GST JU RU Suggestion Batch

LAMBDA
Exceptional & Dependable Suggestion of Physics
Part-01 (Graph)
Concept: Differentiation
c`v_© weÁv‡bi K¨vjKzjv‡mi eënvi I ¸iæZ¡
NbZ¡ ‡hvMRxKiY fi
eµ‡iLv I †iLvi mgxKiY ‡hvMRxKiY H †iLv ¸‡jv Øviv Ave× †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
Ae¯vb †f±i GKevi AšÍixKiY ‡eM
`yBevi AšÍixKiY Z¡iY
wefe AšÍixKiY cÖvej¨
01. GKwU MwZkxj KYvi †Kvb mij‡iLvq t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s = 63t – 6t2-t3 Øviv cÖKvwkZ n‡j
i) 2 †m‡KÛ c‡i KYvwUi †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q Ki? Ans : 27ms 1,24ms 2
= 60–12t – = 2sc ci †eM = 63–122–3 =
= = –12 –6t
 2sce ciZ¡iv = –12–62 =
ii)KZÿY ci KYvwU †_‡g hv‡e?
e¯‧wU †_‡g †M‡j v = 0 , 63–12t–  3sec
iii)_vgvi c~‡e© KZUzKz `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e?
–
 ^ ^
02. r  4t i  3t j GLv‡b t n‡‪Q mgq| 2 s ci e¯‧wUi †eM ?

2
^ ^ ^ ^
Sol n : V  4 i  6t j  4 i 12 j  4  12  160 √
2 2
= 4√
1 2
03. GKwU MwZkxj e¯‧ wb‡¤§v³ myÎ †g‡b P‡j| x  t  16t  3 GLv‡b x miY Ges t mgq wb‡`©k K‡i |
3
i) 3s ci †eM Gi gvb KZ? ii) KZÿY ci e¯ÍywU w¯i n‡e? iii)e¯‧wUi Z¡iY KZ?
Solve:
,3s ci †eM Gi gvb
ii)e¯ÍywU w¯i n‡j v=0 ev, ev, t=24 s
iii)

04. GKwU e¯‧i Ae¯vb †f±i y  2 sin 3tî  2 cos 3tĵ  8tk̂ †hLv‡b t n‡‪Q †m‡KÛ| t  0 mg‡qi e¯‧wUi †e‡Mi gvb-
( ̂ ̂ ̂) ̂ ̂ ̂
t  0 mg‡qi e¯‧wUi †e‡Mi gvb= ̂ √
05. GKwU e¯‧i †eM 8s  G (4î  2 ĵ)ms n‡Z e„w× †c‡q (12î  4 ĵ)ms nj| Mo Z¡iY wbY©q Ki| Ans.1.25ms 2
1 1
06. GKwU MwZkxj e¯‧i `~iZ¡ x Gi m‡½ mgq t Gi m¤úK© n‡‪Q x = 1.4t2 + 0.15t3 m| 5.0 s mg‡q e¯‧wUi ZvrÿwYK `ªæwZ KZ?
dx
Soln: v = = 2.8t + 0.45t2 = 2.8  5 + 0.45  52 = 25.25 ms–1 Ans.
dt
07. hw` Zwor †¶‡Îi cÖvej¨ + x A¶ eivei wµqv K‡i Ges Gi gvb E = cx2 nq, †hLv‡b c = aªæeK, Z‡e Zwor wefe V=?
Ans: cx3/3
08. GKwU PvKvi t †m‡K‡Û †K․wYK miY,  = ( 0 t + 4t2) rad. PvKvwUi †K․wYK Z¡i‡Yi Rb¨ ivwkgvjv wbY©q Ki|
d d
Soln: †K․wYK †eM, = =( 0  8t )rads-1; †K․wYK Z¡iY,  = = 8 rads–2 Ans.
dt dt
PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 1 -

LAMBDA
c`v_©weÁv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvÎv mgxKiY

KvR : ÿgZv : kw³ :
fi‡eM : gnvKlx©q cÖvej¨ : ej :
gnvKlx©q aªæeK : e‡ji NvZ : gnvKlx©q wefe:
‡K․wYK †eM : w¯wZ¯vcK ¸Yv¼ : ‡K․wYK Z¡iY :
c„ô-Uvb : ‡K․wYK fi‡eM : mv›`ªZv ¸Yv¼ :
PµMwZi e¨vmva© : cxob : RoZvi åvgK :
c„ô-kw³ : UK© : av°v :
Ø‡›ì åvgK : e‡ji åvgK :
†h mKj ivwk GKB RvZxq `ywU ivwki AbycvZ Zv‡ì gvÎv ev GKK bvB|‡hgbt Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡,Kg© `¶Zv,cqm‡bi AbycvZ, weK…wZ
Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv, WvB B‡jw±ªK aªyeK BZ¨vw`
†h mKj ivwki gvÎv I GKK GKBtcxob I Pvc I w¯wZ¯vcKZvi ¸Yv¼; c„ôUvb I c„ôkw³;KvR ,kw³ I e‡ji åvgK I UK©;†eM I
`ªywZ,IRb I ej ; K¤cv¼ I Ae¶q aªƒeK
GKB c`v‡_©i Av‡cw¶K †iva ,cqm‡bi AbycvZ,w¯wZ¯vcKZvi ¸Yv¼ ,Av‡cw¶K ¸i Z¡,‡iv‡ai D®§Zvi ¸Yv¼ Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv |
01. hw` A=BnCm Ges A, B I C Gi gvÎv h_vµ‡g, LT, L2T–1 Ges LT2 nq Z‡e n I m Gi gvb n‡e Ans: 1/5, 3/5
02. y=A sin (ωt-kx) mgxKibwU‡Z ω-Gi gvÎv nj- M 0 L0T 1
03. wb‡Pi wgwkÖZ GKK ¸wji g‡a¨ †KvbwU IqvU Gi mgZzj¨ bq?
Soln: IqvU Gi mgZzj¨ GKK : Joul/sec , Amp×Volt , Amp2× , Volt2/ Ans.
Concept:03
‡h mKj m~‡Î sin  I cos  Av‡Q, sin  I cos  Gi gvb m‡e©v‪P n‡j ivwkwUi gvb m‡e©v‪P n‡eGes sin  I cos  Gi gvb
me©wb¤œ n‡j ivwkwUi gvb mewb¤œ n‡e|
, m‡ev©‪P gvb = 1, me©wb¤œ gvb = -1
, m‡ev©‪P gvb = 1, me©wb¤œ gvb = 0
Explanation:
W = FS cos
Wmax n‡e hLb =1 =00 [ GKB w`‡K]
Wmin n‡e hLb = -1 =1800 [wecixZ w`‡K]
0
W=0 n‡e hLb = 0, =90 [j¤^ ievei] †K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv, mgwefe Z‡j, F =S=0 n‡j W =0 nq
Wpositive n‡e hLb 0    900
0
Wnegative = n‡e hLb 900    1800
1kwh = 3.6  106 J ,CGS c×wZ‡Z Kv‡Ri GKK erg, erg †QvU GKK l erg = 10–7J 1 ev=1.6
gš‭e¨t e„Ëc‡_ Nyi‡j ev †K›`ªgyLx ej Øviv K…ZKvR k~Y¨ |m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K c„w_exi N~Y©‡b K…ZKvR k~Y¨ |
01:50 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K 50ms-1 †e‡M 10m e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ 10min a‡i Nyiv‡bv n‡‪Q| K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvb KZ?
Ans: 0 Joule
Concept: 04
up  up , down  down ;
Dc‡i DV‡j Z¡iY evo‡e, wb‡P bvg‡j Z¡iY Kg‡e|
‡ÿÎ Z¡iY ‡g‡S KZ…K Uvb ej ‡g‡S ¯úk© Kivi mgq
wjdU a Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡j g+a T=m(g+a) 2h

t
ga
wjdU a Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡j g-a T=m(g-a) 2h
t
ga
wjdU g Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡j g+g=2g T=2mg=2w=2×e¯‧i IRb
wjdU g Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡j g-g=0 T=m×0=0
¯— /mg‡e‡M Da©gyLx /wbæMvgx wjdU g+0=g
wjdU a(a>g)Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡j g-a=negative,
EaŸ©gyLx Z¡iY jvf
Ki‡e, gv_v wjdU Gi
Qvu‡` wM‡q ej cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡e ,G NUbv‡K
super
LAMBDA
weightlessness
ev AwZ IRb nxbZv
e‡j|
c¨vivïU Gi f‚wg ¯ú‡k©i mgq Zvi Z¡iY n‡jv t
¯vb I D‪PZv †f‡` AwfKl©R Z¡iY Z_v IR‡bi cwieZ©b nq |f‡ii †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv | 50 †KwR †jvnvi I 50 †KwR Zzjv `ywUiB IRb mgvb |`ywUB
mgvb fvix |
2
01. GKwU wjdU 2ms Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡Q| wjd‡Ui †g‡Si 1m Dc‡i †_‡K 5kg f‡ii GKwU ej‡K w¯ive¯v n‡Z †d‡j †`qv nj|
i e¯‧wUi Dci wjd‡Ui †g‡S KZ…©K cÖhy³ ej KZ? Solve:i) ( (
ii  †g‡S ¯úk© Ki‡Z e¯‧wUi KZ mgq jvM‡e? Solve:ii) √ √

03. iwki mvnv‡h¨ 2 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K 1 ms–2 Z¡i‡Y Uvbv n‡‪Q| iwki Uvb KZ? Ans: 21.6 N Ans.
04 : GKwU †c‡i‡Ki Dci GKwU 1kg f‡ii nvZzwo Øviv Z¡i‡Y
i. j¤^v eivei Dci w`‡K AvNvZ Kiv n‡‪Q| †c‡i‡K cÖhy³ej wbY©q Ki | ii. j¤^ eivei wb‡Pi w`‡K
iii. AbyfywgK eivei AvNvZ Kiv n‡‪Q
05. 20 kg f‡ii GKwU cvwb fwZ© evjwZ‡K 10m e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU iwk‡Z †e‡a e„ËvKvi c‡_ Nyiv‡bv n‡‪Q|
(i) me©wb¤œ KZ †e‡M Nyiv‡j evjwZ n‡Z †Kvb cvwb co‡e bv| (ii) 7ms-1 ‡e‡M Nyiv‡j evjwZ n‡Z cvwb co‡e wK?
(iii) 12ms-1 ‡e‡M Nyiv‡j evjwZ n‡Z cvwb co‡e wK? (iv) 12ms-1 ‡e‡M Nyiv‡j m‡e©v‪P we›`y‡Z Av½y‡j Uvb ej KZ?
-1
(v) 12ms ‡e‡M Nyiv‡j me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z Av½y‡j Uvb ej KZ?
(vi)12ms-1 ‡e‡M Nyiv‡j e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ GK †j‡f†j _vK‡j Avs¸‡j Uvb KZ?
(vii)cÖwZ wgwb‡U KZevi †Nviv‡j evjwZ †_‡K †Kvb cvwb co‡e bv| (viii)evjwZ †_‡K †Kvb cvwb bv co‡j evjwZi †K․wYK‡eM
L
T  2 e‡ei fi Ges we¯Ívi Gi Dci wbf©ekxj bq|
g
‡K․wbK we¯Ívi 40 A‡cÿv †ewk n‡j G m~Î ¸‡jv cª‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|
Sample MCQ
01. GKwU Av`k© w¯úªs-Gi †kl cÖv‡šÍ Szjv‡bv GKwU fi T ch©vqKvj wb‡q Dj¤^fv‡e ¯úw›`Z nq| GLb ¯ú›`‡bi we¯Ívi wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j,
bZzb †`vjbKvj n‡e- [DU:15-16]
A. T B. 2T C. T/2 D. 4T
02. GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki †K․wYK wemÍvi 100|wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨-
1
A. T  L B. T  C. Both D. None
g
03. 2g f‡ii ee Szjv‡bvq GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj 2 †m‡KÛ| 4g f‡ii ee Szjv‡j †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj KZ n‡e?
A.4 sec B. 8 sec C. 1 sec D. 2 sec
g 3
04. GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj T | Z¡i‡Y DaŸ©Mvgx †Kvb wjd‡U Dnvi †`vjbKvj KZ? C. T
3 2
05. f~-c„‡ô GKRb †jvK 3m jvdv‡Z cv‡i| P›`ªc„‡ô KZ DPz‡Z jvdv‡Z cvi‡e? D. 18 m
06. gnvKv‡k GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vjK (Second pendulum) Gi K¤úvsK (frequency) KZ n‡e? Ans: 0 Hz
07. GKwU wjdU 1m/s2 Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡Q| †Zvgvi IRb AvbygvwbK KZ % e„w× cv‡e ? Ans: 10% e„w× cv‡e
1 L e 2 m
 T  2  2   2
f g g  k
2 2n k
   2f 
T t m

LAMBDA
1 1
T L   A_v©r g Ges T e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ges Nwo mgvbycvwZK-
g Nwo
‡ÿÎ g (AwfKl©R Z¡iY/IRb) T (‡`vjb Kvj) Nwo
‡giæ n‡Z wely‡e K‡g ev‡o ax‡i P‡j
welye n‡Z †giæ‡Z ev‡o K‡g `ªæZ P‡j
c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z DuPz‡Z (cvnv‡o) K‡g ev‡o ax‡i P‡j
c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z wb‡P (Lwb‡Z) K‡g ev‡o ax‡i P‡j
c„w_exi †K‡›`ª k~b¨ eÜ n‡q hv‡e
Amxg  
1
0
wjdU a Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡j ev‡o K‡g `ªæZ P‡j
wjdU wb‡P bvg‡j K‡g ev‡o ax‡i P‡j
wjdU g Z¡i‡Y wb‡P bvg‡j k~b¨ Amxg eÜ n‡q hv‡e
P‡›`ª K‡g ev‡o ax‡i Pj‡e
K…wÎg DcMÖ‡n k~b¨ eÜ n‡q hv‡e
Amxg  
1
0
gnvk~Y¨hv‡b k~b¨ eÜ n‡q hv‡e
Amxg  
1
0
‡ÿÎ L(Kvh©Kix •`N¨©) T (‡`vjb Kvj) Nwo

wb‡iU/dvcv †MvjK GKB _vK‡e GKB _vK‡e GKB fv‡e Pj‡e
ee cvi` Øviv Aa©c~Y© Ki‡j evo‡e evo‡e ax‡i P‡j
GKwU c~Y© †MvjK n‡Z AbeiZ Zij cÖ_‡g evo‡Z _vK‡e cÖ_‡g evo‡Z _vK‡e †k‡l cÖ_‡g ax‡i P‡j †k‡l c~‡e©i
co‡Z _vK‡j †k‡l c~‡e©i Ae¯vq c~‡e©i Ae¯vq Ae¯vq
Mªx®§ Kv‡j evo‡e evo‡e ax‡i P‡j
kxZKv‡j Kg‡e Kg‡e `ªæZ P‡j
01: GKwU Nwoi N›Uvi KuvUvi •`N¨© 15cm


i  Gi ‡K‡›`ª •iwLK I †K․wbK †e‡Mi gvb Ans : v  0 ,   rads 1
21600
ii N›Uvi KuvUvi 0.12 Ges 0.15m `yi‡Z¡ ‣iwLK †e‡Mi AbycvvZ| Ans : 4 : 5
ii N›Uvi KuvUvi 0.12 Ges 0.15m `yi‡Z¡ †K․wbK †e‡Mi AbycvvZ| Ans : 1 : 1
Nwoi †m‡KÛ,wgwbU I NÈvi KvUvi †K․wYK †e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ?
Some conceptual MCQ

01. GKwU e›`y‡Ki ¸wj wVK `ywU Z³v‡K †f` Ki‡Z cv‡i| †eM Pvi¸b Kiv n‡j Abyiƒc KZwU Z³v‡K †f` Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Ans: 32.
02. GKwU e¯‧i fi‡eM 50% e„w× Kiv n‡j Gi MwZ kw³
(1) KZ n‡e hLb c~‡e©i MwZkw³ E Ans:2.25E
(2) MwZkw³ e„w×i nvi Ans: 125% e„w×|
g
03. mylg Nb‡Z¡i `ywU e¯‧i e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 1:2| 2qwUi gnvKlx©q cÖvej¨ g n‡j 1gwUi gnvKl©xq cÖej¨ KZ n‡e| Ans:
2
T1 8
04. bÿ‡Îi Pviw`‡K cÖ`wÿY iZ `ywU MÖ‡ni e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 2:3| G‡ì AveZ©b Kvj T1 , T2 n‡j ? Ans:
T2 27
LAMBDA
1g MÖ‡n GKeQi 365 eQi n‡j 2q MÖ‡n KZ w`‡b GK eQi n‡e?

05. GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki †`vjb Kvj 41% e„w× Kiv n‡jv| Gi c~‡e©i †`vjK ‣`N©¨ L n‡j
(a) c‡ii †`vjK •`N©¨ KZ n‡e Ans: 2 L (b) ‡`vjK •`N© KZUzKz e„w× ev n«vmcv‡e Ans: L
(c) ‡`vjK •`‡N¨©i kZKiv wK cwieZ©b n‡e| Ans: 100% (d) Kvh©Kix •`‡N¨©i AbycvZ wbY©q Ki Ans: 1:2
06. c„w_ex I P›`ª c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡i‡bi AbycvZ 81:16 P›`ª c„‡ô GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki †`vjb Kvj KZ n‡e? Ans: 4.5 ‡m‡KÛ
(ii)c„w_ex I P›`ªc„‡ô †`vjb Kv‡ji AbycvZ KZ ? (iii)†m‡KÛ †`vjK wU Pv‡` wb‡j †`vjK Nwo N›Uvq I w`‡b KZ †m‡KÛ mgq nviv‡e?
07. GKwU e¯‧yi c„w_ex‡Z IRb 81 Kg-Wt | c„w_ex&i fi I e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g P‡›ìÑ 81 ¸Y I 4 ¸Y
(i)P›`ª c„‡ô Zvi IRb KZ n‡e (ii)P›`ª c„‡ô Zvi IRb KZ nviv‡e (iii)P›`ª c„‡ô Zvi AwfKl©R Z¡iY (iv)P›`ª c„‡ôi gyw³‡eM
(v)P›`ª c„‡ôi gnvKl©xq wefe (vi)P›`ª c„‡ôi gnvKl©xq cÖvej¨ (vii)P›`ª c„‡ô †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki †`vjb Kvj KZ n‡e ?
08. 250 C ZvcgvÎv I 1atm Pv‡c GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 1.5 liter . 3atm Pv‡c(i) M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e| Ans: 0.5 liter
(i)M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZUzKz nªvm cv‡e?
09. M¨v‡mi Pvc 10% n«vm Ki‡j AvqZb e„w× cv‡e? Ans:11% ZvcgvÎv kZKiv KZ e„w× ev nªvm cv‡e?
10. T0C ZvcgvÎv I 1atm Pv‡ci GKwU M¨vm‡K nVvr AvqZ‡b msKzwPZ K‡i A‡a©K Kiv nj| M¨vmwUi
(1) cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv KZ? Ans: T  20.4 (2) cwiewZ©Z Pvc KZ? Ans: 20.4 ev 2.63 atm
11. 0.0 C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi MwZ‡eM/k‡ãi †eM V n‡j 2730 C ZvcgvÎvq k‡ãi †eM KZ? Ans: 2V
(ii)k‡ãi †eM kZKiv KZ e„w× ev nªvm cv‡e (iii) k‡ãi †eM KZ ¸Y n‡e?
12. KZ wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq k‡ãi †eM 00C ZvcgvÎvq k‡ãi †e‡Mi wZb¸b| Ans: 21840 C
13. `ywU k‡ãi Zi½ •`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 128m Ges 384m
(i) K¤úv‡¼i AbycvZ KZ n‡e? Ans: 3:1 (ii) 1g myikjvK‡i K¤úv¼ 300Hz n‡j 2q m~i kiAKvi K¤úv¼ KZ? Ans: 100Hz
14. A I B gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM h_vµ‡g 300ms1 Ges 350ms1 Ges GKwU myi kjvKvi gva¨g Ø‡qi Zi‡½ •`‡N¨„i cv_©K¨ 0.1m
n‡j my ikjvKvi m¤úv¼ KZ? Ans: 500Hz (ii) kã 100 K¤ú‡b A gva¨‡g KZ `~i AMÖmi n‡e|
15. GKwU myi kjvKvi Uvb ej Pvi ¸Y Ges •`N¨© wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv|
(i) c~‡e©i I c‡ii K¤úv‡¼i AbycvZ Ans:1:1 (ii) K¤úv‡¼i cwieZ©b Ans:0
16. GKwU Uvbv Zv‡i Avo K¤ú‡b Kw¤úZ GKwU Zv‡ii Uvb ej wØ¸Y Kiv nj| Avw` •`N© 60cm.
1
(i) c‡ii •`N©¨ KZ n‡e Ans: 60 2 cm (ii) ‣`N©¨ kZKiv KZ cwieZ©b n‡e? Ans: 41.7% e„w× (iii)
L1
L2  ? Ans:
2
17. hw` Uvb e‡ji cwieZ©b 100N n‡Z e„w× K‡i 400N Kiv nZ Zvn‡j K¤úv‡¼i wK cwieZ©b nZ? Ans: 100% e„w× ev K¤úv‡¼i wØ¸Y
n‡e| (ii) K¤cv¼ AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j Zv‡ii •`N¨© wKiƒc n‡e?
18. GKwU †MvjvKvi cwievnxi k~b¨ gva¨‡gi avi³ 5F1 cwievnx‡K 6 cviwgwUwWwUi gva¨‡g ¯vcb Ki‡j Gi aviKZ¡ KZ n‡e| Ans: 30F
F
(ii) cvwbi WvB-B‡jwUªK aªæye‡Ki gvb 80 `ywU e¯‧i gva¨‡g AvKl©b ej KZ n‡e? Ans:
80
19. mgvb aviKZ¡ wewkó `ywU avi‡Ki wef‡ei AbycvZ 2:1 n‡j,
(1) 1gwUi mwÂZ kw³ 2q wUi KZ ¸Y? Ans: 4 ¸Y (1) 1gwUi mwÂZ PvR© 2q wUi KZ ¸Y? Ans: 0.5 ¸Y
20. `ywU cwievwn Zv‡ii ‣`N¨©, e¨vm I Av‡cwÿK †iv‡ai AbycvZ 2:1| 1g ZviwUi †iva 10 n‡j 2q ZviwUi †iva KZ? Ans: 10
21. 220v  40w Ges 110v  40w ‡jLv `ywU B‡jKwUªK ev‡j¦i †iva 100 n‡j 2q ev‡j¦i †iva KZ? Ans: 25 
(ii) 1g I 2q ev‡j¡i †iv‡ai AbycvZ KZ ?
22. GKwU UªvÝ digv‡ii cÖvBgvix I †m‡KÛvix KzÛjxi mv‡_ Ans: 12 ‡iva jvMv‡bv Av‡Q| hw` cÖvBgvix‡Z 240v wefe cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Z‡e
(i) cÖvBgvwi KzÛjxi cÖevnm~Î KZ? Ans: 0.05 A (ii) gyL¨ KzÛjxi †iva | Ans: 4800  (iii) ‡M․b KzÛjxi wefe KZ?
4 3
23. cvwb I Kv‡uPi cÖwZmibv¼ h_vµ‡g Ges
3 2
9v
(i) Kuv‡P Av‡jvi †eM MZ? Ans: 2 108 ms 1 (ii) Kuv‡P Av‡jvi †eM V n‡j cvwb‡Z Av‡jv †eM KZ? Ans:
8
(ii) Kuv‡P Av‡jvK eQi 6 1015 m n‡j cvwb‡Z Av‡jvKeQi KZ n‡e? (ii) KuvP A‡c¶v cvwb‡Z Av‡jvi †eM kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?
x
24. Bqs Gi wØwPo cixÿvqy †Wviv eëavb x cvIqv †Mj| wPoØ‡qi gaëZx© `~iZ¡ wØ¸Y Kiv nj| †Wvivi cÖ¯ KZ n‡e? Ans:
2
25. `ywU mgvb •`‡N©ï Zvi A I B-Gi e¨vm h_vµ‡g 110–3 m I 410–3 m| Dfq‡K mgvb ej Øviv Uvb‡j A-Gi •`N©¨ e„w× B-Gi
‣`N©¨ e„w×i 4 ¸Y nq| A I B-Gi Dcv`v‡bi Bqs Gi w¯wZ¯vcK ¸Yvs‡Ki Zzjbv Ki| Ans: 4:1
1
26. GKwU w¯cÖs Gi ej aªæeK‡K ‪vi ¸Y Ki‡j †`vjbKvj Kq¸b n‡e? Ans :T2= T1
2

LAMBDA
(ii) K¤cv¼ /‡K․wYK K¤cv‡¼i wK cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e? (iii) w¯cÖs Gi mwÂZ kw³i wK cwieZ©b n‡e (iv) hw` GKwU w¯cÖs Gi
Zvi‡K mgvb Pvi UzKiv Kiv nq Z‡e Gi ej aªƒe‡Ki wK cwieZ©b n‡e?
27. k w¯úªs aªæe‡Ki GKwU w¯úªs‡K †U‡b j¤^v Kiv nj| wØZxq GKwU w¯úªs‡K Gi A‡a©K cwigvY j¤^v Ki‡Z wØ¸Y KvR Ki‡Z nq| wØZxq
w¯úªs Gi w¯úªs aªæeK KZ?
1 W x2
Soln: KvR, W = kx2  k2 = 2  12  k1 = 222  k = 8 k Ans.
2 W1 x 2
28. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq O2 I H2 M¨v‡mi r.m.s †e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ?
3RT 1 CO M H2 2 1
Soln: eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C = Cα  2 = =  Ans.
M M C H2 M O2 32 4
29. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Aw·‡R‡bi NbZ¡ nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi Nb‡Z¡i 16 ¸Y n‡j Aw·‡Rb AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~wjq gvb wbY©q Ki|
3P 1  H2  H2 3RT 1 3  8.134  273
Soln:C =  Cα  C O2 =  C H2 =  =  3
= 461.2ms–1 Ans.
   O2  O2 M H2 16 2  10
30. c„w_ex c„‡ô (ge = 9.8 m/s2) GKwU †`vjK Nwo mwVK mgq †`q| NwowU P›`ªc„‡ô (gm=1.6 m/s2) †bIqv n‡j c„w_ex c„‡ôi 1h mgq
9.8
P›`ªc„‡ô n‡e C. h
1.6
31.R e¨vmv‡a©i c„w_exi c„‡ô AwfKl© wefe V n‡j c„ô n‡Z R D” PZvq wef‡ei gvb KZ? AwfKl©R Z¡iY,gyw³‡eM I gnvKl©xq
cÖve‡jï I †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki †`vjb Kvj,e¯‘i IRb , e¯‘i IR‡bi nªvm K…Z gvb, †`vjK Nwo N›Uvq KZ †m‡KÛ `ªƒZ ev ax‡i Pj‡e
Zvi gvb KZ n‡e? D³ ¯’v‡b †m‡KÊ †`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix •`N¨© KZ n‡e?
GM GM GM V
Soln: c„‡ô wefe, V=  ; R D‪PZvq wef‡ei gvb, V´=    Ans.
R RR 2R 2
–3 2
32. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨v‡mi mv›`ªZvsK 1.510 Nsm~ n‡j 20˚C ZvcgvÎvq H M¨v‡mi mv›`ªZvsK KZ?
1 T1 1 273 293 293
Soln: =  =  2 =  1 = 1.510–3 = 1.55 10–3 Nsm~2 Ans.
2 T2 2 293 273 273
33. GKwU m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui N~Y©‡bi mgqKvj nj T Gi MwZkw³i mgvbycvwZK nj ―
Solve: ( ) GLb,   
34. Kzwgjøvq Aew¯Z GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki •`N¨© ivRkvnx‡Z Aew¯Z‡`vj‡Ki †P‡q 10% †ekx n‡j, †Kvb e¯‧‡K ivRkvnx †_‡K Kzwgjøv
†bqv n‡j Zvi IRb KZ n‡e ? A. 10% †ekx
35.GKwU †K․wkK bj cvwb‡Z AvswkK †Wvev‡bv| Gi A‡a©K e¨vmv‡a©i Avi GKwU †K․wkK bj cvwb‡Z AvswkK †Wvev‡bv n‡j Zvi g‡a¨Kvi cvwbi
¯Í‡¤¢i D” PZv cÖ_gwUi g‡a¨Kvi cvwbi ¯Í‡¤¢i D” PZvi Zzjbvq KZ n‡e? C. wØ¸Y (double)
36. GKB avZzi •Zwi `yÕwU †MvjK hv‡ì GKwUi e¨vmva© Ab¨wUi wØ¸Y| †MvjK `yÕwU‡K Zij c`v‡_© c~Y© GKwU j¤^v Rv‡ii †fZi w`‡q
co‡Z †`qv n‡j, †QvUwUi Zzjbvq eo ejwUi Uvwg©bvj MwZ ― Solve:  e¨vmva© wØ¸Y n‡j, Uvwg©bvjMwZ Pvi¸Y|
13.GKB Dcv`v‡bi •Zwi wØZxq Zv‡ii •`N¨© cÖ_g Zv‡ii •`‡N¨©i wØ¸Y wKš‧ e¨vmva© cÖ_g Zv‡ii A‡a©K n‡j Ges mgvb fvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j wØZxq
Zvi I cÖ_g Zv‡ii •`N¨© cÖmvi‡Yi AbycvZ KZ? D. 8
06. mij Qw›`Z MwZ‡Z Pjgvb GKwU e¯‧i †gvU kw³ E. K¤úv¼ AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L we¯Ívi wØ¸Y Ki‡j Qw›`Z MwZ‡Z Pjgvb e¯‧wUi †gvU
kw³ KZ n‡e? D. 4E
37. mgUvb m¤úbœ GKwU UvbvZv‡ii •`N©¨ wZb¸Y Ki‡j K¤úv‡¼i KZUv úwieZ©b NU‡e?
1 T 1  1 2
Soln : K¤úv¼, n   n  n2  1  n1   n1 ; K¤úv‡¼i úwieZ©b, n  n1 Ans.
2 m  2 3 3
38. wZbwU myi kjvKv †bIqv n‡jv hv‡ì K¤• vsK h_vµ‡g 105 Hz, 315 Hz Ges 525 Hz| kjvKv wZbwU w`‡q evqy‡Z kã
m„wó Ki‡j m„ó k‡ãi Zi½ •`‡N©ï AbycvZ Kx n‡e? D. 15 : 5 : 3
39. kxZj †`‡ki (ZvúgvÎv 0º C) Zzjbvq Dò †`‡k (ZvúgvÎv 30ºC) k‡ãi MwZ‡eM K‡Zv kZvsk †ewk ev K‡g? 4.8% †ewk
40.10˚C EòZvq Ges 750 mm cvi`-Pv‡c evZv‡mi Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ 15˚C DòZvq Ges 760 mm cvi` Pv‡c evZv‡mi Nb‡Z¡i Zzjbv Ki|
1T1  2 T2 1 T2 P1 288  750
Soln: =  =  = = 1 Ans.
P1 P2  2 T1 P2 283  760
41. `ywU †Mvj‡Ki e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g 0.01m Ges 0.02m G‡ì‡K h_vµ‡g 30C Ges 60C Pv‡R© PvwR©Z Kiv nj| †MvjK `ywUi Pv‡R©i
Zj NbZ¡ Zzjbv Ki|
2
1 q1  r2  30  0.02 
2
q q q
Soln : ZjgvwÎK NbZ¡,    ;             2 : 1 Ans.
A 4r 2 r2  2 q 2  r1  60  0.01 

