Tuesday, 12 November, 2019 MYP 4 Armstrong

Unit Title: Recognizing Patterns Key Concept: Relationships

Topic: Atomic Structure Learner Profile: Thinkers and
Inquirers
Test Yourself 5.1 and 5.2
Question 1. The total number of protons and electrons in an atom of element X is 30.
What is the proton number of element X?
Since, inside a neutral atom there are equal number of protons and electrons. Inside
element X: 30 / 2, the proton number is 15.
Question2. Compare a neutron and an electron. How are they different?
A neutron is found in the nucleus of an atom whereas electrons freely move in
orbital around the nucleus according to the number of electron each shell can hold.
A neutron carries no charge but an electron carries a negative charge. A neutron
has a relative mass of 1 whereas electron has a relative mass of 1/1840 that is so
small, it is negligible.
Question3. Element Y has a proton number of 7. It also has seven neutrons.
a) Deduce (i) the number of electrons in an atom of Y; (ii) the nucleon number of Y
(i) Since, the number of protons are equal to the number of electrons in a neutral
atom, element Y has 7 electrons.
(ii) The nucleon number is the total number of protons and neutrons, nucleon
number = 14
b) Represent Y by writing the chemical symbol, including the proton and nucleon
numbers.
A 14
Z Y = 7 Y A= nucleon number Z= proton number
Test Yourself 5.3 and 5.4
Question1. An atom has an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 4 and a nucleon number
of 28. How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in the atom?
No. of electrons= 14 No. of protons= 14 No. of neutrons= 14
Question2. The symbol of Aluminum is Al . Draw the electronic structure of the
aluminum atom. Then write down its electronic configuration. Electronic
configuration: 2, 8, 3
Question3. Draw the electronic structures of sodium (proton number 11) and
lithium (proton number 3). Compare the structures and state one similarity and one
difference between them.

One similarity between sodium and lithium structures is that both have one valence
electron in their valence shells. The difference between these two is that both have
different number of electrons in their orbital.
Let’s Review Section B: Structured Questions
Question1.
Element Atomic Mass
number number
Carbon 6 12
Fluorine 9 19
Chlorine 17 35.5
Iron 26 56
Using the table above, answer the following questions:
a) How many protons are there in an atom of fluorine?
Fluorine has 9 protons.
b) How many neutrons are there in an atom of iron?
Iron has 30 neutrons.
c) Which element has the same number of protons and neutrons in an atom?
Carbon has the same number of protons and neutrons= 6.
d) Explain why the mass number of chlorine is not a whole number.
The mass number of chlorine is not a whole number because of its isotopes which
have the same number of protons but different neutrons. The mass of chlorine has
been taken after average of all isotopes of the element.
Question2: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are two isotopes of carbon. Carbon-14 is used
for dating very old objects containing carbon such as wood.
a) what is meant by the term “isotopes”?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with same number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
b) Copy and complete the table below.
Per atom Isotope
Carbon-12 Carbon-14
Number of protons 6 6
Number of electrons 6 6
Number of neutrons 6 8
Question3: Naturally occurring silver consists of two types of atoms.
a) Copy and complete the table below.

Type of atom Silver-107 Silver-109

Relative percentage 51.4% 48.6%
present
Protons in one atom 47 47
Electrons in one atom 47 47
Neutrons in one atom 60 62
b) What is the name given to represent these two types of silver atoms?
The two silver atoms are isotopes of each other.
Section C: Free-Response Questions
Question1: In this question, “e” represents an electron, “n” represents a neutron
and “p” represents a proton.
a) The diagram above shows an atom of helium.
(i) What is the proton number of the atom?
The proton number of the helium atom is 2 amu.
(ii) What is its mass number?
The mass number of helium atom is 4 amu.