Classification of Verbs

VERB

Finite (mgvwcKv wµqv) Non- Fininite (AmgvwcKv wµqv)

(i) Infinitive (to+ verb Gi base

Principal Verb (hv Present ev Past Form G n‡e|) Auxiliary Verb form)
(ii) Gerund (verb+ing)
(iii) Past Participle (verb Gi past
To do verb participle form)
(i) Transitive Verb (mKg©K wµqv) (do, does, did) iv) Present Participle (verb+ing)
‡hgb: He eats rice. [ Verb Gi object _vK‡Z n‡e|] To be verb
(am, is, are, was, were)+ Verb+ ing
(ii) Intransitive Verb (AmKg©K wµqv)
‡hgb: He ran fast. [Verb Gi object _vK‡e bv|] To have verb
(have, has, had) + Verb Gi past participle.

(iii) Linking Verb (ms‡hvMg~jK wµqv)

MVb- Sub+ Linking Verb+ adj/noun complement. Modals [can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would,
must, need, bid, let, ought (to), have to, has to, had to]

Linking Verb ¸wj n‡”Q

(am, is, are,was,were, be, being) Primary auxiliaries : to do, to be, to have
‡hgb: Priti is a pretty girl/ a girl. (Noun Complement)
He is poor (adj)

Copulative Verb.
MVb- Sub+ Copulative Verb + adj
(look, feel, seem, appear, taste, become, get, remain, run)
‡hgb: You look fresh. He became addicted to drugs.

Subj+ Causative Verb (cÖ‡hvRK wµqv) (get, have, make, want,)+obj

GLv‡b Verb Gi Kibxq KvR Subj wb‡R bv K‡i Ab¨‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡i KvR K‡i|
‡hgb: (i) I have my hair cut.
(ii) I will get you killed.
(iii) He made me angry.
(iv) I want the letter typed.

Factitive Verb (cÖ‡hvR¨ wµqv) (select, elect, make, name, call, consider,)
‡hgb: We elected/selected/made him captain

