Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Metaheuristics in Big Data: An Approach to

Railway Engineering

Silvia Galván Núñez1,2 , and Prof. Nii Attoh-Okine1,3

1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
2
silgalnu@udel.edu, 3 okine@udel.edu

IEEE Workshop on Large Data Analytics in Transportation Engineering

October 27, 2014

IEEE Workshop on Large Data Analytics in Transportation Engineering,

October 27, 2014 1 / 17
Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Outline

1 Introduction

2 Big Data and Optimization

3 Big Data in Railway Engineering

4 Conclusion and Future Work

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Section 1 Introduction

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Introduction

Huge amount of data generated on the

internet every minute:
• Facebook users share over 2.5
million pieces of content.
• Email users send over 200 million
messages.
• Google receives 4 million queries.
http:
//www.domo.com/blog/2014/04/data-never-sleeps-2-0/

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Introduction

Railway Engineering
• 3 terabytes of data are generated in a year for bearing
temperature detectors for Class I US railroad [Li et al., 2014].
• Data collected from different sensors need to be integrated for
predicting track failures [Xie and Liu, 2010].

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Introduction

Figure 1: Five V’s of Big Data

([Costa, 2013], [Lusher et al., 2013], [Cheng et al., 2013], [Pandey and Nepal, 2013], [Markowetz et al., 2014],
[Chen, 2014])

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Big Data Analytics Techniques - Some Examples

Figure 2: Example of a framework for Big Data Analytics

IEEE
([Li et al., 2013], Workshop
[Tannahill onJamshidi,
and Large Data2014])
Analytics in Transportation Engineering,
October 27, 2014 7 / 17
Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Big Data Analytics Techniques - Some Examples

Figure 2: Example of a framework for Big Data Analytics

IEEE
([Li et al., 2013], Workshop
[Tannahill onJamshidi,
and Large Data2014])
Analytics in Transportation Engineering,
October 27, 2014 7 / 17
Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Big Data Analytics Techniques - Some Examples

Figure 2: Example of a framework for Big Data Analytics

IEEE
([Li et al., 2013], Workshop
[Tannahill onJamshidi,
and Large Data2014])
Analytics in Transportation Engineering,
October 27, 2014 7 / 17
Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Big Data Analytics Techniques - Some Examples

Figure 2: Example of a framework for Big Data Analytics

IEEE
([Li et al., 2013], Workshop
[Tannahill onJamshidi,
and Large Data2014])
Analytics in Transportation Engineering,
October 27, 2014 7 / 17
Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Big Data Analytics Techniques - Some Examples

Figure 2: Example of a framework for Big Data Analytics

IEEE
([Li et al., 2013], Workshop
[Tannahill onJamshidi,
and Large Data2014])
Analytics in Transportation Engineering,
October 27, 2014 7 / 17
Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Section 2 Big Data and Optimization

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Optimization Techniques

Figure 3: Classification of Optimization Techniques

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Optimization Techniques

Figure 3: Classification of Optimization Techniques

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Big Data Analytics using Optimization Techniques

Optimization Optimization
Authors Authors
Technique Technique
[Fan et al.,2000],[Chen, 2008],
[Lee et al., 2012], [Chaari et al., 2012],
[Chen et al., 2013], [Chang et al., 2013],
Evolutionary op- [Cambria et al., 2013], Particle swarm [Fong et al., 2013],
timization [Thomas and Jin, 2013], [Zhu et optimization [Govindarajan et al., 2013],
al., 2014], [Balicki et al. 2014], [Cheng et al., 2013],
[Lee et al., 2014], [Liu , [Jian and Wang, 2014]
2014],[Tannahill and Jamshidi, 2014]
[Chung et al., 2013],
[Yang and Chen, 2006],
Ant colony opti- Greedy [Mestre and Pires, 2013],
[Sun et al., 2013],
[Tan et al., 2013],
mization [Wu et al., 2013], [Zhang et algorithm [Lin et al., 2013], [Wang et
al.,2014]
al., 2014]
Hierarchical Neighbor
[Liu et al., 2013] [Yang and Fong, 2013]
scheduling embedding
`1-regularized [Saha et al., 2013], Horizontal data
[Bellatreche et al., 2013]
optimization [Tran et al., 2013] partitioning
Method of multi- [Liu et al., 2013], [Anbari et al., Simulated
[Rahimian et al., 2014]
pliers 2014] annealing
Artificial
[Qin and Rusu, 2013], [Ahmadi et
Gradient Descent al., 2014], [Mittal et al., 2014]
immune [Cabanas-Abascal et al., 2013]

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Metaheuristics in Big Data

Advantages
• Adequate for solving NP-Hard problems.
• Mainly used for:
• Feature extraction.
• Dimension reduction.
• Potential to address multi-objective problems.

Challenges
• The fitness function or the processed data is noisy.
• The fitness function suffers from approximation errors.

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Section 3 Big Data in Railway Engineering

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Applications

Learning to Predict Train Wheel Failures [Yang and Létourneau,

2005]
Goal: Optimize maintenance and operation of trains.
Approach: Decision Trees and Naı̈ve Bayes.

A Simple and Efficient Parallel Approach to Large-Scale Railway

Freight Data Analysis [Xie and Li, 2010]
Goal: Integrate the national-widely distributed railway freight data
sets.
Approach: Parallel optimization techniques.

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Applications

Improving rail network velocity: A machine learning approach to

predictive maintenance [Li et al., 2013]
Data from disparate sources: Historical detector data, failure
data, maintenance action data, inspection schedule data, train
type data and weather data.
Approach: Principal Component Analysis, Support Vector
Machine.

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Findings
• Emerging area.
• Need to integrate data from different sources.

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Section 4 Conclusion and Future Work

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Conclusion
• Potential to use population-based metaheuristics for Big Data
Analytics applied in railway engineering.
• Opportunity to improve reliability and safety in railway
engineering.

Future work
• Identification of the railway data sets.
• Metaheuristic selection and definition of its use in the Big
Data Analytics framework.

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Introduction Big Data and Optimization Big Data in Railway Engineering Conclusion and Future Work

Metaheuristics in Big Data: An Approach to

Railway Engineering

Silvia Galván Núñez1,2 , and Prof. Nii Attoh-Okine1,3

1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
2
silgalnu@udel.edu, 3 okine@udel.edu

IEEE Workshop on Large Data Analytics in Transportation Engineering

October 27, 2014

IEEE Workshop on Large Data Analytics in Transportation Engineering,

October 27, 2014 17 / 17