Math Class 10 - Solution

mvaviY MwYZ
µwgK bs Aa¨vq c„ôv

1. ev¯Íe msL¨v .......................................... 01
2. †mU I dvskb .......................................... 25
3. exRMvwYwZK ivwk .......................................... 65
4. m~PK I jMvwi`g .......................................... 129
5. GK PjKwewkó mgxKiY .......................................... 167
6. †iLv, †KvY I wÎfzR .......................................... 205
7. eënvwiK R¨vwgwZ .......................................... 245
8. e„Ë .......................................... 282
9. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ .......................................... 360
10. `~iZ¡ I D”PZv .......................................... 413
11. exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ .......................................... 437
12. `yB PjKwewkó mij mnmgxKiY .......................................... 480
13. mmxg aviv .......................................... 522
14. AbycvZ, m`„k¨Zv I cÖwZmgZv .......................................... 564
15. †ÿÎdj m¤úwK©Z Dccv`¨ I m¤úv`¨ .......................................... 606
16. cwiwgwZ .......................................... 632
17. cwimsL¨vb .......................................... 705
beg-`kg †kÖwY : mvaviY MwYZ  1
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
ev¯Íe msL¨v
Rvg©vb MwYZwe` wiPvW© †WwWKvBÛ (1831-1916) êg~Z© MwYZ,
Real Numbers exRMvwYwZK msL¨vZË¡ I ev¯ Íe msL¨vi wfwËg~‡j ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb
iv‡Lb| wZwb Ag~j` msL¨viI msÁv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 ¯^vfvweK msL¨v (Natural Number) : 1, 2, 3, 4,  BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ev abvZ¥K ALÊ msL¨v e‡j| 2, 3, 5, 7,
 BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges 4, 6, 8, 9,  BZ¨vw` †hŠwMK msL¨v|
 c~Y©msL¨v (Integer) : k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K ALÊ msL¨vmg~n‡K c~Y©msL¨v ejv nq|
A_©vr  −3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, BZ¨vw` c~Y©msL¨v|
p
 fMœvsk msL¨v (Fractional Number) : p, q ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK, q  0 Ges q  1 n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K fMœvsk msL¨v e‡j| †hgb
1 3 −5
: 2, 2, 3 BZ¨vw` fMœvsk msL¨v|
 p  q n‡j fMœvsk‡K cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ges p  q n‡j fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk ejv nq|
1 1 2 1 3 4 5 5
†hgb : 2, 3, 3, 4,  BZ¨vw` cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ges 2, 3, 3, 4, BZ¨vw` AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
p
 g~j` msL¨v (Rational Number) : p I q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q  0 n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K g~j` msL¨v ejv nq|
3 11 5
†hgb : 1 = 3, 2 = 55, 3 = 1666 BZ¨vw` g~j` msL¨v|
p
 Ag~j` msL¨v (Irrational Number) : †h msL¨v‡K q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, †hLv‡b p, q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q  0, †m msL¨v‡K
Ag~j` msL¨v ejv nq| c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
5
†hgb : 2 = 1414213 , 3 = 1732, 2 = 158113  BZ¨vw` Ag~j` msL¨v| Ag~j` msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ
wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
 `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v : g~j` msL¨v I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K `kwg‡K cÖKvk Kiv n‡j G‡K `kwgK fMœvsk ejv nq|
5 10
†hgb : 3 = 30, 2 = 25, 3 = 33333 , 3 = 1732  BZ¨vw` `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v|
 ev¯Íe msL¨v (Real Number) : mKj g~j` msL¨v Ges Ag~j` msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v ejv nq|
 abvZ¥K msL¨v (Positive Number) : k~b¨ A‡cÿv eo mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K abvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
1 3 ..
†hgb : 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0415, 062, 4120345061,  BZ¨vw` abvZ¥K msL¨v|
 FYvZ¥K msL¨v (Negative Number) : k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K FYvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
..
†hgb : −1, − 2, − 21, − 32, − 2, − 0415, − 062, − 4120345061 BZ¨vw` FYvZ¥K msL¨v|
 AFYvZ¥K msL¨v (Non-negative Number) : k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v‡K AFYvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
1 .
†hgb : 0, 3, 2, 0612, 13, 2120345 BZ¨vw` AFYvZ¥K msL¨v|
Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ \ 1 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, (K) 5 (L) 7 (M) 10 cÖ‡Z¨‡K AZGe, 5 c~Y©msL¨v bq| A_©vr 5 g~j` ev Ag~j` msL¨v|
Ag~j` msL¨v g‡b Kwi, 5 g~j` msL¨v|
mgvavb : (K) GLv‡b, 22 = 4; 32 = 9 Ges ( 5)2 = 5 p
Zvn‡j awi, 5 = q; †hLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  0
myZivs 5, 2 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 3 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v|
Ges p, q mn‡gŠwjK, q  1
p2 p
ev, 5 = q2 ; eM© K‡i A_©vr 10  q
p 2
ev, 5q = q ; Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i| AZGe, 10 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v (cÖgvwYZ)
p2
2| (K) 031 Ges 012 Gi g‡a¨ `yBwU Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki|
GLv‡b, 5q ¯úóZ c~Y©msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y©msL¨v bq| KviY p I mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, GKwU msL¨v, a = 030300300030
q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1 Ges Aci msL¨v, b = 02020020002
p2 p2 ¯úóZ : a I b DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB
myZivs, 5q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 5q  q 031 A‡cÿv †QvU Ges 012 A‡cÿv eo
p
 5 Gi gvb AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv,
A_©vr, 031  03030030003  012
q Ges 031  02020020002  012
p
A_©vr, 5  q Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
AZGe, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| (cÖgvwYZ)  a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v, hv 031 Ges 012 Gi
gv‡S Aew¯’Z|
(L) GLv‡b, 4  7  9 wb‡Y©q msL¨v, 03030030003
ev, 4  7  9 Ges 02020020002
ev, 2  7  3 [ we. `ª. : Giƒc AmsL¨ Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Kiv hvq|]
 7, 2 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 3 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v 1
(L) Ges 2 Gi g‡a¨ GKwU g~j` Ges GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
2
AZGe, 7 c~Y©msL¨v bq, A_©vr 7 g~j` ev Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki|
g‡b Kwi, 7 g~j` msL¨v| mgvavb : K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i cvB,
p 1
Zvn‡j awi, 7 = q; †hLv‡b p, q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v q  0 Ges = 07071 Ges 2 = 14142
2
p,q mn‡gŠwjK, q  1 7
p2 g‡b Kwi, GKwU msL¨v a = 5 = 14
ev, 7 = q2; Dfq cÿ‡K eM© K‡i
Ges Aci msL¨v b = 1404004000400004
p2 1
ev, 7q = ; Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y
q
K‡i| ¯úóZ : a I b DfqB ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB A‡cÿv
2
p2 eo Ges 2 A‡cÿv †QvU|
GLv‡b, 7q ¯úóZ c~Y© msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y© msL¨v bq, KviY p
A_©vr, 07071  14   14142
I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1 Ges 07071  1404004000400004  14142
p2 p2 Avevi, a †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq I b †K fMœvsk
 7q Ges mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 7q  q
q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
p
 7 Gi gvb q AvKv‡i †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv| GLb, 07071 I 14142 Gi gv‡S a I b Aew¯’Z Ges a
p
g~j` msL¨v I b Ag~j` msL¨v|
A_©vr, 7  q kZ©g‡Z, a g~j` msL¨v I b Ag~j` msL¨v hv 07071 Ges
14142 Gi gv‡S Aew¯’Z|
AZGe, 7 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v (cÖgvwYZ)
7
(M) GLv‡b, 9  10  16 wb‡Y©q g~j` msL¨v, 5 ev, 14
ev, 9  10  16 Ges Ag~j` msL¨v 1404004000400004 
ev, 3  10  4 [ we. `ª. : Giƒc AmsL¨ g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Kiv hvq|]
 10, 3 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 4 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v| cÖkœ \ 3 \ (K) cÖgvY Ki †h, †h‡Kv‡bv we‡Rvo c~Y© msL¨vi eM©
AZGe, 10 c~Y© msL¨v bq, A_©vr 10 g~j` ev Ag~j` msL¨v GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v|
g‡b Kwi, 10 g~j` msL¨v| mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, n GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v
p  n = 2x − 1; †hLv‡b x GKwU c~Y© msL¨v
Zvn‡j awi, 10 = q; †hLv‡b p, q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  0
 n2 = (2x −1) ; Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i
2
Ges p, q mn‡gŠwjK, q  1 2 2
p2
= (2x) − 22x1 + (1)
ev, 10 = q2; Dfq cÿ‡K eM© K‡i = 4x2 − 4x + 1 = 4x(x −1) + 1
p 2 GLv‡b, 4x(x −1) msL¨vwU 2 Øviv wefvR¨| A_©vr †Rvo msL¨v|
ev, 10q = q ; Dfqcÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i|  4x(x −1) + 1 msL¨vwU we‡Rvo msL¨v|
p2
GLv‡b, 10q úóZ c~Y© msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y© msL¨v bq, KviY p AZGe, n2 we‡Rvo msL¨v|
myZivs mKj we‡Rvo c~Y© msL¨vi eM© GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v (cÖgvwYZ)
I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1
p2 p2 (L) cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 (AvU) Øviv wefvR¨|
 10q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr 10q  q mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨v h_vµ‡g 2x I 2x + 2
p
 10 Gi gvb AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv,
µwgK msL¨v `yBwUi ¸Ydj, 2x  (2x + 2); †hLv‡b x
q †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v|
 2x (2x + 2) = 2x (2x + 2) = 4x2 + 4x = 4x (x + 1) 53
= 15 ) 53 (353333
GLv‡b, x I x + 1 `yBwU µwgK msL¨v| myZivs G‡ì GKwU 15 45
†Rvo msL¨v n‡eB| 80
 x(x + 1) msL¨vwU 2 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e| 75
50
 4x(x +1) msL¨vwU 4  2 ev 8 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e| 45
AZGe, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e| 50
myZivs x Gi ¯^vfvweK gvb wbwe©‡k‡l 8 Øviv 4x(x +1) msL¨vwU 45
wefvR¨ n‡e| (cÖgvwYZ) 50
45
cÖkœ \ 4 \ Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki : 50
1 45
(K) 6
5
mgvavb : wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 353333 = 353̇
1 cÖkœ \ 5 \ mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki :
= 6) 10 (016666
6 6 (K) 02̇
40 mgvavb : 02̇ = 2222 
36
40 02̇  10 = 0222   10 = 2222
36 Ges 02̇  1 = 0222   1 = 0222
40 (we‡qvM K‡i) 02̇  10 − 02̇  1 = 2
36 ev, 02̇ (10 −1) = 2
40
36
ev, 02̇  9 = 2
2
4 AZGe, 02̇ = 9
jÿ Kwi, fMœvs‡ki je‡K ni w`‡q fvM K‡i `kwgK fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Kivi 2
mgq fv‡Mi cÖwµqv †kl nq bvB| †`Lv hvq †h, fvMd‡j GKB msL¨v 6 evi wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 9
evi Av‡m| GLv‡b 016666 GKwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk| (L) 03̇5̇
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk = 016666  = 016̇ mgvavb : 03̇5̇ = 0353535 
7 03̇5̇  100 = 0353535  100 = 35353535
(L) 11
Ges 03̇5̇  1 = 0353535  1 = 0353535
mgvavb : (we‡qvM K‡i) 03̇5̇  (100 − 1) = 35
7
11 = 11) 70 (0636363 ev, 03̇5̇  99 = 35
66 35
40  03̇5̇ = 99
33 35
70 wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 99
66 (M) 0 13̇
40
33 mgvavb : 013̇ = 013333 
70 013̇  100 = 013333  100 = 13333
66 Ges 013̇  10 = 01333  10 = 1333
4
(we‡qvM K‡i) 013̇  (100 −10) =13 −1
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 0636363 = 0 6̇3̇ 12 2
2 ev, 013̇  90 = 12 ev, 013̇ = 90 = 15
(M) 3 9
2
mgvavb : wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 15
2 29 (N) 378̇
3 = = 9) 29 (32222
9 9 27 mgvavb : 378̇ = 378888
20
378̇ 100 = 378888 100 = 3788888
18
20 Ges 378̇ 10 = 378888 10 = 378888
18 (we‡qvM K‡i) 378̇  (100 − 10) = 378 − 37
20 341 71
18 ev, 378̇  90 = 341 ev, 378̇ = 90 = 3 90
20 71
18 wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 3 90
2
(O) 623̇09̇
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 32222 = 32̇
8
mgvavb : 623̇09̇ = 62309309309
(N) 3 15 
623̇09  10000 = 62309309309  10000 = 62309309309
8 3  15 + 8 45 + 8 53 Ges 623̇09̇10 = 62309309309  10 = 62309309309
mgvavb : 3 15 = 15 = 15 = 15
(we‡qvM K‡i) 623̇09̇  (10000 − 10) = 62309 − 62 wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 12320̇0̇, 2199̇9̇ I 4325̇6̇
ev, 623̇09̇  9990 = 62247 cÖkœ \ 7 \ †hvM Ki :
62247 20749 769
ev, 623̇09̇ = 9990 = 3330 = 6 3330 (K) 045̇ + 0134̇
mgvavb : GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë
769
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 6 3330 As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki :  045̇ = 0455̇ 5
(K) 23̇, 523̇5̇ 0134̇ = 0134̇ 4
0589̇ 9
mgvavb : 23̇, 523̇5̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v
 045̇ + 0134̇ = 0589̇
h_vµ‡g 0, 1 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1 I 2| m`„k
wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 0589̇
Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki
A¼ msL¨v 1 n‡e Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e h_vµ‡g 1 I (L) 205̇ + 804̇ + 7018
2 Gi j mv ¸ 2| A_©vr m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨vi
`kwg‡Ki c‡i †gvU msL¨v (1 + 2) = 3wU| As‡ki A¼ n‡e 1 I 1 Gi jmv¸ 1|
myZivs 2 3̇ = 233̇3̇ cÖ_‡g wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K m`„k Kiv n‡q‡Q|
523̇5̇ = 523̇5̇ 205̇ = 20555̇ 5
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 233̇3̇ , 523̇5̇ 804̇ = 80444̇ 4
7018 = 70180̇ 0
(L) 726̇, 4237̇
171179̇ 9
mgvavb : 726̇ I 4237̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v
 205̇ + 804̇ + 7018 = 171179̇
h_vµ‡g 1 I 2 | GLv‡b Abve„Ë A¼ msL¨v 4237̇ `kwg‡K wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 171179̇
†ewk Ges G msL¨v n‡jv 2| ZvB m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z
n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 n‡e| (M) 0006̇ + 09̇2̇ + 001̇34̇
726̇ I 4237̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Ave„Ë As‡ki msL¨v h_vµ‡g 1 mgvavb : GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
I 1| 1 I 1Gi j mv ¸ n‡jv 1| ZvB m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK A¼ n‡e 1, 2 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 6|
Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1 cÖ_‡g wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K m`„k Kiv n‡q‡Q|
n‡e| 0006̇ = 0006̇66666̇ 66
myZivs 726̇ = 7266̇, 09̇2̇ = 0929̇29292̇ 92
4237̇ = 4237̇ 001̇34̇ = 0013̇41341̇ 34
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 7266̇,4237̇ = 0949̇37300̇ 92
(M) 57̇, 8 3̇4̇, 62̇45̇  0006̇ + 09̇2̇ + 01̇34̇ = 0949̇37300̇
mgvavb : 57̇, 83̇4̇ I 62̇45̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 0949̇37300̇
msL¨v h_vµ‡g, 0, 0 I 0| GLv‡b Abve„Ë A¼ msL¨v 0| ZvB cÖkœ \ 8 \ we‡qvM Ki :
m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë
(K) 34̇ − 213̇
As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 0 n‡e| 57̇, 8 3̇4̇ I 6 2̇45̇ Ave„Ë
`kwg‡K Ave„Ë As‡ki msL¨v h_vµ‡g 1, 2 I 3| 1, 2 I 3 Gi
As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k
jmv¸ n‡jv 6| ZvB m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK Ki‡Z n‡j
K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 6 n‡e|
34̇ = 344̇ 44
myZivs 57̇ = 57̇77777̇,
213̇ = 213̇ 33
83̇4̇ = 8 3̇43434̇ I 6 2̇45̇ = 6 2̇45245̇ 131̇ 11
wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvskmg~n : 57̇77777̇, 83̇43434̇ I  34̇ − 213̇ = 131̇
62̇45245̇ wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 131̇
(N) 1232, 219̇, 4325̇6̇ (L) 51̇2̇ − 345̇
mgvavb : 1232 G Abve„Ë Ask ej‡Z `kwgK we›`yi c‡i 2wU A¼ mgvavb : GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Ges Ave„Ë
 As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 I 1 Gi jmv¸ 2| GLb `kwgK
GLv‡b Ave„Ë Ask †bB| 219 G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1,
 msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv|
43256 G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
51̇2̇ = 512̇1̇ 21
A¼ msL¨v 2| GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v me‡P‡q 345̇ = 345̇5̇ 55
†ewk n‡jv 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 1 I 2 Gi j mv = 166̇5̇ 66
¸ 2| cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2  51̇2̇ − 345̇ = 166̇5̇
Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2| wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 166̇5̇
 1232 = 12320̇0̇ (M) 849 − 535̇6̇
219̇ = 2199̇9̇
I 4325̇6̇ = 4325̇6̇
mgvavb : GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë 4176
232
26
As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k  421̇8̇  028̇ = 
99 90
K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| 5
6032
849 = 8490̇0̇ 00 = = 1218585858 = 1218̇5̇
495
535̇6̇ = 5356̇5̇ 65
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 1218̇5̇
= 3133̇4̇ 35
 849 − 535̇6̇ = 3133̇4̇
cÖkœ \ 10 \ fvM Ki :
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 3133̇4̇ (K) 03̇  06̇
(N) 19345̇ − 1323̇49̇ mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi
mgvavb : GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë Kwi|
3 1
As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 3| GLb Ave„Ë 03̇ = =
9 3
`kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| 6 2
19345̇ = 19345̇55̇ 55 06̇ = =
9 3
1323̇49̇ = 13234̇93̇ 49 1 2 1 3 1
 03̇  06̇ =  =  = = 05
= 6110̇62̇ 06 3 3 3 2 2
 19345̇ − 1323̇49̇ = 6110̇62̇ wb‡Y©q fvMdj 05
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 6110̇62̇ (L) 035̇  17̇
cÖkœ \ 9 \ ¸Y Ki : mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi
(K) 03̇  06̇ Kwi|
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi 35 − 3 32 16
Kwi| 035̇ = = =
90 90 45
3 1 17 − 1 16
03̇ = = 17̇ = =
9 3 9 9
6 2 1 1
06̇ = = 16 16 16 9 1
9 3  035̇  17̇ =  =  = = 02
1 2 2 45 9 45 16 5
5 1
 03̇  06̇ =  = = 02̇
3 3 9 wb‡Y©q fvMdj 02
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 02̇ (M) 237̇  045̇
(L) 24̇  08̇1̇
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi
Kwi|
Kwi|
237 − 23 214
24 − 2 22 237̇ = =
24̇ = = 90 90
9 9
81 − 0 81 9 45 − 4 41
08̇1̇ = = = 045̇ = =
99 99 11 90 90
1
2 1 214 41 214 90
 24̇  08̇1̇ =
22

