THAI BASIC COURSE Volume 1 This work was compiled and pub- lished with the support of the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, United States of America. WARREN G. YATES and ABSORN TRYON FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1970 DEPARTMENT OF STATEFOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Edited by AUGUSTUS A. KOSKI For ale by the Superintendent of Dacuments, U.S. Government Printing Ofice ‘Washington, D.C. 2602 Prien $8.09,PREFACE The FSI Thai Basic Course, Volumes | and Il, provides introductory materials in modem spoken Thai for the student who wants to learn to s peak and understand the language used by an estimated 20 to 22 million people in Thailand. The programmed introduction to Thai phonology which occupies the first 25 poges of Volume I is the work of Warren G. Yates, chairman of the Department of East Asian Languages at the Foreign Service Institute. Dr. Yates and Absorn Tryon, Thai language instructor at FSI, are co-authors of the 40 lessons comprising the core of the course, In the early stages of the project Richard B. Noss, then chairman of the FSI Depart- ment of East Asian Languages made valuable suggestions. The authors have made extensive use of Dr. Noss’s Thai Reference Grammar in the preparation of these volumes, and users will find that they are often referred to it for fuller explanations. Mr. Prapas Kanchanandul contributed drills and assisted in matters of Thai language usage. Mrs. Tryon re-read the entire text of both volumes in Thailand in late 1969 and suggested changes to make the materials current, Mrs. Phongchan Nabangchang collected and organized the items in the glossaries which appear at the end of wach Lesson and the comprehensive glossary for both volumes which appears at the end of Volume J. Irma C. Ponce typed the camera copy of the entire text while Miss Chotchai Kambhu, Mr. Prasert Crupiti and Mr. Thaworn Timreivat assisted in proofreading, having previously participated in the classroom trials of the new. materials in precpublicetion form. Thai language textual material teas tape recorded in the FSI Language Laboratory under the direction of Gary Alley with technical assistance from Jose M. Ramirez and Arthur Young. The Foreign dervice Institute gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance of the U.S. Office of Education which has made the preparation and publication of these R fail flames R. Frith, Dean School of Language Studies Foreign Service Institute Department of State iiiTHAI BASIC COURSE TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 PREFACE Setter eect pee eee ree eee eae eet a2 INTRODUCTORY SECTION Introduction .....esseeeeeeeeeeeene x Organization and Use of This Course . xd Instructions to the Student on Use of Programmed Introduction to Thai Phonology xiv Programmed Introduction to Thai Phonology . xvi Reference Chart of Special Symbols Used in Thai Basic COUrS€ .eseseseeeeserees aerate eee xxxvil LESSON 1. BASIC DIALOG 1 Notes on the Basic Dialog 1 Grammar Notes eee 2 1. The Personal Pronouns ...... 2 2. Word Order in the Sentence ........s6+ 2 3. The Question Word tryy! 2 4, Final Polite Particles ..... ee DRILLS sseseeeeeee a aoe 3 EXERCISES ......005 5 VOCABULARY . 6 LESSON 2. BASIC DIALOG «.+sseeeeeeeee : 7 Notes on the Basic Dialog eee eS Grammar Notes sseseseeeeee . 8 1. The Question Word 'araj! .. e 8 2. Use of 'ch&@j mj ?! in Confirmation . : 9 3. Use of 'm&j ch€j! in Disagreement - 9 4, Responding to Questions with '!r¥y! eee DRILLS Boog - 10 EXERCISES erro) VOCABULARY . see eeee 17 CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS cael LESSON 3. BASIC DIALOG ...-.+--+e0e peer 20 Notes on the Basic Dialog 21 Grammar Notes 21THAI BASIC COURSE 1. Stative Verbs ..... 2. Omission of the Subject . 3. Negation of the Verb .. 4, Use of the Question Word ima! 5 6 T 'Plurality! in the Noun .. ‘jaa! in Negative Request . ‘fi, n€n, ndon' in Verbless "Sentences 8. tr¥y! in Negative Questions .... DRILLS ... aoe ae EXERCISES : cee WOCABULARVEC EEE EEEee Eee EEE EEE EEE EE ee Eee Ee EE eer E creer LESSON 4. BASIC DIALOG Grammar Notes , 1. Use of Unit Classifiers ..... 00 2. The Classifier Phrase as a Noun Replacement. . 3. 'khSon! Used to Indicate 'Possession! .... 4, The Position of 'tkhraJ! in the Sentence .. 5. How to Express 'Being! DRILLS .. B00 EXERCISES VOCABULARY . LESSON 5. BASIC DIALOG Notes on the Basie Dialog Grammar Notes 7 1. Ways of Expressing Negation .... 2. pen jannaj Meaning "What is 1t like to DRILLS seveee . EXERCISES .. ao coer oer icc 3:11 F409 cop cODD ODO BO BDODOUBOODOOBOOBBSR 060000 aeeer LESSON 6. BASIC DIALOG Grammar Notes ... cay as an Intensifier of Stative Verbs . kn with Noun Phrases and Verb Phrases Verbs with Obligatory Complements Terms Used to Refer to People Words Relating to Names of Cities and Countries Another Use of khraj - : : AU FURYTHAI BASIC COURSE DRILLS .. EXERCISES . COMPREHENSION TEST. VOCABULARY ...+eee5 LESSON 7. BASIC DIALOG Notes on the Basic Dialog . Grammar Notes 1. kheaj to Indicate Past Experience paj + Place Expressions - Lack of Verb Inflection .... Omission of Subject Pronoun : Sentence + daj to Indicate 'possibility tsuitability! ..... 6. Sentence + pen to Indicate lability to perform some activity! ....... 7. Use of mneed + pen / gal DRILLS « EXERCISES . VOCABULARY . eee Map of Thailand Showing Some Provinces . Wrwn LESSON 8. BASIC DIALOG «+++ Grammar Notes ..... 1. Compounds . 2, juu + Place Expressions tee 3. Responses to thamnaan ara ...... 4, Difference between pa, i n&j and paj thtingy DRILLS Meee eee E ee EXERCISES ... VOCABULARY .. LESSON 9. BASIC DIALOG ... Grammar Notes .. seveees 1. Means of Indicating 'Time! and taspect! of the Verdier rere etitrt eeeeerty eee 2. Function of the Question Words GRAMMAR DRILLS . EXERCISES ... VOCABULARY .. vi 109 110 113 115 15 115 118 118 118 118 129 130 135 135 135 137 139 156 158THAI BASIC COURSE LESSON 10. BASIC EPISODE Questions on Basic Episode . DRILLS .. EXERCISE ... VOCABULARY . LESSON 11. BASIC DIALOG Grammar Notes . 1. Use of kan to Indicate twutuality! and TPlurality! ..sseseeeeee Serer erence . araj, knraj, and n&J as Indefinite Pronouns 2 3. NUMETAlS sseeeeeeeeecerereenerserencseserees 4, thi with Included Modifiers or Specifiers 5. yn yyn as a Pluralizer ....... : DRILLS ...+ core EXERCISES . VOCABULARY .....+66 LESSON 12. BASIC DIALOG ....+++4- Notes on the Basic Dialog . Grammar Notes ...++..+ 1. Ordinal Numbers ..... 2. r€ek as a Number « 3. Ordinal Numbers After Classifiers 4, Expressing 'Age! . 5. léew and jan to Express State o: 6. Jan maj... Versus jan maj daj.. 7. Position of Classifier Phrases Referring to Pronoun Subject ..sssseeeeeee eet DRILLS « : EXERCISES Do meee VOCABULARY «eeseeeeee Beene LESSON 13. BASIC DIALOG ....+- Notes on the Basic Dialog . Grammar Notes ....... eee 1. lik... ca for Future Time -- 2. paj as an Indicator of Excess with chaa and ew DRILLS «..+++ EXERCISES VOCABULARY .. vil 160 160 161 170 170 171 172 172 ive 173 174 175 175 188 189 191 192 193 193 193 194 194 194 195 195 195 212 212 215 215 216 216 216 217 229 231THAI BASIC COURSE LESSON 14. BASIC DIALOG .... Grammar Notes «s+... 1. klaj and k1aj .. 2. Extent of Distance Constructions +++++ 3. mii Indicating ‘existence! .. a DRILLS EXERCISES VOCABULARY LESSON 15. BASIC DIALOG ..... 7 Questions on the Interview EXERCISES .... VOCABULARY ... LESSON 16. . BASIC DIALOG . DRILLS EXERCISES . VOCABULARY LESSON 17. BASIC DIALOG Grammar Notes ....+.+- Beeer Beers 1. paj / maa used to Indicate Direction of 2. Prepositions in Compounds ... DRILLS .... EXERCISES . VOCABULARY LESSON 18. BASIC DIALOG .. Notes on the Basic Dialog Grammar Notes Sentence Embedding DRILLS ..+. EXERCISES . VOCABULARY LESSON 19. BASIC DIALOG .... Grammar Drills .. EXERCISES . VOCABULARY 233 234 234 235 235 236 254 254 257 259 260 260 262 263 273 274 276 276 277 e277 286 286 290 291 291 291 293 306 308 310 310 317 318THAI BASIC COURSE LESSON 20. BASIC EPISODE .....-.-+ Questions on the Basie Episode . EXERCISES ..see-eessseeeeeee 7 VOCABULARY +s esesscerecesssersserersereceesee eee eee TEXT GLOSSARY .-+-.e--seeeeeeeee Peer rere rere eee eeeerersy a ix 319 320 322 323THAI BASIC COURSE INTRODUCTORY SECTION Introduction This is the first volume of a three-volume course designed to teach Standard Thai. Standard Thai is the national spoken lan~ guage of Thailand and is the dialect of educated speakers of Bangkok and Central Thailand. Standard Thai in spoken and written form is known to some extent by nearly all Thais. There are ap- proximately 20 million speakers. ‘The materials contained in the first two volumes consist of the following: (1) A Programmed Introduction to Thai Phonology, (2) A standard text of 40 lessons, and (3) A text glossary. Not included in the text but considred to be an integral part of the course are a series of tapes consisting of taped portions of the text and other supplementary materials. These materials were designed to be used in a course of instruction where the main focus is on teaching the student to speak and understand Thai. This is not to say that reading and writing should be ignored, but that additional materials would be required for that purpose. Basic to the approach recommended by the authors of this text are the following tenets: (1) In the classroom only Thai should be spoken. (2) The teacher should be either a native speaker of Thai, or a non-native with excellent control of the language. (3) Every effort should be made to make the instruction both in and out of class approximate 'real! use of the language. (4) The use of audio-visual devices of all kinds (charts, films, objects, etc.) is encouraged, but they must be used in such a way as to function as an integrated part of the instruction and not just as an interesting appendage.THAI BASIC COURSE (5) Language learning is a largely a function of the student!s interest, motivation, and applications therefore, every effort should be made to interest and motivate him to make the requisite effort to learn the language. Next to the student, the language teacher is the most important element in the learning process; it is, therefore, imperative that the teacher not be restricted to following slavishly any particular course of study. With this in mind we encourage Thai language instructors to look upon this text and the accompanying tapes as useful devices which may be modified as required and should in no sense be thought of as the sole or even the main instruments for teach- ing Thai. ORGANIZATION AND USE OF THIS COURSE 1, Basic Dialog There is a basic dialog at the beginning of each lesson. It consists of a limited number of exchanges between two or sometimes more persons. It represents a somewhat modified version of a 'real! dialog, since hesitation phenomena, false starts, and other features regularly occurring in real speech have been eliminated. It does present what two educated Thal speakers might say in a given situation if they were being particularly careful to avoid the features referred to above. If the student has memorized the dialogs, he will have a store of language that is readily available when needed (assuming he is in a situation comparable to that of a particular dialog). It is, therefore, suggested that some time be spent for this purpose. Most of this time should be outside of the classroom with the tape recorder, since different students memorize at different rates, and if many class hours are used for this purpose, it will prove very boring to quick learners and very frustrating to slow ones. xtTHAI BASIC COURSE 2. Notes There are three kinds of notes in this text: notes on the dialog, vocabulary notes, and grammar notes. Notes on the dialog present some information that is useful for understanding the dialog. It is often cultural. Vocabulary notes are used to explain the meaning of a word in somewhat greater depth than is included in the lesson glossary. Grammar notes provide a general understanding of Thai grammar. They are written in such a manner as to be useful to even the most linguistically unsophisticated learner. All types of notes should be read and studied outside of class. If some points are still unclear, the instructor may clarify further by giving additional examples, paraphrasing, or by explaining in Thai. Drills The drills in this textbook are for the purpose of providing an opportunity for the student to isolate a particular feature (grammatical or semantic) of the language and to practice it in a limited context until he understands well how to use it and can say it with good fluency and pronunciation. It should be clearly understood that drills of any kind are simply devices for actuating practice having a particular focus and with a limited objective, and as such they do not represent Treal communication! in language no matter how cleverly they are arranged; therefore, the instructor should be constantly alert to signs of boredom and should switch to a different type of activity before that point is reached. All this is not to say that drills do not have a place in language teaching. It is probable that a certain number of drills are very helpful if not absolutely indispensable in learning to speaking language well. Various kinds of drill (substitution, transformation, etc.) are found in this textbook. In most cases it is obvious from the format of the drill what procedure (substitution of an item in a sentence, rearrangement of a sentence, expansion of a sentence or phrase, etc.) is called for. In those instances where it might not be clear, special instructions are provided. xALTHAI BASIC COURSE 4, Exercises ‘Exercises! (as the term is used in this textbook) are dis- tinguishable from drills mainly by the type of response they elicit. Drills are designed to elicit one particular response and any other response (even if it is correct in form and meaning) is unacceptable; whereas, the only requirement in an exercise is that the response conform logically with the original vequest (i.e. 4f you are asked where a certain building is, you don't respond with a description of it instead). The exercises in any particular lessons in this text have two basic purposes: to provide (1) a setting in which communication of a restricted kind can take place and (2) a means for the in- structor to test the ability of the students to use the material in the lesson in more realistic situations. The exercises in the lessons are an especially important part of the lesson and should be done at the end of the lesson. If students are unable to perform well the tasks presented to them, the instructor should review any parts of the lesson that seem necessary for successful completion of those tasks. In no case should students go to the next lesson until they can do the exercises easily, rapidly, and correctly. 