Khairul’s Advanced Math 1 Probability

Probability
 Probability wK?
Probability n‡jv †Kvb wKQz NUvi m ¢vebv| hw` †Kvb NUbv NUvi †Kvb cÖKvi Chance
bv _v‡K Zvn‡j H NUbv NUvi Probability n‡e `0’| cÿvšÍ‡i H NUbv hw` wbwðZ NUvi
Chance _v‡K Zvn‡j H NUbv NUvi Probability n‡e 100% ev 1. ZvB Probability i gvb me
mgq 0 ‡_‡K 1 Gi g‡a¨ _v‡K| wKš‘ Gi msL¨vUv †Kgb ?
aiæb, wZbR‡bi GKwU ‡`Šo cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Avcbvi fvB Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GLb H
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Avcbvi fvB‡qi
1
‡RZvi m ¢vebv ev Probability nj |
3
Probability nj GKwU fMœvsk hvi Dc‡i _vK‡e H NUbv NUvi AbyK~j msL¨v Ges bx‡P
_vK‡e †gvU NUbv NUvi msL¨v|
Important terms:
Sample Space: When we perform an experiment ,then the set of S of all possible outcomes is
called the Sample space .
Example:
1)In tossing a coin S= {H,T}.
2)If two coins are tossed then S= {HH,HT,TH,TT}.
3)In rolling a dice ,we have S={1,2,3,4,5,6}.
Event: Any subset of a sample space is called an Event. Probability of occurrence of an Event:
Let, S be the sample space & E be the Event.
Then E is subset of S then probability of E , p(E) = n(E)
n(S)
Results on Probability: 1) P(S) =1 2) 0 < P(E) < 1
Probability of an event lies between 0 and 1. Max value of probability of an event is one.
(A_©vr m ¢ve¨Zvi gvb KL‡bv 1 Gi †_‡K †ewk n‡e bv Avevi 0 Gi †_‡K Kg n‡e bv| eis 1
I 0 Gi gv‡SB _vK‡e)

 me‡_‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© myÎ:

3)For any events A and B we have .
(i) eR©bkxj NUbvi †ÿ‡Î: P(AB) =P(A) +P(B)
(ii) Ae©Rbkxj NUbvi †ÿ‡Î: P(AB) =P(A) +P(B) -P(A  B).

4)If A denotes (not -A) then P(A) =1-P(A) and P(A)+P(A) =1.
2
A_v©r GKwU NUbv NUvi m ¢vebv n‡j H NUbvwU bv NUvi m ¢vebv †ei Kivi Rb¨
‡gvU m ¢ebv 1 †_‡K we‡qvM Ki‡Z 3
2 1
nq| 1 - = memgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e NUbv NUvi m ¢vebv + NUbv bv NUvi m ¢vebv = 1
3 3
‡hgb: GKwU e‡· 2wU jvj, 3wU njy` Ges 5wU Kv‡jv ej Av‡Q| Zvn‡j njy` ej 3
cvIqvi m ¢vebv = Zvn‡j njy`
10
 Khairul’s Advanced Math 2 Probability
ej bv cvIqvi m
¢vebv = 2  5 7 (KviY hLb jvj I Kv‡jv ej Avm‡e ZLb njy` ej Avm‡e bv| )

10 10
GLb GB cvIqv I bv cvIqvi m¤¢ebv ‡hvM Ki‡j me mgq 1 n‡e| 10
3 7 =1
†hgb: + =
10 10 10
 Random Experiment:
An experiment in which all possible outcomes are known and the exact output cannot be
predicted in advance is called a random experiment.
Example:
1) Rolling an unbiased dice.
2) Tossing a fair coin.
3) Drawing a card from a pack of well-shuffled cards .
4) Picking up a ball of certain colour from a bag containing balls of different colours.

Favorable outcome
Total outcome NUbvwU AbyK~j
Probability Dcv`v‡bi msL¨v A_©vr
m¤¢ve¨ †gvU
Dcv`v‡bi msL¨v

GB Aa¨vq wb‡q wKQz K_v: wewfbœ cixÿvq GB Aa¨vq †_‡K cÖzi cÖkœ Av‡m| wKš‘ ïay AvMvi

 Coin related:
GKwU gy`ªvi `ywU cvk¦©, GKwU H = Head, Ges AciwU T = Tail
GKwU gy`ªvi †h‡nZz 2wU w`K ZvB gy`ªv wb‡ÿ‡ci †ÿ‡Î, hZevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡e, Ô2Õ
Gi Dci ZZwU Power w`‡j
Total Outcome ev †gvU djvdj cvIqv hv‡e|
†hgb: GKwU gy`ªv 2 evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †gvU djvdj n‡Z cv‡i 22

= 4 wU| GKwU gy`ªv 2 evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j Gfv‡eB NUbv¸‡jv

NU‡Z1gcv‡i|
evi Head, 2q evi Head, A_ev, 1g evi Head, 2q evi Tail
1g evi Tail, 2q evi Head, A_ev, 1g evi Tail, 2q evi Tail

 GB djvdj ¸‡jv wKfv‡e †ei Ki‡Z nq??

‡mU Aa¨v‡q cvIqvi †mU †ei Kivi wbq‡g wn‡me Ki‡Z nq| ‡hgb:
`yevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j , {H, T}  {H, T} = {HH}, { HT}, {TH}, {TT},
Avevi wZbevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j,
{H, T} {H, T}  {H, T} = {HHH}, {HHT}, {HTT}, {HTH},{THH},{TTH},{THT}, {TTT}
Confusion Clear: GKwU gy`ªv 3 evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j A‡b‡KiB g‡b n‡Z cv‡i †gvU djvdj 32
= 6wU| wKš‘ Zv mwVK bq| eis GKwU gy`ªv 3 evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †gvU djvdj n‡e 2 3= 8wU|
wb‡ i djvdj ¸‡jv †`Lyb|
H = Head, T = Tail
1. HHH2.HHT3.HTT4.HTH5.THH6.TTH7.THT8. TTT
 Note: GKwU gy`ªv ev Q°v GKevi GKevi K‡i `yÕevi wb‡ÿc Kiv Avi GKmv‡_ `ywU gy`ªv
ev `ywU Q°v wb‡ÿc Kiv ej‡Z GKB ai‡Yi djvdj †evSvq A_v©r †gvU djvdj GKB Avm‡e|
1.In a throw of a coin, find the probability of getting a head. (GKwU gy`ªv GKevi
wb‡ÿc Ki‡j
Head cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-Exm-1]
1
Solution: Total cases = [H,T] = 2, Favorable cases = [H] =1 Probability =
2
2. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at least 2 heads? (3
wU wbi‡cÿ gy`ªv wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| AšÍZ 2wU †nW cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-2]
(a) 1 1 1 1
(b) (c) (d) Ans: b
4 2 3 8
Solution: Here Total cases = { TTT,TTH, THT,HTT,THH,HTH,HHT,HHH}. = 8
Event of getting at least two heads = {THH,HTH,HHT,HHH} = 4
4 1
 Required Probabiliy = = .
8 2
3. If two fair coins are flipped, what is the probability that one will come up heads and the other
tails? (hw` 2wU gy`ªv wb‡ÿc Kiv nq Zvn‡j GKUv head Ges Ab¨wU tail DVvi m ¢vebv KZ?)
(Pubali. SO- 2013)
1 1 1 3
a. b. c. d. Ans:a
4 3 2 4
Solution: Total 4 cases = [HH, TT, TH, HT] and Favorable cases = [HT, TH]
GKwU coin toss Ki‡j GKUv head Ges Ab¨wU tail DVvi 2 1
Probability =
4 2
[Note: GLv‡b one kãwU w`‡q wbw`©ó Kiv †evSvq bv, GRb¨ `ywUB wb‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ hw`
Gfv‡e ejv n‡Zv, first head 2nd tail Zvn‡j µg ev wmwiqvj wd·W K‡i †`qv‡Z Dˇi ïay
HT wb‡Z n‡Zv A_©vr 1/4 n‡Zv|]

4. Two unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most one head ?
(`ywU wbi‡cÿ gy`ªv GKevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| m‡e©v” GKwU head cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)
[Aggarwal-Exm-2]
Solution:
Total cases = { HH, HT, TH, TT} = 4 Favorable cases = = { TT, HT, TH} = 3
3
 Required Probabiliy =
4
5. An unbiased dice is tossed. Find the probability of getting a multiple of 3. (GKwU
wbi‡cÿ Q°v GKevi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| 3 Gi ¸wYZK msL¨v cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)[Aggarwal-
Exm-3]
Solution:We have sample space S={1,2,3,4,5,6}. Let E be the event of getting a multiple of 3.
Then E={3,6}. P(E) = n(E) 2 1
Since n(E) =2, n(S) = 6. P(E) = =
n(S) 6 3
 myÎ QvovB gy‡L gy‡L Kivi Rb¨ fveyb, 1 †_‡K 6 ch©šÍ 6wU msL¨vi g‡a¨ 3 Øviv wefvR¨
msL¨v `ywU n‡jv 3 I 6|
2 1
myZivs 3 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v DVvi m ¢vebv = =
6 3
6. Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two heads?
(3wU wbi‡cÿ gy`ªv‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| m‡e©v” 2wU †nW covi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-3]
(a) 3 (b)
1
(c)
3
(d)
7
Ans: d
4 4 8 8
Solution: (jwRK: †h evi 3wU B †nW co‡e ïay †mevi ev` w`‡q evKx 7 eviB
†bqv hv‡e|) Here S = {TTT,TTH,THT,HTT,THH,HTH,HHT,HHH}. = 8
Let, E = event of getting at most two heads.
Then, E = {TTT,TTH,THT,HTTTHH,HTH,HHT} = 7  P(E) = n(E) 7
n(S) = 8
 Dice related:
 g‡b ivLyb: GKwU Q°vi 6wU cvk©¦ _v‡K| GKevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †gvU djvdj 6wU †Zgwb 2 evi
wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †gvU djvdj
= 66 ev 62 = 36wU| A_©vr Q°v wb‡ÿ‡ci ci †gvU djvdj = 6 hZevi gy`ªv wb‡ÿc Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hgb: 3evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j = 63 = 216 wU djv dj Avm‡e|
7.In a single throw of a dice, what is the probability of getting a number greater than 4 ?
(1wU Q°v 1 evi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j 4 Gi † ‡q eo msL¨v cvIqvi m ¢ebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-4]
(a) 1 1 2 1
(b) (c) (d) Ans: b
2 3 3 4
Solution: When a dice is thrown, we have S = {1,2,3,4,5,6} = 6
2
Let, E = event of getting a number greater than 4 = { 5,6} =2  Probabiliy 1
6 = 3
8. In a simultaneous throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting a doublet?
(GKmv‡_
`ywU Q°v wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j GKB iKg msL¨v cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-7]
(a) 1 (b)
1
(c)
2
(d)
3
Ans: a
6 4 3 7
2
Solution: Total result = 6 =36.
GB †UwejwU †_‡K c‡ii cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`qvi †Póv Kiæb
GKwU Q v `yÕevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j Zvi djvdj ¸‡jv
Ggb †`Lv‡e
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)

from the figure favorable result = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)} = 6.