Right forms of verbs
Rule 1. ‡Kvb sentence G always, regularly, daily, often, usually,
seldom, generally, normally, occasionally, primarily, sometimes
cÖf„wZ D‡jøL _vK‡j ev Zv Øviv wPimZ¨ NUbv, Af¨vm, ¯^vfvweK NUbv, HwZnvwmK
eZ©gvb, wbKU fwel¨r wb‡`©k Ki‡j Zv present indefinite tense n‡e| ‡hgb:
1. Parents (take).......special care of their children.(take)-
2. It (be).........quite clear to us. (is)
3. They (be)........no longer (confine).......within the four walls. (are
confined)-
4. It is travelling which (enrich).......our knowledge. (enriches)-
5. Human life (be).........not static. (is)
6. Travelling (provide).......us with knowledge and practical
experience. (provides)
7. Patrotism (inspire)......a man to do everything just and air. (inspires)
8. Everyone (desire)........success in life.(desires)
9. Life (be).........not a bed of roses.(is)
Rule 2. ‡Kvb sentence G now, at this moment, gradually, day by day,
year after year, on and on, more and more cÖf„wZ D‡jøL _vK‡j ev Zv Øviv
Pjgvb wKQz wb‡`©k Ki‡j Zv present continuous tense n‡e| ‡hgb:
 We (watch) T. V. now.
Ans: We are watching T.V. now.
 The temperature of the day (increase) gradually.
Ans: The temperature of the day is increasing gradually.
Rule 3. ‡Kvb sentence G just, just now, recently, presently, lately,
yet, have, has, ever, even, already, by this time cÖf„wZ D‡jøL _vK‡j ev
Zv Øviv qvwQ, qvQ, KwibvB, hvqbvB cÖf„wZ A_© cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv present perfect
tense n‡e| ‡hgb:
 I not (choose) my career yet.
Ans: I have not chosen my career yet.
 I (receive)your letter today.
Ans: have received.
Extra: Non progressive verb- know, beleive, hear, see, smell, wish,
seem, be, taste, need, want, appear, love, hate etc.
Present continuous-----Present indefinite
Present Perfect continuous----Present perfect
 I (be) in savar for a whole month.
Ans: I have been for whole a month.
Rule 4. ‡Kvb sentence G for Ges since Gi ci mgq, w`b, ¶Y, ZvwiL, mvj cÖf„wZ
D‡jøL _vK‡j Zv present perfect continuous tense n‡e| ‡hgb:
 I (wait) for you since morning.
Ans: I have been waiting for you since morning.
 She (draw) a picture for two hours.
Ans: She has been drawing a picture for two hours.
N.B: Z‡e g~j verb Gi ¯’v‡b to be _vK‡j Zv have / has + been nq| ‡hgb:
He (to be) at Rajshahi since 1990.
Ans: He has been at Rajshahi since 1990.
Rule 5. ‡Kvb sentence G ago, before, long ago, long since, yesterday,
last night, previous day, the day before cÖf„wZ D‡jøL _vK‡j Zv past
indefinite tense n‡e| ‡hgb:
 The great ship, Titanic (sail) for New York on April 10, 1912.
Ans: sailed.
 At that time she (be) _______the largest ship.
Ans: was.
Rule 6. ‡Kvb sentence G before I after hLb conjunction wnmv‡e KvR K‡i
ZLb sentence wUi MVb nq wbgœiƒct
a) Past perfect tense + before + past indefinite tense.
b) Past indefinite tense + after + past perfect tense. ‡hgb:
 We (reach) the station before the train left.
Ans: We had reached the station before the train left.
 We went to college after the rain (stop).
Ans: We went to college after the rain had stopped.
N.B. No sooner had ------- than , ‘scarcely ------- when ‘ hardly -------
---- when BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU clause hy³ n‡j, cÖ_g clause wUi past perfect
tense Ges wØZxq clause wUi past indefinite tense nq| †hgb:
No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
No sooner had the bird seen the hunter than it flew away.
Scarcely had I finished my work when the bell rang.
Hardly had he left the place when the fire broke out.
Rule 7. Since hLb conjunction wnmv‡e KvR K‡i ZLb sentence wUi MVb n‡e wbgœiƒct
a) Present indefinite / perfect tense + since + past indefinite A_ev
Since + past indefinite tense, + present indefinite / prefect tense.
‡hgb:  I meet him since he ( come ) here.
Ans: I meet him since he came here.
b) Past indefinite tense + since + past perfect tense. A_ev
Since + past perfect tense, + past indefinite tense. ‡hgb:
 Since you (play) well, you won the cup.
Ans: Since you had played well, you won the cup.
Rule 8. If hLb conjunction wnmv‡e KvR K‡i ZLb sentence wUi MVb nq
wbgœiƒc:
a) If + present indefinite / perfect ---, + sub + will + verb----
 If you come, I (go) there.
Ans: If you come, I will go there.
b) If + past indefinite -----, + sub + would + verb------‡hgb:
 If you came, I (go) there.
Ans: If you came, I would go there.
c) If + past perfect ----, + sub + would have + v.p.p.f----. ‡hgb:
 If you had gone there, you (meet) him.
Ans: If you had gone there, you would have met him.
d) If+sub+ were ---sub+would+verb / would+have + v.p.p.f
 If I were a king, I (help) the poor.
Ans: If I were a king, I would help/would have helped the poor.
 If he (to be) there, he would help me.
Ans: If he were there, he would help me.
e) Had + sub ------, sub + would have + v.p.p.f-------. ‡hgb:
 Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly) in the sky.
Ans: Had I the wings of a bird, I would have flown in the sky.
Rule 9. ‡Kvb sentence G lest (Zv bvn‡j / wc‡Q) conjunction wnmv‡e KvR
Ki‡j sentence wUi MVb n‡e wbgœiƒct
--------+ lest + sub + should / might + verb ----- ‡hgb
 Save something lest you (fall) into trouble.
Ans: Save something lest you should fall into trouble.
N.B: Z‡e sentence wU passive n‡j should be + v.p.p.f. nq| ‡hgb:
 Do the work lest you (punish).
Ans: Do the work lest you should be punished.
Rule 10. ‡Kvb sentence G it is time, high time, fancy, wish cÖf„wZ
D‡j­ L _vK‡j cieZ©x verb wUi past form nq| ‡hgb:
 It is high time we (start) our journey.
Ans: It is high time we started our journey.
 It is high time you (study)_____for the Test Exam.
Ans: studied
N.B. Subject Gi ci wish _vK‡j Ges cieZx©‡Z subject Gi ci to be _vK‡j
Zv were n‡q hv‡e| ‡hgb:
 I wish I (to be) a child again.
Ans: I wish I were a child again.
Rule 11. As if / as though (‡hb) hLb conjunction iƒ‡c KvR K‡i ZLb sentence
wUi MVb n‡e wbgœiƒc:
a) Present indefinite / perfect + as if + past indefinite. ‡hgb:
 He speaks such a way as if he (know) everything.
Ans: He speaks such a way as if he knew everything.
b) Past indefinite + as if + past perfect.