5. Lesson and Text Glossaries At the end of each lesson there is a list of all words occur- ving for the first time in that lesson and at the end of the volume there is a complete list of words in the first volume. All entries are listed in alphabetical order (English alphabet) and are written in a phonemic transcription using Roman letters. With each noun 1s its unit classifier. A limited number of the more useful noun and verb compounds are included. ‘wo examples are given belo} mSo (khon) ...... doctor (medical) khaw paj ...... to enter (away from the speaker) Khaw maa ...... to enter (towards the speaker) xdidTHAI BASIC COURSE 6. Taped Material Besides the tapes which form a major part of the Programmed Introduction to Thai Phonology, there are tapes of various kinds that accompany each lesson. The dialogs and most of the essential drills are recorded on the lesson tapes; however, they are re- corded in such a manner as not to be an exact duplicate of the way in which the drill will be conducted in class, since the purpose of the tapes is to supplement not replace classroom work. Special pronunciation drills and remarks are included on the tapes. INSTRUCTIONS TO THE STUDENT ON USE OF PROGRAMMED IWTRODUCTION TO THAI PHONOLOGY The purpose of this material is to acquaint you with the significant features of the Thai sound system. ‘Significant! as used here refers to those features which distinguish words; for example, in English the words sit and set are distinguished only by the quality of the two vowelsy therefore, we can say that vowel quality is significant in English (i.e. if you say sit instead of set, you may be misunderstood.) It is, therefore, important that you learn to hear and produce vowel quality. On the other hand, 1t doesn't matter whether you pronounce the vowel in hit long or short. You may find 1t a little harder to under- stand a Southerner who pronounces hit with a slightly longer vowel than you do, but you will not confuse 1t with heat, which has different vowel quality. We can see then that vowel quality 1s significant, but vowel length isn't in English. The significant features of the Thai sound system referred to here relate to contrasts in pitch contour, length of vowels and diphthongs, aspiration of consonants, and syllable prominence. In addition to the sound features referred to, you will be taught to read and write the special phonetic transcription which is used in the Thai Basic Course that follows this instruction. The following procedure should be used with these materials: (1) Put tape 1 of the Programmed Introduction on the tape recorder and proceed through it carrying out the instructions you hear on the tape. You will xiv(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) THAI BASIC COURSE not need to refer to the text except for those portions of the material where you are asked to read or write something. When you are asked to write something, write it in the text and check your answers. If you need more time than 1s provided on the tape for checking your answers, stop the machine. If at any time in the program, you are confused about something, stop the tape, rewind it and listen to that particular part again. Although the program was designed primarily for use before beginning lesson one in the text, all of it or parts of it can be used profitably at later stages in the course as well. It 1s suggested that you do not work for longer periods of time than 30 minutes. Take a short break, and then return. All of the tapes can be completed in one day. Since almost all of the material is only on tape, it would be clearly impossible to do the program without the tapes and a tape recorder. xvTHAI BASIC COURSE A PROGRAMMED INTRODUCTION TO THAI PHONOLOGY (Student's Text) Part I is on Tape only. Part II, Section 1, Frames 1-10, are on Tape only.? Frame Content ul Observe the way this word is written in the special writing system used in this book: phaa 12 The 'ph! is used to represent the initial consonant in the word, which sounds like the tp! in 'pat! in English. The taa! stands for ‘long at, which sounds like tah! in 'fathert. 13 Observe the way this word 1s written. Notice particularly the symbol above the vowels. phaa 14 The that! or tcircumflex accent! over the first vowel is used to indicate that the vowel is pronounced with a high falling pitch contour. 15 Pronounce this word 3 times: ph@a After each attempt listen to the tape for confirmation. The only ‘frames! that are written out in this text are those where you are asked to look at how something is writtens otherwise, the content of the frame is voiced only. 2. You will be notified by the tape when you are to refer to the written text. Be sure to cover the answer when doing a written frame. xviFrame 16 17 Answers: 18 Answers: 19 20 a1 22 Answers: THAI BASIC COURSE Content If no mark is written Above the vowel, that is indication that the word is to be pronounced with a mid level pitch contour. Listen to the pronunciation of phaa. Listen to the pronunciation of the following words and write a mark above the vowel when necessary: (1) phaa (2) phaa (3) phaa (4) phaa (5) phaa (1) ph@a (2) phaa (3) phaa (4) ph&a (5) phéa Listen to the following words and write them in the Thai transcription in the spaces below: Q) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) phaa (2) ph@a (3) phaa (4) ph@a (5) phaa This word has low rising pitch. It is written phia. The mark /~/ is written above the vowel to indicate that 1t 1s to be pronounced with a low rising pitch contour. Read the following words. Check your response by the Tape. (1) ph&a (2) phaa (3) ph@a (4) phaa (5) phaa (6) ph¥a Put the tone markers on the following words after they are pronounced on the tape. (1) phaa (2) phaa (3) phaa (4) phaa (5) phaa (6) phaa (7) phaa (8) phaa (1) ph@a (2) ph¥a (3) phaa (4) pha (5) ph&a (6) ph¥a (7) phaa (8) ph&a xvidFrame 23 Answers: THAI BASIC COURSE Content Transcribe the following words: (1) (2) (3) (6) (7) (8) (1) ph&a (2) phaa (3) pha (6) phaa (7) ph@a (8) phaa (4) (5) (9) (10) (4) ph&a (5) ph@a (9) ph¥a (10) pha Part II Section 1, Drills, Frames 1-17 are on tape only. Frame 18 19 Answers: Content This time look at the words below as they are read on the tape. Note carefully how they are written in the special writing system. (2) naa (2) n¥a (3) Jaa (6) m¥a (7) phaa (8) maa (11) khaa (12) 18a (13) daa (16) thaa (17) nfa (18) ph@a This time write the words you in the spaces below using the system: (1) (2) (3) (6) (7) (8) (12) (12) (13) (16) (17) (18) (1) phfa (2) maa (3) th¥a (6) f%a (7) haa (8) pha (11) kh¥a (12) laa (13) h&a (16) saa (17) th¥a (18) khaa xviit (4) nh@a (5) khfa (9) s&a (10) tha@a (14) baa (15) waa (19) h¥a (20) saa hear on the tape special writing (4) (5) (9) (10) (14) (15) (19) (20) (4) b@a (5) khfa (9) n@a (10) thaa (14) n@a (15) phaa (19) h@a (20) miaTHAI BASIC COURSE Part II Section 2, Frames 1-10 are on Tape only. Frame oe Answers: Content The symbol / “/ above the vowel 1s used to indicate High pitch contour. Put the correct tone marker above the vowel in the words below: (1) chaan (2) maa (3) laan (4) khaa (1) chéan (2) méa (3) ldan (4) khda Part II, Section 2, Frames 12-20 are on Tape only. 21 Answer: 22 Answers? 23 Indicate the pitch contour of the following words by writing / “/for high falling pitch; / ‘/ for High; and nothing for mid level. (1) khaan (2) khaan (3) khaan (4) khaan (5) khaan {1) kh@an (2) khdan (3) khaan (4) kh@an (5) khdan Listen to these words and transcribe them below! (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) khdan (2) khan (3) khaan (4) khdan (5) khan (6) khaan (7) khdan (8) kh&an Read the following words and listen to the tape for pronunciation check: (1) khdan (2) khaan (3) kh@an (4) khaan (5) kh@an (6) khdan (7) khédan (8) kha@an xixTHAI BASIC COURSE Part II, Section 2 Drills, Frames 1-9 are on Tape only. Frame 10 coe Answers: Content Read the following words: (1) khéa (2) nfan (3) ph@at (4) mia (5) waa (6) thda (7) khéan (8) mfak Write the words you hear below: Q) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) ph@a (2) ndam (3) mia (4) tha (5) 14a (6) nda (7) m@ak (8) khdan Part II, Section 3, Frames 1-5 are on Tape only. 6 7 Answers 8 10 11 Answer: This word is written as follows phit Write this word: phit This word is written phf{t What is the pitch contour on this word? Do these two words sound the same? Do these two words sound the same? True or false? The symbol /*/ is used to indicate low pitch contour. TrueTHAI BASIC COURSE Frame Content 12 The symbol / ’/ 1s used to indicate high falling pitch contour, True or false? Answer: True 13 /ph/ 1s used to transcribe a sound that is like the 'p! in the English word pit. ‘True or false? Answer: True Frames 14-17 are on Tape only. 18 This word is written kh@at 19 This word is written khaat 20 Transcribe this word: Answer: kh@at 21 Transcribe this word: Answer. khaat 22 Pronounce these words after the taper (1) phit (2) kh@at (3) khaat (4) phft (5) khaat (6) phit (7) phf{t (8) kh@at (9) phft (10) khaat 23 Read these words. Check your responses with the tape. (1) phit (2) kh@at (3) khaat (4) phft (5) khaat (6) phit (7) pnft (8) kh@at (9) ph{t (10) khaat Part II, Section 3, Frames 24-30 are on Tape only. 31 Read the words below: (1) phaa (2) mXa (3) thaan (4) th¥am (5) thaan (6) kh¥an (7) n&am (8) nda xxiTHAI BASIC COURSE Frame Content 32 Write the words you hear in the space below: (2) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Answers: (1) phaan (2) mfa (3) phaa = (4) khan (5) n&a (6) phaat (7) th¥a (8) thaan Part III, Section 1, Frames 1-23 are on Tape only. 24 In the special phonetic alphabet used in the Thai Basic Course, aspirated t 1s written th (The h star stands for aspiration). 25 How would you write this word in the special alphabet? Answer: tha Frames 26-36 are on the Tape only. 37 The word meaning teyet is written taa in the special phonetic alphabet. 38 Write these words in a phonetic transcription as you hear them. 1. 2. 3. 4 5 Te Answers: 1. taa 2. thaa 3. thaa 4. taa 5. taa 6. thaa 7. taa 8. thaa xxiiTHAI BASIC COURSE Part III, Section 1 Drill, Frames 1-10 are on Tape only. Frame 11 12 Answerss 13 Answers: Content Listen to the following words as they are pronounced on the tape: (1) thaa (2) taa (3) tau (5) tat (6) that (7) taa (9) taan (10) thaan (11) tii (13) thaa (14) t44 (15) t@u (17) thaan (18) ti Listen to a series of Thai words. begins with an aspirated t, write (4) (8) (22) (26) thau thaa thai thau If a word th in the space beside 1ts numbers if it begins with an unaspirated t, write t after its number. ile 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10. 1. t 2. th 3.6 4. th 5. 6. th 7. th 8. th 9.t 10. t t Transcribe the words you hear in the spaces below: 5G 3. 5. 6. 7 9. 10. 1. 13. 14, 15. 1. taa 2. thaan 3. taan 4. 6. thi 7. too 8. tit 9. 11. tif 12. thaan 13. thaa 16. taa xxiii 4 8. 12. 16. thaa 5. thaan thoo 10. taa taan 15. thaanTHAI BASIC COURSE Part III, Frame Section 2, Frames 1-4 are on Tape only. Content It begins with an unaspirated t (it doesn't have a puff of air after it) and it 1s written tii in the special alphabet. Frames 6-8 are on ‘Tape only. 9 It begins with @ and is written dii Frames 10-14 are on Tape only. 15 Answers Part III, 6 Answers Identify the following words by writing a, t, or th in the blank by their numbers, after you hear them on tape. QQ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) lead 2. th 3. th 4 t 5.4 6. th 7.d 8.6 9. th 10.4 Section 3, Frame 1-5 are on Tape only. This word is written phaa-. The 'h! after the tp! shows that the 'p! is aspirated. Does this word begin with an 'aspirated p!? How would you write this word?: phaa xxivTHAI BASIC COURSE Frames 9-18 are on Tape only. 19 20 21 Answers: Part III, 1 Answers: 12 The word meaning ‘father's elder sister! 1s written p&a in the special writing system used in the text. Listen to it. The word meaning "cloth! is written phaa You will now hear several repetitions of these two words. As you hear each one, write it in transcription in the space below: 2. 3. 4 6. 7 8. (1) pa (2) paa (3) pha (4) pda (5) ph@a (6) ph@a (7) paa (8) ph&a Section 3 Drill, Frames 1-10 are on Tape only. Listen to a series of Thai words. If a word begins with an aspirated p, write ph in the space beside its number; if it begins with an unaspirated p, write p after its number. 2 3. 4a 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. p 2. ph 3. ph 4. ph 5. p 6. ph 7. p 8. p 9. ph 10. p Listen to the following words as they are pronounced on the tape: 1. paaj 2. phu 3. paa 4. pala 5. paa 6. pau 7. phaan 8. phaa 9. ph@a 10. phaan ll. paan 12. ph&a 13. phaan 14. pii 15. ph¥i xxvTHAI BASIC COURSE Frame Content 13 Write the words you hear in the phonetic transcrip- tion in the spaces below: 1 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. ll. 12. 