314 Vol. 20, No.

2
W.B. Butler/M.K. Gopalan and M.N. Haque

References

15. Butler, W.B., "Economical Binder Proportioning with Cement-Replacement Materials," Cement,
Concrete & Aggregates, CCAGDP, 10(1), 45-47 (Summer 1988).

A R E P L Y TO T H E DISCUSSION OF " M I X DESIGN FOR

O P T I M A L S T R E N G T H D E V E L O P M E N T OF FLY ASH C O N C R E T E "
by W.B. Butler
M.K. Gopalan and M.N. Haque
Department of Civil Engineering
University College
The University of New South Wales
Campbell, ACT, Australia 2600

The authors with to thank Mr. Butler for his interest in the paper and for the valuable comments
offered. The paper was primarily aimed at optimising between various methods of mix design and to
this end it has yielded satisfactory results. The investigation has broadened information on the
optimal replacement ratio of the fly ash for the cement replaced and how it changed with the strength
of the control mix. The methods D1, D2 and D3 were therefore meant only as guidance to find the
optimum method depending on the strength of the mix.

The conclusions arrived at by Mr. Butler on the basis of his way of analysing the results have to
be viewed with caution. It shows that to obtain a concrete of 45 MPa strength at 28 days one could
either use 258 kg cement with no fly ash or 300 kg of cement with 250 kg of fly ash.

The constant ratio of coarse to fine aggregate and the replacement of fly ash by volume were
adopted to conform with the design techniques of this experiment. There was no attempt made by the
authors to fix the water/cementitious ratio; the ratio has in fact changed from 0.43 to 0.75 for mix M1
and 0.35 to 0.47 for mix M2.