MyeloProliferative

Disorders (MPDs)

Key Features
Muhammad Bilal Yahya
 Definition
2014-ag-4055
 Types
Roll # 922  Causes
 Symptoms
DVM 8th Sem (E1)  Diagnosis
 Treatment
 MyeloProliferative Disorders

Definition:
Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are a group of diseases of
the bone marrow in which excess cells are produced. Bone
marrow is the soft tissue inside the bones
Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Each of these has a specific function to perform.
RBCs carry oxygen throughout your body. WBCs protect your
body from germs. Platelets control your bleeding.
These deformed blood cells pile up in blood.
Types of MPDs:
There are six different types of MPD. The kind depends on blood
cells being involved. The six types are:
Type Cells Involved
Chronic Immature WBCs in bone
myelogenous leukemia (CML marrow.
)
Polycythemia vera Increased number of RBCs.
Excess of platelets and
WBCs, too.
Myelofibrosis Both immature WBCs and
RBCs.
 RBCs are deformed
Thrombocythemia Increased number of
platelets.
Chronic neutrophilic Surplus of neutrophils,
leukemia -type of white blood cell
Eosinophilia High number of eosinophils.

Any of these disorders can also lead to acute leukemia. This

means that your bone marrow is making deformed white blood
cells.
Causes:
 Gene mutation in bone marrow cells.
 Virus and Toxic chemicals.
 Radiation can also cause this to happen.

Symptoms:
Signs that we have in these disorders include:

 Anemia (don’t have enough RBCs to carry oxygen)

 Shortness of breath
 Pale skin

 Weakness and fatigue

 Lack of appetite
 Bleeding in excess (even when get a minor cut)
 Sinus and infections

 Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

  Headache
 Bruising easily
 Night sweats

 Fevers

 Petechiae (tiny red spots under your skin)

Diagnosis:
 In the early stages of MPD, don’t have any symptoms. This
makes it a challenge to diagnose. Any signs that shown up
are often thought to be other, more common health
problems.
 Blood tests will be ordered to get more details.
 To confirm the diagnosis, a bone marrow biopsy is often

done.
 To do this, a hollow needle inserted to get sample of blood,

bone marrow, or bone will be removed and sent to a lab.

There, it can be checked under a microscope to look
for cancer cells.

Treatment:
Disorders are difficult to cure. Main focus is on trying to get blood
cells back to normal levels.
Some of the most common ways to do this are:
 Chemotherapy: Powerful medications are used to kill extra
blood cells in body.
 Radiation therapy: High-powered X-rays or other types of
radiation can lower the number of blood cells and may
relieve symptoms.
  Phlebotomy: A unit of blood can be removed in order to
decrease red blood cell counts.
 Gene therapy: New medications may be able to block or
repair the mutated gene that causes MPD.
 Hormone therapy: Certain hormones can extend the life of

normal blood cells or push bone marrow to make

more. Hormone therapy may also lessen some side effects
of MPD.
 Stem cell transplant: In a severe case of MPD, there might

be able to have a stem cell transplant. During this

procedure, healthy bone marrow from a donor is
transferred to affected one. This is the only treatment that
has the potential to cure MPD, but it’s not for everyone.
 Clinical trials: These studies test new cancer treatments to

see if they work well or better than what’s already being

used.
 Watchful waiting: If MPD is very mild and have no

symptoms, may also suggest wait to start any treatment.

Some cases are fine for several years with only a
daily aspirin to prevent blood clots.

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Nothing is Impossible; the word itself

says “I'm possible”

—Audrey Hepburn.