13. ade 15. Answers: 1. phaa 2. paa 3. ph@a 4. paan 5. phaan 6. paa 7. phaa 8. phaa 9. paa 10. paa 1l. phda 12. pQu 13. phdu 14. paaj 15. phaa Part III, Section 4, Frames 1-8 are on Tape only. 9 Read the following words and check your readings with the tape. (1) pfa (2) baa (3) paa (4) b&a (5) paa 10 A pair of words will be spoken, if they sound the same, say 'Samet;” if different, say 'Different!. n Look at the following words as they are read on the tape. Notice in particular the tone marks above the vowels; (1) pit (2) baj (3) baan (4) paak (5) paan (6) paa (7) baa (8) baan (9) paa (10) bit (11) paa xxviFrame 12 Answers: Noter Part III, 3 Answers: THAI BASIC COURSE Content Write the words you hear on the tape in the spaces below: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (20) 1. pa 2. baa 3. pda 4. baa 5. paa 6. ba@an 7. paan 8. b&an 9. paat 10. paak If you didn't get most of them right including the correct tone mark, use a clean piece of paper and repeat the drill, as well as frame 11 above. Section 4 Drill, Frames 1 and 2 are on Tape only. Read the words below. Check with the tape for pronunciation. (1) baan (2) pet (3) baat (4) phdu (5) ph&n (6) baa (7) pia (8) phaa (9) paan (10) baan (11) b@an (12) phat (13) paa (14) plaa (15) paag Write the words you hear in transcription below: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (1) paa (2) phéa (3) baan (4) paa (5) pen (6) phaa (7) b@a (8) phaan (9) phit (10) plaa xxvitTHAI BASIC COURSE Part III, Section 5, Frames 1-7 are on Tape only. Frame Content 8 In transcription aspirated k is writthen kh. The th! stands for the air stream. Write the symbol for the initial sound in these words: (1) (2) (3) (4) Answers To all 4: kh Frames 9-12 are on Tape only. 13 Unaspirated k is written 'k!. In the spaces below write the symbol for the initial consonant sound in these words: (2) (2) (3) (4) Answer: In each case is k. Frames 14-17 are on Tape only. 18 Idsten to these words. If a word begins with aspirated k, write kh opposite its number; if unaspirated k, write k. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Answers: 1. kh, 2. k, 4. kh, 5. k, 6. kh 19 Read the words below. Check your responses with the tape: (1) kaap (2) knit (3) kin = (4) kaan (5) kap (6) k18j_— (7) khan (8) kOn (9) kaj (10) Khaat (11) kKhaa (12) k@an vilFrame 20 Answers: Part III, 10 11 12 13 THAI BASIC COURSE Content Write these words: QQ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (1) kaan (2) khaa (3) k@an (4) khap (5) kh@an (6) kh¥n (7) kaj (8) k@an (9) kh@an (10) klaj (11) khaat (12) kap Section 6, Frames 1-9 are on Tape only. The symbol ch is used to write the initial consonant in these words. The !c! indicates the sound is made at the hard palate ('the ceiling of the mouth!) and the th! indicates that there 1s a stream of air after the !c!, Write the initial consonant of these words in the spaces below: (1) (2) (3) (4) The answer in each case above is ch. (Don't forget: 'c! for tceiling! and 'h! for aspira- tion.) The initial sound in this Thai word 1s also made with the tongue on the hard palate (i.e. 'the ceiling! of the mouth). There is no aspiration after the initial consonant. This sound that 1s made at the hard palate and is without aspiration is written 'c!. Write the initial sound of these words in the space below: (2) (2) (3) (4) xxixTHAI BASIC COURSE Frame Content Anewers Q)e (2) (3)e (Ae Frames 14-19 are on Tape only. 20 Read the following words: (1) chat (2) cak (3) can (4) chan (5) chat (6) cuan (7) ch@aw (8) cet (9) cep (10) chap (11) caak (12) cat (13) chaa (14) can (15) cam a1 Write the following words in the spaces below: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (21) (12) (13) (14) Answers: (1) caak (2) cham (3) cet (4) chaat (5) chin (6) c&m (7) com (8) cdp (9) chon (10) chaan (11) edt (12) coom (13) caan (14) chat Part III, Section 7, Frames 1-3 are on Tape only. 4 You can hear the quality of this sound easily by saying ing several times. This sound is called a velar nasal and 4s written p in phonetic writing. Please observe that 9 is 1tke n with a long bent tail on it. 5 The velar nasal /n/ occurs finally in many English words (bring, sing, etc.) and it also occurs medial- ly in some words (singer, etc.), but it never occurs in initial position. XxXFrame Answers 8 10 coe 12 THAI BASIC COURSE Content This Thai word ends in a velar nasal like bring in English. What sound do these words end in? n The final sound in these words would be written /n/. True or false? These words end in a nasal sound also but not the velar nasal. Listen to these words. What is the final sound? Now you will hear some pairs of words. The first member of the pair ends in the velar nasaly the second, inn, Listen to the difference. The velar nasal occurs at the beginning of some Thai words. Listen to these examples: Contrast these words beginning with /n/ with those beginning with /n/. Frame 13-16 are on Tape only. 17 18 Answers: Read the following words: (12) naa (2) naan (3) naam (4) nan (5) nuu (6) néaj (7) naen (8) naj Write the following words: (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) naa (2) naam (3) n@aj (4) naj xxxTHAI BASIC COURSE Part III, Section 8, Frames 1-4 are on Tape only. Frame Content 5. If you said ‘an old oak! (with clear separation between old and oak), what you sald would be written phonetically as follows: gen owld ? owk (The symbol ? represents the glottal stop) Frames 6-9 are on Tape only. 10 Being careful to put a glottal stop at the end of each syllable, pronounce the following words when you hear the number: (2) nf (2) sh (3) phré (4) nd (5) mf (Note: The glottal stop symbol is not usually written after short vowels since its occurrence is predictable. ) Part III, Section 9, Frames 1-15 are on Tape only. 16 Listen to these words and write the final stops (p, t, or k) in the ‘space below: Q) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Answers: (1) p (2) t (3) k (4) p (5) k (6) & (7) k (8) p (9) p (10) xxxddTHAI BASIC COURSE Part III, Section 10, Frames 1-4 are on Tape only. Frame Content 5 Write the final sound of these words in the space below (use ? for glottal stop): (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Answers: 1. p 2.k 3.7 4%t 5.9 6 t 7 & 8.7 9. p 10. Frames 6-9 are on Tape only. 10 Write the final sound of these words below: (2) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Answers: 1. 4a 2.t 3.k 4. @a 5.p 6.k 7. p 8. fa 9. k 10. fa Part IV, Section 1, Frames 1-2 are on Tape only. 3 The diphthong is made up of two parts: a as in bah plus a glide like w It would be written /naw/ in phonetic transcription. Frames 4-6 are on Tape only. 7 The diphthong in this word could be written /aw/. The first part is a and the last part is a w glide. xxxdidFrame THAI BASIC COURSE Frames 8-10 are on Tape only. 11 12 Content The diphthong in this word could be written aaw. The first part is a long a and the second part is aw glide. The aa and the w glide are about equally loud but the aa is considerably longer than the w glide. This is called a long diphthong. Frames 13-18 are on Tape only. 19 20 Answers: Read the following words: (1) kh@w (2) chaaw (3) maw (4) plaaw (5) staw (6) caw (7) kaw (8) chdaw Write these words in the space below: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) kh¥aw (2) s@w (3) chdaw (4) 1€8w (5) n&aw (6) kh@aw (7) raw (8) khaw Part IV, Section 2. 1 2 This word ends in a diphthong. ‘The diphthong in this word is written /aj/ which means that it begins with an ah sound and ends with an tee! glide. The ah sound and the ee glide are about equally loud, but the ee glide 1s longer.THAI BASIC COURSE Frames 4-9 are on Tape only. Frame 10 Answers: Content The long diphthong in these words is written aaj. Write the words you hear below: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1. chaaj 2. daaj 3. naaj 4. thaaj 5. kh¥aj 6. baaj Frames 11-13 are on Tape only. 14 15 Answers: Read the words below and check your responses with the taper (1) pas (2) d&@j (3) chaaj, (4) nay (5) baaj (6) thag Write the words you hear below: (2) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) , (9) (20) l. naj 2. d@j 3. chaaj 4. kKlaaj 5. naj 6. kh¥aj 7. jaj 8. thaj 9. k1aj 10. baajTHAI BASIC COURSE Part IV, Section 3, Frames 1-14 are on Tape only. Frame Content 15 Read the following words: (1) caak (2) chan (3) fan (4) s%am (5) raéan (6) khan (7) thaan (8) 1%) (9) ph@ak (10) wan 16 Write the following words: (2) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Answers: 1. win 2. kh@an 3. taan 4. phan 5. ldan 6. naan 7. tham 8. daam 9. thaan 10. can Part V, Section 1, Frames 1-13 are on Tape only. Part V, Section 2, Frames 1-8 are on Tape only. 9 A syllable in Thai has 4 parts to it: an initial consonant, a vocalism, an optional final consonant and a pitch contour. Here are examples of each of the types of syllables: (a) Consonant plus long vowel (b) Consonant plus long vowel plus nasal (c) Consonant plus long vowel plus glide (a) Consonant plus long vowel plus stop (e) Consonant plus short vowel plus nasal (f) Consonant plus short vowel plus glide (g) Consonant plus short vowel plus stop Frames 10-14 are on Tape only. This is the end of The Programmed Introduction to Thai Phonology. xxv (phaa) (phaan) (faa) (haat) (phan) (pag) (at)THAI BASIC COURSE REFERENCE CHART OF SPECIAL SYMBOLS USED IN THAI BASIC COURSE When Thais write Thal they use the regular writing system, which 1s a rather complex system based on Sanscrit. After you have been studying the spoken language for 6 to 8 weeks, you will begin to learn to read in this system. Since it is fairly dif- ficult to learn regular Thai orthography, it 1s considered in- advisable to require you to learn it in addition to learning the spoken language at the beginnings therefore,a special system of transcription is used throughout the first volume of the Thai Basic Course. In this system regular Roman letters plus a few Phonetic symbols are used. ‘The system 1s completely regular, and you will learn to read it rather quickly. In fact, 1f you have already finished the Programmed Introduction, you may already know most of it. Please keep in mind that no writing system reflects accurately and precisely the sound system of a language, so rely on your ears and not on any written symbols (including the regular Thai orthography) for the pronunciation of Thai words and sentences. It will help you understand the summary of the transcription system that follows, if you are aware of 3 conventions that are used in it: (1) Vowel length is indicated by a doubling of the vowel symbol, (2) An th! after an initial consonant indicates that the consonant is 'aspirated', and (3) Pitch contours are indicated by placing certain kinds of symbols above vowels; thus ph&a refers to an taspirated p!, followed by "long a!, which has a thigh falling! pitch contour. REFERENCE CHART Symbol Usual English Approximate Pronunciation Letter b b similar to English b in Samba. P p (after s)) like the p in spy (no puff of air after p) oorvddTHAI BASIC COURSE Symbol, Usual English Approximate Pronunciation Letter ph P like the p in ple (puff of air after p) a a similar to English d in Sunday t t (after s) like the t in sty (no puff of air after t) th t like the t in tle (puff of air after t) k k (after s) like the k in ski kh k like the k in Korea c oe between English jet and Chet ch ch between ch in cheat and sh in sheet r r ras in red may be used (rarely occurs in Bangkok dialect) 1 1 1 as in long m n mas in ne h h h as in hen ft f£ fas in fun 8 8 5 as in see n n nas need n -ng (only final) like -ng in sing w w was in we Jj vi y as in yet xxxviilTHAI BASIC COURSE Symbol Usual English Approximate Pronunciation Letter 1 1 4 in sip a ee, ea ge as in see e e @ as in pet ee a, ay a as in made & a @ as in and ee a @ as in fan y 5 yin sugar is somewhat similar yy on eer a ee somewhat similar to -er in baker but shorter and without trl quality 22 . similar to @ but longer. British pronunciation of sir a u somewhat similar to u in fun aa a a as in father u 00 90 as in look uu ou ou as in you ° ° 9 as in cone but shorter 00 ° as in so 2 ee eer 20 aw aw as in law iw oO errs xoxTHAI BASIC COURSE Symbol Usual English Approximate Pronunciation Letter ew DD o eew a ae ew a oa aw ow ow as in cow aaw ow ow as in cow (longer than aw) uj. ee a 00) ee Pe oJ oy ‘oy as in toy 205 oy oy as in toy (longer than 0) aj yea yas in my aaj yea vy as in my (longer than aj) da ee, le, e ee as in beer (without r) ya ee oa ua 00 90 as in poor (without r) daw eo 20 as in Leo yajTHAI BASIC COURSE THAI TONE CHART The shapes, names and symbols used for five significant pitch contours in Thai are given below: Written e Examples: khaa khaa kh@a khéa kh&a Approximate _/* Pitch — Range Name of Mid Low High High Low Contour Level Falling Rising No Symbol ark \ J/\ / V4 xliTHAI BASIC COURSE LESSON ONE 1.0 BASIC DIALOG: Greeting Someone 1 or sawatdi1 khrap Hello. Khun Jvaajdii ry khrap How are you? B. ph&m sabaajdii khrap I'm fine. khdopkhun Thank you. 1éew khun la khrép And you? A. ph&m sabaajdii khrép I'm fine. NOTE ON THE DIALOG sawatdii is a very common salute in Thailand. It may be used for greeting someone or for leavetaking. It 1s usually ac- companied by a twat! (waj). The twai! is illustrated in the picture below. The height of the hands in the 'wait is in inverse ratio to the age and social position of the participants. In the picture below the woman is older and is of equal or higher social status than the man.THAI