LAMBDA
42. GKwU mgvšÍivj cvZ avi‡Ki cv`Ø‡qi wefe cÖ‡f` Zvi Avw` wefe cÖ‡f‡ì A‡a©K n‡q †M‡j, aviKwUi mwÂZ kw³ wK cwigvY nªvm
cv‡e?
2
 V2 
2
1
Soln : E 2     E1    E1 = 0.25E1 ; E = E2  E1 = 0.25E1  E1 = – 0.75E1= 75% n«vm Ans.
 1
V 2
43.GKwU we›`y PvR© n‡Z 2m `~i‡Z¡ Zwor‡¶‡Îi cÖve‡jï gvb E n‡j, 1m `~i‡Z¡ Zwor‡¶‡Îi cÖve‡jï gvb KZ? C. 4E
44. GKB Dcv`v‡bi •Zwi `ywU mgvb gv‡bi †iv‡ai •`‡N©ï AbycvZ 2 t 3| †iva `ywUi e¨v‡mi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki?
 d l 2
Soln : R  ;   A  d 2 e¨v‡mi AbycvZ, 1  1   2 t 3 Ans.
A d2 l2 3
45. GKB Dcv`v‡bi mylg Zv‡ii mgvb •`N©¨ wewkó `yÔwU Zvi‡K †kÖYx mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j G‡ì g‡a¨ †h Zvc Drcbœ nq Zvi AbycvZ 16
t 1 Zv‡ii e¨v‡mi AbycvZ KZ? Ans: 1 t 4
46. GKwU we`y¨r cwievnx `ywU kvLvq wef³ n‡q‡Q Ges GB `yB kvLvq †iv‡ai AbycvZ 3t4| kvLv `ywU‡Z Drcbœ Zv‡ci AbycvZ wbY©q
Ki|
1 W1 R 2
Soln: W [ mgvšÍiv‡j V GKB]    4 : 3 Ans.
R W2 R1
47. GKwU wmwjÛvi AvK„wZi Zv‡ii •`N¨© 100% evov‡bv nj| G Ki‡b †iv‡ai cwieZ©b n‡e? D.300%
48. Av`k© ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi ï®‥ M¨vm‡K (i) m‡gvò Ae¯vq Ges (ii) iy× Zvc Ae¯vq wZb¸Y AvqZ‡b cÖmvwiZ n‡Z †Ìqv
nj| cÖwZ‡¶‡Î P‚ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki| [ = 1.4]
 V1   V 
Soln: (i) P1V1 = P2V2  P‚ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =   P1=  1   (1.013105)= 3.377104 Nm~2 Ans.
 V2   3V1 
 1 .4
 V1   V 
(ii) P1V1 =P2V2  P‚ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =   P1=  1  (1.013105)=2.17104Nm~2 Ans.
 V2   3V1 
49. 15 †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K †U‡b Ggbfv‡e j¤^v Kiv nj hv‡Z Gi •`N©¨ wØ¸Y Ges cÖ¯‡‪Q` A‡a©K nq| Ggb ZviwU‡K mgvb `yB As‡k
wef³ K‡i Ask `yBwU‡K mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Kiv nj| GB Ae¯vq ZviwUi †iva KZ n‡e?
l 2 A1 60
Soln : R 2    R 1 = 2215 = 60 ;  30 ;Rp= (30–1+30–1)–1=15 Ans.
l1 A 2 2
50. GKwU bjvKvi Zvgvi Zv‡ii †iva R| AvqZb mgvb †i‡L ZviwUi •`N©¨ wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j cwiewZ©Z †iva KZ?
Soln: R †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K AvqZb mgvb †i‡L †U‡b n ¸Y j¤^v Kiv n‡j ZviwUi eZ©gvb †iva, Rnew = n2R=22×R= 4R Ans.
1g Aa¨vq
‡f․Z RMr I cwigvc (Physical World and Measurement)
01. GKwU †Mvj‡Ki cwigvc¨ e¨vmva©, R = 5.3 ± 0.1 n‡j AvqZ‡b kZKiv ÎæwU wbY©q Ki| (‡¶Îdj I cwiwa wbY©‡q ÎƒwU KZ )
Soln: GLv‡b, R = 5.3
4
 cig ÎæwU, R = 0.1 GLb, †Mvj‡Ki AvqZb, V = R3
3
V 3R V 0 .1 0 .3
 AvqZ‡b AvbycvwZK ÎæwU, =  = 3 =
V R V 5 .3 5 .3
V 0.3  100
AZGe, AvqZ‡bi ÎæwU,  100 %= = 5.7% Ans.
V 5.3
02. GKwU †Mvj‡Ki e¨vmva© cwigv‡c 1.2% fzj Ki‡j,(i) AvqZ‡b kZKiv KZ fzj n‡e? (ii) ‡ÿÎdj wbY©‡q kZKiv ÎæwU wbY©q Ki
Solve: (i) AvqZ‡b AvbycvwZK ÎæwU= 31.2% =3.6% (ii) ‡ÿÎdj wbY©‡q kZKiv ÎæwU=21.2% =2.4%
03. x=MaLbT-c mgxKi‡Y GKwU †f․Z ivwk x ‡K Dc¯vcK Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw` M, L I T cwigv‡c m‡e©v‪P kZKiv ÎæwU h_vµ‡g %,
𝛃% I 𝛄% nq Z‡e, x cwigv‡c †gvU kZKiv ÎæwU KZ? Ans:(αa+βb+γc)%
04. GKwU †iv‡a Drcbœ Zvc, t| hw` wefe cv_©K¨, †iva Ges mgq cwigv‡c µzwUi cwigvc h_vµ‡g 3%, 2% Ges 1% nq, Z‡e
Drcbœ Zvc cwigv‡c ÎæwUi cwigvc KZ? Ans:9%
05. GKwU ¯…z-M‡Ri •iwLK †¯‥‡ji cvV cvIqv †Mj 4 cm Ges e„ËvKvi †¯‥j cvV cvIqv †Mj 37| ¯…z-MRwUi jwNô aªæeK 0.02 mm n‡j cÖK…Z cvV KZ?
0.02
Soln: cÖK…Z cvV, L = L1 + C  L.C. = 4 + 37  = 4.074 cm Ans.
10
Top (iii) fvwb©qvi aªæeK = cÖavb †¯‥‡ji ¶z`ªZg GK N‡ii gvb-( cÖavb †¯‥‡ji Ni/ fvwb©qvi †¯‥‡ji Ni)

LAMBDA
Tricks (iv) ¯…-z M‡Ri aªæeK=•iwLK †¯‥‡ji ¶z`ªZg GK N‡ii gvb -( cÖavb †¯‥‡ji Ni/ ¯…z-M‡Ri †¯‥‡ji Ni)
01.GKwU ¯øvBW K¨vwjcv‡m©i cÖavb †¯‥‡ji ¶z`ªZg GK N‡ii gvb 1mm Ges fvwb©qvi †¯‥‡ji 20 Ni cÖavb †¯‥‡ji 19 N‡ii mgvb| H
†¯‥‡ji fvwb©qvi aªæeK n‡e-
Soln: fvwb©qvi aªæeK = cÖavb †¯‥‡ji ¶z`ªZg GK N‡ii gvb – ( cÖavb †¯‥‡ji Ni/ fvwb©qvi †¯‥‡ji Ni)
19
fvwb©qvi aªæeK = 1 – = 0.05mm Ans.
20
GK‡Ki cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Z_¨vewj
1 Av‡jvK ermi (ℓy) = GK eQi Av‡jv‡Ki AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = 9.461015 wgUvi = 5.871012 gvBj (Av‡jvK eQi `yi‡Z¡i GKK)
1 Av‡jvK ermi (ℓy) = `~iZ¡ × GK eQ‡ii hZ †m‡KÛ = (
1 GKK cvigvYweK fi (a.m.u.) =1.6610–27 wK‡jvMÖvg
* +
=1 BOT ¯^vfvweK Pvc =
(
Gi Av`k© gvb
mgZzj¨ kw³ mgZzj¨ kw³

Problem. 1 Av‡jvK eQ‡i KZ gvBj? [Av‡jvK eQi `yi‡Z¡i GKK| gvÎv L]
Soln: 3 Av‡jvK eQi = 3 × 5.87×1012 gvBj = 1.76 × 1013 gvBj Ans.
02. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb e„Ë Pvc e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª †h †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K e‡j- Ans: 1 †iwWqvb cwiwa/e¨vm=
†f±i (Vector)
‡f±i ivwki D`vnviY : **
f‡e me wcÖI Zg fv‡m †cÖ‡g mKj †eM,Z¡iY,cÖvej¨,miY,åvgK †f±i ivwk |
†f±i g‡b n‡jI †¯‥jvit c„ôUvb ,Pvc , RoZvi åvgK,ZwoZ cÖevn G¸jv †¯‥jvi ivwk |
†¯‥jvi g‡b n‡jI †f±it †¶Îdj ,‣`N¨© G¸jv †¯‥jvi ivwk | wKš‧ ZwoZ I Pz¤^K †¶‡Î †¶Îdj I •`N¨© †¯‥jvi ivwk |
‡f±i ivwki †hvRb †f±i ivwki wefvRb
1. ‡b․Kv Pvjv‡bv 2. PjšÍ Mvwo‡Z e„wói cZb(ïay mvg‡bi KvuP †fRvq) 1. †b․Kvi ¸Y Uvbv 2. jb †ivjvi †Vjv A‡cÿv Uvbv mnRZi
3. cvwLi Dov 4. †mªvZhy³ b`x‡Z †b․Kv PjvPj | 3. cv‡q nvuUv 4. mvB‡K‡ji µ¨v‡¼i wµqv
5. cÖvšÍxq Ae¯v‡b mij †`vj‡Ki e‡ei MwZ
wÎf‚R m~Î hw` GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `ywU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv gvb I w`‡K GKBµ‡g `ywU †f±i‡K 𝑃⃗ ⃗
𝑄
cÖKvk Kiv nq Zvn‡j Z…Zxq evû Øviv wecixZ µ‡g H †f±iØ‡qi jwä wb‡`©k 𝑅⃗
K‡i|
mvgšÍwiK m~Î hw` mvgšÍwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû Øviv gvb I w`‡K `ywU †f±i‡K cÖKvk Kiv 𝐴 𝐵
nq Z‡e H we›`y n‡Z AswKZ mvgšÍwi‡Ki KY© †f±iØ‡qi jwä wb‡`©k K‡i|
𝑂 𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Technique wÎfyR/eûfzR m~Î:
me¸‡jv GKw`‡K ‡hvMdj k~b¨ me¸‡jv GKw`‡K, GKwU wecix‡Z ‡hwU wecix‡Z †mwUB jw×

LAMBDA
MvwYwZK c×wZ‡Z †f±i †hv‡Mi 3wU m~Î:

1. wewbgq m~Î  ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
2. ms‡hvM m~Î  ( ⃗ ⃗ ) ⃗ ⃗ (⃗ ⃗
3. e›Ub m~Î  ( ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗ (⃗ ⃗) ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
‡¯‥jvi ¸Yb I †f±i ¸Y‡bi cv_©K¨
               
wewbgq m~Î gv‡b wewbgq m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv| A_©vr A  B  B  A wKš‧ A  B  B  A , A  B  B  A , A  B, B  A Gi gaëZ©x
     
†KvY 1800 when | A  B | = | A  B | then  = 90˚, A  B =0
  
A .( B  C ) =(⃗⃗⃗ ⃗)
†MÖwW‡q›U WvBfvi‡RÝ Kvj©

†¯‥jvi ivwki †MÖwW‡q›U GKwU
   
  V ( †¯‥jvi ivwk)   V (†f±i ivwk)
†f±i ivwk |-Gi †MÖwW‡q›U‡K
 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
D³ †f±i ivwki gvb H †¯‥jvi
 
  V ev Øviv GKK mg‡q †Kvb Zij c`v‡_©i Nb‡Z¡i Kvj© H †f±‡ii N~Y©b wb‡`©k K‡i|
ivwki me©vwaK e„w×i nv‡ii mgvb †f±‡ii Kvj© k~b¨ n‡j †f±iwU
cwieZ©‡bi nvi eySvq|
AN~Y©bkxj nq
gvb FYvZ¥K - AvqZ‡bi ms‡KvPY/NbZ¡ e„w× cvq|
Kvj© Gi gva¨‡g cÖvß †f±iwUi gvb N~Y©b
gvb abvZ¥K - AvqZb e„w× / Nb‡Z¡i n«vm
A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ †K․wYK †e‡Mi wØ¸Y nq|
gvb k~b¨ n‡j AvMZ I wbM©Z d¬v· mgvb (mwjbqWvj)   
A_©vr v   r n‡j
  
  V  2
+ Div - Div 0 Div
Real & Probable Questions

  
01. wb‡Pi †Kvb wPÎwU R  P  Q mgxKiYwU mwVKfv‡e Dc¯vcb K‡i?
A. B. C. D.
 
02. P I Q we›`yi Ae¯vb †f±i h_vµ‡g P(2î  ĵ  2k̂) Ges Q(î  3 ĵ  2k̂) | PQ †f±i wbY©q Ki| GB †f±‡ii gvb KZ n‡e?
Soln: PQ = (1  2)î  (3 1) ĵ  (2  2)k̂  î  2 ĵ  4k̂ ; †f±iwUi gvb = 1  2  4 =21 Ans.
2 2 2
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ⃗ (ii) k~b¨ †f±‡ii GKK †f±i wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq|
 
03. A  2î  2 ĵ  4k̂ I B  2î  ĵ  4k̂ †f±iØ‡qi jwäi mgvšÍivj GKK †f±iwU wbY©q Ki|
 
  AB 4î  3 ĵ 4 3
Sol : jwä †f±i = A  B  4î  3 ĵ ; mgvšÍivj GKK †f±i =   =
n
= î  ĵ Ans
|AB| 4 3
2 2 5 5
 ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^  
04. A  i  j k; B  i  2 j 2 k; B eivei A Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c wbY©q Ki|
 
  A.B 1 2  2 1
Sol : B Gi Dci A Gi j¤^ Awf‡¶c 
n
=  Ans.
B 1 2 2
2 2 2 3

LAMBDA
 
05. A  2î  2 ĵ  k̂ Ges B  2î  10 ĵ  11k̂ ‡f±iØ‡qi AšÍfz©³ †KvY wbY©q Ki|
 
 A.B   4  20  11 
     13 
Soln: A I B Gi gaëZx© †KvY,  = cos–1  AB  = cos–1  3  15  = cos–1   Ans.
   45 
   
06. hw` A  5î  5 ĵ  5k̂ Ges B  2î  2 ĵ  2k̂ nq, Zvn‡j A  B = ?Ans: 0
Abyiƒc mnM¸‡jvi AbycvZ mgvb n‡j | ⃗| Ges mvgšÍwi‡Ki/i¤^m/wÎf‚R Gi †ÿÎdj k~b¨=‡f±iØq ci¯ci mgvš‭ivj=gaëZ©x †KvY 00
 
07. P  4î  4 ĵ  k̂ Ges Q  2î  2 ĵ  k̂ †f±iØq
(i) GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU mwbœwnZ evû wb‡`©k Ki‡j Zvi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
(ii) GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `ywU KY© wb‡`©k Ki‡j Zvi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
î ˆj k̂ k̂ î ˆj
 
Sol : (i) P  Q = x
n
P Pz = 4  4 1 = î (4+2)– ˆj (–4–2)+ k̂ (–8+8) = 6î  6 ĵ
Py
Qx Qy Qz 2  2 1
 
 mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = | P  Q | = 62  62 = 8.5 Ans.
 
(ii) KY© wb‡`©k Ki‡j mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = | P  Q | = 62  62 = 4.25 Ans.
08. a-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki †hb î  3 ĵ  ak̂ , 2î  ĵ  k̂ Ges 3î  2 ĵ  4k̂ GB wZbwU †f±i GKB mgZ‡j Ae¯vb K‡i|
     
Soln: A , B I C GKB Z‡j Ae¯vb Ki‡e hw` A .( B  C ) = 0 nq|
Kv‡RB ( î  3 ĵ  ak̂ ).[( 2î  ĵ  k̂ )( 3î  2 ĵ  4k̂ )] = 0
î ˆj k̂
 ( î  3 ĵ  ak̂ ). 2 1  1 = 0  ( î  3 ĵ  ak̂ ). { î (4–2) – ˆj (8+3)+ k̂ (–4–3)} = 0
3 2 4
35
 ( î  3 ĵ  ak̂ ).( 2î  11ĵ  7k̂ ) = 0  2 + 33 – 7a = 0 a= = 5 Ans.
7

09. †f±i A  î  3 ĵ  5k̂ Ges B  2î  aĵ  10k̂ | a-Gi gvb KZ n‡j †f±i `ywU mgvšÍivj n‡e?
Ax Ay 1 3
Solve:  or,  or, a = - 6 Ans.
Bx By 2 a
 
10. a-Gi gvb KZ n‡j, A  aî  2 ĵ  k̂ Ges B  2aî  aĵ  4k̂ †f±iØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e?
 
Soln: A . B = AxBx+ AyBy+AzBz=0  a.2a +(–2).a + 1.(–4) = 0  2a2–2a –4 = 0  a = 2 I a = –1
(i) (ii) ⃗ (iii) ⃗ ⃗ (iv) (v) ⃗ ⃗
Note: ⃗ ⃗
(vi) ⃗⃗ (ivwk¸‡jv KLb m‡e©v‪P n‡e KLb me©wbæ n‡e,KL k~b¨ n‡e wbY©q Ki|)

11. GKwU N–Y©biZ KYvi e¨vmva© †f±i r  (2î  2 ĵ  k̂)m Ges cÖhy³ ej F  (6î  3 ĵ  3k̂) N n‡j U‡K©i gvb KZ? Kv‡Ri gvb KZ n‡e|
î ˆj k̂ î ĵ k̂
  
Sol :   r  F = rx
n
ry rz = 2 2  1 = î (-6+3)– ˆj (–6+6)+ k̂ (6-12) =  3î  6k̂
Fx Fy Fz 6 3 3
  
 U‡K©i gvb,   r F = 32  62 = 3 5 Nm Ans.
12. `ywU †f±‡ii †¯‥jvi ¸Ydj 18 GKK| G‡ì †f±i ¸Yd‡ji gvb 6 3 n‡j †f±iØ‡qi gaëZx© †KvY KZ?
 
AB 6 3
  tan 1      tan 1    30 0
A.B 18
13. ⃗⃗ ̂ ̂ ‡f±iwU Y A‡ÿi mv‡_ KZ †KvY •Zwi K‡i|

LAMBDA
Solve: [ ‡m‡nZz Y A‡ÿi w`‡K GKK †f±i ̂ Gi mnM 0]

√
  2   2
14. ( A . B ) + | A  B | = KZ?
   
Soln: ( A . B )2 + | A  B |2 = (AB cos)2 + (AB sin)2 = A2B2 (cos2  + sin2 ) = A2B2 Ans.
2 2
15. A.B  A  B  196 Ges A  7 n‡j B = KZ?
2 2 2 2
Soln: ( AB cos )  ( AB sin  )  A B  196  AB  14 , B = 2 Ans.
16. A . B = A  B n‡j, A I B Gi gaëZx© †KvY KZ?
1 
Soln: AB cos   AB sin   tan   1    tan (1)  45 Ans.
17. i) A  B n‡j A . B =? A B =?
ii) A =  B n‡j A . B =?
 
Slove A  B n‡j  =  A. B = A. A cos =
A = – B n‡j  =  = A. A cos 180 = –
18. PQ n‡j
P  Q .P  ? P  Q  P  ?
Slove : P  Q = PQ sin 90 = PQ
GLb, P  Q I P Gi AšÍf‚³ †KvY =
  

P  Q .P  PQ.P cos 90  0
  

P  Q  P  P Q. P sin
19. P.Q  PQ n‡jÑ
i. P I Q ci¯úi mgvšÍivj , P I Q ci¯úi excixZ gyLx ,P I Q Gi gaëZx© †KvY 0
    
20. A  B  C n‡j C.A KZ n‡e? C. k‬b¨
       
Soln: A  B  C gv‡b C , A Ges B Gi Dci j¤^| ZvB C . A = CA cos900 = 0 Ans.
21. `ywU e‡ji jwäi m‡e©v‪P gvb 17| jwäi me©wbgœ gvb 7| ejØq j¤^fv‡e wµqv Ki‡j jwäi gvb KZ?
R 2max  R 2min 17 2  7 2
Soln: ejØq j¤^fv‡e wµqv Ki‡j jwäi gvb, R    13 Ans.
2 2
22. `yBwU mgvb e‡ji jwä †h †Kvb GKwUi 3 ¸Y n‡j gaëZx© †KvY KZ?
1
Sol : R  P  Q  2PQ cos   3P  P  P  2P cos     cos (1 / 2)  60 Ans.
n 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
1 1
21. 3ms †e‡M †`․‡o hvevi mgq GKRb †jvK 4ms †e‡M j¤^fv‡e cwZZ e„wói m¤§yLxb nj|
i) e„wó n‡Z iÿv †c‡Z Zv‡K KZ wWMÖx †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e?  ( ) ( )
ii) e„wói jwä †eM KZ?  √ √
(iii) Avbyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ KZ wWMÖx †Kv‡Y QvZv ai‡Z n‡e? Solve: Avbyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY
22.GKwU b`xi †mªv‡Zi †eM 8ms 1,10ms 1 †e‡Mi GKwU †b․Kv‡K H b`x‡Z
(i) †Kvb w`‡K Pvjv‡j GwU †mvRv Aci cv‡k †c․Qv‡e?  ( ) ( )
(ii) †b․Kvi jwä †eM KZ n‡e?  √ √
(iii)Aci cv‡i †c․Q‡Z †b․KvwUi KZ mgq jvM‡e hLb b`xi cÖ¯ 1.35 km
Solve : cvivcv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq,
√ √
(iv)b~¨bZg c‡_ b`x cvo n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e|
Solve : cvivcv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq,
√ √
(v)b~¨bZg mg‡q b`x cvo n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e|

LAMBDA
b`xi cÖ¯   8

Solve : t = = Ans. cos 1  2 2 1
, 10  8 ms , 3 min 40 sec
†b․Kvisin  10 
23. †mªvZ bv _vK‡j GK e¨w³ 100 wgUvi PIov GKwU b`x muvZvi w`‡q wVK †mvRvmywRfv‡e 4 wgwb‡U cvi nq Ges †mªvZ _vK‡j H GKB c‡_ †m
b`xwU 5 wgwb‡U cvi n‡Z cv‡i| †mªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM wbY©q Ki|
100
Soln: mvZviyi †eM, u   25 m / min
4
100
†mvRvmywR cvi nevi †¶‡Î, jwä †eM = u 2  V2   252  V2  202  v = 15 m/ min
5
24. b`x‡Z †b․Kvi AbyK‚‡j †eM 18ms 1 Ges cÖwZK‚‡j 6ms 1 | †b․Kv †Kvb w`‡K Pvjv‡j Dnv †mvRv Aci cv‡i wM‡q †c․Qv‡e| Ans : 1200
25. `ywU KYv h_vµ‡g 12ms 1 I 20ms 1 †e‡M 1200 †Kv‡Y wµqv K‡i †Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y‡K AwZµg K‡i| 4s c‡i Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi `~iZ¡ KZ
n‡e? Ans .112 m
26. GKwU e¯‧ KYvi †eM 6ms 1 | Zvi MwZi mv‡_ 900 †Kv‡Y 2ms 2 Gi GKwU Z¡iY wµqv K‡i| 4s ci KYvwUi †eM I miY KZ n‡e?
Ans.10ms 1;28.84m
n‡j
Top Tricks n‡j
jwä Aek¨B R max I R min Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e ; R max  P  Q ; R min  P ~ Q
27. 8N I 8N gv‡bi `ywU e‡ji gaëZx© †KvY 120˚| jwäi mv‡_ †h †Kvb GKwUi gaëZx© †KvY KZ?
Short: θ=1200 Ges P=Q n‡j, R=P=Q n‡e|
28. `ywU †f±i ivwki cÖ‡Z¨KwUi gvb 5 GKK| Giv ci¯úi 120˚ †Kv‡Y †_‡K GKB mv‡_ †Kvb we›`y‡Z wµqvkxj| G‡ì jwäi gvb KZ n‡e?
Soln: jwäi gvb, R = P 2  Q 2  2PQ cos  = 52  52  2.5.5 cos120  = 5 GKK Ans.
Energy MCQ Technic: θ=1200 Ges P=Q n‡j, R=P=Q n‡e|
      
29.O we›`y‡Z †f±i P I †f±i Q wµqvkxj| G‡ì jwä †f±i R | †f±i P I †f±i Q Gi gaëZx© †KvY | †f±i R I †f±i P gaëZx©
 
†KvY |  = 180˚ n‡j,  = 90˚ n‡e hLb- C. Q = P
30. evqy DËi c~e© w`‡K c~e© w`‡Ki mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y 12 ms-1 ‡e‡M cÖevwnZ n‡‪Q |
(i)evqyi †e‡Mi c~e© w`‡Ki Dcvsk | Solve : 12 cos
(ii) evqyi †e‡Mi DËi w`‡Ki Dcvsk Solve : DËi w`‡Ki mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY =
 DËi w`‡Ki Dcvsk = 12cos
Energy MCQ Exclusive:
jb †ivjv‡ii †ÿ‡Î hw` Avbyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ ‡Kv‡Y †Vjv ev Uvbv nq|
‡Vjvi †ÿ‡Î Uvbvi †ÿ‡Î
IRb e„w× ev n«vm e„w× ( IRb n«vm (
AvcvZ IRb ( (
MwZ m„wóKvix ej
 ‡Vjv I Uvbvi IR‡bi cv_©K¨ (
31.GKwU jb †ivjvi‡K 50 N e‡j 30 †Kv‡Y Uvbv n‡‪Q| jb †ivjv‡ii fi 10kg|
i) G mgq jb †ivjv‡ii IRb KZ Abyf~Z n‡e| ii) jb ‡ivjv‡ii IRb e„w× ev n«vm KZ? iii) MwZ m„wóKvix ej KZ?
Solve:
i) AvcvZ IRb ( ( (
ii) MwZ m„wóKvix ej
iii) IRb e„w× ( (
32.GKwU jb‡ivjvi Uvbv I †Vjvi Rb¨ Avbyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 †Kv‡Y 20N ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| Uvbvi mgq IRb †Vjv A‡c¶v Kg n‡e-
‡Vjv I Uvbvi IR‡bi cv_©K¨ ( (
33.GKwU Kv‡Vi LÐ‡K Avbyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 60 †Kv‡Y 200Nej Øviv Uvbv n‡‪Q| e¯‧wUi Dci Avbyf‚wg‡Ki w`‡K Kvh©Kvix ej KZ?
Soln: ej GKwU †f±i ivwk| AbyfwzgK w`‡K e†ji Dcvs‡ki gvb, Fx = Fcos = 200 cos600 = 100N Ans.
34. GKwU jb †ivjvi †Vjv ev Uvbvi mgq Zzwg Gi nvZ‡j Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ †Kv‡b 19.6 N ej cÖ‡qvM KiQ| GUv Uvbv A‡cÿvK…Z mnR
KviY Gi IRb ZLb K‡g ― C.
Solve:IRb K‡g

LAMBDA
        
38. wZbwU †f±i, a, b I c , hv‡ì gvb h_vµ‡g 4, 3 Ges 5, †hvM Ki‡j ïb¨ nq A_©vr a  b  c  0 | Zvn‡j | c  (a  b) | Gi gvb
n‡jvt B. 60
       π
39. †f±i A, B I C Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 12, 5 I 13 Ges A  B  C | A I B †f±iØ‡qi gaëZx© †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?A.
2
40. wZbwU mgvb ej GKwU we›`y‡Z wµqv K‡i H we›`y‡K mvg¨ve¯vq †i‡L‡Q| ej¸wji AšÍf³
‚© †KvY¸wji gvb †KvbwU ? C.
Solve: n msL¨vK mgvb e‡ji wµqvi mvg¨ve¯v n‡j cici `ywU e‡ji AšÍM©Z †KvY ( ) ( )
41.10 GKK gv‡bi GKwU †f±i‡K `yBwU j¤^ Dcvs‡k wef³ Kivq GKwUi gvb 8 GKK cvIqv †Mj| AciwUi gvb KZ?
Soln: jwäi gvb, R= R 2x  R 2y  10= 82  R 2y  Ry= 102  82  6 Ans.
42. ‡mªv‡Zi †e‡Mi gv‡bi 2 ¸Y gv‡bi †e‡M muvZvi †K‡U GKRb muvZviæb`xi Aci cv‡o ‡mvRvmywR wM‡q †cuvQj| b`xi Zx‡ii mv‡_ mvZviæi †e‡Mi
bwZ wbY©q Ki| C. 135 º
43. ⃗ , mgxKiY n‡Z nj -
A.ïaygvÎ Gi mv‡_ j¤^ B. ïaygvÎ ⃗ Gi Dci j¤^ C. I ⃗ Df‡qi Dci j¤^ D. q I ⃗ Dci j¤^
44. hw` ⃗ ⃗ , Z‡e G‡ì gaëZx© †KvY? A. π
45.
   
Dc‡ii wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K A  B A  B Gi gvb 13.25N (⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ) Gi m‡e©v‪P gvb KZ? √
Gi gvb I (iii)
MwZwe`¨v( Dynamics)
Prob GK e¨w³ u †e‡M A n‡Z B †Z wM‡q v †e‡M cybivq a Ae¯v‡b wd‡i Avmj| e¨w³wUi Mo‡eM KZ?
†gvU `~iZ¡
hvIqvi mgq Avmvq mgq  Mo‡eM = †gvU mgq =
Luvovfv‡e wbwÿß e¯‧i m‡e©v‪P we›`y‡Z †eM k~b¨| Zg †m‡K‡Û AwR©Z †eMB Z¡iY
ZK© Ki‡eb bv
Zg †m‡K‡Û AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡B †eM Snth = S(n–1)th + Z¡iY
GKwU nvév I GKwU fvix e¯‧‡K GKB D‪PZv n‡Z GKB mg‡q †d‡j w`‡j `ywU e¯‧ GKB mg‡q GKB †e‡M f‚wg‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡e | GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ci
e¯‧Ø‡qi †eM mgvb n‡e |
M¨vwjwjIÕi m~Î:
v v h h
vt, A_©vr, 1 = 2  ht2, A_©vr 21 = 22 h+h  (2t–1)
t1 t2 t1 t2
Prob: 5 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧ gy³ fv‡e wb‡Pi w`‡K co‡Q| e¯‧wUi
(i) 1, 2 I 3 †m‡K‡Û `yi‡Z¡i AbycvZ KZ?
Solve:
(ii) 1g, 2q I 3q †m‡K‡Û `yi‡Z¡i AbycvZ

Solve: (
( ( ( (
02. GKwU cv_i‡K w¯i Ae¯vq GKwU DPz `vjvb †_‡K †Q‡o †Ìqv nj| f~wg‡Z ‡c․uQv‡Z cv_iwUi 4 s Gi †ewk mgq jv‡M| evZv‡mi Nl©Y ÿz`ª n‡j
cv_iwUi cÖ_g 4 s mg‡q cZ‡bi `~iZ¡ Ges cÖ_g 2 s mg‡q cZ‡bi `~i‡Z¡i AbycvZ KZ? [DU: 12–13]
A. 1/4 B. 4/1 C. 1/2 D. 2/1
†K›`ªgyLx I †K›`ªwegyLx ej
e„Ëc‡_ N~Y©vqgvb e¯‧i wZbwU Z¡iY _v‡K|

(1) ‡K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY (2) ‡K›`ªwegyLx Z¡iY (3) ¯úkx©q Z¡iY
* ‣iwLK c‡_ mg‡ek Pjgvb e¯‧i Z¡iY k~b¨| wKš‧ e„Ëc‡_ mg`ªæwZ‡Z N~Y©vqgvb e¯‧i Z¡iY k~b¨ nq bv| wZbwU Z¡iY _v‡K|

LAMBDA
1) †K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY 2) †K›`ªwegyLx Z¡iY 3) ¯úk©xq Z¡iY *mg‡e‡M e„Ëc‡_ N~Y©vqgvb e¯‧i †K․wYK Z¡iY k~b¨|
05. aiv hvK ,GK e¨w³ †NvlYv Kij †h, m~‡h© cÖPÛ we‡ùviY N‡U‡Q| †Zvgv‡K KZÿY A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e GUv wbwZfv‡e eyS‡Z †h H K_v wg_¨v? (m~h ©
†_‡K c„w_exi `~iZ¡ 1.5108 km)
s 1.5  10 8  1000
Soln: Av†jv mg‡e‡M P‡j | mg‡e‡Mi †ÿ‡Î, t = = = 500 s Ans.
v 3  10 8
06. AvKv‡k †g‡N †g‡N Nl©‡Yi d‡j DrcYœ we`y¨r PgKv‡bv †`Lvi 5s c‡i †g‡Ni MR©b †kvbv †Mj| KZ`~‡i we`y¨r Pg‡K wQj? evZv‡m k‡ãi `ªæwZ I
Av‡jvi `ªæwZ h_vµ‡g 344ms-1 I 3  108 ms 1
Soln: kã mg‡e‡M P‡j | mg‡e‡Mi †ÿ‡Î, s= vt = 344×5=1720m Ans.
07. 10N Gi GKwU ej 2 kg fi wewkó GKwU w¯i e¯‧i Dci wµqv K‡i| hw` 4s ci e‡ji wµqv eÜ n‡q hvq, Z‡e cÖ_g †_‡K 8 †m‡K‡Û e¯‧wU
KZ `~i hv‡e?
F 10 1
Soln: a = = = 5 ms–2  v = at = 5  4 = 20 ms–1  s1 =  5  42 = 40 m
m 2 2
 s2 = vt = 20  4 = 80 m  s = s1+s2= 40 + 80 = 120 m Ans.
10. 50 kg f‡ii GK e¨w³ 1950 kg f‡ii GKwU Mvwo w¯ive¯v †_‡K cÖ_g 10 †m‡K‡Û mgZ¡i‡Y Pvjvj| AZtci 10 wgwbU mg‡e‡M Pvjv‡bi ci
†eªK †P‡c 1 †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ Mvwo _vgvj| hvÎv ïiæi 4 †m‡K‡Û ci Mvwoi †eM 8ms 1 n‡j Mvwo KZ…©K AwZµvšÍ †gvU `~iZ¡ Ges Mvwo _vgv‡Z cÖhy³
e‡ji gvb †ei Ki| Ans.12110 m; 40 .000 N
1
Solve: প্রথম অংশ ⟶10 সসকেন্ড সমত্বরকে চলকে- s1  ut  12 at = 0  10   2 102  100m
2
2
1
10 সসকেন্ড সমত্বরকে চলার পর তার সেগ হকে v  u  at  0  2 10  20ms
২য় অংশ⟶১০ মমমিট সমকেকগ চলকে- সমত্বরকের সশষ সেগ= সম সেকগর সেগ
s 2  vt  20  10  60  12000m
vt 20 1
৩য় অংশ⟶১ সসকেন্ড সমমন্দকি চলকে- s 3    10m
2 2
সকেবাকমাট অমতক্রান্ত `~iZ¡ = s1+s2+s3=100+12000+10=12110m
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K 196ms 1 †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nj|
20 †m: c‡i e¯‧wUi †eM KZ? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
Soln: v = u – gt = 196 – 9.8  20 = 0.0 ms–1 Ans.
ii  e¯‧wU me©vwaK KZ D‪PZvq †c․Qv‡e? Ans.1960 m
= 1960 m
iii  e¯‧wU KZ mgq ci cÖv_wgK Ae¯v‡b wd‡i Avm‡e? Ans.40 s
= 40 sce
(iv) KZ ÿY ci e¯‧wU Abyf‚wgK eivei Pj‡Z ïiæ Ki‡e?
(v) e¯‧wU KZ †e‡M f‚wg‡K AvNvZ Ki‡e?

