Risman Yusuf

2201801522
LD43
Traffic Engineering
Artificial Intelligence Enabled IoT: Traffic Congestion Reduction in Smart Cities
Abstract
Artificial intelligence empowers agents to perceive the surrounding environments leading to take
calculative decisions, followed by performing efficient actions in order to maximizing the chances of
successfully accomplishing a desired task or goal. In this research, we combine both IoT and AI to
reduce traffic congestions in a smart city environment. Future directions of the research has also been
identified and advocated.
Introduction
In fact, traffic congestion problem is more apparent in third world countries due to lack of proper
infrastructures. Traffic congestions causes high consumptions of fuel which not only increases
expenditure for communication but also pollutes the environment. Due to traffic congestions, a
considerable amount of working hours are wasted and production costs are increased. With the advent
of smart cities that make use of advances in technology, it has become possible to combat this
problem using satellite and computer technology to re-route vehicles from highly congested roads to
less congested ones.
Moreover, technology is on its way towards a smart world where driver-less autonomous vehicles
could be used on a large scale. These vehicles are usually supplied with intelligent devices to collect
required data regarding the traffic density in various roads which allows these vehicles to intelligently
decide the best routes to follow to reach the destination. In this paper we consider how to model and
analyze traffic system which is prone to congestion in order to find suitable re-routing strategy that
minimizes the traffic congestion. We make the sensible assumption that vehicles don’t violate traffic
rules, and that one vehicle doesn’t know the other vehicles’ travel plans.
Moreover, we assume that vehicles run at a speed preferred by the respective drivers as long as this
doesn’t violate traffic lows as stated earlier. In our proposed traffic model for smart city, objects on
the roads, such as traffic signs, electric poles, traffic signals and so forth, are equipped with IoT
devices collecting traffic related information e. numbers of cars passing through that road, amount of
traffic congestions, average speed, anomaly in the traffic pattern and existence of ambulance, fire
engine or any other law-enforcement vehicles.
IoT in Smart Cities
IoT enabled Smart City is growing interests amongst researchers and industry professionals as it may
push many government agencies to invest in ICT infrastructures for administrating public affairs in a
more efficient, transparent and secure environment. In fact, there is no formal definition of «Smart
City». A following figure demonstrates a wellorganized, IoT enabled «Smart City». In this section,
we present a traffic congestion reduction example for smart city.
Once a congestion is sensed, the system makes use our algorithm to re-route the cars in a balanced
way to bring the traffic back to normal. Based on the current traffic congestions scenario, our
algorithm calculates the best alternative route and instructs the drivers accordingly to clear the
congestions.
These devices may even get connected to using freely available WiFi hotspot at the signals or any
other means of wireless communication. The backend AI algorithm will then calculate the shortest
possible path to the destination with optimization and load balancing so that new congestions are not
being created due to the re-routed traffic Live updates of the current congestions are being transmitted
to the IoT devices of the cars on driving through other roads leading to road «A».

Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

The basic planning algorithm employed is A* , which is a search algorithm and finds a path from a
given source to a given goal depending on a given cost function. The algorithm works by finding the
best route on a macro level and then expanding the graph to obtain best sub-goals for the final
solution.
We view the map of a city as a graph where two nodes vk and vj are connected if there is a road
connecting these two nodes.

Which result in the following augmented matrix that can be solved by the gauss jordan to find the
values of the variables X1 to X4.
Conluding Discussions
The paper has presented a concrise literature review on IoT, AI and smart cities. It has shown how AI
enabled IoT ecosystem can provide services in smart cities. It has also discussed the problems craeted
by traffic congestions in smart cities, to eliminate these problems. Future research directions were also
identified.
Reference :
Soomro, S., Miraz, M. H., Prasanth, A., & Abdullah, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence
enabled IoT: traffic congestion reduction in smart cities.