BASIC COURSE 1.2 GRAMMAR NOTES a) b) e) a) e) f) phdm, dich%n, khun, and kh&w are pronouns in Thai. ph&m means 'I' and is used by males only. dichén or dihdén (or in formal usage dich%n) means 'I! and is used only by females. khun is a polite form for 'you'. khéw (in slow distinct speech kh%w) means 'he, she, or they. sabaajdii1 'to be well, to be in good health! is a verb. The verb in Thai does not undergo changes in form, hence sabaajdii might be translated 'am, is, are fine! accord- ing to its subject. The subject precedes the verb in Thai, hence the sentence phdm sabaajdiiis the most common type of statement. Statements may be changed into questions by adding a question word at the end. Statement: khun sabaajdit "You are well. Question: hun sabaaidii r¥y ‘Are you well?! r¥y 1s a question word that 1s used to ask for verifica- tion. It may occur after words, phrases, or sentences. It 1s usually unstressed and may be pronounced in any of the following ways: When sentence final: l¥y, l8e, r¥y, rSe, 3e Before khrap (kha): ry, ly, 16, ré, 6, ¥ khrap (or khap) is a particle used as the final element of statements or questions. It indicates that the speaker 4s male. It 1s often pronounced ha? in rapid speech.8) THAI BASIC COURSE kh@ is a particle used as the final element of a statement. It indicates that the speaker is female. It may be pro- nounced ha in rapid speech. khé is similar in usage to kh@ except that it is used at ‘the end of a question. In rapid speech ha may be used instead of kha. ‘The omission of the polite particles khrdp, kh@, and kha. may result in rather abrupt-sounding or impolite speech; it is, therefore, advisable to put one in at least once in each utterance. léew ‘and! is used to connect sentences. léew (khun, khdw, ete.) la (khrép, kha) is a kind of echo type question; that 1s, 1t forms a question which is based on the previous statement. Statements phSm sabaajdil "I'm fine.t Echo question: léew khun la khra4p ‘And how are you?! GRAMMAR DRILLS a) Expansion Drill sabaaj (am) fine sabaajJ dil (am) fine phém sabaaj dii I (male) am fine. phém sabaaj dii khrap I (male) am fine. sabaaJ (am) fine sabaaj dit (am) fine dichén sabaaj dii I (female) am fine. dichan sabaaj dii kh@ I (female) am fine.THAI BASIC COURSE b) Substitution Drill Cue * Pattern ph&m sabaajdii khrap I am fine. khun khun sabaajdii khrap You are fine. khaw Khaw sabaajdii khrap He/she/they 1s/are fine. khun khun sabaajdii khrap You are fine. phdm phSm sabaajdii khrap I am fine. Repeat the drill using dichaén / kh@ for ph&m / khrap Substitution Drill Cue Pattern léew khun la khrdép And you? khéw 1éew khdw la khrap And he? khun léew khun la khrap And you? khaw léew khaw la khrap And they? khun 1éew khun la khraép And you? Substitution Drill Cue Pattern ph&m sabaajdii 1léew khun la khrap khéw ph8m sabaajdii léew khdw la khrép khun phdm sabaajdi1 léew khun la khrap khaw phém sabaajdii léew khaw la khrap Khun phém sabaajdi1 léew khun la khrap Repeat the drill using dichdn / khé for phim / khrdp.THAI BASIC COURSE ple e) Transformation Drill (Change into questions with r¥y) Statement Question khun sabaajdif Khun sabaajdii ryy Are you well? khdw sabaajdii Khaw sabaajdi1 ryy Is she well? khun sabaajdii hun sabaajdii r¥y Are you well? khéw sabaajdii = khaw sabaajdii ryy, Are they well? f) Dialog Variation Drill If there are female members of the class, repeat the basic dialog using female pronouns and polite words. EXERCISES a) Each person inquires about the health of the person next to him, to which that person replies that he is fine. b) The instructor asks each student how he is, and each student replies. ¢) Each student asks the instructor how he is, and the instructor responds. d) The instructor has student A ask student B how student C's health is, to which student B replies that it is good. (The instructor should continue this exercise until every student has asked and responded at least once.)THAI BASIC COURSE 1.5 VOCABULARY dich&n, dichén dit Kh&, ha kha, ha khSw, khaw khdopkhun khrap, ha?, khap Khun la léew phim ryy, ry, ly, y sabaajdii sawatdit I (female speaker) (to be) good polite particle, statement by a female polite particle, question by a female he, she; they (third person, singular and plural). It does not refer to things. thank you polite particle, used in statements and questions by males you (singular only) polite form question word and (sentence connective) I (male speaker) question word to feel well, be in ood health hello (used for greeting or leavetaking)THAI BASIC COURSE NOTE: BASIC DIALOG: Prabast John: Prabas: Jobni Prabas+ LESSON TWO sawatdi1 khrap phim chfy praph@at Kh¥othSot, khun chfy araj khrap. phim ch§y coon khrép khSothSot, khun chfy araj nakhrap karunaa ph@ut lik thit, 48) maj knrép ph&m chy coon khrap khSothSot, khun praphat naamsakun araj khraép ph3m naamsakun rakthaj khrép KhBothdot, khun coon naamsakun sam{t, ch@j maj khrép Finding Qut Someone's Name Hello. My name is Prabas. Excuse me. What's your name? My name's John. Excuse me. What's your name? Could you please repeat that? My name's John. Excuse me, Mr. Prabas what? (family name) My family name's Rakthai. Excuse me, Mr. John Smith, isn't it? For female members of the class use Mary (meerfi) and the appropriate pronouns and particles instead of John. If the instructor is female, maif may be used instead of praph@at with appropriate changes.THAI BASIC COURSE Johns m&j ch@j khrap No, it isn't. ph&m naamsakun braawn My family name's Brown. Prabast coon braaw r&ékhrap John Brown, huh? Johns khrép That's right. NOTES ON THE DIALOG a) ch§y means 'name! or 'to be named! but refers only to the first or given name. naamsakun means ‘family or last namet. kh¥othSot means ‘excuse me! or 'pardon me! and is used in the same way as the English words. karunaa means 'please, kindly...' and is followed by a request form. Aik thii 'again! means literally 'an additional time.t khun is a polite title that may be used with names of either sex. It 1s normally put before a person's given name, since that is the name that one is usually addressed by in Thailand. Khun aarii 'Miss Aree!, khun thXawoon 'Mr. Thawornt, khun nonkhraan 'Mrs. Nongkrant khun may be placed before the family names of foreigners, thus Khun braawn 'Mr. Brown!. 2.2 GRAMMAR NOTF3 a) The word ‘aj 'what?! occupies the same position in the sentence « the word it refers tor Question: khun chy araj 'What!s your name?! Answer: ph&m chfy coon ‘My name's John.!THAI BASIC COURSE b) e) When ch@j maj is added to a statement, it becomes a question. It is used when the speaker is seeking confirmation of something. It is very similar in usage to ry (see 1.2e) which 1t can replace in many situations. Questions khun chfy th%awoon, ‘Your name's Thaworn, chaj maj khrap isn't 1¢? Affirmative response: chaj khrap tyes, it is.! Negative responses mj ch8j khrdp 'No, it isntt.! If one wishes to disagree with a question with chfy and give additional information, it can be done in either of the following wayst Question: khun chy s&msak, Your name's Somsak, chaj maj khrap isntt it?! Negative response 1: maj ch@j khrép "No, it's not.! phim chfy prichaa? 'y name's Pricha.! maj chaj stmsak ‘It isn't Somsak.! Negative response 21 phim ch¥y prichaa ‘My name's Pricna.! phdm maj dj chfy "I'm not named sémsak Somsak.! Observe that mAj ch@j can occur before a name (a noun) but not before chjy (a verb). m&j d&j must be used before chfy. 1. Do not use contrastive stress as you would in English (My name's Prichaa. It isn't Somsak.'). 9THAI BASIC COURSE d) Questions ending with rjy are normally answered affirma- tively with khrap, which indicates that what the speaker assumed to be true is indeed true. Question: khun chy praphaat- tyou're named Prapas?! rykhrap Affirmative response: khrép ‘That's right.! The usual negative response to questions with r¥y is maj ghaj, thus Questions khun chfy priichaa '(Youtre) Pricha?! rykhrap Negative responser maj ch@j khrap 'No, I'm not.! (phBm... ch9y...) I'm... If one wishes to register strong disagreement with a rjy question, he may respond with plaaw. Question: khéw chy priichaa "He's named Pricha?! rykhrap Negative responses plaaw khrap, khaw maj 'No, he's not named aaj chfy priichaa Pricha. He's Somsak.t khéw chfy sdmsak 2.3 GRAMMAR DRILLS a) Expansion Drills araj araj khrap chfy araj khrép 10THAI BASIC COURSE Khun chfy araj khrap kh¥Sothdot, khun chfy araj khrap coon coon khrép eh§y coon khrap ph8m chfy coon khrap araj araj khraép ch9y araj khraép khdw chfy araj khrép afk afk khrép ehfy dik khrdp khéw chy dfk khrap b) Recognition and Familiarization Drills ap As KhSothSot, khun chfy araj khrap Johns ph&m chy coon khrép 2. A: khSoth@ot, khun chfy araj khrép Mary: dichan chfy meerf1 kha 3. A: kh¥othdot, khun ch9y araj khrap Bill: ph&m chfy bin khrap a Ar kh¥Sothdot, khun chfy araj khrap Georges phm chfy cdon khrép 5. A: kh¥othdot, khun chfy araj khrép Dick: ph&m chfy dik khrép lynenever masculine pronouns and polite forms occur, the instructor may replace them with the equivalent feminine forms. To save space generally only the masculine forms will be given. rr4) 8) THAI BASIC COURSE Response Drill The teacher asks the question khun chfy araj (What's your rame?) and each student responds with phém chfy — (My name is .) giving his correct name. Response Drill The teacher has each student address the following question to him: khun chfy araj and the teacher responds with his correct name. Response Drill Teacher asks each student the following question: kh¥o- thoot, khun chfy araj and each student responds with his correct name. phdm chy . Response Drill Pairs of students take turns asking and answering the question: khSothSot khun chfy araj Response Drill Each student asks another student his name using an incorrect name, to which the student responds by giving his correct name. Response Drill The following question is to be asked using the real names of the students: Question: khun ch9y (X), ch@j maj khrép? Answer: ch&j khrap, phm ch¥y (X) Response Drill Question: khun chfy (X), ch@j maj khrap Answer: m&j ch@j khrap, phim chfy (¥) 12THAI BASIC COURSE J) Response Drill The question following may be used with the correct or incorrect name of the student addressed. The answer given will depend on the question. Question: chun chfy (xX), ch@j maj khrap Answer: m&J ch@j khrap, phdm chfy (¥) ehaj khrap, ph&m ch9y (X). Drills h, 4, and J, may be repeated with kh¥othdot preceding each question if desired. k) Response Drill The teacher has each student address to him the question khun ch9y (X), ch@j maj using an incorrect name to which he gives the following response: m&j ch&j khrép That's not right, ph&m chfy (¥) my name is Y. maj ch€j (X) It isn't xX. or phim ch¥y (Y) My name is Y. ph$m m&j d&j chy (X) My name isn't x. 1) fransformation Drill (Use actual names of students.) Student 1 Student 2 phdm chfy coon sawatdii khrap, khun coon dichdn chfy meerfi sawatdii khrdép, khun meerfi or sawatdii kha, khun meerfi 13THAI BASIC COURSE Substitution Drill Have the students (in pairs) participate in short dialogs like the model below using their actual names: S-1: khun chfy araj khrap S-21 ph&m ch¥y coon S-1: coon r&khrdp maj ch@j cdoc r&khrap S-2: m@j ch@j khrdp Expansion Drill nakhrap araj nakhrap chfy araj nakhrap nakhrap araj nakhrap naamsakun araj nakhrap nakhrap araj nakhrép waa araj nakhrap phiut waa araj nakhrép khun ph@ut wa araj nakhrap 14 What's your name? My name's John. It's John, is it? It isn't George? No, it isn't. (Question) What? What 1s your name? (Question) What? What's your family name? (Question) What? What did (you) say? What did you say?THAI BASIC COURSE Progressive Substitution Drill Cue Pattern khun ehfy araj nakhrap khaw khaw chfy araj nakhrap naamsakun khdw naamsakun araj nakhrdp khSothSot, khun khSothSot, khun naamsakun araj nakhrdp Khun chy araj nakhrap khaw chfy araj nakhrap naamsakun khéw naamsakun araj nakhraép kh¥othdot, khun kh¥SothSot, khun naamsakun araj nakhrap choy. khun ch9y araj nakhrép Transformation Drill (Asking for repetitions) MODEL: Instructor: ph&m ch9y prapha@at khrap Studen kh¥othéot, khun chfy araj nakhrap karunaa ph@ut lik thit, d@j maj khrap Instructor: ph&m chfy praph@at khrap Cue: 1. khaw ch§y prichaa. 2. dichdn naamsakun kamphuu 3. khaw naamsakun rakthaj 4, ph&m chSy sdmsak 15THAI BASIC COURSE a) Response Drill Affirmative: Instructor: brawn r8khrap It's Brown, is it? Yes. Students khrap Yes (It is). Negatives Instructor: brawn r&khrap It's Brown, is 1t? No. Student: maj ch@j khrap No (It isn't). Cue Ques tion Response yes ch9y coon r&khrap khrap no _ Khun th¥awoon rSkhrdép m&j ch@j khrap yes khdw Se khrap khrap no sam{t ¥e khrap maj ch@j khrap yes naamsakun sam{t r&khrap khraép EXERCISES (Students are to take the roles below:) a) b) Mr. Jones meets Mr. Smith on the street. They greet each other and inquire about each other's health. Mr. Wichai meets Miss Nongkhraan and says, ‘Excuse me. Isn't your name Absorn'. Miss Nongkhraan says that is not correct but that her correct name is Nongkhraan. Mr. Prichaa sees Mr. Wichai and says, 'Hello, Mr. Somsak.! Mr. Wichat says, 'Excuse me.' My name is not Somsak. It!s Wichail. 