†h †e‡M †mvRv Dci w`‡K Qz‡o †Ìqv nq cv_iwU †m †e‡M f‚wg‡K AvNvZ Ki‡e|Ans: 196ms 1
03. ‡Kvb wgbv‡ii Dci †_‡K GKwU gv‡e©j †mvRv wb‡Pi w`‡K †d‡j †`qv n‡jv| gv‡e©jwU f~wg ¯úk© Kivi c~e©eZx© †m‡K‡Û 34.3 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg
K‡i| wgbviwUi D‪PZv KZ?
1 1 1 1
Soln: ht th= g(2t–1)34.3=  9.8  (2t–1)  t = 4s;h= gt2=  9.8 42= 78.4 m Ans.
2 2 2 2
04. eûZj wewkó GKwU Qv‡ì wKbviv n‡Z GKwU cv_i‡K †Q‡o w`‡j cv_iwU f~wg‡Z covi 2 sec c~‡e© `vjv‡bi Qv` †_‡K 44.1 m wb‡P †b‡g Av‡m|
f~wg‡Z G‡m co‡Z cv_iwUi KZ mgq jvM‡e?
2h 2  44.1
Soln: 44.1m wb‡P bvg‡Z mgq, t = =  3s f‚wg‡Z G‡m co‡Z mgq = 3 + 2 = 5 sec Ans.
g 9.8
07. GKwU ej‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nj|GwU 6s c‡i gvwU‡Z c‡o|
me©vwaK D‪PZvq DV‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
Soln: wePiYKvj: T = 2t m‡e©v‪P D‪PZvq DV‡Z mgq, t = T/2= 6/2= 3s Ans.
e¯‧wU‡K KZ †e‡M Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡qwQj?

LAMBDA
10.GKwU e¯‧ w¯i Ae¯v n‡Z wb‡Pi w`‡K co‡Q| e¯‧wU GKwU wbw`©ó †m‡K‡Û 14.7 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| cieZx© †m‡K‡Û Bnv KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e?
Soln: 14.7+9.8= 24.5 m Ans.
01.GKwU e¯‧ 5 th †m‡K‡Û 50 m Ges 10 th †m‡K‡Û 100 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| e¯‧wU (K) Z¡iY, (L) Avw` †eM Ges (M) 20 s G AwZµvšÍ`~iZ¡
wbY©q Ki| Ans.10ms 2 , 5ms 1, 2100m
01.GKwU e¯‧ 50 m Dci n‡Z AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b c‡o 3m cyiæ‡Z¡i evjy †f` Kivi ci †eM A‡a©K nq| e¯‧wU evwji Avi KZ Mfx‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e?
( (
2
02.GKwU ¸wj GKwU †`qv‡ji wfZi 4cm cÖ‡ek Kivi ci †eM Ask Aewkó _v‡K/33% †eM nvivq| ¸wjwU †`qv‡ji wfZi Avi KZ `~i cÖ‡ek
3
Ki‡e?Ans:
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K 180 m D‪P GKwU wgbv‡ii P~ov n‡Z †d‡j †`qv nj| GKB mg‡q Ab¨ GKwU e¯‧‡K 60ms 1 †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡¶c
Kiv nj| KLb I †Kv_vq Zviv wgwjZ n‡e?
wgwjZ nIqvi mgq c
Pr ob . GKwU †Uªb w¯ive¯v †_‡K 10ms Z¡i‡Y Pj‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| GKB mg‡q GKwU Mvwo 100ms 1 mg‡e‡M †Uª‡bi mgvšÍiv‡j Pjv ïiæ Kij| †Uªb
2
MvwowU‡K KLb wc‡Q †dj‡e?

2. GKwU Li‡Mvk 5ms–1 MwZ‡Z Pj‡Q| Li‡Mv‡ki 30 m wcQb †_‡K GKwU KzKzi 10 ms–1 MwZ‡Z Li‡Mvk‡K aivi Rb¨ †`․uov‡Z ïiæ Kij|
KZ mgq c‡i KzKziwU Li‡Mvk‡K ai‡e?
Soln: awi, t mgq c‡i KzKziwU Li‡MvkwU‡K ai‡e| t mg‡q Li‡Mv‡ki AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, s1 = vt = 5t
t mg‡q KzKziwUi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, s2 = vt = 10t; kZ©g‡Z, s2 = s1 + 30  10t = 5t + 30  t = 6s Ans.
04. GKwU evN 8 m wgUvi m¤§y‡L GKwU nwiY‡K †`L‡Z †c‡q w¯ive¯v n‡Z 1ms 2 Z¡i‡Y Zvi †cQ‡b †`․uov‡Z _v‡K| nwiYwU †Ui †c‡q
3ms 1 mg‡e‡M Pj‡Z _vK‡j KZÿY c‡i I KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµ‡g evNwU nwiYwU‡K ai‡Z cvi‡e? Ans : 8s, 32 m
t=0 ev Avw` mg‡q
Avw` Abyf~wgK †eM
Avw` Dj¤^ †eM
t=t ev ‡h‡Kvb mg‡q
Abyf~wgK †eM vx
Dj¤^ †eM vy
†eM v
√
√( (
MwZc‡_i ‣ewkó¨t
1. Dj¤^ Z‡j mxgve× 2. wØgvwÎK 3.eµMwZ
= 0 n‡j ev Abyf~wgK 4. mgZ¡iY wewkó 5. MwZc_ Awae„ËvKvi
√ (
mgvšÍiv‡j wb‡ÿc Ki‡j me©vwaK D‪PZvq †eM I Z¡i‡Yi gaëZ©x †KvY=900
me©vwaK D‪PZvq †eM I MwZkw³ me©wbæ |
†eM I MwZkw³ m‡e©v‪Pt MwZc‡_i me†P‡q wb‡Pi we›`y‡Z
†Kgb n‡et vy vs t , vx vs t graph
me©vwaK D‪PZvq Emin=Ecos2
;
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K f~wgi mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y 40ms 1 †e‡M wb‡¶c Kiv n‡jv|
i) 2 sec c‡i Abyf~wgK †eM I Dj¤^ ‡eM KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
Sovle: Abyf~wgK †eM:
Dj¤^ †eM:
ii  2s ci e¯‧wUi †eM KZ n‡e? Solve: √ √
02. GKwU dzUej‡K f~wgi mv‡_ 30˚ †Kv‡Y 30 ms–1 †e‡M wKK Kiv n‡jv| 1 sec c‡i dzUe‡ji †e‡Mi gvb KZ n‡e?
Soln: Abyf~wgK †eM, vx = u cos = 30cos 30˚ = 25.98 ms–1;
Dj¤^ †eM, vy = usin – gt = 30 sin 30˚– 9.81 = 5.2 ms–1
 1s c‡i †eM, v = v 2x  v 2y = (25.98) 2  (5.2) 2 = 26.495 ms–1  v = 26.495 ms–1 Ans.
03. GKwU ‡evgviƒ wegvb 147ms 1 †e‡M Abyf~wgK eivei Pjvi c‡_ 490 m D‪Pz n‡Z GKwU †evgv †d‡j †`qv nj| evqyi euvav D‡cÿv K‡i †evgvwU
LAMBDA
a. KLb gvwU‡Z cwZZ n‡e b. †Kv_vq gvwU‡Z cwZZ n‡e ‡h‡nZz c.‡djvi gyn~Z© n‡Z 5s ci †evgvi `ªæwZ wbY©q Ki?
Ans .t  10 s ,S  1470 m `~‡i gvwU‡Z cwZZ n‡e, `ªwZ v  154.95ms 1
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K f~wgi mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡b 40ms 1 ‡e‡M Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nj|
1
me©vwaK D‪PZvq †eM/me©wb¤œ †eM KZ? Ans: 20ms
e¯‧i Avw` MwZ kw³ E n‡j me©wb¤œ MwZ kw³?
me©vwaK D‪PZvq Dj¤^ Ges Abyf~wgK †eM? Ans: 0,20ms 1
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K f~wgi mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡b 40ms 1 ‡e‡M wb‡ÿc Kiv nj| e¯‧i me©wb¤œ MwZkw³ KZ?Solve:
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K f~wgi mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y 40ms 1 †e‡M wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|
i  Abyf~wgK cvjøv I me©vwaK D‪PZv wbY©q Ki? Solve : Abyf~wgK cvjøv R  v sin 2 v 0 sin 2 
2 2
0
me©vwaK D‪PZv H 
g 2g
ii wb‡ÿcY †KvY KZ n‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøv me©vwaK D‪PZvi mgvb n‡e?
( ) Ans.760
iii me©vwaK D‪PZvq DV‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? Solve : t 

V sin 
g
0
ivwb‡ÿcY †KvY KZ n‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøvi gvb m‡e©v‪P n‡e? Ans.45 0
v wb‡ÿcY †Kvb KZ n‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøv 141 .37 m n‡e|

07. GKwU cÖv‡mi Abyf~wgK cvjøv 79.53 m Ges wePiYKvj 5.3 s| wb‡ÿcY †eM I wb‡ÿcY †KvY wbY©q Ki|
 g T2   9.8  5.3 2 
1 

Sol : wb‡ÿcY †KvY,  = taN~  2 R  =
n
taN~  2  79.53  = 60˚
1
   
2u sin  gT 9.8  5.3
wePiYKvj, T = u=  = 30 ms–1 Ans.
g 2 sin  2 sin 60 0
1. ‡eM GKB n‡j θ Ges 90  θ †Kv‡Y GKB Abyf~wgK cvjøv cvIqv
0

hvq| θ Ges (  ) †Kv‡Y wb‡ÿc Ki‡j
2
2.GKwU e¯‧‡K †h †e‡M Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nq wVK GKB †e‡M f~wg‡Z Abyf~wgK cvjøvi AbycvZ=1:1
Av‡m
Note: 1
wePiY Kv‡ji AbycvZ  sin θ : cos θ  tan θ : 1
3. tan 4 /760 ‡Kv‡Y wb‡ÿc Ki‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøv me©vwaK D‪PvZvi mgvb| me©vwaK D‪PZvi AbycvZ
wb‡ÿcY †KvY KZ n‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøvi gvb m‡e©v‪P n‡e? Ans.450
:
Energy MCQ Technic

01. GKwU e¯‧ †K 30 †Kv‡Y wb‡ÿc Ki‡j GwU 50m `~iZ¡¡ AwZµg K‡i| GKB †e‡M 60 †Kv‡Y wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †m KZUyKz `~iZ¡ AwZµg
Ki‡e?
50 3
A. 50m B. 100m C. D. 25m
2
e¨vL¨v: ‡eM GKB n‡j θ Ges 90  θ †Kv‡b GKB Abyf~wgK cvjøv cvIqv hvq|
0
02. GKwU e¯‧‡K 45 †Kv‡Y wb‡ÿc Ki‡j †mwU 100m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| e¯‧wU‡K m‡e©v‪P KZ D‪PZvq cvVv‡bv hv‡e?
A. 100m B. 50m C. 25m D. 200m
Solve: ev
03. GKwU N‡ii D‪PZv 100 m| H Ni n‡Z GKwU ej wZh©Kfv‡e wb‡ÿc K‡i ej m‡e©v‪P KZ`~‡i cvVv‡bv hv‡e|
A. 25 m B. 400 m C. 200 m D. 50 m
Solve: ev

LAMBDA
wbDUwbqvb ejwe`¨v ( Newtonian Mechanics)

Pvi ai‡bi †g․wjK e‡ji Zzjbvt
ej Avwe®‥viK/mvj `vqxKYv KviY I djvdj ZxeªZv cvjøv

gnvKl© ej gnvwe‡k¦i `ywU e¯‧i g‡a¨ hvi d‡j ci¯úi 1
wbDUb ‡MÖwfUb Amxg
ci¯úi‡K AvKl©Y K‡i|
`ye©j wbDK¬xq ej Gbwi‡Kv dvwg© 1030
wbDwUª‡bv wbDwK¬qv‡m hvi d‡j ÿq  nq| 10-16
1933
Zwor Pz¤^Kxq ej Zwor I †P․¤^K †ÿ‡Î hyMcr fv‡e Ae¯vb 1040
g¨v· I‡qj ‡dvUb
Ki‡Q
‡Rgm weqK©b I wbDwK¬qv‡m hvi d‡j wbDwK¬qvm¸‡jv
mej wbDK¬xq ej
wc dvBg¨vb
†gmb
ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ `„p fv‡e Ave× _v‡K
1042 1015 m
ZxeªZvi AbycvZ : 1: 1030 : 1040: 1042 or 10-42 : 10-12 : 10-2 : 1

wbDU‡bi MwZ m~Î:
1g m~Î: wee„wZ: evwn¨K ej wµqvkxj bv n‡j, w¯i e¯‧ w¯i _vK‡e, MwZkxj e¯‧ mg‡e‡M Pj‡e|
(e‡ji msÁv wb‡`©kK m~Î) aviYv cvIqv hvq RoZv I e‡ji
fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi cÖhy³ e‡ji mgvbycvwZK| ej †hw`‡K wµqv K‡i fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b
2q m~Î: wee„wZ: I †mw`‡K N‡U| F=ma
(ej cwigv‡ci I cÖK…wZ ej _vK‡j Z¡iY _vK‡e, ej k~b¨ n‡j Z¡iY k~b¨ | A_©vr e¯‧wU mg‡e‡M Pj‡e
wb‡`©‡ki m~Î) e‡ji AwfgyL, cwigvc, ¸YMZ •ewkó¨, Z¡i‡Yi m‡½ e‡ji m¤úK©, GKK ej, e‡ji GKK Ges
aviYv cvIqv hvq
e‡ji wbi‡cÿbxwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cviv hvq
wee„wZ: cÖ‡Z¨K wµqviB mgvb I wecixZ cÖwZwµqv Av‡Q|
3q m~Î: 1| fi‡e‡Mi wbZ¨Zv m~Î/ fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY wewa 2| wewfbœ cÖKvi wµqv cÖwZwµqv: Uvb-
aviYv cvIqv hvq
e‡ji cvi¯úvwiK wµqvi ‡Ubmb-av°v-AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y-Nl©Y| 3| i‡K‡Ui DÇqb
m~Î D`vniY: i. ‡Uwe‡ji Dci eB _vKv ii. e›`yK n‡Z ¸wj †Qvuov iii.‡b․Kv †_‡K jvd †`qv iv.cv‡q nvuUv
v.e¨v‡U e‡j AvNvZ vi.f~wgi Dci `vuov‡bv vii. ‡Nvovi Mvwo Uvbv
fi LyeB Kg
wbDU‡bi MwZm~‡Îi KYvi †eM hLb A‡bK †ewk
mxgve×Zv mg~n:- e¯‧i Z¡iY hLb Lye Kg (< 10-10 ms-2) nq
N~b©biZ KvVv‡gv, ZwoZ KvVv‡gv
c~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK msN‡l©i †ÿ‡Î:
we‡kl †ÿÎ: 1. m1 = m2 n‡j u1 = v2, u2 = v1 2. u2 = 0 n‡j v1 = 0, v2 = u1 3. m2 >>> m1 n‡j v1 = - u1,
myZivs hw` †Kvb nvjKv e¯‧ †Kvb eû¸Y fvixi w¯i e¯‧i mv‡_ msNl© K‡i, Z‡e fvix e¯‧wU Kvh©Z w¯iB _v‡K Ges nvjKv e¯‧wU cÖvq mgvb †e‡M wecixZ w`‡K
Quy‡U hvq| 1. m1 >> m2 n‡j, v1 = u1, Ges v2 = 2u2
A_©vr nvjKv e¯‧i mv‡_ fvix e¯‧i msNl© NU‡j msN‡l©i ci fvix e¯‧i †eM AcwiewZ©Z wKš‧ nvjKv e¯‧ ‡eM wØ¸Y nq|
¯wZ¯vcK I Aw¯wZ¯vcK msNl©:
msN‡l©i Av‡M I c‡i `ywU e¯‧i Av‡cwÿK †eM AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K †mB msNl©‡K c~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK msNl© e‡j|
w¯wZ¯vcK msN‡l©i Av‡M e¯‧ `ywUi †gvU MwZkw³ hv wQj msN‡l©i ú‡iI †gvU MwZkw³ GKB _v‡K|
msNl©: D`vniY: `ywU Kuv‡Pi ev B¯úv‡Zi e‡ji msNl© c~Y©w¯wZ¯vcK msNl© nq|
‡h msN‡l©i ci e¯‧ `ywU ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ n‡q GK e¯‧iƒ‡c Pj‡Z _v‡K A_©vr ‡h msN‡l©i ci e¯‧`ywUi Av‡cwÿK †eM k~Y¨ nq,
Aw¯wZ¯vcK Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK msNl© e‡j|
msNl©: *msN‡l©i Av‡M I c‡i MwZkw³ msiwÿZ nq bv| *fi‡eM msiwÿZ nq|
AvswkK ‡h msN‡l©i ci e¯‧ `ywU hy³ bv n‡q ci¯úi n‡Z wew‪Qbœ n‡q hvq, wKš‧ msN‡l©i ci Zuv‡ì Av‡cwÿK †eM msN‡l©i Av‡Mi
w¯wZ¯vcK Av‡cwÿK ‡e‡Mi †P‡q Kg nq, Zv‡ì AvswkK w¯wZ¯vcK msNl© e‡j| GB ai‡Yi msN‡l© MwZkw³ msiwÿZ nq bv| msN‡l©i mgq
msNl©: wKQz MwZkw³ Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ev¯Í‡e mvaviYZ GB ai‡Yi msNl©B N‡U|

LAMBDA
1 e¨vmva© †ewkevK KgKg †Kv‡Y †nj‡Z n‡e|  e¨vmva© KgevK †ewk‡ewk †Kv‡Y †nj‡Z n‡e|
tan  
r
†ewk †e‡M †gvo wb‡Z n‡j †ewk †Kv‡Y †nj‡Z n‡e
‡ewk evuK A_©vr Kg e¨vmv‡a¨©i iv¯‭vq Av‡ivnx‡K Kg †e‡M †gvo wb‡Z n‡e |
01. 2800 N f‡ii GKwU e¯‧i Dci KZ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Gi †eM cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 15ms 1 nv‡i e„w× cv‡e/Z¡iY 15ms 1 n‡e|
2800
Soln: Solve : m   285.71; F  ma  285 .71  15  4285 .65 N
9.8
02. GKwU ej 4kg fi wewkó GKwU w¯i e¯‧i Dci wµqv K‡i| Gi d‡j e¯‧wU 6s G 30ms 1 †eM cÖvß nq| e‡ji gvb KZ?
v 30
Soln: Solve : F  m  4  N  20N
t 6
03. 5kg fi wewkó GKwU e¯‧ GKwU Kv‡Vi UzKivq 2s P‡j 5 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg Kivi ci †_‡g hvq| Zvi Dci evavRwbZ e‡ji gvb KZ?
2s 2s
Soln: F  ma  m 2  5  2  12.5m
t 2
5
05. GKwU Mjd e‡ji IRb kg; PvwjZ nIqvi ci gyn~‡Z© Dnvi †eM 225 ms–1 n‡j; Nv‡Zi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
48
5
Soln: Nv‡Zi cwigvY, J = m(v–u) =  (225 - 0) = 23.44 kg. ms–1 Ans.
48
06. hw` 5gm f‡ii ey‡jU GKwU e›`y‡Ki 20cm e¨v‡i‡ji g‡a¨ 400ms-1 †eM cÖvß nq, Zvn‡j Z¡iY m„wóKvix ej KZ?
v2 (400) 2
Soln: Z¡iY m„wóKvix ej, F = ma = m = 510-3 = 2000 N Ans.
2s 2  0.2
07. 10 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧i Dci `ywU ej ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e wµqv K‡i| ej `ywUi gvb h_vµ‡g 0.03 N I 0.04 N n‡j e¯‧wUi Z¡iY KZ n‡e?
Soln: e¯‧i Dci cÖhy³ jw× ej, F= ma  0.032  0.042  10  a ; Z¡iY, a = 5  10 3 ms 2 Ans.
08. (a) 1kg f‡ii GKwU nvZzwo Abyf‚wgK Kv‡Vi Dci Dj¤^fv‡e iw¶Z GKwU †c‡iK‡K Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K 0.8 ms–1 †e‡M AvNvZ Kivq †c‡iKwU
Kv‡Vi wfZi 0.02 m Xz‡K hvq| Mo evuav`vbKvix ej wbY©q Ki|
(b) 1kg f‡ii GKwU nvZzwo Kv‡Vi Dci Dj¤^fv‡e iw¶Z GKwU †c‡iK‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K 1 ms–1 †e‡M AvNvZ Kivi d‡j †c‡iKwU 1 cm Xz‡K hvq|
Mo evav`vbKvix ej wbY©q Ki|
(c) 2kg f‡ii GKwU nvZzwo †`qv‡ji mv‡_ Awfj¤^fv‡e iw¶Z GKwU †c‡iK‡K KZ †e‡M Abyf‚wgKfv‡e AvNvZ Ki‡j †c‡iKwU 640 N ej
cÖwZ‡iva K‡i †`qv‡ji wfZi 0.025 m Xz‡K hvq?
u2 (0.8) 2 u2 (1) 2
Soln: (a) F = m + mg = 1  + 1 9.8 = 25.8 N (b) F = m – mg = 1  – 1 9.8 = 40.2 N
2s 2  0.02 2s 2  0.01
u2 2sF 2  0.025  640
(c) F = m u = = = 4 ms–1 Ans.
2s m 2
06. Abyf‚wgK w`‡K MwZkxj 50 gm f‡ii GKwU †MvjK 20 cms–1 †e‡M GKwU †`qv‡j j¤^fv‡e av°v †L‡q 20 cms–1 †e‡M wecixZ w`‡K wd‡i †Mj|
†MvjKwU †`qv‡ji ms¯ú‡k© 0.02 s mgq _vK‡j †`qvj KZ…©K cÖhy³ e‡ji Mo gvb KZ? Ans: 105 dyne
07. Abyf‚wgK w`‡K MwZkxj 2 kg f‡ii GKwU †j․n †MvjK 5 ms †e‡M GKwU †`qv‡j j¤^fv‡e av°v †L‡q 3 ms–1 †e‡M wecixZ w`‡K wd‡i †Mj|
–1
e‡ji NvZ KZ? Ans:|J| = 16 kgms–1

02. 200 kg f‡ii GKwU w¯i †b․Kvi MjyB †_‡K 20 kg Ges 25 kg f‡ii `ywU †Q‡j h_vµ‡g 10 ms–1 Ges 8 ms–1 †e‡M GKB w`‡K jvd w`‡j
†b․KvwU KZ †e‡M Pj‡Z ïiy Ki‡e?
Soln: fi‡e‡Mi msi¶Y m~Î Abyhvqx, MV= m1v1 + m2v2 200 V = 20  10 + 25  8  V = 2 ms–1 Ans.
03. 5 †gwUªK Ub f‡ii evjy †evSvB GKwU UªvK 20 ms–1 †e‡M PjwQj| PjšÍ Ae¯vq cÖwZ wgwb‡U Uªv‡Ki wQ`ª w`‡q 20 kg evjy wb‡P c‡o hvq| 5
min c‡o Uªv‡Ki †eM KZ n‡e?
mu 5000  20
Soln:fi‡e‡Mi msi¶Y m~Î Abyhvqx, m1u =m2v5min c‡i Uªv‡Ki †eM,v= 1 = = 20.41ms–1
m2 (5000  20  5)
04. 10 kg I 1 kg f‡ii `ywU e¯‧ GKB mij‡iLv eivei wKš‧ wecixZ w`‡K Pjv Ae¯vq G‡K Aci‡K av°v w`j| av°vi c~‡e© Zv‡ì †eM h_vµ‡g 2
ms–1 (DËi w`‡K) I 6 ms–1 (`w¶Y w`‡K) wQj| av°vi ci 2q e¯‧wUi †eM 24 ms–1 †e‡M wcwQ‡q †M‡j, 1g e¯‧wUi †eM KZ n‡e?
m1u 1  m 2 u 2  m 2 v 2
Soln: fi‡e‡Mi msi¶Ym~Î Abyhvqx, m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1+ m2v2 1g e¯‧wUi †eM, v1 = =
m1
10  2  1  (6)  1  24
= -1ms–1 [‡eM(-ve)1g e¯‧wU `w¶Y w`‡K Pj‡e] Ans.
10
LAMBDA
02. 1200kg f‡ii GKwU Mvwo 20 ms 1 `ªæwZ‡Z PjwQj| AZci MvwowU 800kg f‡ii GKwU w¯i Mvwo‡K av°v w`j| av°vi ci Mvwo `ywU
GKwÎZ n‡q 120 m wcQwj‡q †_‡g †Mj| evav`vbKvix e‡ji gvb KZ?
03. 4kg f‡ii GKwU nuvmcvwL GKwU Mv‡Qi Wv‡j e‡m Av‡Q| cvwLwU‡K 20 g f‡ii GKwU ey‡jU 200 ms 1 †e‡M Abyf~wgKfv‡e AvNvZ Kij|
ey‡jUwU cvwLi g‡a¨ i‡q †M‡j cvwLwUi Abyf~wgK †eM KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
1 1
04. 300kg f‡ii †Kvb †b․Kvi `yB MjyB †_‡K 20kg Ges 25kg f‡ii `ywU evjK h_vµ‡g 3.25 ms Ges 2 ms †e‡M `yw`‡K jvd
-1
†`q| †b․KvwU KZ †e‡M †Kvb w`‡K Pj‡e? DËi: 0.05 ms †e‡M cÖ_g evj‡Ki w`‡K|
03. 15000 kg R¡vjvwbmn GKwU i‡K‡Ui fi nj 20,000 kg| i‡K‡Ui mv‡c‡¶ 3000 ms–1 `ªæwZ‡Z R¡vjvwb 200 kgs–1 nv‡i cy‡o| i‡KUwU hw`
Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbw¶ß n‡q _v‡K Z‡e- (i) i‡K‡Ui Dc‡ii w`‡K av°v (ii) wb‡¶‡ci mgq i‡K‡Ui Dci cÖhy³ jwä ej (iii) R¡vjvwb †kl nIqvi mgq m„ó
cÖhy³ jwä ej
dm
Soln: (i) i‡K‡Ui Dc‡ii w`‡K av°v, F = vr = 3000  200 = 6  105 N
dt
(ii) wb‡¶‡ci mgq i‡K‡Ui Dci cÖhy³ jwä ej = F ~ m0g = 6  105 ~ 20,0009.8=4.04105 N
(iii) R¡vjvwb †kl nIqvi mgq m„ó cÖhy³ jwä ej = F ~ mg = 6105– (20,000–15,000)  9.8 = 5.51105N
04. iwki mvnv‡h¨ 2 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K 1 ms–2 Z¡i‡Y Uvbv n‡‪Q| iwki Uvb KZ?
Soln: EaŸ©Mvgx wjd‡Ui †¶‡Î, F = m (g +a) = 2 (1 + 9.8) = 21.6 N Ans.
01. GKwU i‡KU cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 0.07kg R¡vjvwb LiP K‡i| i‡KU †_‡K wbM©Z M¨v‡mi †eM 100kms 1 n‡j i‡K‡Ui Dci KZ ej wµqv K‡i?
(GLv‡b AwfKl© e‡ji cÖfve D‡c¶v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i)| Ans:7  103 N
–1
02. GKwU i‡KU cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 60 gm R¡vjvwb LiP K‡i Ges H R¡vjvwb `» M¨vm 90 kms †e‡M i‡KU n‡Z wb®…všÍ nq| i‡K‡Ui Dci KZ ej
wµqv K‡i? Ans: 5.4  103 N
†¶Î RoZvi åvgK PµMwZi e¨vmva© I =

mK2
miy I mylg `‡Ûi ga¨we›`y w`‡q I Zvi •`‡N©ï Awfj¤^fv‡e AwZµvšÍ A‡¶i mv‡c‡¶ N~Y©vqgvb H `‡Ûi
m 2
RoZvi åvgK  I=
12
(ii) miy I mylg `‡Ûi GK cÖvšÍw`‡q I Zvi •`‡N©ï j¤^fv‡e AwZµvšÍ A‡¶i mv‡c‡¶ 1
Zvi RoZvi åvgK, I = m 2
3
(iii) wbR A‡¶i PZzw`©‡K N~Y©vqgvb GKwU wb‡iU †Pv‡Oi RoZvi åvgK, I = 1 2
mr
2
fvi‡K›`ªMvgx I Z‡ji j¤^ eivei A¶ mv‡c‡¶ AvqZvKvi cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK, m 2
I= (ℓ + b2)
12
wb‡iU †MvjK ev c„w_exi †¶‡Î RoZvi åvgK 2
I = mr2
5
01. GKwU N~Y©vqgvb wcZ‡ji wb‡iU †Mvj‡Ki fi 0.02 kg| N~Y©b A¶ n‡Z Gi `~iZ¡ 3 m| A¶ mv‡c‡¶ RoZvi åvgK wbY©q Ki|
2 2
Soln: RoZvi åvgK, I = mr2 =  0.02  32 = 0.072 kg-m2 Ans.
5 5
05. fvi‡K›`ªMvgx Ges Z‡ji mwnZ j¤^ eivei A¶ mv‡c‡¶ GKwU AvqZvKvi cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK 8kgm2| cvZwUi cÖ¯ 1m Ges fi 24 kg n‡j
•`N©¨ KZ?
1 1
Soln: RoZvi åvgK, I = m(ℓ2 + b2)  8 = 24 (ℓ2 + 12)  ℓ = 3 m Ans.
12 12
2
06. ‡Kvb A¶ mv‡c‡¶ GKwU e¯‧i RoZvi åvgK 200 kg.m | D³ A¶ mv‡c‡¶ e¯‧wUi PµMwZi e¨vmva© KZ? (e¯‧wUi IRb 19.6 N)
19.6 I I 200
Soln: e¯‧i fi, m =  2kg ; RoZvi åvgK,I = mK2  K2 = K= = = 10 m Ans.
9.8 m m 2
01|GKwU Mvwoi PvKv 10 min 50 s G 1300 eviNy‡i 1km c_ AwZµg K‡i| PvKvi i  cwiwa¯ KYvi ‣iwLK †eM ii  †K․wYK †eM iii  †K․wYK
K¤úv¼, ch©vq Kvj, 10 s ci †K․wYK miY wbY©q Ki?
Solve : i  cwiwa ii  cwiwa¯ Kbvi ‣iwLK †eM Ans  1.538ms 1 iii  †K․wYK †eM Ans  12.566rads1
iv  †K․wYK K¤úv¼ v  ch©vqKv vi  10 s ci †K․wYK miY Ans  12.566rads 1
02|GKwU •e`y¨wZK cvLv cÖwZ wgwb‡U 120 evi Ny‡i| 10 min ci •e`y¨wZK myBP eÜ Kiv nj| G‡Z 5s ci •e`y¨wZK cvLvwU eÜ n‡q †Mj|
i myBP eÜ Kivi c~‡e© †K․wYK †eM KZ wQj?/ †K․wYK K¤úv¼ ii  myBP eÜ Kivi c~‡e©i †K․wYK miY KZ? Ans  7539.82rad
iii  cvLvwUi eÜ nevi c~‡e© †K․wYK miY KZ n‡e? iv  myBP eÜ Kivi ci cvLvwU eÜ n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e?
LAMBDA
v  myBP eÜ Kivi 3s ci †eM KZ n‡e? (vi) cvLvwU eÜ nIqvi c~‡e© KZevi Nyi‡e?
–1
14. 1 m e¨vmv‡a©i e„Ëc‡_ 2 ms mg`ªæwZ‡Z Pjgvb GKwU Mvwoi †K․wYK `ªywZ KZ n‡e?
v 2
Soln: †K․wYK †eM,  = = = 2 rads–1 Ans.
r 1
Pr ob . GKwU avZe †Mvj‡Ki fi 6g GwU‡K 3m `xN© GKwU myZvi GK cÖv‡š— †eu‡a cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 4 evi Nyiv‡bv n‡‪Q| Gi †K․wYK fi‡eM KZ?
Pr ob . 0.25 kg f‡ii GKwU cv_i LÛ‡K e„ËvKvi c‡_ cÖwZ wgwb‡U 90 evi Nyiv‡j myZvi Dci KZ Uvb co‡e|
03. GKwU PvKwZ †Kvb gm„Y Z‡j N~Y©b¶g| N~Y©b A¶ PvKwZi †K›`ªMvgx I j¤^ eivei| A¶ mv‡c‡¶ Gi RoZvi åvgK 2 kg.m2| GKwU UK© cÖ‡qvM
Kivq PvKwZwU 5 cm w¯i Ae¯v n‡Z mg‡K․wYK Z¡i‡Y Ny‡i 10 rads–1 †K․wYK †eM m¤úbœ nq| U‡K©i cwigvY KZ?
 10
Soln: f = i + t †K․wYK Z¡iY,  = f = = 2 rads–2  UK©,  = I = 22 = 12.56 N-m Ans.
t 5
04. 40 gm f‡ii GKwU e¯‧ 3m e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ AveZ©b Ki‡Q| AveZ©bKvj 6.28s n‡j e¯‧wUi †K․wYK fi‡eM-
2 2 2
Soln: †K․wYK fi‡eM, L= mr2= m   r = 0.04 32= 0.36 kgm2s–1 Ans.
T 6.28
05. g½j MÖn m~h©‡K †K›`ª K‡i 2.281011 m e¨vmv‡a©i c‡_ Ny‡i a‡i wb‡q Gi †K․wYK fi‡eM wbY©q Ki| g½‡ji fi 6.461023 kg Ges
AveZ©b Kvj 5.94107 S.
2 2 2
Soln: †K․wYK fi‡eM,L=mr2=m r = 6.46  10 23   (2.28  1011 ) 2 =3.551039kgm2s-1 Ans.
T 5.94  10 7
09. 40 kg fi I 0.20 m e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU †ejbvKvi e¯‧ 2 ms–1 †e‡M Abyf‚wgK Z‡j Mov‡Z _v‡K|
(i) A‡¶i mv‡c‡¶ e¯‧wUi RoZvi åvgK KZ? (ii) e¯‧wUi †gvU MwZkw³ KZ?
1 2 1
Sol : (i) RoZvi åvgK, I = mr = 40(0.2) = 0.8 kgm2
n 2
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 v 1 1  2 
(ii) e¯‧wUi †gvU MwZkw³, E = mv2+ I2= mv2+ I   = 4022 + 0.8   = 120 J Ans.
2 2 2 2 r 2 2  0 .2 
11. c„w_ex hw` nVvr msKzwPZ nZ Ges Gi d‡j c„w_exi e¨vmva© A‡a©K n‡q †hZ Z‡e w`‡bi •`N©¨ 24 NÈvi cwie‡Z© KZ NÈv †ewk ev Kg nZ?
2 2 2 R 2 2 T 24
Soln: I1 1 = I2 2 mR2  = m   T1= 4T2T2= 1 = =6 hr  18 NÈv Kg nZ Ans.
5 T1 5 4 T2 4 4
06. 0.01 kg fi I 0.08 m •`‡N©ï GKwU `‡Ûi GK cÖv‡šÍi Pviw`‡K GKwU e¯‧ •`‡N©ï Awfj¤^fv‡e cÖwZ wgwb‡U 50 evi Nyi‡Q| Gi †K․wYK
MwZkw³ wbY©q Ki|
1 1 2N 2  50 5
Soln: I = mℓ2 = 0.01(0.08)2 = 2.13310–5 kgm-2;  = = = rads–1
3 3 t 60 3
2
1 2 1  5 
†K․wYK MwZkw³, E = I = 2.13310–5    = 2.9210–4 J Ans.
2 2  3 
08. c„w_ex wb‡Ri A‡¶i Pviw`‡K 24 NÈvq GKevi Ny‡i Av‡m| c„w_ex 6.37106 m e¨vmv‡a©i 5.981024 kg f‡ii †MvjK n‡j c„w_exi †K․wYK
MwZ kw³ KZ?
2 2 2 2
Soln: I = mr2 =  5.981024 (6.37106)2 = 9.71037 kgm2; = = = 7.2710–5 rads–1
5 5 T 24  60  60
1 2 1 –4 2
 c„w_exi †K․wYK MwZkw³, E = I = (9.710 ) (7.2710 ) = 2.561031 J Ans.
37
2 2
04. c„w_exi Pviw`‡K P‡›`ªi K¶c‡_i e¨vmva© cÖvq 3.85105 km Ges GKevi cÖ`w¶Y Ki‡Z mgq jv‡M 27.3 days|
(i) ch©ve„wËi nvi ev wd«Kz‡qÝx (ii) Puv‡ì Z¡i‡Yi gvb I w`K wbY©q Ki|
N 1
Soln: (i) wd«Kz‡qÝx, n = = = 4.24 10–7 Hz;
t 27.3  24  60  60
(ii) Puv‡ì Z¡i‡Yi gvb, a= 2r= (2n)2r = (2  4.23  10–7)2 3.85 108= 2.7310–3 ms–2 c„w_exi w`‡K Ans.
05. 50 gm f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K 40 cm `xN© GKwU myZvi GK cÖv‡šÍ †eu‡a e„Ëc‡_ cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 4 evi Nyiv‡bv n‡‪Q| †K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY KZ?
2
 2  4 
2
 2 N 
Soln: †K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY, a = 2r =   r=    0.40 = 252.66 ms–2 Ans.
 t   1 
09. c„w_exi wb‡Ri A‡¶i Dci N~Y©‡bi d‡j wbi¶‡iLvi †h †Kvb GKwU we›`yi Z¡iY KZ n‡e? [c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6.4106m]
2 2
 2   2  –2 –2
Soln: Z¡iY, a = 2 r =    r =    6.4  10 = 3.410 ms Ans.
6
 T   24  60  60 
10. GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn c„w_exi Lye wbKU w`‡q e„Ëc‡_ cwiågY Ki‡Q| 90 min-G GwU GKevi Ny‡i Avm‡j Gi Z¡iY KZ n‡e?