9
=2  237̇  045̇ =  = 
9 11 90 90 90 41
1
1 1
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 2 214
= = 52195121951
41
(M) 062̇  03̇
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi = 52̇1951̇
Kwi| wb‡Y©q fvMdj 52̇1951̇
62 − 6 56 28 (N) 11̇85̇  02̇4̇
062̇ = = =
90 90 45 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi
3 1
03̇ = = Kwi|
9 3
1185 − 1 1184
28 1 28 11̇85̇ = =
 062̇  03̇ =  = 999 999
45 3 135
24
= 0207407407 = 020̇74̇ 02̇4̇ =
99
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 020̇74̇ 1184 24
 11̇85̇  02̇4̇ = 
(N) 421̇8̇  028̇ 999 99
148 11
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi 1184 99
= 
Kwi| 999
111
24
3
4218 − 42 4176 1628
421̇8̇ = = = = 4888 = 48̇
99 99 333
28 − 2 26 wb‡Y©q fvMdj 48̇
028̇ = =
90 90
cÖkœ \ 11 \ eM©g~j wbY©q Ki (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) Ges `yB mgvavb : 9 = 32 = 3
`kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~j¸‡jvi Avmbœ gvb †jL :  9 msL¨vwU g~j`
(K) 12 (M) 11
mgvavb : 12 Gi eM©g~j = 12 mgvavb : 11
GLb, 3 12000000 3464
 11 msL¨vwU Ag~j`
9
64 300 6
256
(N) 3
686 4400 6 3 2 2
4116 mgvavb : 3 = =
6924 28400 3 3 3
27696 6
704

3
msL¨vwU Ag~j`
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 3464 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) 8
Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 346 (O)
7
(L) 02̇5̇
8 2 4 22 2 2
mgvavb : 02̇5̇ Gi eM©g~j = 0.2̇5̇ mgvavb : = = =
7 7 7 7
Avgiv Rvwb, 02̇5̇ = 0252525 8
GLb, 5 0252525 0502  msL¨vwU Ag~j`
7
25
27
1002 2525 (P)
2004 48
521 27 3 9 9 3
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 0502 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) mgvavb : = = =
48 3  16 16 4
Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 050 27
(M) 134̇  msL¨vwU g~j`
48
mgvavb : 134̇ Gi eM©g~j = 1.34̇ 2
Avgiv Rvwb, 134̇ = 134444 3
GLb, 1 134444 1159
(Q) 3
1 7
21 34 2
21 3 2 3 2 7 14
225 1344 mgvavb : 3 = 3  7 = 3  3 = 9
1125
2309 21944 7
20781 2
1163 3
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 1159 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) 
3
msL¨vwU g~j`
Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 116 7
(N) 513̇02̇ (R) 56̇39̇
mgvavb : 513̇02̇ Gi eM©g~j = 5.13̇02̇ 5639 − 5 5634
mgvavb : 56̇39̇ = =
Avgiv Rvwb, 513̇02̇ = 51302302302 999 999
GLb, 2 51302302302 2265  56̇39̇ msL¨vwU g~j`
4 cÖkœ \ 13 \ mij Ki :
42 113
84 (K) (03̇  083̇)  (05  01̇) + 035̇  008̇
446 2902 mgvavb : (03̇  0 83̇)  (05  01̇) + 035̇  008̇
2676
3 83 − 8
4525 22630
22625
= 
9 90   (105  19) + 3590− 3  890− 0
5  31 75  5 32 8
25
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j2265 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) =    90 + 90  90

9 90
Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 227  3
1 
cÖkœ \ 12 \ wb‡Pi †Kvb msL¨v¸‡jv g~j` Ges †Kvb msL¨v¸‡jv =
25 5 32 8
 + 
Ag~j` †jL : 90 90 90 90
5 1 4 1
(K) 04̇ 25 90 32 90
4 =  +  = 5 + 4 = 9 (Ans.)
90 5 90 8
mgvavb : 04̇ = 9 1 1 1 1
(L) [(627  05)  {(05  075)  836}]
 04̇ msL¨vwU g~j`
 {(025  01)  (075  213̇)  05}
(L) 9 mgvavb : [(627  05)  {(05  075)  836}]
 {(025  01)  (075  213̇)  05} ¯úóZ: a I b DfqB ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 5
 627 5   5
1 1
75  836
3
A‡cÿv eo Ges 4 A‡cÿv †QvU|
=     
100  100
 
 100
20
10
  2 10
4  A_©vr, 5  3020022000222  4
 251 1   753 213 − 21 51  Ges 5  3505500555  4
       10 
 4  1004  2 Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
100 10 9
 a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v|

627  3 836209  1 13 19248  1
16
=          M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|

200 82 100  40 41 931  2 cÖgvY : 22 = 4; 32 = 9 Ges ( 5)2 = 5
627 627  1 81 1  myZivs 5, 2 A‡cÿv eo wKš‘ 3 A‡cÿv †QvU msL¨v|
= [ 
200 200 ]

40
 5
 16  
21
 AZGe, 5 c~Y©msL¨v bq|
627 2001 1
1
g‡b Kwi, 5 g~j` msL¨v|
=  
2001 6271 5 p
Zvn‡j awi, 5 = q; †hLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  0
1 5
= 1  = 1  = 5 (Ans.)
5 1 Ges p, q mn‡gŠwjK, q  1
cÖkœ \ 14 \ 5 I 4 `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v| p2
ev, 5 = q2 ; eM© K‡i
K †KvbwU g~j` I †KvbwU Ag~j` wb‡`©k Ki|
L 5 I 4 G‡ì g‡a¨ `yBwU Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki| p2
ev, 5q = q ; Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i
M cÖgvY Ki †h, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| p2
mgvavb : GLv‡b 5q ¯úóZ c~Y©msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y©msL¨v bq| KviY
K 5 Ag~j` msL¨v| KviY, 5 c~Y© eM©msL¨v bq| p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1
4 p2 p2
g~j` msL¨v| KviY 4 = 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq Ges
4 myZivs 5q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 5q  q
GwU c~Y© eM©msL¨v| p
L GLv‡b, 5 = 22360679  5 Gi gvb q AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡ibv,
g‡b Kwi, a = 3020022000222 A_©vr, 5  q
p
Ges b = 3505500555
AZGe, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| (cÖgvwYZ)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? 
23
L
51
M
1
N
33
3
45 100 2 99
16 64 3
K4 L
9
M
8
 8. A = {x : x  N Ges 2 < x  6} †mUwU ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z
2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
2. mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K wK e‡j?
K A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}  A = {3, 4, 5, 6}
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L †gŠwjK msL¨v
M A = {2, 3, 4, 5 N A = {3, 4, 5}
M c~Y©msL¨v  ev¯Íe msL¨v
9. mvgvb¨ fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki : 2.05̇.
3. 0.4̇5̇ Gi mvgvb¨ fMœvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 205 203 37 41
4 9 5 9 K L  N
K L  N
100 90 18 20
5 20 11 11 10. g~j` msL¨vwU †KvbwU?
4. 0.13̇ †K mvgvb¨ fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| †KvbwU mwVK? K 13 L 14 M 15  16
13 4 13 2
K
90
L
33
M
99

15
11. 0.61̇ Gi mvgvb¨ fMœvsk †KvbwU?
20 11 61 2
5. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? K  M N
33 18 100 3
6 8 28 12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v?
K 11 L M 
3 7 48
3 3 5
6. 5.78̇ msL¨vwU‡K mvgvb¨ fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU K 64 L 9 M 
4 2
n‡e? 13. 2.02̇ Gi `kwgK fMœvsk †KvbwU?
78 78 71 71 182 200 182 200
K5 L5 5 N5 K L  N
90 9 90 9 9 9 90 90
7. 0.51̇ Gi mvgvb¨ fMœvsk †KvbwU? 14. (x) = x5 + 5x − 3 n‡j, (1) Gi gvb KZ?
K −9 L −7 3 N7 23. ev¯Íe msL¨vi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
15. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? i. 0.8̇1̇ GKwU `kwgK fMœvsk
3 5 7 9 ii. 9 GKwU g~j` msL¨v
K L M 
3 5 3 4
iii. 11 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
16. 0.31̇ Gi mvgvb¨ fMœvsk †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
28 31 14 1
K L  N K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
99 100 45 3
17. wb‡Pi †Kvb msL¨v¸‡jv mKj ai‡bi c~Y©msL¨vi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ 24. ev¯Íe msL¨vi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
i. c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
K‡i?
K − 2, − 1, 0  − 1, 0, 1 M 0, 1, 2 N − 1, 1, 2
ii. k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
iii. k~b¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
18. 0.8̇4̇ Gi mvgvb¨ fMœvs‡k cÖKvk †KvbwU?
76 21 28 14 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K L  N  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
99 85 33 15
19. .0144 Gi eM©g~j KZ? 25. ev¯Íe msL¨vi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
K 0.012  0.120 M 1.200 N 12.000 i. 49 GKwU †gŠwjK msL¨v
20. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? ii. 0.03 GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk
K 2 L 3  4 N 5 iii. 2 + 2 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
21. †KvbwU fMœvsk msL¨v? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
27 9 4 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K L  N2
38 48 3 26. x, y, z ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges x < y n‡j,
22. p, q, r ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges p < q n‡jÑ i. xz < yz hLb, z > 0 ii. xz > yz hLb, z < 0
i. pr < qr, hLb r > 0 ii. pr > qr, hLb r < 0 iii. x(y + z) = xy + xz
iii. pr > qr, hLb r  0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

35. 1, 2, 3, 4  BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv-
mvaviY Av‡jvPbv i. ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ii. abvZ¥K ALÊ msL¨v
27. me©cÖ_g k~b¨ I `kwfwËK ¯’vbxqgvb c×wZi cÖPjb K‡ibÑ (mnR) iii. †hŠwMK msL¨v
 fviZe‡l©i MwYZwe`MY L wgk‡ii MwYZwe`MY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M wMÖ‡mi MwYZwe`MY N Rvg©vb MwYZwe`MY
28. cÖYvwje× ev¯Íe msL¨vi c~Y©Zv cvq †Kvb kZvãx‡Z? (mnR) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 Ebwesk L wesk M Î‡qv`k N Aóv`k  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 36 I 37bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
5
¯^vfvweK msL¨v 9, 12, 13, 3, 11, , 29, 30 KZK¸‡jv msL¨v|
6
36. Dc‡ii msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv †hŠwMK msL¨v? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 9, 12, 3  9, 12, 30 M 11, 3, 9 N 29, 3, 11
29. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z ¯^vfvweK msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR) 37. Dc‡ii msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv †gŠwjK msL¨v? (mnR)
K 9, 12, 13, 11  3, 11, 29
K −1, 0, 1, 2  1, 2, 3, 4 M 0, 1, 2, 3 N 2, 3, 4, 5
5 5
30. ¯^vfvweK msL¨v †m‡Ui ¶z`ªZg m`m¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) M , 29, 30
6
N 3, ,
6
13
K −1 L0 1 N2
31. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †gŠwjK msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR) c~Y© msL¨v
K 1, 2, 3 L 2, 3, 4  3, 5, 7 N 3, 4, 5
32. 2, 4, 6, 8,  BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv Kx ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 †Rvo ¯^vfvweK we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK
L
M Ag~j` µwgK ¯^vfvweK
N 38. k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K ALÛ msL¨vmg~n‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
33. 2, 3, 5, 7 msL¨v¸‡jv Kx ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR) K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v  c~Y©msL¨v
 †gŠwjK L †hŠwMK M Ag~j` N µwgK M ev¯Íe msL¨v N †gŠwjK
34. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †hŠwMK msL¨v- (mnR) msL¨v
K9 L 11 M 29  39 39. 3 I 5 Gi gv‡S c~Y© msL¨v KqwU? (mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K1 L2 3 N4
40. − 3, 3, 9, -9, 6,-6 msL¨v¸‡jv †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v  c~Y©msL¨v enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
M Ag~j` msL¨v N g~j` msL¨v
b 51. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
41. b I c c~Y© msL¨v Ges c, b Gi ¸YbxqK n‡j c wb‡Pi †KvbwU p
i. AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K fMœvsk msL¨v e‡j †hLv‡b, p, q
n‡e? (mnR) q
 c~Y©msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK
3 5 5
M Ave„Ë `kwgK N Abve„Ë `kwgK ii. 2, 3, 4  BZ¨vw` AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
b cx 1 2 1
e¨vL¨v : c, b Gi ¸YbxqK n‡j c = c = x n‡e| †hLv‡b x GKK c~Y©msL¨v| BZ¨vw` cÖK…Z fMœvsk
iii. 2, 3, 4
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)

42. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : e¨vL¨v : i. `ywU c~Y© msL¨vi AbycvZ e‡j cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK
i. −2, −1, 0, 1, 2,  BZ¨vw` c~Y© msL¨v ii. cÖ‡Z¨KwU fMœvs‡ki je eo ni †QvU| myZivs cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK
iii. cÖ‡Z¨KwU fMœvs‡ki je †QvU ni eo| myZivs cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK
ii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨vB c~Y© msL¨v
iii. −5, −4, −3 BZ¨vw` FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 Ñ 54bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Ki L iii  i I ii N i I iii
1 2 2 4
43. c~Y© msL¨vi− , , ,
2 3 4 6
PviwU fMœvsk|
i. eM© c~Y© msL¨v ii. eM©g~j Aek¨B c~Y© msL¨v 52. cÖ_g I wØZxq fMœvskØ‡qi †hvMdj †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (ga¨g)
iii. D`vniY −2, −1, 0, 1, 2| K cÖK…Z fMœvsk  AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
M wgkª fMœvsk N c~Y© msL¨v
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
53. wb‡Pi †Kvb `yBwUi gvb mgvb? (mnR)
fMœvsk msL¨v K ,
1 4
L ,
1 2
M ,
1 4 2 4
 ,
2 6 2 3 2 6 3 6
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 54. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk? (mnR)
p 1 2 4 6
K L M 
44. q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K Kx ai‡bi msL¨v e‡j? †hLv‡b p, q 2 4 6 4
ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK| (mnR) g~j` msL¨v
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L †gŠwjK msL¨v
M †hŠwMK msL¨v  fMœvsk msL¨v mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
3 6 −7
45. , ,
2 5 4
msL¨v¸‡jv †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR) p
55. p I q c~Y© msL¨v Ges q  0 n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K Kx
 fMœvsk msL¨v L ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
ejv nq? (mnR)
M †gŠwjK msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
p  g~j` msL¨v L c~Y© msL¨v M¯^vfvweK msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
46. p = 3, q = 5 n‡j q †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : †h msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq Zv‡K
 cÖK…Z fMœvsk L AcÖK…Z msL¨v g~j` msL¨v e‡j|
M c~Y© msL¨v N ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 56. a = b, a c~Y©eM© msL¨v bv n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? (mnR)
3 5 7 K a  ab Ma b N b
47. , , fMœvsk¸‡jv Kx ai‡bi fMœvsk? (mnR)
2 3 4 57. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? (mnR)
K cÖK…Z fMœvsk  AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
3 7 9 11
M FYvZ¥K fMœvsk N wgkª fMœvsk K
2
L
3

4
N
5
3 7 12
48. 5, 12 I 23 fMœvsk¸‡jv Kx ai‡bi fMœvsk? (mnR) 58. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? (mnR)
3
 cÖK…Z fMœvsk L AcÖK…Z fMœvsk  4 L 5 M N 2314201
M wgkª fMœvsk N FYvZ¥K 2
49. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk? (mnR) 59. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? (mnR)
2 5 5 6 5 3
K3  M N K 7 L  12 N
3 7 7 2 2
p 60. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : p, q ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK q  0 Ges q  1 n‡j, q AvKv‡ii
3 3 3
msL¨v‡K fMœvsk e‡j| p  q n‡j fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk e‡j| K 27  27 M 7 N 5
5
GLv‡b, 3 fMœvskwU‡Z 5  3; hv GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
61. 625 Gi eM©g~j †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (ga¨g)
 g~j` msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v
50. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk? (mnR) M FYvZ¥K msL¨v N `kwgK fMœvsk
4 8 7 13 22
K3 L  N 62. , 9, 25 BZ¨vw` †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
3 9 8 7
K c~Y©  g~j` M ¯^vfvweK N Ag~j` enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
63. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi eM©g~j g~j` msL¨v? (KwVb)
3 4 4 77. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K L  N5 i. c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j
9 3 9
49 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
64. 81
†Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v cÖKvk K‡i? (ga¨g) p
ii. g~j` msL¨v‡K q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq| †hLv‡b p I q
 g~j` msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v
M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N AcÖK…Z fMœvsk c~Y© msL¨v Ges q ≠ 0
iii. 158113GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
65. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K i I ii  i I iii M iii N ii I iii
i. g~j` msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv hvq 78. Ag~j` msL¨v n‡jv-
ii. mKj c~Y©msL¨v n‡e g~j` msL¨v i. 9 I 16 ii. 5 I 7
iii. mKj fMœvsk msL¨v n‡e g~j` msL¨v iii. 8 I 12
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
66. g~j` msL¨v n‡jv− 79. 5 Gi gvb 22360679n‡j GwU-
i. 9 ii. 3 i. GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
iii. 1666  ii. GKwU g~j` msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) iii. `yBwU c~Y© msL¨vi Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
67. g~j` msL¨vi †ÿ‡ÎÑ Ki L i I ii  i I iii N ii I iii
i. cÖ‡Z¨K c~Y© msL¨vB g~j` msL¨v 80. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
ii. a I b `yBwU g~j` msL¨v n‡j a + b, a − b Ges ab g~j` msL¨v i. 0 (k~b¨) GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
a
iii. g~j` msL¨v, hLb b  0 Ges a, b c~Y© msL¨v ii. cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ag~j` msL¨v
b 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) iii.
2
GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii  iii
Ag~j` msL¨v
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 81 − 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
68. †h msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq p
bv, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) †h msL¨v‡K q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, †hLv‡b p,q c~Y©msL¨v Ges
K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L g~j`msL¨v
q ≠ o| †m msL¨v‡K Ag~j` msL¨v ejv nq|
 Ag~j` msL¨v N c~Y© msL¨v
81. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? (mnR)
69. 3, 5 I 7 msL¨vi eM©g~j Kx ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
3 1 3 3
K ¯^vfvweK L c~Y© M g~j`  Ag~j` K L M 64  5
4 2
82. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? (ga¨g)
 1581113 L 166666 M 133333 N 066666
71. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? (mnR) K 3415 L
5

3
N
9
9 2 4
K 9  13 M 16 N 25
p
83. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? (ga¨g)
72. wb‡Pi †Kvb msL¨vwU‡K AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv?
q
(ga¨g) 10 9 2 4
 L M N
K 9 L 0 5 M 0333  3 2 2 32 25
5 5 3
`kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v
K L 4  N−
2 2 2 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
25
74. 50
†Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (ga¨g)
84. g~j` msL¨v I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K `kwg‡K cÖKvk Kiv n‡j Zv‡K
K g~j`  Ag~j` M †gŠwjK N ¯^vfvweK Kx e‡j? (mnR)
75. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j`? (mnR) K ALÊ msL¨v L fMœvsk msL¨v
K 16  10 M 25 N 4  `kwgK fMœvsk N ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
76. 3 I 4 Gi g‡a¨ Ag~j` msL¨v †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 85. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk? (ga¨g)
K 2 L 482  25 N 414 10 5 5 5
K  M N
3 2 3 2
86. †Kvb `yBwU‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi Abycv‡Zi AvKv‡i †jLv hv‡e? (ga¨g)  Amxg `kwgK L mmxg `kwgK M Ag~j`xq N mmxg Ave„Ë
 0415 I 06̇2̇ L 2 I 062
M 0 6̇2̇ I 4120345061 N 2 I 0415
ev¯Íe msL¨v (abvZ¥K msL¨v, FYvZ¥K msL¨v,
415 62
e¨vL¨v : 0415 = 100, 06˙ 2˙ = 99
AFYvZ¥K msL¨v)
87. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk? (mnR) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 14142135 L 21356124
98. mKj g~j` Ges Ag~j` msL¨v‡K Kx msL¨v ejv nq? (mnR)
 512765765 N 28284271
K ¯^vfvweK  ev¯Íe M †hŠwMK N c~Y©
88. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cÖKvk Kiv hvq? (ga¨g)
99. abvZ¥K msL¨v, FYvZ¥K msL¨v Ges k~b¨‡K GK‡Î Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
3 5 5 5
 L M N K KvíwbK msL¨v L RwUj msL¨v
11 2 2 4
 ev¯Íe msL¨v N ¯^vfvweK
89. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk? (ga¨g)
msL¨v
K 12 4̇5̇  2 M 0012 N10784̇3̇
100. ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K g~jZ Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? (mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  `yB L wZb M Pvi N cuvP
90. †Kv‡bv `kwgK fMœvs‡ki `kwgK we›`yi ci A¼ msL¨v- 101. ev¯Íe msL¨vi eM© me©`vB †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
K ¯^vfvweK L †gŠwjK  ev¯Íe N c~Y©
i. mmxg n‡j, G‡ì‡K mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk e‡j
1
ii. Amxg n‡j, G‡ì‡K Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk e‡j 102. 1, 2, 2, 0, 415, 4120345061BZ¨vw` Kx ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
iii. Amxg n‡jI A¼¸‡jvi cybive„wË NU‡Z cv‡i  abvZ¥K msL¨v L FYvZ¥K msL¨v
M †gŠwjK msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
103. wb‡Pi †Kvb ev¯Íe msL¨vi eM©g~j †gŠwjK msL¨v? (KwVb)
91. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 9 39 54 28
i. 1333GKwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk K
7
L
3

6
N
5
ii. 2123512367GKwU Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk 104. 0,3,1/2,0612,13,2120345 BZ¨vw` Kx ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
iii. 34152GKwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk K abvZ¥K msL¨v L FYvZ¥K msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  AFYvZ¥K msL¨v N †gŠwjK msL¨v
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 105. k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
92. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K FYvZ¥K msL¨v  AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
i. 1333 = 13̇ †jLv hvq M g~j` msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v
ii. 56̇5̇4̇ Amxg Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 106. k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
iii. 512765765Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk K abvZ¥K msL¨v  FYvZ¥K msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) M AFYvZ¥K msL¨v N †gŠwjK msL¨v
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
93. p = 3, q = 18 n‡j−
p 107. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. pq Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk ii. mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk
q i. mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v e‡j
q
iii. Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk ii. k~b¨ A‡cÿv eo mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K abvZ¥K msL¨v e‡j
p
iii. 0,  1,  3, 2, 3, 6˙ 2˙ BZ¨vw` ev¯Íe msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
94. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
e¨vL¨v : iii. mwVK bq| 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|
i. 3 n‡jv Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk
ii. 3605551 GKwU (mmxg) `kwgK fMœvsk
iii. 13 mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk i. 0, 123, 3 BZ¨vw` ev¯Íe msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) ii. mKj ev¯Íe msL¨v k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU nq
1
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. 0, 3, 2, 13 BZ¨vw` AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 95 − 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : i. k~b¨mn mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v e‡j| myZivs
3 22 cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK|
2, 5, I PviwU msL¨v| ii. mwVK bq| KviY ev¯Íe msL¨v k~b¨ A‡cÿv †QvU ev eo n‡Z cv‡i|
27 7 iii. k~b¨mn mKj abvZ¥K msL¨v‡K AFYvZ¥K msL¨v ejv nq|
95. 1g `yBwU msL¨vi ¸Ydj †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (ga¨g)
109. FYvZ¥K msL¨vi D`vniY n‡jvÑ
K mmxg `kwgK  Amxg `kwgK
i. − 5, − 05, − 07, 0
M g~j` N c~Y© ii. − 5, − 3, −1
96. 3q msL¨vwU †Kvb ai‡bi `kwgK fMœvsk? (ga¨g) iii. − 05, − 04, − 07
K mmxg  Amxg Ave„Ë M Amxg N Abve„Ë wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
97. 4_© msL¨vwU †Kvb ai‡bi fMœvsk? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : i. mwVK bq| KviY 0(k~b¨) AFYvZ¥K msL¨v| ev¯Íe msL¨v
iii. ab
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K i I iii L ii I iii i I iii N i, ii I iii
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 110− 112 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 126. a, b ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j−
†Kv‡bv mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z we›`ymg~‡ni †mU Ges ev¯Íe msL¨vi i. a + b = b + a ii. a + b = b  a
†m‡Ui g‡a¨ Ggbfv‡e GK GK wgj ¯’vcb Kiv hvq †hb †iLvwUi iii. ab = ba
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y (P, Q) Gi Rb¨ PQ = [a − b] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
110. ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K g~jZ Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? (mnR) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
2 L3 M4 N5
111. ev¯Íe msL¨vi eM© me©`v Kx msL¨v? (mnR) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M1 N0  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 127 − 129 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
112. 044 Gi g~j`xq fMœvsk KZ? (ga¨g) a, b, c wZbwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
4 4 9 7
K  M N 127. a I b c~Y© msL¨v n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU ev¯Íe msL¨v? (mnR)
7 9 4 4
 a+b L a−d Md−b N a+c
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 113 − 115 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : a, b ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + b ev¯Íe msL¨v|
p = 5, q = 7 128. a I b abvZ¥K msL¨v n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
113. wb‡Pi †KvbwU abvZ¥K c~Y©eM© msL¨v? (mnR)  a+b=b+a L a+b=b−a
 p2 L q2 Mp−q N p+q M a2 + b = b2 + a N a2 + b = b − a2
114. p2 − q2 Gi gvb †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : a, b ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + b = b + a
K †gŠwjK L c~Y© eM©  g~j` N Ag~j` 129. hw` c ev¯Íe msL¨v nq, Zvn‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
115. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb abvZ¥K msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i? (KwVb) K (a + b) + c = a + bc  (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
K q−p L q2 − p2  q2 N −q2 M (a + b) + c = ca + cb N (a + b) + c = ac + bc
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 116 − 118 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
p I q FYvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v Ges p  q  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 130 − 132 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
116. pq Gi gvb †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i? (KwVb) a, b, c wZbwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
 abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M Ag~j` N fMœvsk 130. a I b c~Y© msL¨v Ges a  b  0 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯^vfvweK
117. wb‡Pi †KvbwU abvZ¥K msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i? (KwVb) msL¨v? (mnR)
K p−q p+q M q−p N p2 − q2 K b−a  a−b M b2 − a2 N b − 2a
118. wb‡Pi †KvbwU FYvZ¥K msL¨v? (ga¨g) 131. a I b mn‡gŠwjK I ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Ges b  0  c n‡j
K p2 L q2  p2 − q2 N p2 + q 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? (ga¨g)
ev¯Íe msL¨vi †hvM I ¸Yb cÖwµqvi †gŠwjK êwkó¨ K a L b M
ab