 Probabiliy 6 1
= 36 = 6
9. In a simultaneous throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting a total of 7 ?
(`ywU Q°v GK‡Î wb‡ÿc Ki‡j ‡hvMdj 7 cvIqvi m ¢ebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-5]
(a) 1 (b)
1
(c)
2
(d)
3
Ans: a
6 4 3 4
Solution: Total result = 62 =36. Favorable result: = {(1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1)}. = 6
6 1
 Probabiliy = =
36 6

10. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice ? (1 wU Q°v cici 2
evi wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j †hvMdj 9 cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-6]
(a) 1 1 1 1
(b) (c) (d) Ans: c
6 8 9 12
Solution: Total result = 62 =36. . Favorable result: = = {(3,6),(4,5),(5,4),(6,3)} = 4
4 1
 Probabiliy = = .
36 9
11. In a simultaneous throw of two dice, what is the probability of getting a total of 10 or 11
? (`ywU Q°v GKmv‡_ wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| Q°v `ywU‡Z Avmv msL¨v ؇qi †hvMdj 10 A_ev 11
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)
[Aggarwal-8]

(a) 1 (b)
1
(c)
7
(d)
5
Ans: d
4 6 12 36
Solution: Total result = 62 =36. . Favorable result: = {(4,6),(5,5),(6,4),(5,6),(6,5)} = 5
5
 Probabiliy =
36
12. In a simultaneous throw of a pair of dice, find the probability of getting a total more
than 7.( `ywU Q°v GKmv‡_ wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| 7 Gi †_‡K eo msL¨v cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)
[Aggarwal-Exm-4]
Solution:
Total result = 62 =36.
Favorable result: = {( 3,6), (3,5),(3,6),(4,4), (4,5),(6,6), (5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),(6,2), (6,3),
(6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} = 15
 Probabiliy 15 5
= 36 = 12.
13. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting two numbers
whose product is even ? (`ywU Q°v GKmv‡_ wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j `ywU msL¨vi ¸Ydj †Rvo nIqvi
m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-9]
(a) 1 (b)
3
(c)
3
(d)
5
Ans: b
2 4 8 16
Solution:
Total result = 62 =36.
.Favorable result: = {(1,2),(1,4),(1,6),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,2),(3,4),(3,6),(4,1),
(4,2),(4,3),(4,4), (4,5),(4,6) ,(5,2),(5,4),(5,6),(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)} = 27
 Probabiliy 3
27 [Gfv‡e GZ wKQz †jLvi mgq cv‡eb bv, ev mgq bó n‡e A‡bK ZvB
= 36 =
jwRKwU †`Lyb]
4
gy‡L gy‡L: ¸YdjY †Rvo nIqvi Rb¨ †h †Kvb 1wU msL¨v †Rvo n‡jB n‡e| Zvn‡j `ywUB †Rvo
msL¨v Ges 1wU †Rvo msL¨v¸‡jvi Avgv‡`i DËi| wb‡ i ‡UwejwU †`Lyb 2,4 Ges 6 w`‡q †kl nIqv
†gvU msL¨v A‡a©K ev 18wU| Gici 1,3, &5 Gi 18wU msL¨vi g‡a¨ A‡a©K¸‡jv‡Z 1wU †Rvo
msL¨v Av‡Q | Zvn‡j ¸Ydj †Rvo n‡e Ggb msL¨v 18+9 = 27wU|

GKwU Q v `yÕevi wb‡ÿc Ki‡j Zvi djvdj ¸‡jv

Ggb †`Lv‡e
(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)
(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)

14. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on
the two faces is divisible by 4 or 6 ?( `ywU Q°v GK‡Î wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| Q°vi Avmv msL¨v
`ywUi †hvMdj 4 A_ev 6 Øviv wefvR¨ nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-Exm-6]
Solution:
Let E be event that the sum of the numbers on the two faces is divisible by 4 or 6, Then ,
E = {( 1,3),(1 5,),(2 ,2),( 2,4),(2 ,6),( 3,1),(3,3),(3 ,5),( 4,2),(4,4),(5,1),(5,3),(6,2), (6,6)
n(E) = 14.
Hence, P (E) = n(E) 14 7
n(S) = 36= 18

15. Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a prime number is ?( 2wU
Q°v wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv Zv‡`i †gvU Score ‡gŠwjK msL¨v nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-39]
(a) 1 (b)
1
(c)
5
(d)
7
(e) None Ans: c
6 2 12 9
Solution: Clearly, n(S) = ( 6  6) = 36.
Let, E be the event that the sum is a prime number . Then,
n(E) = {(1,1),(1,2), (1,4),(1,6),(2,1),(2,3),(2,5),(3,2),(3,4),(4,1),(4,3),(5,2),(5,6),(6,1),(6,5)}
 n(E) = 15.  P(E) = n(E) 15 5
n(S) = 36= 12
.
 Card relaled:
A pack of cards has 52 cards. It has 13 cards of each suit namely
(A) Spades, (B¯‹vcb) (B) Clubs, (w ovZb) (C) Hearts (niZb) and (D) Diamonds. (iæBZb)
Cards of spades and clubs are black cards. So, number of black cards = (13+13) = 26
Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards. Number of red cards = 13+13 = 26
There are four honors of each suit. These are Aces, Kings, queens and Jacks.
In each suit there are 3 face cards = king, queen & jack

So total number of face cards = 34 = 12

16. One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the
card drawn is a face card ? (52wU Zv‡mi ga¨ †_‡K 1wU Zvm †bIqv n‡j ZvmwU face
KvW© nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-13]
(a) 1 (b)
4
(c)
1
(d)
3
Ans: d
13 13 4 13
Solution: (g~j eB‡q †dm KvW© 16wU †`qv Av‡Q hv fzj. KviY †dm KvW© †gvU 12wU
cÖ‡qvR‡b ¸M‡j mv © w`b) Clearly, there are 52 cards, out of which there are 12 face
cards.
12 3
 Probabiliy (getting a face card) = =
52 13
17. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a
king of heart is (52wU Zv‡mi ga¨ †_‡K ‰`efv‡e 1wU Zvm †bIqv n‡j †mwU Club Gi ivbx
A_ev heart Gi ivRv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-14]
(a) 1 (b)
2
(c)
1
(d)
1
Ans: c
13 13 26 52
Solution:
Total card = 52 and favorable case = 2 KviY K¬ve Gi ivYx Av‡Q 1wU Avevi nvU©‡mi
ivRv I Av‡Q gvÎ 1wU
2 1
 Probabiliy =
52 26

18. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn
is either a red card or a king ? (52wU Zv‡mi ga¨ †_‡K ‰`efv‡e 1wU Zvm †bIqv n‡j
†mwU jvj is‡qi Zvm A_ev ivRv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-15]
(a) 1 (b)
6
(c)
7
(d)
27
Ans: c
2 13 13 52
Solution: Total card = 52 Total red card 26 and total king card = 4
but 26 red cards have also 2 king card, so other 2 black king card
So Red card or king. = 26 + 2 = 28.  Probabiliy 28 7
= 52 = 13
[Note: GLv‡b 26+4 = 30 a‡i wn‡me Ki‡j KvW© wiwcU n‡e Ges DËi fzj n‡e]

19. From a pack of 52 cards, one card is drawn at random. What is the probability that the
card drawn is a ten or a spade ? (52wU Zv‡mi ga¨ †_‡K ‰`efv‡e 1wU Zvm †bIqv n‡j
†mwU Ten A_ev Spade nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-16]
(a) 4 (b)
1
(c)
1
(d)
1
Ans: a
13 4 13 26
Solution:
Total card = 52 There are 13 spades (including one ten) and there are 3 more tens.
So, total spade card or ten card = 13+3 = 16 (13+4 = 17 ai‡j fzj n‡e KviY 1wU
wiwcU n‡e)
16 4
 Probabiliy= =
52 13
20. The probability that a card drawn from a pack of 52 cards will be a diamond or a king,
is (52wU Zv‡mi GKwU c¨v‡KU †_‡K 1wU Zvm †bIqv n‡j †mwU Diamond A_ev King
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-17]
(a) 2 (b)
4
(c)
1
(d)
1
Ans: b
13 13 13 52
Solution: (ûeû Av‡MiwUi gZB Zv mgš^q K‡i Kivi † óv Kiæb)
Here, n(S) = 52. There are 13 cards of diamond (including 1 king) and there are 3 more kings
16 4
 Probabiliy= =
52 13
21. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn togather at random. What is the
probability of both the cards being kings ? (52wU Zv‡mi GKwU c¨v‡KU †_‡K 2wU Zvm
ˆ`efv‡e †bIqv nj| `ywU ZvmB ivRv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-18]
(a) 1 (b)
25
(c)
35
(d)
1
Ans: d
15 57 256 221
Solution: (GKwUi RvqMvq hLwb `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK KvW© ‡bqv n‡e ZLwb Zv mgv‡e‡ki
wbq‡g fve‡Z n‡e)
52
Let, S be the sample space. Then, n(S)= 52C = =1326.
2 51 4 C2 431
2 1 4  3
==
52 C
2 52  51221
4 `yevi B 2 _vKvq 2 ev`|
Let, E = event of getting 2 king out of 4. n(E) = C2 =
2 1 = 6
 P (E) = n(E) 6 1
= =
n(S) 1326 221
Shortcut:
4 3 (cÖ_‡g 52wU †Z 4wU ivRv †_‡K 1wU wb‡j 1 1 1
 51wU‡Z 3wU ivRv) =  =
52 51 13 17 221
22. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a
spade and one is a heart, is (52 wU Zv‡mi GKwU c¨v‡KU †_‡K `ywU Zvm GK‡Î †bIqv
n‡j GKwU spade Ges GKwU heart nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-19]
(a) 3 (b)
29
(c)
47
(d)
13
Ans: d
20 34 100 102
52  51
Solution: Let S = sample space. Then, n(S)= 52C2 = 13 C1 13 C1 13
= 1326.
2 1 52 C
2
=
102
Let E = event of getting 1 spade and 1 heart.
 n(E) = number of ways of choosing 1 spade out of 13 and 1 heart out of 13.
(13C1  13C1) = (13  13) = 169.  P (E) = n(E) 169 13
n(S) = 1326 = 102
Number related:
23. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is
the probability that the ticket drawn bears a number which is a multiple of 3 ? (1 ‡_‡K
20 ch©šÍ wjLv wKQz wU‡KU †_‡K ˆ`efv‡e GKwU wU‡KU †bqv n‡j 3 Gi ¸YxZK nIqvi m
¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-10]
(a) 3 (b)
3
(c)
2
(d)
1
Ans: a
10 20 5 2
Solution: Here, S = { 1,2,3,4,........., 19,20}. = 20
Let, E = event of getting a multiple of 3 = {3,6,9,12,15,18} = 6
 P (E) = n(E) 6 3
n(S) = 20 = 10

24. Tickets numbered 1 to 50 are mixed and one ticket is drawn at random. Find the
probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 4 or 7?
[careerride.com]
9 9 18
a) b) c) d) None Ans:a
25 50 25
Solution: S = {1, 2, 3, … , 49, 50} = 50
E = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 7, 14, 21, 35, 42, 49} = 18
n(S) = 50 n(E) = 18 P(E) = n(E) 18 9
n(S) = 50= 25
mnR mgvavb: cÖ_‡g 4 Gi ¸wYZK mn‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ 1 I 50 Gi gv‡S ïiæi I †k‡li
¸wYZK wbb = 4, 8, 12, ...48 c`msL¨v 11+1 = 12wU| mivmwi 484 = 12wU| Gici 1-50 Gi
g‡a¨ 7 Gi ¸wYZK Av‡Q 7wU| Zvn‡j
†gvU n‡jv 7+12 = 19wU| wKš‘ 7 Ges 4 Df‡qi ¸wYZK Av‡Q 7 I 4 Gi j.mv. ¸ = 28| 1wU B|
18 9
myZivs 4 A_ev 7 Gi ¸wYZK †gvU msL¨v n‡e 19-1 = 18wU| m ¢vebv = = =
50 25

25. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is
the probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?( 1
‡_‡K 20 ch©šÍ wjLv wKQz wU‡KU †_‡K ˆ`efv‡e GKwU wU‡KU †bIqv nq| wUwKU wU
3 A_ev 5Gi ¸bxZK nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-11]
(a) 1 (b)
2
(c)
8
(d)
9
Ans: d
2 5 15 20
Solution: Here, S = { 1,2,3,4........,19,20}.
Let, E = event of getting a multiple of 3 or 5 = {3,6,9,12,15,18,5,10,20}. = 9
 P (E) = n(E) 9
n(S) = 20
 e¨vL¨v: 3 Gi ¸wYZK = 6wU Ges 5 Gi ¸wYZK = 4wU| wKš‘ 3 I 5 Df‡qi ¸wYZK j.mv.¸ 15 =
1wU| myZivs †gvU
9
¸wYZK = 4+4-1 = 9wU| wb‡Y©q m ¢ve¨Zv =
20
 Others:
26. In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is
the probability of getting a prize ? (GKwU jUvwi‡Z 10wU cyi®‹vi Ges 25wU duvKv
i‡q‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e GKwU jUvwi wb‡j cyi®‹vi cvIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-12]
(a) 1 (b)
2
(c)
2
(d)
5
Ans: c
10 5 7 7
Solution: P (getting a prize) 10 10 2
= (10  =35 = 7.
25)
 Balls related: (Most important for MCQ & Written)
GB wbq‡gi cÖkœ¸‡jv †kLv me‡_‡K Riæix| KviY Dc‡ii cÖkœ¸‡jv GKUz mnR Ges
cixÿvq Lye †ewk Av‡m bv| Z‡e GgwmwKD‡Z †h mnR cÖkœ¸‡jv Av‡m Zv mvaviYfv‡e
cviv hvq|
GLv‡b fv‡jvfv‡e wkL‡j wcÖwj Ges wjwLZ Dfq cixÿv‡ZB fv‡jv Kiv hv‡e|

mv`v ej †_‡K Kv‡jv ej cvIqvi m ¢vebv 0 †Zgwb Kv‡jv ej ‡_‡K mv`v ej

cvIqvi m ¢vebv 0| wKš‘ 5wU Kv‡jv ej †_‡K 1wU ej Zzj‡j Zv Kv‡jv nIqvi
m ¢vebv 1|
3
3wU mv`v I 5wU Kv‡jv ej †_‡K 1wU Zzj‡j Zv mv`v nIqvi m ¢vebv Ges mv`v bv nIqvi m
3 5
¢vebv 1- =
8 8 8
Either ----- or ------, Neither ----- nor ------:
27. A box contains 4 red, 5 green and 6 white balls. A ball is drawn at random from the box.
What is the probability that the ball drawn is either red or green? (GKwU ev‡· 4wU jvj,
5wU meyR Ges 6wU mv`v ej Av‡Q| hw` GKwU ej ˆ`efv‡e †bIqv nq Zvn‡j ejwU jvj A_ev
meyR nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-23]
(a) 2 (b)
3
(c)
1
(d)
7
Ans: b
5 5 5 15
Solution: (GKwU welq †`Lyb, 2 ev Zvi †_‡K †ewk ej evQvB Kivi mgq Kvjvi¸‡jvi mgš^q
ev Kw ^‡bkb Ki‡Z nq, wKš‘ 1wU ej wb‡j mvaviY wbq‡g Ki‡jB
DËi †ei nq|)
Total number of balls = ( 4 + 5 +6) = 15
4
P(drawing a red ball or a green ball) = P(red) + P(green) =  5 9 3
=
15 15 15 5
=
9 3
eyS‡j `ªæZ cviv hv‡e, jvj+meyR = 4+5 = 9wU †gvU ej = 15wU| m ¢vebv: =
15 5

28. A box contain 10 red balls, 7 green balls and 12 blue balls. A ball is drawn at random.
What is the probability that the ball drawn is either red or green ? [affairscloud.com]
7 17
A. B. 12 D. None of these Ans: C
29 29 C. 29
Solution: Total no of balls =10+7+12 = 29
10 10
P(R) = P(G) 7 P(Either red or green) = + 7 = 17
=
29 29 29 29 29

29. A bag contains 4 red balls, 6 blue balls and 8 pink balls. One ball is drawn at random
and replace with 3 pink balls. A probability that the first ball drawn was either red or
blue in color and the second ball drawn was pink in color ? (GKwU e¨v‡M 4wU jvj 6wU
bxj Ges 8wU †Mvjvcx is‡qi ej i‡q‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e GKwU ej †Zvjv nj Ges 3wU †Mvjvcx bZzb ej
ivLv n‡jv| 1g ejwU jvj A_ev bxj Ges 2q ejwU †Mvjvcx nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-50]
12 13 11
(a) (b) (c) (d) None Ans: d
21 17 30
Solution:
Number of Red balls = 4 , Number of Blue balls = 6 , Number of Pink balls = 8
 Total number of balls = 4+6+8 = 18
Required probability
=
4 11 6 11 11 4 6 11 10 11
 +  =   =  =



18 20 18 20 20 18 36
20 18 18
  
[e¨vL¨v: 1 ej †bqvi mgq Zv jvj nIqvi m ¢ebv 4/18 | Gici 3wU †Mvjvcx ej ivLvq †gvU
†Mvjvcx 8+3 = 11wU| wKš‘ †gvU ej 18+3 = 21 bv KviY GKwU jvj ej K‡g †M‡Q| GKB
fv‡e 1g ejwU bxj n‡j m ¢vebv 6/18 wKš‘ 2q ejwU †Mvjcx nIqvi m ¢vebv Av‡Mi gZ †ei K‡i
Dfq d‡ji mv‡_ ¸Y K‡i †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| ]

30. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly.
What is the probability that it is neither blue nor green ? ( GKwU e‡· 8wU jvj, 7wU bxj
Ges 6wU meyR ej Av‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e GKwU ej †bqv n‡j Zv bxj ev meyR bv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)
[Aggarwal-22]

(a) 2 (b)
3
(c)
7
(d) 8 Ans: d
3 4 19 21
Solution:
Total number of balls = (8 + 7 + 6) = 21.
bxj ev meyR bv nIqv A_©B jvj ej nIqv †h‡nZz jvj ej Av‡Q = 8wU| myZivs jvj ej nIqvi m
8
¢vebv:
21
31. A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ball drawn is white ? (GKwU e¨v‡M 6wU Kv‡jv Ges 8wU mv`v ej
Av‡Q| GKwU ej
ˆ`efv‡e †bqv n‡j ejwU mv`v nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-21]
(a) 3 4 1 3
(b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: b
4 7 8 7
Solution: Total number of balls = ( 6+8) = 14, Number of white balls = 8
8 4
P (drawing a white ball) = =
14 7
Same color.
Both are same Vs Both are white
DfqwU GKB is‡qi A_© `ywUB mv`v ev DfqwUB mv`v n‡Z n‡e GUv †ewk
`ywUB jvj ev `ywUB Kv‡jv †h †Kvb wKQzB †¯úwmwdK ZvB DËi
n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB me¸‡jv djvdj †QvU n‡e | Gfv‡e `ywUB jvj †ei Ki‡Z ïay
Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i †ie K‡i †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| jvj †_‡K
evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e|

32. A basket contains 4 red, 5 blue and 3 green marbles. If 2 marbles are drawn at random
from the basket, what is the probability that both are red? (GKwU Sywo‡Z 4wU jvj,
5wU bxj Ges 3wU meyR gv‡e©j Av‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e 2wU gv‡e©j wbe©v b Kiv n‡j DfqwU jvj
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)[Aggarwal-24]
(a) 3 (b)
1
(c)
1
(d)
1
(e) None Ans: c
7 2 11 6
Solution:
Total number of marbles. = ( 4+5+3) = 12, Let, E be the event of drawing 2 red marbles.
4 4  3 12 12 11
Then, n(E)n(E)
= C2 = 6 C2 = 1 = 66.  P (E)= = =
= 6. also, n(S) 2 n(S) 66 11
2 1
= 1
Dc‡ii wbqgUv ïaygvÎ wjwLZ cixÿvq cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨| digvwjwUm ev` w`‡q mnR fvlvqI
Kiv hvq|
 MCQ cixÿvi Rb¨ me‡_‡K mnR wbqg n‡jv Gfv‡e,
cÖ_gwU jvj nIqvi m 3
¢vebv, 4 1 Gici 2q wU jvj nIqvi m ¢vebv, (1wU jvj ej Kgvq †gvU ejI

K‡g‡Q)
12 3 11
myZivs `ywUB jvj nIqvi 1  3  1 [`ywUi Avjv`v djvdj ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e]
m ¢vebv =
3 11 11
43 4 3 1
4
C2 
cixÿvi 1
wjL‡e,n‡j ïay gyj †jLvUv Gfv‡e 12
C2 =  A_ev kU©Kv‡Ui =
12 11 11 11 11

33. A bag contains 5 red balls and 4 green balls. What is the probability that both balls are
same in color? [affairscloud.com]
A. 4/9 B. 5/11 C. 3/13 D. None of these Ans: A

Solution: Case 1: both red 5

C2 4
C2
Case 2: both green [mivmwi wb‡ i jvBb †_‡K Kiv
9
C2 9
C2 hvq]

Required probability = Add both cases =

5
C2 4 5
C2 4 5 1 8 4
9 + =4 +
3 = 18  6 = 18  9
C2 9 9
C2 9 
8
8

34. An urn contains 6 red, 4 blue, 2 green and 3 yellow marbles. If two marbles are drawn
at random from the urn, what is the probability that both are red?( GKwU cv‡Î (Urn)
6wU jvj, 4wU bxj 2wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` gv‡e©j Av‡Q| hw` ‰`efv‡e 2wU gv‡e©j
wbe©v b Kiv nq Zvn‡j G‡`i DfqwU jvj nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-25]
(a) 1 (b)
1
(c)
2
(d)
2
(e) None Ans: b
6 7 15 5
Solution:
Total number of marbles. = ( 6+4+2+3) = 15. Let, E be the event of drawing 2 red marbles..
6 6  5 1514 n(E) 15 1
Then, n(E) = C = 15 =105. P (E)=
= 2 1
2 = 15. also, n(S) C2 =  2 1 n(S) = 105 = 7

Shortcut: 6 1
5 = [15wU ‡Z jvj 6wU †_‡K cÖ_‡g 1wU evQvB Ki‡j jvj †gvU
15  14
gv‡e©j 1wU K‡i Kg‡e]
7

35. An urn contains 6 red, 4 blue, 2 green and 3 yellow marbles. If two marbles are picked
up at random, what is the probability that either both are green or both are yellow?
(GKwU e‡· 6wU jvj, 4wU bxj 2wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` gv‡e©j Av‡Q| hw` 2wU ej
ˆ`efv‡e †bqv nq DfqwU meyR A_ev DfqwU njy` nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-29]
(a) 5 1 1 4
(b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: d
91 35 3 105
Solution: Total number of marbles = ( 6+4+2+3) = 15, green marbles. = 2 and yellow balls = 3

Probability of both being green or yellow = Both are green + Both are yellow
 2 2 1 1
= 15 C2 =  3
3
C2 = 32 4
C 2  15 15  15 =
105 105 105
C2 14
14
 [GLv‡b †hvM †K‡bv? or ev A_ev ejvq `ywU ¯^vaxb NUbv n‡q †M‡Q, d‡j GKUv wb‡j
Ab¨Uvi Dci Zvi cÖfve co‡Q bv, Avevi 2wU K‡i wb‡Z e‡j‡Q ZvB meyR 2wU wb‡j meyR
evQvB Kivi m ¢vebv ‡kl Zvici cybivq njy` evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e A_©vr 2wU wb‡Z e‡j‡Q ZvB
2wU wb‡q wb‡j Avi evQvB Kivi wKQz Aewkó _vK‡jv bv, ZvB †hvM|]

wKfv‡e ej‡j ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡Zv? GLv‡bB hw` ejv n‡Zv. †gvU 4wU ej wb‡Z n‡e, hvi 2wU
meyR I 2wU njy` Zvn‡j cÖ_‡g 2wU meyR wb‡jI evQvB †kl nq wb, eis njy` 2wU wb‡q
evQvB Kiv †kl n‡e, A_©vr Gevi meyR ej¸‡jv njy` e‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj ZvB ZLb ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

GB Aa¨v‡qi AsK¸‡jv mgvavb Ki‡Z Lye †ewk mgq jvM‡e bv, wKš‘ As‡Ki fvlv eyS‡Z bv
cvi‡j fzj n‡e|

Shortcut: `ywUB meyR nIqvi 1

2 1 = , `ywUB njy` nIqvi m 3 2 1
m ¢vebv = 15  14 = 35
15  14
¢vebv =
105

myZivs Df‡q wg‡j `ywUB meyR ev `ywUB 1 3 4

njy` nIqvi m ¢vebv = 105 105 = 105


All are same color:

