M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg

Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i

cÖ‡qvM: DËie‡½i Ici GKwU mgxÿv

(APPLICATION OF FOLKLORE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL

DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY ON NORTH BENGAL)

M‡elK M‡elYv ZË¡veavqK

†Rmwgb cÖavb W. †gv. nvweeyi ingvb

1
 Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i
cÖ‡qvM: DËie‡½i Ici GKwU mgxÿv

(APPLICATION OF FOLKLORE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL

DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY ON NORTH BENGAL)

f~wgKv (Introduction):
evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rbc` n‡jv DËie½| GB Rbc‡`i AwaKvsk gvbyl `wi`ª| Liv
cÖeYZv, AbybœZ K…wl e¨e¯’v, cÖwZK~j cÖK…wZ, AbybœZ hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v, †mP
e¨e¯’vi Ach©vßZv GB A‡ji cðvrc` RxebhvÎv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| AÎ A‡ji ‰ewkó¨
wn‡m‡e A_©‰bwZKfv‡e `wi`ª, mvgvwRKfv‡e MÖvgxY, K…wóMZ w`K †_‡K
mbvZb I AeKvVv‡gvi we‡ePbvq †kÖwYwfwËK e‡j wewfbœ M‡elYv, mgxÿv I Rwi‡c
D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| d‡j wbiÿiZv, f~wgnxbZv, cywónxbZv, RbmsL¨v e„w×, RbmsL¨vi
NbZ¡, †hŠZzK cÖ_v, bvix wbh©vZb, †RÛvi ˆelg¨ GB GjvKvi gvby‡li cÖavb mgm¨v
n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| Z‡e DËi Rbc` Av_©- mvgvwRKfv‡e cðvrc` n‡jI GB A‡ji i‡q‡Q
mg„× †jvKms¯‹…wZ| iscyi A‡ji fvIqvBqv Mvb, w`bvRcy‡ii †jvKbvU¨ †nvwji Mvb,
†Pvi-Pziwbi Mvb, VvKziMvuI‡qi `vBNyiv Mvb, ivRkvnxi M¤¢xiv, AvjKvc cÖf…wZ
AÎ A‡ji mvs¯‹…wZK m¤ú`| cðvrc` Gme `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b Z_v
Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b wewfbœ miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cÖwZô‡bi
f’wgKv Awe¯§iYxq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ miKvwi cÖwZôvb †hgb- K…wl Awa`ßi, gwnjv welqK
Awa`ßi, grm¨ Awa`ßi †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb †hgb ‘Caritas’ I ‘Save The Children’ ‘Oxfam’
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hvq G ai‡Yi ms¯’v¸‡jvi hvÎv
ïiæ nq cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci| ïiæi w`‡K wLªóag©wfwËK cÖwZôvbmg~n we‡kl K‡i †ivgvb
K¨v_wjK PvP© ‘Caritas’ I ‘Save The Children’ bvgK GwbwRIÕi cËb NUvq| c‡i wØZxq
wek¦hy× PjvKv‡j A‡bK¸‡jv GbwRIÕi Rb¥ nq| Gig‡a¨ Oxfam (1942), CRS (1943), CARE
(1945) D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g GbwRIÕi Avwef©ve N‡U mˇii `k‡K Ges cÖ_g GbwRI Kvh©µg ïiæ nq
wLªóvb wgkbvix‡`i gva¨‡g| wLªóag© cÖPv‡ii mnvqK kw³ wn‡m‡e G‡`‡k kZvwaK eQi
Av‡M †_‡K GbwRImg~n `wi`ª gvby‡li Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ we`¨vjq, GwZg Lvbv, nvmcvZvj
cÖwZôv K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc 1794 mv‡j M‡o IVv ‘Baptist missionary Society’ wcwQ‡q cov
Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b AvR Aewa bvbv Kg©g~Lx

