Grey Water Treatment Plans

Eco-SMART city concept
Executive summary
The main feature of eco-city is to encourage conservation and preservation of ecological and ecosystem
surrounding urban area. Therefore, the development planning must be connecting to nature to sustain current
and future biodiversity as well as reduce climate change.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. It also should
integrate with green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living environment. In order to create a balanced
biodiversity, eco-smart town prepare ready access to public parks, gardens and public spaces, with the
opportunity for leisure and recreation.
The principle of economy in Eco-SMART city concept is sustainable and efficient economy that promotes
the healthy economic activities and beneficial the aspect of environment, people and profit. It has recognize
three principle elements including 1)creating self-sustaining economic , 2)efficient, competitive and high
impact of industrial and commercial, 3) promoting green economy activities , so that, it tries to reap the
potential of environment protection for the economical benefit.
The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is

designed to stimulate the production of affordable housing for low and moderate income residents in the
city.
The recommendation of Honey comb design of housing to enhance to provide small courtyard
neighborhoods block of apartment form normal design communities to cul-de-sac communities. Meanwhile,
the several strategies are discussed in the Eco-SMART housing including compact density approach, flexi
layout scheme and SOHO design (mixed-used).
The Eco-green Building will contribute in the development planning to success the Eco-SMART city
concept that manages energy efficiency among the building itself. The key principle of this design is green
building design, green construction and green materials, intelligent building system (IBS) and building
energy optimization.
The guiding principle of comprehensive infrastructure and facilities should be contributed to success Eco-
SMART city concept. The provision of recreation facilities should emphasize interaction between human
made and natural environment. The community-centre school is one of strategy to enhance community
walkable as well as gain knowledge and learning.
The Smart Grid system will help to manage the network of building, household and green industry with cost
benefits includes renewable energy sources, wastewater management and energy efficiency.
The Eco-SMART city concept is emphasizing walkability and public transport to manage zero waste of gas
carbon emission and enhance the public healthy. The design of road network, street and pedestrian eco-
friendly should be implemented in high performance and high quality of lifestyle.
The design of smaller neighborhood centers will keep local shopping that community not need vehicle and
just walk to the destination within 5 minute walking distance. It also encourages community for cycling that
health benefits and cost benefits as well as not produce carbon gas emission to atmosphere.
All the design elements must represent the sense of community to encourage interactions among people. For
Eco-SMART city concept, it is able to promote social interaction, community development, community
building and smart community for long life learning purpose. The provision of community facilities and
services should refer to human scale and social needs to sustain the equity for every people.
Defining Eco-SMART city concept

Elements Explanation
Environment Connecting to Nature
•Easy access to greenery in urban setting•Sky-rise greenery: vertical greenery, rooftop
greenery…•Rain garden•Green street
Economy Sustainable and Efficient Economy
•Smart in economy with efficient use of resources, location and together with the
initiative of high impact economy activities that eventually benefit for environment,
people, and productivity.
Infrastructure Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities
•Smart in infrastructure with intelligent and efficient energy resources and waste
management system and high application of information and communication technology.
Housing Vibrant and compact housing
•Design of eco-friendly housing area •Adaptation of green building design •Design of
housing layout - able to create high environmental and social interaction
Transportatio Easy Mobility
n •Smart design of transportation infrastructure through the implementation of Transit
Oriented Development•High degree of mobility and accessibility•Potential to reduce the
Ecological Footprint
Social Conviviality Community
•High level of social interaction through design of physical elements.•Walkable,
neighbourhood-based design, compact and mixed-used development, for social
-economically benefits, high public participation and community spirit.
Content:
1. Connecting to nature
2. Sustainable and efficient economy
3. Comprehensive infrastructure and facilities
4. Eco-smart housing
5.Easy mobility
6.Conviviality community
Conclusion

Executive summary
The main feature of eco-city is to encourage conservation and preservation of ecological and ecosystem
surrounding urban area. Therefore, the development planning must be connecting to nature to sustain current
and future biodiversity as well as reduce climate change.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. It also should
integrate with green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living environment. In order to create a balanced
opportunity for leisure and recreation.
The principle of economy in Eco-SMART city concept is sustainable and efficient economy that promotes
the healthy economic activities and beneficial the aspect of environment, people and profit. It has recognize
three principle elements including 1)creating self-sustaining economic , 2)efficient, competitive and high
impact of industrial and commercial, 3) promoting green economy activities , so that, it tries to reap the
potential of environment protection for the economical benefit.
The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is

designed to stimulate the production of affordable housing for low and moderate income residents in the
city.
The recommendation of Honey comb design of housing to enhance to provide small courtyard
neighborhoods block of apartment form normal design communities to cul-de-sac communities. Meanwhile,
the several strategies are discussed in the Eco-SMART housing including compact density approach, flexi
layout scheme and SOHO design (mixed-used).
The Eco-green Building will contribute in the development planning to success the Eco-SMART city
concept that manages energy efficiency among the building itself. The key principle of this design is green
building design, green construction and green materials, intelligent building system (IBS) and building
energy optimization.
The guiding principle of comprehensive infrastructure and facilities should be contributed to success Eco-
SMART city concept. The provision of recreation facilities should emphasize interaction between human
made and natural environment. The community-centre school is one of strategy to enhance community
walkable as well as gain knowledge and learning.
The Smart Grid system will help to manage the network of building, household and green industry with cost
benefits includes renewable energy sources, wastewater management and energy efficiency.
The Eco-SMART city concept is emphasizing walkability and public transport to manage zero waste of gas
carbon emission and enhance the public healthy. The design of road network, street and pedestrian eco-
friendly should be implemented in high performance and high quality of lifestyle.
The design of smaller neighborhood centers will keep local shopping that community not need vehicle and
just walk to the destination within 5 minute walking distance. It also encourages community for cycling that
health benefits and cost benefits as well as not produce carbon gas emission to atmosphere.
All the design elements must represent the sense of community to encourage interactions among people. For
Eco-SMART city concept, it is able to promote social interaction, community development, community
building and smart community for long life learning purpose. The provision of community facilities and
services should refer to human scale and social needs to sustain the equity for every people.

Connecting to Nature
Environment •Easy access to greenery in urban setting•Sky-rise greenery: vertical greenery, rooftop
greenery…•Rain garden•Green street
Sustainable and Efficient Economy
•Smart in economy with efficient use of resources, location and together with the initiative of
Economy
high impact economy activities that eventually benefit for environment, people, and
productivity.
Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities
Infrastructure •Smart in infrastructure with intelligent and efficient energy resources and waste management
system and high application of information and communication technology.
Vibrant and compact housing
Housing •Design of eco-friendly housing area •Adaptation of green building design •Design of housing
layout - able to create high environmental and social interaction
Easy Mobility
•Smart design of transportation infrastructure through the implementation of Transit Oriented
Transportation
Development•High degree of mobility and accessibility•Potential to reduce the Ecological
Footprint
Conviviality Community
•High level of social interaction through design of physical elements.•Walkable,
Social
neighbourhood-based design, compact and mixed-used development, for social -economically
benefits, high public participation and community spirit.
Content:
5.Easy mobility
Conclusion
1.Connecting to Nature
Eco-smart is enveloped by landscape and nature features. People are immersed in a world of invigorating
green and scenic view.
Eco-smart city also refined with eco-friendly feature. Greenery and active energy can obtain from street
landscaping and also housing design.
Environment conservation enhances and put biodiversity forward so the people can easily connect to nature
and living within Nature’s warm embrace.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. With strategies
applied to protect and maximize biodiversity and also reintroduce nature and landscape back into the city
and living space, Eco-smart city also integrate with green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living
environment.
Eco-smart town introduce the novel notion of living with beautiful, landscaped serene and natural greenery.
This lively environment is best formed through focus on local biodiversity, habitat and ecology, wildlife
rehabilitation, forest conservation and protecting of regional characteristic. In order to create a balanced
opportunity for leisure and recreation. The connections with nature are essential components of a eco city.
Tian Jin Sunway Eco-City, China by Surbana Urban Planning Group
By implement and interact with green infrastructure and intelligent housing design, Eco-smart practice
principle of ecological based on natural cycle. It preserves and maximized its open space, natural landscape
and recreation opportunities in order to create an eco-friendly environment and healthy community. In the
city, Eco-smart also introduces individual inner city garden, urban farming/ agriculture in urban area, green
rooftop in all new urban development.
Eco-smart needs to maximize the resilience of the eco-system through urban landscape that mitigates the
urban heat island effect. By using green plants can efficiently increases air purification and urban cooling in
urban area.
Guideline 1 Urban landscape design

Landscaping Design for Singapore by Bursana

Executive summary
The main feature of eco-city is to encourage conservation and preservation of ecological and ecosystem surrounding
urban area. Therefore, the development planning must be connecting to nature to sustain current and future
biodiversity as well as reduce climate change.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. It also should integrate with
green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living environment. In order to create a balanced biodiversity, eco-
smart town prepare ready access to public parks, gardens and public spaces, with the opportunity for leisure and
recreation.
The principle of economy in Eco-SMART city concept is sustainable and efficient economy that promotes the healthy
economic activities and beneficial the aspect of environment, people and profit. It has recognize three principle
elements including 1)creating self-sustaining economic , 2)efficient, competitive and high impact of industrial and
commercial, 3) promoting green economy activities , so that, it tries to reap the potential of environment protection
for the economical benefit.
The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is designed to

stimulate the production of affordable housing for low and moderate income residents in the city.
The recommendation of Honey comb design of housing to enhance to provide small courtyard neighborhoods block
of apartment form normal design communities to cul-de-sac communities. Meanwhile, the several strategies are
discussed in the Eco-SMART housing including compact density approach, flexi layout scheme and SOHO design
(mixed-used).
The Eco-green Building will contribute in the development planning to success the Eco-SMART city concept that
manages energy efficiency among the building itself. The key principle of this design is green building design, green
construction and green materials, intelligent building system (IBS) and building energy optimization.
The guiding principle of comprehensive infrastructure and facilities should be contributed to success Eco-SMART city
concept. The provision of recreation facilities should emphasize interaction between human made and natural
environment. The community-centre school is one of strategy to enhance community walkable as well as gain
knowledge and learning.
The Smart Grid system will help to manage the network of building, household and green industry with cost benefits
includes renewable energy sources, wastewater management and energy efficiency.
The Eco-SMART city concept is emphasizing walkability and public transport to manage zero waste of gas carbon
emission and enhance the public healthy. The design of road network, street and pedestrian eco-friendly should be
implemented in high performance and high quality of lifestyle.
The design of smaller neighborhood centers will keep local shopping that community not need vehicle and just walk
to the destination within 5 minute walking distance. It also encourages community for cycling that health benefits
and cost benefits as well as not produce carbon gas emission to atmosphere.
All the design elements must represent the sense of community to encourage interactions among people. For Eco-
SMART city concept, it is able to promote social interaction, community development, community building and
smart community for long life learning purpose. The provision of community facilities and services should refer to
human scale and social needs to sustain the equity for every people.
Environment •Easy access to greenery in urban setting•Sky-rise greenery: vertical greenery, rooftop greenery…
•Rain garden•Green street

Economy •Smart in economy with efficient use of resources, location and together with the initiative of high
impact economy activities that eventually benefit for environment, people, and productivity.
Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities

Infrastructure •Smart in infrastructure with intelligent and efficient energy resources and waste management
Housing Vibrant and compact housing

