Group 1:

DEMANDANTE, ROSE ANN M.

DIATA CRUZ, JASMINE A.
GUILLERMO, GLAIZA AMOR O.
PRASETYANTI, YULIA WULAN.

BIOED142 UNIT II: NON MENDELIAN GENETICS

Elicit-Protein Synthesis

DNA RNA protein

The sequence involved in the expression of hereditary characteristics is from DNA to RNA to protein.
This is referred to as the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics. The Central Dogma involves three major
players: the DNA, the RNA, and the proteins. It also involves three processes, namely: replication,
transcription, and protein synthesis. These major chemical components and processes form the basis of
storage, transmission, and expression of hereditary information.
DNA replication: DNA to DNA
The old strand acts as a template to produce the complementary new strand. This means the old
strand determines the sequence of nucleotides of the new strand. Synthesis of the new strand is
based on the concept of complementary base pairing. Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), and
vice versa; whereas adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and vice versa. Once completed, each
chromatid or DNA molecule, consists of one old strand and one new strand. This is described as
semi-conservative replication of the DNA. DNA replication, therefore, allows the production of
faithful copies of the genetic material. These exact same copies are transmitted from parent to
daughter cells during cell division, and from one generation to the next. This forms the basis of
heredity.
Transcription: DNA to RNA
Transcription involves the synthesis of a single strand of nucleotides of mRNA using one DNA
strand as template. It occurs in the same way as DNA replication, except that thymine (T) in
DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA. The product of transcription is a single strand of
nucleotides called mRNA.
Translation: RNA to Protein
Translation involves using the mRNA (messenger RNA) as a template to determine the sequence
of tRNA (transfer RNA), which in turn determines the sequence of amino acids which will be
linked together in a chain to produce a polypeptide or a protein molecule.