2
Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb K‡i Avm‡Q| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g 1913 mv‡j e¸ov †Rjvi `~M©vcy‡i
wkÿv cÖwZôvb6, 1970 Gi cÖjqsKvix N~wY©S‡o ÔKvwiZvm evsjv‡`kÕ, ‘World Vision’,
‘The Society for Friends’, ‘Save The Children Bangladesh’, 1975-G Ô¯^wbf©i evsjv‡`kÕ 1976
G ÔcÖwkKv gvbweK Dbœqb †K›`ªÕ, 1981 ‘VERC’ 1986-G ‘RDRS’ ‘ESDO’ 1988 Ges 1987
†Z ‘TMSS’ bvgK A‡bK GbwRI ms¯’vi Rb¥ nq hv AvR Aewa ¯’vbxq, RvZxq I
AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q eZ©gvb mg‡qi eûj Av‡jvwPZ welq †UKmB Dbœq‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv
wb‡q G mKj cÖwZôvb wbijmfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i DËie‡½i Rb‡Mvôxi
Rxebgvb DbœZKi‡Y GmKj miKvwi-†emiKvwi cÖwZô‡bi f’wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©|
Dbœq‡bi Aej¤^b wn‡m‡e cªwZôvb¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡Q ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvwôi mnRjf¨ Dcv`vb
†jvKR HwZn¨‡K hv ¯’vbxq, RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡q †eKvi
hyeK-hyeZx, Amnvq bvixmn ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvwôi Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó Ki‡Q| †hgb- gwnjv
welqK Awa`߇ii ÔRwqZv dvD‡ÛkbÕ, eª¨v‡Ki ÔAvos wkíÕ, PuvcvBbeveM‡Äi
buKwkKv_v, BGmwWIÕi †jvKvqb Rxeb ‰ewPΨ Rv`yNi, AiwY n¨vwÛµvd&U, B‡Kv
dzW cÖf~wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †jvKR HwZn¨‡K cÖhyw³i †Qvuqvq G‡b †h Ggb wkí
evwY‡R¨ DbœxZ Kiv m¤¢e Ges Dbœq‡bi cv‡_q n‡Z cv‡i Zv GLbI myaxgn‡j †Zgb
mgv`„Z bq| myZivs mvgMÖxK Dbœqb Z_v RvZxq Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© Kg©ms¯’vb
m„wói Acvi m¤¢vebv †jvKR HwZn¨i cÖ‡qvM, m¤¢vebv, mdjZv we‡kølY, Rb‡Mvôxi
RxebhvÎvi aib, Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’v D‡b¥vP‡b DËie‡½i miKvwi-
‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©m~wP ch©v‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| B‡Zvc~‡e© G wel‡q
†Zgb †Kvb M‡elYv m¤úvw`Z nqwb| ZvB ÔÔAv_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK
Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM: DËie‡½i Ici GKwU mgxÿvÓ, wk‡ivbv‡g
Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi AeZviYv|

cÖZ¨q we‡kølY (Key Terms) : M‡elYvi cÖZ¨q we‡kølY wb‡¤œ †`Iqv n‡jv-
Dbœqb:
Dbœqb k‡ãi Bs‡iRx cÖwZkã n‡jv `Development’ hvi A_© n‡jv DbœwZ n‡Z hv‡”Q
Ggb A_©vr cwieZ©‡bi GKwU cÖwµqv, hv e¯ÍMZ I gvbwmK Df‡qB n‡Z cv‡i| Dbœqb
cÖZ¨qwU g~jZ GKwU †`k ev mgv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³| KviY †Kvb AbybœZ †`k ev mgvR‡K
DbœZ Kivi Rb¨B Dbœq‡bi aviv ev c_ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| d‡j Dbœqb avibvwU MwZkxj I
cwieZ©bkxj ejv hvq| Avi GRb¨B wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î Dbœq‡bi A_© wewfbœ `„wófw½‡Z
cÖKvwkZ I M„wnZ n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z Dbœq‡bi GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ ms½v wba©viY Kiv
LyeB KwVb| wewfbœ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K A_©bxwZwe`, mgvRweÁvbx, g‡bvweÁvbx,
cÖhyw³we` I weÁvbx Ges b„- weÁvbxiv wbR ˆewk‡ó¨i cÖwZ †Rvi w`‡q wewfbœ
3
ms½v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, †Kvb mgvR ev †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, ivR
‰bwZK, gvbwmK, wPšÍvMZ I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’v BZ¨vw`i cwieZ©b (DbœwZ)
nIqvB n‡jv Dbœqb| A_©vr DcwiD³ welq¸‡jv‡K mymsMwVZfv‡e KvVv‡gv
MVbc~e©K Drcv`bgyLx cÖhyw³ e¨envi, kÖg, †gav I cyuwRi mwVK cÖ‡qvM msewjZ
e¨e¯’v †_‡K cÖvß mydj Rb‡Mvwô, mgvR ev †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I
mvs¯‹…wZK †ÿ‡Î †h BwZevPZK cwieZ©b wb‡q Av‡m ZvB n‡jv Dbœqb| AZGe ejv
hvq, Dbœqb ïay cwigvYMZ, cwigvcMZ I mvswL¨K DbœwZ bq eis values, tradition,
arts, problem Ges culture cÖf„wZ welq RwoZ| GKK_vq ejv hvq, †h DbœwZ‡Z
bvMwiK Rxe‡bi mKj welq mgvb ¸iæZ¡ cvq| Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvq Dbœqb ej‡Z Rb‡Mvwôi
Av_©- mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’vi BwZevPK cwieZ©b ev DbœwZ‡K †evSv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|

Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb:
mvaviY A‡_© A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb ej‡Z RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb‡K †evSvq| DbœZ
RxebhvÎvi gvb ej‡Z wkÿvi D”P¯Íi, kÖwg‡Ki Avq, ¯^v¯’¨ I Rxebhvcb| A‡bK
A_©bxwZwe` Dbœqb I cÖe„w× kã `ywU‡K GK A‡_© e¨envi Ki‡jI cÖK…Z A‡_© kã
`ywUi wfbœ wfbœ A_© i‡q‡Q hw`I cÖe„w× Dbœq‡biB GKwU Ask gvÎ| welqwU
wdªRg Rb wd«Wg¨vb- Gi ms½vq ¯úó nq| wZwb e‡jb , ÒmvgvwRK e¨e¯’v‡K †Kvb
KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b bv K‡i GK ev GKvwaK gvÎvq cÖmvi NUv‡bv‡K A_©‰bwZK
cÖe„w× e‡j| Avevi A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡”Q mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi bZzb †Kvb
KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b Avbv| A_©vr A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb ej‡Z †`‡ki RvZxq Avq,
Drcv`b ÿgZv I RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi µ‡gvbœwZi GK `xN©Kvjxb cÖwµqv‡K †evSvq| GB
cÖwµqvq †`‡ki mvgwMÖK A_©‡bwZK KvVv‡gv cwiewZ©Z nq Ges mgv‡R bZzbZi
MwZ‡eM mÂvwiZ nq| G Dbœqb ïay Drcv`‡bi cwigvYevPK cwieZ©b‡K †evSvq bv,
mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi ¸bMZ cwieZ©b‡KI †evSvq| cÖ¯ÍvweZ M‡elYvq Rb‡Mvwôi A_©
‰bwZK Dbœqb ej‡Z cwigvY I ¸bMZ cwieZ©b‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡e|

GKB mv‡_ mvgvwRK Dbœqb nj wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi Dbœqb, gvbe m¤ú‡`i
weKvk, RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi n«vm, cwi‡el Dbœqb cÖf…wZ †ÿ‡Î evwÃZ I BwZevPK
cwieZ©b| GwU‡K g~jZ wPwýZ Kiv nq eûgvwÎK, me©Rbxb I e¨vcK GKwU welq
wn‡m‡e| GRb¨ mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi jÿ¨ I D‡Ï‡k¨i g‡a¨ ˆewPΨZv I eûgvwÎKZv
cwiùzvUZ nq|

4
mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœqb:
ms¯‹…wZ †h‡Kvb RvwZi mgvR-mf¨Zvi wb‡`©kK| RxweKv m¤ú„³ Rxe‡bi
mve©ÿwYK I eûav Awfe¨w³B ms¯‹…wZ| Rxeb-RxweKvMZ bq †Kej, ¯’vb, Kvj Ges
†MvôxMZI| gvbe ms¯‹…wZ‡Z ˆewPΨ, wewfbœZv, weeZ©b I ˆelg¨ N‡U G Kvi‡YB|
wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e‡k Rxeb-RxweKvi wbivc`, wbiæc`ªe iÿY-jvjb j‡ÿ¨B gvby‡li gvbm
ms¯‹…wZ I Z¾vZ e¨envwiK DcKiY Ges ˆelwqK AvPiY wba©vwiZ I wbqwš¿Z nq|
Abyf‚wZ I gb‡bi Awfe¨w³ Ges AvKv•ÿv I cÖ‡qvRb †PZbvi ewniƒcB ms¯‹…wZi mvÿ¨|
ms¯‹…wZi Dbœqb ZvB gvbemgv‡Ri bvbv Dcv`v‡bi Dbœqb‡KB †evSvq|