Av‡Mi wbq‡gi mv‡_ GUvi cv_©K¨ n‡jv, Av‡Mievi bvg D‡jøL¨ K‡i ejv wQj ZvB †h
is‡qi ej GKB n‡Z cv‡i ïay
†mB is wb‡q wn‡me Kiv n‡qwQj wKš‘ bvg D‡jøL¨ Kiv bv _vKvq Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i
wn‡me K‡i †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡Mi wbq‡gi †kl cÖkœwUi mgvav‡bi gZB|

36. A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random. Find the
probability that they are of the same color. (GKwU e¨v‡M 6wU mv`v ej Ges 4wU Kv‡jv
ej Av‡Q|
ˆ`efv‡e `ywU ej †Zvjv nj| `ywU ejB GKB Kvjv‡ii nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)[Aggarwal-Exm-5]
Solution:
Total number of balls = 6+4 = 10, where white balls = 6 and black balls = 4
Probability of both being same color = Both are white +Both are black
6 4 6 4 1 2 7
= 10 C2  10C2 5 
3 = 3  15= 15
C2 C2 =
10  10 
9
9
[GLv‡b Dc‡ii fMœvs‡ki ni 21 Avevi wb‡ i fMœvsk‡Z ni 21 ZvB mivmwi 21 ev` w`‡q
je¸‡jv †jLv n‡q‡Q]
6 5 4 3 1 2 7
Shortcut:  +  =  = Av‡Mi AsK¸‡jv eyS‡j Gfv‡e mivmwi †jLv hv‡e|
  
  3 15 15
10 9   10 9


Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i M‡íi gZ cÖwZevi A‡bK K_v bv wj‡L mivmwi wj‡L mgvavb Ki‡Z
_vKzb| ïay wjwLZ cixÿvq Avm‡j we¯ÍvwiZ wbqgwU cÖ‡qvM Kiyb Avi Ab¨ me mgq
Kg wj‡L gyj welqUv‡K †evSv‡Z cvi‡jB n‡e|

37. A box contains 10 black and 10 white balls. What is the probability of drawing 2 balls of
the same color?(GKwU e‡· 10wU Kv‡jv Ges 10wU mv`v ej Av‡Q| `yBwU ej Zyj‡j GKB
 is‡qi nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-35]
9 9 10 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: a
19 38 19 19
Solution:
Total number of balls = 10+10 = 20, Black balls = 10 and White balls = 10
 Probability of both being same color = Both are black +Both are white
10
C2  10 C2 910   10  9 9

9 18 9
= 20 =
C 20 C 20 20 = = =
 10 9  9 9 2 2
19 19 38 38 38 19
Shortcut:
¸Y|]   2 = 2 = [ `y is‡qi ejB 10wU K‡i _vKvq 2 evi bv wj‡L 2 w`‡q
 
 19 38 19
20 
38. In an examination, there are three sections namely Reasoning, Maths and English.
Reasoning part contains 4 questions. There are 5 questions in maths section and 6
questions in English section. If three questions are selected randomly from the list of
questions then what is the probability that all of them are from maths? [affairscloud.com]
7 7 2
A. B. C. D. None of these Ans: C
91 91 91
Solution:
5
C3 2
Total no of questions = 15 Probability = = [Shortcut: 5  4  3 = 2 ]
15
C 3 91 15 14 13 91
39. A box contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 green balls. 3 balls are drawn at random. What is
the probability that all the balls are of same colour? [affairscloud.com]
33 44
A. B. 34 D. None of these Ans: B
455 455 C. 455

Solution
:  4 6

C 3  5 C3  C3 = 34
15
C 455
3
None is same color:
None is same color, & none of these are yellow GK welq bq| Kvib †KvbUvB GKB bv A_©
†mUv †h †Kvb Kvjv‡ii B _vK bv †K‡bv GKB n‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ †Kvb is‡qi bvg D‡jøL¨ Kiv
_vK‡j ZLb ïay H is‡qiUv GK n‡Z cvi‡e bv wKš‘ Ab¨¸‡jv cvi‡e| †hgb ‡KvbUvB njy` n‡e bv
A_© Ab¨ is‡qi n‡Z cvi‡e|
40. An urn contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. 2 balls are drawn at random, find the
probability that no ball is blue. (GKwU e‡· 2wU jvj, 3wU meyR Ges 2wU bxj ej Av‡Q|
2wU ej Zzj‡j
†Kvb ej bxj bv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-34]
5 10 2 11
(a) (b) (c) (d) Ans: b
7 21 7 21
Solution:
Total number of balls = ( 2+3+2) = 7. Here blue balls = 2 So, others ball = 7-2 = 5
5
C2  5  4  10
Probability of selecting 2 none blue balls is = 7
C 2 7  6 21
[e¨vL¨v: 2wU e‡ji †KvbwUB bxj n‡e bv A_© H 2wU ej Aek¨B bxj ev‡` jvj ev meyR n‡e|]

Shortcut: 5 †m‡KÛ DËi: 5  4  10 [ Confusion Clear:

ïay 1wU ‡bqvi K_v7621
ejv n‡j mvaviY wbq‡g Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡hgb: 1wU ej wb‡j Zv
1wU ej †bqvi Kvi‡Y c‡iievi †gvU †_‡K 1 wU Kg‡e Avevi jvj/meyR ‡_‡KI 1wU Kg‡e] blue bv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ? DËi: 5
7
41. A basket contains 6 blue, 2 red, 4 green and 3 yellow balls. If three balls are picked up
at random, what is the probability that none is yellow? (GKwU Szwo‡Z 6wU bxj 2wU
jvj, 4wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` ej Av‡Q| hw` ˆ`efv‡e 3wU ej wbe©v b Kiv nq Zvn‡j
1wUI njy` ej bv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-26]
(a) 3 (b)
1
(c)
4
(d)
44
Ans: d
455 5 5 91
Solution:
Total number of balls = ( 6+2+4+3) = 15. Here yellow balls = 3 So, others ball = 15-3=12
12
Probability of selecting 3 none yellow balls is = C3  12 1110 44
15
C 3 15 14 13  91
[e¨vL¨v: 3wU e‡ji †KvbwUB njy` n‡e bv A_© H 3wU ej njy` ev‡` Ab¨ ej n‡e, ZvB Ab¨ 12wU ej
†_‡K 3wU ‡bqv n‡q‡Q]

fzj n‡Z cv‡i †hfv‡e fve‡j:

1- 3wU ejB njy` nIqvi m ¢ebv = DËi| Gfv‡e fve‡j wbwðZ fzj n‡e| KviY 1wU ejI njy` bv
nIqv A_© wKš‘ ILv‡b †Kvb ejB njy` †bB| wKš‘ †gvU m ¢vebv 1 Ask †_‡K 3wU ejB
njy` nIqvi m ¢ebv ev` w`‡j †h DËi Av‡m
†mLv‡b 3wU B njy` bv n‡jI 1 ev 2wU njy` ej _vK‡Z cv‡i|

42. A bag contains 4 red, 5 yellow and 6 pink balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What
is the probability that none of the balls drawn are yellow in color ?(GKwU e¨v‡M 4wU
jvj 5wU njy` Ges 6wU †Mvjvcx is‡qi ej i‡q‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e `ywU ej †Zvjv nj| †Kvb ejB
njy` bv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-48]
(a) 1 (b)
3
(c)
2
(d)
5
Ans: b
7 7 7 14
Solution:
Number of red balls = 4, Number of yellow balls = 5, Number of ponk balls = 6
Total Number of balls = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15. none yellow balls = 15-5 = 10
10
C2  10  9 3
Probability of selecting 2 none yellow balls is = 15 =
C 2 15 14 7
[e¨vL¨v: ‡Kvb ejB njy` n‡e bv A_© H 2wU ej njy` ev‡` Ab¨ ej n‡e, ZvB Ab¨ 10wU ej †_‡K
2wU ‡bqv n‡q‡Q ]
10 9
Shortcut: 10 †m‡KÛ DËi:  [2wU evQvB Ki‡Z ¸Y 1Uv †bqvi ci 1wU K‡i
3
 K‡g]
15 14 7
43. A box contains 5 green, 4 yellow and 3 white balls. Three balls are drawn at random.
What is the probability that they are not of same color? (GKwU ev‡· 5wU meyR, 4wU
njy` Ges 3wU mv`v ej Av‡Q| ev· †_‡K ‰`efv‡e 3wU ej †Zvjv n‡jv| ej¸‡jv GKB is‡qi bv
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)[Basic Bank- (AM)-2018-(Written)]
Solution:
Total balls = 5+4+3 = 12
Total cases = 12C3 = 12 1110 = 220 (A_©vr 12 Uv ej †_‡K 3 Uv †bqv hv‡e me©‡gvU 220

fv‡e)
3  2 1
Total cases of drawing same colour = 5C3+4C3+3C3=15
 Probability of same color = 15 3
(A_©vr 3wU ejB GKB nIqvi m ¢vebv GUv|)
220= 41
Ans:
44 44
3 41
Probability of not same colur =1- = (me‡© gvU djvdj †_‡K GKwU ev` w`‡j Ab¨wU †ei
nq|)
44 44
Alternative solution:
The probability that they all are of same color =
5 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 1 3
            
12 11 10  12 11 10   11 10  44
12
the probability that they are not of same colour = 1- 3 41 41
= Ans:
44 44 44

wb‡Pi GB cv_©K¨wU ai‡Z bv cvivi Kvi‡YB A‡b‡KB wewfbœ cixÿv G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †d‡jb: ZvB
¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i cob– |
All are not same color Vs All are different color
A_© n‡jv me¸‡jvB GKB is‡qi bq A_©vr ej A_© n‡jv 3wU e‡ji isB wfbœ wfbœ n‡Z n‡e|
hw` 3wU nq Zvn‡j 3wU ejB jvj n‡e bv, G‡ÿ‡Î 1 is‡qi 2 wU ej I †bqv hv‡e bv| eis 1wU
wKš‘ 1wU jvj 2wU bxj ev 2jvj wU bxj ev jvj, 1wU bxj, 1wU Kv‡jv Gfv‡e wfbœ wfbœ
3wU 3 Kvjv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i| ïay me¸‡jv is‡qi ej n‡Z n‡e|
1 is‡qi bv n‡jB n‡jv
All are not same Gi g‡a¨B All are different All are different color †K All are same color Gi
Gi DËi¸‡jv _v‡K Ges GQvovI Av‡iv wecixZ fvev hv‡e bv KviY All are same color
A‡bK DËi _v‡K| Gi wecixZ n‡jv All are not same color ‡hUv
†hgb:3wU wfbœ is‡qi ej‡K ejv hvq wfbœ wRwbm|
All are
different Avevi Zv‡`i‡K all are not same
color
I ejv hv‡”Q| ZvB e‡j wK `y‡UvB GK!!
All are not same Gi cwiwa eo, GUv w`‡q ïay All are different color Gi cwiwa †QvU|
me¸‡jvB GK is‡qi ev‡` evKx me wKQz mevB‡K wfbœ
†evSvq | n‡Z n‡e Zvn‡j All are different color Gi DËi
n‡e|
GB Aa¨v‡qi GiKg AsK ¸‡jv Ki‡Z _vK‡j GB welqwU evi evi mgm¨v ˆZix Ki‡e, ZvB
fv‡jvfv‡e ey‡S wbb|
cÖ‡qvR‡b GB Uwc‡Ki Dc‡i Youtube G Avgv‡`i wfwWI †`Lyb|

Different color:
44. A bag contains 6 red balls 11 yellow balls and 5 pink balls. If two balls are drawn at
random from the bag. One after another what is the probability that the first ball is red
and second ball is yellow. (GKwU e¨v‡M 6wU jvj ej, 11wU njy` ej Ges 5wU †Mvjvcx
is‡qi ej Av‡Q| hw`
ˆ`efv‡e `yBwU ej cici †Zvjv nq Zvn‡j 1g wU jvj Ges 2q ej njy` nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?)
[Aggarwal-49]

(a) 1 (b)
14 2
(c)
7
5 3
(e) None Ans: b
7 14
Solution:
Number of red balls = 6, Number of yellow balls = 11, Number of pink balls = 5
Total number of balls = 6 +11 + 5 = 22