•Design of eco-friendly housing area •Adaptation of green building design •Design of housing layout -
able to create high environmental and social interaction
Easy Mobility
Transportation •Smart design of transportation infrastructure through the implementation of Transit Oriented
Development•High degree of mobility and accessibility•Potential to reduce the Ecological Footprint
•High level of social interaction through design of physical elements.•Walkable, neighbourhood-based
Social
design, compact and mixed-used development, for social -economically benefits, high public
participation and community spirit.
Content:
5.Easy mobility
Conclusion
Eco-smart is enveloped by landscape and nature features. People are immersed in a world of invigorating green and
scenic view.
Eco-smart city also refined with eco-friendly feature. Greenery and active energy can obtain from street landscaping
and also housing design.
Environment conservation enhances and put biodiversity forward so the people can easily connect to nature and
living within Nature’s warm embrace.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. With strategies applied to
protect and maximize biodiversity and also reintroduce nature and landscape back into the city and living space, Eco-
smart city also integrate with green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living environment.
Eco-smart town introduce the novel notion of living with beautiful, landscaped serene and natural greenery. This
lively environment is best formed through focus on local biodiversity, habitat and ecology, wildlife rehabilitation,
forest conservation and protecting of regional characteristic. In order to create a balanced biodiversity, eco-smart
town prepare ready access to public parks, gardens and public spaces, with the opportunity for leisure and
recreation. The connections with nature are essential components of a eco city.
By implement and interact with green infrastructure and intelligent housing design, Eco-smart practice principle of
ecological based on natural cycle. It preserves and maximized its open space, natural landscape and recreation
opportunities in order to create an eco-friendly environment and healthy community. In the city, Eco-smart also
introduces individual inner city garden, urban farming/ agriculture in urban area, green rooftop in all new urban
development.
Eco-smart needs to maximize the resilience of the eco-system through urban landscape that mitigates the urban
heat island effect. By using green plants can efficiently increases air purification and urban cooling in urban area.
Landscape planning of Eco-smart should demonstrate the adequately consideration of environment sustainability
and implication for local community and environment.
Landscape character shall assess the global climate change and local environment. In particular landscape in Eco-
smart would create a movement bringing the nature back to concrete jungle.
Design of landscape in Eco-smart incorporate and integrate with green infrastructure, and reach the 3 green
standards of today- GBI, Green Mark and LEED.
Forty percent of the eco-town’s total area should be allocated to green space. Furthermore, at least half should be
public and consist of social networking. The green areas are linked to housing, industry and commercial area.
Eco-smart demonstrates a range of type of green space, for example of green belt, wetland and public parks. These
green areas are well managed with high quality landscape. This landscaping should be multifunctional and accessible
for recreation and relax, also provide nature green canopy for walking and cycling.
 Urban green-space network
Green corridor enhance biodiversity by allow species to move between isolated habitats and maintain landscape
connectivity.
Green space connected by corridor is used to protect wildlife and threatened habitats.
 Urban and community forestry
Urban forestry advocates for trees being important elements of the urban infrastructure.
Urban and community forest as a part of ecosystem service, support habitat and biodiversity.
Urban tree management shall be well practices in high density, mixed-use areas in order to improve quality of life for
all district users and create more livable conditions, to include visual amenities, environmental services and
economic development.
Proper management of urban forest (i.e. tree population) for the purpose of improves quality of environment.
 Green ring
Ring of greenery in high density urban setting to link facilities and public amenities to nature.
People are easily connected to natural environment where green ring provide a green space in walkable distance
 Green street
Dutch concept of street design by Hans Monderman encourages alternate modes of movement and inhabitation of
the street-scape, which in this street means utilizing trees to create varied spaces.
Street trees is an important element in urban setting to reduce urban heat island effect and reducing stormwater
runoff, also improve urban aesthetic and air quality.
Space for tree growing is limited in inhospitable environments, with the soil on street is compacted during
construction of paved surface and minimized as underground utilities encroach on root space.
Trees are provided with larger tree boxes or structural soils, root paths, or “silva cells”.
Green street enhance landscape to support walking and cycling in an attractive, with open space such as wider
boulevards, sidewalks, multi-use pathways, street trees and other landscaping, and roadway feature.
In overall green landscape on street improve the environmental quality and “greening” of infrastructure.
Designing of landscape on street shall consider the plants character and context, and also the types of users, the
right-of-way dimensions, and its transportation role.
 Rain Garden
s4.jpg
Rain garden design in Eco-smart city can efficiently reduce rain runoff by allowing stormwater to soak into the
ground.
Planting in rain garden allow rainwater runoff from impervious urban areas like roofs, driveways, walkways, parking
lots, and compacted lawn areas the opportunity to be absorbed.
Rain garden using advantage of deep-rooted native plants and grasses to capture rainwater runoff and stop the
water from reaching the sewer system.
Strategies:
 Sky-rise greenery
Sky-rise greenery is a logical and effective and high impact way to re-inject the much needed greenery in urban
setting.
Sky-rise greenery designed to bring more nature and open space in a dense and compact way.
Landscaping in city is improved by sky-rise greenery such as green roof, rooftop garden and green wall.
Greenery integrate into building form provide opportunity to connect to nature in city setting, and also contribute to
social, economic and environment interaction.
Sky rise greenery increase agriculture place in urban setting by planting in limited space.
Zorlu Ecocity in Turkey
 Vertical Greenery
Vertical Garden, Rosario City in Argentina- riverside urban space both a horizontal and vertical uplift
Executive summary
The main feature of eco-city is to encourage conservation and preservation of ecological and ecosystem surrounding
urban area. Therefore, the development planning must be connecting to nature to sustain current and future
biodiversity as well as reduce climate change.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. It also should integrate with
green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living environment. In order to create a balanced biodiversity, eco-
smart town prepare ready access to public parks, gardens and public spaces, with the opportunity for leisure and
recreation.
The principle of economy in Eco-SMART city concept is sustainable and efficient economy that promotes the healthy
economic activities and beneficial the aspect of environment, people and profit. It has recognize three principle
elements including 1)creating self-sustaining economic , 2)efficient, competitive and high impact of industrial and
commercial, 3) promoting green economy activities , so that, it tries to reap the potential of environment protection
for the economical benefit.
The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is designed to

stimulate the production of affordable housing for low and moderate income residents in the city.
The recommendation of Honey comb design of housing to enhance to provide small courtyard neighborhoods block
of apartment form normal design communities to cul-de-sac communities. Meanwhile, the several strategies are
discussed in the Eco-SMART housing including compact density approach, flexi layout scheme and SOHO design
(mixed-used).
The Eco-green Building will contribute in the development planning to success the Eco-SMART city concept that
manages energy efficiency among the building itself. The key principle of this design is green building design, green
construction and green materials, intelligent building system (IBS) and building energy optimization.
The guiding principle of comprehensive infrastructure and facilities should be contributed to success Eco-SMART city
concept. The provision of recreation facilities should emphasize interaction between human made and natural
environment. The community-centre school is one of strategy to enhance community walkable as well as gain
knowledge and learning.
The Smart Grid system will help to manage the network of building, household and green industry with cost benefits
includes renewable energy sources, wastewater management and energy efficiency.
The Eco-SMART city concept is emphasizing walkability and public transport to manage zero waste of gas carbon
emission and enhance the public healthy. The design of road network, street and pedestrian eco-friendly should be
implemented in high performance and high quality of lifestyle.
The design of smaller neighborhood centers will keep local shopping that community not need vehicle and just walk
to the destination within 5 minute walking distance. It also encourages community for cycling that health benefits
and cost benefits as well as not produce carbon gas emission to atmosphere.
All the design elements must represent the sense of community to encourage interactions among people. For Eco-
SMART city concept, it is able to promote social interaction, community development, community building and
smart community for long life learning purpose. The provision of community facilities and services should refer to
human scale and social needs to sustain the equity for every people.
Environment •Easy access to greenery in urban setting•Sky-rise greenery: vertical greenery, rooftop greenery…
•Rain garden•Green street

Economy •Smart in economy with efficient use of resources, location and together with the initiative of high
impact economy activities that eventually benefit for environment, people, and productivity.
Infrastructure Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities

•Smart in infrastructure with intelligent and efficient energy resources and waste management
Vibrant and compact housing

Housing •Design of eco-friendly housing area •Adaptation of green building design •Design of housing layout -
able to create high environmental and social interaction
Easy Mobility
Transportation •Smart design of transportation infrastructure through the implementation of Transit Oriented
Development•High degree of mobility and accessibility•Potential to reduce the Ecological Footprint
•High level of social interaction through design of physical elements.•Walkable, neighbourhood-based
Social
design, compact and mixed-used development, for social -economically benefits, high public
participation and community spirit.
Content:
5.Easy mobility
Conclusion
Eco-smart is enveloped by landscape and nature features. People are immersed in a world of invigorating green and
scenic view.
Eco-smart city also refined with eco-friendly feature. Greenery and active energy can obtain from street landscaping
and also housing design.
Environment conservation enhances and put biodiversity forward so the people can easily connect to nature and
living within Nature’s warm embrace.
Eco-smart emphasizes integration of human and green sanctuary within intelligent city. With strategies applied to
protect and maximize biodiversity and also reintroduce nature and landscape back into the city and living space, Eco-
smart city also integrate with green infrastructure to provide a sustainable living environment.
Eco-smart town introduce the novel notion of living with beautiful, landscaped serene and natural greenery. This
lively environment is best formed through focus on local biodiversity, habitat and ecology, wildlife rehabilitation,
forest conservation and protecting of regional characteristic. In order to create a balanced biodiversity, eco-smart
town prepare ready access to public parks, gardens and public spaces, with the opportunity for leisure and
recreation. The connections with nature are essential components of a eco city.
By implement and interact with green infrastructure and intelligent housing design, Eco-smart practice principle of
ecological based on natural cycle. It preserves and maximized its open space, natural landscape and recreation
opportunities in order to create an eco-friendly environment and healthy community. In the city, Eco-smart also
introduces individual inner city garden, urban farming/ agriculture in urban area, green rooftop in all new urban
development.
Eco-smart needs to maximize the resilience of the eco-system through urban landscape that mitigates the urban
heat island effect. By using green plants can efficiently increases air purification and urban cooling in urban area.
Landscape planning of Eco-smart should demonstrate the adequately consideration of environment sustainability
and implication for local community and environment.
Landscape character shall assess the global climate change and local environment. In particular landscape in Eco-
smart would create a movement bringing the nature back to concrete jungle.
Design of landscape in Eco-smart incorporate and integrate with green infrastructure, and reach the 3 green
standards of today- GBI, Green Mark and LEED.
Forty percent of the eco-town’s total area should be allocated to green space. Furthermore, at least half should be
public and consist of social networking. The green areas are linked to housing, industry and commercial area.
Eco-smart demonstrates a range of type of green space, for example of green belt, wetland and public parks. These
green areas are well managed with high quality landscape. This landscaping should be multifunctional and accessible
for recreation and relax, also provide nature green canopy for walking and cycling.
 Urban green-space network
Green corridor enhance biodiversity by allow species to move between isolated habitats and maintain landscape
connectivity.
Green space connected by corridor is used to protect wildlife and threatened habitats.
 Urban and community forestry
Urban forestry advocates for trees being important elements of the urban infrastructure.
Urban and community forest as a part of ecosystem service, support habitat and biodiversity.
Urban tree management shall be well practices in high density, mixed-use areas in order to improve quality of life for
all district users and create more livable conditions, to include visual amenities, environmental services and
economic development.
Proper management of urban forest (i.e. tree population) for the purpose of improves quality of environment.
 Green ring
Ring of greenery in high density urban setting to link facilities and public amenities to nature.
People are easily connected to natural environment where green ring provide a green space in walkable distance
 Green street
Dutch concept of street design by Hans Monderman encourages alternate modes of movement and inhabitation of
the street-scape, which in this street means utilizing trees to create varied spaces.
Street trees is an important element in urban setting to reduce urban heat island effect and reducing stormwater
runoff, also improve urban aesthetic and air quality.
Space for tree growing is limited in inhospitable environments, with the soil on street is compacted during
construction of paved surface and minimized as underground utilities encroach on root space.
Trees are provided with larger tree boxes or structural soils, root paths, or “silva cells”.
Green street enhance landscape to support walking and cycling in an attractive, with open space such as wider
boulevards, sidewalks, multi-use pathways, street trees and other landscaping, and roadway feature.
In overall green landscape on street improve the environmental quality and “greening” of infrastructure.
Designing of landscape on street shall consider the plants character and context, and also the types of users, the
right-of-way dimensions, and its transportation role.
 Rain Garden
s4.jpg
Rain garden design in Eco-smart city can efficiently reduce rain runoff by allowing stormwater to soak into the
ground.
Planting in rain garden allow rainwater runoff from impervious urban areas like roofs, driveways, walkways, parking
lots, and compacted lawn areas the opportunity to be absorbed.
Rain garden using advantage of deep-rooted native plants and grasses to capture rainwater runoff and stop the
water from reaching the sewer system.
Strategies:
 Sky-rise greenery
Sky-rise greenery is a logical and effective and high impact way to re-inject the much needed greenery in urban
setting.
Sky-rise greenery designed to bring more nature and open space in a dense and compact way.
Landscaping in city is improved by sky-rise greenery such as green roof, rooftop garden and green wall.
Greenery integrate into building form provide opportunity to connect to nature in city setting, and also contribute to
social, economic and environment interaction.
Sky rise greenery increase agriculture place in urban setting by planting in limited space.
 Vertical Greenery
Clean-lined office surrounded by the rolling Bío Bío hills in the center of Concepción, Chile - make great use of the
insulating and air-purifying benefits of green walls at high rise building
Clean-lined office surrounded by the rolling Bío Bío hills in the center of Concepción, Chile - make great use of the
insulating and air-purifying benefits of green walls at high rise building
Vertical greenery create new dimension in urban landscaping.

