Monthly

Month Annual D/AR S/AR Water saving

rainfall
Rainfall Efficiency
mm/month m/year
Jan 87.9 1.05 0.571 0.071 94 D=
Feb 96 1.15 0.523 0.065 96 A=
Mar 117.6 1.41 0.427 0.053 96 S=
Apr 259.8 3.12 0.193 0.024 100
May 352.6 4.23 0.142 0.018 100
Jun 211.6 2.54 0.237 0.030 100
Jul 139.7 1.68 0.359 0.045 95
Aug 123.7 1.48 0.406 0.051 96
Sep 153.4 1.84 0.327 0.041 96
Oct 354.1 4.25 0.142 0.018 100
Nov 324.4 3.89 0.155 0.019 100
Dec 174.8 2.10 0.287 0.036 98
97.58
241
400
30
QUIZ ON WATER SAVING EFFICIENCY
CE5150-Sustainable Design and Development
 Name: H.J.D Karunarathna
Index No: 199194B
Course: Msc. In Structural Enginnering (19/20)

Quiz
Question
A factory building located in in the wet zone of sri lanka employes 300 people full time and another 120
on part time basis. Out of this work force, 30% is male.

1.Determine the full time equivalent

2.Determine the baseline water usage
3.Suggest appliances that can bring water saving and select a suitable combination
4.Determine the water usage in the design case and hence the saving
5.Suggest the way that the water usage can be further reduced up to 40% of th baseline with rainwater harvesting
6.Determine the quantity of rainwater to be harvested and hence select a suitable roof area and storage
capacity needed (it is possible to consider up to 500m2 of roof area as that can be connected for rain water
harvesting and you can use a lesser area than this)

7.Check whether this quantity of rainwater harvesting is sufficient to claim the points for efficient water conveyance

Answer
Q1
Assume that part time workers are working only 3 hours per day
Full time equivalent for part time workers = 120*(3/8)
= 45

So, Total work force in factory = 300+45

= 345 Persons
Q2
Base line for the water usage can be calculated as follows
Assume that 70% are females in the given factory
Total number of females in factory = 345*0.7
= 242
Total number of males in factory = 345-242
= 103
Base line water usage for females

Total per
No.of Usage Water per usage
Person(gal)

Water Closet
Lavotary faucet –15 3 1.6 4.8
seconds and0.5 gpm 3 (15/60)*0.5 0.375
Kitchen Sink – 15 seconds 1 (15/60)*2.2 0.55
Shower – 300 seconds and 0.1 (300/60)*2.5 1.25
2.5gpm
Total per person 6.975

Base line water usage for males

Total per
No.of Usage Water per usage
Person(gal)
Water Closet 1 1.6 1.6
Urinals–15
Lavotary faucet 2 1 2
seconds and0.5 gpm 3 (15/60)*0.5 0.375
Kitchen Sink – 15 seconds 1 (15/60)*2.2 0.55
Shower – 300 seconds and 0.1 (300/60)*2.5 1.25
2.5gpm
Total per person 5.775

Q3
Usage with fixtures complying with EPA water sense standards – Female

Total per
No.of Usage Water per usage
Person(gal)
HET Dual flush Water 1 1.6 1.6
Closet – full flush
HET – Low flush 2 1.1 2.2

Lavotary faucet –12 3 (12/60)*0.5 0.3

seconds and 0.5 gpm
Low flow Kitchen Sink – 1 (15/60)*1.8 0.45
15 seconds
Shower – 300 seconds and
0.1 (300/60)*1..8 0.9
1.8gpm

Total per person

5.45

Usage with fixtures complying with EPA water sense standards – Male

Total per
No.of Usage Water per usage
Person(gal)
HET Dual flush Water 1 1.28 1.28
Closet – full flush
HET Dual flush Water 1 1.28 1.28
Closet – full flush
HET – Low
Lavotary flush–12
faucet 2 0.5 1
seconds
Low flowand 0.5 gpm
Kitchen Sink – 3 (12/60)*0.5 0.3
15 seconds 1 (15/60)*1.8 0.45
Shower – 300 seconds and
0.1 (300/60)*1..8 0.9
1.8gpm
Total per person 3.93