Probability of first ball being red 6 6 3

=  22 11
C1
22
C1
After selecting 1 ball balls left = 22-1 = 21
 11
Now, Probability of slecting nd C1 11
2 
C1
 3 11  1
nd
So, probability of selecting 2 balls first ball is red and 2 ball is yellow is =  =
 
 21  7
11

Note: GLv‡b µg D‡jøL¨ K‡i †`qv‡Z cÖkœwU †ewk ‡¯úwmwdK n‡q †M‡Q| weKí¸‡jv K‡g
hvIqvq Dˇii fMœvskwU
†QvU n‡e| GLv‡b me‡_‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq †hUv †kLv †M‡j, 1wU jvj Avi 1gwU jvj GK
welq bv| KviY 1g wU jvj A_© Aek¨B cÖ_gwUB jvj n‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ 1wU jvj A_© cÖ_g wU jvj
bv n‡jI j‡e wKš‘ c‡ii †h †Kvb 1wU jvj n‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e, hw` Gfv‡e ejv n‡Zv †h, 1wU ej jvj Ges 1wU ej njy` Zvn‡j cÖ_g I 2q wb‡q †Kvb K_v
_vK‡Zv bv, eis †h
6 11
C1  C1 2
†KvbwUB
DËi n‡Zv, jvj ev njy` n‡Z cvi‡Zv, ZLb 
22 2
C 7
 6 11  1
Shortcut: = [ wfbœ is‡qi 1wU K‡i †bqv‡Z 1g wU †Zvjvi ci jvj ej Ges †gvU ej
1wU K‡i   
 22 21  7
Kg‡jI 2q evi njy` ej 11wUB _vK‡e|]
45. An urn contains 6 red, 4 blue, 2 green and 3 yellow marbles. If three marbles are picked
up at random, what is the probability that 2 are blue and 1 is yellow? (GKwU cv‡Î 6wU
jvj, 4wU bxj, 2wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` gv‡e©j Av‡Q| hw` ˆ`efv‡e 3wU gv‡e©j wbe©v b
Kiv nq Zvn‡j 2wU bxj Ges 1wU meyR nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-27]
(a) 3 (b)
1
(c)
18
(d) 7 (e) None Ans: c
91 5 455 15
Solution:
Total number of marbles= = ( 6+4+2+3) = 15.
Number of ways to select 2 blue & 1 yellow marble 4
C2 3 C1 18
Probability
= = 15
Total number of ways to select 3 marbles from 15 marbles C3 =
455
46. A box contains 10 electric bulbs from which 2 bulbs are defective. Two bulbs are chosen
at random. What is the probability that one of them is defective? [affairscloud.com]
3 25
A. B. 16 D. None of these Ans: B
10 45 C. 68
2
C 8 2  8 16
C1 1
= =
Solution: 10 10  9 45
C2
2
47. A box contains 25 bulbs out of which 5 are defective. 3 bulbs are to be delivered to a
customer. What is the probability that he get one defective bulb? [affairscloud.com]
19 44
A. B. 25 D. None of these Ans: A
46 51 C. 77
25
C3 20 19
5  2 1
Solution
5
C1 20 = =
25  24  23
: C2 1 2  3
5 10 19
25  4  23
=
46
48. An urn contains 6 red, 4 blue, 2 green and 3 yellow marbles. If four marbles are picked
up at random, what is the probability that 1 is green, 2 are blue and 1 is red ? (GKwU
Urn G 6wU jvj,4wU bxj , 2wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` gv‡e©j Av‡Q| hw` ˆ`efv‡e 4wU
gv‡e©j †bqv nq 1wU meyR, 2wU bxj Ges 1 jvj nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-28]
13 24 11 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: b
35 455 15 13
Solution: Total number of marbles= = ( 6+4+2+3) = 15.

Probability = 2 4 6
C1  C2  C1 24
= 455 [‡h is‡qi hZwU gv‡e©j wb‡Z n‡e Zvi wn‡me K‡i me
15 4
C ¸Y Ki‡Z nq]
49. A basket contains 6 blue, 2 red, 4 green and 3 yellow balls. If four balls are picked up at
random, what is the probability that 2 are red and 2 are green ? (GKwU Szwo‡Z 6wU
bxj, 2wU jvj, 4wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` ej Av‡Q| hw` 4wU ej ˆ`efv‡e †bqv nq Zvn‡j 2wU jvj
2wU meyR ej nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-30]
(a) 4 5 1 2
(b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: d
15 27 3 455
Solution: Total number of balls = ( 6+4+2+3) = 15.
2
C 4 C 2
2 2
Probability of drawing 4 balls such that 2 are red and 2 are green. =
= 455
15
C 4
50. A bag contains 3 blue, 2 green and 5 red balls. If four balls are picked at random, what
is the probability that two are green and two are blue ?( GKwU e¨v‡M 3wU bxj, 2wU
meyR Ges 5wU jvj is‡qi ej i‡q‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e hw` 4wU ej ‡Zvjv nq Zvn‡j 2wU meyR Ges 2wU
bxj nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-45]
(a) 1 (b)
1
(c)
3
(d)
1
(e) None Ans: b
18 70 5 2
Solution: Total balls in the bag = 3 + 2 +5 = 10
10  9  8 
Total possible outcomes = Selection of 4 balls out of 10 balls = 10C4 = = 210
7
1 2  3 4
Favorable outcomes = ( selection of 2 green balls out of 2 balls)  ( selection of 2 balls out
of 3 blue balls) = 2C2  3C2 = 1  3 = 3.
Favorable out comes 1
 Required probability = = 3 [Gfv‡e †f‡½ †f‡½I Kiv hvq]
=
Total possible out comes 210 70.

51. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at random. The
probability that the selected students are 2 boys and 1 girl, is (GKwU K¬v‡m 15 evjK
Ges 10 evwjKv Av‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e 3 Rb‡K evQvB Kiv nj| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ 2Rb evjK Ges 1Rb evwjKv
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-37]
(a) 21 (b)
25
(c)
1
(d)
3
(e) None Ans: a
46 117 50 25
Solution:
Total number of students = 15+10 = 25
Probability of selecting 3 students such that 2 boys and 1 girls from 25 students
  15  14 
 10
= 15
C C 10  
21  21 [A‡bK K_v wj‡L eo Kivi †_‡K Gfv‡e KivB
=
1
2 1050
= = †eUvi]
25  24  23
25
C3 2300 46
321
At least one:
Av‡M eySzb, At least one A_© n‡jv AšÍZ 1wU ev me©wb œ 1 A_©vr ïay 0 ev‡` Zvi Dc‡ii
me msL¨v †bqv hv‡e|
52. A basket contains 4 red, 5 blue and 3 green marbles. If three marbles are picked up at
random what is the probability that at least one is blue? (GKwU Szwo‡Z 4wU jvj, 5wU
bxj Ges 3wU meyR ej Av‡Q| hw` ‰`efv‡e 3wU ej Zz‡j †bqv hvq Zvn‡j AšÍZ 1wU ej bxj
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-31]
(a) 7 (b)
37
(c)
5
(d)
7
(e) None Ans: b
12 44 12 44
Solution: (GLv‡b K‡qKwU welq
fv‡jvfv‡e ey‡S wbb) Total number of
marbles = ( 4+5+3) = 12.
Remember Total blue balls = 5 and total non blue balls = red+green = 4+3 = 7
Total number of ways to select 3 balls
1) all 3 are blue 2) 2blue and 1 other 3) 1 blue and 2 others 4) all 3 others/non blue
GLv‡b 4 fv‡e 3wU ej evQvB Kiv hvq| GLb cÖ‡kœi kZ© Abyhvqx cÖ_‡gi 3wU djvd‡ji
†hvMdj B Avvg‡`i DËi|
5 3
C
5
C2 7 C1 5
C1 7 C2 1 7 21 37
Probability = 12 3 + + 12 3 =   =
12 3 C 22 22 44 44
C C
Shortcut: Dc‡ii djvdj 4wUi me¸‡jvi DËi †ei Ki‡j ‡gvU djvdj = 1 Avm‡e| GLb Avgiv hw`
†k‡li djdjwUi DËi Av‡M †ei K‡i Zvici †mB 1 †_‡K we‡qvM K‡i ‡`B Zvn‡j Lye `ªæZ DËi
†ei n‡e|

Probability of selecting 3 non blue balls/ no balls are blue = 7

765 7
C3 = 12 1110 = 44
12

C3
myZivs Probability of selecting at least 1 blue ball = 1 - Probability of selecting 3 non blue
balls
7 37
1- = [cixÿvq memgq Gfv‡eB Ki‡eb, wKš‘ welqUv wKfv‡e Avm‡jv Zv †evSv‡bvi
44
Rb¨B GZ Av‡jv bv]
44
53. A box contains 20 electric bulbs, out of which 4 are defective. Two balls are chosen at
random from this box. The probability that at least one of them is defective, is (GKwU
e‡·i g‡a¨ 20wU ˆe`~¨wZK evj¦ Av‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 4wU bó | hw` ‰`efv‡e `ywU evj¦ †bqv hvq
Zvn‡j evj¦ `ywUi g‡a¨ AšÍZ GKwU bó nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ? ) [Sonali Bank-(Officer-Cash)-
2018]+[Aggarwal-36]
4 7 12 21
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: b
19 19 19 95
Solution:
`yfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hv‡e Zvi Av‡M evsjvq e¨vL¨vwU cob– |
 20wUi g‡a¨ 4wU bó| GLb ˆ`efv‡e 2wU wb‡Z †M‡j †h djvdj ¸‡jv Avm‡e
K. `ywUB bó L. GKwU bó
Ab¨wU fv‡jv (GLv‡b 1gwU bó 2qwU fv‡jv + 1gwU fv‡jv 2q wU bó) M.`ywUB
fv‡jv|
GLv‡b 3wU wfbœ wfbœ djvd‡ji g‡a¨ †`Lv hv‡”Q K Ges L Gi me¸‡jv‡Z AšÍZ GKwU
K‡i bó Av‡Q| Zvn‡j G¸‡jvi me¸‡jvB DËi| Avevi Avgiv hw` M b ^i djvdj A_©vr `ywU B
fv‡jv ‡ei Kwi Ges me¸‡jv djvdj †_‡K GB
`ywUB fv‡jv nevi djvdj ev` ‡`B Zvn‡j †h djvdj ¸‡jv Avm‡e †m¸‡jv‡Z AšÍZ GKwU bó _vK‡e|
 Here, Total bulbs = 20 defective bulbs = 4 so, non defective bulbs = 20- 4 = 16
total number of ways to select 2 bulbs from 20 bulbs = 20C2 ways.
2 defective bulbs can be chosen = 4C2 ways.
1 defective bulb can be chosen = 4C1 and 1 non defective bulb can be chosen = 16C1

Total number of ways of selecting at least 1 bulb is defective = 4

C2 4
CC1216
20
C + 20
C2
2
6
= 64 70 7
190  190  190 19
Alternative solution:
Total bulbs = 20 and defective = 4, So non defective bulbs = 20-4 = 16
16  15
Probability=
16 2 2 = 120 12 12 7
C =  at least 1 defective = 1 -


20 2 20  19 190 19 19 19
C
2
10 ‡m‡K‡Û Kivi Rb¨ 4 16  1 16 35 7 (2wU bó+1wU bó (1g wU
4     
Gfv‡e bó2qwU fv‡jv )
 
20  20 19  95 95 19

[civgk©: 2wUi ‡ewk wb‡Z n‡j ZLb gy‡L gy‡L Kw ^‡bkb Kiv KwVb nq weavq †k‡li
wbqgwU cÖ‡qvM Kiv KwVb n‡q hvq | ZvB ZLb m~Î w`‡q KivB †eUvi| Z‡e 2wU
evQvB Ki‡Z n‡j †k‡li GB wbqgwU A‡bK Kv‡R jvM‡e]