a2
c b2
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 132. a  b Ges ac  bc n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
119. a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges a < b n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  c0 L c=0 Mc=1 N c  0
 a+c<b+c L a+c=b+c
M a+c>b+c N a + c </ b + c `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †kªwYweb¨vm
e¨vL¨v : ev¯Íe msL¨vi Dci †hvM I ¸Yb cÖwµqvi †gŠwjK êwkó¨ Abyhvqx|
120. a I b `ywU ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j a + b Ges ab DfqB − (mnR) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ev¯Íe msL¨v L Aev¯Íe 133. `kwgK fMœvsk KZ cÖKvi? (mnR)
msL¨v K2 3 M4 N5
M g~j` msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v 134. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk? (ga¨g)
121. a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges a < b Ges c < 0 n‡j, wb‡Pi K 0333 L 2454545
†KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M 512765765  1023
K ac = bc L ac > bc  ac < bc N ac </ b c 135. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk? (ga¨g)
122. a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, (a + b) + c = wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)  14142135 L 7832 M 5467 N 00025
 a + (b + c) L ac + bc M a + bc N abc 136. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) K 012 L 1414235 M 21356124  2454545
123. a ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + (− a) = KZ? (mnR)
0 L1 M 2a N −2a
e¨vL¨v : a ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a + (−a) = 0 137. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
124. a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a(b + c) = †KvbwU? (mnR) i. cÖ‡Z¨K ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Kiv hvq
 ab + ac L a(bc) M a − (b + c) N a + (b + c) ii. †Kv‡bv Ag~j` msL¨vi gvb hZ `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ B”Qv wbY©q Kiv hvq
e¨vL¨v : a, b, c ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, a(b + c) = ab + ac
iii. †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je I ni‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vq cÖKvk
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Ki‡Z cvi‡j, H fMœvskwU g~j` msL¨v
125. a I b ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡jÑ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. a + b ev¯Íe msL¨v ii. ab = ba Aev¯Íe msL¨v 138. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î-
i. mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk g~j` msL¨v Ave„Ë ev †cŠbtcywbK `kwgK fMœvs‡k †h Ask evievi
i.
ii. Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk Ag~j` msL¨v A_©vr cybtcyb nq, G‡K Ave„Ë Ask e‡j|
iii.Amxg `kwgK fMœvsk Ag~j` msL¨v ii. 3124124124 †K †jLv nq 312 ˙ 4˙ Øviv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) iii. 42351˙ 2˙ wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iiiN i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 148. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
1
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 139 − 141 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i.
3
Gi Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 03˙
1725, 32333 , 00036,51356123  1
001041004  Ges 0350123 `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v| ii.
9
139. 00036 Gi eM©g~j †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (KwVb) 23
 mmxg `kwgK L Amxg `kwgK
iii.
9
M Ag~j` N ¯^vfvweK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : 0.0036 = 006 hv GKwU mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk| K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
140. Amxg Ave„Ë `kwg‡Ki fMœvs‡ki msL¨v KqwU? (ga¨g)
1 ˙ myZivs Dw³wU mwVK; ii. = 0111 = 01,
e¨vL¨v : i. 3 = 0333 = 03,
1 ˙
9
2 L3 M4 N5 23 ˙ myZivs Dw³wU mwVK
myZivs Dw³wU mwVK bq; iii. = 2555 = 25,
141. mmxg `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jvi ¸Ydj †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR) 9
K Amxg `kwgK  mmxg `kwgK M Ag~j` N ¯^vfvweK Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 149 − 151 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 5 10
, , 25˙ wZbwU fMœvsk|
3 3
23
142. †K `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 5
6 149. 3 †K Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 3333  3833 M 338 N 3 338
e¨vL¨v : K 15̇  16̇ M13̇ N 03̇
6)23(3.833
10
18 150. 3 Gi Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
50
48 K 13̇ L 15̇  33̇ N 36̇
20
18
10 ˙
e¨vL¨v : 3 = 3333= 33
20
18
2
151. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk? (mnR)
143. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cÖKvk Kiv hvq? (ga¨g) K 25̇ L 1 6̇ M 33̇  42351̇2̇
3 5 5

11
L
2
M
2
5
N
4 Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk I Ave„Ë
e¨vL¨v : `kwg‡Ki gvb wbY©q
11)30(.2727
22
80 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
77
30 152. 03̇ Gi mvaviY fMœvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
22 1 1 1 3
80  L M N
3 6 9 6
77
e¨vL¨v : 03˙ = 9 = 3
3 1
3
wb‡Y©q `kwgK fMœvsk = 02727 = 02˙ 7˙ 
95
153. 024 Gi mvaviY fMœvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
144. 37 †K `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 24 8 33 11
K  M N
90 33 8 8
K 265657  25̇67̇ M 15̇67̇ N 35̇67̇ 
95 ˙ 7˙
e¨vL¨v : 37 = 256756 = 256
154. 45 †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
45 45 41 21
8 K L  N
145. 33 Gi Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cÖKvwkZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) 9 90 9 9
 45 − 4 41
e¨vL¨v : 4 5 = =
K 024̇ L 0024̇  02̇4̇ N 024̇0̇ 9 9
146. 13̇ GKwU− (mnR) 
155. 039 Gi mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvwkZ iƒc †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 weï× †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk L wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk 2 2 1 13
M Ave„Ë †cŠbtcywbK N mvaviY †cŠbtcywbK K  M N
15 5 30 90
e¨vL¨v: `kwgK fMœvs‡k `kwgK we›`yi ci Ave„Ëvsk Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv A¼ 
bv _vK‡j G‡K weï× †cŠbtcywbK e‡j| 156. 013 †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
13 13 2 4
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K
90
L
99

15
N
33

147. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 157. 035 †K mvaviY fMœvsk cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
35 9 35 99 e¨vL¨v : Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡Z Abve„Ë As‡ki msL¨v mgvb n‡j Ges Ave„Ë
K L  N As‡ki A¼ msL¨vI mgvb n‡j, Zv‡ì m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK e‡j|
9 35 99 35
 168. wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v? (ga¨g)
158. 041 Gi g~j`xq fMœvsk KZ? (ga¨g)
 9453̇, 125897̇ L 1245̇, 63̇2̇
4 41 41 4
K L  N M 643̇5̇, 28930 N34̇5̇,74̇57̇
9 9 99 33 e¨vL¨v : 167 bs e¨vL¨v †`L|
 41
e¨vL¨v : 0 41 = 99

159. 3 3124 = KZ? (ga¨g)
169. 32̇4̇ Gi-
10931 10731 10831 9931
 L M N i. Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 0
3300 3300 3300 3300
  33124 − 331 32793 10931
ii. Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2
e¨vL¨v : 3 3124 = 9900
=
9900
=
3300 iii. m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk 5̇6̇
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
160. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 170. m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨vq `kwgK we›`yiÑ
i. Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K me mgq fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Kiv hvq i. Wv‡b A¼ msL¨v me©`v mgvb
ii. mKj Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk g~j` msL¨v ii. c‡i Abve„Ë As‡ki msL¨v mgvb
 4 iii. c‡i Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v mgvb
iii. 0 44 †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
9
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 44 4 Am`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwg‡K
e¨vL¨v : 0 44 = 99 = 9 myZivs Dw³wU mwVK|
cwieZ©‡bi wbqg
001̇2̇, 513̇45̇, 325̇67̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk| 171. 56̇, 734̇5̇ I 10775̇24̇ Ave„Ë `kwg‡K−
161. 1g msL¨v‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU i. Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 0, 1 I 2
mwVK? (ga¨g) ii. Ave„Ë As‡ki msL¨v h_vµ‡g 1, 2 I 3
4 4 4 4 iii. m`„k Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 3 n‡e
K  M N
99 330 990 33 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 012 - 0 12 4  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : 0 012 = 990 = 990 = 330
162. 3q msL¨v‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) Ave„Ë `kwg‡Ki †hvM I we‡qvM
21 19 21 21
K 31 L 32  32 N 33
37
 
37 37
32567 − 32 32535 3615 1205 21
e¨vL¨v : 32 567 = = = = = 32
999 999 111 37 37 172. Ave„Ë `kwgK wewkó msL¨vi †hvMdj ev we‡qvMdj Kx iƒc nq? (mnR)
163. 2q msL¨vwUi mvaviY fMœvsk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)  Ave„Ë `kwgK L Abve„Ë `kwgK
224 224 223 224
K2 L3 M5 5 M mmxg `kwgK N Amxg Abve„Ë `kwgK
1664 1665 1665 1665
  51345 − 51 51294 8549 224 173. 24̇ + 17̇ Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : 5 1345 = = = = 5
9990 9990 1665 1665 K 08̇  42̇ M 49̇ N 35̇
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 164 − 166 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : 24˙ =
24 − 2 22
=
  9 9
0025 I 286 `yBwU `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨v| ˙ 17 − 1 16
17 = =
164. 1g fMœvs‡ki mvaviY fMœvsk †KvbwU? (mnR) 9 9
˙ ˙ 22 16 22 + 16 38
K
25

25
M
5
N
25  24 + 17 = + = = = 4222 = 42˙
198 990 990 99 9 9 9 9
165. 2q fMœvs‡ki jwNô iƒc †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 174. 38̇9̇ I 217̇8̇ Gi †hvMdj KZ? (KwVb)
K
34

43
M
43
N
83 K 67̇7̇  607̇7̇ M 617̇7̇ N 637̇7̇
90 150 900 150 e¨vL¨v : 389˙ 8˙ 89
166. 2q fMœvsk-1g fMœvsk Gi Ave„Z `kwgK iƒc †KvbwU? (KwVb) (+) 217˙ 8˙ 78
   
K 264 L 22614  02614 N 02614 607˙ 7˙ 67
175. 19345̇ †_‡K 1123̇49̇ we‡qvM Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (KwVb)
m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK I Am`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK K 7110̇62̇ L 711062 M 811062  8110̇62̇
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi msL¨v n‡e 1 I 3| Gi jmv¸ 3|

167. 632 Gi m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 19345˙ = 193455
˙ 5˙ 55
    ˙ ˙
112349 = 1123493 49
K 232 L 336  1245 N 9346
˙ 2˙ 06
81106 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
˙ ˙
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 811062
186. 43̇ I 57̇ `yBwU `kwgK fMœvsk msL¨vØqÑ
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. m`„k I g~j`
176. Ave„Ë `kwgKwewkó msL¨vi- ii. Gi ¸Ydj Ave„Ë `kwgK n‡ZI cv‡i bvI n‡Z cv‡i
i. †hvMdj Ave„Ë `kwgK nq iii. fvM cÖwµqvi †ÿ‡Î fvMdj me mgqB Ave„Ë n‡e
ii. we‡qvMdj Ave„Ë `kwgK nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
iii. †hvM ev we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡j Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡K m`„k  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
177. 4732̇ I 35̇7̇ `yBwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk−
05, 027̇, 019̇, 73̇2̇ PviwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk
i. Am`„k
ii. m`„k Ki‡j Ave„Ë A¼ msL¨v n‡e 3 187. 4_© msL¨vwU‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
iii. G‡ì †hvMdj 8307̇9̇
mwVK? (ga¨g)
625 725 25 25
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K  M6 N7
99 99 99 99
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii −
˙˙ 732 7 725
e¨vL¨v : 732 = = 99
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 99
188. 05̇ Gi 019̇ = KZ? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 178 − 180 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 023̇ L 13̇ M 2̇  01̇
0 3̇9̇, 383̇, 304̇5̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk| 189. 4_©wU‡K 2qwU Øviv fvM Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
178. m`„k Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K 262˙ 6˙  263̇6̇ M 273̇6̇ N 272̇6̇
 039̇3̇, 383̇3̇, 304̇5̇ L 039̇3̇, 3083̇33, 30̇45̇ 732 − 7 725 27 − 2 25 5
e¨vL¨v : 73˙ 2˙ = = ; 027˙ = = =
 99 99 90 90 18
M 039̇3̇, 3833, 304̇5̇ N 039̇33̇, 383̇33̇, 30̇45̇ 725 5 725 18 290
179. msL¨v wZbwUi †hvMdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)  73˙ 2˙  027˙ =  =  = = 263˙ 6˙
99 18 99 5 11
 427̇2̇ L 427̇ M 27̇2̇  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 190 Ñ 192 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
N 42272
180. 2q msL¨v n‡Z 3q msL¨vi we‡qvMdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) 092̇3̇, 42̇1̇, 21̇2̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v|
K 655  078̇7̇ M 65̇15̇ N 651̇5̇ 190. 3q msL¨v‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
Ave„Ë `kwg‡Ki ¸Y I fvM K
212
99
L
212
990

210
99
N
210
990
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 191. cÖ_g `yBwU msL¨vi ¸Ydj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
87108 87108 87108 43554
181. 03̇  06̇ = KZ? (ga¨g) K
98010
L
98020
M 3
98020 49005
 02̇ L 04̇ M 05̇ N 01̇ 192. 1g msL¨v‡K 3q msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj Kxiƒc n‡e? (KwVb)
˙ 3 1 ˙ 6 2
e¨vL¨v : 03 = 9 = 3, 0 6 = 9 = 3 K Amxg Abve„Ë L Amxg Ave„Ë
1 2 2
 03˙  0 6˙ =  = = 0222 = 02˙
 mmxg Abve„Ë N c~Y©msL¨v
3 3 9
182. 05  03̇ Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) wbw`©ó `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb Ges wbw`©ó `kwgK
K 015 L 015̇  016̇ N 017 ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb
e¨vL¨v : 05 = 10 = 2 , 03˙ = 9 = 3
5 1 3 1
1 1 1
 05  03˙ =  = = 01666 = 016˙
2 3 6 193. 54325893 `kwgKwUi Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb
183. 06̇  09̇ Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 03̇ L 04̇ M 05̇  06̇ K 54324 L 54325  54326 N 543258
6 2 9 e¨vL¨v : hZ `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb †ei Ki‡Z ejv n‡e, Gi
e¨vL¨v : 06˙ = 9 = 3; 09˙ = 9 = 1
cieZ©x ¯’vbwU‡Z 5, 6, 7, 8 ev 9 nq, Z‡e †kl ¯’vbwUi msL¨vi
2 2 2
06˙  09˙ =  1 =  1 = = 0666 = 06˙ mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
3 3 3
194. 13 Gi eM©g~‡ji wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb †KvbwU?(KwVb)
184. 03̇  075 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 3605 L 3655  3606 N 3656
 04̇ L 05̇ M 06̇ N 0 8̇ e¨vL¨v : 13 = 360551 
3 1 75 3
e¨vL¨v : 03˙ = 9 = 3, 075 = 100 = 4  wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 3606
1 3 1 4 4 195. 0 5˙ Gi `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
 03˙  075 =  =  = = 04˙
3 4 3 3 9
 074 L 075 M 076 N 077
185. 02̇  12̇  002̇-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) e¨vL¨v : 0 5˙ = 055555
 122̇ L 112̇ M 92 N 12̇  0.5555  = 07453 (K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i)
 `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb 074| ii.wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 4623
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb 462
iii.
196. 4623845 `kwgKwUi− K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb 46238
wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

197. †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je I ni‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vq cÖKvk Ki‡Z K 11101 L 1002 M 112  11001
cvi‡j, H fMœvskwU n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 215. 01 Ges 012̇ Gi gv‡S GKwU g~j` msL¨v KZ?
 g~j` msL¨v L Ag~j` msL¨v [cUzqvLvjx miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]
M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N `kwgK fMœvsk K 01  011 M 02 N 012
198. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v bq? 216. 0 3̇  0 3̇ Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 04̇ L 9 M 56̇39̇  11 K 09̇ L 009̇  01̇ N 001̇
199. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? 217. 09̇ Gi gvb †KvbwU?
−3 8 9 1 3
K L M 1
K 05 L M  72 10 9 5
5 2 218. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ gvb I wZb `kwgK
200. †KvbwU g~j` msL¨v? ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb GKB?
3 5 7 9 K 789765 L 629999  M 543856  453729 
K L M 
3 5 3 4 219. `kwgK fMœvsk KZ cÖKvi?
3 2 L3 M4 N5
201. 17 GKwU−
220. PviwU µwgK msL¨vi ¸Yd‡ji mv‡_ KZ †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj
K c~Y© msL¨v L g~j` msL¨v M cig msL¨v  Ag~j` msL¨v
c~Y©eM© n‡e?
202. 841 Gi eM©g~j Kx ai‡bi msL¨v? 1 L2 M3 N0
 ¯^vfvweK msL¨v L c~Y©msL¨v 221. i. 06̇  00̇9̇ = 73̇ ii. 00̇9̇  073̇ = 04
M AFYvZ¥K msL¨v N Ag~j` msL¨v 27
203. a = 01020 Ges b = 01101 n‡j a I b Gi gv‡S wb‡Pi †Kvb iii. GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
48
Ag~j` msL¨vwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 0101020020002 L 0101001000100001 i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
 0102010010001 N 01101202002
222. x, y, z ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges x  y n‡j−
204. 04̇ Gi g~j`xq fMœvsk KZ?
i. xz  yz hLb z0 ii. xz  yz hLb z0
4 4 9 5
K  M N iii. x(y + z) = xy+xz
7 9 4 8
205. n  N Gi Rb¨ †KvbwU we‡Rvo msL¨v?
Kn+2 L n+1  2n + 1 N 2n
206. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? 223. wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K L 7 M 3  me¸‡jv
i. 0 c~Y© msL¨v
207. 024 †K mvgvb¨ fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| ii. 12 Ag~j` msL¨v
7 6 7 7 iii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ev¯Íe msL¨v
K  M N wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
33 25 32 33
208. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 010 L 090 M 10  110 224. 5 Gi gvb 2360679  n‡j GwU−
209. GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mv‡_ msL¨vwU †hvM Ki‡j i. GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v ii. mmxg Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? iii. Amxg Abve„Ë `kwgK msL¨v
 x2 + x L x2 + 2x M x2 + 1 N x2 + 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
210. `yBwU µwgK we‡Rvo msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 72 n‡j eo msL¨v K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 170
K 12  19 M 20 N 21 225. 5 , 7, 3 I 7 msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨−
211. 02̇4̇ †K mvgvb¨ fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? i. 1gwU g~j` msL¨v ii. 2qwU Ag~j` msL¨v