16THAI BASIC COURSE a) Mr. Smith meets a Thai at the Embassy and says, 'Excuse me. What is your name?! The man says, 'My name is Prichaa. What's yours?! Smith gives his name. e) Miss Nongkhraan accidentally bumps Mr. Wichai and asks his pardon. The teacher asks the students to bring in pictures of well-known persons. In class the students ask each other the names of the persons pictured, sometimes intentionally using the incorrect name. VOCABULARY araj what (question word) dik in addition, more Lik thit again, one more time bin Bill (name) braaw(n) Brown (name) chy to be so, to be it, be the one (meant, intended) chaj maj Isn't it so? Isn't it the one? ehfy name, to be named cdoc George (name) coon John (name) aaj maj Can (you)? Could (you)? Are (you) able to? afk Dick (name) kamphuu Kambhu (Thai family name) karunaa please, kindly khSothdot excuse me hun Mr, Mrs., Miss (a polite title) malf Malee (Thai girl's name) m&j chaj It 1s not so. It is not the one (meant). (Negative response) 17THAI BASIC COURSE m&j, maj question word meerti Mary (name) na, na particle used to make the question sound less abrupt naamsakun family name phaut to speak, talk, say plaaw No (it isn't so). Particle indicating strong disagreement with the informa- tion content of the question) praph@at Prabas (Thai male first name) prichaa Pricha (Thai male first name) rakthaj Rakthai (Thai family name) samit Smith (name) th¥awoon Thaworn (Thai male first name) thit instance, case, time waa that (when used with verbs like phfut) 18THAI BASIC COURSE CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS phdut iik thii ph@ut taam phdm/dichkn fan khun ph@ut phit khun ph@ut thiuk 1éew loon ph@ut lik thii s{an khun phit sian khun thbuk phaut phaas&a thaj jaa ph@ut phaas%a ankrit ph@ut phréom kan tdop thii la khon phQut dan dan nooJ paet nansyy pit nans¥y jaa duu nans¥y 19 Please repeat. Please repeat after me. Please listen. You said it wrong. You said it right. Try to say it. Your tone is wrong. Your tone is right. Please speak in Thal. Don't speak English. Please say it in chorus Answer one at a time. Speak louder. Open your book. Close your book. Don't look at your book.THAI BASIC COURSE LESSON THREE 3.0 BASIC DIALOG: Identifying Objects A: khun mii ph¥enthfi m4j khrdp Do you have a map? Br mii khrép I do. A: dii m4j khrép Is 1t good? B: dii khraép It!s good. : nti araj khrap What's this? Be nan rdup khrap That's a picture. + rd@up araj khrap A picture of what? Bs rdup wat khrap A picture of a temple. At stiaj maj khrap Is it pretty? Br stiaj khraép It's pretty. As 1éew nfi rfak waa araj khraép And what's this called? B: rfak waa nfataan khrdp It's called a 'window!, Az kh¥othdot, jaa pdet n@ataan Excuse me. Don't open khrap the window. Bs kh¥othdot, khun phaut waa Excuse me. What did araj khrap you say? phdm maj khaweaj I didn't understand. karunaa phfut chda chda ndoj, Could you please speak dj maj khrap slowly. As ph&m ph@ut waa jaa pdot I said, 'Don't open néataan NOTE: the window. The instructor should have the objects referred to before him and should point to them when necessary. 203.2 THAI BASIC COURSE NOTES ON THE DIALOG a) wat is used to refer to the Buddhist temple compound. This includes the temple and other related buildings in the compound (usually fenced in with a gate). It may be translated as ‘church, etc.! when referring to places of worship for other religions. b) naw means 'cold! when referring to the weather or a person's feeling about the weather. c) chda means 'slow(ly)'. It is repeated for emphasis. a) nfi refers to a place near the speaker; nan away from the speaker; and ndon, still farther away from the speaker, but within view. GRAMMAR NOTES a) did, stiaj, n&aw, and rdon are called stative verbs in Thal. They can be translated as 'to be good!, 'to be be pretty!, 'to be cold', and 'to be hot!, b) When the meaning is clear the subject of the sentence may be omitted, thus: Questions mii td m&j khrép Do (you) have a table? Answer: mii khraép (I) do. c) A negative sentence is formed by repeating m&j before the main verb: maj mit ‘don't have! maj dit '(1s) not good!, ete. d) maj (in slow speech m&j) 1s a question word that is used wher a simple YES or NO answer is expected. The affir- mative answer is a repetition of the main verb: Question: mii nans¥y maj khrdp Do you have a book? Answer: mii khrép I do. alf) 8) 4) THAI BASIC COU! In the negative answer maj i verb: Question: mii ndnsyy maj Answer? m&j mii khrdép RSE Ss repeated before tne main Do you have a book? (No) I don't. There is no distinction in form between the singular and plural of nouns in Thai, or ‘tables! (in general). However, plurality in genera’ forms in the Noun Phrase, th tO dit dit where repeating the stative When jaa ‘don't! is repeated thus té means 'a table! 1 may be indicated by other Use "some good tables! verb dii serves this purpose. before a command or request form, it is changed into a negative command or requests peet pratuu khrap jaa pdet pratuu khrap After verbs like ph@ut 'to s: waa must be used. Open the door. Don't open the door. ay', rfak 'to be called', etc. phSm ph@ut waa jaa past pratuu 'I said, "Don't open the When nfi 'this', nan 'that!, is the subject, the sentence nth £6 (Note: In rather formal usa door. m1 or n6on 'that one over there! has no verb expressed. ‘This (1s) a table.! ge khyy 'to be! could be used.) When Yes-No type questions are asked in the negative, rfy is the question word used. 22 maj can not be used.THAI BASIC COURSE Negative question: roonrian maj dii rf¥y ‘Isn't the school any good?! Confirmatory response: khrap 'No, it isn't.! Since khrép is used to indicate that the information in the question 1s correct, and the information was given in the negative, it must be translated as 'No, it isn!t.! plaaw as a response would indicate that the information in the question was incorrect, and it would be translated something like 'On the contrary!. plaaw is usually followed by a sentence giving the correct information: Negative questions aah’ 'The food isn't any r&ékhrap good, huh?! Contradictory response: plaaw khrép, dit ‘On the contrary it's good.! 3-3 GRAMMAR DRILLS a) Substitution Drill Cue Pattern n@n araj khrap What's that? n6on non araj khrap What's that (over there)? nti nti araj khraép What's this? nan nan araj khrap What's that? néon néon araj khrap What's that (over there)? nti afi araj khrép What's this? n&n n@n araj khrap What's that? 23THAI BASIC COURSE b) Recognition and Familiarization Drill Question Answer. 1) n@n araj khrép (nan) pratuu khrap 'doort 2) n@n araj khrép (nn) n@ataan khrap "window! 3) n@n araj khrdp (nan) to khrdp ‘table! 4) nfn araj khrap (n@n) nans¥y khrap "book! 5) n@n araj khrép (n@n) samt khrap 'otebook! 6) n&n araj khrép (n&n) phéenthfi khrap 'mapt 7) n€n araj khrdp (nn) kradaandam khraép ‘blackboard! 8) n&n araj khrép (nn) dinsSo khrap "pencil! 9) n@n araj khrép (n@n) paakkaa khrap ‘pent Note: The instructor points at the object referred to during the drill.) Response Drill While pointing at the objects referred to in Drill b, the instructor asks questions and the students respond as in the following example: Instructor: nfi araj khrap Student: nan nans¥y khrap Recognition and Familiarization Drill Question Answer 1) nn rfak waa araj khrép pratuu khrép 2) nti rfak waa araj khrap nans¥y khrap 3) néon rfak waa araj khrap kradaandam khrap 4) nti rfak waa araj khrdp to khrap 5) n&n rfak w&a araj khrap naalikaa khrap 6) nfi rfak waa araj khrap paakkaa khrap 7) nti rfak waa araj khrap kawfi khrdp Note: The instructor points at the object referred to during the drill. 24THAI BASIC COURSE e) f) 8) Cue nanshy samit dins¥a naaltkaa burit jean Response Drill While pointing at the objects in Drill d, the instructor asks questions and the students respond as in the follow- ing example: Instructor: Students n@n rfak waa araj khrap nan rtak waa kradaandam khrap Substitution Response Drill What's that called? That's a blackboard. The instructor points at one of the objects previously named, and two students carry on an exchange like the following: Instructor: Student 1: Student 2: Student 1: Student 2: (Pointing at the door of the classroom) n€n rfak waa araj khrap pratuu khrap (nan) rtak waa pratuu rSkhrap khradp Substitution Drill khun Khun khun khun khun khun khun nans¥yphim khun kradaat khun mii mii mid mi mit mii mii mit mid Pattern ph&enthti maj khrap nans¥y mij khrap gamut mj khrép dins¥o m4j khrap naalikaa maj khrap burli méj khrap een maj khrép nansyyphim maj khrép kradaat m4j khrap 25 Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do you you you you you you you you you have have have have have have have have have a map? a book? a notebook? a pencil? a watch? a cigarette? money? a newspaper? paper?THAI BASIC COURSE h) Response Drill yes no yes no yes no no Pattern khun mii néns¥y maj khrép khun mii kradaat maj khrap Khun mii samut maj khrap khun mii dins%o maj khrap khun mii ph¥enthfi mij khrap Khun mii burii maj khrdp khun mii rdup maj khrap 4) Response Drill Cue yes no yes no yes no yes no Question khdw did maj khdw did maj roonrian dit maj Khun réon maj aakaat n¥aw maj aah%an dii maj rdup stiaj maj nansYy dii maj Jj) Substitution Drill Cue roonrian khrua paakkaa Pattern ph¥enthf dit maj nans¥y did maj khéw dit maj roonrian dii maj khruu dii maj paakkaa dit maj 26 Response mii khrap maj mii khrap mit khrap maj mii khrap mii khrap mj mii khrap m&aj mii khrap Respon: dii khrap m&j dii khrap dii khrap maj rdon khrép n&aw khrdp maj dii khrap stiaj khrap maj dii khrap Is the map good? Is the book good? Is he good? Is the school good? Is the teacher good? Is the pen good?THAI BASIC COURSE k) 1) dins¥o kradaandam naalikaa kradaat aah%an dinsSo dii maj kradaandam dii maj naalikaa dii maj kradaat dii maj aah%an dii maj Progressive Substitution Drill Cue n&aw FE a EI khaw Jo 12> fe Ee” |p ka: a. Iz re | bas fy 2 > Ey |B 3 5 Fs Os i Ey E ie I i Transformation Drill Statement roonrian dii rQ@up siiaj wat stiaj aakaat n&aw aahdan dit khun rdon Pattern aakaat ii aakaat n¥aw phim nXaw Khaw n&aw khaw stay rd@up stiaj paakkaa stiaj paakkaa aii aah%an dit aah%an rdon khéw rdon khdw dit Question r@up s¥aj maj wat stiaj maj aakaat n¥aw maj aah¥an dit maj khun rdon maj eT roonrian dii maj Is the pencil good? Is the blackboard good? Is the watch good? Is the paper good? Is the food good? The weather's good. ‘The weather's cold. I'm cold. They're cold. They're pretty. The picture's pretty. The pents pretty. The pents good. The food's good. The food's hot. He's hot. Hets good. (Change statements into questions)THAI BASIC COURSE °) Transformation Drill Statement roonrian dit aakaat n&aw khaw ron aah%an dit r@up stiaj khruu dit Transformation Drill Negative Statement voonrian mj dii aakaat maj n&aw Khaw m@j rdon riup mij stiaj urwne khruu maj dit Transformation Drill Statement Khaw dit. khaw maj dit khéw ron aah%an m&j rdon r@up maj s¥aj roonrian dii khruu dit ph&enthfi maj dii aahSan mj dii khaéw sitaj (Change statements into the negative) Negative roonrian maj dit aakaat maj n&aw khdw m@j rdon aah¥an maj dit r@up maj stiaj khruu maj dit (Change from Negative Statement to Negative Question: ) Negative Question roonrian maj dii r¥y aakaat maj n&aw r¥y khaw m@j rdon r¥y rdup m4j stiaj ryy khruu maj dit r¥y (Change the statements into questions) Questions Khaw dii maj khrép khaw m@j dii r&8 khrap khaw rdon maj khrap aah%an m@j rdon r&khrap rQup maj stiaj r¥khrap roonrian dii maj khrap khruu dit mij khrép ph€enthfi mj dit r&khrép aahSan m&j dii rSkhrap khdw stiaj m&j khrép 28p) a) THAI BASIC COURSE Response Drill Students will indicate they are in agreement with the instructor's questions. Question Response 1) naalikaa dii r&Skhrap khrap (dii) 2) roonrian m&j dii r8khrdép khrap (m4j aii) 3) khun n¥aw r&khrap khrép (n¥aw) 4) aah%an maj dii r&khrap khrap (m&j dii) 5) r@up stiaj r8khrap khrap (stiaj) Response Drill Students will indicate they are in strong disagreement with the instructor's question. Question Response 1) naalikaa dii r&khrap plaaw khrép (mj aii) 2) voonrian mj dil r8khrap plaaw khrap (dii) 3) khun n¥aw rSkhrdp plaaw khrap (maj n%aw) 4) aah¥an mAj dii r8khrép plaaw khrap (dit) 5) rvfup stiaj r8khrdp plaaw khrdp (m&j stiaj) Transformation Drill (Change the sentences into Noun Phrases - Noun + Modifier). Sentence BECOMES Noun Phrase nansyy dii nans¥y dii dit 'The book(s) is/are good.! '(some) good books! 1) ph&enthfi dit ph¥enthfi dii dit 2) aah%an dit aahfan dit dit 3) paakkaa dit paakkaa dii dit 29THAI BASIC COURSE 8) 4) roonrian dii roonrian dii dit 5) r@up stiaj raup silaj stiaj 6) khruu dit Khruu dii dit Expansion Drill The instructor has the students give an expanded form of the noun; for example, paakkaa becomes paakkaa dit dii, ete. Cue Expanded Form Khun mii paakkaa maj khun mii paakkaa dif di1 maj Khun mii dinsSo maj khun mii dinsSo aii did maj Khun mid kKhruu méJ khun mii khruu khun mid roonrian maj khun mii roonrian dit. Khun mii phffan maj khun mii phYan aii ait maj Khun mii r@up maj Khun mii r@up di1 ii maj Khun mii nans¥y maj Khun mii ndpsfy di1 aii maj Substitution Drill Cue Pattern (Request Form) pdet pratuu khrap Open the door. nansy; poet nans¥y khrap Open (your) book(s). faj pest faj khrap Turn on the lights. néataan péet n@ataan khrap Open the window. samut peot samt khrap Open (your) notebook. pratuu peet pratuu khraép Open the door. Note to the instructor: Have the students perform some of the actions referred to above. 30THAI BASIC COURSE Transformation Drill (Change the request forms into the negative.) Request Form Negative Reque: For poet n@ataan khrép jaa poet n@ataan khrap pit faj khrap jaa pit faj khrdp duu nans¥y khrép Jaa duu ndns¥y khrdp duu naalikaa khrép jaa duu naalikaa khrép pit pratuu khrap jaa pit pratuu khrap Transformation Drill (Change the sentences below to others having similar meaning, egs. don't open: close.) Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Aa pdat ndns¥y pit nansyy aa pdat pratuu pit pratuu pit faj jaa past faj pit n@ataan i2a pdet n@ataan Drills t, u, and v may be repeated with karunaa Mkindly! or proot "please! before the affirmative and negative requestion forms. This will result in more polite forms. 