 He behaved such a way as if he (do) the work.
Ans: He behaved such a way as though he had done the work.
c) ‡h ‡Kvb tense + as if + sub + (to be = were) ----------. ‡hgb:
 He ordered me as if I (to be) his servant.
Ans: He ordered me as if I were his servant.
Rule 12. ‡Kvb sentence G can, could, may, might, let, shall, should,
will, would, must, need not, would rather, had better, ought to, used
to, dare, going to, nothing but, to cÖf„wZ Gi c‡i verb ‡K g~j form G emv‡Z
nq| ‡hgb:
 Very few people can (attain)__it. (attain)
 Our country will be able to (achieve)___an all out prosperity.
(achieve)
Rule 13. To e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ preposition, would you mind, can not help,
without, look forward to, am used to, prefer to, because of, inspite of,
instead of, with a view to, get used to, devoted to, confess to, object
to cÖf„wZi ci ‡h verb _v‡K Zvi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| ‡hgb:
 Would you mind (close) the door?
Ans: Would you mind closing the door?
 He is used to (take) drugs.
Ans: He is used to taking drugs.
Rule 14. ‡Kvb simple sentence G `ywU verb _vK‡j wØZxq verb Gi mv‡_ ing
‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e wØZxq verb Øviv D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡j Zvi c~‡e© to e‡m| ‡hgb:
 I saw the boy (cry) on the road.
Ans: I saw the boy crying on the road.
 I went to market (buy) a pen.
Ans: I went to market to buy a pen.
Rule 15. Get, to be, being, become, having, feel, seem, appear cÖf„wZi
cieZx© verb wU past participle AvKv‡i e‡m| ‡hgb:
 Having (finish) the work, I went to market.
Ans: Having finished the work, I went to market.
 I got the letter (open).
Ans: I got the letter opened.
Rule 16. While (hLb) Gi ci subject bv _vK‡j cieZx© verb Gi mwnZ ing hy³
Ki‡Z nq| ‡hgb:
 While (move) in the garden, a snake bit me.
Ans: While moving in the garden, a snake bit me.
N.B: Z‡e while Gi ci subject _vK‡j Zv continuous tense G nq| ‡hgb:
 While we (walk)__, I saw my friend Raihan.(were walking)
Rule 17. Sentence Gi ïi“‡Z ev article Gi c‡i ‡Kvb verb _vK‡j Ges
subject Dn¨ bv _vK‡j Zvi mwnZ ing hy³ Ki‡Z nq| ‡hgb:
 (Walk) is a good exercise.
Ans: Walking is a good exercise.
 We are enjoying the (run).
Ans: We are enjoying the running.
N.B: Z‡e wbgœwjwLZ ‡¶Î mg~‡n ing hy³ bv K‡i ïay g~j verb emv‡Z nq|
i) hw` sentence wU imperative nq Ges subject Dn¨ _v‡K| ‡hgb:
 (Go) there quickly.
Ans: Go there quickly.
ii) hw` B”Qv cÖKvkK evK¨ nq Ges subject Dn¨ _v‡K| ‡hgb:
 (Hope) you are well.
Ans: Hope you are well.
iii) hw` evK¨wU compound / complex nq| ‡hgb:
 (Go) there and meet him.
Ans: Go there and meet him.
Rule 18. Prefer Gi c‡i GKwU gvÎ verb _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î verb wU infinitive
wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq | wKš‘ ‡hLv‡b prefer Gi c‡i `ywU verb _vK‡j, †m‡¶‡Î `ywU
verb B gerund G iƒcvš—wiZ nq Ges `ywU gerund Gi gv‡S to e‡m| †hgb:
 I prefer (go) there.
Ans: I prefer to go there .
 He prefers (read) to (write).
Ans: He prefers reading to writing.
Rule 19. wbgœwjwLZ verb mg~‡ni ci object bv _vK‡j Ges cieZx©‡Z Avi GKwU verb
Avm‡j Zvi mv‡_ 'ing' hy³ nq Ges object _vK‡j cieZx© verb wUi c~‡e© 'to' e‡m|
Verb mg~n: excuse, avoid, consider, forgive, stop, pardon, suggest, fear,
practice, prefer, finish, enjoy, forget, remember, help, advise, deny etc. ‡hgb:
 I forgot (take) the money.
Ans: I forgot taking the money.
e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b forgot Gici object bvB ZvB cieZx©‡Z taking n‡jv|
 He advised me (take) the money bag.
Ans: He advised me to take the money bag.
e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b advised Gici object Av‡Q ZvB cieZx©‡Z to take n‡q‡Q|
Rule 20. See, feel, hear, make, compel, bid, know, let, please, behold,
watch, need cÖf„wZ verb hLb active voice G e¨eüZ nq ZLb Gic‡i
infinitive (to + verb) nq bv| wKš‘ passive n‡j G‡`i ci infinitive nq| ‡hgb:
 I make him (drive) the car.
Ans: I make him drive the car.
wKš‘ - (passive Gi †¶‡Î)
 He was made (drive) the car by me.
Ans: He was made to drive the car by me.
Rule 21. ‡Kvb sentence G verb Gi Dci ‡Rvi ‡`qvi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq ‡mB verb
Gi c~‡e© do / does e¨envi Kiv nq| ‡hgb:
 He (do) take wine now a days.
Ans: He does take wine now a days.
Rule 22. It is no good, It is no use, It is crazy+ verb+ ing.
 It is no good (do) the work.
Ans: It is no good doing the work.
Rule 23.
i) Subject (animate)+ need+ to+ v1
ii) Subject (inanimate)+ need+ v+ing/ to be+ v3
Rule 24.
i) Subject+ would rather that+ subject+ v2
ii) Subject+ would prefer+ to+ v1
Rule 25. Subject+verb (any tense) +that+ subject+V1
advise, ask, command, demand, insist, order, prfer, propose, request,
recommend, require, suggest, urge (Subjunctive)
Subject verb Agreement
Rule 1. mvaviYZ preposition Gi c~‡e©i noun Gi number Abymv‡i verb nq| ‡hgb:
 The colour of her eyes (to be) blue.
Ans: The colour of her eyes is blue.
 The pages of the book not (well-print).
Ans: The pages of the book are not well-printed.
Rule 2. Along with, together with, as well as, accompanied with, with,
and not, in addition to, including Øviv hy³ `y‡Uv noun / pronoun Gi ‡¶‡Î
cÖ_g noun / pronoun Abyhvqx verb n‡e| ‡hgb:
 He along with his brothers (go) there usually.
Ans: He along with his brothers goes there usually.
 I and not my friends (to be) responsible for this.
Ans: I and not my friends am responsible for this.
Rule 3. Either ------ or, neither---nor, not only----but also Øviv hy³ `y‡Uv
noun / pronoun Gi ‡¶‡Î or, nor Ges but also Gi c‡i ‡h noun / pronoun
_v‡K Zv Abyhvqx cieZ©x verb Gi iƒc wbav©wiZ nq| ‡hgb:
 Either you or he (go) there daily.
Ans: Either you or he goes there daily.
 Neither he nor I (to be) guilty.
Ans: Neither he nor I am guilty
Rule 11. A number of Gi ci noun I verb wU Dfq nq eûePb Abymv‡i
Aciw`‡K the number of Gi ci noun wU nq eûePb wKš‘ verb wU nq GKePb
Abymv‡i| ‡hgb:
 A number of students (to be) present there yesterday.
Ans: A number of students were present there yesterday..
 The number of students (to be) not enough.
Ans: The number of students is not enough.