54. A Committee of 3 members is to be selected out of 3 men and 2 women. What is the
probability that the committee has at least 1 woman ? (3 Rb cyiæl Ges 2 Rb gwnjv †_‡K
3 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q GKwU KwgwU ev vB Kiv n‡e †hLv‡b Kgc‡ÿ 1 Rb gwnjv _vKvi m ¢vebv
KZ?) [Aggarwal-44]
(a) 1 (b)
9
(c)
1
(d)
9
(e) None Ans: d
10 20 20 10
Solution:
Total number of persons = ( 3 +2) = 5.
( 1 woman and 2 men) + ( 2 woman and 1 man)]
 2 C1 3 C2   2 C 3 C  6 3 9
2 1
Probability: =   5  =  =
 5C   C3  10 10 10
 3  
Confusion Clear: A‡b‡K fve‡Z cv‡ib 3RbB †Zv gwnjv n‡Z cvi‡Zv, n¨vu cvi‡Zv| wKš‘
GLv‡b me©‡gvU gwnjv B Av‡Q 2 Rb| ZvB my‡hvM _vKv m‡Ë¡I 3 Rb B gwnjv n‡e
bv, (4,5 Rb gwnjv _vK‡j †bqv †h‡Zv)
Alternative solution:
3
C3 1
Probability or selecting all 3 are men/ no one is women = 5

C3 10
 1 9
Probability or selecting at least one women = 1- =
10 10
55. An urn contains 6 red, 4 blue, 2 green and 3 yellow marbles. If 4 marbles are picked up
at random, what is the probability that at least one of them is blue?( GKwU cv‡Î 6wU jvj
4wU bxj, 2wU meyR Ges 3wU njy` gv‡e©j Av‡Q hw` 4wU gv‡e©j ˆ`efv‡e †bqv nq
Kgc‡ÿ GKwU bxj nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-32]
(a) 4 69 11 22
(b) (c) (e) None (d) Ans: b
15 91 15 91
Solution: (Av‡Mi AsKwUi mv‡_ wgj Av‡Q A‡bK ZvB wgwj‡q co–b)
Total number of marbles = ( 6+4+2+3) =15, where total blue marbles= 4 and non blue = 11
11
C4 = 11 10  9  8 = 22
Probability of selecting 4 non blue marbless/ no blue marbles = 15
C 4 15 14 13 12 91
22 69
Required probability of selecting at least 1 blue marbles = = 1  =
91 91
56. A basket contains 6 blue, 2 red, 4 green and 3 yellow balls. If 5 balls are picked up at
random, what is the probability that at least one is blue?( GKwU Szwo‡Z 6wU bxj ej,
2wU jvj ej, 4wU meyR ej Ges 3wU njy` ej Av‡Q| ˆ`efv‡e 5wU ej Zzj‡j Kgc‡ÿ 1wU ej bxj
nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-33]
137 18 9 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) None Ans: a
143 455 91 5
Solution:
Total number of balls = ( 6+4+2+3) = 15.
Total blue balls = 6 and total non blue balls = red+green+ yellow = 2+4+3 = 9
9
Probability of selecting 5 non blue balls/ no balls are blue = 15C5 = 9  8  7  6  5 = 6
C 5 15 14 13 12 143
11
Required probability of selecting at least 1 blue ball = 1 6 137
 143 = 143
At most one:
At most 4 A_©vr m‡ev©” 4wU Gfv‡e cÖ‡kœ _vK‡j eyS‡Z n‡e 4 Gi Dc‡i hvIqv
hv‡e bv| Zvn‡j 4 †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Kg‡Z _vK‡e, 3,2,1 Ges 0 I wb‡Z n‡e| KviY me¸‡jv djvdj
†hvM K‡i Avevi 1 n‡Z n‡e| myZivs KL‡bv At most 1 _vK‡j 1wU + 0wU I wb‡Z n‡e| 1 Gi
†_‡K eo n‡j Zv †bqv hv‡e bv|
mn‡R g‡b ivLyb, At most = maximum ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i Kg‡Z Kg‡Z + none ch©š|
57. There are 4 red balls, 5 white and 3 green balls in a basket. 3 balls are chosen at
random. What is the probability that there is at most 1 green ball? [affairscloud.com]
13 25
A. B. 48 D. None of these Ans: B
40 55 C. 68
9
Solution: Case 1: 0 green ball means all three red or white balls C3
12
C3
9
C2  C 1
3
Case 2: 1 green ball and two red or white balls
12
C3
9
C3
9
C C 3
by adding both cases we get 2 1 48
12
C3 + = 55
12
C3
Exactly :
At least n‡j me‡_‡K Kg †_‡K ïiæ K‡i hZ ‡ewk †bqv hvq Avevi At most n‡j me‡_‡K eo
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i hZ Kg Kiv hvq| wKš‘ exactly _vK‡j †Kvb Kg ‡ewk Kiv hv‡e bv A_©vr hZ ejv
_vK‡e ZZ B wb‡Z n‡e|
58. Four persons are chosen at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women and 4 children.
The chance that exactly 2 of them are children, is (3 Rb cyiæl 2Rb gwnjv Ges 4 Rb wkï Gi
GKwU
`j †_‡K 4 Rb‡K ˆ`efv‡e †bqv n‡j Exactly 2 Rb wkï nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-38]
1 1 1 10
(a) (b) (c) (d) Ans: d
9 5 12 21
Solution:
Total 3+2+4 = 9 children = 4 and not children = 9-4 = 5

Probability of taking exactly 2 children =

C2 5 C2 10
4

9 = 21
C2
[Note: 4 Rb wkï †_‡K 2 Rb wkï †bqvi ci ‡gvU 4 R‡bi `j c~Y© Ki‡Z Aci 5 Rb †_‡K 2 Rb
‡bqv n‡q‡Q]

If the box or bag are different:

g‡b ivLyb, 1wU e· †_‡K †bqvi m ¢vebv hv B †nvK, 2wU e· †_‡K ‡bqvi m ¢vebv †ei Ki‡Z
1 n‡j
1 Av‡M
1 mvaviY
1
wbq‡g DËi †ei Kivi ci w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e 3, 4 ev 5wU _vK‡j ev,

Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q hZ †ewk cvÎ †_‡K jUvix Kiv nq ev †bqv nq ZZ ‡RZvi m ¢vebv/ ej †bqvi m
¢vebv Kg‡Z _v‡K|

[welqUv Lye RwUj wKQz bv, wKš‘ GZ mnR welq¸‡jv Rvbv bv _vK‡j fzj n‡Z cv‡i|]

59. First bag contain 4 red and 3 black balls. Second bag contain 2 red and 4 black balls.
One bag is selected at random. From the selected bag, one ball is drawn. Find the
probability that the ball drawn is red.( GKwU e¨v‡M 4wU jvj ej Ges 3wU Kv‡jv ej Av‡Q|
Aci GKwU e¨v‡M 2wU jvj Ges 4wU Kv‡jv ej Av‡Q, cÖ_‡g GKwU e¨vM wbe©v b
Kiv n‡jv, Gici wbev©w Z e¨vMwU †_‡K 1wU ej
‰`efv‡e Zz‡j wb‡j Zv jvj nIqvi m ¢ebv KZ?)[doubtnut.com]+[Combined 4 Bank-(Officer)-
2019(Written)]
Solution:
Since there are two bags ‡evSvi Rb¨ weKí mnR wbqg :
1 cÖ_g e‡· 7wU‡Z 4wU Ges 2q e‡· 6wU‡Z 2wU jvj ZvB
So, probability of selecting a bag =
2 4  2  19 `ywU e· _vKvq = 19  1 = 19
Total balls in first bag = 4 + 3 = 7 7621 21242
4
Probability of selecting red ball =
7
The probability of choosing a red ball from first bag = 4 2
1  = [wbf©ikxj nIqvq ¸Y]
2 7 7
2
Again, Total balls in second bag = 2 + 4 = 6 Probability of selecting red ball =
6
The probability of choosing a red ball from second bag
= 1 2 1
 =
 2 6 6
Total probability = 1
2 [wfbœ `ywU e¨vM †_‡K †bqvq GKUvi Dci Ab¨wU wbf©ikxj bq GRb¨
12  7 19
†hvM] = =
7 6 42 42

60. Sahil has two bags (A & B) that contain green and blue balls.In the Bag ‘A’ there are 6
green and 8 blue balls and in the Bag ‘B’ there are 6 green and 6 blue balls. One ball is
drawn out from any of these two bags. What is the probability that the ball drawn is
blue? [affairscloud.com]
15 13 17
A. B. C. D. None of these Ans: A
28 28 28
Solution:Totalballs inA bag = 14, Total balls in B bag = 12
1 8 C1 2 1  C  1
6
2 1 15
A
= bag   = B bag  Total Probability = + =
=   1
=
2  14 C  7  12  7 4 28
 1 
2  C 1
 4

Equation related:
GB AsK¸‡jv Lye RwUj wKQz bv, wKš‘ di‡gU Uv Rvbv bv _vK‡j gv_v KvR Ki‡e bv| ZvB
GKUz n‡jI aviYv ivLyb|
61. A box contains 27 marbles some are blue and others are green. If a marble is drawn at
random from the box, the probability that it is blue is 1/3. Then how many number of
green marbles in the box? [affairscloud.com]
A.10 B.12 C. 18 D. None of these Ans: C
Solution:
Let number of blue marble – x
x 1 27
ATQ, C 1 =  x 1 x = = 9 green marbles = Total – Blue marble =27-9=18
27 3 27 = 3
C1
3

62. A bag contains some white and black balls. The probability of picking two white balls
one after other without replacement from that bag is 14/33. Then what will be the
probability of picking two black balls from that bag if bag can hold maximum 15 balls
only? (GKwU e¨v‡M wKQz mv`v Ges wKQz Kv‡jv ej Av‡Q| e¨vMwU‡Z m‡e©v” 15wU
ej _vK‡j, cÖwZ¯v’ cb bv K‡i e¨vM
†_‡K cici 2wU mv`v ej †Zvjvi m ¢vebv 14/33, `ywU Kv‡jv ej †Zvjvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [BSC
Combined SO (8 Banks & FIs)-2018 (Written)] + [Combined 5 Bank (AME-SO)-2019]
Solution:
Let, the number of white balls = x & the number of black balls = y
x
C2 14 14
ATQ, ( xy)
C2
x(x 1) 7
 (x  y)(x  y 1) = 2 [d¨v‡±wiqv‡ji Kvi‡Y 1 K‡i Kg‡e Avi ¸Y n‡e, ïay 2wU wb‡Z
n‡e]
11 3
Now multiplying by 4 to numerator and denominator we get,
x(x 1) (7  2)  8  7 [4 w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡j Dci 7, 8Ges wb‡ 12,11 `ywU ci ci
4
 = = msL¨v Av‡m]
(x  y)(x  y 1) (11 3)  4
12 11
 [4 ev‡` Av‡iv msL¨v w`‡q ¸Y Kiv †h‡Zv wKš‘ me©‡gvU e‡ji msL¨v †h‡bv 15 †_‡K ‡ewk bv nq ZvI
wn‡m‡e ivL‡Z n‡e]
[evgcv‡k Dc‡i (x(x-1) w`‡q †evSv‡”Q †h GKwU msL¨v I Zvi †_‡K 1 †QvU `ywU msL¨vi
¸Ydj, GKBfv‡e wb‡ I ]

So, White balls x = 8, and Total balls (x+y) = 12 So, Black balls y = 12 – 8 = 4
 4
C2 43 1 1
Probability of taking 2 black balls = = = Ans:
12
C2 12 11 11 11
 Fraction related:
63. In a class, 30% of the students offered English, 20% offered Hindi and 10% Offered
both. If a student is selected at random, what is the probability that he has offered
English or Hindi ?( GKwU †kÖYx‡Z 30% Qv·K Bs‡iwR, 20% †K wnw›` Ges 10% †K
DfqwU Offer Kiv nq| hw` GKRb QvÎ ˆ`efv‡e Select Kiv nq Zvi Bs‡iwR A_ev wnw›` nIqvi
m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-40]
(a) 2 (b)
3
(c)
3
(d)
3
Ans: a
5 5 4 10
Solution:
3 1
P(E) = 30 = , P(H) = 20 and P(EH) = 10 1
100 10 100 = 5 100= 10
3 1 1
P(E or H) = P(EH) = P(E) + P(H) – P(EH) =    = 4 2
 = 5
 10 5 10 10