Plants are incorporated within vertical surface of building.
It commonly involved climbing plants with adventitious, self-clinging roots growing directly on coarse building
surface.
 Rooftop greenery
Rooftop greenery refers to the greening efforts and landscaping on rooftop.

Rooftop greenery create green sense in urban setting. Furthermore, it also maintain and enhance the biodiversity
through conscious section of vegetation species and landscape materials.
Rooftop greenery also as a strategy that respects the existing ecology.
 Green roof (extensive rooftop greenery)
Green roof as a suitable rooftop greenery strategy greening the rooftop of existing buildings and structures.
Green rooftop serves several purposes for a building.
A thin vegetation support layer on top of building, green rooftop supports a limited range of vegetation species.
 Roof garden (intensive rooftop greenery
Roof garden is designed as an accessible outdoor space for leisure and has a more elaborate and aesthetic layout.
Roof garden, Battery Park City, New York
Roof garden, Battery Park City, New York
Guideline 2 Open space and public space- parks, gardens and recreation areas
The first principle of Eco-smart’s environment is to create a park-like living realm. An eco-friendly city shall be no
jarring note with trees, shrubs, lawns and garden to merge into a natural serene. Provision of parks, gardens, open
space and planting with trees and grass of part of street create greater opportunity of social interaction.
The open spaces and public realms reserves provided as iconic of Eco-smart city. Parks and gardens are prized as
landmark in the heart of city. The provision of green space as a share of total city land is to be performed in
combination with densification activities.
Open public space possible incorporation of urban farming and urban forestry, such as a paddy field for education
purposes. Enhancement of biodiversity in open public space design create health living and well-being.
Parks and gardens are set as benchmark of natural living and as immediately access to connect with nature.
Community open spaces and gardens are provided at the rear of smaller residential building blocks for the local
community to share.
40% of land area shall be allocated for open space and public realms. Creations of waterways, lakes, creeks,
landscape themed parks, lush walkways, and forest park in urban area provide a unique tough of natural
environment.
 Green Open Space

Dhoby Ghaut Green, Singapore – green public space above above Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station for community
gathering
Dhoby Ghaut Green, Singapore – green public space above above Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station for community gathering
Green open space is a medium sized public space available for unstructured recreation.
Open space commonly circumscribed by building facades.
Landscape of green open space consists of grassy areas and trees, naturalistically disposed and requiring substantial
maintenance.
 Public square and plaza
Public square and plaza as interaction place for civic purpose and commercial activities.Walkway in square and plaza
should be circumscribed by frontages.Landscape in square and plaza shall consists of durable pavement for parking
and trees
 Pocket community garden
A grouping of garden plots available for small scale cultivation, generally to housing area.
Pocket community garden is valuable for recreation and communal role.
Location of community garden should easy accessible and near to dwelling in Honey Comb designed housing area.
The distance of packer garden and playground should be not more than 100m away.
Setia Eco-Park, Shah Alam – community garden and lake.
Setia Eco-Park, Shah Alam – community garden and lake.

Guideline 3 Natural (forest and sensitive area) preservation and conservation
Eco-smart conserves nature resources. The urban development respect natural energy streams and river banks, and
also retains biodiversity. This action also aims to maximizing species diversity.
 Existing Natural Resources Protection and Enhancement
Key habitat areas need to be preserved and conserved in order to maintain sufficient quality and quantity to support
biodiversity. These are included designated conservation sides, and habitats of national, regional and local
importance.
Natural environment conservation is the main priority. Long term management and conversation will be required.
 Biodiversity
Enhancing biodiversity should be a fundamental part of Eco-smart development.

The city is expected to achieve a net gain in biodiversity and reduce ecology footprint.
All areas of existing habitat of national, regional or local importance will be protected, and measures will be put in
place to optimize their condition (including increasing populations of characteristic species and those of conservation
importance).
Strategies:
 Environment Impact Assessment
Development project should be mitigated for compensatory measure to ensure the overall gain in biodiversity. Eco-
smart development project proposal will need to include an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report, context
study and careful consideration of footprint of the development.
 Sensitive area and preservation zone conservation
Selected areas of land, forest and sea should be set aside as sensitive areas. The sensitive area where people are
allowed access, but none of development may be taken. Activities in sensitive areas are strictly controlled.
 Green belt
Buffer zone created beyond which industries activities cannot be carry on. Conservation and preservation of green
belt at countryside for the purpose of protect sensitive area and maintain ecological balance.
Green belt has to set aside near urban area or developed land to provide open space, offer light recreational
opportunities or contain development.
Future townscape in Eco-smart – highly connected to natural via greenery in urban setting. Source: TianJin Eco-town
Future townscape in Eco-smart – highly connected to natural via greenery in urban setting. Source: TianJin Eco-town
2. Sustainable and Efficient Economy

Sustainable and efficient economy principle in Eco-Smart City is meant to promote the healthy economic activities
and beneficial the aspect of environment, people and profit. It attempts to enhance the potential of city’s economy
without compromise the importance of environment asset. In fact, it tries to reap the potential of environment
protection for the economical benefit.
Sustainable and efficient economy principle in this eco-city will lay on three-principle elements that are:
 Creating self-sustaining economic

 Efficient, Competitive and High Impact of Industrial and Commercial Activities
 Promoting Green Economy Activities
These entire principles element are then translated into physical dimension through the strategies and guidelines.
Principle Element 1: Creating Self-sustaining Economic

A city should be able to support its own economic system without depending too much on the outside resources. A
city should take advantage of benefits that exist at the local context efficiently. In order to achieve this objective, two
strategies are adopted, that are supporting the local economic development and empowering local resources. Local
economic development strategies include:
1. Supporting small-medium enterprise (SME),