LAMBDA
[c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6.4  106 m]

2 2
 2   2 
Soln: Z¡iY, a = 2r =   r =    6.4  10 = 8.66 m/s Ans.
6 2
 T   90  60 
02. 100 m e¨v‡mi e„ËvKvi c‡_ †Kvb †gvUi mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx KZ †e‡M Nyi‡j Dj¤^ Z‡ji mv‡_ wZwb 30˚ †Kv‡Y AvbZ _vK‡eb?
v2
Soln: iv¯Ívi AvbwZ †KvY,  = tan-1 †eM, v = gr tan = 9.850tan 30˚ = 16.82 ms–1 Ans.
rg
05. GKwU †ijI‡q Uªv‡Ki fvi‡K›`ª †ij jvB‡bi †j‡fj n‡Z 0.80 m Dc‡i i‡q‡Q| †ijjvBb `ywUi `~iZ¡ 1.2 m, UªvKwU 50m e¨vmv‡a©i e¨vw¼snxb
eµc‡_ m‡e©v‪P KZ `ªæwZ‡Z wbivc‡` euvK wb‡Z cvi‡e?
h v2 rgh 50  9.8  0.8
Soln: =  †eM, v = = = 18.07 ms–1 Ans.
x rg x 1.2
2. ‡ijjvB‡bi GKwU euv‡Ki e¨vmva© 98 m Ges jvB‡bi `yB cv‡Zi gaëZx© `~iZ¡ 1.525 m | wfZ‡ii cvZ A‡c¶v evB‡ii cvZ KZLvwb DPz
1
n‡j evB‡ii cv‡Z †Kvbiƒc Pvc cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i GKwU †Uªb 9.8ms `ªywZ‡Z euvK wb‡Z cvi‡e? Ans : 0.1525 m
3. GKwU †ij jvB‡bi euv‡Ki e¨vmva© 200 m Ges †ij jvB‡bi cvZØ‡qi gaëZx© `~iZ¡ 1m | N›Uvq 50 .4 km †e‡M PjšÍ Mvwoi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq
e¨vswKs Gi Rb¨ evB‡ii jvB‡bi cvZ‡K wfZ‡ii jvB‡bi cvZ A‡c¶v KZUzKz DuPz Ki‡Z n‡e? Ans.0.1m
†Kv‡bv †g‡S‡Z ¯vwcZ 500 N Gi GKwU Kv‡Vi ev‡·i Dci 200 N ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ev·wU Pjv ïiæ K‡i| †g‡S I Kv‡Vi ev‡·i
6.
gaëZx© Nl©Y ¸Yv¼ wbY©q Ki| Ans .0.4
`ywU Z‡ji g‡a¨Kvi w¯Z Nl©Y †KvY 600 | Zv‡ì Nl©Y ¸Yv¼ KZ? Ans . 3
8.
10. 1kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧ 300 †Kv‡Y AvbZ GKwU gm„Y Z‡j w¯ive¯vq Av‡Q| Nl©Y ¸Yv¼ I Awfj¤^ cÖwZwµqv wbY©q Ki|
GKwU c‡_i Nl©b mnM 0.5. 50kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧i Dci KZ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j e¯‧wU mg‡e‡M Pj‡Z _vK‡e|
11.
02. 5.0N Gi GKwU Avbyf– wgK ej GKwU 0.50 kg f‡ii AvqZvKvi e¯‘‡K GKwU Dj¤^ †Ìqv‡j av°v w`‡” Q| e¯‘wU Avw`‡Z w¯’i wQj| hw`
•¯’wZK I MZxq Nl©Y ¸Yv¼ h_vµ‡g s= 0.6 Ges k=0.8 nq, Z‡e m/s2 GK‡K e¯‘wUi Z¡iY KZ? A. 1.8
05. mvg¨ve¯’vq _vKv GKwU e¯‘ we‡ùvwiZ n‡q M1 I M2 f‡ii `ywU e¯‘‡Z fvM n‡jv| fi `ywU G‡K Ac‡ii †_‡K h_vµ‡g v1 I v2 †e‡M `y‡i
mi‡Z jvMj| v1/v2 AbycvZwU n‡e
M1 M2 M1 M2
A. B. C. D.
M2 M1 M2 M1
07.10,000 kg R¡vjvbxmn GKwU i‡K‡Ui fi 15000 kg| R¡vjvbx hw` 200 kg/s nv‡i cy‡o i‡K‡Ui mv‡c‡¶ 2000m/s †e‡M wbM©Z nq, Zvn‡j i‡K‡Ui
Dci cÖhy³ av°v ev _ªvó KZ? [DU: 15–16]
dm
Soln: i‡K‡Ui Dci wµqviZ ej, F = vr = 2  103  2  102 = 4  105 N Ans.
dt
3. m f‡ii GKwU e¯‧ r e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ mg`ª“ wZ‡Z Pj‡Q| e„ËvKvi MwZi ch©vqKvj T. e¯‧wUi Dci †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji gvb KZ?
2
2  2  4 2 mr
Soln: †K․wbK †eM,  = ; †K›`ªgyLx ej, F = m2r = m   r = Ans.
T  T  T2
20.GKwU wjd‡Ui †g‡S‡Z ivLv GKwU IRb gvcvi h‡š¿i Dci GKRb 50 kg fiwewkó gvbyl ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| wjdUwU w¯Z Ae¯v †_‡K 2 ms–2 Z¡i‡Y 1
sec a‡i Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V, Zvici mg`ª“ wZ‡Z DV‡Z _v‡K| wjdU Pjvi ci †_‡K IRb gvcvi h‡š¿ KZ fi †`Lv‡e? (a‡i bvI ga¨vKl©Y RwbZ Z¡iY
10 ms–2) [DU: 09-10]
A. first 60 kg and then 0 kg B. always 50 kg C. first 60 kg and then 50 kg D. always 60 kg
Soln: IRb gvcvi Rb¨ IRb †ei K‡i g Gi gvb w`‡q fvM K‡i fi wn‡me Kiv nq| cÖ_‡g wjdU 2 ms–2 Z¡i‡Y Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V| ZLb
cÖwZwµqv ej F = m(g + a) = 50(10+2) = 600 N|
A_©vr ZLb fi wnmve K‡i = 60010 = 60 kg| wKš‧ Z¡iY †k‡l fi wbY©q n‡e 50 kg|
06.L2/2I represents  of a particle .A. Rotational kinetic
16.†Kvb †gvUi mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx r e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ KZ †e‡M Nyi‡j wZwb Dj¤^ Z‡ji mv‡_  †Kv‡Y AvbZ _v‡Kb ? B. rg tan 
08.mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx‡K euv‡Ki †K‡›`ªi w`‡K †nj‡Z nq †Kb? D. †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji Rb¨
10.mge„Ëxq MwZ‡Z N~Y©vqgvb GKUv KYvi †K․wYK fi‡eM L; †K․wYK K¤úv¼ wØ¸b Ges MwZkw³ A‡a©K Kiv n‡j bZzb †K․wYK fi‡eM n‡e? D. L 4
 
02. 3kg f‡ii GKwU MwZkxj KYvi MwZ‡eM v  2î  2ˆj  kˆ | KYvi Ae¯’vb †f±i r  î  ˆj n‡j g– jwe›`y mv‡c‡¶ Gi †KŠwYK fi‡eM

(L) KZ? [BAU18-19]
   
A. L  î - ĵ B. L  3î  2 ĵ  k̂ C. L  2î  4ĵ  k̂ D. L  4î  2ĵ  k̂

LAMBDA
08.800 g f‡ii GKwU e¯‧i Dci KZ N ej wµqv Ki‡j e¯‧wUi †eM 4 s G (6î  3 ĵ  4k̂) m/s n‡Z e„w× †c‡q (12iˆ  3 ˆj  7kˆ) m/s n‡e?
v 62  62  32 9
Soln: v  (12î  3 ĵ  7k̂)  (6î  3 ĵ  4k̂)  6î  6 ĵ  3k̂ ; F = ma= 0.8   0.8   0.8   1.8 Ans.
t 4 4
KvR,kw³ I ÿgZv (Work, Power & Energy)
‡Kvb e¯‧ memgq ‡mB Ae¯vq _vK‡Z Pvq †h Ae¯vq Gi wefe kw³i gvb b~¨bZg| ZvB DPz ¯vb n‡Z cvwb my‡ hvM †c‡j wb‡P Mwo‡q c‡o|
AwfKlx©q Kv‡Ri D`vniY:
(i) e¯‧ Dc‡i DVv‡bv (ii) e¯‧ wb‡P bvgv‡bv (iii) AvbZ Zj †e‡q e¯‧i Dc‡i DVv (iv) AvbZ Zj †e‡q e¯‧i wb‡P bvgv|
wefekw³ Ae¯v‡bi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ mgh Ae¯v‡bi cwieZ©b
AwfKl©R wefekw³ cÖm½ Zj f~c„ô h f~c~ô †_‡K D‪PZv
AwfKl©R wefe kw³ abvZ¥K/FYvZ¥K DfqBn‡Z cv‡i;wefekw³ IAwfKl©R wefekw³mgvb bvI n‡Z cv‡i|AwfKl©R wefe kw³ c‡_i Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
AwfKl©R wefe kw³ we‡kl ai‡bi wefe kw³| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖm½ Zj c„w_ex c„ô| AwfKl©R wefe kw³ abvZ¥K/FbvZ¥K `yB ai‡biB n‡Z cv‡i| MwZ kw³
KL‡bv FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
û‡Ki m~Î: w¯wZ ¯vcK mxgvi g‡a¨ ej weK…wZi mgvbycvwZK| F = kx
msÁv m~Î
MwZkxj e¯‧ Zvi MwZi Rb¨ †h kw³ AR©b K‡i Zv‡K MwZkw³ e‡j|
‡Kvb e¯‧i MwZ Pjb I N~Y©b A_ev Pjb I N~Y©b wgwj‡q RwUj MwZI n‡Z cv‡i| e¯‧i MwZkw³ •iwLK A_ev N~Y©b ev GB `yB ai‡Yi MwZkw³ GK‡Î n‡Z cv‡i|
webv evavq cošÍ e¯‧i MwZkw³ →‣iwLK MwZkw³ ;NyišÍ •e`y¨wZK cvLvq MwZkw³→AveZ© ev N~Y©b MwZkw³ ;Mvwoi PvKvi MwZkw³→‣iwLK I N~Y©b Dfq MwZkw³|
fi‡eM I MwZkw³i g‡a¨ m¤úK©:
p2 1
Ek   Ek  [hLb fi‡eM mgvb] fi †eM mgvb n‡j nvjKv e¯‧i MwZkw³ †ewk
2m m
2
p
Ek   Ek  p 2 [hLb fi mgvb] MwZkw³ mgvb n‡j fvix e¯‧i fi‡eM †ewk
2m
03. GKwU e¯‧ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q w¯i Ae¯vq Av‡Q| nVvr we‡ùvi‡Y GwU 2 M Ges 3M f‡ii `ywU e¯‧‡Z UzK‡iv n‡q †Mj| G¸‡jvi †gvU
MwZkw³ E | 2 M f‡ii e¯‧i MwZkw³ n‡e- (D) 3E 5
02. GKRb †jvK GKwU †Uwe‡ji cv‡k 400 N Gi GKwU ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i| d‡j †UwejwU 6m `~i‡Z¡ m‡i hvq| K…Z KvR KZ n‡e hw` miY I ej (i)
GKB w`‡K nq (ii) GKwU AciwUi j¤^vwfgy‡L nq (iii) wecixZ w`‡K nq|
Soln: (i) W = Fscos = 400  6  cos 0˚ = 2400 J (ii)W = Fscos = 400  6  cos90˚ = 0 J
(iii) W = Fscos = 400  6 cos180˚ = –2400 J Ans.
03. 10 m MfxiZv wewkó A‡a©K c~Y© Kzqvi m¤ú~Y© cvwb Zzj‡Z K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki? (m¤ú~Y© cvwbi fi, m = 1600 kg ; g = 10 m/s2)
 3h  3 3
Soln: cvwb Zzj‡Z K…ZKvR,W = mg   = mgh = 16001010 = 1.2105 J Ans.
 4 4 4
04. 15 kg f‡ii GKwU w¯i e¯‧i Dci 5N ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nj|
i)Z…Zxq †m‡K‡Û K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
ii)3 †m‡K‡Û K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
1 1 F 52
Soln: i)W= F.s3rd =F {ut+ a(2t–1)}= F{0+  (2t–1)}= (23–1)= 4.17JAns.
2 2 m 2  15
1 1 F 52
ii)W= F.s =F {ut+ at2}= F{0+  (2t–1)}= 32=7.5JAns.
2 2 m 2  15
05. 150 kg f‡ii GK e¨w³ 50 kg f‡ii GKwU †evSv wb‡q 4m `xN© GKwU wmuwo †e‡q wb‡P bvgj| hw` wmuwowU f‚wgi mv‡_ 60˚ †Kv‡Y _v‡K Z‡e
†m KZ KvR Kij †ei Ki|
Soln: K…ZKvR, W = mgh sin  = 2009.84 sin 60˚ = 6789 J Ans.
07. GKwU e¯‧i Dci 500 N ej cÖ‡qvM Kivq GwU 30ms 1 †e‡M Pj‡Z _vKj| e¯‧wUi ¶gZv KZ? Ans : 1500W
08. GKwU K‚qv †_‡K BwÄ‡bi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwZ wgwb‡U 1000 kg cvwb 10 m Mo D‪PZvq DVv‡bv hvq| hw` BwÄbwUi ¶gZv 40 % bó nq Zvn‡j Gi
Ak¦¶gZv wbY©q Ki|
1000  9.8  10
Solve : 0.6P   P  3.65hp
60  746
10. Kvgvj 0.125 m3 AvqZ‡bi 5 wU NbK AvK…wZi e¯‧‡K GKwUi Dci Av‡iKwU †i‡L GKwU ¯Í¤¢ cÖ¯‧Z K‡i| Kvgvj KZ…©K K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvY †ei
Ki| (cÖwZwU e¯‧‡Ki fi 100 kg)

LAMBDA
n (n  1) 5 4
Soln: GLv‡b, h3 = 0.125m3  h = 0.5 m;  W = mgh = 1009.80.5 = 4900J Ans.
2 2
(iv) cvwb †g‡N cwiYZ n‡Z K…ZKvR, W = mgh = Vgh = (Aℓgh)
11. ‡g‡Ni Ae¯vb f‚wg †_‡K 1 km D‪PZvq †_‡K e„wócvZ NUvq| e„wói cvwb 1.010–2 m cyiæ n‡q 1 km2 RvqMv Ave„Z Ki‡j †g‡Ni cvwb
Zzj‡Z wK cwigvY KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡qwQj? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
Soln: K…ZKvR, W = mgh = Vgh = (Aℓgh)= 106 10–2  103  9.8103= 9.81010 J Ans.
12. 300Nm1 ej m¤úbœ GKwU w¯cÖs‡K i  KZUzKz msKzwPZ Ki‡j Kv‡Ri cwigvY 1.5Joule ii  hw` w¯cÖswU‡K 0.2 m msKzwPZ Kiv hvq Z‡e
Kv‡Ri cvwigvY KZ?
Sovle : i  W  kx 2  1.5  300  x 2 ii  kx   300  0.2   6J

1 2 1
 x  0.7071 m W
2
2 2
01. GKwU †gvUi wgwb‡U 5.5 10 kg cvwb 100 m Dc‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| †gvUiwU `¶Zv 70 % n‡j Gi ¶gZv wbY©q Ki? Ans: 12833333W ev 17202Hp.
5
02. `vjv‡bi Qv‡ì mv‡_ jvMv‡bv 7.46 m GKwU gB †`qv‡ji mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡Y Av‡Q| 60 kg f‡ii GK e¨w³ 15 kg f‡ii GKwU †evSv mn 30 s G
gB †e‡q Qv‡` I‡V| cÖhy³ ¶gZv wbY©q Ki? ii  K…Z Kv‡Ri cwigvb Ans: 91.385W, 2741.55J
06. GKwU K‚qv †_‡K BwÄ‡bi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwZwgwb‡U 1000 kg cvwb 10 m Mo D‪PZvq DVv‡bv hvq| hw` BwÄbwUi ¶gZv 40 % bó nq Zvn‡j Gi
Ak¦¶gZv wbY©q Ki| Ans  3.65Hp
01. wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv c_ w`‡q GKwU 4.0 N IR‡bi cv_i‡K c„w_exi AwfKlx©q †¶‡Î P we›`y †_‡K R we›`y‡Z ¯vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nj| cv_iwUi w¯wZ kw³ KZ
e„w× †cj? Q 40m R [DU: 13-14]
30m 50m
P Earth's surface
A.120 J B. 200 J C. 280 J D. 1200 J

01. 25 m D‪PZv n‡Z 4 kg fi gy³fv‡e AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b co‡Z _vK‡j 2s ci MwZkw³ I w¯wZkw³ wbY©q Ki?
Solve: c‡i †eM
c‡i MwZkw³: (
c‡i wefe kw³ = †gvU kw³ – c‡i MwZkw³= Avw` wefekw³ – c‡i MwZkw³= =
=
(ii) f~wg ¯úk© Kivi gyû‡Z© MwZkw³| Solve: Avw` wefe kw³ = †kl MwZkw³ = = =980 J
(iii) f~wg ¯úk© Kivi gyû‡Z© MwZ†eM|
02. 5kg Zv‡ii GKwU e¯‧ 5 m DPz n‡Z GKwU †c‡i‡Ki Dci co‡j †c‡iKwU gvwUi wfZi 10 cm Xy‡K hvq| gvwUi Mo cÖwZ‡iva ej wbY©q Ki|
Solve : mg h  s  Fs  F  0.1  5  9.8  5  0.1  F  2499 N
03. 1J MwZ kw³i GKwU e¯‧i MwZi wecix‡Z 1N ej cÖ‡qv‡M e¯‧wU KZ `~i AMÖmi n‡q †_‡g hv‡e|
1
Solve : mv 2  Fs  1  1  s  s  1m
2
04. 5 kg f‡ii GKwU nvZzwo Øviv †`qv‡j GKwU †c‡iK‡K 2 ms–1 †e‡M AvNvZ Kivq GwU 10 cm Xz‡K †Mj| †`qv‡ji Mo evav ej wbY©q Ki|
1 mv 2 5  (2) 2
Soln: Fs = mv2  F = F= = 100 N Ans.
2 2s 2  0.10
05. GKwU e‡ji wµqvq 2kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧i †eM †Kvb GK gyn~‡Z©© (4î  16 ĵ) ms–1 Ges Aci GK gyn~‡Z©© (8î  20 ĵ) ms–1 n‡jv †e‡Mi GB
cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ e¯‧i Dci KZ KvR Kiv n‡q‡Q?
Soln: cÖ_g gyn~‡Z©© †eM, v1 = 42 + 162 = 4 17 ms–1; Aci GK gyn~‡Z©© †eM, v2 = 82 + 202 = 4 29 ms–1
1 1
m¤‫‫‬bœ KvR, W = E = m(v22 – v12) = 2 [(4 29)2 – (4 17)2] = 192 J Ans.
2 2
07. NÈvq 36 km `ªywZ‡Z Pjgvb GKwU Mvwoi MwZ‡eM wK cwigvY e„w× Ki‡j GwU wØ¸Y MwZ kw³ m¤úbœ nq?
36  E 
Soln: v = =10ms–1; MwZ‡eM e„w×i cwigvY, v = v2–v1 =  2  v1  –v1 = ( 210)–10 = 4.14ms–1 Ans.
3 .6  E1 
 
08. 10 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧i MwZkw³ 80 J n‡j fi‡eM wbY©q Ki|

LAMBDA
P2
Soln: MwZkw³, Ek =  fi‡eM, P = 2m  E k = 21080 = 40 kgms–1 Ans.
2m
09. 40 kg fi m¤úbœ †Kvb evwjKv gvwU †_‡K 15 cm DuPz †_‡K jvwd‡q 60 evi w¯‥wcs Kij| Zvi KZ kw³ e¨q nj?
Soln: kw³, E =W = n(mgh) = 60(409.80.15) = 3528 J Ans.
10. GKwU Abyf‚wgK Zj n‡Z 0.3 m D‪PZvq Aew¯Z 0.05 kg fiwewkó GKwU e¯‧ gy³fv‡e coj Ges msNv‡Zi ci cÖwZw¶ß n‡q 0.2 m D‪PZvq DVj
msNv‡Zi d‡j e¯‧wUi fi‡eM Ges MwZkw³i cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| (g = 9.8 m/s2)
Soln: MwZkw³i cwieZ©b, E =W= mg(h1–h2) = 0.059.8(0.3–0.2) = 0.049 J
e¯‧wUi fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b, 2mE = 20.050.049 = 0.07 kg-ms–1 Ans.
1
07. GKK f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K 100m D‪PZv n‡Z 120ms Avbyf~wgK †d‡j †`qv nj| f~wg ¯úk© Kivi gyû‡Z© e¯‧wUi MwZkw³ KZ?
01. GKwU e¯‧‡K wbw`©ó D‪PZv †_‡K †d‡j †`qv nj| f~wg n‡Z 10 m D‪PZvq MwZkw³ wefekw³i wØ¸Y n‡j KZ D‪PZv n‡Z e¯‧wU †d‡j †`qv
n‡qwQj?
MwZkw³ n ¸Y n‡j ⇒ ⇒
02. GKwU e¯‧‡K w¯i Ae¯vq D‪y ¯vb †_‡K Qvov n‡q‡Q| e¯‧wU hLb 10m D‪PZvq †b‡g‡Q ZLb Zvi MwZkw³ w¯wZ kw³i A‡a©K n‡j e¯‧wU KZ
D‪PZv n‡Z Qvov n‡q‡Q? Ans: 15m
04. †Kvb avZzi Bqs Gi ¸YvsK 1011 Nm–2 Ges Gi Amncxob 1.96106 Nm–2| GB avZzwUi •`N©¨ weK…wZ NU‡j Gi cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i m‡e©v‪P wK
cwigvY kw³ mwÂZ n‡Z cv‡i?
1 1 cxob 1 (1.96  10 6 ) 2
Soln: GKK AvqZ‡b mwÂZ kw³, E= cxobweK…wZ=  cxob  Y =  = 19.21J Ans.
2 2 2 1011
05. 4m `xN© Ges 0.3 mm e¨v‡mi GKwU Zvi‡K 800 kg-wt ej Øviv Uvbv †`qv Av‡Q| ZviwUi •`N©¨-e„w× 1.5 mm n‡j, Zv‡i †gvU KZ kw³
mwÂZ Av‡Q?
F F 800  9.8
Soln: cxob = = 2 = = 1.111011 Nm–2
A r 3 2
  (0.15  10 )
 1.5 10 3
 weK…wZ = = = 3.7510–4
L 4
 mwÂZ kw³, E = 12  cxob  weK…wZ = 12 1.111011  3.7510–4 = 20.81106 J Ans.
02. GKwU cvwbc~Y© K‚qvi MfxiZv 12m Ges e¨vm 1.8m| GKwU cv¤• 24 wgwb‡U K‚qvwU‡K cvwbk– b¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| cvwbi NbZ¡ 1000
kg/m3 n‡j cv¤• wUi ¶gZv KZ? [DU 16-17]
A. 1.67 H.P B. 3.34 H.P C. 6.68 H.P D. 26.72 H.P
06.†Kvb e¨w³ 30 Xv‡ji 5 m DuPz Nl©Ywenxb Zj eivei GKwU 100 N eÐK †U‡b Zzj‡Q| eÐKwU mg`ª“ wZ‡Z Pj‡j e¨w³ wK cwigvY KvR Ki‡e?
Soln: K…ZKvR, W = mgh sin  = 1005× sin 30˚ = 250 J Ans.

07.GKwU Zv‡ii Dci Uvb F n‡j •`N©ë„w× nq x. ZviwU hw` û‡Ki m–Î †g‡b P‡j Ges Zv‡ii Dcv`v‡bi Bqs ¸YvsK Y nq Z‡e Zv‡i mwÂZ wefe kw³ KZ?
1  YA  2 1  F  2 1
2
1 YAx FL YA F
Soln: [  ℓ= x] W = Avevi, Y =  =  E=   x =   x = Fx Ans.
2 L Ax L x 2  L  2 x 2
13.GKwU Mvwo 36 km/hr †e‡M MwZkxj| cÖvq †Kvb MwZ‡Z Pj‡j MvwowUi MwZkw³ wØ¸Y n‡e? [DU: 02-03]
36 1 E2
Soln: v= ms–1= 10 ms–1; Ek = mv2 ;Ek αv2v α Ek v2 =  v1 = 210= 14 ms–1 Ans.
3 .6 2 E1
02. wb‡¤œi e¯‧mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †KvbwUi MwZkw³ †ewk ? [BUET:2012-2013]
A. fi Ges †eM B. fi Ges †eM C. fi Ges †eM D. fi Ges †eM
Solve:  2M fi I †eM 3V n‡j, E m‡e©v‪P n‡e| Ans: C
03.80m D‪PZv †_‡K hw` GKwU ej †g‡S‡Z c‡o Ges ejwUi 20%kw³ †g‡Si mv‡_ cÖwZNv‡Z n«vm cvq, Z‡e ejwU †g‡S‡Z evwo †L‡q †h D‪PZvq DV‡e|
Solve: awi, x D‪PZv ch©šÍ DV‡e|  
05. 40 N IR‡bi e¯‧‡K †g‡S †_‡K 3m DPz‡Z 2 ‡m‡K‡Û a‡i ivL‡Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY n‡e ―
A. 0 J B. 40 J C. 120 J D. 240 J Ans: A
Solve: †h‡nZz, ¯§iY †bB ZvB Kv‡Ri cwigvY k~b¨|
1
10.Ae¯vb mv‡c‡¶ GK Pµ cwigv‡Y Mo MwZkw³ n‡e- D.  †gvU kw³
2
02.10m DuPz ¯vb n‡Z 100 gm fi wewkó GKwU ej‡K †d‡j w`‡j hw` ejwU cybivq 8m DuPz ch©š@ D‡V Z‡e wK cwigvY kw³ e¨q nq?
Soln: W= mg(h1–h2) = 0.19.8(10–8) = 1.96 J Ans.
04.cieZx© ej Øviv K…Z Kv‡Ri mgxKiY †KvbwU?