Rule 4. Every, one of the, none of, each, many a, either of , neither
of , the use of, quality of cÖf„wZ ci noun wU eûePb n‡jI verb wU n‡e
singular number Abyhvqx| ‡hgb:
 One of the boys (to be) there yesterday.
Ans: One of the boys was there yesterday.
 Neither of my brothers (to be) married.
Ans: Neither of my brothers is married.
N.B. None of Gi c‡i e¨eüZ noun ev pronoun Gi plural number nq|
wKš‘ verb, singular ev plural DfqB n‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb:
None of the boys is/are intelligent.
None of them is/ are alive now.
None of the guests want / wants to stay.
None of us speak / speaks English.
Rule 5. ‰`‡N©¨i mgwó, cwigv‡bi mgwó, mg‡qi mgwó ‡`‡L eûePb g‡b n‡jI verb wU
n‡e singular number Abyhvqx| ‡hgb:
 Twenty miles (to be) a long distance.
Ans: Twenty miles is a long distance.
Rule 12. Collective noun ‡hgb: army, committee, jury GKK ev GKgZ
‡cvlY Ki‡j cieZx© verb wU singular number Abymv‡i n‡e| wKš‘ c„_K mË¡v ev
wfbœgZ ‡cvlY Ki‡j Zv eûePb n‡e| ‡hgb:
 The committee (to be) divided in this subject.
Ans: The committee are divided in this subject.
 The jury (to be) agreed to hang the criminal.
Ans: The jury is agreed to hang the criminal.
Rule 13. More than Ges One third, two thirds, three fourths cÖf„wZ fMœvs‡ki
ci ‡h noun _v‡K Zvi number Dci wfwË K‡i cieZ©x verb iƒc wba©vwiZ nq| ‡hgb:
 More than one boy (to be) allowed to come.
Ans: More than one boy is allowed to come.
 One-third of the work (to be) finished.
Ans: One-third of the work is finished.
 Two-thirds of the players (to be) present.
Ans: Two-thirds of the players are present.
 One-fourth the mangoes (to be) sold.
Ans: One-fourth the mangoes are sold.