8
L
4
M
8
N
4 iii. 3qwU ¯^vfvweK I g~ j ` msL¨v
212. `yBwU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 7 n‡j, msL¨vØq KZ? K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 2, 3  3, 4 M 4, 5 N 5, 6
213. 03̇  06̇ = KZ?
 02̇ L 04̇ M 05̇ N 06̇
214. 11 Ges 111 Gi gv‡Si msL¨v †KvbwU?
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 226 − 228 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : 289 = 17 Gi eM©g~j 17 Ag~j` KviY 17 c~Y©eM©msL¨v bq|
32̇2̇, 623̇09̇, 289 wZbwU msL¨v|  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 229 − 231 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
226. msL¨v wZbwUi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P = 03̇  083̇, q = 05  01̇ Ges r = 035̇  008̇
K msL¨v wZbwUi g‡a¨ Ag~j` msL¨v Av‡Q 2wU 229. p Gi gvb KZ?
L 1g `yBwU msL¨v m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v 5 3 18
 L M N 02
M †kl `yBwU msL¨v Amxg `kwgK msL¨v 18 83 5
3 83 − 8 3  75 5
 wZbwU msL¨vB g~j` msL¨v e¨vL¨v : 9  90 = =
9  90 18
e¨vL¨v : wZbwU msL¨v n‡jv 32˙ 2,
˙ 6230
˙ 9˙ I 289 ev 17 me¸‡jv msL¨vB g~j`| 230. p  q Gi gvb KZ?
227. 289 Gi Avmbœ gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? K4 L 44 5 N5
 17 L 19 M 18 N 27 231. p + q + r Gi gvb KZ?
228. 289 Gi eM©g~j wK ai‡bi msL¨v? 9 L4 M 18 N 13
K g~j` msL¨v  Ag~j` msL¨v
M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N c~Y© msL¨v
G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš ^Z e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
232. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : a
i. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki Wv‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K k~b¨ ewm‡q i. †h mKj msL¨v‡K b AvKv‡i (†hLv‡b a I b ¯^vfvweK
cÖ`Ë `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK `kwgK fMœvs‡ki m`„k Kiv hvq msL¨v) cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K Ag~j` msL¨v e‡j
627 ii. mKj fMœvskB g~j` msL¨v
ii. Gi `kwgK fMœvsk 627
100 iii. 64345674567... GKwU Ave„Ë `kwgK msL¨v
iii. 005 †K mvgvb¨ cÖKvk Ki‡j n‡e 21 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
233. wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. k~b¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ii. 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 238 − 240bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ev¯Íe msL¨v 25, 435̇, 123̇4̇ wZbwU `kwgK fMœvsk|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 238. 2q `kwgK fMœvsk‡K mvaviY fMœvsk iƒcvšÍi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 392 392 392 390
K  M N
234. i. Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k GKvwaK A¼ Ave„Ë n‡j Ave„Ë 99 90 999 90
me¸‡jv A‡¼i Dci †cŠbtcywbK we›`y †Ìqv nq 239. 3q `kwgK fMœvsk‡K mvaviY fMœvsk iƒcvšÍi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
ii. 53 GKwU weï× †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk 611 611 611 122
 L M N
iii. Ave„Ëvs‡ki msL¨v me mgq n‡i †h msL¨v _v‡K, Zvi †P‡q †QvU nq 495 990 999 990
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 240. fMœvsk wZbwUi ¸Ydj †KvbwU? (KwVb)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 13606 ...... L 124406 ......
235. i. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki `kwgK we›`yi ci Ave„Ëvsk Qvov Ab¨  134406 ...... N 134046 ......
†Kv‡bv A¼ bv _vK‡j Zv‡K weï× †cŠbtcywbK e‡j  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 241 I 242bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. 8235̇12̇ GKwU wgkª †cŠbtcywbK fMœvsk 1 MÖvg †mvbvi g~j¨ 40090̇09̇ UvKv Ges GKwU †mvbvi AvswUi IRb
iii. mKj Ave„Ë `kwgK Ag~j` msL¨v 16̇81̇  12 MÖvg|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 241. †mvbvi g~j¨‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡j KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 101 100 909 100
K 400  400 M 400 N 400
236. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 111 111 1000 101
i. 0 †_‡K ¯^vfvweK msL¨v ïiæ ii. 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
242. GKwU AvswUi g~j¨ KZ UvKv n‡e? (ga¨g)
 809091 L 8000 M 780000 N 610
iii. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v c~Y© msL¨v
A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

3 9 4 9 4
œ 1 
cÖk- 4
, 5, − 7, 0323̇, 0, 1, , 12, 2 , 11234 ,
7 5
3 K. 7 I 5 msL¨v‡K `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
mK‡jB ev¯Íe msL¨v| L. msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ev¯Íe msL¨vi †kªwYweb¨v‡m Ae¯’vb †`LvI| 4
M. †`LvI †h, 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 K 2012̇4̇3̇ G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 3|
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  7525̇6̇ G Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2|
9 4 GLv‡b cÖ`Ë msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v
K 7
= 7) 9 (1285
5
) 40 (8 me‡P‡q †ewk n‡jv 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 3 I 2 Gi
7 40 jmv¸ n‡jv 6|
20 0 myZivs, cÖ‡Z¨KwU `kwg‡Ki Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2
14 4
60  = 08
5
Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 6|
56 2012˙ 4˙ 3˙ = 20124324
˙ 3˙
40 7525˙ 6˙ = 75256565
˙ 6˙
35 wb‡Y©q Ave„Ë `kwgKmg~n = 20124324 ˙ ˙ 75256565
3, ˙ 6˙
5
9 L cÖ_g †Rvov 2012˙ 4˙ 3˙ I 7525˙ 6˙
 = 1285 GLv‡b, 2012˙ 4˙ 3˙ = 20124324
˙ 3˙ 24
7
L wb‡P cÖ`Ë msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ev¯Íe msL¨vi †kªwYweb¨v‡m Ae¯’vb 7525˙ 6˙ = 75256565
˙ 6˙ 56
†`Lv‡bv n‡jv : 953808899˙ 80
˙
ev¯Íe msL¨v  1g †Rvovi †hvMdj : 953808899˙ (Ans)
˙
wØZxq †Rvov 209˙ 7˙ I 51276
˙ 8˙
g~j`
cÖ`Ë msL¨v¸‡jv‡Z Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges
Ag~j`
c~Y© (12) fMœvsk 3
Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 6|
wb‡gœ `kwgK msL¨v¸‡jv‡K m`„k K‡i †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
abvZ¥K k~b¨ (0) FYvZ¥K (−7) mvaviY `kwgK Amxg Abve„Ë 209˙ 7˙ = 20979797
˙ 9˙ 79
(1·1234....) ˙ 8˙ = 51276876
51276 ˙ 8˙ 76
†gŠwjK (5) GK (1) †hŠwMK (12) 9 4 ˙ ˙
cÖK…Z 4 AcÖK…Z 7
3 wgkª (25) mmxg Amxg Ave„Ë = 722566748 55
 (0·323̇)  2q †Rvovi ˙
†hvMdj = 72256674 8˙ (Ans)
M Avgiv Rvwb, 1  3  4 M LÕ Ask †_‡K cÖvß,
 1 3 4 ˙
cÖ_g †Rvovi †hvMdj 953808899˙ 80
ev, 1 3  2 wØZxq †Rvovi †hvMdj 722566748˙
˙ 56
myZivs 3 Gi gvb 1 A‡cÿv eo Ges 2 A‡cÿv †QvU| ˙
= 231242151˙ 24
AZGe 3 c~Y©msL¨v bq| ˙
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 23124215 1˙
 3 g~j` msL¨v A_ev Ag~j` msL¨v| hw` 3 g~j` msL¨v cÖk-
œ 3  23039˙ 4˙ I 91264 ˙ 5;
˙ 113˙ I 26˙ `yB †Rvov `kwgK
p
nq Z‡e awi, 3 = q, †hLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v I fMœvsk|
ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1| K. 1g †Rvov fMœvs‡ki we‡qvMdj KZ? 2
p 2 L. 2q †Rvov fMœ vs‡ki ¸Ydj KZ? 4
ev, 3 = q2; [eM© K‡i] M. cÖvß we‡qvMdj‡K cÖvß ¸Ydj Øviv fvM K‡i
p2 fvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 3q = q ; [Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
p2
¯úóZ: 3q c~Y© msL¨v wKš‘ c~Y©msL¨v bq, [KviY p I q K cÖ`Ë msL¨vØ‡q Abve„Ë As‡ki m‡e©v”P A¼ msL¨v 2 Ges
q
¯^vfvweK msL¨v I Giv ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK Ges q  1] Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v 2 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 6|
p2
 3q Ges mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 3q 
p2 wb‡Pi `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv|
q q 23039˙ 4˙ = 230394949
˙ 4˙ 94
p ˙ 5˙ = 91264564
˙
 3 Gi gvb q AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 91264 5˙ 64
p = 1391303849˙ 30
˙
3  | myZivs 3 g~j` msL¨v bq| ˙ ˙
wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj 1391303849
q
113 − 11 102 17
 3 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) L 113˙ = 90 = 90 = 15
œ 2 
cÖk- 2012˙ 4˙ 3,
˙ 7525˙ 6;
˙ 209˙ 7,
˙ 51276
˙ 8˙ `yB‡Rvov Ave„Ë `kwgK 26 13
26 = =
10 5
fMœvsk| 17 13 221
K. cÖ_g †Rvov fMœvsk‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwg‡K cÖKvk  113̇  26 =  =
15 5 75
Ki| 2 = 294666[K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i]
L. cÖ`Ë †Rvov fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i †hvM Ki| 4 = 2946˙
M. cÖ_g †Rvovi cÖvß †hvMdj †_‡K wØZxq †Rvovi wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 2946˙
cÖvß †hvMdj we‡qvM Ki| 4 M 1g †Rvovi we‡qvMdj = 13913̇03849̇
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  2q †Rvovi ¸Ydj = 2946̇
GLv‡b, 13913̇03849̇ =
1391303849 − 1391  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
99999900
2946 − 294 2652 K cÖ`Ë msL¨v 29
Ges 2946̇ = 900 = 900 †h‡nZz 29 Gi 1 Ges 29 Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¸YbxqK †bB|
1391302458 2652 1391302458 900 myZivs, 29 msL¨vwU †gŠwjK msL¨v|
  = 
99999900 900 99999900 2652 L
= 472162 [K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i] 5 29 53851
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 472162. 25
œ 4  29 GKwU msL¨v|
cÖk- 103 400
309
K. msL¨vwU †gŠwjK bv †hŠwMK msL¨v? 2 1068 9100
L. msL¨vwUi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb 8544
10765 55600
ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb †jL| 4 53825
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, DÏxc‡Ki msL¨vwUi eM©g~j GKwU 107701 177500
Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 107701