LAMBDA
 

1 2 1 2 1
A. w  FS B. w  F .ds C. w  kx  ky D. w  kx 2
2 2 2
07.550 cvDÛ-IR‡bi cÖwZ‡m‡K‡Û AwfK‡l©i wei“ ‡× 1dzU Zzj‡Z †h KvR nq Zv‡K e‡j- C. 1 Ak¦ ¶gZv
06. Abyf‚wgK Z‡ji Dci Aew¯’Z GKwU e¯‘‡K w¯cÖs Gi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv n‡jv| 2.4 N ej Øviv mvgë¯’v n‡Z w¯cÖswU‡K 3 cm msKzwPZ Kiv
n‡jv| w¯cÖs Øviv K…Z KvR- C. 3.6×102 J
5. c„w_exi e¨vmva© R Ges f‚c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY g n‡j m f‡ii †Kvb e¯‧‡K f‚c„ô n‡Z R D‪PZvq DVv‡bv e¯‧‡Z †h wefe kw³ mwÂZ nq Zv njt
A. mgR/4 B. mgR/2 C. mgR D. 2 mgR
6. ‣`‡N©ï GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki ee Dj¤^fv‡e Szj‡Q| eewU‡K GKwU e¯‧ †h †e‡M AvNvZ Ki‡j Zv Abyf‚wgK Ae¯v‡b _v‡K Zv njt
A.√ B. √ C. √ D. √
7. GKwU KYvi Dci GKB mv‡_ `ywU aªæe ej ⃗ ( ̂ ̂ ̂) I ⃗ ( ̂ ̂ ̂ ) KvR Kivq e¯‧wU ⃗ (̂ ̂ ̂)
n‡Z ⃗ ( ̂ ̂ ̂ ) Ae¯v‡b m‡i hvq| e¯‧wUi Dci †gvU Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?
A. 24 J B. 30 J C. 40 J D. 50 K
8. GK e¨w³ Zvi `ªæwZ 2m/s e„w× Ki‡j Zvi MwZkw³ wØ¸Y nq| †jvKwUi c~‡e©i `ªæwZ KZ wQj?
A. ( √ ) B. 4 m/s C. ( √ ) D. ( √ )
10. m I 4m f‡ii `ywU e¯‧i mgvb MwZkw³ wb‡q MwZkxj| Zv‡ì fi‡e‡Mi AbycvZ n‡e?
A. 4:1 B. √2:1 C.1:2 D. 1:6
GLv‡b e¯‧i fi m Abycw¯Z|ZvB AwfKl©R Z¡iY e¯‧i f‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i bv | nvév I fvix e¯‧i Rb¨ AwfKl©R Z¡iY
GKB iƒc n‡e |
,c„w_exi DËi `w¶Y A_©vr †giy AÂj eivei e¨vmva© me‡P‡q Kg |ZvB `yB †giy‡Z g Gi gvb me‡P‡q †ewk |
c~e© cwðg eivei A_©vr welyexq AÂj eivei c„w_exi e¨vmva© me‡P‡q †ewk |ZvB welyexq AÂ‡j g Gi gvb me‡P‡q Kg|
g e¯‘ wbi‡c¶, ¯’vb wbi‡c¶ bq|
g Gi gvb:
†giy‡Z- 9.83217 ms–2, welye AÂ‡j- 9.78039 ms–2, µvšÍxq AÂ‡j- 9.78918 ms–2, XvKvq- 9.7835 ms–2,
gvÎvt[LT ] -2
ivRkvnx‡Z- 9.790 ms–2 45˚, A¶vs‡k- 9.80665 ms–2/ 9.81 ms–2 [Av`k© gvb]
GKKt ms -2
AwfKl©R Z¡iY g Gi gvbmg~n: mgy`ª Z‡j 45˚ A¶vs‡k g Gi gvb‡K Av`k© aiv nq| g Gi Av`k© gvb 981 cm/sec2 = 9.8ms–2 =
wewfbœ GK‡K Gi 32.09 ft/sec2
Av`k© gvbt P‡›`ª AwfKl©R Z¡iY (1/6) g=1.6 ms-2| m~‡h©i AwfKl©R Z¡iY 27g. g e¯‘ wbi‡c¶, ¯’vb wbi‡c¶ bq|
-2
9.8ms g Gi ZviZg¨ (1) D‪PZvi wµqv c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z Dci w`‡K †M‡j g Gi gvb K‡g|c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z
=980cms-2 N‡U †h Kvi‡Y wb‡Pi w`‡K †M‡j g Gi gvb K‡g|
=32fts-2g c„w_exi †K‡›`ª g Gi gvb k~b¨| f‬-c„‡ô g Gi gvb me‡P‡q †ewk|
(2) A¶vsk wµqv A¶vsk evo‡j g Gi gvb ev‡o|
(3) c„w_exi N~Y©b wµqv| N‬Y©b RwbZ Kvi‡Y †giy AÂ‡j Gi gvb K‡g Z‡e welye AÂ‡j †ewk
K‡g|
g-Gi •ewkó¨: (i) g Gi gvb e¯‘i cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv (ii) ¯’vb‡f‡` g cwiewZ©Z nq (iii) g AwfKlx©q
cÖve‡jï mgvb|
Kg †_‡K †ewk AwfKl©R Z¡iY ‘g’ Abymv‡i mvRvI| (XvKv = D, †ivg = R, DËi †gi“ = N, welye †iLv‡Z GKwU RvnvR = E) Ans. EDRN
ZK© Ki‡eb bv gnvwe‡k¦i wewfbœ ¯v‡b AwfKl©R Z¡iY (g) Ges IR‡bi (W) gvb wfbœ wfbœ|e¯‧i fi gnvwe‡k¦i
mKj ¯v‡b GKB |e¯‧i fi Gi †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡U bv |
hLb h<<<<<<R D‪PZv ev MfxiZv c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a¨©i Ask

wn‡m‡e †`qv _vK‡j
c„w_ex c„‡ô AwfKl©RZ¡iY:
c„ô n‡Z DPz †Kvb ¯v‡b  2h 
AwfKl©R Z¡iY(cvnv‡o) ( g h  1  g ( এর অংশ্
 R 
c„ô n‡Z wbPz †Kvb ¯v‡b (  h ( – এর অংশ্
AwfKl©R Z¡iY(K‚‡c,Lwb‡Z) g h  1    g
 R
c„w_ex c„ô, c„w_ex c„ô †_‡K h D‪PZvq I c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z h MfxiZvq AwfKl©R Z¡iY h_vµ‡g g, gh I ghh n‡jÑ gh < ghh < g
01. c„w_ex‡K 6.4106 m e¨vmv‡a©i Ges 5.5 g/cc Nb‡Z¡i †MvjK ai‡j Gi c„‡ô AwfKl©R Z¡iY,wefe,cÖvej¨ I gyw³‡eM KZ n‡e?
GM 4 4  5.5  103  6.4  106  6.67  10 11
Soln: AwfKlx©q Z¡iY, g = 2 = RG = = 9.83 ms–2 Ans.
R 3 3

LAMBDA
1
01. c„w_ex‡K 6400 km e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU †MvjK ai‡j f~c„ô n‡Z KZ D‪PZvq AwfKl©xq Z¡i‡Yi gvb f~-c„‡ôi AwfKl©xq Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi Ask n‡e|
64
(√ ) (√ )
01. c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z KZ D‪PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb c„w_ex c„‡ôi AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gv‡bi kZKiv GKvwk fvM| Ans:711.11km
10  x 10  81
Solve : h  R   6400km  7.1  105 m
x 81
i  c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i A‡a©K MfxiZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb|
Solve: (1–R Gi Ask ) × g ( )
iii  c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i mgcwigvY D‪PZvq (6400 km) AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb|
Solve: ( এর অংশ্ (
(iv) c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a©i A‡a©K D‪PZvq AwfKl©R Z¡i‡Yi gvb
Solve: : (
এর অংশ্ ( )
12. f– -c„‡ô GKwU DcMÖ‡ni IRb 100 N| hw` c„w_exi e¨vmva© R nq Z‡e c„w_exi †K›`ª n‡Z KZ `– ‡i DcMÖnwUi IRb 25N n‡e?
 W   100 
Soln: D‪PZv, h =  1  R =  1  R = R  c„w_exi †K›`ª n‡Z `~iZ¡, R + h = 2R Ans.
 W   25 
 h   
01.GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z 500 km Dci w`‡q cÖ`w¶Y Ki‡Q| c„w_ex c„‡ô g Gi gvb 9.8ms 2 n‡j ,
i H K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni †eM KZ Ans: 7627ms-1
ii  K…wÎg DcMª‡ni ch©vq Kvj wbY©q Ki? Ans: 5272 sec
02.GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn c„w_exi †K›`ª n‡Z 7000 km Dci w`‡q cÖ`w¶Y Ki‡Q| c„w_exi fi 5.96 1024 kg n‡j H K…wÎg DcMÖn‡i †eM wbY©q Ki|
bMb¨ D‪PZv w`‡q MgbKvix K…wÎg DcMÖ‡ni †eM KZ? Ans: ev,
02. ey‡ai fi I e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g 31026 kg Ges 8108 m n‡j, ey‡ai gyw³ †eM I AwfKl©R Z¡iY wbY©q Ki|
1
2GM  2  6.67  10 11  3  10 26 

2
n 3 –1 –1
Sol : ey‡ai gyw³ †eM, v = =  = 7.110 ms = 7.1 kms Ans.
R  8  10 8 
07. c„w_exi Abym– i I Acm– i h_vµ‡g 1.471011 m Ges 1.521011 m| Abym– i ¯’v‡b c„w_exi MwZ Acm– ‡ii KZ ¸Y?
v r 1.52 1011
Soln: r1v1 = r2v2  1 = 2 = = 1.034, Abym– i ¯’v‡b c„w_exi MwZ Acm– ‡ii 1.034 ¸Y| Ans.
v 2 r1 1.47 1011
02. c„w_exi fi Ges e¨vmva© n‡j, c„w_ex c„‡ô Gi AbycvZ n‡e ―

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU †`L Ges 03 I 04bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
1. 50kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K A n‡Z C ‡Z wb‡q †M‡j Gi IRb n‡eÑ (N) 217.8N
2. i. A we›`y‡Z gnvKl©xq cÖvej¨ m‡e©v‪P
ii. C we›`y‡Z †Kv‡bv e¯‧i IRb B we›`y n‡Z †ewk
iii.B we›`y‡Z g Gi gvb A we›`yi A‡a©K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
hw` m f‡ii †Kvb e¯‧‡K c„w_ex c„ô n‡Z R/4 D‪PZvq DËjb Kiv nq, Z‡e Ñ
15. e¯‧wUi w¯wZkw³ Kx cwigvY e„w× cv‡e?
(K) mgR/3 (L) mgR/4 (M) mgR/5 (N) mgR/16
16. me©wb¤œ KZ †e‡M Qzo‡j GwU R/4 D‪PZvq DV‡e?
(K) √ (L) √ (M) √ (N) √

LAMBDA
ch©ve„wËK MwZ (Periodic Motion)

¯vwbK ch©vqµg: cybive„wË ¯v‡bi mv‡c‡ÿ nq| †hgb-mij †`vj‡Ki MwZ, KwVb c`v‡_©i †Kjv‡mi g‡a¨ AYy, †WvivKvUv kv‡U©i †Wviv¸‡jvi Ae¯vb, avb
†ÿ‡Î evZvm eB‡j m„ó avb †ÿ‡Î †XD‡qi MwZ BZ¨vw`|
KvwjK ch©vqµg: cybive„wË wbw`©ó mgq mv‡c‡ÿ nq | †hgb-Nwoi ‡m‡KÛ ev wgwb‡Ui KuvUv h_vµ‡g 60 †m‡KÛ ev 60 wgwbU ci ci, N›Uvi KuvUv 12
N›Uv ci ci cybive„wË N‡U Ges c„w_ex m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K 365 w`‡b GKevi Ny‡i Av‡m BZ¨vw`|
mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡bi •ewkó¨: mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`b MwZi D`vnviY :
GKwU ch©vq MwZ GKwU wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi AšÍi GB MwZ wecixZgyLx nq  Kg we¯Ív‡i mKj †`vj‡Ki MwZ
Gi MwZ GKwU mij‡iLvq N‡U Z¡iY e¯‧i mi‡Yi mgvbycvwZK Z¡iY e¯‧i mi‡Yi wecixZgyLx  myikjvKvi evûi K¤úb
Z¡iY e¯‧ KYvwUi ga¨ Ae¯vb AwfgyLx ¯ú›`‡bi mxgv ga¨ †_‡K Dfq w`‡K mgvb `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯Z  w¯úªs Gi Djø¤^ K¤úb
`kv: x = Asin (ωt + )

Avw` mi‡Yi Rb¨ t = 0
Avw` miY x0 = Asin
= 0° n‡j, x0 = Asin0 = 0 A_©vr e¯‧i MwZ ïiæ n‡q‡Q mvg¨ve¯vb n‡Z|
= n‡j, x0 = Asin , A_©vr e¯‧i MwZ ïiæ n‡q‡Q we¯Ív‡ii m‡e©v‪P we›`y n‡Z| Gi wfbœ wfbœ gv‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ Avw` miY wb‡`©wkZ nq|
mg`kvq Aew¯Z `ywU KYvi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡‡K Zi½‣`N¨© e‡j |
mg`kvq Aew¯Z `ywU KYvi ga¨Kvi `~iZ¡ t wecixZ `kvq Aew¯Z `ywU KYvi ga¨Kvi c_ cv_©K¨
GK evi N~Y©b Gi d‡j `kv cv_©K¨
`kv
mvBb I ‡KvmvBb Zi‡½i ga¨Kvi `kv cv_¨©K¨
Av`k© mij ‡`vj‡Ki wbæwjwLZ •ewkó¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb mij †`vj‡Ki MwZ mij Qw›`Z ¯c›`b MwZ KviY
(K) eewU ¶z‡` Ges wKQzUv fvix n‡Z n‡e| (1) e‡ei MwZc_ mij •iwLK
(L) myZvi fi bMY¨ n‡e (2)ej me©`v mvg¨ve¯v AwfgyLx
(M) myZv cvKnxb,bgbxq I AcÖmviYxq n‡Z n‡e | (3)ej mvg¨ve¯v n‡Z mi‡Yi mvgvbycvwZK Ges wecixZ gyLx
(N) †`vjK wcÛ webv evavq `yj†e |
(O) ‡`vj‡Ki MwZ n‡e mij Qw›`Z MwZ |
02. GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki Kvh©Kix •`N©¨ KZ?
L T 2 g 2 2  9.8
Soln: †`vjbKvj, T =2  Kvh©Kix •`N©¨, L = 2 = = 0.993 m Ans.
g 4 4 2
07. GKwU †m‡KÛ †`vj‡Ki •`N©¨ 1m, ‡h †`vjKwU cÖwZ wgwb‡U 25 evi †`vj †`q, Zvi •`N©¨ KZ?
2
T  2
 L1 = 
60 2.4 
Soln: T1 = 2s; T2=  2.4s  L2 =  2  1 = 1.44 m Ans.
25  T1   2 
L
09. †Kvb ¯v‡b GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki †¶‡Î 2 Gi gvb cix¶vq 0.25 ms–2 cvIqv †Mj| H ¯v‡b g Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
T
L
L
Soln: †`vjbKvj, T = 2  g = 42 T 2 = 42  0.25 = 9.86 ms–2 Ans.
g
12. gy³fv‡e †Kvb cošÍ e¯‧i Z¡iY g wbY©q Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb QvÎ GKwU mij †`vj‡Ki •`N©¨ ℓ cwieZ©b K‡i wfbœ wfbœ ℓ Gi Rb¨ †`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj
2
T cwigvc Kij| Gevi †m T (y–axis) ebvg ℓ (x–axis) †jLwPÎ G‡K Xvj S †ei Ki‡jv| g Gi gvb KZ?
y  axis T 2   1
Solve: Xvj, S =  , †`vjbKvj, T= 2  g = 4  2 2 = 4 2 .
x  axix  g T S
13. GKwU mij †`vjb MwZ m¤úbœ KYvi we¯Ívi 0.1 m ch©vqKvj 4s Ges Avw` `kv 30˚| D³ KYvwUi †`vjbMwZi mgxKiY †ei Ki|
 2   2   
Sol : x = A sin(t + ) = A sin   t    = 0.1 sin  t   mgxKiY, x = 0.1 sin  t   Ans.
n
 T   4 6   2 6
d2x
01. 4 2 + 100x = 0 mgxKiY Øviv ewY©Z Qw›`Z MwZi
dt
(i) †K․wYK K¤úv¼- Ans: 5 s-1 (ii)K¤cv¼ (iii)ch©vqKvj wbY©q Ki|
04. mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`b MwZ‡Z MwZkxj †Kvb KYvi miY hw` we¯Ív‡ii A‡a©K nq, Z‡e ZLb Dnvi wefekw³ I MwZkw³i AbycvZ KZ?

LAMBDA
A.1:1 B. 2:1 C. 3:1 D. †KvbwUB bq

05. ¯ú›`bkxj KYvi Ae¯v‡bi ivwkgvjv x  4(cost  sin t ), Gi we¯Ívi n‡e-
A. 8 B. -4 C. 4 D. 4 2
cÖ‡qvRbxq m–Îvewj
d2x
(i) MwZi mgxKiY, x = A sin(t + ) (ii) MwZi e¨veKjYxq mgxKiY, + 2x
dt 2
=0
(iii)mvg¨ve¯v †_‡K x mi‡Y Z¡iY, a = – 2x (iv) me©vwaK Z¡iY, amax= 2A
(v) mvg¨ve¯v †_‡K x mi‡Y †eM,v =  A2 – x2 (vi) me©vwaK †eM, vmax = A
(vii)w¯wZkw³ 
1
2
1
m2 x 2 (viii) MwZkw³ m2 A 2  x 2
2
  (ix) ‡gvU kw³ =
1
2
1
m2 A 2 = kA 2
2
¸iæZ¡c~Y© MvwYwZK mgm¨vewj I mgvavb
05. 10 kg f‡ii GK wkï 4 m •`‡N©ï GKwU †`vjbvq `yj‡Q| †`vj‡bi we¯Ívi 0.5 m| wkïwUi me©vwaK †eM KZ?
L 4 2 2
Soln: T = 2 = 2 = 4s m‡e©v‪P †eM, vmax = A = A=  0.5 = 0.785 ms–1 Ans.
g 9.8 T 4
08. GKwU mij †`vjb MwZ m¤úbœ KYvi we¯Ívi 0.1 m ch©vqKvj 4s Ges Avw` `kv 30˚| D³ KYvwUi †`vjbMwZi mgxKiY †ei Ki|
 2   2   
Soln: x = A sin(t + ) = A sin   t    = 0.1 sin  t   mgxKiY, x = 0.1 sin  t   Ans.
 T   4 6 2 6
01. mij †iLv eivei mij Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡b ¯úw›`Z GKwU KYvi we¯Ívvi 0.05 m Ges ch©vq Kvj 12 s
i Gi m‡e©v‪P KZ? Ans : 0.02618ms 1 ii  Gi m‡e©v‪P Z¡iY KZ? Ans : 0.0137ms 2
iii  e¯‧wUi 0.005 m mi‡Y †eM KZ n‡e? Ans : 0.0260ms 1
iv  0.005 m mi‡Y Z¡i‡Yi gvb KZ? Ans : 1.37  103 ms 2
03. GKwU w¯cÖs wbw³‡Z m kg fi eySv‡j †`vjbKvj T s nq| wbw³i w¯cÖs aªæeK KZ?
m m
Soln: †`vjbKvj, T = 2 ; wbw³i w¯úªs aªæeK, k = 42 2
k T
06. ‡Kvb w¯úªs Gi GKcÖv‡šÍ 10 gm f‡ii GKwU e¯‧ Szjv‡j GwU 9.8 m cÖmvwiZ nq| e¯‧wU‡K GKUz †U‡b †Q‡o w`‡j Gi ch©vqKvj KZ?
x 9.8
Soln: ch©vqKvj, T = 2 = 2 = 6.28 s Ans.
g 9.8
08. GKwU fiwenxb w¯úªs-Gi GK cÖvšÍ `„pfv‡e AvU‡K †i‡L Aci cÖv‡šÍ 500 gm fi Szwj‡q w`‡j GKUz †U‡b †Q‡o †`qv nj| w¯úªswUi w¯úªs aªæeK
200 Nm–1 n‡j Gi K¤úv¼ KZ?
1 k 1 200
Soln: K¤úv¼, n = =  = 3.18 Hz Ans.
2 m 2  3.14 0.5
11. GKwU w¯úªs‡qi AMÖfv‡M 0.2 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧ Szwj‡q w`‡j w¯úªswU 0.10 m j¤^v nq| w¯úªswU‡K AZtci 510–2 m †U‡b †Q‡o †`qv nj,
(i) w¯úªs aªæeK (ii) m‡e©v‪P Z¡iY (iii) m‡e©v‪P †eM (iv) †`vjbKvj (v) †`vj‡bi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki|
F mg 0.2  9.8 k 19.6
Soln: (i) k = = = = 19.6 Nm–1 (ii) amax= 2A =   A = 510–2 = 4.9 ms–2
x x 0.1 m 0.2
k 19.6 m 0.2
(iii) vmax = A = A = 510–2 = 0.49 ms–1 (iv) T = 2 = 2 = 0.63 s
m 0.2 k 19.6
(v) A = 510–2 m Ans.
13. 100 g f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K w¯úªs‡qi GKcÖv‡šÍ mshy³ K‡i GKwU Nl©Ywenxb †Uwe‡ji Dci †i‡L 5N ej cÖ‡qvM Kivq w¯úªswU 0.2 m cÖmvwiZ nq|
(i) w¯úªs aªæe KZ? (ii) †`vjbKvj I wd«‡Kv‡qÝx KZ?
F 5 m 0 .1 1 1
Soln: (i) k = = = 25 Nm–1 (ii)T =2 =2 = 0.4s  n= = =2.5 Hz Ans.
x 0 .2 k 25 T 0 .4
14. Nl©Ywenxb †Uwe‡ji Dci 2 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‧‡K bMY¨ f‡ii GKwU w¯ús‡qi AMÖfv‡Mi ms¯ú‡k© Abyf–wgK Z‡j ivLv n‡q‡Q| w¯úªswUi Aci cÖvšÍ
h_v¯v‡b wVK †i‡L e¯‧i cÖv‡šÍ 400 N ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j w¯úªswU 2m msKzwPZ nq| w¯úªswU‡K Zvi ¯^vfvweK •`N©¨ †_‡K 1m msKzwPZ Ki‡Z wK cwigvY KvR
Ki‡Z n‡e?
LAMBDA
F 400 1 1
Soln: (i) w¯úªs aªæeK, k = = = 200 Nm–1; (ii) KvR, W = kx2 = 200 12 = 100 J Ans.
x 2 2 2
16. GKwU e¯‧‡K w¯úªs Qw›`Z ¯ú›`‡Ki ej aªæeK k = 18 Nm–1 Ges A = 58 mm we¯Ív‡i ¯úw›`Z n‡Z _v‡K| ¯ú›`‡Ki hvwš¿K kw³ wbY©q Ki|
1 1
Soln: ¯ú›`‡Ki hvwš¿K kw³, E = kA2 =  18(0.058)2 = 0.03 J Ans.
2 2
2
21.GKwU mij †`vjMwZi we¯Ívi A Ges †`vjbKvj T, Gi m‡e©v‪P †eM KZ? m‡e©v‪P †eM, vmax =A= A Ans.
T
2
05.Ae¯vb mv‡c‡¶ GK Pµ cwigv‡Y Mo MwZkw³ n‡e-  †gvU kw³
B.
3
06. x = A sin ( t   ) Giƒc ¯ú›`bkxj †Kvb KYvi †¶‡Î α Gi gvb wbf©i K‡i- A. t = 0 mg‡q e¯‧KYvi Ae¯v‡bi Dci
11. GKwU w¯cÖs‡qi GK cÖv‡šÍ †Svjv‡bv GKwU fi‡K wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j Zvi K¤úvsK- D. 1.4 ¸Y Kg‡e
14. GKwU †`vj‡Ki MwZi mgxKiY y = 10 sin(6t) n‡j †`vjKwUi Z¡iY mg‡qi mv‡_ wKfv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq? [SUST. 14-15]
A. a B. a C. a D. a t E. a
t t t t
02. 1.297m Zi½ •`N©¨ wewkó myi kjvKv †_‡K m„ó kã evqy‡Z 3s G 996 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| k‡ãi K¤úv‡¼i gvb KZ?
v s 996
Soln : K¤úv¼, n =    256Hz Ans.
 t 1.297  3
03. evqy‡Z k‡ãi †eM 332ms–1| evqy‡Z 664 Hz K¤úv‡¼i GKwU my‡iwj KvUvwUi 100wU ú~Y© K¤úbKv‡j KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e?
v 332
Soln : `~iZ¡, s = N  N   100   50m Ans.
n 664
04. Mo wnmv‡e k‡ãi me©wb¤œ D`NvwUZ wúP nj 20Hz I m‡e©v‪P D`NvwUZ wúP nj 20000 Hz| evqy‡Z Dfq wúPhy³ k‡ãi Zi½ •`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| [ai v
= 320ms–1 ]
v 320 v 320
Soln : n«¯^Zg Zi½ •`N©¨,     0.016m ; `xN©Zg Zi½ •`N©¨,     16m Ans.
n 20,000 n 20
09. GKwU myi kjvKv KZ…©K evqy‡Z m„ó k‡ãi Zi½ •`N©¨ 1.0m Ges nvB‡Wªv‡R‡b m„ó k‡ãi Zi½-•`N©¨ 4.0m| evqy‡Z k‡ãi †eM 332ms–1 n‡j
nvB‡Wªv‡R‡b k‡ãi †eM †ei Ki? H kã nvB‡Wªv‡R‡b 5 sec-G KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e?
H 4
Soln : [wfbœ gva¨‡g n aªæe] v H2  2  v a   332  1328ms 1  s H2  v H2  t =13285=6640m Ans.
a 1
10. ‡Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó gva¨‡g 450 Hz I 350 Hz K¤úv‡¼i `yÕwU kã Zi½‣`‡N©ï úv_©K¨ 2m n‡j, gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM KZ?
Soln : †h‡nZz 1g gva¨‡g k‡ãi K¤úv¼, 2q gva¨‡g K¤úv‡¼i Zzjbvq †ewk;†m‡nZz, 2 > 1[GKB gva¨‡g v aªæe]
v v v v
   2  1      2  gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM, v=3150 ms–1 Ans.
n 2 n1 350 450
12. P I Q `ywU gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM h_vµ‡g 300 ms–1 Ges 340 ms–1| gva¨g `ywU‡Z k‡ãi Zi½‣`‡N©ï úv_©K¨ 0.2m n‡j myi kjvKvi 50 K¤ú‡b
kã Q gva¨‡g KZ`~i hv‡e?
Soln : †h‡nZz Q gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM P gva¨‡g k‡ãi †e‡Mi Zzjbvq †ewk; †m‡nZz, Q >P| [wfbœ gva¨‡g n aªæe]
vQ vP 340 300
Q –P = 0.2    0.2    0.2 n = 200Hz;
n n n n
vQ 340
Q gva¨‡g `~iZ¡, sQ = NQ = N  50   85m Ans.
n 200
13. evqy I úvwb‡Z 320 mvBKj/ †m‡KÛ K¤úv‡¼i GKwU k‡ãi Zi½ •`‡N©ï úv_©K¨ 3.9 wgUvi nq| evqy‡Z k‡ãi †eM 352 wgUvi/†m‡KÛ n‡j úvwb‡Z
k‡ãi †eM wbY©q Ki?
Soln : †h‡nZz úvwb‡Z k‡ãi †eM evqy‡Z k‡ãi †e‡Mi Zzjbvq †ewk †m‡nZz, w > a | [wfbœ gva¨‡g n aªæe]
v w va v 352
w  a  3.9    3.9  w   3.9  úvwb‡Z k‡ãi †eM, vw = 1600 ms–1 Ans.
n n 320 320
11. ‡Kvb gva¨‡g GKwU myikjvKvi K¤úv¼ 500 Hz
i H gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM 350ms 1 n‡j Zi½ •`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| myikjvKvi 50 K¤ú‡b kã gva¨‡g KZ`~i AMÖmi n‡e?
Ans : 35m
ii  H gva¨‡g myikjvKvi k‡ãi Zi½ •`N©¨ 2m n‡j gva¨‡g k‡ãi †eM wbY©q Ki| Ans : 100ms 1

LAMBDA
iii  hw` H gva¨‡g kã 3s G 1020 m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Z‡e myi kjvKvi Zi½ •`‡N©ï gvb KZ? H gva¨‡g kã 100 K¤ú‡b KZ `~i AMÖmi
n‡e? Ans : 0.68m,68m
iv  Zi‡½i úiúi `ywU wb¯ú›` we›`yi `~iZ¡ 0.85 m Zi½ •`N©¨ Ges k‡ãi †eM wbY©q Ki| Ans : 850ms 1
v  Zi‡½i úvkvúvwk `ywU my¯ú›` I wb¯ú›` we›`yi gaëZx© `~iZ¡ 0.25 m | Zi½ •`N©¨ I Zi½ †eM wbY©q Ki| Ans : 1m ,500ms 1
viii hw` `ywU Zi‡½i úÖwZwUi Zi½ •`N©¨ 12cm | hw` GKwU n‡Z Aúi Zi½ 14cm AMÖMvgx nq Z‡e G‡ì ga¨Kvi `kv úv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki
 t x 
02. Y  0.8 sin 2   GKwU AMÖMvgx Zi‡½i mgxKiY| GLv‡b x Ges y cm GK‡K cÖKvwkZ| Zi½wUi i  we¯Ívi ii  Zi½ •`N©¨
 0.3 30 
iii  K¤úv¼ iv  †eM wbY©q Ki?
Solve : i  we¯Ívi A  0.8cm ii  Zi½ •`N©¨   30 cm iii  ch©vqKvj T  0.3s
iv  K¤úv¼ f  1  3.333Hz v  †eM v    30  100cms 1

T T 0.3
Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ (Ideal Gas and Kinetics of Gases)

M¨v‡mi m~Îmg~nt
e‡q‡ji m~Î (1662)
Pvj©m Gi m~Î
Pvj©m Gi m~Î n‡Z cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvi aviYv cvIqv hvq |
cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvt0K ,-273C; cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq Aa©cwievnx Av`k© Aš‭iK |
Z_¨ mZ¨ cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq ZvwË¡Kfv‡e M¨v‡mi AvqZb k~b¨ nq |ev¯Í‡e 0K ZvcgvÎvq †c․Qv‡bv m¤¢e bq | 10-4K ZvcgvÎv
ch©šÍ †c․Qv‡bv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q | cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ k~b¨ |
Av`k© M¨v‡mi mg‡cÖl †iLv (V ebvg T, ˚C †jLwPÎ) -273C wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq ZvcgvÎv A¶‡K †Q` K‡i|
†Mjym¨vK Gi Pv‡ci m~Î
A¨v†fv†M‡Wªvi m~Î GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mg AvqZb wewkó mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K AYy _v‡K|
Note: ïay M¨vm Gi Rb¨ m~ÎwU cÖ‡hvR¨| Zij ev KwVb Gi Rb¨ bq|
A¨v†fv†M‡Wªvi m~†Îi 1gt wbw®…q M¨vm ¸‡jv 1 cvigvYweK,Ab¨ †g․wjK M¨vm wØcvigvYweK|
wZbwU Abywm×vš‭ wbw®…q M¨vmt He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe,Rn(Noble Gas,AwfRvZ M¨vm) Ab¨vb¨ †g․wjK M¨vmt H2,N2,O2
2qt M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi= ev®c NYZ¡ 2
3q t cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c 1 †gvj cwigvY †h‡Kvb M¨vm Gi AvqZb 22.4 wjUvi |
Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY Note: ev¯‭‡e Av`k© M¨vm cvIqv m¤¢e nqwb |hvi AvbweK fi hZ Kg,‡mwU ZZ mwVK fv‡e Av`k© M¨vm m~Î †g‡b P‡j |
AvYweK fi evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY n‡Z wePÿwZ I ZZ ev‡o |
ev¯‭e M¨vm ( )( [Here a & b Constant]
mgxKiY/f¨vÛvi Iqvjm
mgxKiY 32g O2 Gi Rb¨ f¨vÛvi Iqvjm mgxKiY wjLt
32g O2=1 mol; ( )(
•Îa we›`y/Tripple Point m½vt †h ZvcgvÎvq M¨vm,Zij, KwVb GB wZbwU Ae¯v Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯vq Ae¯vb K‡i |
cvwbi •Îa we›`y t 273.16 K ,00C,320F,4.58mm(Hg) Pvc
•Îa we›`y‡Z eid mivmwi ev‡®c cwiYZ nIqv m¤¢e |
†gvjvi M¨vm aªyeK M¨vm aªæeK R G wewfbœ gvb: S.I GK‡K R=8.31 Jk~1 mole–1; C.G.S c×wZ‡Z R = 8.31107 ergk-1
mole–1 L-atm GK‡K R=0.0821 Latmmol-1k-1
†evëRg¨vb aªæeK AYy cÖwZ M¨vm aªye‡Ki gvb | =1.38  1023 JK-1
†evëRg¨vb aªæeK Gi gvb 1.38  1023 JK~1
cÖgvY Pvc: mgy`ªc„‡ô 45˚ A¶vs‡k 273K ZvcgvÎvq Dj¤^ fv‡e Aew¯Z 760 mm D‪PZv wewkó ï®‥ I weï× cvi` ¯Í¤¢ †h Pvc
†`q Zv‡K cÖgvY Pvc e‡j| cÖgvY Pvc = 760 mm cvi` ¯Í¤¢ Pvc = 0.7613596 Kgm~3  9.80 ms–2 =
1.013  105 Nm-2 [p = hg] =1.013  105 Pa = 760 mm Hg P = 76 cm HgP
Mo gy³ c_ cÖgvY evqygÛwjq Pv‡c nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi Mo gy³ c_ cÖvq 10–7 m
kw³i mgwefvRb †Kv‡bv MZxq ms¯vi †gvU kw³ Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯vq cÖwZwU ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi g‡a¨ mgfv‡e ewY©Z nq Ges cÖwZwU ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi
bxwZ t

LAMBDA
1
kw³i cwigvY  KT |
2
¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv t GKwU e¯‧i MwZkxj Ae¯v ev Ae¯vb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ hZ msL¨K ¯^vaxb Pjivwki cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv
5
e‡j| H2, N2, CO2 BZ¨vw` wØ-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 5| wØ-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi kw³i cwigvY  KT |
2
3
GK-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 3| GK-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi kw³i cwigvY  KT |
2
¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv : •iwLK MwZi Rb¨ t 3 AveZ©b MwZi Rb¨ t2 Pjb N~Y©b MwZi Rb¨ t5
ev®ú †Kv‡bv M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i ZvcgvÎv Gi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v Kg n‡j Zv‡K ev®ú e‡j|
Am¤ú„³: cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg| m¤ú„³: cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgcwigvb| AwZc„³:cÖ‡qvR‡bi ‡P‡q †ewk|
ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z evqyi Rwjqev®ú aviY ÿgZv ev‡o|
M¨vm †Kv‡bv M¨vmxq c`v_© Gi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v AwaK ZvcgvÎvq _vK‡j Zv‡K M¨vm e‡j|
wkwkiv¼  †h ZvcgvÎvq GKwU wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy Zvi wfZ‡ii Rwjq ev®úØviv m¤ú„³ nq Zv‡K H evqyi wkwkiv¼ e‡j|
evqyi ZvcgvÎv = wkwkiv¼evqy m¤c„³ Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv 100%
evqyi ZvcgvÎv>wkwkiv¼ evqy Am¤c„³ Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv <100%
evqyi ZvcgvÎv<wkwkiv¼ evqy m¤c„³+AwZwi³ Rjxqev®c wkwki co‡e
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKwU wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z †h cwigvY Rjxq ev®ú _v‡K H ZvcgvÎvq H AvqZ‡bi evqy‡K
m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY Rjxq ev‡®úi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡ì AbycvZ‡K Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv e‡j|
f
Av‡cw¶K Av`©ªZv   100% ,  1  G (1   2 )
F
evqyi Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv Kg n‡j ev®úvqvb ― A. ZvovZvwo n‡e
Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv hZ †ewk n‡e Mv‡qi Nvg ïKv‡Z ZZ †ewk mgq jvM‡e ,ZZ †ewk A¯^w¯‭ jvM‡e | Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv
Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv †ewk n‡j Kvco ïKv‡ZI †ewk mgq jvM‡e|
Am¤c„³ ev®cPvc<m¤c„³ ev®cPvc
Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î-_v‡g©vwgUvi `ywUi cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ -
Kg n‡j c~e©vfv‡m Av`ª© AvenvIqv D‡jøL Kiv hvq
Lye †ekx n‡j, c~e©vfv‡m ejv hvq AvenvIqv ï®‥|
ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡j e„wói m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
nVvr n«vm †c‡j S‡oi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
cig Av`ª©Zv:  †Kv‡bv mgq †Kv‡bv ¯v‡bi GKK AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z †h cwigvY Rwjq ev®ú_v‡K Zv‡K H evqyi cig Av`ª©Zv
e‡j| cig Av`ªZvi GKK kgm-3
04. GK UzKiv KK©hy³ 0C ZvcgvÎvi GKwU eidLÛ eid-cvwb‡Z fvmgvb| eidLÛwU M‡j †M‡j cvwbi ¯Í‡ii D‪PZvt C. mgvb _vK‡e
09.‡Kvb e¨w³ ce©‡Zi P‚ovq cvwb dzUv‡Z PvB‡j cvwbi cvÎ‡K †h ZvcgvÎvq DËß Ki‡Z n‡e Zv- B. lower than 100C
AYy ev cigvYy K_vwU bv‡gi Av‡M _vK‡j Zv †gvj wb‡`©k K‡i | 40g Aw·‡Rb AYy=40g ; 40g AYy Aw·‡Rb=40mol=1280 g
200 C ZvcgvÎvq I 740 mm ( Hg ) Pv‡c 0.842 g GKwU M¨v‡m 400 ml AvqZb `Lj K‡i| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi KZ? Ans : 51 .94 g
0
30 C ZvcgvÎv I 95 kpa Pv‡c 250 ml M¨v‡mi fi 0.2 g nq| H M¨v‡mi AvYweK fi KZ? Ans : 21 .2
90 g cvwb‡Z KZwU cvwbi Aby Av‡Q| Ans : 3.0111024 wU KZwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy Av‡Q Av‡Q| Ans : 6.022  10 24 wU
cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c 10 ml NH3 M¨v‡mi fi? Ans : 7.58 103 g
S T P ‡Z 200 ml CO2 gas G KZwU Aby _v‡K? Ans : 5.377 1021 wU
270 C ZvcgvÎvq I 740 mm ( Hg ) Pv‡c 1L SO2gas G KqwU Aby _v‡K? wU Ans : 2.382  1022 wU
300 wU ¯^v¶i w`‡Z MÖvdvBU †cwÝ‡ji 30 mg LiP nq| cÖwZwU ¯^v¶‡i KZwU Kve©b cigvYy LiP nq|
03.18gm wnwjqvg M¨vm c~Y© GKwU †ejy‡bi AvqZb 0.10 m3| †ejy‡bi wfZ‡i M¨v‡mi Pvc 1.2105 Nm~2| †ejy‡bi gaëZx© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ?
PV M 1.2  10  0.1 4 10 3
5
m
Soln: PV = RT ZvcgvÎv, T =  =  = 320.9 K Ans.
M R m 8.31 18 10 3
05.GKwU †Lvjv wjUvi d¬v‡¯‥ 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq 1.3210–3 kg evqy Av‡Q| 91˚C ZvcgvÎvq d¬v¯‥ n‡Z Kx cwigvY evqy †ei n‡q hv‡e?
m 1 T 273
Soln: PV = RT ; mα  m2 = 1 m1 = 1.3210–3 = 9.910–4 kg
M T T2 91  273
 d¬v¯‥ n‡Z AcmvwiZ evqy= 1.3210–3 kg – 9.910–4 kg = 3.310–4 kg Ans.