64. A speaks truth in 75% cases and B in 80% of the cases. In what percentage of cases are
they likely to contradict each other, in narrating the same incident ? (A I B h_vµ‡g 75%
I 80% †ÿ‡Î mZ¨ K_v e‡j| ‡Kvb GKwU NUbvi eY©bvq Zviv `yRb ci®úiwe‡ivax gZvgZ
†`qvi m ¢ve¨bv KZ?) [Aggarwal-42]
(a) 5% (b) 15% (c) 35% (d) 45% Ans: c
Solution:
Let, A=Event that A speaks the truth
And B = Event that B speaks the truth, Then,
P(A) = 75 3 4 1 4 1
80 ,  P( A ) = 1  =  P( B ) 1 =
100 = , P(B) = 100 = 3
4 5 5 5
=
4 4
P(A and B contradict each other) [`yRb hLb wfbœ wfbœ K_v ej‡e ZLwb Zv‡`i g‡Zi wfbœZv
†`Lv hv‡e]
P[(A speaks the truth and B tells a lie)or
3 (A1 tells
 a1lie 4and
 B speaks
3 the truth)]
= {P(A)  P( B )} +{ P( A )+P(B)} =    = 1 7
    =
 4 5   4 5   5  20
20
7 
Required % =
 100  % = 35%
 20 
65. A speaks truth in 60% cases and B speaks truth in 70% cases. The probability that they
will say the same thing while describing a single event, is – (A Gi mZ¨ K_v ejvi nvi 60%
Ges B Gi mZ¨ K_v ejvi nvi 70%| GKwU NUbv eY©bvq Zviv GKB gZvgZ ‡`qvi m ¢vebv
KZ?) [Aggarwal-43]
(a) 0.54 (b) 0.56 (c) 0.68 (d) 0.94 Ans: a
Solution:
 Let, A =Event that A speaks the truth
And B = Event that B speaks the truth, Then,
60 3 3 2 70 7 7 3
P(A) = = ,  P( A ) = 1  = again, P(B) = =  P( B ) = 1  =
100 5 5 5 100 10 10 10
P(A and B say the same thing)
P[(A speaks the truth and B speaks the
 3truth)
7  or(A
2 tells
3  a lie and B tells a 27
lie )]
{ P(A) P(B) }+{ P( A ) P( B )} =  +   21 6  = 0.54
=   =


 5 10   5 10   50  50
 50

66. A man and his wife appear in a interview for two vacancies in the same post. The

probability of husband selection is 1 and the probability of wife’s selection is 1 . What

7 5
is the probability that only one of them is selected ? (GK e¨w³ Ges Zuvi ¯¿x mggh©v`vi
`ywU k~b¨ c‡`i
1
Rb¨ mvÿvrKvi w`‡jb| H e¨w³i wbe©vw Z nIqvi m ¢vebv Avevi Zuvi ¯¿xi wbe©vw Z
1
nIqvi m ¢ve¨bv | Zv‡`i g‡a¨
7 5
ïay 1 R‡bi wbe©vw Z nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Aggarwal-41]
(a) 4 (b)
2
(c)
4
(d)
Ans: b
8
5 7 7 15
Solution:
Let, A = Event that the husband is selected and B = Event that hte wife is selected. Then,
P(A) = 1 1 6 1 1 4
So, P( A ) = 1  = again, P(B) =  P( B ) = 1  =
7 7 7 5 5 5
 Required probability = P[(A and not B) or (B and not A)] [GB jvBbUv ˆZix KivB me‡_‡K
¸iæZ¡c~Y©] 1 4 1 6 4
= { P(A) P( B ) } + { P(B)  P( A ) }=  +  =  6  10 2
=


    


=


 7 5   5 7   35 35  35 7
Othters problem:
67. An apartment has 8 floors. An elevator starts with 4 passengers and stops at 8 floors of
the apartment. What is the probability that all passengers travels to different floors?
[affairscloud.com]
109 105
A. B. 135 D. None of these Ans: C
256 256 C. 256
Solution:
Total outcomes = 8888
Favourable outcomes = 8765 (first person having 8 choices, after that second person have
7 choices and so on) So, probability = 8  7  6  5 105
= 256
888
8
68. Dev can hit a target 3 times in 6 shorts Pawan can hit the target two times in 6 shorts
and Lakhan can hit the target 4 times in 4 shorts. What is the probability that at least 2
shorts hit the target ? (‡`e 6wU k‡Ui g‡a¨ 3 evi, cvIqvb 6wU k‡Ui g‡a¨ 2 evi, jvLvb 4wU
k‡Ui g‡a¨ 4 eviB j‡ÿ¨ wnU Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv GKmv‡_ ¸wj Qzo‡j Kgc‡ÿ `ywU kU jÿ¨‡f` Kivi
 m ¢ve¨Zv KZ)[Aggarwal-46]
(a) 2 1 1
(b) (c) (d) None Ans: a
3 3 2
Solution: Probability of hitting the target . Dev can hit target 3 1
 =
6 3
4
Lakhan can hit target = = 1 Pawan can hit target = 2 1
4 6 = 3
Required probability that at least 2 short hit target 1 1 1
1 2 1 1 1 1 = + + = 4 2
=  +  +  =
     


2 3 2 3 2 3 3 6 6 6 3
  
69. A bag contains 10 mangoes out of which 4 are taken out together. If one of them is
found to be good, the probability that other is also good is? ( GKwU e¨v‡M 10wU Av‡gi
g‡a¨ 4wU bó| hw` GKwU fv‡jv nq Zvn‡j Ab¨wUI fv‡jv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) [Examveda.com]
+[Aggarwal-47]
1 8 5 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans: a
3 15 18 3
Solution: (GLv‡b GKwU fv‡jv n‡j Ab¨wUI fv‡jv K_vwUi A_© n‡”Q `ywU
B fv‡jv)
Out of 10 mangoes, 4 mangoes are rotten Shortcut: 1g wU fv‡jv nIqvi m ¢vebv
6! 6! 6 10 ,2qwUI
6 fv‡jv nIqvi m ¢vebv5 9
6
C 2 = 2!(6  2) = 2! 5 65 1
10! 4! = 10  9 = 3
10 2 = 1  2 myZivs GK‡Î m ¢vebv = 6  5 = 1
C
2!(10 10! 10 
9 1093
 2) 2!
8! 1 2

70. An article manufactured by a company consists of two parts A and B. In the process of
manufacture of part A, 9 out of 100 are likely to be defective. Similarly, 5 out of 100 are
likely to be defective in the process of manufacture of part B. The probability that the
assembled part will not be defective is? (GKwU ‡Kv úvbx A I B `ywU As‡ki mgš^‡q
GKwU `ªe¨ ˆZix Ki‡jv | †hLv‡b A As‡ki ˆZix Kiv 100wU c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ 9wU bó Ges GKBfv‡e
B As‡ki 100wU c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ 5wU bó| GLb `ywU Ask A Ges B Gi mgš^‡q ˆZix Kiv `ªe¨wUi
bó bv nIqvi m ¢vebv KZ?) Combined 5Banks (Off- Cash)-2019(Written)]+ [competoid.com]
Solution: (mivmwi `y‡UvB defective bq DËi †ei Kiv|)
In, Part A, defective = 9 So, not defective = 100-9 = 91
In, Part B, defective = 5 So, not defective = 100-5 = 95
Now, following results are possible
A. Both are defective,
B. First one is defective but 2nd one is not defective
C. First one is not defective but 2nd one is defective
D. Both are not defective
Since A,B and C holds at least 1 defective but D holds no defective So D is acceptable here
Therefore required probability = 95 8645
91 = = 0.8645 Ans: 0.8645

100 100 10000
e¨vL¨v: Dc‡ii A,B,C Ges D djvd‡ji g‡a¨ ïay D ‡Z †Kvb bó Dcv`vb bv _vKvq D B DËi n‡e|
 A Ask bó bv nIqvi m 91 95
¢vebv = Avevi B Ask bó bv nIqvi m ¢vebv =
100 100
GLb A I B `y‡UvB bó bv nIqvi m 91 95 8645
¢vebv = = 
= = 0.8645
100 100 10000

Alternative Solution:[AšÍZ 1wU defective †ei K‡i 1 †_‡K we‡qvM w`‡q †KvbwUB defective
bq †ei Kiv] ]
Av‡Mi mgvav‡bi K¬z¸‡jv †_‡K A,B Ges C Gi GK‡Î DËi n‡jv,
9 5
Probability of at least 1 defective =  + 9 95 91 5 271
+ 100  100= 2000
100 100 100 100

Therefore, Probability of non-defective article ( GKUv I bó †bB †hLv‡b)

= 1− 271 1729 = 0.8645 [`kwgK †ei bv K‡i fMœvsk †i‡L w`‡jI n‡e][GLv‡b, 1 –
2000 =
(A+B+C) = D]
2000

71. A bag contains 5 red and 7 white balls. Four balls are drawn out one by one and not
replaced. What is the probability that they are alternatively of different colours?
[affairscloud.com]
7 11 14
A. B. C. D. None of these Ans: C
99 99 99
Solution: Gfv‡e ejv _vK‡j wmKz‡qÝ †gBb‡UBb Ki‡Z n‡e| [AsKUv †`‡L wb‡qb
GKevi]
Balls are picked in two manners – RWRW or WRWR
 5   7   4   6   7   5   6   4  14
So probability =                  =  
 12   11  10  9  12  11  10  9  99
     
72. From a pack of 52 cards, 2 cards are drawn at random. What is the probability of
drawing such that there is at least 1 king? [affairscloud.com]
35 33
A. B. 33 D. None of these Ans: C
25 220 C. 221
Solution: (1 king4 1 other
48
) or (all 2 is king) 4
C  C C 33
2
Case 1: 1 is king 1 1
Case 2: both are king Adding both cases.we get =
52
C2 52
C2 221