69799
wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 53851 
wb‡Y©q `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb 539|
M cÖ`Ë msL¨v 29
29 Gi eM©g~j 29
Avgiv Rvwb, 25  29  36
ev, 25  29  36
ev, 5  29  6
 29; 5 †_‡K eo wKš‘ 6 †_‡K †QvU|
AZGe, 29 c~Y©msL¨v bq|
 29 g~j` msL¨v A_ev Ag~j` msL¨v|
p
hw` 29 g~j` msL¨v nq Z‡e, awi 29 = q; †hLv‡b p I q
DfqB ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  1 Ges p, q mn‡gŠwjK (p I q Gi
g‡a¨ 1 wfbœ †Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K †bB)|
p2
d‡j, 29 = q2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
p2
ev 29q = q [Dfqcÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
GLv‡b, 29q ¯úóZ c~Y©msL¨v| Acic‡ÿ p2 Ges q Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY
Drcv`K †bB| †h‡nZz p Ges q Gi †Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K †bB|
p2
myZivs q c~Y©msL¨v bq|
p2
myZivs q , 5q Gi mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv|
p
AZGe, 29 Gi gvb q Gi AvKv‡ii †Kv‡bv msL¨vB n‡Z cv‡i bv|
myZivs 29 Ag~j` msL¨v| (cÖgvwYZ)
AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 5  1, 2, 3, 4,    BZ¨vw` n‡jv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v|
cÖk- GLb 2x, 2x + 2 `yBwU µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v
Zvn‡j, 2x(2x + 2) = 22x(x+1) = 4x(x + 1)
K. µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v¸‡jv †jL| 2
†h‡nZz x GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v| Zvn‡j x I (x + 1) `yBwU
L. †`LvI †h, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 Øviv wefvR¨| 4
µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, †hLv‡b GKwU Aek¨B †Rvo msL¨v
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PviwU µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi ¸Yd‡ji n‡e| d‡j x(x + 1) GKwU †Rvo msL¨v n‡e|
mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj GKwU c~Y©eM© msL¨v n‡e| 4 g‡b Kwi, x(x + 1) = 2m †hLv‡b, m ¯^vfvweK msL¨v|
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  4x(x + 1) = 4  2m ev 8m hv 8 Øviv wefvR¨
K µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv : 2, 4, 6, 8 BZ¨vw`| AZGe, `yBwU µwgK †Rvo msL¨vi ¸Ydj 8 Øviv wefvR¨|
L g‡b Kwi, †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v x (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 µwgK †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v n‡e 2x
M D`vniY 2 bs Gi mgvavb †`L|
œ 6  12 1̇85̇, 42 1̇8̇ I 028̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë fMœvsk|
cÖk- 062̇ =
62 − 6 56
=
90 90
K. 121̇85̇ †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 3 1
0 3̇ = =
L. 121̇85̇ †K 421̇8̇ w`‡q fvM Ki| 4 9 3
M. msL¨v wZbwUi ¸Ydj wbY©q Ki| 4 1184 24 1184 99 1628
 11̇85̇  02̇4̇ =  =  = = 48
999 99 999 24 333
Ges 56 1 56
 =
90 3 270
= 0207̇40̇
329
12185 − 12 12173 329 5 48̇ I 0207̇40̇ †hvM Kivi Rb¨ msL¨v `yBwU‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK
K 121̇85̇ = = = = 12
999 999 27 27 fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v
27
5 n‡e 2 I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 I 3 Gi jmv¸ 3|
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 12 27| Zvn‡j 4888̇88̇ 88
329 74
L GLv‡b 121̇85̇ = 27 0207̇40̇
5096̇29̇ 62
464
4218 − 42 4176 464 wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 596̇29̇
Ges 421̇8̇ = 99 = =
99 11 M GLv‡b ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß †hvMdj,
11
329 464 329 11 (11̇85̇  02̇4̇) + (062̇  03̇) = 5096̇29̇
 121̇85̇  421̇8̇ =  = 
27 11 27 464 Avevi, 045̇ + 0134̇ Gi gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨
fMœvsk `yBwU m`„k
=
3619
= 2888729 = 0289 Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kwi, †hLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki
12528 A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Zvn‡j,
wb‡Y©q fvMdj 0289
0455̇ 55
M 121̇85̇  42 1̇8̇  028̇ 0134̇ 44
cÖ`Ë Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Kwi| 0589̇ 99
329
121̇85̇ =
27
[ÔKÕ bs eënvi K‡i] GLb MvwYwZK evK¨wUi mijK…Z gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨ 5096̇29̇
464 †_‡K 0589̇ we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ fMœvsk
421̇8̇ =
11
[ÔLÕ bs eënvi K‡i] `yBwU‡K m`„k Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
13 G‡ÿ‡Î Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
28 − 2 26 13
Ges 028 = 90 = =
90 45
A¼ msL¨v n‡e 3| Zvn‡j,
45 5096̇29̇ 62
 0589̇99̇ 99
 121̇85  421̇8̇  028̇
329 464 13 1984528 4506̇29̇ 63
=   = = 148486
27 11 45 13365  MvwYwZK evK¨wUi mijK…Z gvb = 4506̇29̇
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 148486 450629 − 450 450179
œ 7  (11̇85̇  02̇4̇) + (062̇  03̇) − (045̇ + 0134̇)
cÖk- =
99900
=
99900
450179
K. Dc‡ii MvwYwZK ev‡Kï cÖ_g c‡ì fMœvsk‡K m`„k wb‡Y©q mvaviY fMœvsk 99900
Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. MvwYwZK evK¨wUi fvM I ¸Y As‡k cÖvß
œ 8  104̇, 513̇02̇ I 804̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk|
cÖk-
fMœvsk¸‡jvi †hvMdj KZ? 4 K. cÖ_g `yBwU msL¨vi m`„k Ave„Ë fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Ki| 2
M. MvwYwZK evK¨wUi mijK…Z gvb‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k L. msL¨v wZbwUi †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖKvk Ki| 4 M. 51 3̇02̇ Gi Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch© šÍ eM© g~ j wbY© q Ki
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Ges wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~‡ji Avmbœ gvb wbY©q
Ki| 4
K cÖ_g c‡ì fMœvsk n‡jv, 11̇85̇ I 02̇4̇| fMœvsk `yBwU‡Z  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 0, 0 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
K 104̇ = 104̇44̇
A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 3 I 2 Gi jmv¸ 6| AZGe m`„k Ave„Ë
513̇02̇ = 513̇02̇
`kwgK fMœvsk¸‡jvi Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 0 I
L GLv‡b Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1 Ges Ave„Ë As‡ki
Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 6| myZivs,
A¼ n‡e 1| 3 I 1 Gi jmv¸ 3
1 1̇85̇ = 11̇85185̇
cÖ_‡g wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK‡K m`„k Kiv n‡q‡Q,
0 2̇4̇ = 02̇42424̇
wb‡Y©q m`„k Ave„Ë fMœvsk 11̇85185̇ I 02̇42424̇| 104̇44̇ 44
1185 − 1 1184 513̇02̇ 30
L 11̇85̇ = 999
=
999 804̇44̇ 44
24
02̇4̇ = 1421̇91̇ 18
99
wb‡Y©q †hvMdj 1421̇91̇ 14 9
1
70 135 70 99 14
M 513̇02̇-Gi eM©g~j 5.13̇02̇ =  =  =
11 99 11 13515 3
1 3
513̇02̇ = 513023023 10
GLv‡b, 2 513023023 22650 Avevi ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß gvb = 3
4 8
14 10 14 + 10 24
42 113  + = = =8
84 3 3 3 3
1
446 2902
2676
8 Gi eM©g~j = 8
4525 22630 GLb 2 80000 282
22625 4
5 400
48
AZGe, 513̇02̇ Gi Pvi `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~j = 22650 384
1600
Ges wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb = 2265 562
1124
œ 9  28 Gi 22̇7̇, 13̇6̇, 44̇ − 283̇, 13̇ + 2629̇ I 82
cÖk- 47600
K‡qKwU fMœvsk| wb‡Y© q eM© g~ j 282 (`y B `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
K. 28 Gi 22̇7̇ †K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 cÖk-
œ 10  132,012432 3, 7, 172̇3̇, 9, 8 K‡qKwU
L. 44̇ − 283̇ †K 13̇ + 2629̇ Øviv fvM K‡i cÖvß ev¯Íe msL¨v hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, g~j` msL¨v I Ag~j`
fvMd‡ji mv‡_ 82 ¸Y Ki| 4 msL¨v|
M. (K) Gi cÖvß gvb‡K 13̇6̇ Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj (L) Gi K. Ag~j` msL¨v Kv‡K e‡j D`vniYmn †jL| 2
cÖvß gv‡bi mv‡_ †hvM Ki Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb L. 3q I 4_© msL¨v `y w Ui g‡a¨ `y w U g~ j ` I `y w U Ag~
j `
ch©šÍ eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| 4 msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †kl msL¨v `ywU g~j` bv Ag~j` hyw³ Øviv cÖgvY Ki| 4
227 − 2 225
K 22̇7̇ =
99
=
99 p
225 K †h msLv‡K q AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, †hLv‡b p, q c~Y©msL¨v
 28 Gi 22̇7̇ = 28 Gi
99 Ges q ≠ 0 msL¨v‡K Ag~j` msL¨v e‡j| c~Y©eM© bq Giƒc
14 45
28 225 †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| †hgb :
= Gi 99
10
5 2 = 1414213 Ges 3 = 1732
1
14  45 630 210 70
L 3q msL¨vwU 7 = 2645751
=
99
=
99
= =
33 11 4_© msL¨vwU 172̇3̇ = 17232323
70 awi, g~j` msL¨v `ywU h_vµ‡g a I b
wb‡Y©q fMœvskwU 11  a = 1888888
Ges b = 21111111
L 44̇ − 283̇ Avevi, Ag~j` msL¨v `ywU h_vµ‡g c I d
44 − 4 283 − 28 40 255 400 − 255 145  c = 17230020002
= − = − = =
9 90 9 90 900 90 Ges d = 173030030003 (Ans)
Avevi, 13̇ + 2629̇ M †kl msL¨v `ywU 9 Ges 8
13 −1 2629 − 262 Gi g‡a¨ 9 = 3 hv GKwU c~Y©msL¨v Ges GKwU g~j` msL¨v|
= +
9 900
Ab¨w`‡K 8 Ag~j` msL¨v wKbv wb‡P cÖgvY Kiv n‡jv-
12 2367 1200 + 2367 3567
=
9
+
900
=
900
=
900 Avgiv Rvwb, 4  8  9
ev, 4  8  9
 (44̇ − 283̇)  (13̇ + 2629̇)
10 2 83
145 3567 145 900 1450
=
90

900
= 
90 3567 3567
= myZivs 8 Gi gvb 2 A‡cÿv eo Ges 3 A‡cÿv †QvU| AZGe,
10290 1 8 hw` g~j` msL¨v nq Z‡e,
41
1450 1450 82 10 p
GLb 3567
 82 =
356787

10
=
3
= 33 (Ans.) awi, 8 = q [GLv‡b p I q ¯^vfvweK Ges mn‡gŠwjK msL¨v Ges q  1]
3 5 p2
1 ev, 8 = q2
70
M ÔKÕ Gi cÖvßgvb = 11 p2
ev, 8q = q [Dfq cÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
70 70 136 − 1
  13̇6̇ =  p2
11 11 99 ¯úóZ 8q c~Y©msL¨v wKš‘ q c~Y© msL¨v bq, KviY p I q
ci¯úi mn‡gŠwjK|
œ 12  03̇, 06̇, 02̇5̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk|
cÖk-
2 2
p p
 8q Ges q mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr 8q ≠ q
 8 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| (cÖgvwYZ)
K. 1g `ywU fMœvsk‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. fMœvsk wZbwUi ¸Ydj wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 11  0006̇, 09̇2̇ Ges 01̇34 wZbwU Ave„Ë fMœvsk|
cÖk-
M. 3q fMœvskwUi eM©g~j wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ
K. cÖ_g fMœvsk `ywU‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cwiYZ Ki| 2
L. fMœvsk wZbwUi †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4 gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. cÖ_g fMœvsk `ywUi ¸Ydj‡K Z…Zxq fMœvsk Øviv fvM  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ wbY©q Ki| 4 K 1g `ywU fMœvsk‡K h_vµ‡g mvaviY fMœvsk‡K cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv-
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  3 1 6 2
03̇ = = Ges 06̇ = =
9 3 9 3
K cÖ_g fMœvsk `ywU h_vµ‡g 0006̇ Ges 09̇2̇|
6 1 L ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB,
0006̇ fMœvsk iƒc = 900 = 150 1
0 3̇ =
92 3
09̇2̇ Gi fMœvsk iƒc = 99 2
0 6̇ =
L fMœvsk wZbwU‡K m`„k Ki‡Z n‡j Abve„Ë As‡k A¼ msL¨v 3
n‡e 2 Ges Ave„Ë As‡k A¼ msL¨v n‡e 1, 2 Ges 3 Gi 25
GLb, 02̇5̇ = 99
jmv¸ 6| GLb Ave„Ë `kwgK¸‡jv‡K m`„k `kwg‡K 1 2 25 50 50
cwieZ©b K‡i †hvM Kiv n‡jv-  0 3̇  06̇  0 2̇5̇ =   = =
3 3 99 9  99 891
0006̇ = 0006̇66666̇ 50
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj 891
09̇2̇ = 0929̇29292̇
001̇34̇ = 0013̇41341̇ M Z…Zxq msL¨v n‡jv = 02̇5̇
094937300 25
fMœvsk wZbwUi †hvMdj = 0949̇37300̇ 02̇5̇ Gi fMœvsk n‡e = 99
1 92 46 46 25 25 5 5
M cÖ_g `ywU fMœvsk ¸Y Ki‡j nq = 150  99 = 7425 99
Gi eM©g~j n‡e = 99 = = = 05025 = 0503
75 99 3 11
¸Ydj‡K Z…Zxq fMœvsk Øviv fvM K‡i cvB, 
25
Gi eM©g~j 0503 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
46 46 99
7425 7425 46 4995 1702
= = =  =
0.01̇34̇ 134 7425 67 3685
9990
eM©g~j wbY©q : Abykxjbx-1 Gi 11(K) Gi Abyiƒc|
wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 13 
cÖk- Ges 14 `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
2 A_©vr 14  140010001  2
K. g~j` msL¨v Kx? 2 Ges 14  40020002  2
L. cÖ`Ë msL¨vØ‡qi gv‡S `yBwU g~j` Ges `yBwU Ag~j` Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4 A_©vr a I b DfqB g~j` msL¨v|
M. †`LvI †h, cÖ_g msL¨vwU GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4  a I b DfqB g~j` msL¨v hv 14 I 2 Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Avevi, g‡b Kwi,
p c = 14003000300003 
K p I q c~Y©msL¨v Ges q  o n‡j, q AvKv‡ii msL¨v‡K g~j` Ges d = 14004000400004
3 11
msL¨v ejv nq| †hgb : 1 = 3, 2 = 55 BZ¨vw` g~j` msL¨v| ¯úóZ : c I d DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 14
g~j` msL¨v‡K `yBwU c~Y©msL¨vi AbycvZ wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
A_©vr 14  14003000300003  2
myZivs mKj c~Y©msL¨v Ges mKj fMœvsk msL¨v n‡e g~j` msL¨v|
L cÖ`Ë cÖ_g msL¨v 2 = 14142  Ges 14  14004000400004  2
Ges wØZxq msL¨v 14 Avevi, c I d †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv|
g‡b Kwi, A_©vr, c I d DfqB Ag~j` msL¨v|
a = 140010001  c I d DfqB Ag~j` msL¨v hv 14 I 2 Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
Ges b = 140020002 M D`vniY 1 Gi cÖwZÁv ( 2 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v) Ask †`L|
¯úóZ : a I b DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 14 cÖk-
œ 14  62309, 3 Ges 4 wZbwU msL¨v|
K. cÖ_g fMœvskwU‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| fMœvskwU 2q fMœvskwUi m`„k
L. 2q I 3q msL¨v `yBwUi g‡a¨ `yBwU Ag~j` msL¨v wKbv KviYmn †jL| 4
wbY©q Ki| 4 M. ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß †hvMdj †_‡K 62̇45̇ we‡qvM K‡i
M. cÖ`Ë msL¨v wZbwUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v? we‡qvMdj mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 4
hyw³ mnKv‡i cÖgvY Ki| 4
57 − 5 52
K cÖ`Ë cÖ_g fMœvsk = 62309 K 57̇ = 9
=
9
62309 834 − 8 826
=
10000 83̇4̇ =
99
= 99
2309 6245 − 6 6239
=6 62̇45̇ = =
10000 999 999
2309
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk 6
10000 L ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß fMœvsk n‡jv 9 I 99
52 826
L cÖ`Ë 2q msL¨v 3 =17320508Ges 3q msL¨v 4 52 826 572 + 826 1398

 + = =
g‡b Kwi, a = 2030033000333 9 99 99 99
b = 2505500555  99) 1398 (141212
¯úóZ : a I b DfqB `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges DfqB 3 99
408
A‡cÿv eo Ges 4 A‡cÿv †QvU| 396
A_©vr 3  2030033000333  4 120
Ges 3  2505500555  4 99
Avevi, a I b †K fMœvsk AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv| 210
 a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v| 198
[we: `ª: Giƒc AmsL¨ Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Kiv hvq|] 120
M cÖ`Ë msL¨v wZbwU n‡”Q h_vµ‡g 62309, 3 Ges 4 msL¨v 99
210
wZbwUi g‡a¨ 3 Ag~j` msL¨v|
198
Avgiv Rvwb,
12
134
1398 
ev, 1  3  4  99 = 141212  = 1412
ev, 1  3  2
Avevi 2q fMœvskwU 8 3̇4̇
myZivs 3, 1 †_‡K eo wKš‘ 2 †_‡K †QvU|
141̇2̇ Ges 8 3̇4̇ fMœvsk `yBwU m`„k Ave„Ë fMœvsk| KviY `yBwU
AZGe, 3 c~Y©msL¨v bq|
fMœvs‡kB Abve„Ë I Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v mgvb|
 3 g~j` msL¨v A_ev Ag~j` msL¨v| M ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß fMœvsk 14 1̇2̇
p
hw` 3 g~j` msL¨v nq, Z‡e aiv hvq, 3 = q, †hLv‡b p I GLb, 141̇2̇ †_‡K 62̇45̇ we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
q DfqB ¯^vfvweK msL¨v, q  1 mn‡gŠwjK (p I q Gi g‡a¨ msL¨v `yBwU‡Z Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v k~b¨| Avevi Ave„Ë
1 wfbœ †Kv‡bv mvaviY Drcv`K †bB)| As‡ki A¼ msL¨v h_vµ‡g 2 I 3 Ges Zv‡ì jmv¸ n‡jv 6|
p2 AZGe msL¨v `yBwUi Abve„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e k~b¨ I
d‡j, 3 = q2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
Ave„Ë As‡ki A¼ msL¨v n‡e 6| GLb `kwgK msL¨v `yBwU‡K
p2 m`„k K‡i we‡qvM Kiv n‡jv|
ev, 3q = [Dfqcÿ‡K q Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
q
14 1̇2̇ = 14 1̇21212̇ 12
3q ¯úóZ c~Y© msL¨v| Acic‡ÿ, p2 Ges q Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv
6 2̇45̇ = 62̇45245̇ 24
mvaviY Drcv`K †bB| †h‡nZz p Ges q Gi †Kv‡bv mvaviY
p2 (we‡qvM K‡i) 7 8̇75966̇ 88
Drcv`K †bB, myZivs q c~Y© msL¨v bq| wb‡Y©q we‡qvMdj = 7 8̇75966̇
p2 7875966 − 7
myZivs q , 3q Gi mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv| = 999999
p 7875959
 3 Gi gvb q AvKv‡i †Kv‡bv msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i bv| = 999999
myZivs 3 Ag~j` msL¨v| (cÖgvwYZ) wb‡Y©q mvaviY
7875959
fMœvsk = 999999
œ 15  5 7̇, 83̇4̇, 62̇45̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk|
cÖk- œ 16  2 Ges
cÖk- 2 `ywU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
K. fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K mvaviY fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 K. msL¨v `ywUi gaëZ©x GKwU K‡i g~j` I Ag~j`
L. ÔKÕ †Z cÖvß cÖ_g `yBwU fMœvsk †hvM K‡i `kwgK msL¨v †jL| 2
L. msL¨v `ywUi g‡a¨ †KvbwU Ag~j` Ges †Kb Zvi L msL¨v `ywUi g‡a¨ 2 Ag~j` msL¨v|
cÖgvY `vI| 4 D`vniY- 1 Gi cÖwZÁv ( 2 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v) Ask †`L|
M. g~j` msL¨vwUi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb M g~j` msL¨vwU 2
ch©šÍ) Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb Abykxjbx-1 Gi 11(K) Gi Abyiƒc|
†jL| 4
 wb‡Y©q eM©g~j 1414 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
 `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Avmbœ gvb = 141 (cÖvq)
K g~j` msL¨vwU n‡jv = 155555
Ges Ag~j` msL¨vwU n‡jv = 1606006000
m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