†jvKR HwZn¨:
cÖ¯ÍvweZ M‡elYvq †jvKR HwZn¨ ej‡Z †dvK‡jvi‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Ô†dvKÕ A_©
Ô†jvKÕ Avi Ô†jviÕ ÔÁvbÕ A_©vr †dvK‡jvi ej‡Z †jvKÁvb‡K †evSvq| mvaviYfv‡e
†dvK‡jvi n‡jv Ôm„wóg~jK †jvKÁvbÕ| AZGe mnRfv‡e ejv hvq AwfÁ †jvKvqZ mgv‡R
evmiZ mass people Gi m„wójä ˆkwíK ÁvbB †dvK‡jvi| †dvK‡jv‡ii ms½vq Alan dundes
e‡jb, Ò Since materials others than Folklore are also orally transmitted the criterion of oral
transmission by itself, is not sufficient to distinguish Folklore from non Folklore.” †dvK‡jvi‡K
e„nr `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v- (K) e¯‘MZ †dvK‡jvi: Gi g‡a¨ c‡o †jvKKvwnbx,
†jvKmsMxZ, Qov, auvav, cÖev` cÖf„wZ| (L) Ae¯‘MZ †dvK‡jvi: Gi g‡a¨ c‡o g„rwkí,
n¯Íwkí, euvk-‡eZ wkí, `viy wkí, Kuvmv wkí, ch©Ub wkí, Rv`yNi, AvK©vBf, †jvKbvU¨
cÖf’wZ| †dvK‡jv‡ii Gme Dcv`vb e¨envi K‡i wKfv‡e Rb‡Mvwôi Av_©-mvgvwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡”Q Zv Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvq we‡kølY Kiv n‡e|
mswkøó mvwnZ¨ ch©‡jvPbv (Literature Review):
†Kv‡b wel‡q M‡elYvi c~e©kZ© n‡jv †m welq m¤úwK©Z iPbvejx m¤ú‡K© mg¨K
aviYv AR©b| Gi gva¨‡gB ÁvbvR©b m¤¢e Ges M‡elYvi †hŠw³KZv I me©v½xbZv
e„w× cvq| Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvKg©wUi welq m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨mg~n ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv
nj|

wgqv gyn¤§` †mwjg, mvgvwRK Dbœqb †KŠkj, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 2009
MÖš’wU‡Z mvgvwRK-mv¯‹…wZK Dbœqb, gvbe m¤ú` Dbœqb, cÖwkÿY, AwaKvi,
mvgvwRK cwiKíbv, Dbœqb †KŠkj, GbwRI‡`i f~wgKv cÖf…wZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv
i‡q‡Q| †gvU GMviwU Aa¨v‡q G‡Z Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ g‡Wj, ZË¡mn †ekwKQz GbwRI
Gi Av_©-mvgvwRK Kg©m~wP m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov mgvRK‡g©i
†KŠkjmg~n we‡kølY Kivq MÖš’wU eZ©gvb cÖ¯ÍvweZ M‡elYvq mnvqK n‡e|
5
W. †gv. Qv‡`Kzj Av‡iwdb, ÿgZvqb I MÖvgxY `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx: eª¨vK Kvh©µ‡gi Ae`vb,
XvKv: G GBP cvewjwks nvDm, 2007
evsjv‡`‡ki `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi ÿgZvq‡b bxwZ wbav©iY I cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b GKwU
w`Kwb‡`©kbvg~jK MÖš’ GwU| eª¨vK Gi gvVch©v‡qi Kvh©µg we‡kølY I m¤úv`b K‡i
GwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z AvUwU Aa¨v‡q `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v Ges
ÿgZvq‡bi ZvwË¡ KvVv‡gv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