Rule 6. There Øviv sentence ïi“ n‡j there Gi c‡i ‡h noun _v‡K Zvi Rule 14. One and half Gici noun wU plural nq wKš‘ verb wU nq singular
number Abyhvqx verb Gi iƒc wbav©wiZ nq| ‡hgb: number Abyhvqx| ‡hgb:
 There (to be) a post office in our village.  One and half mangoes (to be) enough.
Ans: There is a post office in our village. Ans: One and half mangoes is enough.
 There (go) the bell.
Ans: There goes the bell. Rule 15. Adjective Gi c~‡e© the em‡j Zv noun n‡q hvq Ges cieZx©‡Z verb wU
nq eûePb Abymv‡i| ‡hgb:
Rule 7. And Øviv hy³ GKvwaK singular subject Gi c~‡e© hw` each, every ev  The poor (to be) not always happy.
no e¨eûZ nq, †m‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i cieZ©x verb Gi singular number nq| †hgb: Ans: The poor are not always happy.
 Each boy and each girl (give) a prize already.
Ans: Each boy and each girl has been given a prize already.
 No teacher and no student (attend) the class.
Ans: No teacher and no student attends the class.

Rule 8. `y‡Uv noun ev c`exi AwaKvix hw` `yRb Avjv`v Avjv`v e¨w³ nq Z‡e `y‡Uvi
c~‡e©B the em‡e Ges verb wU plural number Abyhvqx n‡e| ‡hgb:
 The Headmaster and the Secretary (come) here now.
Ans: The Headmaster and the Secretary are coming here now.
Aci w`‡K `y‡Uv noun ev c`exi AwaKvix GKB e¨w³ n‡j cÖ_gwUi c~‡e© the em‡e Ges
verb wU n‡e singular number Abyhvqx| ‡hgb:
 The Headmaster and Secretary (come) here now.
Ans: The Headmaster and Secretary is coming here now.

Rule 9. wKQy singular noun(cÖvq mgRvZxq noun) me mgqB and Øviv hy³ n‡q
‡Rvoq †Rvovq e¨eüZ nq| G iKg noun †K parcel subject e‡j| Giƒc parcel
subject Gi mv‡_ singular verb e¨eüZ nq| †hgb:
 Bread and butter (to be) my favorite food.
Ans: Bread and butter is my favorite food.
 Joy and sorrow (come) by turns.
Ans: Joy and sorrow comes by turns.
 My name and address (to be) here.
Ans: My name and address is here.