2. Supporting and encourage formation of formal or informal and newly emerging businesses or enterprises,
3. Focusing on location regeneration and disadvantaged groups,
4. Encourage local small store or market instead of big supermarket,
5. Priorities on agriculture sector in order to support the city’s food supply.
Meanwhile for empowering local resources, two strategies are adopted that are supporting the local agriculture
sector and implementing strategy of natural reinvestment among various interest groups. Agriculture sector should
be promoted in order to attain self-sufficiency in food production particularly for the city demand. However, it
should be applied in such a way that it will not bring any harmful toward the environment but should be design so
that the synergy with environment exist. While the nature asset that contribute toward the ecosystem and valuable
as the input sources for production in the city should be preserved and protected. In order to preserve its existence,
initiative to reinvest back toward nature sustainability should be adopted as important strategy in Eco-Smart City
which involving various interest group such as industrial organisation, the local government and the individual city
members.
Guideline
 Local small store should be provided in each neighbourhood centre. This store will serve as a neighbourhood
commercial centre for their daily need without having to travel far away. Besides that, this commercial
centre should play a role to collect, buy and sell the local agriculture product.
 Centre for local skill development should be built in the city. Development of local skill level is essential as
one initiative to increase the local economy. These skills include entrepreneurship skill, business skill, and
technical skill.
 Empowering agriculture sector to support the city food supply can be done by allocate agriculture land at
the urban fringe. The initiative should be compelled with the sustainable agriculture approach. For small-
scale agriculture production, it can be applied at the rooftop farming. Large-scale agriculture farming must
be operated without degrade the environment through the adopting of “Permaculture” concept.
 Commercial and industrial sector bodies need to have formal initiative to protect and preserve environment.
This initiative will ensure the sustainability of nature asset.
Principle Element 2: Enhance Human Capital & High Impact Industrial Development
The direction of Eco-Smart City economic development will focus on the activities that have high spill-over effect on
the development of human capital. To achieve this objective, the economic activities in this city should focusing on
the activities that have high value such as high technology, IT-based industrial and son on particularly for the
industrial sector. Industrial activities that able in increase the community’s human capital value will help to enhance
the development of city.
For the economy activities remain vibrant in the city, the location factor is crucial aspect need to be considered. This
principle element will lay on the advantages of agglomeration economies and proximity. Agglomeration of
economies is the economies benefit that resulted when the economic entities locating to each other. The successful
of agglomeration of economies lies on the ability to make the industries efficient for production. It goes hand in hand
with the proximity among jobs, homes, commercial area, and recreation which able to improve fluidity of markets
for land, labour and products. Both concepts will ensure the economic activities remain competitive, productive and
viable.
Therefore, determination location of economic activities in the city is very crucial aspect that needs to be considered
deeply. Economic activities need to be located in cluster so that the benefit of agglomeration economies can exists
and able to increase the economic productivity. More than that, the connectivity between surrounding cities or
region will be improved from the clustering of economies. Besides these cluster, another crucial aspect is the
relationship between the economic activities and its elements. The economic activities need to have good link
between the input sources, workforce, commercial area, and other facilities. This can be realised through the
implementation of the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and with support of good infrastructure.
Guideline
 High-technology industrial must designed as one cluster industrial park and integrated with other land use
such commercial area, residential area and recreation area. This design element will ensure the benefit of
agglomeration exist and reduce to reduce the vehicle movement.
 High-technology industries must have formal relation with the local higher education or research and
innovation institute to ensure the knowledge and skills sharing. Therefore, local higher education or research
and innovation institute facilities are required.
 The industrial and commercial area must have good accessibility for various mode of transportation. A good
infrastructure especially road should be provided along side with the emphasizing of Transit Oriented
Development. This will ensure the fluidity of resources, labour, product market.
 The input supply and services for production should come within the region vicinity.
Principle Element 3: Promoting Green Economy Activities
In this principle element, it attempts to promote viable industrial activities by the productive use of natural
resources. It can be achieve through the concept of maximise the resource productivity and minimise the resource
intensity.
There are three strategies adopted in this principle element which are by implementing the closed-loop system
manufacturing, which mean every output of manufacturing or commercial area should be either be composted into
natural nutrients and returned to ecosystem or be remanufactured into new products. This strategy is not just
reduces the waste and protect environment but it’s also contribute on the productivity.
Secondly, a solution-based industrial approach which mean to change the conventionally excessive use of resources
to produce and selling product to a new direction of solving problem service-based of business. Instead of focusing
on totally on the production or sales of goods, in this strategy, the production should come with the flow of services
in order to increase and make the value of produced good longer. This strategy is not just to avoid unnecessary
waste and maximising the product value, but it also can increase the profit.
The third strategy is to encourage the adoptive of production and application of alternative, innovative,
environmentally friendly technologies as the solution to the high cost conventional product.
Guideline
 Each commercial and industrial centre should be provided with recycling centre. Every waste that generate
by these location should be send to recycling centre processed to a new product.
 For industrial centre, an integrated wastewater treatment plant should be provided to purify the water to be
used again or released safety to the nature.
 Industrial or commercial activities should be not produces high volume of waste and required to recycle
every waste that they produced.
 Commercial or industrial activities are encouraged to adopt solution-based approach. Instead of just
producing the product, commercial and industrial activities should provide with the services expertise for
their products to increase the value of the product and to avoid unnecessary usage of resources.
 The commercial and industrial activities must adopting alternative and environmentally friendly technologies
in production. This includes the application of green infrastructure and facilities.
3. Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities
The initiative for convey Eco-SMART city concept with guiding principle of comprehensive infrastructure and
facilities.
 Providing flexible community facilities (with not ignoring social needs) to used with include group of young
people, older people and disability
 Designing the effective facilities to recover waste resources such as stormwater and solid waste
 Smart location (strategic place) of recreation and open spaces for public benefits as well as manage waste
resources
 Boosting the interaction between infrastructure and community to sustain the city
 Managing renewable energy sources with technology to sustain over waste production
Principle 1: Maximize convenient and flexible in recreational and facilities for public benefit
Besides providing adequate facilities for public, a planning should know and upgrade the social needs such high
performance of public spaces to ensure their quality of life. The current developments always ignoring part of
community include minority, ‘silent majority’ and young people. The standards requirements of recreational and
facilities must be changed. The Eco-SMART city concept is emphasizing the green physical design to increase and
improve the relationship between human made and natural environment. For example, designs of ‘Pocket Garden’
as recreation central in community area to provide opportunity for public close to mother natural especially who live
in city. The initiative of provide recreation area not only fulfill planning standards, but the open spaces should give
public benefits value. In simply way, the recreation area has value of learning purpose such botanic garden for
community.
To success Eco-SMART city concept, the facilities should encourage easy access around the city. There are four main
aspects to integrate the sustainable facilities in the city that relate to education, health related, green and open
spaces and community centers. Besides the efficient and sufficient of facility, the maintenance also important to
ensure it performs with more value. The facility should locate close to public places such residential area to ensure
high performance. Meanwhile, the safety aspect should be involved in facilities provided. The design of facilities is
need flexible and environment friendly.
GCIF (Global City Indicators Facility) recognized by Government of Ontario, Canada as a tool to measure the quality
of facility is provided in the city, so that, the facility is efficient and increase the quality of life in the city services.
The school should provide at the centre place and close to residential area to encourage students, staff, teachers and
entire community can walk to school as well as exercise their body. For instance, the community-centred school has
implemented to create smaller learning environment to community for providing high quality of education (Thomas
A.Kube, 2004) such as Westerly Creek Elementary School and Odyssey Charter School is located near to residential
less than 10minute walking distance.
Strategy
 High performance of green space and facilities

 Encourage network connections of people use and public spaces
 Easy access for public use
 Encourage walkable for community
 Represent the identity and culture of local people
Guideline
 locate human-scale public garden nearby residential area for sharing health benefits
 planting native trees around living area and streets for shading purpose
 education value of recreation usage such as botanic garden
 provide spaces (land) to enhance individual planting
 providing kindergarten, primary school and secondary school based on ratio size of population
 locate school within 10minutes walking distance
 gathering place among communities is locate at the centre places
 health care services such polyclinic
 providing community hall for meeting place between village head and residents
Principle 2: Using water efficient for household and economy and improve water management
The city has always facing serious problem of lack of clean water supply for household and business. Meanwhile, the
water pollution caused by industrial and commercial sectors. Not proper management of drainage system to sustain
the wastewater. Hence, it is essential to implement the new ideal system to manage wastewater and solve the
problem of water efficiency such as stormwater management through design of planning. The design public spaces
include ‘Green Street’ and ‘Rain Garden’ is encouraged to reduce impact of stormwater problem to the land.
The city should implement practice of water conservation to reduce water demand, reduce the cost of water and
wastewater treatment and save energy (Rural Community Assistance Corporation, 2009). The purpose of water
conservation is that:
 Reduces the amount of water withdrawn from water supply sources

 Reduces water use within indoor and outdoor
 Reduces water loss or waste
 Improves the efficiency of water use
 Increases water recycling and reuse
 Prevents water pollution
The United State has recognized that water utility can manage to reduce water demands by implement sound water
efficiency practices. The strategy to success the water conservation programme is:
 To evaluate the current conditions of utility with tool of Systems Conditions Summary Worksheet
 To analyze current systems condition of pattern use by residential demand, non-residential demand, and
detailed information to assess water utility tracks
 To conduct a water audit system to determine how a system efficiently operate
The rainwater harvesting should manage ideally through residential and building to achieve sustainable water
resources and recover stormwater runoff. The building and landscape should design to maximize of catchment area
to implement rainwater harvesting. The rainwater collected in household can use as outdoor water use include car
washing and garden irrigation.
Apart from this, it is essential to manage grey water to reduce water demands and supply. The grey water is the
water used in the household except water from toilets. The supplement infrastructure of grey water system among
household and office building will help to manage wastewater as well as cost benefits because no need water
treatment and save cost of water used by consumer (household and shop owner).
Strategy
 Water conservation practice programme.

 Water utility with method of sound water efficiency practices.
 Efficient management of wastewater to reduce water demands and water treatment.
 Comprehensive drainage system to support grey water system and wastewater recycling system.
 Design of planning elements such street, landscape and green spaces to enhance catchment of stormwater.
Guideline
 Implement water conservation practice worksheet .

 Provide efficient water management system such sound water efficiency practice.
 Implement wastewater recycling system that filter the water used and then reused in the buildings toilets.
 Grey water system apply in household and business.
 Smart grid for household and building with efficient drainage system.
 Design of landscaping such as green street and rain garden.
 provide rainwater harvesting tank for household and commercial
Diagram: System management of grey water in the building
(source: Brooks Patrik , Sept 2011)
Principle 3: Efficiency of energy uses and minimize energy consumption

In urban area, the energy consumption of household, commercial and industry are high yearly. The building is using
high demand of energy consumption especially high-rise office and TOD building such as air-conditioning, lift and
lighting. In household, residents also consume much electricity for their daily life such using electric and electronic
material. Furthermore, the industry either domestic or manufacture is need high voltage of power to produce their
production. Thus, it is need more sources to generate the electricity for energy supply.
Statistic of Energy Use in Malaysia based on sector, 1997

(Source: Statistic of Electricity Supply in Malaysia, Energy Commission, Malaysia (2007)
There also has serious problem of over density of landfill as uncontrolled of municipal solid waste. The guiding
principle of eco-city is implemented zero waste either construction waste, household waste or industry waste. In
other hand, it should transfer those waste to energy to generate energy for electricity supply. The sustainable of
waste management approach is through recycling system. For instance, it should locate recycle bins and tank near to
household to avoid transport used that the vehicle will produce carbon gas emission.
Therefore, it is essential to evaluate existing local energy resources to help to generate the electricity. To sustain
electricity generated, the renewable energy sources should be encouraging. The need of managing renewable
energy sources to ensure energy management efficiently. Reduction of energy waste is more cost effective than
replacing an energy source (RCAC, 2009).
The way to achieve use of renewable energy is through CEDAR approach recognized by Tom Potter (Director of Rural
Programs, Southwest Energy Efficiency Project).
 Conservation
 Efficiency
 Demand peak reduction
 Ancillary reductions of non-metered energy and carbon emissions
 Renewable
Example of renewable energy source is biomass to generate electricity as well as minimizing waste resources.
Biomass energy is obtained from food crops, wood waste, municipal and industrial waste and residue from
agriculture or forestry. The biomass source is cost benefits because it can transfer to several usable forms of energy
include methane gas or transportation fuels such ethanol and bio-diesel. Although biomass is useful renewable
energy sources, but the implementation strategy need to cover gaseous from burning to avoid environment
pollution.
Strategy
 Implement feed-in-tariff (FIT) for 10years for future potential in biomass conservation to energy.
 Quota set for renewable energy technologies (FIT policy) by Malaysia Buiding Integrated Photovoltaic
(MBPIV)
 Anaerobic Digestion method for converting biomass.
 Life cycle energy analysis approach
 Reproduce production using recycled materials.
 Smart grid management to control the operation of recycling system and other solid waste.
Guideline
 Community scale of facility to demonstrate renewable energy system such biomass energy.
 Smart grid system help to locate the renewable energy facility.
 Build green industry to reproduce recycled material and other waste.
 Locate recycling center with smart grid approach.
 Provide recycle tank for each industry to collect their construction waste.
 Collect recycling materials with support of green mobility community bus.
Diagram below for showing in case of Smart Management in city
(source:http://www.greenpurchasingasia.com/content/smart-cities-tomorrow )
 Energy performance is affected and depended by the technology of energy generation such renewable vs
fossil fuels (UNCSD, March 2011). Energy management systems must able to support the diversified energy
sources and new issues along with it.
 The term of ‘intelligent water’ system is recognized that incorporate IT (information technology) into the
water cycle. A city should emphasize the water infrastructure and management of water sources to ensure
that shortage of water supply and water pollution. The essential of solution and actions to recover
wastewater must be implement such water treatment plants and sewage treatment plants are also part of
network that establish high quality of water supply and sewage infrastructure (green purchasing asia)
 Smart grid in building and household is to encourage to reduce energy consumption and to encourage more
efficient energy management that support with internet network. For building, the smart grid will help to
solve in making of renewable energy more scrabble through more efficient energy transmission systems
(Warren Karlenzig, August 2011)
4. Eco Smart Housing
The ECO S.M.A.R.T. Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is designed to
stimulate the production of affordable housing for low and moderate income residents in eco Town S.M.A.R.T.
Housing meets the City’s Green Building stands and is located in the neighborhood throughout the Eco Smart City.
SMART Housing Approach
 Safe (meeting nationally recognized building code and locally approved land-use standards).
 Located in Mixed-income neighborhoods.
 Accessible to people with disabilities.
 (serving families at 80%or below who spend no more than 30% of their gross income on mortgage or rent
and utilities).
 Transit-oriented (located within a specified distance of a transit stop at full occupancy).
 Meets Green Building standards.
More Affordable Housing and Housing Choice: S.M.A.R.T. Housing developments provide a broad array of affordable
housing choices, including single-family infill, new subdivisions, and multifamily apartments and condominiums.
Currently, the first S.M.A.R.T. Housing live-work development has been completed and other mixed-use
developments are preparing to enter the development review process.
 Higher Quality Housing: Safe, Energy Efficient, Transit Oriented and Accessible:
While not all of the units in any given S.M.A.R.T. Housing development are required to be affordable, all units are
required to meet transit-oriented, Green Building, and accessibility or visit ability standards that exceed city of
Austin code standards. This results in new dwelling units that are more energy efficient, accessible, and located close
to transit service.
Guideline 1 Master Layout Design