1 8 M †`LvI †h, †h‡Kv‡bv we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©‡K 8 Øviv
7
œ 17  1, 0, 33, 13, 56̇39̇, 256, 9, 3, −5, 2 `kwU
cÖk-
fvM Ki‡j cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 1 Aewkó _v‡K| 4
ev¯Íe msL¨v| DËi : K 3, 3010010001
K Dc‡ii msL¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki| 2 œ 20  1, 2, 3, Amxg ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv‡K MYbvKvix
cÖk-
L 13 Gi gvb 6 `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ wbY©q K‡i †Zvgvi ÔKÕ msL¨v ejv nq, hv Øviv m~wPZ ev cÖKvk Kiv nq|
Gi †kªwYweb¨v‡mi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 K we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Kv‡K e‡j? 2
M 3, 13, BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv‡K mvaviYfv‡e †jLv hvq x,
L †`LvI †h, †Kv‡bv we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM© 4 Øviv
†hLv‡b x GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨v hv c~Y©eM© bq| †`LvI †h, x
wbt‡k‡l wefvR¨ bq| 4
Ag~j` msL¨v| 4
1 8 M cÖgvY Ki †h, we‡Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM©I GKwU we‡Rvo
DËi : K g~j` msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv : 1, 0, 33, 56̇39̇, 256, 9, msL¨v| 4
7
−5 Ges Ag~j` msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv 13, 3,
2
L 13 = œ 21  19 I 513̇02̇ `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
cÖk-
3605551  K cÖ`Ë msL¨v `yBwUi gv‡S GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 18  = 1, 2, 3, 4, ¯^vfvweK msL¨v| 517̇, 83̇4̇ I
cÖk- L wØZxq msL¨vwUi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ)
6032̇45̇ wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvsk| Ges `yB `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~‡ji Avmbœ gvb †ei Ki| 4
K 6032̇45̇ †K fMœvs‡k cÖKvk Ki| 2 M msL¨v `yBwUi †KvbwU Ag~j` msL¨v †Zvgvi DË‡ii c‡ÿ hyw³
L Dc‡ii wZbwU Ave„Ë `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †hvMdj †ei Ki| 4 `vI| 4
M cÖgvY Ki †h, c~Y©eM© bq Ggb †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi DËi : K 501001000100001; L 2265,227
eM©g~j GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4
1621 œ 22  8 I 134 `yBwU ev¯Íe msL¨v|
cÖk-
DËi : K 6 49950 L 19553̇66457̇
K †KvbwU g~j` I †KvbwU Ag~j` wb‡`©k Ki| 2
œ 19  3, 5 I 4 meB ev¯Íe msL¨v| Avevi mKj we‡Rvo L 134 Gi wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ eM©g~j wbY©q Ki|
cÖk- 4
msL¨vI ev¯Íe msL¨v|
M cÖgvY Ki †h, 8 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4
K 3 I 4 Gi gv‡S GKwU g~j` I GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 2
L cÖgvY Ki †h, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v| 4 DËi : K 8 Ag~j`, 134 g~j` L 1157
wØZxq Aa¨vq
†mU I dvskb Rvg©vb MwYZwe` RR© K¨v›Ui‡K (1845-1918) AvaywbK †mU
Z‡Ë¡i RbK ejv nq †mU I †fbwP‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ i‡qj
Sets And Functions †mvmvBwU †_‡K wZwb sylverstar medal jvf K‡ib| 1874 mv‡j
wZwb Zvi set theory cÖKvk K‡i|
A b yk xj b x 2 .1
 †mU : ev¯Íe ev wPšÍv RM‡Zi my-msÁvwqZ e¯‘i mgv‡ek ev msMÖn‡K †mU e‡j| †mU‡K mvaviYZ Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi eo nv‡Zi Aÿi
A,B,C,  X,Y,Z Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 †m‡Ui cÖ‡Z¨K e¯‘ ev m`m¨‡K †m‡Ui Dcv`vb (element) ejv nq| †hgb : B = {a,b} n‡j, B †m‡Ui Dcv`vb a Ges b.
 †mU cÖKv‡ki c×wZ : †mU‡K cÖavbZ `yB c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Kiv nq| h_v : (1) ZvwjKv c×wZ Ges (2) †mU MVb c×wZ
(1) ZvwjKv c×wZ : G c×wZ‡Z †m‡Ui mKj Dcv`vb mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL K‡i wØZxq eÜbx { } Gi g‡a¨ Ave× Kiv nq Ges GKvwaK
Dcv`vb _vK‡j ÔKgvÕ eënvi K‡i Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Kiv nq| †hgb : A = {a,b}, B = {2,4,6}, C = { wbjq, wZkv, ïåv } BZ¨vw`|
(2) †mU MVb c×wZ : G c×wZ‡Z †m‡Ui mKj Dcv`vb mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL bv K‡i Dcv`vb wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ mvaviY a‡g©i D‡jøL
_v‡K| †hgb : A = {x : x ¯^vfvweK we‡Rvo msL¨v}, B = {x : x beg †kªwYi cÖ_g cuvPRb wkÿv_©x } BZ¨vw`|
 wewfbœ cÖKvi †mU :
 mmxg †mU : †h †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v MYbv K‡i wba©viY Kiv hvq, Zv‡K mmxg †mU e‡j|
 Amxg †mU : †h †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v MYbv K‡i wba©viY Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K Amxg †mU e‡j|
 duvKv †mU : †h †m‡Ui †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb †bB Zv‡K duvKv †mU e‡j| duvKv †mU‡K  Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 †fbwPÎ : Rb †fb (1834-1883) wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †mU cÖKvk Kivi ixwZ cÖeZ©b K‡ib| G‡Z we‡ePbvaxb †mU¸‡jv‡K mgZ‡j
Aew¯’Z wewfbœ AvKv‡ii R¨vwgwZK wPÎ †hgb AvqZvKvi †ÿÎ, e„ËvKvi †ÿÎ Ges wÎfzRvKvi †ÿÎ eënvi Kiv nq| Rb †f‡bi
bvgvbymv‡i wPÎ¸‡jv †fb wPÎ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Dc‡mU : †Kv‡bv †mU †_‡K hZ¸‡jv †mU MVb Kiv hvq, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU †mU‡K H †m‡Ui Dc‡mU ejv nq|
 cÖKZ
… Dc‡mU : B hw` A Gi Dc‡mU nq Ges A Gi AšÍZ GKwU Dcv`vb B †m‡U bv _v‡K Zvn‡j B †K A Gi cÖK…Z Dc‡mU ejv nq
Ges B  A †jLv nq| †hgb : A = {3,4,5,6} Ges B = {3,5} `yBwU †mU|
 †m‡Ui mgZv : `yBwU †m‡Ui Dcv`vb GKB n‡j, †mU `yBwU‡K mgvb ejv nq| †hgb : A = {3,5,7} Ges B = {5,3,7) `yBwU mgvb †mU
Ges A = B wPý Øviv †jLv nq|
 †m‡Ui AšÍi : †Kv‡bv †mU †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU †mU ev` w`‡j †h †mU MwVZ nq Zv‡K ev` †mU ev †m‡Ui AšÍi e‡j|
 mvwe©K †mU : ev¯Íe Av‡jvPbvq mswkøó mKj †mU GKwU wbw`©ó †m‡Ui Dc‡mU| †hgb : A = {x,y} †mUwU B = {x,y,z} Gi GKwU
Dc‡mU| GLv‡b, B †mU‡K A †m‡Ui mv‡c‡ÿ mvwe©K †mU e‡j|
 c~iK †mU : U mvwe©K †mU Ges A †mUwU U Gi Dc‡mU| A †m‡Ui ewnf‚©Z mKj Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K A U
†m‡Ui c~iK †mU e‡j| A Gi c~iK †mU‡K A ev A Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| MvwYwZKfv‡e A = U \ A
c c cA
A
 ms‡hvM †mU : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui mKj Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K ms‡hvM †mU ejv nq|
 †Q` †mU : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui mvaviY Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K †Q` †mU e‡j| g‡b Kwi, A I B A
`yBwU †mU| A I B Gi †Q` †mU‡K A  B Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq Ges cov nq A †Q` B ev A intersection
B U
B| †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z A  B = {x : x  A Ges x  B}
ABC
 wb‡ñ` †mU : `yBwU †m‡Ui g‡a¨ hw` †Kv‡bv mvaviY Dcv`vb bv _v‡K Z‡e †mU `yBwU ci¯úi wb‡ñ` †mU|
 kw³ †mU : A †m‡Ui kw³ †mU‡K P(A) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 µg‡Rvo : GK‡Rvov Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbwU cÖ_g Ae¯’v‡b Avi †KvbwU wØZxq Ae¯’v‡b _vK‡e, Zv wbw`©ó K‡i †Rvov AvKv‡i
cÖKvk‡K µg‡Rvo ejv nq|
 Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR : A I B †h‡Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mKj µg‡Rv‡oi †mU‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR †mU e‡j|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡Pi †mU¸‡jv‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki : Avgiv Rvwb,
(K) {x  N : x2 > 9 Ges x3  130} ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU, N = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, }
mgvavb : †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM© 9 A‡cÿv eo Ges Nb GLv‡b,
130 A‡cÿv †QvU Zv‡ì †mU| x = 1 n‡j, x3 = 13 = 1 >/ 25 Ges x4 = 14 = 1  264
Avgiv Rvwb, ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, } x = 2 n‡j, x3 = 23 = 8 >/ 25 Ges x4 = 24 = 16  264
GLv‡b, x = 1 n‡j, x2 = 12 = 1 >/ 9 Ges x3 = 13 = 1  130 x = 3 n‡j, x3 = 33 = 27 > 25 Ges x4 = 34 = 81  264
x = 2 n‡j, x2 = 22 = 4 >/ 9 Ges x3 = 23 = 8  130 x = 4 n‡j, x3 = 43 = 64 > 25 Ges x4 = 44 = 256  264
x = 3 n‡j, x2 = 32 = 9 >/ 9 Ges x3 = 33 = 27  130 x = 5 n‡j, x3 = 53 = 125 > 25 Ges x4 = 54 = 625 </ 264

x = 4 n‡j, x2 = 42 = 16 > 9 Ges x3 = 43 = 64  130

x = 5 n‡j, x2 = 52 = 25 > 9 Ges x3 = 53 = 125  130  kZ©vbymv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ ¯^vfvweK msL¨vmg~n 3, 4
x = 6 n‡j, x2 = 62 = 36 > 9 Ges x3 = 63 = 216 </ 130 wb‡Y©q †mU = {3, 4}

cÖkœ \ 2 \ wb‡Pi †mU¸‡jv‡K †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki:

 kZ©vbymv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ msL¨v¸‡jv 4, 5 (K) {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
wb‡Y©q †mU = {4, 5} mgvavb : cÖ`Ë †m‡Ui Dcv`vbmg~n 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
GLv‡b, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb ¯^vfvweK we‡Rvo msL¨v hv 1 †_‡K
(L) {x  Z : x2 > 5 Ges x2  36} eo Ges 13 †_‡K †QvU|
mgvavb : †h mKj c~Y©msL¨vi eM© 5 A‡cÿv eo Ges 36 A‡cÿv wb‡Y©q †mU = {x  N : x we‡Rvo msL¨v Ges 1  x  13}
eo bq Zv‡ì †mU| (L) {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36}
Avgiv Rvwb, c~Y©msL¨vi †mU Z = { − 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 } mgvavb : cÖ`Ë †m‡Ui Dcv`vbmg~n 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
GLv‡b, GLv‡b, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Ges 36 Gi ¸YbxqK|
x = 0 n‡j, x2 = 02 = 0 >/ 5 Ges 0  36 wb‡Y©q †mU = {x  N : x, 36 Gi ¸YbxqK}
x = 1 n‡j, x2 = (1)2 = 1 >/ 5 Ges 1  36 (M) {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40}
x = 2 n‡j, x2 = (2)2 = 4 >/ 5 Ges 4  36 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë †m‡Ui Dcv`vbmg~n 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40
x = 3 n‡j, x2 = (3)2 = 9 > 5 Ges 9  36 GLv‡b, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb 4 Øviv wefvR¨, A_©vr 4 Gi ¸wYZK
x = 4 n‡j, x2 = (4)2 = 16 > 5 Ges 16 < 36 Ges 40 Gi eo bq|
x = 5 n‡j, x2 = (5)2 = 25 > 5 Ges 25 < 36 wb‡Y©q †mU = {x  N : x, 4 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  40}
x = 6 n‡j, x2 = (6)2 = 36 > 5 Ges 36 = 36
(N) { 4,  5,  6}
x = 7 n‡j, x2 = (7)2 = 49 > 5 Ges 49 </ 36
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë †m‡Ui Dcv`vbmg~n − 6, − 5, − 4, 4, 5, 6