LAMBDA
04:
i) 270 c ZvcgvÎvq 1g AYy CO2 M¨v‡mi MwZ kw³ KZ?
ii) 100 c ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi r.m.s †ei Ki?
iii) 270 c ZvcgvÎvq 5g Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi MwZ kw³ KZ?
iv) 250 c ZvcgvÎvq GK AYy CO2 Gi Mo MwZ kw³ KZ?
v) 250 c ZvcgvÎvq 5g Aby CO2 Gi MwZ kw³ KZ?
vi) 00 c ZvcgvÎvq 200 mL CO2 M¨v‡mi MwZ kw³ KZ?
270 c ZvcgvÎvq 200 mL CO2 M¨v‡mi MwZ kw³ KZ?
270 c ZvcgvÎvq 5 AYy O2 M¨v‡mi †gvU kw³ KZ?
20. Avgiv k¦vm cÖk¦v‡m 1.0 L evqy †meb Ki‡j (i) †gvU KZ¸‡jv AYy †meb K‡i _vwK? (ii) mvaviY ZvcgvÎvq (27˚C) H AYy¸‡jvi Mo MwZkw³
KZ wQj?
V x VN A 1 6.023 10 23
Soln: (i)  †gvU AYy, x =  = 2.71022
22.4 N A 22.4 22.4
(ii) Mo MwZkw³, E = 32 kT = 32 (1.3810–23)  300 = 6.2110–21 J Ans.
21. 1m3 Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi fi KZ?
m V m 1  10 3
Soln: =  =  M¨v‡mi fi, m=1.43kg Ans.
M 22.4 32  10 3 22.4
02.‡Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy eyèy‡ì AvqZb 5 ¸Y nq| n«‡ì c„‡ô evqy gÛ‡ji Pvc ¯^vfvweK Pv‡ci mgvb n‡j n«‡ì
MfxiZv KZ? Ans : 72.13mm
h  n  1  10.33m  5  1  10.33  41.33m
01.‡Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy eyèy‡ì e¨vm wØ¸Y nq| n«‡ì c„‡ô evqy gÛ‡ji Pvc ¯^vfvweK Pv‡ci mgvb n‡j n«‡ì
MfxiZv KZ? Ans : 72.13mm
01. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ 1.25 kgm~3 n‡j 100˚C ZvcgvÎv bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM wbY©q Ki|
3RT 3  8.314  373
Soln: eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C = = = 576.42 ms–1 Ans.
M 28  10 3
05. N.T.P. †Z O2 M¨v‡mi AYy¸wji Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| [N.T.P. †Z  =1.43 kgm~3]
3P 3  (1.013  10 5 )
Soln: eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C = = = 461 ms–1 Ans.
 1.43
07. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb‡K Av`k© a‡i Ges AYy¸wji g~j Mo eM©‡eM 2000 ms–1 Ges NbZ¡ 0.09 kg m-3g‡b K‡i M¨v‡mi Pvc †ei Ki|
3P C 2 (2000) 2  0.09
Soln: eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C =  M¨v‡mi Pvc, P = = = 1.2105 Nm-2 Ans.
 3 3
09. wZbwU M¨vm Abyi †eM n‡‪Q 25 ms–1, 30 ms–1, 35 ms–1 Zv‡ì g~j Mo †e‡Mi gvb KZ n‡e?
C1  C 2  C 3 252  30 2  352
2 2 2
Soln: eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C = = =30.3ms-1Ans.
3 3
01. †Kvb ¯v‡b †Kvb GKw`b evqyi ZvcgvÎv 18˚C I wkwkiv¼ 12˚C| 18˚C I 12˚C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc h_vµ‡g 15.4810–3 m I
10.5210–3 m cvi`| H w`‡bi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv KZ?
f 10.52  10 3
Soln: Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv, R = 100% =  100% = 67.95% Ans.
F 15.48  10 3
02. †Kvb GKw`‡bi wkwkiv¼ 10˚C I Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv 67.30%| H w`‡bi evqyi m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc KZ? [10˚C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rwjq ev®úPvc
13.6410–3 m]
3
f 13.64  10
100%  67.30% =
Soln: Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv, R = 100%  F = 2.0310–4 m Ans.
F F
04. ‡Kvb GKw`‡b wkwkiv¼ 7.5˚C Ges evqyi ZvcgvÎv 18.5˚C, 7˚C, 8˚C, 18˚C I 19˚C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rwjq ev®úPvc h_vµ‡g 7.5310–3
m, 8.0510–3 m, 15.4810–3 m I 16.4610–3 m cvi` n‡j Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv KZ?

LAMBDA
7.53 10 3  8.05  10 3

Soln: 7.5˚C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc, f = = 7.7910–3 m ;
2
15.48  10 3  16.48  10 3
18.5˚C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc, F = = 15.9710–3 m ;
2
f 7.79  10 3
 Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv, R = 100% =  100% = 48.78% Ans.
F 15.97  10 3
01. GKwU M¨vm AYyi e¨vm 21010m Ges cÖwZ Nb †mw›UwgUv‡i AYyi msL¨v 31019 n‡j M¨vm AYyi Mo gy³c_ n‡e -
[DU 16-17]
A. 3103cm B. 3104cm C. 3105cm D. 6106cm
ZvcMwZwe`¨v (Thermodynamics)
†¯‥‡ji bvg Avwe®‥viK I mvj ms‡KZ wb¤œw¯ivsK EaŸ©w¯ivsK ‡g․wjK eëavb
‡mw›U‡MÖW myBwWk weÁvbx †mjwmqvm: 1742 C 0˚ 100˚ 100
dv‡ibnvBU Rvg©vb weÁvbx dv‡ibnvBU; 1720 F 32˚ 212˚ 180
‡ivgvi divmx weÁvbx †ivgvi; 1731 R 0˚ 80˚ 80
‡Kjwfb e„wUk weÁvbx †Kjwfb; 1850 K 273˚ 373˚ 100
i¨vswKb myBwWk weÁvbx i¨vswKb, 1859 Rn 492˚ 672˚ 180
ZvcMZxq m~Îmgyn :
Zvc MwZ we`¨vi k~b¨Zg m~Î Zvc MwZwe`¨vi 1g m~Î t- Zvc MwZwe`¨vi 2q m~Ît-
ZvcgvÎvi aviYv cvIqv hvq KvR‡K 100% Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| W Q Zvc‡K 100% Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq bv|
_v‡g©vwgUvi •Zwii g~j wfwË kw³i msiÿYkxjZv bxwZi ewntcÖKvk ‡Kvb Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kg©`ÿZv 100% n‡Z cv‡i bv|
dQ = dU +dW (1g m~‡Îi MvwYwZK iƒc) Zvc‡K Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi mgq wKQy kw³ AcPq nq| G
AcPq K…Z kw³i bvg GbUªwc|
ZvcMZxq wm‡÷g Gi Dby¥³ wm‡óg wm‡÷g cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ fi I kw³ Df‡qB wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖKvi‡f` e× wm‡÷g ïay kw³ wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i wKš‧ fi wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
wew‪Qbœ wm‡÷g fi ev kw³ wKQzB wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
ZvcMZxq Pjivwk Pvc (P), AvqZb (V), I cig ZvcgvÎv (T) BZ¨vw` †hme ivwki mvnv‡h¨ eY©bv Kiv nq|
Av‡cwÿK Zvc (S) 1 ‡KwR e¯‧i ZvcgvÎv 1 K e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci cwigvY| gvÎvt GKKt Jkg-1K-1
ZvcaviY ÿgZv (C) ‡Kvb e¯‧i ZvcgvÎv 1 K e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci cwigvY| C=ms gvÎvt GKKt JK-1
Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc (l) 1kg f‡ii †Kvb KwVb e¯‧‡K m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c GK Ae¯v n‡Z Ab¨ Ae¯vq cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci cwigvY|
dzUš‭ cvwb /MwjZ eid (hLb Ae¯v‡bi cwieZ©b nq) Gi Av‡cw¶K Zvc Amxg
‡gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc (C) 1 †gvj cwigvY †h †Kvb M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1 ‡Kjwfb e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci cwigvY|
gvÎv t GKK t J mole-1K-1
‡gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zv‡ci w¯i Pv‡ci ‡gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc (Cp) Pvc w¯i †i‡L 1 †gvj M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1 †Kjwfb evov‡Z
cÖKvi‡f` cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc|
w¯i AvqZ‡b †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc (Cv) AvqZb w¯i †i‡L 1 †gvj M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1 †Kjwfb
evov‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc|
GbUªwc t-
iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq e¯‧i †h Zvcxq ag© w¯i _v‡K Zvi bvg GbUªwc|
GbUªwc kw³i AcPq wek„‫‫‬LjZv|
‡h hZ †ewk wek„‫‫‬Lj Zvi GbUªwc ZZ †ewk| †h †ewk myk„‫‫‬Lj Zvi GbUªwc ZZ Kg|
‡Kvb e¯‧i GbUªwci cwigvY wbY©q m¤¢e bq| Z‡e GbUªwci cwieZ©b †ei Kiv m¤¢e|
c„w_exi GbUªwc w`b w`b e„w× cv‡‪Q| AcPq e„w× cv‡‪Q GK ch©v‡q GbUªwc 100% n‡e| kw³i iƒcvšÍi m¤¢e n‡e bv| GB Ae¯vq bvg
c„w_exi Zvcxq g„Zz¨|
KwVb Ae¯v †_‡K Zij Ae¯vq iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ G›Uªwc e„w× cvq Ges M¨vmxq Ae¯vq G›Uªwc me‡P‡q †ewk| cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq G›Uªwc k~b¨ gv‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nq|
†Kvb e¯‧i GbUªwc wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq wKš‧ GbUªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e |†hgb 100 C ZvcgvÎvi 5kg cvwbi GbwUªwc Awb‡Y©q |
cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqv: 100% wecixZ gyLx c~‡e©i Ae¯vq wd‡i Av‡m GbUªwci cwieZ©b k~b¨ (GbUªwc k~b¨ bq) GbUªwc
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqv: 100% c~‡e©i Ae¯vq wd‡i Avm‡Z cvi‡e bv wKQz kw³ AcPq nq GbUªwc e„w× cvq|

LAMBDA
Zvc BwÄ‡bi ZvcMÖvnK Gi ZvcgvÎv k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
Kv‡b©vi BwÄb: KvíwbK Zvc BwÄb| hvi `ÿZv 100%| Kv‡b©vi BwÄ‡bi ZvcMÖvnK Gi ZvcgvÎv k~b¨| Kv‡Y©vi P‡µ †gvU GbUªwci cwieZ©b k~Y¨|
Kv‡b©vi BwÄ‡bi `ywU Ask :
1. wmwjÛvi 2.D‪P Zvc aviY ÿgZv m¤úbœ DËß e¯‧ | Zvc Drm (ZvcgvÎv T1)
3. D‪P Zvc aviY ÿgZv m¤úbœ kxZj e¯‧| Zvc MÖvnK (ZvcgvÎv T2) T1>>T2 4.Zvc AšÍiK
Kv‡Y©vi P‡µi PviwU avct
1g avc (m‡gvò cÖmviY)t wmwjÛvi Zvc Dr‡m emv‡bv nq|
w1 = ABGE Gi †ÿÎdj
2q avc (iæ×Zvcxq cÖmviY): wmwjÛvi Zvc wb‡ivaK Avm‡bi Dci emv‡bv nq
3q avc: (m‡gvò ms‡KvPb): ZvcMÖvn‡Ki Dci emv‡b nq|
w3 = CDFH Gi †ÿÎdj
4_© avc (iæ×Zvcxq ms‡KvPb): Zvc wb‡ivaK Avm‡bi Dci emv‡bv nq|
W4 = DAEF Gi †ÿÎdj:
K…ZKvR: W = w1 + w2 – w3 – w4 = ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj
A_©vr Kv‡b©vi P‡µ Kvh©Kix c`v_© KZ…©K K…ZKvR wb‡`©kK wP‡Îi `ywU m‡gvò I iæ×Zvcxq †iLv Øviv
Ave× †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb|
wewfbœ ai‡bi ZvcMZxq cÖwµqvt
m‡gvò cÖwµqv: iy×Zvcxq cÖwµqv: aªye AvqZwbK cÖwµqv: mgPvcxq cÖwµqv:
(DòZv/ ZvcgvÎv w¯i:ZvB (Zvc w¯i: ZvB Zv‡ci cwieZ©b (AvqZb w¯i: ZvB AvqZ‡bi (Pvc w¯i: ZvB Pv‡ci cwieZ©b
ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b dQ=0) cwieZ©b dV=0, PdV=0 dP=0,wKš‧ P≠0)
dT=0, dU=0) GbUªwc w¯i _v‡K | ⟹dW=0)
dQ = dU+dW dQ = dU +dW dQ =dU +dW dQ =dU +dW
dQ = 0+dW 0 = dU+ dw dQ = dU + dW dQ = dU+PdV
dQ = dW dU = - dW dQ = dU dQ = dU + dW
A_©vr evB‡i †_‡K cÖ`vbK…Z mg¯Í m‡gvò cÖwµqvq ZvcgvÎv I AvqZb mg AvqZwbK cÖwµqvq evB‡i †_‡K
ZvcB ewn¯ KvR m¤úv`‡b e¨q mgvbycvwZK wK›Zz iæ×Zvcxq cÖ`vb K…Z mg¯Í ZvcB Af¨šÍixY
nq| cÖwµqvq ZvcgvÎv I AvqZb kw³ e„w×RwbZ Kv‡R e¨q nq|
e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK
NUbv cÖwµqv
500 J Zvc cÖ`vb Kivq 500 J ewn¯ KvR m¤cv`b Kij
AvqZb e„w× nIqvi Kvi‡Y ZvcgvÎv nªvm †cj
500 J Zvc eR©b Kivq Gi AšÍ¯ kw³ 500Jn«vm †cj
500 J Zvc cÖ`vb Kivq ZvcgvÎv e„w× †cj mv‡_ AvqZb I evoj
1
i ×Zvcxq ‡iLv m‡gvò †iLv A‡c¶v γ ¸Y Luvov Ges m‡gvò †iLv i ×Zvcxq †iLv A‡c¶v B. ¸Y Luvov
γ
cvwb ei‡d cwiYZ n‡j Gi AvqZb †e‡o hvq| cv‡Î †f‡m _vKv eid cvwb‡Z iƒcvš‭wiZ n‡j cvwbi D‪PZvi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv|cvÎ hw` cy‡ivUv ei‡d
c~Y© nq,‡m‡¶‡Î Zi‡j iƒcvš‭wiZ n‡j D‪PZv K‡g hv‡e|
Zi‡j fvmvi kZ© t e¯‧i NYZ¡< Zi‡ji NYZ¡t Zi‡j fvm‡e ; e¯‧i NYZ¡> Zi‡ji NYZ¡t Zi‡j fvm‡e bv|
Zij ev evqexq c`v‡_© e¯‧i nviv‡bv IRb= e¯‧wU Øviv AcmvwiZ mg AvqZb Zij ev evqexq c`v‡_©i IRb|
01. ‡Kvb e¨w³i kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv 370C n‡j Wv³vwi _v‡g©vwgUv‡i Zvi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv KZ †`Lv‡e?
C F  32 C 37
Soln: = Wv³vwi _v‡g©vwgUv‡i(dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥j) ZvcgvÎv, F = 9+32 = 9+32 = 98.6˚F Ans.
5 9 5 5
03. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi AvqZb me©wbgœ?
C F  32 C 4
Soln: 4˚ C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi AvqZb me©wbgœ| = F = 9 + 32 = 9 + 32 = 39.20F Ans.
5 9 5 5
04. Ggb GKwU ZvcgvÎv †ei Ki hvi gvb †mw›Uª‡MÖW Ges dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GK nq?  – 40˚C Ges – 40˚F Ans.
05. ‡Kvb ZvcgvÎvq dv‡ibnvBU I †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j GKB cvV †`Lvq? 574.25˚C Ges 574.25KAns.
06. `ywU ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ 25˚C| dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GB cv_©K¨ KZ n‡e †ei Ki|
Soln: dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨, F = 1.8 C = 1.8  25= 45˚F Ans.

LAMBDA
07. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji †Kvb& ZvcgvÎv †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‥‡ji ZvcgvÎv 5 ¸Y?

C F  32 x 5x  32
Soln: Let, C = x  F = 5x; Now, =  =  x = 10˚;  F = 50˚F Ans.
5 9 5 9
06. GK gM cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 1000 c n‡Z 400 c bvgv‡bv nj| dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j KZ cwieZ©b n‡e? Ans.1080 F
01. GKwU †iva _v‡g©vwgUv‡i eid we›`y I ÷xg we›`y‡Z †iva h_vµ‡g 10 Ges 40 cÖ`k©b K‡i| †Kvb GKwU DËß Zi‡j †iva 30 cÖ`k©b Ki‡j,
‡Kjwfb †¯‥‡j H _v‡g©vwgUv‡i Zi‡ji ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e?
K  273 R  R0 K  273 30  10
Soln: =   = Zi‡ji ZvcgvÎv ‡Kjwfb †¯‥‡j, K = 339.67KAns.
373  273 R 100  R 0 100 40  10
05. GKwU ÎywUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi MwjZ ei‡d 100C Ges dzUšÍ cvwb‡Z 900C cvV ‡`q| †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq GwU mwVK cvV w`‡e?
C X  X0 C C  10
Soln: =  = _v‡g©vwgUv‡i ZvcgvÎv †mw›Uª‡MÖW †¯‥‡j, C = 50˚C Ans.
100 X100  X 0 100 90  10
02. 2m3 AvqZb w¯i †i‡L †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc 106dyne/cm2 †_‡K 108dyne/cm2 Kiv n‡j, Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?
Soln: V=0 n‡j, Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W = PV= 0 Ans.
04. wc÷bhy³ GKwU wmwjÛv‡i wKQy M¨vm Ave× Av‡Q| M¨v‡mi Pvc 400 Pa-G w¯i †i‡L wm‡÷‡g ax‡i ax‡i 1800J Zvckw³ mieivn Kivq
1200J KvR m¤úvw`Z nq| M¨v‡mi AvqZb Ges AšÍt¯ kw³i cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki|
W 1200
Soln: W = PV  V = = = 3 m3; U = Q – W = 1800 – 1200 = 600 J Ans.
P 400
02. KZ D‪PZv n‡Z GKwU ei‡di UzKiv AwfK‡l©i Uv‡b co‡j †h Zvc Drcbœ n‡e Zv‡Z ei‡di 10% M‡j hv‡e?
0.10  L f 0.10  336000
Soln: w¯wZ kw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j, mgh = 0.10mLf h= = = 3.4103m Ans.
g 9.8
03. GKwU mxmvi ¸wj KZ †e‡M GKwU Abgbxq j¶ë¯‧‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡j ¸wji ZvcgvÎv 1.12˚C e„w× cv‡e? a‡i bvI †h, AvNv‡Z Drcbœ Zvc ïay ¸wj
Øviv †kvwlZ n‡q‡Q| [mxmvi Av‡cw¶K Zvc = 30 Cal kg–1 ˚C–1 Ges J = 4.2 J Cal–1]
Soln: MwZ kw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j, 12 mv2=msv= 2s = 2(304.2)1.12=16.8ms–1 Ans.
cwieZ©b cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc GbUªwci cwieZ©b
Ae¯vi cwieZ©b
L=Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc Zvc;eid Mj‡bi Av: myß Zvc 336000Jkg-1 ,

cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi Av: myß Zvc 2268000Jkg-1
ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b
∫
C=ZvcaviY ÿgZv
s= Av‡cwÿK Zvc,eid/ev®ú: 2100Jkg-1K-1,cvwb 4200 Jkg-1K-1
C1 1s1
(iii) Zvc aviY ¶gZv/ cvwbmg/ ZvcaviKZ¡, C=ms; Q=C; = [C1, C2 = GKK AvqZ‡b Zvc aviKZ¡]
C2  2 s2
03. `ywU e¯‧i Dcv`v‡bi Nb‡Z¡i AbycvZ 4 : 5 Zv‡ì Avt Zvc h_vµ‡g 0.12 Jkg–1K~1 I 0.09 J kg–1 K~1| G‡ì cÖwZ AvqZ‡bi Zvc
aviK‡Z¡i Zzjbv Ki|
C1 ms   V1  s1 4  1  0.12 C 16
Soln : Zvc aviKZ¡, C = ms ;  11  1   1  Ans.
C 2 m 2s 2  2  V2  s 2 5  1  0.09 C 2 15
04. 00 c ZvcgvÎvi 1 kg eid‡K 1000 c ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci cwigvb KZ? ev®úxfe‡bi myßZvc 2268000Jkg1
Soln : 00 c ZvcgvÎvi eid 00 c ZvcgvÎvi cvwb:
00 c ZvcgvÎvi cvwb 10 00 c ZvcgvÎvi cvwb:
1000C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb 10 00 c ZvcgvÎvi ev®ú:
‡gvU cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc =
05. 20C ZvcgvÎvi 20gm cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®úcwiYZ Ki‡Z G›Uªwci e„w× KZ?
T  mL 0  373  0.02  2.26  10
6
Soln : ds =ds1+ds2 = ms ln  1  + = 0.024200ln     141.46 JK~1 Ans.
 T2  T  293  373

LAMBDA
Gi gvb
R R GK cvigvbweK M¨vm : 1.66 ev Ex: wbw®…q M¨vm mg~n
C p  Cv  R; C p  , Cv  He,Ne,Ar etc
 1  1 wØ ,, H2,N2,O2,CO
(iv) ‡gvjvi M¨vm aªyeK, R= Cp – Cv = C V  C P ,, : 1.41 ev
SV SP wÎ/eû ,, SO2,CO2,O3 etc
,, : 1.33 ev
02.Kve©b WvB A·vBW M¨v‡mi Rb¨ w¯i AvqZ‡b I w¯i Pv‡c †gvjvi Av‡cw¶K Zvc wbY©q Ki?
R R
03.GK cvigvbweK Av`k© M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Cp I CV Gi gvb wbY©q Ki? Solve : Cp  Cv 
 1  1
01. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î Cp/Cv = x n‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU GK †gv‡ji Rb¨ mwVK? B. Cv = R/(x – 1)
03.GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄb eid we›`yi I ÷xg-we›`yi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ Av‡Q| BwÄbwUi `¶Zv KZ? Soln : T1 = 100˚C= 373K, T2 = 0˚C = 273K
 T   273 
BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv,   1  2   100%  1    100%  26.8% Ans.
 T1   373 
04. GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv 50%| hw` Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 300K nq, MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ?
 50 
Soln : Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv, T2  (1  )  T1  1    300  150 K Ans.
 100 
05. GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv 30%, Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 27C n‡j, Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ?
Soln : Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv, T2 = (1–)T1;
T2 300
Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv, T1    428.57 K  155.57C Ans.
1   1  0.30
06.GKwU KvY©U BwÄb 200K I 100K Ges Av‡iKwU KvY©U BwÄb 300K I 400K Gi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q| cÖ_gwUi Zzjbvq wØZxqwUi `¶Zv-

T2
)  100 0 0 (1  300 )
(1 
 T1 400 = 0.5' = 0.5 = 50% Ans.
Soln : cÖ_gwUi Zzjbvq wØZxqwUi `¶Zv, = =
 (1  T2 )  100 0 (1  100 )
0
T1 200
07.GKwU KvY©U BwÄb 300 K I 600 K ZvcgvÎvq †h `¶Zvq KvR K‡i, wVK mg`¶Zvq KvR K‡i T I 400K ZvcgvÎvq| Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv T n‡j,
ZvcgvÎv T Gi gvb KZ?
 T2   T 
Sol : = ' 1 
n 
 100% = 1  2 
100% 
T2 T2
 
600 T
= T = 800K Ans.
 T1   T  T1 T  300 400
 1  1
03. GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄ‡bi Zvc Drm I Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 500KI 375 K. [hw` BwÄb cÖwZ P‡µ 252104 J Zvc †kvlY K‡i Z‡e-
(K) BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv, (L) cÖwZ P‡µ Kv‡Ri cwigvY I (M) cÖwZ P‡µ MÖvn‡K ewR©Z Zv‡ci cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
 T2   375 
Soln : (K) BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv,   1    100%  1    100%  25% ;
 T1   500 
25
(L) cÖwZ P‡µ Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W  Q1   (252  104 )  63  104 J ;
100
(M) MÖvn‡K ewR©Z Zv‡ci cwigvb, Q2= Q1 –W = (252104)–(63104) =1.89106 J Ans.
06.GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄ‡bi Rb¨ hw` Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv ax‡i ax‡i Kgv‡bv nq, Zvn‡j BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv †Kgbfv‡e
cwiewZ©Z n‡e? A. e„w× cvq
 T  1
Soln : `¶Zv,   1  2   100%    ;Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv Kgv‡bv n‡j, BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv e„w× cvq
 T1  T1
09.†jLwP‡Î, X Øviv GKwU M¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK Ae¯v †`Lv‡bv n‡‪Q| †jLwP‡Î †Kvb †iLvwU GKwU cÖwµqvq M¨vmwU Øviv ev M¨v‡mi Dci †Kvb KvR Kiv n‡‪Q bv
wb‡`©k K‡i| [DU: 13 -14]
P B
C
A
X D
V
LAMBDA
Soln: XB †iLvwU‡Z V=0 Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W = PV= 0 Ans.

11. GKwU c`v‡_© Zvc cÖ‡qvM Kivi ciI ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b nqwb| wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU GB NUbvi Dchy³ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i? B. c`v_©wUi `kv cwieZ©b n‡‪Q
16.‡Kvb e¨w³ ce©‡Zi P‚ovq cvwb dzUv‡Z PvB‡j cvwbi cvÎ‡K †h ZvcgvÎvq DËß Ki‡Z n‡e Zv- B. lower than 100C
17.kx‡Zi †`‡k iv¯Ívq eid Mjv‡bvi Rb¨ jeY eënvi Kiv nq KviY- B. jeY ei‡di Mjbv¼ Kwg‡q †`q
18.GK Kvc Mig Kwd‡K 80 C ZvcgvÎv †_‡K 30 C ZvcgvÎvq VvÛv Kiv nj| KvcwUi Zvc aviKZ¡ 2.0 kJK1 n‡j kxZjxKiY cÖwµqvq KZ Zvc
wbM©Z nj?
Soln: Q = ms = C = 2000(80 – 30) = 100,000J = 100 kJ Ans.
20.GKwU Mvwo Pj‡Z _vK‡j Zvi Uvqv‡ii wfZi wKQy ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv P‡j| GB cÖwµqvwU nj C. aª“ e - AvqZb cÖwµqv
Uvqv‡ii PvKv nVvZ †d‡U †M‡j i ×Zvcxq cÖwµqv |
02. Mig e¯‧ VvÛv Ki‡Z †KvbwU AwaK Dc‡hvMx ? Solve: kxZj cvwb KviY Gi Av‡cwÿK Zvc †ewk|
04. dzUšÍ cvwb ev‡®ú cwiYZ n‡‪Q, G Ae¯vq cvwbi Av‡cwÿK Zvc n‡e ― C. infinite
11. hLb wKQz cvwb ‡_‡K ZvcgvÎvq DËß Kiv nq ZLb Gi AvqZb ―C. cÖ_‡g K‡g Ges c‡i ev‡o
01. `ywU e¯‘i Nl©‡Yi d‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq, GwU GKwUB. AcÖZ¨veZx© cÖwµqv
09.GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ wbf©i K‡i-C. ZvcgvÎvi Dci
23.‡Kvb GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î GKwU cÖwZwµqvq W = 0 Ges Q < 0, ZLb H M¨v‡mi Rb¨-D. ZvcgvÎv Kg‡e
25.GbUªwc e„w× †c‡Z †c‡Z hLb m‡e©v‪P gv‡b †cu․Qv‡e ZLb we‡k¦i mKj e¯‧- B. Zvcxq mvgë¯vq DcbxZ n‡e
16.DuPz ce©‡Zi Dci †Lvjv cv‡Î ivbœv Kiv KwVb nIqvi KviY wK? C. ùzUbvs‡Ki n«vm
05.GKwU iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq cwi‡e‡ki ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j wm‡÷‡gi AYyi MwZkw³Ñ A.e„w× cvq
01.GKwU †iwdªRv‡iUi kxZj Zvcvavi †_‡K 450J MÖnY K‡i Dò Zvcvav‡i 600J Zvckw³ eR©b K‡i| †iwdªRv‡iUiwUi Kvh© m¤cv`b mnM KZ n‡e B.3
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœ DËi `vI:
1. dQ = 5J n‡j A ‡_‡K B ‡Z AšÍt¯kw³i cwieZ©b KZ?