Master layout planning of Eco Smart Housing should be demonstrate the adequately consideration of environment
& social sustainability and implication for local community and environment.
The “Honey Comb Housing Design” is the key element to provide small courtyard neighborhoods block of apartment
form normal design communities to cul-de-sac communities.
The benefit of honeycomb design layout is to achieving more social interaction between the living residents. Pocket
park been created in the central of the cul-dec-sec to provide more green open space for the local communities.
The Usage of Cul-de-sacs is popular as they are perceived as being safer, more exclusive and neighborly. According to
study, between the ‘grid’, ‘loops’ and cul-de-sacs, the latter were the most popular. Cul-de-sac is made bigger so as
to fit in a public green area in the middle in order to meet local planning regulations that require 10% of any
residential development to be open space. Then an interlocking arrangement of cul-de-sacs is created such that each
building lot would face two or three cul-de-sacs.
As the buildings are divided, the land area and the built-up area become smaller; the number of units in the layout
and the density of the development go up to rival that obtained in high rise house developments. In this way, the
housing units become less expensive. Yet each house still retains a public access. The size and shape of the external
environment are not changed – only now more units share it. Since houses are built around a small park with
plentiful shady trees, this communal garden is easily accessible to all in the cul-de-sac, allowing it to act as a social
focus that can interaction and encourage neighborly spirit.
The courtyard area is a “defensible space” as well, as it acts naturally to reduce crime in the sense that strangers are
quickly spotted. The short winding roads put a stop to speeding traffic, and certain to dissuade snatch thieves on
motorcycles therefore becoming safe for children, pedestrians and cyclists.
Guideline 2 Housing for All
The key principle of Eco S.M.A.R.T. Housing is to provide affordable housing to different level of people. An eco-
friendly city shall be having public housing which are contains of various type of housing in term of their dwelling
unit size, implication, density, usage to cater different level of people in the society.
Affordable housing is focusing on to provide the correct & actual housing to the low income and poor community in
the normal eco city approach.
In Eco S.M.A.R.T. Housing approach, new lifestyle of housing living is been introduced. Instead of providing
affordable housing, public housing with the vision of “Housing for All” is been implanted into the Eco Smart City.
3 main strategies to achieve the vision “Housing of All” included
 Compact Density Approach

 Flexi Layout Scheme
 SOHO (mixed used development)
Strategies
1. Compact Density Approach

Compact & Vibrant design approach should be adopted in the eco smart city where more buildings, residences,
shops, and services should be closer together for ease of walking, to enable a more efficient use of services and
resources, and to create a more convenient, enjoyable place to live.
High density approach should be one of the key elements to achieve eco-friendly design. In Eco smart city. All
proposed housing should be in mixed used & compact design where vertical up density is much better compare to
the sprawl development. Higher density in housing would be wise to create more open green space to preserve &
conserve the natural (forest & sensitive area).
Benefit of Compact Density for Eco Smart city are as below:
 Less car dependency thus lower emission.

 Efficient supply of infrastructure and public service.
 Reduced energy consumption.
 Rejuvenation of existing urban areas and urban vitality.
 Better public transport services.
 The preservation of green space.
 Increased overall accessibility.
 Milieu for enhanced business and trading activities.
Efficiency of Eco Compact City Compare to Sprawl City
 It consumes less territory.

 It allows a correct density.
 It allows small retail to be on street and on square.
 It maximizes investment.
 It allows the creation of an efficient network of public utilities.
 It allows the creation of an efficient public transit system.
2.Flexi Layout Scheme
Dwelling layout design serve as the main concern for the Eco Smart City, unit size of each dwelling unit should be
fulfill the need of the resident. Creative & innovative dwelling design been imposed in the Eco Smart City Housing
scheme.
“Flexi Layout Scheme” is the new approach in public housing to meet changing needs and circumstances, changes
of smart lifestyle and facilitate ageing in place quality of life of residents. Flexi Layout Scheme consist a series
package for resident to have their desirable dwelling unit size. Residents also are given options of internal layouts to
choose from:
 Base options for 3-room, 4-room and 5-room Housing

 Larger Living Room and Master Suite options for 3- and 4-room Housing
 Master Suite and Open Plan Living Room options for 5-room Housing
 The selling price of the dwelling will depend on the option chosen by the resident.
 As each dwelling is designed with beam-free ceiling and structural columns located along the perimeter and
to suit the need of resident, there is flexibility in having varied configurations of the internal layouts. This
flexibility allows families to reconfigure their own unit size from time to time as their family is growing bigger
from a single family to several families.
3. SOHO Design (mixed used development)

Small office/home office, or SOHO design which is refers to the category of business or cottage should been
implemented in the Eco Smart Housing Design.
New age of housing should not only provide “shelter” for people for the traditional way. Instead of maintaining the
old way, the new age of living should be transforming and emerged with the working environment for Eat Work Live
Play in a single place. SOHO is the key of success to incorporate the Eco Smart Housing where resident can conduct
commercial activities in their home. Mixed used development can be achieved by SOHO development.
With SOHO Design, all homeowners are allowed to conduct small-scale businesses in their homes under the Home
Office (HO) Scheme.
The scheme allows resident the flexibility to work from the comfort of owns homes. It will help to reduce start-up
costs of small businesses that choose to operate from home rather than rent separate office premises. The scheme
will also save commuting time and expenses, and enable residents to spend more time with their families. Resident
had to ensure that their businesses do not cause disturbance to neighbors or to the residential neighborhood to
ensure that the residential ambience of housing estates is not compromised.
Guideline 3 Eco-Green Building

Eco-Green Building
Ecologically friendly home is Designing an ecologically friendly home is a balancing act and cost will always be a
major factor. It is an unfortunate truth that building projects tend to exceed their budgets and green homes are no
exception. How can a house design be inherently eco-friendly in different way.
Green Building design approach served the main factor to create eco city to be sustainable in the future time. Key
principle of Eco-Green Building Design as follow:
 Green building design

 Green construction & Green
Material
 Intelligent building system (IBS)

 Building energy optimization
Strategies
1. Green Building Design
Focusing on building design, various approach been used to produce green building. Green Building Index (GBI) act
as the indicator to measure the Eco Housing Standard of the housing.
Green building design should be included various approach which are consist of:
 Rain water harvesting

o Rain water to be collected for reused in washroom, kitchen, gardening purposes and act as water
recycling.
o Rain water harvesting to act as second storage supply for household usages.
o Water usage reduction
 Optimize usage of household water by using rain water harvesting.
 Water recycling
 Waste water recycling from household usage. Separate sewerage system to
differentiate the sewerage water and household water.
 Reuse of recycling water into household usage from water recycling center.
 Solar energy
 Installing of solar panel for generate electricity for household usage for
heating and etc.
 Provide energy efficiency usage in the housing design where can reduce
unused energy.
2.Green Construction & Green Material

Green construction’s approach to construction the green building serves as a main factor to reduce the construction
cost of the building. New method of construction by using local based material supplier to save up transportation
cost and other related cost.
 Good Practice Management

o Good project management for construction management from aspect of man power management,
selection of material supplier and etc.
o Construction Material
 Reused of green material or recycle material in construction help to reduce the building
construction cost.
 Reused of construction material in construction for minimize the waste.
3. Intelligent building system (IBS) &

Building energy optimization
Intelligent Building Monitoring System
 Installation of intelligent building system to monitor the eco building to achieve low energy efficiency usage
of the building instead of using building material approach.
 Automatic system in electrical appliance to control the usage of energy usage in household. Optimum energy
usage pattern and system.
Low Carbon Housing
 Reduce underlying energy demand to meet energy demand efficiently.

 Meet the demand through energy generated using low and zero carbon technologies (LZCs) which ensure
that there is effective ongoing management of energy use and carbon emissions.
5. Easy Mobility
Transportation is an essential social and economic activity. Planners and Environmentalists have predicted that
current trends related to motorization will result in economic, social and environmental needs of both current and
future generations not being met. This challenge led to the creation of the concept of sustainable development.A
city is more civilized not when it has highways, but when a child on a tricycle is able to move about everywhere with
ease and safety.
- Enrique Peñalosa, former mayor of Bogotá

Principles for transportation Oriented Development in Smart Town
Intergenerational equity: There should be an equitable distribution of resources between
communities and generations. Both current and future generations should, therefore, be able to
enjoy an acceptable quality of life.

Design based on human scale: Friendly Design based on need and character of people; provide city for all range of
people especially children and disables.
Mobility: public transport in order to connecting the center of Eco town should provide linkage between other
public transportation networks.
Reduction in car dependency: reduce the use of private car with rely on public transportation.
Multi-dimensional: The three dimensions of sustainable development are economic development, environmental
stewardship, and social equity. These dimensions are interrelated
and must be simultaneously addressed in order to meet the needs of current and future generations.
Dynamic: In considering intergenerational equity it is necessary to take cognizance of the factthat the needs of
societies change over space and time.
Strategies for Transit Oriented Development
 Equitable distribution of resources and facilities to easy access for people.

 Engaging resistance in creating a vision for future.
 Designing based on human scale means road and network provision for all rang of people especially
vulnerable (children, old, disables).
 Connection between eco town and public transportation system in order to linkage between public
transport and other system like LRT and Tran as well as MRT and Bus.
 Plan for underground transportation system to reduce traffic congestion and encourage reducing use of
private car, as a new linkage.
 Development in public transportation and create safe and convenient system to reduce dependency on
private car.
 Transportation design to reach comfortable and economical, connecting to nature and reduce carbon
emission and social accessibility.
 Use new and update technology for transportation and road designing based on character of generation.
Dimension for transportation in eco town:
 Social equity: People must be able to interact with one another and with nature. A safe andsecure
environment must be provided. There must be equity between societies, groups andgenerations. It includes
issues such as equity, safety, security, human health, education, and quality of life.
 Economic development: Resources need to be adequately maintained. Financial and economicneeds of
current and future generations must be met. It includes issues such as business activity, employment,
productivity, tax issues.
 Environmental stewardship: Use renewable resources at below their rates of regeneration and
non-renewable resources at below the rates of development of renewable substitutes. Provide aclean
environment for current and future generations.
Transit Oriented Development