Q4
Water requirement in Base line case = 242*6.975+103*5.775
= 2282.8 gallons/day
Water requirement in Design case = 5.45*103+3.93*242
= 1512.4 gallons/day

Water saving = (2282.8-1512.4)/2282.8

= 0.337
= 33.70%
If factory is working in 8hrs per day and 280 days per year,
Total saving of water = (2282.8-1512.4)*280
= 215,712 gallons/year
= 215,712*3.75/1000
= 808.92 m3/year

Q5
This water usage can be further reduced by using rain water harvesting technolgies
following will explain how do we can save the water,
Water saving to be achieved = 40-33.7
= 6.30%
quantity of water to be saved = 2282.8*6.3/100
= 144 gallons/day
= 144*3.75 l/day
= 540 ltrs/day

Q6
so, it is necessary to capture sufficient amount of water so that it is possible to assure 0.6m3 per
day is available
so, it is necessary to capture sufficient amount of water so that it is possible to assure 0.6m3 per
day is available

Assuming 70% water saving efficiency in the system,

Required demand of water = 0.6/0.7
= 0.86 m3/day

Demand per year (D) = 0.86*280

= 241m3/year

Assume that we can have a storage of 30m3 and roof area of 400m2;
so, A = 400 m2
S = 30 m3

For the wet zone of the country with available climatic data, water saving efficiency can be
calculated as below; saving
Monthly rainfall Annual Rainfall Efficienc D= 241
Month D/AR S/AR
mm/month m/year y S= 30
Jan 87.9 1.055 0.571 0.071 94 A= 400
Feb 96 1.152 0.523 0.065 96
Mar 117.6 1.411 0.427 0.053 96
Apr 259.8 3.118 0.193 0.024 100
May 352.6 4.231 0.142 0.018 100
Jun 211.6 2.539 0.237 0.030 100
Jul 139.7 1.676 0.359 0.045 95
Aug 123.7 1.484 0.406 0.051 96
Sep 153.4 1.841 0.327 0.041 96
Oct 354.1 4.249 0.142 0.018 100
Nov 324.4 3.893 0.155 0.019 100
Dec 174.8 2.098 0.287 0.036 98
97.58

Total quantity of water saved = 241*0.975

= 235 m3/year

Water saved with better fixtures = (2282.8-1512.4)*3.75*280/1000

= 809 m3/year

Total water saving = 809+253

 = 1062 m3/year
= 1062*100000/(2282.8*3.75*280)
= 44.30%
Q7
Check for the quantity of water harvested is sufficient to claim the points for efficient waste water conveya
Base line for the waste water usage

Total per
No.of Usage Water per usage Total per person(gal) day (gal)
Water closet Female(242) 3 1.6 4.8 1161.6
Water closet male(103) 1 1.6 1.6 164.8
Urinals(male(103) 2 1 2 206
Total daily volume 1532.4
Working days per year 280
Total water for sewage
conveyance per year in 429,072.00
gallons

Design case for the waste water usage

Total per
No.of Usage Water per usage Total per person(gal) day (gal)
Water closet full flush,
Female(242) 1 1.6 1.6 387.2
Water closet half flush,
Female(242) 2 1.1 2.2 532.4
Water closet male(103) 1 1.28 1.28 131.84
Urinals(male(103) 2 0.5 1 103
Total daily volume 622.04
Working days per year 280
Total water for sewage
conveyance per year in 174,171.20
gallons

Water requirement of baseline = 429,072.00 Gallons/year

1,609.02 m3/year
Water saving with better fixtures = 174,171.20 Gallons/year
653.14 m3/year
Quantity of rainwater harvested = 235 m3/year
So reduction of water for sewer conveyanc = 1609-653+235
= 1191m3/year
Reduction in use of potable water = (1191/1609)*100%

= 74% < 50%

So, we can earn another 2 points under efficient waste water management
g (19/20)

er harvesting

water conveyance