W. †gv. Rvnv½xi †nv‡mb, †dvK‡jvi: †hvMv‡hvM I Dbœqb, XvKv, 2012

MÖš’wU †ek wKQz M‡elYv cÖeš’ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK
Ae¯’v Ges ÿgZvq‡b wKfv‡e †jvKR HwZn¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ GbwRI Gi Kvh©µg we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q G‡Z| MÖš’wU
mnvqK n‡e|

W. †gv. nvweeyi ingvb, mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b †dvK‡jvi, KjKvZv: Z_¨ I ms¯‹…wZ

gš¿Yvjq, cwðge½ miKvi, fviZ
†dvK‡jvi ev †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i Dcv`vbmg~n wKfv‡e Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK
Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvn Kiv hvq, Zv GLv‡b Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z Dbœq‡bi GKwU g‡Wj
wn‡m‡e Ô†dvK‡jvi g‡WjÕ-†K we‡kølY Kivq MÖš’wU fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki mswkøó gn‡j
mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb M‡elYvi aviYv we‡køl‡Y I cÖv‡qvwMK ev¯ÍeZv we‡køl‡Y
GB MÖš’wU mnvqK n‡e|

†gv. Avãym Qvjvg, evsjv‡`‡k Gb.wR.IÕi D™¢e I weKvk: w`bvRcyi †Rjvi GKwU
mgxÿv, (Gg.wdj w_wmm), BwZnvm wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx, 2006,
c„. 50|
‡gv: Avãym Qvjvg M‡elYvq †h, AvÂwjK †ÿ‡Î GbwRI Kg©KvÛ g~j¨vqb, GbwRIÕi
D™¢e I weKv‡ki BwZnv‡mi mv`„k¨-‰emv`„k¨ wbY©q, e¨wóK wfwˇZ ch©v‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g BwZnvm cwieZ©b,cwiea©b I cwigvR©b Gi i~c‡iLv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| M‡elYvK‡g©i Z_¨ M„wnZ n‡q‡Q cÖv_wgK Drm I †MŠY Drm †_‡K Ges
HwZnvwmK M‡elYv c×wZi cvkvcvwk cÖv‡qvwMK M‡elYv c×wZ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e
Zuvi M‡elYvq Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Kvh©µg
we‡køwlZ nq wb| Z_vwc eZ©gvb M‡elYvq GwU mnvqK n‡e|

6
BmivZ Rvnvb iƒcv Ò evsjv‡`‡k MÖv‡gi gwnjv‡`i Av_©- mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b
MÖvgxY e¨vs‡Ki f’wgKv: wbe©vwPZ MÖvgmg~‡ni Dci GKwU mgxÿvÓ
(wc.GBP.wW w_wmm) Bbw÷wUDU Ae evsjv‡`k ÷vwWR, ivRkvnx wek^we`¨vjq,
2005|
BmivZ Rvnvb iƒcv MÖvgxY `wi`ª gwnjv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b MÖvgxY e¨vsK
gwnjv‡`i Avqe„w×, bvbvw`K hvPvB, e¨vsK †_‡K cÖvß F‡Yi h_vh_ e¨envi I FY
e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi M‡elYvq bvix‡`i Ae¯’vb, gwnjv‡`i
M„wnYxi f~wgKv, c`©v cÖ_v I gwnjv‡`i wb‡qvM m¤^‡Ü cyiæ‡li g‡bvfve, A_©Kix
Kg©Kv‡Û bvixi AskMÖnY m¤ú©‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wbw`©ó †Kvb
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g gwnjv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b MÖvgxY e¨vsK wK f~wgKv
ivL‡Q Zvi Kvh©µg we‡køwlZ nq wb|

†gv. nvweeyjøvn& Ò MÖvgxY Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Dbœq‡b ¯’vbxq

GwjU‡`i f’wgKv: e¸ov †Rjvi `yÕwU BDwbq‡bi GKwU mgxÿvÓ (wc.GBP.wW
w_wmm), ivóªweÁvb wefvM, ivRkvnx wek^we`¨vjq, 2008|

†gv: nvweeyjøvn Zuvi M‡elYvq †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, MÖvgxY Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR

‰bwZK Dbœqb Gi ¯^iæc| cÖfvekvjx‡`i AZxZ, eZ©gvb Ae¯’v, MÖvgxY cÖfvekvjx I
miKvwi cÖfvkvjx‡`i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb m¤úK© Zuvi A‡jvPbvq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖvgxY
cÖfvekvjx ÿgZv KvVv‡gvi iæcvšÍi, Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Dbœq‡b
cÖfvekvjx‡`i AskMªnY, Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿv I AvšÍm¤úK© ch©‡eÿY BZ¨vw` wZwb
we‡kølY Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb wn‡m‡e ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb,
cwievi cwiKíbv, bvix wbh©vZb †iva, evj¨weevn †iva, †hŠZzK cÖ_v †iva cÖf…wZ,
A_©‰bwZK Kvh©µg †hgb mgevq c×wZ cÖPjb, ÿz`ª wkí I nuvm gyiMxi Lvgvi Ges
ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µg †hgb-wbe©vPb †fvU`vb, ivR‰bwZK m‡PZbZv m„wó,
msMwVZ nIqv cÖf…wZ wel‡q cÖfvkvjx‡`i f~wgKv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zuvi M‡elYvq
wKš‘ Gmg¯Í Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©µg we‡kølY Kiv nqwb| ZvQvov
mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡bi welqwU GLv‡b D‡cwÿZ n‡q‡Q|

RyevB`v Av‡qkv wmwÏKv Ò evsjv‡`‡k MªvgxY bvixi ÿgZvq‡b AvBwRwW

Kg©m~wPi cÖfveÓ (wc.GBP.wW w_wmm), Bbw÷wUDU Ae evsjv‡`k ÷vwWR,
ivRkvnx wek^we`¨vjq, 2003|
RyevB`v Av‡qkv wmwÏKv Zuvi M‡elYvq MÖvgxY bvixi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v,
bvixi Ae¯’vb wPwýZKiY, bvixi ÿgZvqb, bvixi ÿgZvq‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv, bvixi ÿgZvq‡b

7
AvBwRwW Kg©m~wPi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b ïay GKwU As‡ki Dbœqb
Z_v ÿgZvqb‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q, †Kvb Kvh©µg we‡køwlZ nqwb Ges mvs¯‹…
wZK welqwU GLv‡b D‡cwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
M‡elYvi jÿ¨ (Research Objectives):
DËie‡½i cðvrc` Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b miKvwi-
‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb Kg©m~Px wn‡m‡e †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM
chv©‡jvPbv Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi g~j jÿ¨| GQvovI wb‡¤œv³ jÿ¨¸‡jv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q:
1. DËie‡½i Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’vb D‡b¥vPb Kiv;
2. Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM we‡kølY Kiv;
3. DËie‡½ †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qv‡M Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK
Dbœqb we‡køl‡Y miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb Kg©m~Px
ch©v‡jvPbv|

M‡elYvi ¯’vb (Research Area):

Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi DcvË msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ DËie½ AÂj‡K wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| DËie½
ej‡Z e„nËi w`bvRcyi, iscyi I ivRkvnx AÂj‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gme A‡j gvV ch©v‡q
Dcw¯’Z †_‡K miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi AIZvf~³ Rb‡Mvôx I cÖwZôv‡bi
Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvixi cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ DcvË msM„wnZ n‡e|

M‡elYv c×wZ I †KŠkj (Research Method & Tools):

Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvKg©wUi Z_¨ msMÖn cÖwµqv m¤úbœ n‡e mivmwi AskMÖnYg~jK
mvÿvrKvi c×wZi gva¨‡g| DËie‡½i Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’v,
Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM, miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb
Kg©m~Px Abyave‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgKfv‡e GKwU bgybv wb‡q KvVv‡gvMZ cÖkœc‡Îi
gva¨‡g ¸YMZ cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvR‡b cwigvYMZ we‡klY m¤úv`b Kiv n‡e| e„nËi
w`bvRcyi, iscyi I ivRkvnx A‡j DcvË msMÖ‡ni wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b m‡iRwg‡b wewfbœ
mgq I ¯’v‡b 1 mßvn Ae¯’vb K‡i 1-2 gvm e¨vcx Rwic c×wZ‡Z Z_¨/ DcvË msM„wnZ
n‡e| Dcv‡Ëi Zyjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Zzjbvg~jK I Mfxi Abyave‡bi Rb¨
ch©‡eÿY c×wZ AbymiY Kiv n‡e| M‡elYvi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e bgybvqb, cÖkœcÎ, wcAviG,
†KAvBAvB, AvBwWAvB, GdwRwW, WvUv f¨vwj‡Wkb, wdwRKvj f¨vwiwd‡Kkb,
g¨vwcs, g¨vwUª· cÖf’wZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq †bIqv n‡e| wb‡¤œ Zv Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv-