1) jaa pit pratuu becomes karunaa jaa pit pratuu 2) paat faJ becomes proot psat faj The forms with karunaa, can be made even more formal and polite by adding dAj maj khrap: 1 it pratua becomes karunaa pit pratuu (ndoj), 44, Boe pratuu karunaa pit pratuu maj Khrap 'Would you be so kind as to close the doort. 313.4 THAI BASIC COURSE w) Response Drill The instructor asks the question: khun phQut waa ara. khrép 'What did you say?! and gives the cue sentences. The student combines phdm phGut waa... 'I said! with the cue sentence. Cue Response jaa pdeat naataan ph8m phiut waa jaa paet n@ataan jaa duu néns¥y phdm phdut waa jaa duu nans}y pit nans¥y phdm phGut waa pit nans¥y phdut taam khruu phdm ph@ut waa ph@ut taam khruu (phut taam trepeat after!) ph@ut chdachda ndoj ph&Sm phQut waa phQut chda chda ndoj phim n¥aw phém ph@ut waa ph&m n&aw EXERCISES a) Find out from some of the other students or the instructor what the names of some of the objects in the classroom are. b) Ask some of the other students or the instructor about their possessions (i.e. what they have). ce) Get an opinion (whether something is "good! or 'beautiful') about some of the objects in the room. a) ell another student that you are either cold, beautiful, or hot and find out if he (or she) 1s hot, beautiful, or cold. e) Ask another student to perform certain acts (close the door, ete.) for you. Use different kinds of request forms. f) Ask another student not to do certain things. 32THAI BASIC COURSE g) ‘The instructor asks a student if he has a (watch, etc.). If the student says he does have a (watch, etc.), the instructor says, 'This is your (watch, etc.), isn't it? (pointing at a watch). The student responds to the question. VOCABULARY aakaat weather, air aah%an food burit cigarette chéa slow(1y) dins¥o pencil duu to look at faj (faa) electric light, electricity awit chair khaweaj to understand khruw teacher kradaandam blackboard kradaat paper jaa don't (negative request form) mit to have naalikaa watch, clock n€ataan window n&’aw (to be) cold nan that (one), there nans¥yphim newspaper nti this (one), here néon that (one) over there, over there ndoj here ndoj is used to make the request less abrupt neen money 33THAI BASIC COURSE paakkaa pen paet to open, turn on (lights) pit to close, turn off (lights) ph&enthti map phaut to say, speak phdut taam to repeat after phfan friend pratuu door, gate proot please (request form) rfak waa to be called roonrian school réon to be hot (temperature) r@up picture samt notebook stiaj (to be) pretty, beautiful té table, desk wat temple, temple compound 344.0 BASIC DIALOG: At THAI BASIC COURSE LESSON FOUR chG@aj sdn nans¥y 1ém nan naj phm ndoj, d&j maj khrap aaj khrdp nans¥y 1@m nfi ait kh¥on khraj khrap Khon phfan phdm khrap phan khun chfy araj khrap (khdw ch9y) coon khrép khon n¥j chy coon khrap khon néon khrap léew n€n khraj khrap phdujin ry ph@uchaaj khrap phQuchaaj khraép n@n ndkrian khraép khun raucak khaw maj khrap ruucak khrép khaw pen khraj khrap khéw pen ph§an ph&m khrap 35 Establishing Identity and Ownership of Objects. Could you hand me that book? Yes. This book is good. Whose is it? A friend of mine. What's your friend's name? His namets John. Which person is named John? That person over there. Then who's (that) there? The woman or the man? The man. That's a student. Do you know him? Yes, I do. Who is he? He's my friend.THAI BASIC COURSE 4.1 GRAMMAR NOTES a) The following type of construction is used to indicate the number of items when referring to concrete nouns: Noun + Number + Unit Classifier? nans¥y son 1@m 'two books! nakrian sSon khon ‘two students! kGwtt sdon tua ‘two chairs? When specifying a particular noun in a class, the follow- ing type of construction is used: Noun + Unit Classifier + Determiner phfan khon nan 'That friend! samt 1ém nf 'This notebook! paakkaa d&am nk, ‘which pen?! A unlt classifier is one of a special class of nouns which are used in constructions to enumerate or specify concrete nouns. There are about 200 unit classifiers in Thai, and each of them 1s normally used with a large number of concrete nouns of very different meanings. Since the unit classifier must be used in any situation in which you wish to indicate the number of items (of concrete nouns) or wish to specify a particular item out of a group (of concrete nouns), you will have to learn which unit classifier is used with each noun. Since there is usually no obvious connection between the clas- sifier and its Noun, using the correct one will be a matter of having learned it. There are a few classifiers for which noun reference is relatively predictable: tpor a full treatment of unit classifiers, see Noss, Richard B., Thai Reference Grammar, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1964, pp. 104, 105. 36THAI BASIC COURSE Unit Classifier Noun Reference khon People (professions and positions held by people) tua animals, objects with arms and legs heen flat objects ba, containers thén sticks After a noun has been mentioned or otherwise identified, ClassifiersDeterminer or Number+Classifier can replace it in sentences following immediately 1) A: nti ndns¥y 2 18m ‘Here are 2 books. 18m ney khSon khun Which 1s yours?! x B: 1@m ndn khrép 'That one!. 2) Ar mit ndns¥y maj. 'Do you have any books?! Be mii 8800 1@m khrép 'I have two.t x The classifier functions like a substitute word here, but 1t can not occur without either a number before it or a determiner after it. khSon tof! or belonging to! is used to indicate 'posses- sion!. It occurs after the thing possessed and before the possessor. Its occurrence in the Noun Phrase is onal when the head noun (thing possessed) is present, ndns¥y khSon khaw this book! 3TTHAI BASIC COURSE ) or nans¥y khaw ‘his book! but the occurrence of khSon is obligatory when the head noun is not present, thus: khBon khaw hist The head noun can be omitted only after it has been identified since kh¥on khaw acts as a replacement for the whole Noun Phrase. khraj like araj (see 2.2a) has the same position in the sentence as the noun it refers to, thus: Questions khdw pen khra, (lit: he is who) Who is he? Answert khéw pen phfan phim ‘He's my friend. Quéstion: khun coon pen khraj (it: John is who) What is John? Answers khun coon pen khruu "John's my teacher.! phdm When the main verb in the sentence is pen, khraj normally occurs in the predicate. Observe that it may be trans- lated 'what! in some situations. The verb 'to be! is translated differently according to its subject and complement. Observe the following examples: Subject Verb Complement nti (xhyy) phfan khaw 'This is his friend.! Khun coon pen khruu phm ‘John is my teacher.! khaw chy eon ‘He is (named) John.?! 38THAI BASIC COURSE 4.2 GRAMMAR DRILL a) b) Response Drill The instructor points at a student as he asks the question and gives the actual name of the student as the cue. He asks every student the question. Questions: n&n/nfi khraj khrap Who is that/this? Cue: (actual name of student pointed at) Answers: nfi/n@n khun (Joe) This/that is (Joe). khrap Response Drill The instructor gives a cue and points at a student. One student asks and another answers questions like the following: Instructor: khun th&awoon (pointing at a student) Student 1: nan/nfi khun th¥awoon, That/this is Mr. ch@j maj khrap Thaworn, isn't it? Student 2: m&j ch@j khrép No, it isn't. Student 1: nan/nfi khraj khrap Who is that/this? Student 21 (n@n/nfi) khun (That/this is) 1. khun cim 4. khun coon 2. khruu 5. khruu khdw 3. khun meerfi 6. khun prasdet Repeat the drill using actual names of students in the class. 39THAI BASIC COURSE c) Substitution Drill Cue Pattern nans¥y khraj khrap Whose naalikaa naalikaa khraj khrép Whose dins8o dinsSo khraj khrap Whose rQup rQup khraj khrap Whose awit k@wti khraj khrép Whose paakkaa paakkaa khraj khrép Whose nans¥yphim nansYyphim khraj khrap Whose burl burli khraj khraép Whose nans¥y nans¥y khraj khrép Whose ad) Response Drill book (is it)? watch (is it)? pencil (is it)? picture (is it)? chair (is it)? pen (is it)? newspaper (is it)? elgarette (is it)? book (is it)? The instructor points at an object near a student and asks him whose is it. The student's response indicates the actual owner.) MODEL: Instructor: n@n/nfi nans¥y khraj khrap "Whose book is that/this?! tudent: khSon ph3m/khéw/khun cim 'Mine/his/Jim's! 1. dinso 4, paakkaa 2. naalikaa 5. samt 3. raup 6. néns¥yphim T. ndns¥y 8. burii 9. kwtt This drill may be repeated one time with students repetating the thing referred to in the one time with students repeating the thing nan / nti: nfi n&ns¥y phim 40 answers nans¥y khSon ph}m and referred to andTHAI BASIC COURSE e) Expansion Drill Cue 1) nans¥y nan 2) paakkaa nan 3) samt nfi 4) dins¥o nan f) Reduction Drill Pattern 1 nans¥y khSon khraj paakkaa kh3on khraj phYan khSon phSm k@wti khSon khraj samut khSon nékrian phanrajaa khiSon khun coon khruu kh¥on raw sa%mii khSon khaw Expansion kh¥Son khraj khrap nans¥y kh3on khraj khrap nan nans¥y kh3on khraj khrap kh¥on khraj khrap paakkaa khSon khraj khrap n@n paakkaa kh3on khraj khrép kh¥on khraj khrap samut khSon khraj khrép nfi samt khSon khraj khrap kh¥on khraj khrap dinsSo kh¥8on khraj khrap n&n dins¥o kh8on khraj khrap Pattern 2 nans¥y khraj paakkaa khraj phfan phdm kawf1 khraj samt ndékrian khruu raw saimii khdw 41 phanrajaa khun coon Whose? Whose book? Whose book 1s that? Whose? Whose pen? Whose pen is that? Whose? Whose notebook? Whose notebook is this? Whose? Whose pencil? Whose pencil is that? (Change from Pattern 1 to Pattern 2) Whose book? Whose pen? My friend. Whose chair. Student's notebook. Jonits wife. Our teacher. Her husband.THAI BASIC COURSE g) Recognition and Familiarization Drill Question Response Khon n&J chy coon khon naén khrép — Which person 1s named Jonn? That one. khon n&j chfy cim khon néon khrép Which person is named Jim? The one over there. khon n&Jj chPy meerfi Khon nan khrap Which person is named Mary? That one. Khon n&j pen phfankhun khon ndon khrép Which person is your friend? The one over there. khon n&j pen khruu Khon nén khrép Which person is the teacher? That one. Khon n&jpen ndkrian khon nan khrép — Which person is a student? That one. h) Response Drill (The instructor asks the names of students.) 2) 2) Instructor: khon n&Jj chfy Which person is named (actual name) 2 Student: khon nfi/nan (pointing to the student): This/that person. 41) Expansion Drill n&j Which? khon n&j Which one (person)? ndkrian khon n&j Which student? nékrian phfuchaaj khon n&j Which male student? nit This khon nfi This one (person). ph@ujin khon nfi This female. nékrian phOuji) khon nfi This female student. 42THAI BASIC COURSE 3) 2) 2) 3) ndon khon néon khruu khon néo! khruu khSon kh nan khon nan phfan khon nan That over there. That one over there. in un khon néon That teacher over there. That teacher of yours over there. ‘That. That one (person). phfan khSon khun khon nén phfan ph@uj%n kh¥Son khun khon nan That friend. That friend of yours. That female friend of yours. 3) Expansion Dril1 nékrian phduchaaj phfan phdm phOujin kh3on khun Khon n&J ch¥y coon nakrian khon n&j chfy coon ndkrian phfuchaaj khon n&j ch¥y coon khon nan chfy nonjaw phfan phm khon nén chy nonjaw phfan ph@ujn phdm khon nan chfy nonjaw naéns¥y 1€m nén dit nans¥y khSon khun 16m nan dit 43 Which person is named John? Which John? student is named Which male student 1s named John? That person is named Nongyaw. That friend of mine is named Nongyaw. That female friend of mine is named Nongyaw. That book is good. That book of yours is good.4) phfan knSon khun phaujtn k) Transforma Pattern 1 Khon n&j chy cim khon n&j chy praphaat khonn&j chy prasdot Khon n&Jj ch¥y nitchanan Khon n&j pen khruu khSon khun Khon n&J pen phanrajaa khun th¥awoon Khon n&j pen sXamii khun meerfi THAI BASIC COURSE Khon nan stiaj phfan khon nan sifaj phan Khon Khun khon nan stiaj phan ph@ujfn kh¥on Khun khon nan stiaj tion Drill Pattern 2 Khun cim, khon n&j khun praph@at, khon naj khun prasdet, khon nj khun nitchanan, khon nk khruu khSon khun, khon n&j phanrajaa khun th&awoon, khon n&j s%amii khun meerf1, khon n&j ay That one (person) 1s pretty. That friend is pretty. That friend of yours is pretty. That female friend of yours is pretty. Which one (person) is Jim? Which one is Prabas? Which one is Prasert? Which one is Nuchanan? Which is your teacher? Which one is Thawornts wife? Which one is Mary's husband?THAI BASIC COURSE 1) Recognition and Familiarization Drill Ques tion Response phdujin ry ph@uchaaJ ph@uchaaj khrap Woman or man? Man. ch$y coon ry cim cim khrap Is (he) named John or Jim? Jim khon nan ry khon néon Khon néon khrap That one or the one over there? The one over there. khaw pen khruu ry ndkrian nakrian khrap Is he teacher or a student? A student. dii ry maj aii aii khrap (Is it) good or not? (It's) good. stiaj ry maj stiaj maj stiaj khrap (Is she) pretty or not? (She is) not (pretty). kh3on khun ry kh¥on khaw kh¥on khaw khrap Yours or his? His. m) Response Drill (Pairs of students engage in an exchange of the following kind using actual names of other students). Student 1: khaw chfy (actual name) Student 2: khraj khrap, khon nfi ry khon nan (pointing at students) Student 1: khon n{i/ndn khrap 45THAI BASIC COURSE n) Response Drill Cue Question cim chfy coon ry cim néon — khon nan ry khon noon khruu pen phfan ry pen khruu khun — kh¥on khun ry kh3on phdm stiaj phdujin khon nan sifaj ry m&j stiaj maj engy nfi dit ry maj ait o) Response Drill enfy cim pen phfan ph&m eh§y cim, pen ph¥an phdm ch§y meerfi, pen phanrajaa khun coon chfy praphaat pen khruu phdm ch§y praph@at, pen khruu phdm chy khun chétchdoj pen khruu ch§y coon, pen phfan phdm khaw khaw khon khaw khaw khaw khaw hon khon khon pen pen nan pen pen pen pen nan néo! nf. khraj khraj pen khraj khraj khraj kKhraj khraj pen khraj yn pen Khraj pen khraj 46 Response (chfy) cim khrap khon néon knrap (pen) khruu khrép khSon khun khraép stiaj khrap m&j dii khrép khéw ch9y cim Khaw pen phYan ph&m khaéw ch9y cim, pen phfan phdm khéw ch9y meerfi, pen phanrajaa khun coon khaw ch3y praph@at khdw pen khruu phdm Khaw chSy praphaat pen khruu phim khndw chfy chétehdoj khdw pen khruu khaw chy coon, pen phfan phdmTHAI BASIC COURSE p) Recognition and Familiarization Drill The instructor points at two or more of the objects as he asks the question and selects one of them as he gives the response. Ques tion Response nans¥y 1@m n¥j aii 1@mn nan Which pook is yood? That one. paakkaa d@am n&j dit d@am nf{i Which pen is yood? This one. dinsSo thén n¥j aii thén nit Which pencil is good? Tnis one. kAwti tua n¥j dii tua nan Which chair is good? That one. phésnthfi phéen n¥j dii phéen nf{i Which map 1s good? ‘This one. q) Response Drill (Selecting two each of the objects listed below, the instructor asks questions about ownership using the following model): nti ndns¥y sSon lém, Here are 2 books. 