(K) -3J (L) 0J (M) 3J (N) 7J
2. hw` wZb Ae¯vq wm‡÷gwUi AšÍt¯kw³ h_vµ‡g UA, UB I UC nq Z‡e †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) UA = UB = UC (L) UA = UB > UC (M) UA < UB = UC (N) UA = UB < UC
DËi: N
Pj Zwor (Current Electricity)

Zwor cÖevn
1 A¨vw¤cqvit †Kvb cwievnx‡Z 1 †m‡K‡Û 1 Kzj¤^ PvR© cÖevwnZ n‡j Zvi cÖevngvÎv †K 1 A¨vw¤cqvi e‡j |
cwievwnZv cwievwnZv | GKKt wm‡gÝ ev Av‡cw¶K †ivat GKKt
-1
cwievwnZv¼ GKK ( )
†ivat
†iva = L R
A R
msÁv cwievnx Gi ga¨ w`‡q we`y¨r PjvP‡j evav r R
cÖ`vb Kvix ag©
gvÎv T cwievnx I Acwievnx Gi R Aa©cwievnxi R e¨wZµg:Kve©b(cwievnx)
GKK (Ohm),kgm2C-2s-1 Av‡jv‡Ki cÖfve t †m‡jwbqvg I ÿvi c`v‡_©i Dci Av‡jvKiwk¥ cwZZ n‡j Zv‡ì †iva n«vm cvq|
•`N©¨, ZvcgvÎv I Pz¤^KZ¡ evo‡j †iva ev‡o evwKme Py¤^‡Ki cÖfve t †P․¤^K †ÿ‡Îi cÖvej¨ e„w×‡Z wem&gv_ avZzi †iva e„w× cvq|
†¶‡Î K‡g|| Pv‡ci cÖfve t Kve©b ¸ovi Dci Pvc e„w×i d‡j Zvi †iva K‡g hvq|
GB a‡g©i mvnv‡h¨ Kve©b gvB‡µv‡dvb hš¿ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q|
cwievnxi weï×Zvt msKi avZzi †iva > weï× cwievnxi †iva |

LAMBDA
†iv‡ai ZvcgvÎv ¸Yv¼ ev mnMt
Rt  R0 ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ †iva e„w× Positive example: avZz mg~n

R0t ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ †iva n«vm †c‡j  negative
ex: Aa©cwievnx,_vwg©÷vi
GKK : C1 ev k 1
Ry‡ji - Zvcxq wµqvi m~Î:
1g m~Ît H I2 2q m~Ît H R 3q m~Î tH t
2 2
m~Î wZbwU GKwÎZ Ki‡j Avgiv cvB, H i Rt , Ki Rt GLv‡b K n‡jv mgvbycvwZK aªyeK
K = 0.24 A_©vr K = | GLv‡b J = Zv‡ci hvwš¿K mgZzj ev Zzj¨vsK| GKK Zvc Drcbœ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z nq ev GKK Zvc Øviv †h cwigvY
KvR Kiv hvq, Zv‡K Zv‡ci hvwš¿K mgZzj¨Zv Zzj¨v¼ e‡j|
ûBU‡÷vb eªxR :
4wU †iva  †kÖYx mgev‡q hy³  GKwU Ave× jyc •Zwi (P,Q,R,S)
‡h †Kvb 2wU wecixZ ms‡hvM¯‡ji gv‡S  GKwU we`y¨r †Kvl|
Aci 2wU ms‡hvM¯‡ji gv‡S  M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ = k~b¨ n‡j  ‡Kvb we`y¨rcÖevn nq bv  ‡Kvb we‡ÿc I nq bv
G Ae¯v‡K mvg¨ve¯v / wb¯ú›` Ae¯v e‡j| ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri mvg¨ve¯v, ;Ig=0
4 wU †iv‡ai †h †Kvb 3wUi gvb Rvbv _vK‡j, PZz_© †ivawU wbY©q Kiv hv‡e| G‡K †iva cwigv‡ci ûBU‡÷vbeªxR bxwZ e‡j|
‣Zwii †K․kj eZ©bxi mv‡_ Kivi cÖwµqv
GwgUvi M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ AwZ Aí gv‡bi †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Kiv eZ©bxi mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z hy³ Kiv nq
nq|mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ †iv‡ai bvg mv›U|
‡fvëwgUvi M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ AwZ D‪P gv‡bi †iva ‡kÖYx‡Z hy³ Kiv nq eZ©bxi mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Kiv nq
n‡j mKj cÖevngvÎv M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi Gi ga¨ w`‡q hv‡e

n‡j mKj cÖevngvÎv mv›U Gi ga¨ w`‡q hv‡e
‡Kv‡li Zwor‪vjK kw³ = cÖvšÍxq wefe cv_©K¨ + †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY wefe cZb|
I = eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv
E = V+Ir r = Af¨šÍixY †iva
Zwor‪PvjK ej `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨

hLb cÖevngvÎv I = 0 ZLb, E = V
02. 3 mm e¨v‡mi GKwU Zvgvi Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q 5A Zwor cÖevn n‡j (i) Zwor cÖevn NbZ¡ (ii) B‡jKUª‡bi Zvob †eM KZ? Zvgvi g‡a¨ cÖwZ
AvqZ‡b gy³ B‡jKUª‡bi msL¨v 8.431028|
I I 5
Soln : (i) Zwor cÖevn NbZ¡, J   2   7.077  105 Am~
2
A r   (1.5  10 3 ) 2
I I 5
(ii) B‡jKUª‡bi Zvob †eM, v   = = 5.24710–5ms–1 Ans.
NAe N  (r )  e (8.43  10 )    (1.5  10 3 ) 2  1.6  10 19
2 28
03. 0.44 wgUvi `xN© 0.12 wg.wg. e¨v‡mi GKwU Zv‡ii †iva KZ n‡e hw` ZviwUi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K †iva 38.510–8 -m nq|
 l 38.5  10 8  0.44
Soln : Zv‡ii †iva, R  2  =14.986  Ans.
r   (0.06  10 3 ) 2
07. 25C ZvcgvÎvq Uvs‡÷b Zv‡ii †iva 65| 200C ZvcgvÎvq Gi †iva KZ n‡e? ( = 4.510–3C~1)|
R R (1  4.5  10 3  200) 1.9
Soln : Rt = R0(1+t)  200  0 3
R200 =  65  111  Ans.
R 25 R 0 (1  4.5  10  25) 1.1125
09. GK LÛ †jvnvi Zv‡ii 0C ZvcgvÎvq †iva 4-Gi 100 K ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j Gi †iva nq 6.5| †jvnvi DòZv ¸YvsK KZ?
R  R 0 6.5  4
Soln : †jvnvi DòZv ¸YvsK,   t   6.25  10 3 K 1 Ans.
t  R0 100  4

LAMBDA
01. wZbwU Zwor †Kv‡li cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Zwor PvjK kw³ 20V Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.5| †kÖYx mgev‡q hy³ †Kvl¸‡jvi cÖvšÍØq 10 †iv‡ai GKwU
Zvi w`‡q hy³ Ki‡j Zwor cÖevn KZ n‡e?
nE 3  20
Soln : [†kÖYx mgev‡q]  Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb, I    5.22A Ans.
R  nr 10  3  0.5
02. PviwU we`y¨r †Kv‡li cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Zwo‪PvjK kw³ 3V Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva 2 | mgvšÍivj mgev‡q hy³ †Kvl¸‡jvi cÖvšÍØ‡q 10 †iv‡ai GKwU
Zvi w`‡q hy³ Ki‡j Zv‡i Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb wbY©q Ki?
nE 43
Soln : [mgvšÍivj mgev‡q]  Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb, I    0.29 A Ans.
nR  r 4  10  2
01. 8,9,10, gv‡bi wZbwU †iva
(i) †kªbx mgev‡q hy³ Av‡Q Zzj¨ †iva KZ? (i) solve : ev‡o  8  9  10  27
(ii) (ii) solve : K‡g  (81  91  101 )1  2.97
mgev‡q hy³ _vK‡j Zzj¨ †iva KZ n‡e?
5
04. 5F gv‡bi 3 wU aviK (i) ‡kªbx mgev‡q hy³ Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ KZ n‡e? Solve: n m¤úK© (i) K‡g  F
3
(ii) mgev‡q hy³  Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ KZ n‡e| (ii) ev‡o  5  3F  15F
05. 5wU mggv‡bi †iva †kªbx mge‡q hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ †iva 50
i) mgevq hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ †iva KZ n‡e?
ii) ‡kÖYx I mgvšÍiv‡j Zzj¨ †iv‡ai AbycvZ KZ? iii) †kªYx mgev‡q Zzj¨ †iva mgvš‭ivj mgev‡q Zzj¨ †iva Gi KZ ¸Y |
06. 10 wU aviK †kªYx mgev‡q hy³ Kivq Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ 20 d¨viv‡W| mgev‡q hy³ _vK‡j Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ KZ n‡e?
Solve : n m¤úK©  ev‡o  2010 F = 2000F
2 2
7. `ywU aviK I †kªbxZ hy³ Ki‡j Zzj¨ aviKZ¡ h_vµ‡g 9F and 2F nq aviK `ywUi aviKZ¡ wbY©q Ki?
08. ‡kªbx mgev‡q Ges mgvš‭ivj mgev‡q mshy³ `ywU Zv‡ii Zzj¨ †iva h_vµ‡g 25  Ges 4  | Zvi `ywUi wbR wbR †iva wbY©q Ki|
03. 12,16 Ges 25 †iv‡ai wZbwU †ivaK mgvšÍivj mgev‡q mw¾Z| GB mgev‡qi mv‡_ KZ †iv‡ai †ivaK †kÖYx mgev‡q mw¾Z Ki‡j †gvU Zzj¨
†iva 25 n‡e?
Soln : 12, 16 Ges 25 †iva wZbwU mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|  R p  (12 1  16 1  251 ) 1  5.38 ;
 †kÖYx mgev‡q mw¾Z †iva = 25–5.38 = 19.62 Ans.
09. Qwe‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iv‡ai gvb R n‡j Zzj¨ †iva KZ? ii) cÖevngvÎv KZ hLb Zwor PvjK kw³ E
R
R R R
R R
Soln : wP‡Îi Wv‡bi R †ivaÎq †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q Ges Zv ev‡gi R †iv‡ai mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|
 Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 0.75| Avevi 0.75  I R †ivaØq †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q Ges Zv ev‡gi R †iv‡ai mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|  Zzj¨
11
†iv‡ai gvb n‡e  R Ans.
15
10. wb¤œwjwLZ eZ©bxi mgZzj¨ †iva †KvbwU? R=1 ,E=12V n‡j eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv,cÖwZwU †iv‡ai cÖevngvÎv I wefe wbY©q Ki |
2R 3R
R 3R
Soln : wP‡Îi ev‡gi 2R I R †ivaØq †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|  Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 3R|
Avevi, Wv‡bi 3R I 3R †ivaØq †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|  Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 6R| Zv 3R †iva Gi mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|
 eZ©bxi Gi g‡a¨ Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb = 2R| Ans.
11. wb‡¤œi mvwK©‡U A B Gi g‡a¨ mgZzj¨ †iva n‡jv-
A
1.5
3 6 5
1.5
B

LAMBDA
Soln : wP‡Îi ev‡gi 3 I 6 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|  Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 2| Zv 1.5 I 1.5 †ivaØq Gi mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|
 Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 5| Avevi 5 I 5 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|
 AB Gi g‡a¨ Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb = 2.5| Ans.
E=10V n‡j eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv,cÖwZwU †iv‡ai cÖevngvÎv I wefe wbY©q Ki |
13. wP‡Î P I Q Gi gv‡S Zzj¨ †iva KZ?

P Q Soln t wP‡Îi wb‡Pi 2 I 2 †ivaØq †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q Ges Zv 4 †iv‡ai mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|
Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 2| Avevi 2 I 2 †ivaØq †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q Ges Zv 4 †iv‡ai mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|
4
 Zzj¨ †iv‡ai gvb n‡e 2| Ans.
2
4
2
2
09. eZ©bx‡Z we`y¨r-cÖevn I Gi cwigvY KZ? 2
10V 3 10
V 10 I
Soln : I    5A [†h‡nZz GUv kU© mvwK©U ZvB 10 I 3 †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q †Kvb cÖevn hv‡e bv|] Ans.
R 2
03. GKwU e¨vUvixi Zwo‪PvjK ej 15V| Gi `yÕcÖv‡šÍ GKwU Zvgvi Zvi hy³ Ki‡j Gi ga¨ w`‡q 1.5A Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges e¨vUvixi
`yÕcÖv‡šÍi cv_©K¨ 9V nq| Zv‡ii †iva I †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY †iva wbY©q Ki?
V 9 E 15
Soln : Zv‡ii †iva, R    6 ; again, I  1.5= Af¨šÍixY †iva, r  4 Ans.
I 1.5 Rr 6r
04. GKwU †Kv‡li we`y¨r PvjK ej 1.55V Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.5 | Gi mv‡_ KZ In&g †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi hy³ Ki‡j 0.1A we`y¨r cÖevngvÎv
cvIqv hv‡e? †Kv‡li nvivb wefe KZ n‡e? †KvlwUi cÖvšÍxq wefe cv_©K¨ KZ n‡e?
E 1.55
Soln : I   0.1=  †iva, R  15 ; †Kv‡li nvivb wefe = Ir = 0.10.5 = 0.05V
Rr R  0.5
†KvlwUi cÖvšÍxq wefe cv_©K¨,V = IR= 0.1×15 =1.5V Ans.
06.†Kvb GKwU †iva‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q wbw`©ó gvÎvi Zwor cÖevn P‡j| Gi mv‡_ 60 †iva †kÖYxe×fv‡e hy³ Ki‡j cÖevn gvÎv A‡a©‡K †b‡g Av‡m| †ivaKwUi
†iva KZ?
V 1 I R 1 R
Soln : I =  I ; 2  1    R  60 Ans.
R R I1 R 2 2 R  60
06. 4 I 12 †iva wewkó `yÕwU Zvi‡K mgvšÍivj K‡i 4V Zwo‪PvjK kw³ wewkó GKwU e¨vUvixi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nj| e¨vUvixi Af¨šÍixY †iva 1 n‡j
cÖ‡Z¨K Zv‡ii †fZi w`‡q wK cwigvY Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
Soln : 4 I 12 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|
E 4
 R  (41  12 1 ) 1  3 ;  I    1A;
R  r 3 1
R 12 R 4
I1  I   1  0.75A ; I1  I   1  0.25A Ans.
R   R1 12  4 R   R1 12  4
03. wb†¤œi eZ©bx‡Z R3 I R2†iva Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb KZ R1
5
20V 3 R2 R3 6
3
R4
Soln : 3 I 6 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q| Zv 5Ω I 3Ω †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|
E 20
 R P  (31  61 ) 1  2 ; R=2+3+5=10Ω  I    2A;
R 10
R 3 R 6
I3  I   2  0.67A ; I 2  I   2  1.33A Ans.
R  R 3 63 R  R 2 63
10
06. wb‡Pi eZ©bx‡Z 15 †iv‡ai g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor cÖevn-
1A 1A
PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU)

15 Page| 40 -
LAMBDA
R 10
Soln : I15  I   1  0.4A Ans.
R   R 15 10  15
10. 3.5 Ges 12 †iva wewkó `ywU Zvi †kÖYxe× mshy³ K‡i 4V Zwo‪PvjK kw³ wewkó GKwU e¨vUvwii mv‡_ mshy³ Kiv nj| e¨vUvwii Af¨šÍixY
†iva 0.5 n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K Zv‡ii `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki?
3.5 12
Soln : V3.5   4  0.875V ; V12   4  3V Ans.
3.5  12  0.5 3.5  12  0.5
11.10V wefe wewkó GKwU e¨vUvixi mv‡_ 40 Gi GKwU †iva mshy³| D³ †iv‡ai mv‡_ KZ In‡gi †iva †kÖwY mgev‡q hy³ Ki‡j ms‡hvwRZ †iv‡ai
`yÕcÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨ 2V cvIqv hv‡e?
R 1V R  10
Soln : VR1  2 1  R 1  10 Ans.
R1  R 2 R 1  40
12. wb‡Pi eZ©bx‡Z R1=100, R2=R3=50, R4=75 Ges E=6V| V Gi gvb KZ?
V
R1 R1
R4 E Rp
E R2 R3
Soln : R2, R3 I R4 †ivaÎq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q| RP= (50–1+50–1+75–1)–1=18.75 Zv R1 †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|
R1E 100  6
 R =100+18.75=118.75 ;  V1    5.053A Ans.
R 118.75
01. GKwU †cvó Awdm e‡·i AbycvZ evûØ‡q 1000 I 10 †iva †`qv Av‡Q| Z…Zxq evû‡Z 511 †iva †`qv‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi we‡¶c k~b¨ n‡j
PZz_© evû‡Z ARvbv †iv‡ai gvb KZ?
P R Q 10
Soln :  S R   511  5.11 Ans.
Q S P 1000
03. GKwU wgUvi eªx‡Ri evg duv‡K 10 I Wvb duv‡K 40 †iva hy³ Kiv n‡j, mvg¨vwe›`y †Kv_vq n‡e?
P l 10 l
Soln :     l  20cm Ans.
Q 100  l 40 100  l
06. GKwU wgUvi eªx‡Ri evg duv‡K 26 I‡gi GKwU †iva I GKwU AÁvZ †iva †kÖYx mgev‡q jvMv‡bv Av‡Q| Wvb duv‡K 3.5 I‡gi GKwU †iva jvMv‡bv
n‡j evg cÖvšÍ †_‡K 90 cm `~‡i wb¯ú›` we›`y cvIqv hvq| AÁvZ †iv‡ai gvb KZ?
P Q 26  x 3.5
Soln :  or,  or, x = 31.5 – 26 = 5.5 Ans.
l 100  l 90 10
07. GKwU c‡UbwkIwgUv‡ii Øviv †Kvb †Kv‡li Zwo‪PvjK kw³ wbY©q Kv‡j cix¶vaxb †Kvl I Av`k© †Kv‡li Rb¨ mvg¨we›`yi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g 500cm
Ges 400 cm| Av`k© †Kv‡li Zwo‪PvjK kw³ 1.2V n‡j †KvlwUi Zwo‪PvjK kw³ wbY©q Ki?
E 2 l2 500
Soln :  or, E 2  1.2  E2 =1.5V Ans.
E1 l1 400
09. GKwU ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri Pvi evûi †iva 8, 12, 16 I 20| PZz_© evûi mv‡_ KZ †iva hy³ Ki‡j eªxRwU mvg¨ve¯vq _vK‡e?
8 16
Soln :   S  24 ;  S =24 > PZz_© evûi †iva (20Ω)
12 S
 PZz_© evû‡Z 20 †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z x gv‡bi †iva hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
 20  x  S or, 20  x  24  x = 4 hv †kÖYx‡Z hy³ n‡e| Ans.
10. GKwU ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡Ri Pvi evû‡Z h_vµ‡g 6, 18, 10 I 60 In‡gi †iva hy³ Av‡Q| PZz_© evû‡Z KZ gv‡bi GKwU †iva wKfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j
eªxRwU mvg¨ve¯vq Avm‡e?
6 10
Soln : PZz_© evû‡Z x gv‡bi †iva hy³ Av‡Q|   S = 30;  S =30< PZz_© evûi †iva (60)
18 S
PZz_© evû‡Z 60 †iv‡ai mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j x gv‡bi †iva hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
myZivs, (60 1  x 1 ) 1  S or, (60 1  x 1 ) 1  30  x = 60 hv mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ n‡e| Ans.
01. GKwU PjKzÛwj M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva 6| Gi wfZi w`‡q 5A cÖevn gvÎv †M‡j c~Y© †¯‥j we‡¶c nq| G‡K 25A cÖevngvÎv cwigv‡ci
Dc‡hvMx A¨vwgUv‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ †iv‡ai mv›U eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e?
I ' 25 r 6
Soln: n =   5;  mv‡›Ui †iva, S    1.5  [mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|] Ans.
I 5 n 1 5 1
04. GKwU †fvë wgUv‡ii cvjøv 15V Ges †iva 800| G‡K wK fv‡e eënvi Ki‡j 150V gvcv hv‡e?

LAMBDA
V' 150
Soln: n =   10 hy³ †iva, S = (n 1)r = (101)800 = 7200 [†kÖYx‡Z hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e] Ans.
V 15
05. 20 †iv‡ai GKwU PjKzÛwj M¨vjfv‡bvwgUvi 1mA we`y¨r cÖev‡n m¤ú~Y© †¯‥j we‡¶c †`q| G‡K me©vwaK 220 †fvë wefe cv_©K¨ cwigv‡ci
†fvëwgUv‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ KZ †iva ms‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e?
220
Soln: V  IR  10 3  20  0.02V ; Here, n   11000;
0.02
 hy³ †iva, S  (n  1)r  (11000  1)  20  2.2 105  [†kÖYx‡Z hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e] Ans.
07. 25 †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ KZ †iv‡ai GKwU mv›U Ry‡o w`‡j †gvU Zwor cÖe v‡ni 10% Ask M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡i ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ
n‡e?
Ig 10 I S 10 S 1 S
Soln:  10%  ; again, g  ;   or,  S = 2.78  Ans.
I 100 I SG 100 S  G 10 S  25
08. 80  †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ 20  †iv‡ai GKwU mv›U eënvi Ki‡j M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn g~j cÖev‡ni KZ MzY?
M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn g~j cÖev‡ni KZ Ask? M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cÖevn g~j cÖev‡ni KZ kZvsk?
Ig S 20 1
Soln:    100% =20% Ans.
I S  G 20  80 5
09. GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii †iva 40Ω|M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii we`y¨r cÖevn g~j we`y¨r cÖev‡ni 1/3 Ask| mv‡›Ui †iva KZ?
Ig S 1 S
Soln:     S  20 Ans.
I SG 3 S  40
03. 99 †iv‡ai GKwU M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii cvjøv Avw` cvjøvi 100 ¸b Ki‡Z M¨vjfv‡bvwgUv‡ii mv‡_ KZ gv‡bi mv›U hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e wbY©q Ki?
Ig 1
Solve : S  G   99  1. mgvšÍiv‡j
Is 99
02.40  †iva wewkó GKwU Zv‡ii KzÛwji g‡a¨ w`‡q 10 min a‡i 1A we`y¨r cÖevn cvVv‡bv nj| wbY©q Ki (i) KzÛwji g‡a¨ w`‡q KZ ZwoZvavb cÖevwnZ
n‡q‡Q? (ii) we`y¨r Drm KZ cwigvY KvR K‡i‡Q? (iii) Drcbœ Zvc K¨vjwi GK‡K wnmve Ki (iv)GB cÖevn 1kg cvwbi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡j cvwbi
ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× †cZ? ZvcgvÎv e„w× †mjwmqvm ,‡Kjwfb I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j KZ n‡e?
(v)GB cÖevn 1kg cvwbi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× †cZ hLb BwÄb 10% kw³ AcPq K‡i?
Soln: (i) q = It =1(1060) = 600C (ii) W = I2Rt = 1240(1060) =24000 J Ans.
03.GKwU •e`y¨wZK Pzjøx‡Z 1 Ak¦ ¶gZv nv‡i we`y¨r kw³ mieivn Kwiqv KZ mg‡q 25.4C ZvcgvÎvi 2 kg cvwb‡K Dnvi ùzUbvs‡K DVvb hv‡e?
msθ 2  4200  (100  25.4)
Soln: W= Pt = ms ; t    840s  14 min Ans.
P 1 746
04. 0C ZvcgvÎvi 1 kg cvwb‡Z GKwU Zv‡ii KzÛwj Wzev‡bv Av‡Q hv 250 †fvë †gB‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nj | cwievnxi g‡a¨ w`‡q GK N›Uv a‡i wKQy
cwigvY we`y¨r cÖevn cvVv‡bvi d‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 100C DbœxZ nj| we`y¨r cÖev‡n Drcbœ mg¯Í kw³ cvwb Mig Ki‡Z e¨wqZ n‡q‡Q a‡i wb‡q we`y¨r
cÖev‡ni gvb wbY©q Ki|
ms 1 4200  (100  0)
Soln: W= VIt = (ms) ; I    0.47 amp. Ans.
Vt 250  3600
05. 220 †fvë Ges 200 IqvU wbg¾K wnUvi 5 wgwb‡U wKQy cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 25C n‡Z 100C G e„w× K‡i| wnUv‡ii Kg©`¶Zv 90% n‡j cvwbi
cwigvY KZ wQj?
0.90  Pt 0.90  200  5  60
Soln: W= 90% Pt = ms ; m    0.1714 kg. Ans.
sθ 4200  (100  25)
10. GKwU 60 I GKwU 40 †iva †kÖYxe×fv‡e hy³ K‡i 220V †gB‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nj| 30s G cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g‡a¨ KZ Zvc Drcbœ n‡e?
V2 220 2
Soln: W  t  30  14520J Ans.
Rs 60  40
01.3 NÈvq GKwU 200W Kw¤úDUvi A_ev 20 min GKwU 1800W Bw¯¿ Pvjv‡j †KvbwU †ekx kw³ eënvi Ki‡e?
Soln:WKw¤úDUvi = Pt=200×3×3600=2.16×106J;WBw¯¿ = Pt=1800×20×60=2.16×106J;mgvb kw³ eënvi Ki‡e|
02. GKwU we`y¨wZK ev‡j¦i Mv‡q "50 W 200V" wj‡L wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| evj¦wUi ga¨w`‡q Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb I †iva wbY©q Ki?
P 50 V 2 2002
Soln: I    0.25 A R   800
V 200 P 50
03. 880 watt ¶gZv m¤úbœ GKwU B‡jKwUªK Bw¯¿ 220V †gB‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hvM w`‡q 30 min eënvi Kiv n‡j (i) Bw¯¿i ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn
gvÎv (ii) Bw¯¿i †iva wbY©q Ki|

LAMBDA
P 880 V 2 220 2
Soln: (i) Zwor cÖevn, I    4 A (ii) †iva, R    55
V 220 P 880
04. GKwU mÂvqK we`y¨r †Kv‡li Zwor‪PvjK ej 7.2V I Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.08| G‡K 15A cÖevn gvÎvq PvR© Ki‡j (i) †Kv‡li Af¨šÍixY DËv‡c
wK nv‡i kw³ e¨q n‡e? (ii) wK nv‡i kw³ mwÂZ n‡e?
Soln: (i) P= I2 r = 1520.08 = 18 Watt (ii) P' = VI = 7.215 =108 W Ans.
02. wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z eZ©bx‡Z cÖevngvÎv l2 KZ n‡e? [DU 17-18]
20 l
l2 l1
9V
12 10
l2 l1
l
A. 0.16 A B. 0.26 A C. 0.36 A D. 0.46 A
05. cÖ`Ë eZ©bx‡Z †iva R KZ? 5.0 [DU 16-17]
0.6A
R 30
l1 l2
A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30

06. cÖ`Ë eZ©bx‡Z R3 †iv‡a Zwor cÖevn KZ? R2 = 1
R1 = 2
2V R3 = 2
Soln : 2 I 2 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|  RP = (2–1+2–1)–1 = 1 Zv 1 †iv‡ai mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|

E 2 R 1
 R =1+1=2 ; Avevi, I    1A A I 3  I   1  0.5A Ans.
R 2 R  R 3 11
10.†jLwP‡Î GKwU Zv‡ii `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©‡Kï mv‡_ Zwor cÖev‡ni cwieZ©b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZviwUi †iva KZ? [DU :13-14]
8
Current (amps)
50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Voltage (volt)
V 90
Soln : IÕ†gi m~Î, R =   1.5 
I 60
12.eZ©bx‡Z B Ges C we›`yi g‡a¨ wefe cv_©K¨ KZ? [DU: 13-14]
A B
1
6V 3 6
3
A. 1V B. 2V D C. 3V C D. 9 V
–1 –1 –1
Sol : 3 I 6 †ivaØq mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡Q|  RP = (3 +6 ) = 2 Zv 2 ,3 †ivaØ‡qi mv‡_ †kÖYx‡Z Av‡Q|
n
R E 26
 R =2+3+1=6 ;  VBC  BC   1.7V  2V Ans.
R 7
15.‡Zvgvi GKwU 15 †iva cÖ‡qvRb wKš‧ †Zvgvi Kv‡Q K‡qKUv 10  †iva Av‡Q| Kxfv‡e Zzwg 10  †iva eënvi K‡i 15  †ivawU •Zwi Ki‡e?
D. `ywU mgvšÍivj ms‡hv‡M I GKwU †kÖYxe× ms‡hv‡M

LAMBDA
17.wP‡Î GKwU eZ©bx‡Z mgvšÍivj mwbœ‡ek mshy³ wZbwU †iva †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| e¨vUvwii Zwor-PvjK kw³ 12 V Ges Af¨šÍixY †iva bMb¨| A¨vwgUv‡ii
cvV 3.2 A n‡j, X Gi †iva KZ? 12 V
10 
10 
X
A. 2.1  B. 4.6  C. 6.0  D. 15 
24.GKwU 10 †iva GKwU E Zwor PvjK ej Ges r Af¨šÍixb †iva wewkó ‡Kv‡li `yBcÖv‡šÍ ms‡hvM w`‡j 0.10 A Zwor eZ©bx w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq| 10
†ivawU GKwU 3 †iva Øviv cÖwZ¯vcb Ki‡j Zwor cÖevn e„w× †c‡q 0.24 A nq| r Gi gvb KZ? [DU: 10-11]
A. 12 B. 1.2 C. 0.2 D. 2.0
28.wb‡¤œi eZ©bx‡Z 12 V GKwU e¨vUvix, hvi Af¨šÍixY †iva 0.6  Zv A, B, C wZbwU †iv‡ai m‡½ mshy³| B ‡iv‡a Kv‡i‡›Ui cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
12V
B
C
4
1 A
6
A. 2.8 A B. 1.8 A C. 3.8 A D. 4.8 A

30.wb‡P cÖ`wk©Z ûBU‡÷vb eªx‡R me wefe O we›`yi mv‡c‡¶ cwigvc Kiv n‡‪Q| me †iva¸‡jv ci¯•i mgvb n‡j VA Ges VB Gi gvb mgvb nZ| wPÎ
Abyhvqx †iva emv‡bv n‡j VB  VA Gi gvb KZ? [DU:07-08]
60 50
B A
10V 50
40
O
A. 1V B. 1V C. 5V D. 5 V
43.GKwU 2 wK‡jv Ing Ges GKwU 3 wK‡jv Ing †iva GKwU 10V e¨vUvwii mv‡_ †kªYx mgev‡q hy³| 2 wK‡jv Ing †iv‡ai cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨ n‡e-
A. 6 V B. 3 V C. 4 V D. 2.5 V
02.GKwU I GKwU evwZ‡K †kÖYx mgev‡q mvRv‡bv n‡i, †Kvb evwZwU †ewk D¾¡j Av‡jv w`‡e ? [BUET:2012-2013]
A. B. C. `yBwUi D¾¡j¨ mgvb D. mvcøvB‡qi †fv‡ë‡Ri Dci wbf©i Ki‡e
06.3 †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K mgevû wÎf‚‡Ri AvKv‡i evuKv‡bv nj|Gi GKwU evûi cÖvšÍØ‡qi gaëZx© †iv‡ai gvb n‡e ? Ans.
20Ω
07.wb‡Pi eZ©bx‡Z S myBP Pvjy Ki‡j a Ges b cÖv‡šÍ †iva KZ n‡e ? [CUET:2011-2012]
a 10Ω
5
A. 30 B. 25 20Ω
C. 13.33 D. None of these Ans: C b
Solve: ( ( 10Ω
08.wb‡Pi wP‡Î we`y¨r cÖevn I Gi gvb nj ― 4
6
A. 7 amp B. 0.75 amp 4 2
C. 0 amp 4 𝑉 D. None 2Ω
Solve: 6
𝐼 𝑅 ( 𝐴 4
12V I
I 12V
15.GKwU mgvšÍivj cvZ avi‡Ki cvZ `ywU e„ËKvi| cvZ `ywUi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi e¨vmva© Ges Zv‡ì gaëZx© `~iZ¡ | aviKwU‡Z 100
†fvë wefe cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j cvZ `yBwU‡Z wK cwigvY PvR© Rgv n‡e wbY©q Ki| [KUET:2010-2011]
( )
Solve:
05.2.4, 3.6 Ges 4.8 wZbwU †iva wmwi‡R 54 V e¨vUvixi mv‡_ ms‡hvM Kiv Av‡Q| e¨vUvix Af¨šÍixY †iva k~b¨ n‡j 2.4Ω †iv‡ai `yÕcÖv‡šÍ wefe
R 1V 2.4  54
cv_©K¨ KZ? Soln: VR1    12V Ans.
R1  R 2  R 3 2.4  3.6  4.8

LAMBDA
09. ‡Kvb GKwU †iva‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q wbw`©ó gvÎvi Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Q| Gi mv‡_ 120 ‡iva †kÖYx‡Z hy³ Ki‡j cÖevngvÎv c~‡e©i cÖev‡ni A‡a©K
nq| †iva‡Ki †iva KZ| B. 120
cÖevngvÎv c~‡e©i GK Z…Zxqvsk n‡j †iva‡Ki †iva KZ ?
12.10 †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K †U‡b •`N©¨ wØ¸Y I cÖ¯‡‪Q‡ì †¶Îdj A‡a©K Kiv n‡jv| Zvici ZviwU‡K mgvb `yB As‡k wef³ K‡i mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Kiv
n‡j Zzj¨ †iva n‡e- [JU:15-16]
A. 20 B. 5 C. 10 D. †KvbwB bq
Sol : †U‡b n ¸Y j¤^v Kiv n‡j ZviwUi eZ©gvb †iva, Rnew = n R=2 ×10Ω = 40Ω|GLv‡b, cÖ¯‡‪Q` we‡eP¨ bq|
n 2 2
wef³ Kivi c‡i cªwZ As‡k †iva, R=40/2=20 Ω|

Gi c‡i mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ Kivi d‡j Zzj¨ †iva, Rp= (20–1+20–1)–1=10 Ans.
P1 P2
03. P1 Ges P2 ¶gZvi `ywU evj¦ †gBb cvIqv‡ii mv‡_ †kªYx I mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ mgevq KZ©„K e¨vwqZ ¶gZv h_vµ‡g- A.P1  P2 C.
P1  P2
05. x ‡iv‡ai mv‡_ y ‡iva mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Kiv n‡j Zyj¨‡iva-Ans: x I y Gi †_‡K †QvU
07. ‡Kvb evoxi †gBb wgUvi 10A-220V wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| wb‡gœi †KvbwU wbivc`?
A. 20 wU 100W Ges 4 wU 60W B. 23 wU 100W Ges 4 wU 60W
C. 16 wU 100W Ges 10 wU 60W D. 180 wU 100W Ges 7 wU 60W
4.‡Kv‡bv evoxi †gBb wgUv‡i 10A–220V wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| KZ¸‡jv 100 Iqv‡Ui evwZ wbivcËvi m‡½ c~Y© kw³‡Z H evox‡Z eënvi Kiv hv‡e?
C. 22 wU
12.A cÖ¯‡‪Q‡ì †¶Îdj I L •`‡N©ï GKwU Zvgvi Zv‡ii Zzjbvq A/2 cÖ¯‡‪Q‡ì †¶Îdj I 4L •`‡N©ï Zvgvi Zv‡ii Av‡cw¶K †iva-D. †KvbwUB bq
Soln: Av: †iva nq cwievnxi Dcv`v‡bi| GKB Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K †iva cwiewZ©Z nq bv|
21.30 †iv‡ai GKwU Zvi‡K †U‡b Ggbfv‡e j¤^v Kiv n‡jv hv‡Z Gi •`N©¨ wØ¸Y I cÖ¯‡‪Q` A‡a©K nq| GLb ZviwU‡K mgvb 4 As‡k wef³ K‡i
Ask¸wj‡K mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ Kiv nj| GB Ae¯vq ZviwUi Zzj¨ †iva KZ?
A. 15 B. 7.5 C. 5 D. 3.75
120 R 30
Sol : eZ©gvb †iva, Rnew = n R=2 ×30Ω=120Ω ; R =
n 2 2
= 30Ω; R P    7.5 Ans.
4 n 4
1. Dc‡ii eZ©bx‡Z †gvU †iva KZ n‡e?
1 1 5
(K) R (L) R (M) R (N) 5R
3 2 6
2. eZ©bxi A Ges B we›`y‡Z Zzj¨‡iva KZ?
3 2
(K) 6 (L) 4 (M)  (N) 
2 3
‡f․Z Av‡jvKweÁvb (Physical Optics)