Rule 10. mvaviYZ relative pronoun c~‡e©i ‡h noun ev pronoun ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i
Zv Abyhvqx cieZx© verb Gi iƒc wba©vwiZ nq| ‡hgb:
 It is I who (to be) responsible for this.
Ans: It is I who am responsible for this.
 Short Cut
‡hLv‡b verb v1 (Present indefinite tense) n‡Z cv‡i|
Rule - 1. 3rd person singular number _vK‡j verb Gi mv‡_ s/es hy³ nq| hw`
evK¨wU Present Indefinite Tense/Present simple Tense nq| (everyday,
always, sometimes, after, generally, daily, occasionally, usually,
normally, regularly _vK‡j present indefinite tense (v1) nq| GQvov, wPišÍb
mZ¨ ev Af¨vmMZ †Kvb wKQz eySv‡j present indefinite tense nq|)
Rule - 2. let, need, make, please, must, dare, had better, had, rather,
would better, would rather, used to, be to, have to, ought to BZ¨vw`i ci
principle/ main verb - Gi present form (v1) nq Ges verb Gi c~‡e© to
_vK‡j Zv D‡V hvq|
Extra – Conjunction Gi c~‡e©i verb wU †h form _v‡K c‡ii verb wU GKB
form G _v‡K| (and, but, or)
Extra – Passive A_©vr k~Y¨ ¯’v‡bi c‡i by/ with _vK‡e Ges KvRwU KviI Øviv Kiv
eySv‡e| (Subject mvaviYZ e¯‘ nq)
N.B : 3rd person singular number- He, she, it, (every, no, some, any),
‡h †Kvb bvg|
Extra . mvaviYZ preposition Gi c~‡e©i noun Gi number Abymv‡i verb nq|
Extra . Either ------ or, neither---nor, not only----but also Øviv hy³ `y‡Uv
noun / pronoun Gi ‡¶‡Î or, nor Ges but also Gi c‡i ‡h noun / pronoun _v‡K
Zv Abyhvqx cieZ©x verb Gi iƒc wbav©wiZ nq|

Rule – 3. Infinitive “to” _vK‡j verb wU me©`vB present form (v1) G _v‡K|
{To+ verb(present)]
Rule - 4. may, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would A_©vr,
modals _vK‡j gyj verb wU me©`vB present indefinite tense (v1) G _v‡K|
Rule – 5. Do/ Did/ Does _vK‡j verb wU me©`vB present form (v1) G _v‡K|
Extra . Along with, together with, as well as, accompanied with, with,
and not, in addition to, including Øviv hy³ `y‡Uv noun / pronoun Gi ‡¶‡Î cÖ_g
noun / pronoun Abyhvqx verb n‡e|
Extra . Every, one of the, none of, each, many a, either of , neither of , the
use of, quality of cÖf„wZ ci noun wU eûePb n‡jI verb wU n‡e singular number
Abyhvqx|

‡hLv‡b verb v2 (Past indefinite tense) n‡Z Extra : Relative Pronoun (who, what, which, where etc) Gi mgq c~‡e©i
cv‡i| noun ‡K subject wn‡m‡e ai‡Z nq| (Relative Pronoun Gi c‡i me mgq verb
e‡m|)
Rule - 1. long ago, long since, last night, last week, last month,
yesterday, ago BZ¨vw` AZxZ wb‡`©kK kã ev k㸔Q Sentence G _vK‡j main
verb Gi past form (v2) nq|

Rule 2. ‡Kvb sentence G it is time, high time, fancy, wish, as soon as

cÖf„wZ D‡jøL _vK‡j cieZ©x verb wUi past form (v2) nq| ‡hgb:
N.B. Subject Gi ci wish _vK‡j Ges cieZx©‡Z subject Gi ci to be _vK‡j
Zv were n‡q hv‡e|

‡hLv‡b verb v3 (Past participle) n‡Z cv‡i|

Rule - 1. ‡Kvb Sentence G Just, Just now, yet, already, lately, recently,
immediately BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Zv Present Perfect Tense - Gi AšÍf©~³ nq|
{have/has+verb(p.p)}

Rule – 2. Being, having, to be, get, got, modals+be BZ¨vw`i ci verb -

Gi past participle form (v3) nq|

Rule – 3. Passive= Be+ v3

‡hLv‡b verb + ing n‡Z cv‡i|

Rule - 1. hw` †Kvb ev‡K¨ now, at this moment cÖf„wZ _v‡K Zvn‡j Principle
verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq Ges Present Continuous Tense n‡e|
(am/is/are+verb+ing)

Rule - 2. Since / for _vK‡j present perfect continuous tense nq|

(have/has been+verb+ing)

Rule - 3. cÖ`Ë verb Gi c~‡e© mind, worth, past, without, by, cannot help,
could not help, with a view to, look forward to, be + used to, get used
to Ges preposition _vK‡j verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|

Rule – 4: cvkvcvwk `ywU verb _vK‡j c‡ii verb wUi mv‡_ ing hy³ nq|
(verb+verb+ing)

Rule – 5: cÖ_‡g verb em‡j verb wUi mv‡_ ing hy³ nq|

Rule – 6: While+ v+ing/ While+ sub+ past continuous (was/ were+

v+ing)