1€m n&j khSon khun Which (one) is yours? Student: 1€m nfi/nan This one/that one. 1) k@wtt 3) dins%o 5) naalikaa 2) samut 4) paakkaa In the question khun may be replaced by khaw or ph&m / dichan. a7THAI BASIC COURSE r) Substitution Drill Cue Pattern nans¥y_1@m nfi dit samut samut 1@m nfi dit paakkaa paakkaa d@am nfi aii dinsSo dinsSo thén nfi aii to (tua) $6 tua nfi dit ph&éenthti ph¥entht1 phéen nfi dit raup (baj) rQup baj nfi ait nékrian ndkrian khon nfi dit khruu ykhruu khon nf{t dit naalikaa naalikaa ryan nf{i dif nansyy ndnsYy 1ém nfi dit s) Substitution Drill Cue Pattern ch@aj sdn néns¥y 1€m nan h@j phim ndoj, daj m4j khrép paakkaa, ndéon ch@aj sdn paakkaa a&am néon h@j phim ndoj, d&j maj khrap rdup, nan chfaj sdn r@up baj nan haj phdm ndoj, d&j maj khrap ph¥enthfi, ndn chfaj sdn ph¥entht1 phten ndn h&j ph3m ndoj, d&j maj khrap nans¥y, ndon ch@aj sdn ndns¥y 16m noon h&j ph¥m ndoj, d&j mj khrép 48THAI BASIC COURSE 43 dinsSo, nan chaj sdn dinsSo thén nén haj ph&m ndoj, d&j m&j khrap naalikaa, nan ch@aj son naalikaa ryan nén h&j ph&m ndoj, d@j maj khrap EXERCISE a) e) f) One student points at an object and asks who it belongs to. Another student (the actual owner) says that it!s his. Continue until ownership has been established for all the objects the students are familiar with. Find out the names of all the students by asking questions like this: What's the name of that person? A student will respond with the real name. Find out the names of all the students by asking questions like this: Who is named 2 (using the names of students). The student with the name will responds I am (named) S One student will point to an object and will ask another student if it's his. He will respond that it is. ‘ind out if other students think various objects in the room are good or beautiful. Ask someone to pass you something. He pretends he isn't sure which one you want and asks, 'This one or that one!, You indicate which one and he passes it. You thank him.THAI BASIC COURSE VOCABULARY baj cim chétchdoy chdaj daam aay naj khon (hon)? kh¥on khraJ 1ém nonjaw nakrian (khon) nan, nan naj nfi, nft néitchanan néon, néon pen phanrajaa, pharijaa, phanjaa (khon) phéen phduchaaj (khon) phduji{n (khon) lime unit classifier classifier for 'picture!, etc. Jim (name) Chotchoi (Thai female first name) please classifier for ‘pent, etc. can, could, be able for (the benefit of) people, also classifier for humans of, belonging to who, what (in some constructions) classifier for "book! Nongyaw (Thai female first name) student, pupil that (determiner) which (one(s)) (determiner) this (determiner) Nuchanan (female first name) the one over there (determiner) to be wife (elegant term) classifier for 'map, picture, paper? sheet-like man, boy (male human of any age) woman, girl (female human of any age) for each noun 1s given after the noun. 50THAI BASIC COURSE prasdet Prasert (male first name) raw we, our, us rducak to know, to be acquainted with, to be familiar with ryy, ry, ete. or ryan classifier for 'watch, clock? s&amii (khon) husband (elegant term) son to pass, to hand (someone something) sdon two tua classifier for 'animals, objects with legs (chairs, tables, etc.)! thén classifier for 'pencil', etc. 51THAI BASIC COURSE Johns Marys Ba LESSON FIVE BASIC DIALOG: Social Formulae sawatdii khrap, khun prichaa Hello, Pricha. sawatdii khraép, khun s&msak Hello, Somsak. pen jannaj b&an khraép How are you? kd rfaj rfaj khrép 0.K. (so, so) 30, khun prichaa khrép Oh, Prichaa nfi khun coon, This is John. n€n khun meerfi, That's Mary. phanrajaa khun coon John's wife. sawatdil khraép Hello. sawatdii khrdp Hello. sawatdii kh@ Hello. (10 minutes later) kh¥othSot, ph8m paj kdon na khrép = Excuse me, I must go. chaan khraép, phop kan maj khrap All right, I'll see you again. 5. 1 NOTES ON THE DIALOG a) The particular form used by one Thai when greeting another is dependent on the social status and age of the two participants. Within thls framework three groups can be distinguished: (1) Equals, (2) Superiors, and (3) Inferiors. Equals are persons of the same status and greater age. Inferiors are persons of lower status, or of equal status and lesser age. Within these social groups there are formal and informal types of discourse. 52THAI BASIC COURSE Observe the following example: 1. GREETINGS a) Between Equals i) Formal A: sawatdi1 khraép Bi sawatdii khraép (The exchange may continue as in 1.0) ii) Informal (especially between intimates) Ar (sa) wat dii khraép Bs (sa) wat dii khrap or As pen (jan) naj baan khrép Be kd raj rfaj orp: Jée or As paj n&j khrap B: paj (thfaw khrap thurd or At paj n¥j maa khrdp Br paj (thfaw maa khraép thurd 53 How are you? So so. Terrible. Where are you going? Out for pleasure. Out for business. Where are you coming from From pleasure. From business.THAI BASIC COURSE or Superior 4) Formal Inferior: sawatdii khrdp (accompanied by a i (w@j). See 1.1) Superior: (sawatdii) (sometimes only wais in return.) s in inverse ratio to the ace and social position of the participants. Inferior: th@an sabaajdii 3a khrap Superior: sabaajdii, khdopeag 1i) There is no informal greeting from inferior to superior. c) Superior to Inferior 4) Informal Superior: pen (jan) naj b&an Inferior: sabaajdii khrap ii) There is no formal greeting from superior to inferior. NOTE: A greeting between superior and inferior may be no more than an exchange of wais with the inferior wating first. 2 INTRODUCTIONS a) Between Equals Ar khun s&msak khrép nfi khun prichaa sémsak: sawatd11 khrép prichaa: sawatdii khrép 54THAI BASIC COURSE b) Between Inferiors and Superiors (An inferior is always introduced to a superior) At khun (name of inferior) khrap nti than (rank, position) khun (name) Inferior: sawatdii khrép (accompanied by a wai) NOTE: jindii thf1 d@j riucak 'glad to know (you)! 1s added after sawatdii in many social groups. Among equals a woman is introduced to a man. The woman usually wais before the greeting. If one woman is introduced to another, the wai is not necessary but is considered as polite. 3. LEAVETAKING (at all levels) A: khSothdot, ph3m paj koon 'Excuse me, I Fi vt na khrap must go Br chaen khrép, phop kan tall right, IN A . a maj khrép see you again 4, INVITATION chaen khraép is used as an invitation to a person. a) to take some action which is beneficial to himself (eat food, come in, sit down, etc.) or b) to do something the person has already indi- cated he wants to do (take leave, etc.). Special Note to the Student a) Social status and age are very important in Thailand. Most Thais are very conscious of the social status and age of the people they meet, and act accordingly. The American who has been assigned to work in Thailand may 55THAI BASIC COURSE not be aware of his social position. Depending on his age and the position he holds in the government agency his status will vary from high to very high; consequently, he should use the forms designated as 'between equals! for most of the Thais he meets in his work and reserve the ‘inferior to superior! forms for greeting higher ranking officials. With taxi drivers and servants he might choose to use the 'superior to interior! forms. If he should meet the King of Thailand or a Buddhist priest, none of the forms given would be correct. b) The following are some common titles and forms of address: 1) th@n It replaces khun when speaking to a superior. than + Title (position): than th@ut ‘Mr. Ambassador! 2) mSo: (khun) + m8o + Name Doctor X! (M.D) 3) adktSe: ddktSe + Name "Doctor ¥! (Ph.D.) 4) aacaan: aacaan + Name 'Mr./Mrs.! (College teacher) 5) khruu: khruu + Name 'Mr./Mrs.' (teacher) 5.2 GRAMMAR NOTES a) There are several ways to indicate negation in Thai.) The choice of ways is determined by (1) the form class (noun, verb, etc.) of the thing to be negated and (2) the kind of negative meaning to be expressed. 1. m&j ‘not, the contrary, etc.! is used to negate all types of verbs (stative, modals, motion, etc.) aakaat mAj rdon 'The weather isn!t hot.! phdm maj mii naalikaa 'I don't have a watch.? 2. maj d@j mot, not as assumed to be! is used to negate verbs of motion, action verbs, and pen and chfy. It is used often in past situations and in present sit- uations that are contrary to expectations. See Noss, 138-143 for a fuller treatment. 56b) pen THAI BASIC COURSE phdm maj d&j pit faj ‘I didn't turn off the lights.! khaw maj d@j chfy s8msak ‘He's not named Somsak.! maj ch@j 'not a case of! 1s used most frequently to negate Noun Phrases as complements in Equational sentences (sentences without verbs). nfi m4j ch@j dins¥o khaw 'This isn't his pencilt. naalikaa ryan nf{1 m@j ch@j ‘This watch isn't yours.! khSon khun. In sentences with pen as the connective verb (khdw pen nakrian, etc.) either of two types of negation may occur according to the situation. As an initial statement: khaw m@j d@j pen nakrian tHe isn't a student.! As_a_ response to a question: khaw pen khruu (khdw) maj 'Hels the teacher. He ch@j nékrian isn't a student.! jannaj ‘How is/are...?! can be used with subject like aakaat, etc. aakaat pen jannaj ‘How's the weather?! (kaan) rian phaas%a thaj pen jannaj ‘How is studying Thai?! 5.3 GRAMMAR DRILLS a) Response Drill Have pairs of students practice the following exchange (with accompanying wai when appropriate): le At pen (jan) naj baan khrap B: (k3 rfaj rfaj jee 5TTHAI BASIC COURSE 2. A: paj n&J khrap Br paj (thfaw khrép thura, 3. At paj n&j maa khrap Bs paj (thfaw maa khrap thurd Response Drill Have sets of 3 students participate in the following exchanges (with wai when appropriate) + 1. Ae khun (name of student) nfi khun (name of student) Student 1: sawatdii khrap Student 2: sawatdii khrdp 2. As khun (name of a student) nfi khun (name of student) Student 1: sawatdii khrdép jindii1 thf1 d@j rducak (khun) Student 2: sawatdii khraép jindi1 thfi d@j rducak (khun) 58THAI BASIC COURSE 3. Have one student take the part of Foreign Minister, Thanat Khoman. At khun (name of student) nti khun than&t khooman? Student: sawatdii khrép c) Response Drill Have pairs of students practice the following exchange: A: khSothdot, ph8m paj kdon nakhrap B: cheen khrap, phop kan maj khrap d) Substitution Transformation Drill Cue Pattern 1 prasdet khaw ch9y prichaa coon khéw chy cim praphaat khaw chSy wichaj kaandaa khaw chy waanii nfi than rdétthamontrii krasuan taan prathéet or nfi than rdtthamontrii krasuan taan prathéet, khun thanat khooman 59 Pattern 2 Khaw m@j d&j chfy prasdet Khaw m&j d&j ch¥y coon khaw maj d&j chfy prapha@at khdw m&j d@j chfy kaandaa 'Mr. Foreign Minister',, 'Mr. Foreign Minister, Mr. Thanat Khoman! might be used.THAI BASIC COURSE Subs titut: khun khun coon f) Substitut: Cue n@ataan dinsSo wat 6 samt réup wat NOTE: Point 5.4 EXERCISES a) Have the in terms 1. What 2. What 3. 4. Who hi 5. Who ti! ion Transformation Drill Pattern 1 Khun malfkaa pen khruu phim khun nonlak pen phan khaéw meerfi pen phanrajaa khun cim ton Transformation Drill Pattern 1 n@n pratuu nfi paakkaa n6on roonrian n&n kawft nfi ndnsy¥y nan r@up roonrian Pattern 2 khun malfkaa m&j dj pen khruu khaw khun nonlak maj aaj pen ph¥an khun meerfi m&j d&j pen phanrajaa khun coon Pattern 2 nan m&j chaj n@ataan nfi mJ ch@j dinsSo nOon m@j chj wat n&n maj ch@j td nfi m@j ch@j samt n€n m@j ch@j r@up wat at the objects referred to in this drill. students discuss various oft objects in the room they are and what they are not, they are called, as them, and hey belong to. 60 Which ones are good, or beautiful.THAI BASIC COURSE c) Have the students discuss various people in the classroom in terms of: Using students act out the following social situation: 1 Their names, Whether they are teachers, wives, or friends, and if so, of whom, Whether they (the students) are good, pretty, not, or cold, Whether they are feeling well, terrible, or so so, Whether one particular student 1s acquainted with another particular one, If anyone in the room is named smelt, ubon, reenuu, or malfkaa, and If there is anything else interesting about the people in the room (including the instructor) that the students know how to ask about. Greetings a) A student Mr. Brown greets a Thai friend of his from the Foreign Ministry, Mr. Praphaat. b) A Thai Minister, Mr. Arun, is greeted by one of the people in his ministry. c) A servant greets his boss, Mr. Jones. d) ‘wo Thai women friend, Mrs. Aardi and Mrs. Amphoon, meet and greet each other. e) Two Thai men, Mr. Somchit and Mr. Pridaa, greet each other. One says he feels terrible. Introductions a) A friend introduces two men (Mr. Praseat and Mr. Somsak) who work in the same office. b) Someone introduces a lady, Mrs. Wilaj to Mr. Prasit, a high ranking officer in the Ministry of Interior. c) Mrs. Nonglak is introduced to Mr. Wichaj. Both are teachers in the same school. 