bgybvqb:
8
mgMÖ Ask †_‡K bgybv GK‡Ki Dci cixÿv- wbixÿv K‡i M‡elYvi mZ¨Zv Avwe®‹…Z
nq| ÔÔAv_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM: DËie‡½
miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb Kg©m~Px ch©v‡jvPbvÓ, wk‡ivbv‡g
Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi bgybv wn‡m‡e 4-5 wU miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi 02 wU K‡i
†gvU 10 wU Kg©m~wP Ges Rb‡Mvwôi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’vb
we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ 400 Rb bvix- cyiæl †bIqv n‡e| GB bgybvq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi K¨vUvMwi
Abym„Z n‡e|
(K) 18- 25 eQi eqmx †Q‡j 40, †g‡q 40 hviv wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b Aa¨qbiZ ev
Kg©iZ|
(L) 25- 50 eQi eqmx bvix 75, cyiæl 75 hviv wewfbœ †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ Ges AwZ I ga¨g
`wi`ª Rb‡Mvwô AšÍf©~³ n‡e|
(M) 50-70 eQi eqmx bvix 35, cyiæl 35 hviv †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ A_ev RwoZ bq Df‡qi
wbKU †_‡K Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ae¯’vi AZxZ I eZ©gvb wel‡q Z_¨ †bIqv
n‡e|
cÖkœcÎ cÖYqb:
M‡elYvi Z_/DcvË msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ GKwU KvVv‡gve× cÖkœgvjv ˆZwi Kiv n‡e| cÖ‡kœi
aib n‡e `ywU Ave× cÖkœ (Close Ended), Ges Db¥y³ cÖkœ (Open Ended)| ‡gvU 100 wU
Ave× cÖkœ Kiv n‡e †hLv‡b DËi`vZv nu¨v/ bv A_ev †Kvb gšÍe¨ †bB GB wZbwU
Dcv‡q DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e| GQvov DËi`vZvi mv‡_ †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ 10 wU Db¥y³
cÖkœ Kiv n‡e, ‡hLv‡b DËi`vZv mswkøó wel‡q m¦vaxbfv‡e gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
G‡ÿ‡Î DËi`vZ‡`i avivevwnKfv‡e wb‡¤œv³ cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiv n‡e hv‡Z Zviv myk„•Ljfv‡e
DËi w`‡Z cv‡i-
(K) cÖwZôv‡bi ‡cªÿvcU msµvšÍ
(L) Rb‡Mvwôi Dbœq‡b cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©m~wP msµvšÍ
(M) Rb‡Mvwôi Dbœq‡b cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©m~wPi f’wgKv msµvšÍ
(N) ‡jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvMg~jK Dbœqb Kg©m~wP msµvšÍ
(O) e¨w³MZ cÖkœ
(P) cvwievwiK cÖkœ
(Q) mvgvwRK cÖkœ
(R) A_©‰bwZK cÖkœ
(S) mvs¯‹…wZK cÖkœ
(T) Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qv‡M e¨w³i g‡bvfve
msµvšÍ
9
†KAvBAvB (KII):
Key Informent interview †Kvb AwfÁ, `ÿ e¨w³i wbKU †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Ggb GKwU
†KŠkj hviv †Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© mg¨K avibv iv‡Lb| cÖ¯ÍvweZ M‡elYvi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni
Rb¨ 4-6 e¨w³ wbe©vwPb Kiv n‡e hviv cÖwZôvb Ges GjvKv m¤ú‡K© mg¨K avibv
ivL‡e|
GdwRwW(FGD):
Focus Group Discussion n‡jv GKwU `jxq Av‡jvPbv hv †Kvb mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b
†i‡L †Kvb Kg©m~wP m¤ú‡K© wbqgZvwš¿K cÖwµqvq mgag©x m`m¨‡`I ga¨ n‡Z
we‡kl cÖwµqvq wbe©vwPZ GKwU ÿz`ª `j‡K mywbw`©ó Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM w`‡q Gi
gva¨‡g wewfbœ Av‡eM I AvZ¥wbô w`K ev` †i‡L AvPiY, `„wófw½, mš‘wó, D‡ØM
Ges RwUj cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i cÖvmw½K Z_¨vewj msMÖn Kiv nq| Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi
Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ 4-5 wU Focus Group Discussion cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
AvBwWAvB(IDI):
M‡elYvq †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖv‡qwMK w`K we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZôvb I
Rb‡Mvwô‡Z †gvU 15-20 R‡bi Indepth Interview MÖnY Kiv n‡e hviv Gi e¨envi I
cÖ‡qv‡M A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e mg„w× jvf K‡i‡Qb|