During the last decades or more the concept of transit oriented development (TOD) has received widespread
consideration as a way of promoting smart growth development patterns primarily through reducing aggregate
travel demand and increasing mobility. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is an exciting approach to building a
city. It concentrates housing, shopping and employment along a network of walkable and bike able streets within a
five minute walk of transit stations – or 400 meters in any direction. TOD will support the City’s vision of a vibrant,
sustainable city with attractive, livable and more compact communities. The goal is to plan for a more integrated
system which encourages sustainable modes of transit. Is focused on transit and pedestrian circulation. A TOD area:
 Is organized around an identifiable center, where transportation, basic services, and public gathering places
are concentrated.
 Provides area-wide pedestrian access, particularly to the TOD center and transit facilities.
 Includes complementary land uses appropriate for TOD such as high-density residential and neighborhood
serving commercial uses.
 Offers usable and accessible parks and other public spaces, and avoids creating barriers or unnecessarily
increasing walking distances between transit, services, and housing.
 Transitions appropriately between land use, density and scale of new and existing development to protect
privacy and security.
Applying the guidelines of TOD some clarifications is helpful:
 Transit – oriented really means pedestrian – oriented .designing a station area for people rather than
vehicles will ultimately support healthy transit ridership.
Development includes not only building also the sidewalks, streets, bus zones and parks in station areas
 Easy walk as about an half mile or 10 minutes however safe and pleasant surroundings, people may consider
a long walk to be “easy “Placing daily goods and services, as well as recreational destinations, within walking
distance of residents reduces incentives for car ownership and use, supporting transit use for commuting
and other regional travel; orienting building entrances toward transit stops. Pedestrians need to feel safe
when walking. Install bollards, trees, and other street furniture to protect pedestrians and buildings from
errant drivers. Minimize streets widths in the station area to the smallest width needed to accommodate
local travel speeds and emergency vehicle access.
 New development or reconsideration can include the preservation and enhancement of existing natural and
manmade element that give each community its unique sense of place.
Easy Walk and Safety

Main guidelines for TOD
Guideline 1 A TOD neighborhood is center on a rail or bus transit station and extends to an easy walking distance
radius of 400-800m.
Guideline 2 The urban fabric is developed at moderate to higher densities but remains human scaled including
significant provision for public or civic spaces and comprising a mix of residential, employment and retail activities.
Open space and public uses in a walkable environment, making it convenient for residents and employees to travel
by transit, bicycle, foot or car.
Guideline 3Area within walking distance of frequently bus transit should contain a mix density residential,
commercial, high pedestrian activity and focal point for transit trips
Guideline 4Public facilities and commercial building been places near to transit system
Guideline 5 provide multiple and direct street connection between residential, commercial area and working
place which require enhancement in walk way and side walk network:
Side walk guidelines refer to:
 Accessibility: The Sidewalk should be easily accessible to all users, whatever their level of ability.
 Adequate Travel Width: In most areas, two people walking together should be able to pass a third person
comfortably, and different walking speeds should be possible. In areas of intense pedestrian use, sidewalks
should be wider to accommodate the greater volume of walkers.
 Safety: Sidewalk should allow pedestrians to feel a sense of safety and predictability. Sidewalk users should
not feel threatened by adjacent traffic.
 Continuity: The walking route along a Sidewalk should be obvious and should not require pedestrians to
travel out of their way unnecessarily.
 Landscaping: Plantings and street trees in the Sidewalk should create desirable microclimates and should
contribute to the psychological and visual comfort of sidewalk users.
 Social Space: Sidewalk should provide places for people to interact. There should be places for standing,
visiting and sitting. The Sidewalk should be a place where children can safely participate in public life.
 Quality of Place: Sidewalk should contribute to the character of neighborhoods and business districts, and
strengthen their identity.
Guideline 6 Design for pedestrians and transit without excluding the cars. Pedestrian design guideline is including:
1. The pedestrian environment should be safe. Sidewalks, pathways and crossings should be designed and built
to be free of hazards and to minimize conflicts with external factors such as noise, vehicular traffic and
protruding architectural elements.
2. The pedestrian network should be accessible to all. Sidewalks, pathways and crosswalks should ensure the
mobility of all users by accommodating the needs of people regardless of age or ability.
3. The pedestrian network should connect to places people want to go. The pedestrian network should provide
a continuous direct routes and convenient connections between destinations, including homes, schools,
shopping areas, public services, recreational opportunities and transit.
4. The pedestrian environment should be easy to use. Sidewalks, pathways and crossings should be designed
so people can easily find a direct route to a destination and delays are minimized.
5. The pedestrian environment should provide good places. Good design should enhance the look and feel of
the pedestrian environment. The pedestrian environment includes open spaces such as plazas, courtyards,
and squares, as well as the building facades that give shape to the space of the street. Amenities such as
street furniture, banners, art, plantings and special paving, along with historical elements and cultural
references, should promote a sense of place.
6. The pedestrian environment should be used for many things. The pedestrian environment should be a place
where public activities are encouraged. Commercial activities such as dining, vending and advertising may be
permitted when they do not interfere with safety and accessibility.
Guideline 7Promote distinctive communities with a strong sense of place.

Guideline 8Provide a verity of transportation choices for people to bike, walks, and take a transit or drive.
Pedestrian in Eco-town
Walking and cycling are the main modes of TOD, and cars are only needed for travelling out of town and for moving
heavy goods. At 1,500 meters across the town centre is never more than a 10 minute walk away. This may seem long
to anyone used to driving everywhere, but in a pedestrian town where people walk everyday you'd soon get used to
it.
Cycling would be quicker. Even travelling slow enough to mix well with pedestrians, you could still cross the town by
bike in about 8 minutes. And pedicabs would replace conventional taxis.
Smaller neighborhood centers keep local shopping - grocery stores, farm shops and many other services - within a 5
minute walk of every home. Pedestrian towns need to be dense and compact. Here that density is achieved without
resorting to high-rise apartments - residents can still live in a house with a garden. The main thoroughfares within
the town are the pedestrian streets. Free of cars, these streets make walking and cycling safe and enjoyable. Roads
are hidden behind the backs of houses, allowing residents to park their cars on rear driveways but without
compromising the pedestrian environment.
At 600 meters across, these districts are built on the human scale. It takes about 4 minutes to walk from the edge of
a district to its centre where the transport halt and the majority of shops are located.
Since these districts are fully pedestrianized, then instead of the fumes and engine noise and horns and danger of
other cities, here you get fresh air, quiet, and streets safe for children.
To keep local shopping within a 5 minute walk of every home, the town is built around multiple centers as shown
below.
Guidelines for pedestrian in Eco-Town
 Minimize walking distance between residential areas with surrounding place.

 Create safe and walk able place for people especially vulnerable (children, old).
 Making buffer to protect pedestrian area.
 Design based on prevention of crime.
6. Conviviality Community
Interactions among the people nowadays are very low and this situation is been worst. Just imagine, people who are
living in the city with busy lifestyle, sometimes did not even know their next door neighbor especially in high rise,
more dependencies to the private vehicles which means lack of interaction with others. This situation are different
from long time ago, where most are the people are knowing each other’s and care each others. The community
spirits are very high without care of age, gender, religious, culture and others.
Rapid economic growth in the cities makes people are more effectiveness working hard for better quality of life. But,
in pursuit to better life, people now forget about the value or spirit of the community than have been teach since
there are young. Although the technologies have been impress with the interaction in social networking, but it still
missing something. The values that have been faced in real face to face and in social networking are definitely
different.
To make people engage with the community, community planning such community development, community
building and others are some of the way to encourage people to interaction. These engagements will give beneficial
to the community that can have different need and interest to get the better of their community.
In eco-smart city, interaction are among the community are much closed. These are based on the planning design in
encourage people to interact each other’s indirectly and it will create the spirit of community for the well being in
the community.
In eco smart city, we are to promote social interaction, community development, community building and smart
community for long live learning in smart city. This will help the city to have the sense of community among the
people so that, people will indirectly interact each others.
Principles of Conviviality Community:
1. Culture: Variety of the culture create the respect among the community, this will make the decision in more
well-form and humble.
2. Commitment: Council in playing a role in term of enhances the public participation in decision making.
3. Participation: Every level of participation engagement, it just not individual means that no representative
but more open to the community. It can accept the different agenda that can provide different need and
interest.
4. Communication: Interaction with people face to face not just in the social networking in term of
conversation, story-telling, collaboration, mentoring, the community gathering it can creates better
understanding among the people in the real situation.
5. Expression: Create more space for the community in express their right. This will brings more color in the
community to show who they are.
6. Spirit: Understanding, good relationship in community, peace, love, and power it can create the true spirits
of community.
Guideline Conviviality Community

Design: Human scale, sustainability in development, eco-friendly in technology, energy efficiency, convenient
facilities and smart transportation that can create a meaningful relationship and quality of life to people.
Strategy
o Design base on the element that encourage people to interact each others in:
o Neighborhood
o Walkable
o Vibrant
o Compact
o Mix-use development
o Green infrastructure
o Economy
o Environment
Participation: Encourage community in participation in every project, give priority to the people in decision making.
 Strategy
o Gather community and giving them talk, seminar or discussion to make them understand what their
right are.
o Publish or spreading more articles, in newspaper, television, radio about the important of
participation in decision making.
Good Governance: Enable to informed the citizen to have the participation role in decision making.
 Strategy
- Information need to be clear. It must be publish or spreading to community earlier.
Conclusion
The principles, strategies and guidelines of Eco-Smart City are mean to be a guide for the direction of city
development toward the objective of Eco City. The principles are showing the basic idea of rules that will lead the
development of Eco-Smart City toward the Eco City ideology. These principles are then translated into a series of
strategies where play as a role to realize the principles into implementation action and controlled with a set of
guidelines. The process of formulating of principles, strategies and guidelines are very crucial stage where it will
determine the characteristic and the form the city.
In Eco-Smart City, the principles, strategies and guidelines encompass five main component of development that are
social aspect, economy aspect, environment aspect, housing aspect and infrastructure aspect. All of these
components are interrelated to each other as pillars that will support the development of Eco-Smart City toward
sustainability through the benefits of ecological system and quality of environment. It begins with the interaction
between the human and nature in various connections of bibliophilic. The connection between human and nature
can be said as the main engine that will beneficial for the development of the city. For instance, the economic and
social activities are most component of development influenced by the relationship between the human and nature.
The nature benefits the economy of the city through the its resources in manageable way while the for the social, it
is main factor that contribute for the high quality of life. However, this benefit must be supported with interaction
medium of built environment of infrastructure, housing, and transportation is a way that synergy with nature can be
generated. All of these components are interrelated to each other as main components of development, but it
would not happen alone without any control measures and direction. Therefore, here come the importance of
principles, strategies and guidelines that will be a guide of the development direction toward ecological sustainable
city.
For the next stage, all of the principles, strategies and guideline are then will be translated into physical layout at
Batu Kawan where this development is proposed. This stage will require site investigation on analysis in order the fit
the formulated principles, strategies and guidelines into real physical characteristic of the proposed location.
Main principle Principle Element Strategies Guidelines

Connecting to Urban landscape design  Sky-rise greenery  Artificial landscape
Nature  Vertical greenery consideration shall
 Urban green-space  Rooftop greenery enhance smart cityscape
network and create sense of
 Urban and community connecting to nature
forest with lush greenery.
 Green ring  Landscape designing
 Green street shall integrate the
 Rain Garden building and
infrastructure.
 Creative design of
landscape shall reach
the benchmarks of
sustainability.
 Appropriate use of
technology or innovative
methods in the pursuit
of sustainable building
design with an emphasis
on sky-rise greenery.
 Landscape design
considerations that
enable social interaction
and community
engagement.
 Landscape design shall
have high quality of
greenery and easy
maintenance, and pay
attention to
considerations such as
appropriate use of plant
species.
 Landscape installation
also shall enhance
biodiversity.
Open space and public space N-A 
 Comprehensive park  40% of land area shall be

 Green open space allocated for open space
 Public square and and public realms.
plaza  Creating attractive
 Pocket community landscape that visually
garden emphasizes streets and
public open space.
 Creating public open
spacewith a vibrant
environment, high
flexibility,visibility and
usability.
 Enhance social
interaction of local
community.