61THAI BASIC COURSE 3. Leavetaking One student says he wants to leave; another agrees. 4. Invitations ) One student knocks at the door; another invites him to come in. b) A lady and a gentleman are standing at the open door of the elevator. He invites her to get on. ce) You have invited a friend to dinner. After you have sat down, you invite him to eat. VOCABULARY aacaan (khon) college or university teacher aarii Aree (male or female first name) amphoon Amphorn (male or female first name) 30 Onl ubon Ubon (female first name) baan some, any (pronominal) chaan please, go ahead and.. ddkt3e (khon) doctor (Ph.D.) Janraj, Jannaj, naj how (question word) jindii (to be) glad jée (to be) terrible, to be in a bad way kan together (particle indicating mutuality or reciprocity) kaandaa Kanda (female first name) x3 connective particle; not to be translated in k3 rfaj rfaj. kon before, first krasuan (krasuan) ministry (division of the government) khdopeaj thank you (superior to inferior) 62THAI BASIC COURSE maa maalikaa maj maj daj m3a (khon) nonlak naj pad paj... maa paj kdon prathéet (prathéet) phop phop... kan ratthamontrii reenuu r§aj rfaj sdmelt sdmsak taan taan prathéet thanat khooman than tht. thurd paj thurd thfaw paj thfaw waanit whehaj to come Malika (female first name) ayain, new not, not as assumed to be medical doctor Nonglak (female first name) variant form of janraj to go to come from to go first, to go ahead country, nation to meet, run into (someone) to meet or see each other minister (head of a ministry) Renu (male or female first name) so so (as a response to a greeting) Somchit (male or female first name) Somsak (male first name) (to be) different, separate foreign Mr. Thanat Khoman, Foreign Minister of Thailand yous he, she (for persons of superior status) that, which (connective) business, affairs, errands to go out on business for pleasure to go out for pleasure Wannee (female first name) Wichai (male first name) 63THAI BASIC COURSE 6.0 BASIC DIALOG: At Be At LESSON SIX (Part I) sawatdii khrap khun phfut phaas%a thaj ken can pen khon ch@at araj khrép ph&m pen khon ameerikan khrap khun ph@ut phaas%a thaj daj dii maak khrap khdopkhun khrdp ph’m ph@ut d&j nftndoj thawndn khrdp khraj sSon phaas%a thaj khun khrép khun nonnit khrép khdw pen khruu phaas%a thaj thfi roonrian sSon phaasta GRAMMAR NOTES a) b) Mr. Smith meets a Thai in the provinces. Hello. You speak Thai very well. What nationality are you? I'm an American. You (can) speak Thai very well. Thank you. I can only little. speak a Who taught you Thai? Miss Nongnut. She is a Thai language teacher at the language school. can ‘extremely, a great deal, very much! is used as an intensifier for stative verbs like ken, dii, stiaj, ete. It is used in making comments primarily. in questions. Tt never occurs ken means 'to be skillful, adept, expert (at something)!. It occurs after Verb Phrases (rian nans¥y, etc.) or before Noun Phrases (phaas%a thaj, ete.). 1. khdw rian néns¥y Ken (He learns with facility) ‘He's a good student.? 64THAI BASIC COURSE e) 2. khdw 1€n dontri1 mj ken 'He plays (music) poorly.! 3. khruu khaw ken phaas%a Juan 'His teacher 1s good in Vietnamese.! The verbs rian 'study, learn!, kh¥an 'write!, dan 'read!, and sSon "to teach! do not occur r without object complements; if there is no other complement, nans¥y is used, thus rian nansyy 'to study (in a school)", khYan ndnsyy 'to write (books)!, Ran ndns¥y 'to read!, and sSon nansiy 'to teacn!. The Thais use the following terms to refer to people of various nationalities: 1. For all nationalities: khon + Name of Country Khon thaj ta Thait khon jfipin ‘a Japanese! Khon_phaamfa ‘a Burmese! khon jaaraman Ya German! Khon 4ijip Yan Egyptiant ete. 2. For people from Malaya, Indonesia, India, and the Middle East only: khéek + Name of Country. khéek malajuu ta Malayan? khéek tijip ‘an Egyptian! khéek india Yan Indian', etc. 3. The terms khésk and faran are used alone to refer to certain large groups of people. a) faran refers to white-skinned people, including Europeans, Australians, and white Americans. Q: khdw pen faran, 'Hets a 'farang!, ehaj maj isntt he?! ehaj khrap, khaw 'That!s right. Hels pen khon sapeen Spanish.! 65s) THAI BASIC COURSE b) khéek refers to people from Malaya, Indonesia, India, Ceylon, and the Middle East. (Normally dark-skinned people). Khaw pen khéek, maa caak ‘He's a khéek.! 'He prathéet india comes from India.? 4, The Moslem people living in South Thailand are referred to as thaj itsalaam 'Thai Moslem!. myan + (name of city) or name of city alone is used in colloquial language to refer to cities, thus myan woochintan (or) woochint&n 'Washington'. In the mass media krun + (name of city) is used to refer to some capitol cities, thus krun room 'Rome!, krun parfit 'Paris', ete. myan + (name of country) or name of country alone is frequently used in spoken Thai to refer to a country instead of prath@et + (name of country) which is more formal and is used in newspapers, speeches, etc. khaw maa caak jfipun ‘He comes from Japan!. khdw maa caak myan jfipun 'He comes from Japant. khdw maa caak prath@et jfipln 'He comes from Japan!. As was indicated in 4.1, khraj usually occurs in the complement position after pen (khaw pen khraj, etc.); in some situations khraj precedes pen. Observe the following two examples: 1. ‘Juliet! pen khraj MWhots Juliet?! (I never heard of her.) 2. khraj pen "Juliet! who's Juliet?! (Who 1s playing the part of Juliet in the play by Shakespeare.) When the main verb in the sentence is khyy 'to bet, if the subject of the sentence is a pronoun, khraj is in the complement position. 66THAI BASIC COURSE khaw khyy khraj who is he?! With noun subjects khraj may precede or follow khyy. optionally: khun nonnit khyy khra, Who 1s Nongnut?! or khraj khyy khun nonnit With verbs besides pen and khyy, khraj may occupy the subject or complement position: khraj s$on phaas¥a thaJ 'Who teaches Thai?! khun prapha@at s¥on ‘Who is Prapas teaching phaasda thaj haj khraj Thai to?! 6.2 GRAMMAR DRILLS a) Recognition and Familiarization Drill 1. Khaw pen (khon) thaj He's a Thai. 2. Khaw pen (khon) ameerikan He's an American. 3. khaw pen (khon) ankrit He's an Englishman. 4. khdw pen (khon) faranseet He's a Frenchman. 5. khaw pen (khon) jearaman He's a German. 6. khaéw pen (khon) ef4in Hets a Chinese. 7. khéw pen (khon) jfipun He's a Japanese. 8. khaw pen (hon) laaw He's a Lao. 9. khaw pen (khon) juan He's a Vietnamese. 10. Khaw pen (khon) phamfa He's a Burmese. 11. khéw pen (khon) kham’en He's a Cambodian. 12. khéw pen (khon) kaw1Y1 He's a Korean. 67THAI BASIC COURSE b) ce) Substitution Drill Cue Pattern khaw pen khon thaj khun hun pen khon thaj khon ankrit khun pen khon ankrit khon ameerikan khun pen khon ameerikan khaw khadw pen khon ameerikan khun coon khun ¢cd0n pen khon ameerikan phfan phim ph¥an phdm pen khon ameerikan khon clin phfan ph3m pen khon clin. khaw khaw pen khon ein khon phamfa khdw pen khon pham@a khun khun pen khon pham&a thaJ khun pen khon thaj. Recognition and Familiarization Drill Question Response khéw pen khon chaat araj Khaw pen khon thaj What nationality 1s he? He's a Thai. 2. khdw pen khon chaat araj Khaw pen juan What nationality is he? Hets a Vietnamese. 3. Khaw pen khon ch@at araj Khaw pen khon ameerikan What nationality is he? He's American. 4, khdw pen khon ch@at araj khdw pen khon phamaa What nationality is he? He's Burmese. 5. khdw pen khon chaat araj khaw pen clin What nationality is he? He's Chinese. 68THAI BASIC COURSE d) Transformation Drill (Change to the negative in two ways.) Affirmative Pattern Negative 1-Pattern Negative 2-Pattern khdw pen khon jfipin khéw m&j ch@j khon khdw m&j d&j pen khon jtipin §fipun khaéw pen laaw khaw m&j ch@j laaw khdw m&j d@j pen laaw khéw pen khon ankrit khdw m&j ch@j knon khdw mj d@j pen khon ankrit ankrit khaw pen juan khaw m&j ch€j juan khadw m4j d@j pen juan e) Response Drill Cue Question Response eiin khaw pen khon thaj, maj ch8j chaj maj khaw pen khon ciin m&j ch@j khon thaj Hets Thai, isn't he? No, he isn't. He's Chinese. He isn't Thai. laaw khdw pen khon thaJ, m&j ch@j, chaj maj khaw pen khon laaw m&j ch@j khon thaj He's Thai, isn't he? No, he isn't. Hels Lao. He isntt That. 69THAI BASIC COURSE laaw kaun pen khon thaj plaaw (or) ryplaaw phim pen khon laaw m@j ch@j khon thaJ Are you Thai? No, I'm not. / I'm not. I'm Lao. I'm not a Thai. phonlaryan khun pen thah&an 18 plaaw {ES ena ph$m pen phonlaryan maj cha) thah%an Youlre a soldier? No, I am not. No, I'm not. I'm a civilian. I'm not a soldier. sath%anthaut juusit 18 plaaw c@wnfathti khun pen c@wna@athfi {es cnaj phdm pen cawnaathfi sath%anthaut m&j ch@j cAwndatnti juusf{t You are a USIS official? No, I'm not. No, I am not. I'm an Embassy official. I'm not a USIS official. 70THAI BASIC COURSE khon taan canwat phan f) lo = ie ameerikaa faranseet wiatnaam khun pen khon krunthéep chaj maj You are a Bangkoker, aren't you? khaw pen phanrajaa khun coon 18 She's John's wife? Substitution Drill Pattern khaw maa caak (prath@et) thaj khdw maa caak (prath@et) ameerikaa khdw maa caak (prathéet) khaw maa caak (prathéet) tnaam 71 maj chaj plaaw ph&m pen khon taan canwat m&j chaj khon krunthéep No, I'm not. No, I am not. I'm an out-of-towner. I'm not a Bangkoker. mj cha) khéw pen phfan m@j ch&j phanrajaa No, she isn't. She's a friend. She's not his wife. He's from Thailand. He's from America. He's from France. He's from Vietnam.THAI BASIC COURSE phamaa ratsia edin kham&en malajuu fiifppin 8) khéw khaéw khéw khaéw khéw khéw khéw maa caak phamfa khaw maa caak ratsia Khaw maa caak elin Khaw maa caak hamBen khaw maa caak malajuu khaw maa cdak filfppin tern 1 Pat’ pen pen pen pen pen pen khon thaJ khon ankrit juan khon ratsia jftipin khéek india (prathéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) (prath@et) Transformation Drill 72 khaw khaw Khaw khaw kha khaw maa, maa maa maa maa maa Hels Hels He's Hels Hets Hels Patt, caak caak caak caak eaak caak from Burma. from Russia. from China. from Cambodia. from Malaya. from the Philippines. ern 2 (pratnéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) (prathéet) thaj ankrit wiatnaam ratsia Stipin indiaTHAI BASIC COURSE h) Substitution Drill Have two students do the following exchange substituting the cue words for those underlined. Student 1: khdw pen juan, ch@j maj khrap Student 21 m&j ch@j, pen khon thaj khrap Student 1: maa caak prath@et thaj ry khrép Student 21 khraép 1. jeeraman, faranseet 4, rdtsia, sapeen 2. laaw, kawlfi 5. ankrit, ameerika(a)(n) 3. Jjfipun, ciin i) Substitution Drill Cue Ques ton Response krunthéep khun maa caak myan araj ph3m maa caak krun room What city do you come from? Bangkok. woochintén khun maa caak myan araj ph$m maa caak woochintan What city do you come from? Washington. njuu jsok khun maa caak myan araj phdm maa caak njuu Jsok What city do you come from? New York. krun room khun maa caak myan araj ph&m maa caak krun room What city do you come from? Rome. krun loondon khun maa caak myan araj — ph&m maa chak krun loondon What city do you come from? London. 73THAI BASIC COURSE loondon khun maa caak myan araj What city do you come from? denw3a khun maa cdak myan araj What city do you come from? saan khun maa cdak myan araj fransisko What city do you come from? J) Substitution Transformation Drill Cue Pattern 1 ankrit, ameerikaa loondon, njuu jdok parfit, tookiaw woochintan, denwSe faranseet, Jeeraman khdw maa caak ankrit Khaw maa caak loondon khdw maa caak (krun) partit khéw maa caak woochintan khdw maa caak faranséet mH ph$m maa caak loondon London. phSm maa caak denw3o Denver. phém maa caak saan fransisko San Francisco. Pattern 2 khaw maj d&j maa ckak ameerikaa khadw maj d&j maa caak njuu jéok khaw maj d@j maa ckak (krun) tookiaw khaw maj d&j maa caak denw3a Khdw m&j d&j maa ckak jaeramanTHAI BASIC COURSE k) Recognition and Familiarization Drill khdw pen faran, maa cdak He's a 'farang?. He comes from Paris. parfit khdw pen khéek, maa caak Hels a ‘kheek!, He comes from Malaya. malajuu khdw pen khon thaj, maa caak He's a Thai. He comes from Thailand. myan thaj khadw pen khéek, maa caak He's a 'kheek!. prath@et india He comes from India. khdw pen faran, maa cdak He's 'farang!. He comes from England. prathéet ankrit khaw pen khon ciin, maa caak He's Chinese. He comes from Hong Kong. n3onkon khéw pen khon thaj ltsalaam, He's a Thai Moslem. He comes from Pattani. maa caak pattanil 8. khdw pen faran, maa cdak He's a 'farang!. woochintan He comes from Washington. Substitution Drill Substitute the cue words in one of the exchanges below (only one will fit the cue word): MODEL I: (for khéek) Cue wor Khon malajuu A: phan khun pen faran, ch@j maj B: m&j ch&@j, pen khéek Ar maa caak prathéet n&j Br maa caak (prath@et) malajuu 15THAI BASIC COURSE khon faranseet (or) thaj MODEL II: (for others) Cue word: A: phan khun pen faran, chaj maj B: chaj khrap, pen khon faranseet m@jJ ch@j khrép, pen khon tha, 1. jfipin 6. khaméen 2. india 7. sapeen ratsia malajuu 4. ameerikan pham@a 5. indooniisia 10. laaw m) Recognition and Familiarization Drill FWP e Aoaw khonthaj ph@ut phaas%a thaj khon ameerikan phGut phaas%a ankrit khon khon ankrit phfut phaas%a ankrit eiin ph@ut phaas&a clin Khon khéek malajuu ph@ut phaas%a malajuu laaw ph@ut phaas%a laaw khon juan phdut phaas%a juan. ‘Thais speak Thai. Americans speak English. Englishmen speak English. Chinese speak Chinese. Lao speak Laotian. Malayans speak Malay. Vietnamese speak Vietnamese. khon Sosatreelia ph@ut phaas%a ankrit Australians speak English. n) Substitution Drill Cue Pattern ratsia khon rétsia phdut phaasSa rdtsia kawlii khon kawlii phQut phaas%a kawl Yi Jfipan khon jfipin ph@ut phaas%a jfipun kKhamSen Khon kham%en phfut phaas%a khamSen phamaa khon pham@a ph@ut phaas%a pham@a 76