73. A committee of five persons is to be chosen from a group of 10 people. The probability
that a certain married couple will either serve together or not at all is? [affairscloud.com]
51 52
A. B. 54 D. None of these Ans: A
126 199 C. 195
Solution:
Five persons is to be chosen from a group of 10 people = 10C5 = 252
Couple Serve together = 8C3  2C2 = 56
Couple does not serve together = 8C5 = 56 Probability 56 56 102 51
=  = 252 =
252 252 126
74. A box has 5 black and 3 green shirts. one shirt is picked randomly and put in another
box. the second box has 3 black and 5 green shirts. Now a shirt is picked from second
 box. what is the probability of it being black? [careerride.com]
Solution: (cÖkœ mnR wKš‘ GKUz †jRyo _vK‡j weåvšÍ nIqv hv‡e bv)
Case 1 = 5 1
5 4 20 [Black & Black] and Case 2 = 3 3 [Green & Black]
 = =  =
8 9 72 18 8 9 8
Case 1 probability + Case 2 probability = total probability. So, ans is 5 1 20  9 29
18+ 8 = 72 = 72
e¨vL¨v: cÖ_g e· †_‡K 1 wU Zz‡j wb‡j Zv Kv‡jv nIqvi m ¢vebv = 5/8 Gici †mB Kv‡jv ejwU 2q
e‡· †M‡j Kv‡jv ej 1wU evo‡e Ges †gvU ejI GKwU †e‡o Gevi 2q e· mn Kv‡jv ej †bqvi m ¢vebv
= 4/9 ¸Y| wKš‘ cÖ_g ejwU meyR n‡j 3/8 Gici meyR ejwU 2q e‡· ivL‡j Zv‡Z †gvU ej 8+1 =
9wU| wKš‘ †h‡nZz Kv‡jv e‡ji m ¢vebv †ei Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q ZvB Kv‡jv ej Av‡Mi 3wU Av‡Q| ¸Y
n‡e 3/8 3/9 |
75. What are the chances that no two boys are sitting together for a photograph if there are
5 girls and 2 boys? [careerride.com]
1 4 2 5
a. b. c. d. Ans: d
21 7 7 7
Solution: GiKg cÖkœ¸‡jv web¨v‡mi GKmv‡_ ivLv bv ivLvi cÖkœ¸‡jvi gZ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
7 Rb‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e †gvU emv‡bvi Dcvq = 7! = 5040
2 Rb evjK‡K 1 Rb a‡i †gvU emv‡bv hv‡e 6!2! = 7202 = 1440 fv‡e| 3600 5
=
Zvn‡j GK‡Î bv emv‡bvi Dcvq = 5040-1440 = 3600 myZivs GKmv‡_ bv 5040 7
emvi m ¢vebv: =
76. From a group of 3 men, 4 women and 2 children, 4 people are to be chosen to form a
committee. What is the probability that the committee contains 1 each of men, women
and children? [affairscloud.com]
4 12 4
A. B. C. D. None of these Ans: B
15 21 19
Solution: ( wb‡Z n‡e 4 Rb wKš‘ †jvK Av‡Q 3 MÖæ‡ci Zvn‡j 1 MÖæc †_‡K 1Rb †ewk
wb‡Z n‡e| †Kvb MÖæc †_‡K? GUv wZbfv‡eB †bqv hvq ZvB wb‡ i wZbwU Dcvq †`Lyb)
3 C 4 C 2 C
4
Case 1: Prob. when 2 men, 1 woman and 1 child 2 1 1
=
9
C4 21
3 C 4 C 2 C
2
Case 2: Prob. when 1 man, 2 women and 1 child 1 2 1
= 7
9 C
4
3 C 4 C 2 C
2
1 1 2
Case 3: Prob. when 1 man, 1 woman & 2 children= =
9
C4 21
So, probability
= 4 2 2 12
+ + =
21 7 21 21
Confused? about multiplying and adding: [Here is your answer]
And _vK‡j ¸Y Avi Or _vK‡j †hvM nq| wKš‘ ïay GZUzKz e‡jB †Q‡o w`‡j Avcwb And Gi
RvqMvq or w`‡q ¸Y Kivi welqwU †hvM K‡i hyw³ †`Lv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB welqUv
Av‡iv wWcwj †f‡e wK¬qvi Kivi Rb¨ Gfv‡e fveyb|
me©‡kl cÖkœwU‡ZB †`Lyb, wb‡Z n‡e 4 Rb, GLb 4 Rb †bqvi AvM ch©šÍ 3, 2, 1 Rb
wb‡q Avjv`v K‡i hZ¸‡jv evQvB n‡e me¸‡jv ¸Y n‡e 4 Rb c~Y© nIqv ch©šÍ | wKš‘ 4 Rb
evQvB Kivi wKQz Dcvq †ei Kivi ci Ab¨fv‡e Av‡iv 4 Rb‡K evQvB Kiv hvq ZLb GB `yB
evQvB‡qi DËi¸‡jv †hvM n‡e|
==================================
 Practice Part
From Important websites

1. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting a multiple of 2 on one
dice and multiple of 3 on the other dice.
10 11 11
A. B. C. D. None
28 38 36
2. Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a prime number is
5 7 6
A. B. C. D. None
12 12 11
3. From a pack of 52 cards, 2 cards are drawn at random. What is the probability that both cards
are black card or heart card?
31 1
A. B. 21 D. None
102 73 C. 5
4. A basket contains 5 red 4 blue 3 green marbles. If two marbles picked up random, What is the
probability that both are red?
4 5 7
A. B. C. D. None
33 33 33
5. A basket contains 6 White 4 Black 2 Pink and 3 Green balls.If two balls are picked at
random, what is the probability that either both are Pink or both are Green?
2 4 8
A. B. C. D. None
105 105 137

6. A basket contains 5 red 4 blue 3 green marbles. If three marbles picked up random, What is
the probability that either all are green or all are red?
1 7 3
A. B. C. D. None of these
20 20 20
7. A bag contain 2 red, 3 blue and 6 green plates. One plate is taken up randomly. What is the
probability that it is neither red nor green ?
3 2 7
A. B. C. D. None
11 11 11
8. A bag contains 2 red caps, 4 blue caps, 3 yellow caps and 5 green caps. If three caps are
picked at random, what is the probability that none is green?
2 3 1
A. B. C. D. None
13 13 13
9. There are 4 black balls and 6 white balls. 2 balls are drawn one by one without replacement.
What is the probability that the balls are same in color?
9 8 7
A. B. C. D. None
21 17 15
10. A basket contains 6 White 4 Black 2 Pink and 3 Green balls. If three balls picked up random,
What is the probability that all three are White?
5 4 8
A. B. C. D. None
93 91 92
11. A bag contains 3 red balls and 8 blacks ball and another bag contains 5 red balls and 7 blacks
balls, one ball is drawn at random from either of the bag, find the probability that the ball is
red.
93 91
A. B. 95 D. None
264 264 C. 264
12. An urn contains 6 maroon, 3 pink and 4 white balls. If three balls are drawn What is the
probability that all are pink or white?
11 7 5
A. B. C. D. None
328 212 286
13. Three Bananas and three oranges are kept in a box. If two fruits are chosen at random, Find
the probability that one is Banana and another one is orange?
1
A. B. 3 C. 4 D. None
5 5 5
14. A basket contains 6 White 4 Black 2 Pink and 3 Green balls. If three balls are picked at
random, what is the probability that two are Black and one is Green?
22 18
A. B. 15 D. None
355 381 C. 455
15. A bag contains 5 red caps, 4 blue caps, 3 yellow caps and 2 green caps.If three caps are
picked at random, what is the probability that two are red and one is green?
22 15 5
A. B. C. D. None
55 81 91
16. A bag contains 5 red caps, 4 blue caps, 3 yellow caps and 2 green caps. If four caps are
picked at random, what is the probability that two are red, one is blue and one is green?
22 21
A. B. 80 D. None
1001 1001 C. 1001
17. Out of 14 applicants for a job, there are 6 women and 8 men. It is desired to select 2 persons
for the job. The probability that at least one of selected persons will be a Woman is?
77 45
A. B. 54 D. None
91 91 C. 91
18. A basket contains 6 White 4 Black 2 Pink and 3 Green balls. If four balls are picked at
random, what is the probability that at least one is Black?
69 21
A. B. 80 D. None
91 91 C. 91
19. A bag contains 4 pink shirts, 5 red shirts and 3 yellow shirts. 3 dresses are drawn randomly.
What is the probability that exactly one of them is pink ?
65 25
A. B. 56 D. None
104 110 C. 110
20. 12 persons are seated at a circular table. Find the probability that 3 particular persons always
seated together.
9 7 3
A. B. C. D. None
55 55 55
21. A 4- digit number is formed by the digits 0, 1, 2, 5 and 8 without repetition. Find the
probability that the number is divisible by 5.
1
A. B. 2 C. 3 D. None
5 5 5

22. In a race of 12 cars, the probability that car A will win is 1/5 and of car B is 1/6 and that of
car C is 1/3. Find the probability that only one of them won the race.
2 7 9
A. B. C. D. None
7 10 10

23. The probability that the problem will be solved by three persons are 1/2, 1/3 and 1/6. Find the
probability that the problem is solved ?
A. 11/18 B. 13/18 C. 15/18 D. None

24. An elevator starts with 4 passenger and stops at 7 floors of an apartment. Find the probability
that all 4 passengers travel to different floor ?
110 120 18
A. B. C. D. None
343 343 49

25. The ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys is the 5 : 2 in a class of 21 students. A
group of three students is to be selected at random amongst them. What is the probability that
the selected group of students contain one boy and two girls?
45 120
A. B. 32 D. None
266 343 C. 217
==================================
Only Answers:
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10 B
11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20 C
21. B 22. B 23 B 24 B 25 A

 gv‡K©‡U, MwY‡Zi Dc‡i †jLv Av‡iv A‡bK eB cv‡eb, wKš‘ av‡c

av‡c jwRK †W‡fjf K‡i g¨v_ wb‡q wb‡R wb‡R fve‡Z †kLvi gZ K‡i
†jLv eB co‡Z PvB‡j Avgv‡`i eB¸‡jv Aek¨B ‡`L‡Z n‡e| Zzjbv K‡i
†`Lvi civgk© iB‡jv|
 Solution & Explanations:
1. Solution: n(S) = 36
11
n(E) = (2,3),(2,6),(4,3),(4,6),(6,3),(6,6),(3,2),(6,2),(3,4),(6,4),(3,6) = 11 P =
36
2. Solution: n(S) = 6  6 = 36
E = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 3),
15 5
(5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5) = 15 n(E) = 15 P = =
36 12
13
3. Solution: Prob. of black card: 26 C 3
C2 25 Prob. of heart card: 2
= of
= 102 52
52 C2 51
C2

by adding both total probability 25 3 31

102+ 51 = 102
5 C2 5
4. Solution: Total Marbles = 12, Probability = 12 =
C2 33
2
C 3
C 2 3  1 1 13 4
2
5. Solution: Probability = 2
+ 2
=  =   =
15
C2 15
C2 15  15  105 35 105 105
14 14
6. Solution: Total Marbles = 12, Either all are green or all are red = 5 C 3 + 3 C 3

Probability = 5
C3 3 C3
= 11 = 1
12
C3 220 20
3
7. Solution: n(S) = 2+3+6 = 11 n(E) = 3 P=
11
9
8. Solution: Total caps = 14 Probability C3 3
= =
14
C3 13
9. Solution:
When both black, probability. 4 3 6 5
 When both white, probability. = 
=  4 3   6 10 5  912 10 9
Add both cases. =  +  = + 30 12  30 42 7
   = = =
 10 9 90 90 90 90 15
 C
 6 4 6 5 4 4
 10 9 3

10. Solution: 
Total Balls = 15 Probability 15 = [Shortcut:   = ]
= C 3 91 15 14 13 91
11. Solution:
Probability = probability of selecting the bag and probability of selecting red ball
 1   3   1   5  91
    +    =
 2  11  2  12 264
4 C
1 4 5
    C3 
3 3

12. Solution: Probability = 13 C

=  =
13
C 286 286 286
3 3
13. Total probability = 6 C 2 = 15
Probability that one is Banana & another is orange = 3 C  3 C = 9 Probability = 9 3
1 1 =
15 5
4 C 2 3 C1 18
14. Solution: Total Balls = 15 Probability = =
15
C3 455
5 C2 2 C1 5
15. Solution: Total caps = 14 Probability =
=
14
C3 91
5 4 2
C 2  C1  C1 80
16. Solution: (wZbUv _vK‡jI wbqg GKB) Total caps = 14 Probability =
= 14
C 1001
4
14
17. Solution: Total ways to select 2 out of 14 = C 2 = 91
28 4
8
Way of selecting 2 men C2= 28 probability of selecting 2 men = 
91 13
4 9
So, ways of selecting at least 1 woman = 1- = [2RbB cyiæl bv n‡j AšÍZ 1 Rb gwnjv
13
_vK‡e]
13
[Shortcut: Both are men 4 9
= 8 7 4 So, at least 1 women =1- = ]
 
14 13 13 13 13
11 C4
22 22 69
18. Solution:Total Balls = 15, P. of no black = = At least 1is black = 1 – =
15
C4 91 91 91
19. Solution:Total ways = 12 C = 220, favorable= 4 C 8 C
=112 Probability 112 = 56
=
3 1 2
220 110
20. Solution:Total probability = (12-1)! = 11! Prob: = (10 – 1)! = 9! So,P = (9! 3!) 3
11! = 55
21. Solution: Total possibility = 5432
Favourable outcomes = 2432 (to be divisible by 5 unit digit can be filled with only 0 or 5,
so only two possibilities are there, then the remaining can be filled in 4, 3 and 2 ways
2
respectively) so probability =
5
22. Solution: 1 1 1 7
+ + = (all events are mutually exclusive)
5 6 3 10
23. Solution: 1 - 1 2 5 13
2  3  6 = 18
24. Solution: Total number of outcomes = 7777
(7  6  5  4) 120
Favourable outcome = 7654 P = =
777 343
25. Solution: 7
21
5:2 = 15+6 = 21 (AbycvZ †`‡L fq bv †L‡q Gfv‡e msL¨v †ei Ki‡Z n‡e) n(S) = C 3 = 1330
(‡gvU dj)
n(E) = 15 C × 6 C = 15 × 15 = 225 P =
225 45
1 2 
1330 266