 Possible incorporation
historic features, either
restored or authentically
reconstructed.
 Location of public open
space shall be easy
accessible and in
walkable distance.
 Public-private-people
partnerships shall be
highlighted to pursue
the upgrading of
privately owned public
space and parks.
Nature preservation and  Environment Impact  Existing vegetationthat

conservation Assessment (EIA) has environmental,
 Sensitive area and wildlife andaesthetic
 Existing Natural preservation zone value shall be protected,
Resources Protection conservation restore and improve.
and Enhancement  Green belt  Such vegetation may
 Biodiversity include groves of trees,
significant individual
treesor tree stands,
forested hillsides, and
vegetation associated
with
wetlands,stream/wildlif
e corridors and riparian
areas.
 EIA shall be assessing to
minimized impact of
development to
environment.
Economy Creating Self Sustaining  Supporting small-  Provide local small store
Sustainable and Economy medium enterprise in each neighbourhood
Efficient (SME), centre.
Economy  Supporting and  Provide commercial
encourage formation centre that plays a role
of formal or informal to collect, buy and sell
and newly emerging the local agriculture
businesses or product
enterprises,  Creating local
 Focusing on location development centre
regeneration and that provides training
disadvantaged scheme and assist for
groups, entrepreneurship and
 Encourage local small business skill, technical
store or market skill, etc.
instead of big  Urban agriculture can be
supermarket. applied by the creation
 Priorities on of roof top garden and
sustainable pocket garden. Large-
agriculture sector in scale agriculture farming
order to support the must be operated
city’s food supply. without degrade the
 Protection and environment through
preservation of the adopting of
environment through “Permaculture” concept.
natural  Commercial and
reinvestment. industrial sector bodies
need to have formal
initiative to protect and
preserve environment.
Efficient, Competitive and  Development of  High-technology
High Impact of Industrial and High-technology industrial must located
Commercial Activities Industrial cluster in one
designated area with
Science park modern ICT facilities and
Technology Park integrated with
commercial area.
 High-technology  Manufacturing activities
industrial sector (Technology Parks) must
must have formal be integrated with the
relationship with research and innovation
local higher centre (Science Park).
education or  Provide worker housing
research and area near to the
innovation industrial park.
institution.  Have good accessibility
 Industrial area and integrated with
designed with public transportation.
clustered and (TOD)
integrated with  All the input for
transportation economy production
access, commercial should come within the
and residential area region vicinity.
Promoting Green Economy  Applying closed-loop  Economic activities

Activities concept in industrial should produce zero
activities impact on environment.
 Solution-based  Provide recycling centre
industrial and in industrial park.
commercial  Provide treatment plant
approach to process industrial
 Adopting alternative, wastewater before used
innovative and for other activities or
environmentally released to nature.
friendly technologies  Production of product
in production. must come with the
services.
 Industrial and
commercial
infrastructure and
facilities should green
infrastructure and
facilities.
Infrastructure Recreation  high performance of  locate human-scale

Maximize Green & open space green space and public garden nearby
convenient and facilities residential area for
flexible in  encourage network sharing health benefits
recreational connections of  planting native trees
and facilities for people use and around living area and
public benefit public spaces streets for shading
purpose
 education value of
recreation usage such as
botanic garden
 provide spaces (land) to
enhance individual
planting
Education  easy access for public  providing kindergarten,

Health care use primary school and
Community centre  encourage walkable secondary school based
for community on ratio size of
 represent the population
identity and culture  locate school within
of local people 10minutes walking
distance
 gathering place among
communities is locate at
the centre places
 health care services such
polyclinic
 providing community
hall for meeting place
between village head
and residents
Infrastructure Water supply  water conservation  implement water

Using water practice programme conservation practice
efficient for  residential demand  water utility with worksheet
household and  non-residential method of sound  provide efficient water
economy and demand water efficiency management system
improve water practices such sound water
management efficiency practice
Wastewater  efficient  implement wastewater

management of recycling system that
wastewater to filter the water used and
reduce water then reused in the
demands and water buildings toilets
treatment  grey water system apply
 comprehensive in household and
drainage system to business
support grey water  smart grid for household
system and and building with
wastewater recycling efficient drainage
system system
Stormwater  design of planning  design of landscaping

elements such street, such as green street and
landscape and green rain garden
spaces to enhance  provide rainwater
catchment of harvesting tank for
stormwater household and
commercial
Infrastructure Renewable energy  implement feed-in-  community scale of

Efficiency of tariff (FIT) for facility to demonstrate
energy uses and  biomass energy 10years for future renewable energy
minimize potential in biomass system such biomass
energy conservation to energy
consumption energy  smart grid system help
 quota set for to locate the renewable
renewable energy energy facility
technologies (FIT
policy) by Malaysia
Buiding Integrated
Photovoltaic (MBPIV)
Source: Agamuthu P. &

Fauziah S.H. (2010)
 Anaerobic Digestion
method for
converting biomass
 life cycle energy
analysis approach
Solid waste to energy  reproduce  build green industry to

production using reproduce recycled
 recycling materials recycled materials material and other
 construction waste  smart grid waste
 electronic waste management to  locate recycling center
control the operation with smart grid
(e-waste) of recycling system approach
and other solid waste  provide recycle tank for
 life cycle energy each industry to collect
analysis approach their construction waste
 collect recycling
materials with support
of green mobility
community bus
Housing Master Layout Plan  Using Honeycomb  High rise & commercial
Eco Smart Design for maximise to be integrated in the
Housing the housing layout layout design.
design.  Provide pocket park
 New trend of layout within the cul-de-sec for
principles which social interaction and
included high rise environmental
building in the preservation
design.  Public amenities &
 Cul-de-sec & pocket infrastructure within the
park for social design neighbourhoods.
interaction  Provide new design
development. standard for Honey
Comb Design.
Housing for All  Compact Density  Compact Density to be

Approach implemented in the eco
 Flexi Layout Scheme city(40-60 unit/acres)
 SOHO Design (mixed  Provides public housing
used development) for all level of people.
 Control housing policy
scheme which simulate
the property price
within the affordable
range
 Flexible dwelling unit
layout size which
suitable various kind of
people from 1st
generation to 3rd
generation.
 Launching of studio unit
& SOHO policy scheme
for resident to have the
opportunity working
from home.
 Provide mixed used
development with
commercial in housing
neighbourhood.
Green Building Design  Green building  Provide rain water

design harvesting & solar panel
 Green construction & in every household.
Green materials  Housing design should
 Intelligent building have separate sewerage
system (IBS)& system for water
Building energy recycling.
optimization  Policy of usage of
recycling material &
construction material in
construction.
 Intelligent building
system to provide low
energy efficiency .
 Building design to meet
the low carbon
technologies.
Transportation  Intergenerational  Equitable distribution  A TOD neighborhood is

Transit equity for easy access. center on rail or bus
Oriented  Human scale design  Road and network transit to easy walking
Development  Accessibility & provision for people distance.
Mobility (vulnerable and  Mixed use development
 Reduction in car children). connection residential
dependency  Linkage residential area and employment
 Multi–dimensional area with other activity.
transportation  Minimize walking
Economic system. distance between
-Environmental  Development public residential areas with
-Social transportation surrounding place.
 Saving resources, Eco  Development includes
 Dynamic friendly design, safe not only building also
and easy access. the sidewalks, streets,
 Planning respect to bus zones and parks in
new technology. station areas.
 Provision of facility near
transit system.
 High network
connection.
 Pedestrian –based
design.
 Making buffer to protect
pedestrian area.
 Community
development and
promote sense of place.
Provide verity of
transportation choice to
bike, walk and etc.
 Well design for bicycling
network
 New development or
reconsideration can
include the preservation
and enhancement of
existing natural and
man-made element that
give each community its
unique sense of place.
 Install bollards, trees,
and other street
furniture to protect
pedestrians and
Buildings from errant
drivers.
 Minimize streets widths
in the station area to the
smallest width needed
to accommodate local
travel speeds and
emergency vehicle
access.
 Public transportation
station shall have
information to access to
surrounding area.
 At 1,500 meters across
the town centre is never
more than a 10 minute
walk away.
 Ride bicycle 10 minutes
to work.
 Area within walking
distance of frequently
bus transit should
contain a mix density
residential, commercial,
high pedestrian activity
and central point for
transit trips.
Social Culture  Design base on the Design
Conviviality Commitment element that Human scale, sustainability in
Community Participation encourage people to development, eco-friendly in
Communication interact each others technology, energy efficiency,
Expression in: convenient facilities and smart
Spirit transportation that can create a
-Neighbourhood meaningful relationship and
alkable quality of life to people.
ibrant
-Compact
-Mix-use development
-Green infrastructure
-Economy
-Environment
 Gather community Participation
giving talk, seminar Encourage community in
or discussion to participation in every project,
make them give priority to the people in
understand what decision making.
their right are.
 Publish or spreading
more articles, in
newspaper,
television, radio
about the important
of participation in
decision making.
Definition of transportation
Movement of peoples or goods from a place to another. And other Definition, transport or transportation is the
movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail,
road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.
Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations.
Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways,
airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses,
trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used
both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.
Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters,
and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose
including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can
be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.
Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has
become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport
plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large
amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make
traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl.
Generally About Transportation.

The systems provide populations with an opportunity to move between places of interest using roads, railways, air,
rivers, footpaths and bike paths for work, education, friends, family, leisure, shopping, social interact and many
other activities that are fundamental to individual and community well-being (Stanley and Barrett,2010)
Transportation is an essential human need. Human survival and social interaction depend on the ability to move
people and goods. Efficient transportation systems are essential facilitators of economic development. Cities could
not exist and global trade could not occur without systems to transport people and goods cheaply and efficiently.
(World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2002).
In 2004, transport energy use amounted to 26% of total world energy use and the transport sector was responsible
for about 23% of world energy-related Green House Gas (GHGs) emissions.
(International Energy Agency, 2006)
Transportation Principles in Eco Town
1. Street and squares should respect human scale and be shaped in interconnected structure composed public
space with attractive and user-friendly design.
2. Car should be reduce as possible.
3. Pedestrian and cyclists path should represent the main grid of the inner district traffic.
4. All important places in the city should be connect and linkage by public transport.
5. Reduce traffic speed to increasing street safety and friendly to pedestrian users.
6. The consumption of land for car park should be reduced.
Transport and the economy
Transport has both positive and negative impacts on the prosperity of cities.Both businesses and individuals have
benefits from reductions in the costs of travel and shorter or more reliable journey times. For business this leads to
improved productivity, increased trade, deeper labor markets and much more efficient logistics. For individuals it
results in more choice, better access to services and better prices.
Transport can help or hinder economic prosperity in three main ways:
 Connectivity, or the ease with which the transport network provides access between places. Good
connectivity is vital to the future economic growth of urban areas, with one study estimating that a 10%
reduction in travel time can increase productivity by 0.4% - 1.1%
 Congestion. The marginal cost of congestion in large urban areas on the busiest routes is over £2 per km.
Average delay due to congestion is forecast to rise by some 35% by 2025.
 Accessibility. Poor connectivity in urban areas limits access of people to jobs and public services, and the
access of businesses to people and customers.
Read more at The Future Of Urban Transport
Eco-Town Need A Better Transportation