Zi½ eënvi Zi½ •`‡N©ï cvjÐv
`„k¨gvb Av‡jv gvbe P¶z, d‡UvMÖvwdK wdj¥, d‡UvB‡jKwUªK †mj 710 m †_‡K 4107m
7
Ae‡jvwnZ wewKiY †m․iPzwjø, dj ï®‥ Ki‡Y, gvsm †ckxi e¨_vq 106 m †_‡K 108m
†eZvi Zi½ gvB‡µvI‡qf, ivWv‡i, †Uwjwfkb 101 m †_‡K 105m
AwZ‡e¸Yx wewKiY Avmj nxiv I e¨vsK †bvU mbv³Ki‡Y,kj¨ wPwKrmvq hš¿cvwZ
3.910–7m †_‡K 310–9m
RxevYygy³ Ki‡Z, kix‡i wfUvwgb D •Zwi‡Z|
G·‡i wUDgvi †mj aŸsm, avZe dvUj mbv³KiY 310–9m†_‡K10–11m
Mvgv iwk¥ K¨vÝvi AvµvšÍ †mj‡K aŸsm Ki‡Z 10–11m†_‡K10–15m
gvB‡µvI‡qf ivWvi h‡š¿, †b․ I wegvb Pvjbvq, †iwWI †hvMv‡hvM eë¯vq, 101m †_‡K 103m
wkí KviLvbvq
Mvgv-G·‡i-AwZ‡e¸bx-`„k¨gvb-Ae‡jvwnZ-gvB‡µvI‡qf -‡eZvi
Concept:
Ugvm Bqs Av‡jv‡Ki e¨wZPvi Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| AceZ©b `yÕcÖKvi:
1| †dª‡bj †kÖYxi AceZ©b  Lvov avi, miy Zvi I Aí cwimi wQ‡`ª G AceZ©b nq|

LAMBDA
2| dªbndvi †kÖYxi AceZ©b  GKK †iLv wQ`ª ev wP‡ii hyM¥ †iLvwQ`ª, †MÖwUs ev SvSi Øviv GB AceZ©b nq|
 AceZ©‡bi kZ© `~wU| h_vt
1| Lvov av‡ii †¶‡Î Lye Zx¶œ n‡Z n‡e Ges Gi cÖ¯’ Av‡jvi Zi½ •`N©¨ -Gi mgvb ev KvQvKvwQ gv‡bi n‡Z n‡e|
2| miy wQ‡`ªi †¶‡Î wQ`ª LyeB miy n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z -Gi e¨vm Zi½ •`‡N©ï mgvb ev KvQvKvwQ gv‡bi nq|
01. bx‡Pi †KvbwU Av‡jvi e¨wZPv‡ii Rb¨ ìKvi †bB?
A. GKvwaK Zi½g~L B. mym½Z Av‡jv C. c_ cv_©K¨ D. ¯ú›`b msL¨vi cv_©K¨
†Kvb GKK †¶Îd‡ji ga¨ w`‡q †h cwigvY kw³ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K c‡qw›Us †f±i e‡j|
Zi½‣`‡N©ï wb¤œ †_‡K D‪P µg: gnvRvMwZK iwk¥ < Mvgv < G·‡i < AwZ‡e¸wb < `„k¨gvb < Ae‡jvwnZ < †eZvi|
02. †Kvb Zwor †P․¤^K Zi‡½i m‡e©v‪P Zwor‡¶Î nj 9102 NC~1 Zi½wU X Awfgy‡L mÂvwjZ n‡‪Q Ges Zwor‡¶‡Îi AwfgyL Y-A¶ eivei| m‡e©v‪P
†P․¤^K †¶‡Îi gvb I w`K †ei Ki|
E 9  10 2
Soln : m‡e©v‪P †P․¤^K †¶‡Îi gvb, B0  0  =310–6T hvi w`K Z A¶ eivei| Ans.
c 3  108
04. k~‡b¨ †P․¤^K cÖ‡ek¨Zv 410–7 WbA–1m~1 Ges †f`¨Zv 8.85410–12C2N–1m~2 n‡j k~‡b¨ Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi‡½i †eM wbY©q Ki|
1 1
Soln : k~‡b¨ Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi‡½i †eM, c  = c = 2.9986108ms–1
μ 0 0 (4π  10 )  (8.854  10 12 )
 7
06. m~‡h©i Av‡jvK c„w_ex‡Z †c․Qv‡Z 1610–6 Av‡jvK eQi mgq jv‡M| c„w_ex †_‡K m~‡h©i `~iZ¡ KZ?
Soln : 1 Av‡jvK el© = 9.461015 m ; c„w_ex †_‡K m~‡h©i `~iæZ¡ =(1610–6)(9.461015) =15.11010mAns.
07. †Kvb Zwor †P․¤^K Zi‡½i m‡e©v‪P Zwor‡¶Î nj 9102 NC~1 Zi½wU X Awfgy‡L mÂvwjZ n‡‪Q Ges Zwor‡¶‡Îi AwfgyL Y- A¶ eivei|
m‡e©v‪P †P․¤^K †¶‡Îi gvb I w`K †ei Ki|
E 9  10 2
Soln : m‡e©v‪P †P․¤^K †¶‡Îi gvb, B0  0  =310–6T hvi w`K Z A¶ eivei| Ans.
c 3  108
08. m~‡h©i Av‡jvK c„w_ex‡Z †c․Qv‡Z 1610–6 Av‡jvK eQi mgq jv‡M| c„w_ex †_‡K m~‡h©i `~iZ¡ KZ?
Soln : 1 Av‡jvK el© = 9.461015 m ; c„w_ex †_‡K m~‡h©i `~iæZ¡ =(1610–6)(9.461015) =15.11010mAns.
09. k~‡b¨ †P․¤^K cÖ‡ek¨Zv 410–7 WbA–1m~1 Ges †f`¨Zv 8.85410–12C2N–1m~2 n‡j k~‡b¨ Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi‡½i †eM wbY©q Ki|
1 1
Soln : k~‡b¨ Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi‡½i †eM, c  = c = 2.9986108ms–1
μ 0 0  
(4π  10 )  (8.854  10 )
7 12
01. 6107 m Zi½ •`‡N©ï Av‡jv‡Ki Av‡jvwKZ 0.1103m `~‡i Aew¯Z `~wU mgvšÍivj wQ`ª n‡Z 0.9m `~‡i c`©vq e¨wZPvi †Wviv j¶¨ Kiv †Mj|
†K›`ªxq D¾¡j †iLv n‡Z 3q D¾¡j †iLvi `~iZ¡ KZ?
nD 3  6 107  0.9
Soln: †Wvivi `~iZ¡, x    1.62 102 m Ans.
a 0.1103
02. 5.910–7 m Zi½ •`‡N©ï jvj Av‡jv Øviv ci¯úi 2mm `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯Z `~wU wPi‡K Av‡jvwKZ Kiv nj| wPi †_‡K 1m `~‡i GKwU c`©vq e¨wZPvi †Wviv
cvIqv †Mj| †K›`ªxq D¾¡j †Wviv †_‡K †h †Kvb w`‡K PZz_© †Wvivi `~iZ¡ KZ?
nD 4  5.9  10 7  1
Soln: ‡Wvivi `~iZ¡, x    1.18  10-3 m Ans.
a 2  10 3
28. hw` Zwor Pz¤^Kxq Zi½ x-A¶ i eivei P‡j Ges Gi Zwor †f±i E ; y-A¶ j. eivei P‡j _v‡K, Zvn‡j Gi Pz¤^Kxq †f±‡ii w`K n‡e-
A. xeivei (j) B. y eivei (j) C. zeivei(k) D. -z eivei (k)
03. mgvšÍivj Zi½ gyL GKwU evuavi miæ wQ‡`ª AvcwZZ n‡j, AceZ©b nq| Zi½ •`N¨© wQ‡`ªi †Kvb mgš^‡qi Rb¨ AceZ©b me©v‡cÿv †ewk n‡e ?
[BUET:2010-2011]
A. eo Zi½ ‣`N¨© Ges miƒ wQ`ª B. ‡QvU Zi½ ‣`N¨© Ges miƒ wQ`ª
C. ‡QvU Zi½ ‣`N¨© Ges cÖk¯ wQ`ª D. eo Zi½ ‣`N¨© Ges cÖk¯ wQ`ª Ans: A
Solve: eo Zi½‣`N¨© I miæ wQ`ª| KviY, , Zi½ ‣`N¨© hZ eo I a ZZ †QvU AceZ©b ZZ †ewk|
06. GKwU d«bndvi †kÖYxi GKK wP‡oi AceZ©b cixÿvi 6000 Å Zi½ •`‡N¨©i GK iwk¥ Av‡jv eënvi Kiv nj| wPowUi †ea
n‡j †K›`ªxq Pig D¾¡j cwÆi Aa©‡K․wYK cwÆi Aa©‡K․wYK we¯Ívi †ei Ki| [CUET:2001-2011]
A. B. C. D. Ans: C
Solve: ⇒ ⇒ , Aa‡K․wYK we¯Ívi
03. ‡Kvb wZbwUi is Gi h‡_vchy³ Abycv‡Z wgkª‡Yi d‡j wUwf‡Z iw½b wPÎ cvIqv hvq? A. jvj, meyR, bxj
AvaywbK c`v_©weÁv‡bi m~Pbv

 K¤úUb cÖfve:
 weÁvbx Av_©vi nwj K¤úUb 1923 mv‡j cÖ¯vÍ e K‡ib †h, kw³kvwj †dvU‡bi mv‡_ c`v_© KYv B‡jKUª‡bi msNl© NU‡j †dvUb B‡jKUªb‡K wKQy MwZ
kw³ cÖ`vb Ki‡e d‡j wb‡R wKQy kw³ nviv‡e| Gfv‡e wew¶ß †dvU‡bi kw³ AvcwZZ †dvU‡bi kw³ A‡c¶v Kg n‡e|

LAMBDA
 nvB‡Rbev‡M©i AwbðqZv m~Î: hw` †Kv‡bv KYvi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q Ae¯v‡bi AwbðqZv x Ges fi‡e‡Mi AwbðqZv p nq, Z‡e
G‡ì ¸Ydj cøv‡¼i aªye‡Ki mgvb ev eo n‡e| G‡KB nvB‡Rbev‡M©i AwbðqZv m~Î e‡j|
h h
MvwYwZKfv‡e, x.p  , GLv‡b = cøv‡¼i n«vmK…Z aªyeK|
2 2
AwbðqZv bxwZ †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h wbDwK¬qv‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i B‡jKUªb _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
 m~‡h© wdDkb wewµqv msNwUZ nq| 107 k G wbDwK¬q wdDkb wewµqv ïi¤œ nq| wdDkb wewµqvq †h kw³ wbM©Z nq Zvi cÖvq 95% Mvgv iwk¥|
 m~‡h©i Avqy¯‥vjt 1010 †KvwU eQi (cÖvq)| m~‡h©i eZ©gvb eqmt 505 †KvwU eQi (cÖvq)
Av‡jvi †eM ivwk| k~b¨ ¯v‡b me Ro cÖm½ KvVv‡gv‡Z Av‡jvi †eM me©`v mgvb _v‡K|
04. A I B `ywU †dvUb ci¯•‡ii wecixZ w`‡K c MwZ‡e‡M Pj‡Q| B ‡dvU‡bi mv‡_ A ‡dvU‡bi Av‡cw¶K †eM KZ? [DU: 08-09]
1 2
A. c B. c C. 2c D. c
2 3
1
 ‡Kvb e¯‧ MwZkxj n‡j fi I mgq ev‡o •`N¨© K‡g| mt
l
 Av‡jvi †e‡M wMZkxj n‡j fi   mgq / Avqy   ‣`N¨©  0
01. m0 kg fi I 2m ‣`N¨© I 1m cÖ¯ wewkó GKwU e¯‧ •`N¨© eivei MwZkxj nIqvq Gi fi 2 ¸Y nj|
i Gi •`N©¨ KZ n‡e? Ans. 1m ii ‣`N¨© kZKiv KZ e„w×i ev n«vm cv‡e? Ans. 50% n«vm ii ‣`N¨© KZ n«vm cv‡e? Ans: 1m
iv)e¯‧wUi `ªƒwZ KZ ? v)e¯‧wUi `ª wZ Av‡jvi `ª wZi kZKiv KZ ? vi)e¯‧wUi cÖ¯ KZ n‡e? vii)e¯‧wUi cwiewZ©Z †¶Îdj KZ?
1
02:25 eQi eq‡m m0 f‡ii GKRb e¨vw³ Zvi beweevwnZv ¯¿x‡K wb‡q 2m •`‡N¨©i GKwU jvwVmn c ‡e‡M MwZkxj †Kvb b‡fvKvkhv‡b P‡o 30 eQi
2
ågY K‡i P‡j G‡jb -
i) fi‡eM KZ? Ans : m0 c ii) w¯Z fi I MwZkxj f‡ii AbycvZ KZ? Ans : 1 : 2
iii) w¯i •`N© I MwZkxj •`‡N©i AbycvZ KZ? Ans : 2 :1 iv)MwZkxj fi KZ? Ans : 2m0
v) ‡jvKwUi eZ©gvb eqm vi)MwZkxj •`N¨© KZ? vii)jvwVwUi •`N¨© KZ K‡g‡Q? Ans : 2 m0 viii)†jvKwUi MwZkw³
Av‡jvK Zwor wµqvt
cÖ`k©b K‡i t ¶vi I g„r ¶vi avZzmg~n
¶vi avZzi Dci Av‡jv AvcvwZZ n‡j Zv †_‡K B‡j±ªb wbM©Z nq| d‡j Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hvq |
GB NUbv†K -Av‡jvK Zwor wµqv wbM©Z B‡j±ªb †K- d‡Uv B‡j±ªb I Drcbœ Zwor †K Av‡jvK Zwor ev Photoelectricity e‡j |
m~Pb K¤cv¼t †h K¤cv‡¼i Av‡jv AvcvwZZ n‡j B‡j±ªb wbM©Z nq bv wKš‧ wbM©Z nIqvi Dcµg nq|
AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi K¤cv¼<m~Pb K¤cv¼ t B‡j±ªb wbM©Z n‡e bv / Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e bv |
AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi K¤cv¼=m~Pb K¤cv¼ t B‡j±ªb wbM©Z n‡e bv wKš‧ wbM©Z nIqvi Dcµg n‡e |
AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi K¤cv¼>m~Pb K¤cv¼ t B‡j±ªb wbM©Z n‡e / Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e |
m~Pb Zi½‣`N¨©t
AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi Zi½‣`N¨© > m~Pb Zi½‣`N¨© t B‡j±ªb wbM©Z n‡e bv / Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e bv |
AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi Zi½‣`N¨© =m~Pb Zi½‣`N¨© t B‡j±ªb wbM©Z n‡e bv wKš‧ wbM©Z nIqvi Dcµg n‡e |
AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi Zi½‣`N¨© <m~Pb Zi½‣`N¨© t B‡j±ªb wbM©Z n‡e / Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e |
wbe„wZ wefet wefe Gi †h me©wbæ gv‡bi Rb¨ m‡e©v‪P MwZm¤cbœ B‡j±ªb I cÖwZK‚j Zwor †¶Î AwZµg K‡i P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv,wef‡ei †mB gvb‡K wbe„wZ
wefe e‡j|
V > Vst Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e bv |
V = Vst m‡e©v‪P MwZm¤cbœ B‡j±ªb I †kl we›`y‡Z G‡m †_‡g hv‡e |
V< Vst Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e|
Av‡jvK Zwor wµqvi •ewkó¨t
GKwU †dvUb GKwU B‡j±ªb †K D‡ËwRZ K‡i| K¤cv¼ hZB evov‡bv †nvK bv †Kb †dvUb msL¨vi †Kvb cwieZ©b bv Ki‡j Zwor cÖev‡ni gv‡bi †Kvb cwieZ©b
nq bv|
d‡Uv Zwor wµqv Zvr¶wbK NUbv| AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi K¤cv¼ evo‡j wbM©Z B‡j±ª‡bi †eM e„w× cvq |
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb ev D`hvb †evgvi wfwË  wdDkb wewµqv cvigvbweK †evgvi wfwË  wbDwK¬qvi wdkb wewµqv
cvigvwbK  wdkb wewµqv msNwUZ nq|

31
01.GKwU B‡jKUª‡bi wbðj fi 9.02810 kg Gi mgZyj¨ kw³ wbb©q Ki?
02. 1.6 10 ev MwZkw³ m¤úbœ B‡j±ª‡bi fi KZ?
6

LAMBDA
m0c 2  E k  mc 2 Ans : 3.758  1030 kg 1J  1.6 10 19


ev
03. 12amu f‡ii mgZzj¨ kw³ (i) ev G (ii) Mev G wbY©q Ki? Ans : 11.2  10 eV,11.2  103 MeV 9
7
01. 4 10 m Zi½ •`‡N¨©i GK †Kvqv›Uvg Av‡jvi kw³ B‡jKUªb †fv‡ë cÖKvk Ki|
02. GKwU 100MeV †dvU‡bi K¤úv¼ I Zi½ •`N©¨ wbY©q Ki?
19
03. 410 Hz K¤úbv‡¼i wewKiY †Kvb avZe c„‡ó AvcvwZZ n‡j m‡ev©‪P 3.6 10
15
j kw³ m¤úbœ B‡jKUªb wbM©Z nq H avZzi m~Pb K¤úv¼
KZ? ii)Kvh© A‡c¶K B‡j±ªb †fvë G wnmve Ki| iii) m~Pb Zi½‣`N¨© iv) AvcvwZZ Av‡jvi kw³ wbY©q Ki
04. wefe cv_©K¨ cÖKvk Ki‡j w¯i Ae¯v n‡Z GKwU B†jKUªb †h †eM cÖvß n‡e Zvi gvb wbY©q Ki?
05. 50kv PvwjZ Ges iwk¥ bj n‡Z Drcbœ eY©vjxi me©wbgœ Zi½ •`N©¨ I m‡ev©‪P K¤úv¼ wbY©q Ki
3
06.GK e¨w³i ey‡Ki G·‡i Kivi mgq 1.5 10 j kw³ †kvlb Kij| cÖwZwU G·‡i †dvU‡bi kw³ 40000 ev n‡j wZwb KZ msL¨K †dvUb ‡kvlb
K‡i‡Qb|
11. c„w_ex‡Z GKwU i‡K‡Ui •`N©¨ 100m. GwU DowQj ZLb c„w_ex‡Z Aew¯Z GKRb ch©‡e¶K Gi •`N©¨ 99m wbb©q Ki‡jb| i‡KUwUi †eM wbY©q
Ki| Ans : 4.23  107 ms 1
1
10. ‡Kvb GKwU e¯‧ KYvi †gvU kw³ Gi w¯Zve¯vq kw³i wZb¸Y e¯‧wUi `ªæwZ KZ? Ans : 2.44 10 ms Ans.
8
08. 0C ZvcgvÎvi 1 kg cvwb 0C ZvcgvÎvi ei‡d cwiYZ n‡j Zvi fi wK cwigvY n«vm cv‡e?
mL 1  3.36  105
Soln: E=  mc2 = mLi;  m  2 i   3.73  10 12 kg Ans.
c (3  108 ) 2
06. GKwU wbDwK¬qvi wi-G±‡i GK eQ‡i 5.51011kWh we`y¨r •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| H wi-G±‡i wK cwigvY fi‡K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
E 5.5  1011  1000  3600
Soln: Drcbœ kw³, E = mc2 ; m 2   22 kg Ans.
c (3  108 ) 2
07. GKwU †dvU‡bi fi‡eM 7.8310–25 kg m/s n‡j Gi MwZkw³ KZ? [ Av‡jv‡Ki ‡eM, c = 3×108 ms-1]
E
Soln : †dvU‡bi fi‡eM, P  ; †dvU‡bi kw³, E = Pc = 7.8310–253108 =2.34910–16 J Ans.
c
08. cÖviw¤¢K w¯i Ae¯vb n‡Z GKwU †mvwWqvg cigvYy njy` e‡Y©i GKwU †dvUb wbtm„Z K‡i †dvU‡bi wecixZ w`‡K cðv` miY Kij| cigvYy i
cðv`mi‡Yi †eM wbY© q Ki| [†Ìqv Av‡Q, njy ` e‡Y© i Av‡jv‡Ki Zi½ •`N© ¨ ,  = 589109 m Ges h = 6.6210–34 Js, †mvwWqvg
cigvYyi fi, m = 3.810–26 kg ]
h h 6.63  10 34
Soln : cigvYyi fi‡eM, P = mv = v =   0.03ms 1 Ans.
 m 3.8  10 26  589  10 9
‡mwgKÛv±i I B‡jKUªwb· (Semiconductor and Electronics)

c`v_© e¨vÛ Gi Ae¯v wbwl× kw³ e¨vÛ Av‡cw¶K †iva D`vniY
cwievnx ‡hvRb I cwienb e¨vÛ bvB 108 m µ‡gi wmivwgK, KuvP, KvV
Overlaped _v‡K|
Acwievnx ‡hvRb I cwienb e¨v‡Ûi `yiZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk , Eg 5 eV [6eV- 1012 m µ‡gi Zvgv, iƒcv, A¨vjywgwbqvg
me©vwaK 15eV]
Aa©cwievnx ‡hvRb I cwienb e¨v‡Ûi cv_©K¨ Eg1.1eV 10-5 n‡Z 108 wmwjKb, Rv‡g©wbqvg
Acwievnx Gi †P‡q Kg Rv‡g©wbqv‡gi kw³ eëavb0.7eV
 Aa© cwievnx `yB ai‡bi :
(i) weï× Aa© cwievnx(Intrinsic Semiconductor): D`vniY:wmwjKb, Rv‡©g wbqvg,wUb
(ii) Aweï× ev †WvcvwqZ Aa©cwievnx((Extrinsic Semiconductor): weï× Aa© cwievnx+‡fRvj (wÎ‡hvRx ev cÂ‡hvRx †g․j)
†WvcvwqZ c`v_© `yB cÖKvi
(i) p UvBc Aa© cwievnx : hLbœ PZz‡h©vRx weï× Aa© cwievnxi mv‡_ IIIA Mªy‡ci wÎ‡hvRx †g․j mg~n‡K ( Al .GA, In) Ac`ªe¨ wn‡m‡e †gkv‡bv
nq †nv‡ji m„wói gva¨‡g Zwor cwievwnZ nq|
(ii) n UvBc Aa©cwievnx: hLb PZz‡h©vRx weï× Aa© cwievnxi mv‡_ VA MÖy‡ci cÂ‡hvRx †g․j ( As, Sb, Bi ) mvgvb¨ cwigv‡b wgkv‡bv nq|
Wv‡qvW : ptype + ntype  we‡kl cÖwµqvq †Rvov jvMv‡bv|
m¤§yL evqvm : p type + cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_  weKl©Y  wefe cÖvPxi n«vm  cÖevngvÎv †ewk
cðvr evqvm p type – cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ AvKl©Y  wefe cÖvPxi e„w×  cÖevngvÎv Kg
MZxq †ivat †h wefe cv_©‡K¨ pn Rskb KvR K‡i Zv‡K MZxq †iva e‡j|

LAMBDA
†Rvbvi Wv‡qvWt GK bvMv‡o GKB cwigvb wWwm †fv‡ëR cvIqvi Rb¨ cvIqvi mvcøvB‡Z eëüZ nq|
†Rbvi wefet †h †fv‡ë‡Ri Rb¨ wegyLx †Su‡Ki nVvr K‡i Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hvq Zv‡K †Rbvi wefe e‡j| G wµqv‡K †Rbvi wµqv e‡j|
LED: Av‡jv ‣Zwii Kv‡R eë„nZ nq|
Light Emitting LED •Zwi nq M¨vwjqvg Av‡m©bvBW dmdvBW, M¨vwjqvg dmdvBW I M¨vwjqvg Av‡m©bvBW n‡Z|
Diode B‡jKUªwbK Nwo, K¨vjKz‡jUi, Kw¤úDUv‡i eëüZ nq|
LED Gi eënvi t AcwUK¨vj †hvMv‡hvM, BwÛ‡KUi evwZ Ges wWwRUvj B‡jKUªwb· BZ¨vw`‡Z LED eënvi Kiv nq|
wWwRUvj hš¿mg‬‡ni iwOb eY© ev msL¨v m„wó I cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq|
FET `yB ai‡bit (i) JFET ev Rskb †dU| (ii) MOSFET (†gm‡dU) ev avZe A·vBW Aa©cwievnx †dU|
‡m․i‡K․l ev p-n Rvskb wWfvBm hv †m․i kw³‡K Av‡jv‡K kw³‡Z K‡i|
Solar Cell
UªvbwR÷it `ywU Wv‡qvW †K cvkv cvwk †Rvov jvwM‡q Aa©cwievnx Wv‡qvW ev UªvbwR÷i •Zwi Kiv nq|
UªvbwR÷i `yai‡bi (i)n  p  n (ii) p  n  p UªvbwRói
wZbwU Ask (i) GwgUvi ev wbtmviK (ii) †em ev f~wg ev cxV (iii) Kv‡jKUi ev msMÖvnK|
me‡P‡qKv‡jKUi Ask †ewk ‡WvcvwqZ Kiv nq Ges me‡P‡q Kg †WvcvwqZ Kiv nq †em|
A¨vgwcødvqvi ev weeaK© wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
1948 mv‡j I evB‡Wb I eªvDb Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib †m Rb¨ Zviv 1956 mv‡j †bv‡ej cvb|
A¨vgwcødvqvi ev weea©K Zwor wmMbv‡ji gvÎv‡K eû¸‡b evwo‡q †`q|
†iKwUdvqvi ev GKgyLx †h hš¿ cwieZ©x cÖevn‡K (a.c) GKgyLx ( d .c) cÖev‡n cwibZ K‡i| G hš¿ Zwor cÖevn‡K GKgyLx K‡i| Ghš¿ •Zwi‡Z
KviKt p  n Rskb Wv‡qvW I eëüZ nq|
p-n Rvskb †iKwUdvqvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| ZvB G‡K Wv‡qvW †iKwUdvqvi e‡j|
eënvi t (i) weea©K ev A¨vgwcødvqvi (ii) ¯ú›`K ev Awm‡jUi (iii) D`&NvUK ev wW‡UKUi|
IC GKwU wmwjK‡bi •Zwi mwjW †÷U, hvi g‡a¨ eû msL¨K Wv‡qvW, UªvbwR÷i, †ivaK, aviK BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K|
mwjW †U÷ wWfvBm mvaviYZ Rv‡g©wbqvg I wmwjKb c`v_© †_‡K •Zix Kiv nq|
jwRK †M‡Ui cÖKvi‡f`

wWwRUvj B‡jKUªwb‡· wZbwU †g․wjK jwRK †MU eënvi Kiv nq| h_v- (1) OR †MU, (2) AND †MU Ges (3) NOT †MU| wWwRUvj B‡jKUªwb‡· GB
wZbwU †g․wjK †MU Qvov AviI wKQy †MU eënvi Kiv nq| h_v- NAND †MU, NOR †MU, XOR †MU, XNOR †MU| GB †MU¸‡jv †g․wjK †MU Øviv •Zwi
Kiv nq|
jwRK †MU BbcyU Ges AvDUcyU eywjqvb mgxKiY wPÎ
NOT †MU: GKwU BbcyU Ges AvDUcyU BbcyU ‘1’ n‡j AvDUcyU ‘0’ X= A
Ges BbcyU ‘0’ n‡j AvDUcyU
‘1’
OR †MU: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK BbcyU _v‡K Ges ‡h †Kvb GKwU BbcyU ‘1’ n‡j X=A+B
GKwUgvÎ AvDUcyU AvDUcyU ‘1’
NOR †MU: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK BbcyU _vK‡Z OR †MU Gi wecixZ AvDUcyU
cv‡i Ges GKwUgvÎ AvDUcyU ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
AND †MU: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK BbcyU Ges mKj BbcyU ‘1’ n‡jB †KejgvÎ X=A.B
AvDUcyU AvDUcyU ‘1’ n‡e| Ab¨_vq in ou
AvDUcyU ‘0’ n‡e in t
NAND †MU: AND †MU n‡Z wbM©Z ms‡KZwU AND †M‡Ui AvDUcy‡U ̅̅̅̅̅
NOT †M‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Inverter hy³ K‡i NAND
Ki‡j NAND †M‡Ui KvR nq †MU
XOR†MU: BbcyU we‡Rvo msL¨v Av‡Q wKbv
Exclusive- wPwýZ K‡i
OR (XOR)
X-NOR †MU: XOR †M‡Ui AvDUcyU‡K NOT we‡Rvo msL¨K BbcyU n‡j ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
†MU w`‡q AvDUcyU 0 nq Ges †Rvo
msL¨K BbcyU ev BbcyU

LAMBDA
`ywU mgvb n‡j AvDUcyU 1

nq
04. †Kvb p–n Rvsk‡b 0.8 V wefe cv_©K¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i we`y¨rcÖevn cvIqv †Mj 15mA Ges wefe cv_©K¨ 1.1 V cÖ‡qvM K‡i we`y¨r cÖevn cvIqv †Mj
30 mA| Rvsk‡bi †iva †ei Ki|
V 1.1  0.8 0.3V
Soln : Rvsk‡bi †iva, R     20  Ans.
I 30  10 3  15  10 3 15  10 3 A
(i)20mA wbtmviK cÖev‡ni d‡j GKwU UªvbwR÷‡i 18mA msMÖvnK cÖevn cvIqv †Mj UªvbwR÷‡ii f~wg cÖev‡ni gvb, cÖevn weea©b ¸bv¼ I cÖevn jvf
wbY©q Ki? Ans : I B  2mA ,  0.9,  9
02. 0.1101 evBbvix msL¨vwU‡K `kwg‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki|
Soln: (0.1101)2 = 1  2-1 + 1 2-2 + 0  2-3+1 2-4 = (0.8125)10
01. evBbvwi msL¨v 101101012 n‡Z evBbvwi msL¨v 100112 Gi we‡qvMdj n‡jvt B. 101000102
02. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq P-UvBc Aa©cwievnxi Avavb cwievnx †KvbwU (†Kvb¸‡jv)? D. †nvj Ges B‡jKUªb
03. cv‡k¦©i wPÎwU †Kvb jwRK †MB‡Ui mgZzj¨ eZ©bx? [DU 17-18]
A. OR gate B. NOR gate A
C. NOT gate D. AND gate B
evj

01. eywjqvb dvskb F=(A+B)(A+C) n‡j, F-Gi mijxK…Z gvb †Kvb&wU? B. A+BC
n
04. (110101101100)2 evBbvwi msL¨vwUi mgZzj¨ †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v n‡e- Sol : (110101101100)2= (D6C)16 Ans.
03. cv‡ki wPÎwU-
A. Wv‡qvW B. Av‡ekK C. npn UªvbwRói D. pnp UªvbwRói

03. ‘USB’ Gi c~Y©iƒc †Kvb&wU? A. Universal Serial Bus
04. 100 wMMvevB‡U KZ evBU? B. 10108

GST JU RU Suggestion Batch

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LAMBDA

Exceptional & Dependable Suggestion of Physics

02. r  4t i  3t j GLv‡b t n‡‪Q mgq| 2 s ci e¯‧wUi †eM ?

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 1 -

c`v_©weÁv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvÎv mgxKiY

wjdU a Z¡i‡Y Dc‡i DV‡j g+a T=m(g+a) 2h

ii  †g‡S ¯úk© Ki‡Z e¯‧wUi KZ mgq jvM‡e? Solve:ii) √ √

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 3 -

‡ÿÎ L(Kvh©Kix •`N¨©) T (‡`vjb Kvj) Nwo

01: GKwU Nwoi N›Uvi KuvUvi •`N¨© 15cm

Some conceptual MCQ

1g MÖ‡n GKeQi 365 eQi n‡j 2q MÖ‡n KZ w`‡b GK eQi n‡e?

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 5 -

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 6 -

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 7 -

mgZzj¨ kw³ mgZzj¨ kw³

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 8 -

MvwYwZK c×wZ‡Z †f±i †hv‡Mi 3wU m~Î:

†MÖwW‡q›U WvBfvi‡RÝ Kvj©

+ Div - Div 0 Div

Real & Probable Questions

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 9 -

13. ⃗⃗ ̂ ̂ ‡f±iwU Y A‡ÿi mv‡_ KZ †KvY •Zwi K‡i|

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 10 -

Solve: [ ‡m‡nZz Y A‡ÿi w`‡K GKK †f±i ̂ Gi mnM 0]

16. A . B = A  B n‡j, A I B Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY KZ?

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 11 -

b`xi cÖ¯   8

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 12 -

(ii) 1g, 2q I 3q †m‡K‡Û `yi‡Z¡i AbycvZ

e„Ëc‡_ N~Y©vqgvb e¯‧i wZbwU Z¡iY _v‡K|

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 13 -

(v) e¯‧wU KZ †e‡M f‚wg‡K AvNvZ Ki‡e?

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 14 -

MvwowU‡K KLb wc‡Q †dj‡e?

iii me©vwaK D‪PZvq DV‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? Solve : t 

ivwb‡ÿcY †KvY KZ n‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøvi gvb m‡e©v‪P n‡e? Ans.45 0

v wb‡ÿcY †Kvb KZ n‡j Abyf~wgK cvjøv 141 .37 m n‡e|

Energy MCQ Technic

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 16 -

wbDUwbqvb ejwe`¨v ( Newtonian Mechanics)

ej Avwe®‥viK/mvj `vqxKYv KviY I djvdj ZxeªZv cvjøv

ZxeªZvi AbycvZ : 1: 1030 : 1040: 1042 or 10-42 : 10-12 : 10-2 : 1

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 17 -

e‡ji NvZ KZ? Ans:|J| = 16 kgms–1

†¶Î RoZvi åvgK PµMwZi e¨vmva© I =

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 20 -

[c„w_exi e¨vmva© = 6.4  106 m]

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 21 -

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 22 -

Sovle : i  W  kx 2  1.5  300  x 2 ii  kx   300  0.2   6J

A.120 J B. 200 J C. 280 J D. 1200 J

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 23 -

Soln: K…ZKvR, W = mgh sin  = 1005× sin 30˚ = 250 J Ans.

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 24 -

hLb h<<<<<<R D‪PZv ev MfxiZv c„w_exi e¨vmv‡a¨©i Ask

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 25 -

2GM  2  6.67  10 11  3  10 26 

02. c„w_exi fi Ges e¨vmva© n‡j, c„w_ex c„‡ô Gi AbycvZ n‡e ―

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 26 -

ch©ve„wËK MwZ (Periodic Motion)

`kv: x = Asin (ωt + )

PPS Academy:01788663334 A Unit  Physics Suggestion (GST+JU+RU) Page| 27 -

A.1:1 B. 2:1 C. 3:1 D. †KvbwUB bq