Z‡_¨i Drm (Data Source):

M‡elYvK‡g©i Z_¨ Avni‡Yi Drm wn‡m‡e g~L¨ m~Î (Primary source) Ges ‡MŠY Drm
(Secondary source) e¨eüZ n‡e|
g~L¨ m~Î Abyhvqx (Primary source) gvV ch©v‡qi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ mivmwi
mvÿvrKvi MÖnY, ch©‡eÿY I Ab¨vb¨ †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i Z_¨ DcvË msMÖn Kiv n‡e|
GjvKvi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwô n‡e GB Z‡_¨i cÖv_wgK Drm|
Z‡_¨i †MŠY Drm (Secondary) wn‡m‡e wewfbœ jvB‡eªwi, M‡elYv m¤úwK©Z
wewfbœ MÖš’cwÄ, cÖwZôvb KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ cy¯ÍK, cwÎKv, cwicÎ,
Kg©cwiPvjbv, g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b, `vßwiK bw_cÎ, M‡elYv m¤úwK©Z cÎ cwÎKv,
Rvb©vj, g¨vMvwRb, wi‡cv©U , M‡ellYv cÖwZ‡e`b I B›Uvi‡bU cÖf~wZ e¨envi Kiv
n‡e|

Z_¨ we‡kølY (Data Analysis):

msM„wnZ Z_¨/ DcvË we‡køl‡Y `ywU c×wZ e¨eüZ n‡e w_‡gwUK Ges cwimsL¨vwbK|
Aa¨vq (Chapaterization):

10
M‡elYv myôyfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb G‡KwU wbw`©ó Awfm›`f© KvVv‡gv| Ò
Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM: DËie‡½i Ici
GKwU mgxÿvÓ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wUi †eŠw×K I †hŠw³K we‡kølYg~jK
cÖ‡hqvRbxqZv‡K Dcjwä K‡i wb‡¤œv³ KvVv‡gv Abymv‡i we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q |
Awfm›`f© KvVv‡gvi Aa¨vq web¨vm wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : f~wgKv I M‡elYvi iƒc‡iLv
wØZxq Aa¨vq : Av_©-mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœqb I †jvKR HwZn¨
m¤ú©‡K ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : DËie‡½i †jvKR HwZn¨ I cÖwZôvb cwiwPwZ
PZz_© Aa¨vq : DËie‡½i Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK
Ae¯’vb we‡kølY: AZxZ I eZ©gvb
cÂg Aa¨vq : Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i cÖ‡qvM I m¤^vebv: Rb‡Mvôxi
g‡bvfve we‡kølY
lô Aa¨vq : Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dbœq‡b †jvKR HwZ‡n¨i
cÖ‡qvM:
miKvwi- †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb Kg©m~Px ch©v‡jvPbv
mßg Aa¨vq : Dcmsnvi

M‡elYvi m¤¢ve¨ mgq cwiwa (Expected Research Time Frame):

1g ch©vq 2q ch©vq 3q ch©vq 4_© ch©vq
gvV ch©v‡q Z_¨ - - -
msMÖn
- ‡m‡KÛvix Z_¨ - -
ch©v‡jvPbv
- M‡elYv Kg© -
cÖ¯‘Z
- P~ovšÍ M‡elYv
Kg© Dc¯’vcb

11