The last Government planned to create four so-called eco-towns.But the sustainability of any eco-town is all down to
the detail on transport provision. The four eco-towns were:
 Northwest Bicester in Oxfordshire:Creating an eco-quarter and good links to the existing rail station.
 Rackheath, Norfolk:Potentially suitable as an eco-town/eco-quarter, served by rail (and with potential for
railfreight), but is being linked by the county council with a new road. Building this road will encourage car
use thereby eliminating massive carbon emissions reductions and failure as an eco-town.
 China Claycommunity scheme near St Austell, Cornwall: The sustainability of this scheme depends on
detailed design and integration of transport needs from the start.
 Whitehill-Bordon, Hampshire: While this site is not on a railway, it easily could be. There should be a
feasibility study on reopening the rail line as part of this new development.
Read more detail here
Eco-Town Mobility
So what would a genuine eco-town look like?
Focusing mainly on transport, the following research, In Europe have spent the past two summers cycling 3,000
miles across the city, interviewing planners and studying places where claims are matched by real achievements.
Experience from elsewhere can help to challenge (or endorse) tenets of conventional wisdom. in observation have
highlighted two in particular: the concept of ‘permeability’, and the integration of cyclists with other traffic.
For example Freiburg im Breisgau, a city of 213,000 people in Germany, is often cited as an example of success in
reducing car dependency. Between 1976 and 1999 private vehicle use fell from 60% of journeys to 41% (32% when
walking is included). Most of the guiding principles behind Freiburg’s transport and spatial plans could be found in
planning documents across the UK – for example, walkability, traffic restraint, extension of public transport and
promotion of cycling. The key to their success has been their consistent integration and application in practice.
There is one principle which differs from current thinking in the UK: the channelling of through-traffic onto a limited
network of main roads. Most other roads are covered by a speed limit of 30 kilometres per hour (18 mph), with a
growing number of ‘home zones’ and ‘bicycle streets’ limited to 15 kilometres per hour.
Progressively pedestrianized and is now closed to private vehicles. Planning policies discourage bulky retail activities
in the centre. Most shoppers arrive by tram or bicycle, and the shops appear to be thriving. The main problem is the
tram bottleneck created by streets full of pedestrians and shortly to be addressed by a new tram line. There are also
plans to further extend the car-free area, moving an inner ring road further out and building a tunnel underneath the
city centre to carry through-traffic.
In common with most ‘sustainable’ European cities, and despite some substitution of public transport for walking,
cycling and walking together account for many more journeys than public transport (cycling 27%, walking 23%,
public transport 18%). Although the bicycle streets are a recent innovation, the mixture of cycle lanes, shared paths,
junction priority measures and traffic-calmed streets could be found in many UK cities. The key differences are
comprehensiveness, consistent priority over other traffic, and attention to design detail. The cycle network, which
has taken over 30 years to develop, now covers the city in all directions, connecting with routes to surrounding
villages and countryside.
Two urban extensions, both nearing completion, have attracted considerable international interest. One of them,
Vauban, is probably the best example in Europe of a genuine eco-development of medium size – around 2,000
dwellings, 6,000 people. The British Eco-towns Prospectus mentions Vauban, but not the key elements which have
kept car use there to just 16% of journeys and made it a ‘sought after’ neighbourhood, particularly for families with
children.
Vehicles are allowed to enter at walking pace to pick up and deliver but not to park. Car owners must
purchase a space in a peripheral multi-storey car park.
Circulation of green transport in eco-town.
Planning For Green Transportation in Eco-Cities

1. Beyond the concept:-
 Green not for the sake of green.

 Stretched targets drive improvements.
 Practical approach for key challenger.
2. Practical Approach:-
 Managing Road Usage.

 Introducing Green Vehicles.
 Innovative CBD Transport Model.
Public Trasportation
The district centres are linked by a network of efficient, non-polluting trolleybuses.
One of linked network for transportation in eco-city.
Moving To Low Carbon Living

The government’s eco-towns initiative has highlighted the challenges facing new communities. Overcoming barriers
to low carbon living is more about attitudinal and behavioural change than strategic design solutions. Read more
about Moving To Low Carbon Living by Juliana O'Rourke.
Summary :
 Non-urban development typically has 70-80 per cent of residents using cars for their main trips.
 Eco town standards suggest a target of less than 50 per cent of main trips by car.
Four key transport strategies:-
1. Reduce the need to travel.

2. minimise car journey lengths.
3. Reduce pollution from transport.
4. Use transport strategy to encourage healthy living.
Consideration in the design process:-
1. Location of the development should at the most convenient way to get between home and destination.
2. Public transport connections which is development is co-located around public transport systems.
3. How origins and destinations are connected.
Comfortable, Convenient and Cheap
Read about A case of comfortable public transport
Even this article or blog written about what happened at Manila using the MRT3 and LRT1. I also have the
same experience when used the KTM system in KL Central. There is no choice either pushed your self to
enter the train or just wait for the another train. But then, the next train will arrive after 1 hour. Or want to
catch up a taxi, some how are we afford to travel by taxi? Open the door you already need to pay RM3,
then the fee will increasing at every certain kilometers. I agree with the writer said " Why should I pay to
travel in such a crowded train where I cannot even stand without pushing against other people?".
The public transport (Bus, LRT, etc) operate at 2 to 10 minute intervals throughout the day, providing quick and easy
transport around the city. Even in the middle of the night, you would never have to wait more than 12 minutes.
Best of all, they would be free to ride. Factor in the costs of smart cards, staff to enforce them and the delays they
cause, collecting fares is a significant expense in itself. With everybody in the city using the public transport network,
it would be simpler and cheaper to cover operating costs through city taxes and parking fees instead.
Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a walkable mixed-use form of development typically focused within 400m
radius of a transit station or any public bus network. Development shall be concentrated near stations to make
transit convenient for people and encourage rider ships. This form of development utilizes existing infrastructure,
optimizes use of the transit network and enhances mobility for local communities. TOD mix residential, retail, office,
open space and public uses in a walkable environment, makin it convenient for residents and employees to travel by
transit, bicycle, foot or car (Peter Calthorpe). Read more here .
Our society increasingly dependency on the car. This situation appeared because most of development has been
oriented to the automobile. Then today, we suffering from traffic congestion and air pollution. In the same time we
also keep reliance on foreign oil.
Basic design principles for TOD :
1. Area within walking distance of frequenly bus transit should contain a mix density residential, commercial,
high pedestrian activity and focal point for transit trips.
2. Public facilities and commercial building been places next to transit system.
3. Provide multiple and direct street connection between residential and commercial area or working place.
4. Design for pedestrians and transit without excluding the cars.
5. Bring natural features into the urban area and connected to the regional green space.
Benefits of TOD:
1. For those without car will increasing transportation choice and access.
2. Reduction traffic congestion, air pollution and energy consumption.
3. Reduced the need and cost for road widenings.
4. Revitalization of compact urban communities and reduction of urban sprawl development.
5. Increased abiliti to manage growth by planning land use in relation to transit.
Example of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept.
Pedestrian Deserve Better
As a general rule, the interests of pedestrians are often ignored in Malaysia. For example, they are often left to fend
for themselves on how to evade motor vehicles to get to the other side of the road. The difficulty in getting to the
other side must be so bad that some have chosen a two-stage solution by crossing half the road and wait in the
middle for a gap in the traffic on the left to rush to the other side. While standing in the middle of the roads, their
fate is entirely left to the motorists from both directions.
Summary:
Current situation with overhead pedestrians bridges.
People willing to crossing half of the road and wait in the middle for a gap in the traffic on the left to rush to the
other side.
Question why people doesn't like to use overhead pedestrians bridges?
1. Not friendly for pedestrian users. Have to climb the step to go up and down.
2. Pedestrian bridges place not at the most convenient locations. Users need to make a long detours.
3. Quiet difficult for senior citizen and disable people.
4. Some pedestrians bridge covers by advertisement banner. Isolated the users with the surrounding view.
Ecocity - Time to create fairness with different road users.

Read more about the article here
 Interconnect the pedestrian paths to a dense network, which is as far as possible independent from the
network for cars.
 Design pathways as public spaces and streets capes with a high spatial quality and changing public events
(for attractive walking/cycling and for social control).
 Provide barrier-free accessibility to transport networks and buildings for everyone - avoiding steps is
especially important for handicapped, but also for the use of baby carriages and carts to transport goods.
 Provide infrastructure for pedestrians - continuous weather protection (arcades, passages, roofed
pavements) along the main routes, benches/seats - and cyclists (parking and storage facilities for bikes).
 Instead of finding a better way to facilitate crossing busy roads, they seek more funds to build fences in the
central dividers to prevent people from crossing the roads at street-level.
Transportation Design in Eco Town
Here some of our outline or idea to find out about the design.
Report Structure (1st draft):

Title : Design Walkability In Eco Town
Table Of Content (TOC)
 Executive Summary
 Introduction
o General view about transportation (related to movement of people and goods, connection to places
such as commercial, industrial, housing, public facility, contributed to GHGs emission)
 Objectives
o Reduce Dependency on private vehicles.
o Increase priority to the sustainable transport modes.
 Mobility in eco-city
 Planning For Walkability

o Principles
o concept
o elements

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Eco-SMART city concept

The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is

Defining Eco-SMART city concept

Eco-SMART city concept

The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is

Defining Eco-SMART city concept

Tian Jin Sunway Eco-City, China by Surbana Urban Planning Group

Guideline 1 Urban landscape design

Eco-SMART city concept

The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is designed to

Defining Eco-SMART city concept

Sustainable and Efficient Economy

Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities

Housing Vibrant and compact housing

Guideline 1 Urban landscape design

Landscaping Design for Singapore by Bursana

 Urban green-space network

 Urban and community forestry

Zorlu Ecocity in Turkey

The Eco-SMART Housing (Safe, Mixed-income, Accessible, Reasonably-priced, Transit-oriented) is designed to

Defining Eco-SMART city concept

Sustainable and Efficient Economy

Infrastructure Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities

Vibrant and compact housing

Guideline 1 Urban landscape design

Landscaping Design for Singapore by Bursana

 Urban green-space network

 Urban and community forestry

Zorlu Ecocity in Turkey

Vertical greenery create new dimension in urban landscaping.

Rooftop greenery refers to the greening efforts and landscaping on rooftop.

 Green roof (extensive rooftop greenery)

 Roof garden (intensive rooftop greenery

Roof garden, Battery Park City, New York

 Green Open Space

 Public square and plaza

 Pocket community garden

Setia Eco-Park, Shah Alam – community garden and lake.

Setia Eco-Park, Shah Alam – community garden and lake.

 Existing Natural Resources Protection and Enhancement

Enhancing biodiversity should be a fundamental part of Eco-smart development.

 Environment Impact Assessment

 Sensitive area and preservation zone conservation

2. Sustainable and Efficient Economy

 Creating self-sustaining economic

Principle Element 1: Creating Self-sustaining Economic

1. Supporting small-medium enterprise (SME),

Principle Element 3: Promoting Green Economy Activities

3. Comprehensive Infrastructure and Facilities

 High performance of green space and facilities

 Reduces the amount of water withdrawn from water supply sources

 Water conservation practice programme.

 Implement water conservation practice worksheet .

Principle 3: Efficiency of energy uses and minimize energy consumption

Statistic of Energy Use in Malaysia based on sector, 1997

Diagram below for showing in case of Smart Management in city

4. Eco Smart Housing

Guideline 1 Master Layout Design

Guideline 2 Housing for All

 Compact Density Approach

1. Compact Density Approach

Benefit of Compact Density for Eco Smart city are as below:

 Less car dependency thus lower emission.