GLv‡b, cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb c~Y©msL¨v| eM© 16 A‡cÿv †QvU bq
Ges Nb 216 A‡cÿv eo bq|
 kZ©vbymv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ msL¨vmg~n: 3, 4, 5, 6
wb‡Y©q †mU = {x  Z : x2  16 Ges x3  216}
wb‡Y©q †mU = { 3, 4, 5, 6}
(M) {x  N : x, 36 Gi ¸YbxqK Ges 6 Gi ¸wYZK } cÖkœ \ 3 \ A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, a} Ges C = {2, a, b} n‡j,
mgvavb : †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 36 Gi ¸YbxqK Ges 6 Gi wb‡Pi †mU¸‡jv wbY©q Ki|
¸wYZK Zv‡ì †mU| (K) B\C
Avgiv Rvwb, ¯^vfvweK msL¨v †mU N = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {1, 2, a}
GLv‡b, 36 = 1  36 Ges C = {2, a, b}
= 2  18  B \ C = {1, 2, a} \ {2, a, b}
= 3  12 = {1} (Ans.)
=49 (L) A  B
=66 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {2, 3, 4}
 36 Gi ¸YbxqKmg~n 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
Ges B = {1, 2, a}
Ges 6 Gi ¸wYZKmg~n 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36    A  B = {2, 3, 4}  {1, 2, a}
 36 Gi ¸YbxqK Ges 6 Gi ¸wYZK¸‡jv n‡jv h_vµ‡g 6, 12, 18, 36 = {1, 2, 3, 4, a} (Ans.)
wb‡Y©q †mU = {6, 12, 18, 36} (M) A  C
(N) {x  N : x3 > 25 Ges x4  264} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {2, 3, 4}
mgvavb : †hmKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi Nb 25 A‡cÿv †QvU Ges Ges C = {2, a, b}
PZzN©vZ 264 A‡cÿv †QvU Zv‡ì †mU|  A  C = {2, 3, 4}  {2, a, b}
= {2} (Ans.) GLb, A  B = {1, 3, 5}  {2, 4, 6} = { }
(N) A  (B  C)  evgcÿ = (A  B)  C
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, a} = { }  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Ges C = {2, a, b} Avevi, A  C = {1, 3, 5}  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
GLb, B  C = {1, 2, a}  {2, a, b} = (2, a) = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
 A  (B  C) = {2, 3, 4}  {2, a} Ges B  C = {2, 4, 6}  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= {2, 3, 4, a} (Ans.) = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
(O) A  (B  C)  Wvbcÿ = (A  C)  (B  C)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, a} = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Ges C = {2, a, b} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
GLb, B  C = {1, 2, a}  {2, a, b} = (1, 2, a, b) A_©vr (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C)
(mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv)
 A  (B  C) = {2, 3, 4}  {1, 2, a, b} = {2} (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 5 \ Q = {x,y} Ges R = {m, n, l} n‡j, P(Q) Ges P(R)
cÖkœ \ 4 \ U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6} wbY©q Ki|
Ges C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} n‡j, wbgœwjwLZ †ÿ‡Î mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki : mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, Q = {x,y} Ges R = {m, n, l}
(i) (A  B) = A  B Q †m‡Ui Dc‡mU¸‡jv n‡jv {x, y}, {x}, {y}, 
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7},  P (Q) = {{x, y}, {x}, {y}, } (Ans.)
A = {1, 3, 5} Ges B = {2, 4, 6} Avevi, R †m‡Ui Dc‡mU¸‡jv n‡jv {m, n, l}, {m, n}, {m, l}, {n,
GLb, A  B = {1, 3, 5}  {2, 4, 6} l}, {m}, {n}, {l} 
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}  P(R) = {{m, n, l}, {m, n} {m, l} {n, l}, {m}, {n}, {l}, } (Ans.)
 evgcÿ = (A B) = U \ {A B} cÖkœ \ 6 \ A = {a, b}, B = {a, b, c} Ges C = A  B n‡j, †`LvI †h,
P(C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2 , †hLv‡b n n‡”Q C Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v|
n
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} \ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
= {7} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {a, b}, B = {a, b, c} Ges C = A  B
Avevi, A = U\A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} \ {1, 3, 5}  C = A  B = {a, b}  {a, b, c} = {a, b, c}
= {2, 4, 6, 7} GLb, C †m‡Ui Dc‡mU¸‡jv n‡jv {a, b, c}, {a, b}, {b, c}, {a, c},{a},
Ges B = U\B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\{2, 4, 6} {b}, {c}, 
= {1, 3, 5, 7}  P(C) = {{a, b, c}, {a, b}, {b, c}, {a, c}, {a}, {b}, {c}, }
 Wvbcÿ = A  B = {2, 4, 6, 7}  {1, 3, 5, 7}  P(C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 8 = 23
= {7}  C †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v n n‡j P(C) †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n.
A_©vr (A  B) = A  B (mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv)
(ii) (B  C) = B  C
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, cÖkœ \ 7 \ (K) (x − 1, y + 2) = (y − 2, 2x + 1) n‡j, x Ges y Gi
B = {2, 4, 6} Ges C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} gvb wbY©q Ki|
GLb, B  C = {2, 4, 6}  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {4, 6} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x − 1, y + 2) = (y − 2, 2x + 1)
 evgcÿ = (B  C) = U\(B  C) µg‡Rv‡oi msÁvbymv‡i, x − 1 = y − 2  (i)
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\{4, 6} Ges y + 2 = 2x + 1  (ii)
= {1, 2, 3, 5, 7} mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, x − 1 = y − 2
Avevi, B = U\B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}\{2, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 5, 7} ev, x = y − 2 + 1
Ges C = U\C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} \ {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 2}  x = y − 1 (iii)
 Wvbcÿ = B  C = {1, 3, 5, 7}  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7} mgxKiY (ii)-G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ y + 2 = 2(y − 1) + 1
A_©vr (B  C) = B  C (mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv) ev, y + 2 = 2y − 2 + 1
(iii) (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) ev, y − 2y = −2 + 1 − 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, ev, − y = −3
A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6} Ges C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  y=3
GLb, A  B = {1, 3, 5}  {2, 4, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} GLb, mgxKiY (iii) G y Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
 evgcÿ = (A  B)  C x=3−1x=2
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} wb‡Y©q gvb x = 2, y = 3
= {3, 4, 5, 6}
Avevi, A  C = {1, 3, 5}  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {3, 5} (L) (ax − cy, a2 − c2) = (0, ay − cx) n‡j, (x, y) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
Ges B  C = {2, 4, 6}  {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {4, 6} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (ax − cy, a2 − c2) = (0, ay − cx)
µg‡Rv‡oi msÁvbymv‡i, ax − cy = 0  (i)
 Wvbcÿ = (A  C)  (B  C) = {3, 5}  {4, 6}= {3, 4, 5, 6}
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
Ges a2 − c2 = ay − cx
 − cx + ay = a2 − c2 (ii)
A_©vr (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, ax − cy = 0
(mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv)
(iv) (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C)
ev, ax = cy
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, cy
x= (iii)
a
A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6} Ges C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
mgxKiY (ii) G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
cy  B = {1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45}
−c + ay = a2 − c2  A  B = {1, 5, 7, 35}  {1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45}
a
− c2y + a2y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 35, 45} (Ans.)
ev, a
= a2 − c2 Ges A  B = {1, 5, 7, 35}  {1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45}
y(a2 − c2) = {1, 5}(Ans.)
ev, a
= a2 − c2 cÖkœ \ 10 \ †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 346 Ges 556 †K fvM
ev, y(a2 − c2) = a(a2 − c2) Ki‡j cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 31 Aewkó _v‡K, G‡ì †mU wbY©q Ki|
 y=a [Dfq cÿ‡K (a2 − c2) Øviv fvM K‡i] mgvavb : †h ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 346 Ges 556 †K fvM Ki‡j
GLb, mgxKiY (iii) G y Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 31 Aewkó _v‡K, †m msL¨v n‡e 31 A‡cÿv eo Ges 346
c.a − 31 = 315 Ges 556 − 31 = 525 Gi mvaviY ¸YbxqK|
x=  x = c g‡b Kwi, 31 A‡cÿv eo 315 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU A
a
wb‡Y©q gvb (x, y) = (c, a) Ges 525 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU B
GLv‡b, 315 = 1  315 = 3  105 = 5  63 = 7  45 = 9  35
(M) (6x − y, 13) = (1, 3x + 2y) n‡j, (x, y) wbY©q Ki| = 15  21
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (6x − y, 13) = (1, 3x + 2y) 31 A‡cÿv eo 315 Gi ¸YbxqK¸‡jv n‡jv h_vµ‡g 35, 45, 63, 105
µg‡Rv‡oi msÁvbymv‡i, 6x − y = 1  (i) I 315
Ges 13 = 3x + 2y  A = {35, 45, 63, 105, 315}
 3x + 2y = 13 (ii) Avevi, 525 = 1  525 = 3  175 = 5  105 = 7  75 = 15  35
mgxKiY (i) †K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ †hvM Kwi, = 21  25
12x − 2y = 2 31 A‡cÿv eo 525 Gi ¸YbxqK¸‡jv n‡jv h_vµ‡g 35, 75, 105,
3x + 2y = 13 175 I 525
(+ K‡i) 15x = 15  B = {35, 75, 105, 175, 525}
x=1  A  B = {35, 45, 63, 105, 315}  {35, 75, 105, 175, 525}
mgxKiY (ii) G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, 3  1 + 2y = 13 = {35, 105}
ev, 3 + 2y = 13 wb‡Y©q †mU {35, 105}
ev, 2y = 13 − 3
ev, 2y = 10 cÖkœ \ 11 \ †Kv‡bv †kªwYi 30 Rb wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ 20 Rb dzUej Ges
10 15 Rb wµ‡KU †Ljv cQ›` K‡i| `yBwU †LjvB cQ›` K‡i Z`ªæc
ev, y = 2  y = 5 wkÿv_©xi msL¨v 10; KZRb wkÿv_©x `yBwU †LjvB cQ›` K‡i bv Zv
wb‡Y©q gvb (x, y) = (1, 5) †fbwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 8 \ (K) P = {a}, Q = {b, c} n‡j, P  Q Ges Q  P wbY©q Ki| mgvavb : wb‡Pi AvqZvKvi †fbwPÎwU 30 Rb wkÿv_©xi †mU S wb‡`©k
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = {a} Ges Q = {b, c} K‡i F I C Øviv wb‡`©wkZ e„ËvKvi †ÿÎ `yBwU h_vµ‡g dzUej Ges
 P  Q = {a}  {b, c} = {(a, b), (a, c)} (Ans.) wµ‡KU †Ljv cQ›` K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©xi †mU wb‡`©k K‡i| †fbwPÎwU
Ges Q  P = {b, c}  {a} = {(b, a), (c, a)} (Ans.) PviwU wb‡ñ` †m‡U wef³ n‡q‡Q, hv‡ì P1, P2, P3 I P4 Øviv wef³
Kiv n‡jv|
(L) A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {4, 5, 6} Ges C = {x, y} n‡j, (A  B)  S
C wbY©q Ki| F C
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {4, 5, 6} Ges C = {x, y} P1
P2
GLv‡b, A  B = {3, 4, 5}  {4, 5, 6} = {4, 5} P3
 (A  B)  C = {4, 5}  {x, y} P4
= {(4, x), (4, y), (5, x), (5, y)}
 (A  B)  C = {(4, x), (4, y), (5, x), (5, y)} (Ans.)
GLv‡b, P2 = F  C = `yBwU †LjvB cQ›` K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì †mU
(M) P = {3, 5, 7}, Q = {5, 7} Ges R = P\Q n‡j, (P  Q)  R Ges Gi m`m¨ msL¨v = 10
wbY©q Ki| P1 = F \ P2 = ïay dzUej †Ljv cQ›` K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì †mU
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = {3, 5, 7}, Q = {5, 7} Ges Gi m`m¨ msL¨v = 20 − 10 = 10
 R = P\Q = {3, 5, 7} \ {5, 7} = {3} P3 = C \ P2 = ïay wµ‡KU †Ljv cQ›` K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì
GLv‡b, P  Q = {3, 5, 7}  {5, 7} = {3, 5, 7} †mU Ges Gi m`m¨ msL¨v = 15 − 10 = 5
 (P  Q)  R = {3, 5, 7}  {3} = {(3, 3), (5, 3), (7, 3)}
 (P  Q)  R = {(3, 3), (5, 3), (7, 3)} (Ans.)  F  C = P1  P2  P3 = GK Ges Dfq †Ljv cQ›` wkÿv_©x‡ì
cÖkœ \ 9 \ A I B h_vµ‡g 35 Ges 45 Gi mKj ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU †mU Ges m`m¨ msL¨v = 10 + 10 + 5 = 25
n‡j, A  B Ges A  B wbY©q Ki|  P4 = S\(F  C) = `yBwU †LjvB cQ›` K‡i bv wkÿv_©x‡ì †mU
mgvavb : GLv‡b, 35 = 1  35 = 5  7 Ges Gi m`m¨ msL¨v = 30 − 25 = 5
35 Gi ¸YbxqK¸‡jv n‡jv 1, 5, 7, 35 wb‡Y©q 5 Rb wkÿv_©x `yBwU †LjvB cQ›` K‡i bv|
 A = {1, 5, 7, 35} cÖkœ \ 12 \ 100 Rb wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cixÿvq 65% wkÿv_©x
Ges 45 = 1  45 evsjvq, 48% wkÿv_©x evsjv I Bs‡iwR Dfq wel‡q cvm Ges 15%
= 3  15 wkÿv_©x Dfq wel‡q †dj K‡i‡Q|
=59
45 Gi ¸YbxqK¸‡jv n‡jv, 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv †fbwP‡Î cÖKvk Ki|
L. ïay evsjvq I Bs‡iwR‡Z cvm K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì msL¨v wbY©q Ki|  P = ïay evsjvq cvm cixÿv_©x‡ì †mU, hvi m`m¨ msL¨v
M. Dfq wel‡q cvm Ges Dfq wel‡q †dj msL¨vØ‡qi †gŠwjK 65 − 48 = 17 Ges R = ïay Bs‡iwR‡Z cvm cixÿv_©x‡ì †mU
¸YbxqKmg~‡ni †mU `yBwUi ms‡hvM †mU wbY©q Ki| hvi m`m¨ msL¨v = 100 − (17 + 48 + 15) = 20
mgvavb : 17%, 20%. (Ans.)
(K) †fbwP‡Î AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwU 100 Rb cixÿv_©xi †mU U Ges (M) Dfq wel‡q cvm Kiv wkÿv_©xi msL¨v = 48
ci¯úi‡”Q`x `yBwU e„Ë‡ÿÎ Øviv evsjv I Bs‡iwR‡Z cvm Ges Dfq wel‡q †dj Kiv wkÿv_©xi msL¨v = 15
cixÿv_©x‡ì †mU h_vµ‡g B I F wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv| awi, 48 Gi †gŠwjK ¸YbxqKmg~‡ni †mU A
U
Ges 15 Gi †gŠwjK ¸YbxqKmg~‡ni †mU B
B E F
48 Gi †gŠwjK ¸YbxqK¸‡jv n‡jv 2, 3
P Q
R
Ges 15 Gi †gŠwjK ¸YbxqK n‡jv 3, 5
17 48  A = {2, 3) Ges B = {3, 5}
 A  B = {2, 3}{3, 5} = {2, 3, 5} (Ans)
(L) GLv‡b, Q = B  E = Dfq wel‡q cvm cixÿv_©x‡ì †mU, hvi
m`m¨ msL¨v 48

1. hw` A †mU B †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU nq, Z‡e †Kvb m¤úK©wU  16 L 25 M 30 N 34
mwVK? 18. x + y = 3, x − y = 1 n‡j, (x, y) = KZ?
 (2, 1) L (1, 2) M (4, 1) N (1, 4)

A

B L AB M A\B N AB 19. †Kv‡bv †m‡Ui kw³ †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v 32 n‡j, H †m‡Ui
2. B †m‡Ui c~iK †mU †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev. Õ15] Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ?
K2 L3 5 N 32
K B = U  B L B = B\ U M B = U  B  B = U \ B
3. †Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v 3 n‡j Zvi Dc‡mU msL¨v KZ? 20. (2x + y, 3) = (6, x − y) n‡j, (x, y) = KZ?
 (3, 0) L (2, 2) M (6, 3) N (1, 4)
K3 L6 8 N9
4. hw` A = {a, b, c} nq, Z‡e A Gi cÖK…Z Dc‡mU KqwU? 21. A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, 4} n‡j, A  B = KZ?
K {1, 2, 3} L {1, 2, 4} M {1, 3, 4}  {1, 2, 3, 4}
K3 6 M7 N8
22. M = {1, 2, 3} Gi cÖK…Z Dc‡mU KqwU?
5. P  Q = { } n‡j, P I Q ci¯úi− K3 6 M7 N8
K Dc‡mU  wb‡ñ` †mU M mvwe©K †mU N †Q` †mU 23. A = {mvwKe, gykwdK, Zvwgg} Ges B = {gykwdK, gvkivwd,
6. A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} Ges B = {−1, 0, 1, 2, 3} n‡j A  B Zvwgg} n‡j, A  B Gi gvb KZ?
Gi mwVK gvb †KvbwU? K {mvwKe, Zvwgg} L {gvkivwd, gykwdK}
 {− 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} L {0, 1, 2, 3}  {gykwdK, Zvwgg} N {Zvwgg, gvkivwd}
M {−1, 0, 1, 2, 3} N {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} 24. A = {9, 10, 11, 12} Gi †mU MVb c×wZ †KvbwU?
7. {x  N : 9  x  10} Giƒc †mU‡K Kx e‡j? K {x  N : 9  x  12}  {x  N : 9 ≤ x ≤ 12}
K wb‡ñ` †mU L Amxg †mU  duvKv †mU N mmxg †mU M {x  N : 9 ≤ x  12} N {x  N : 9  x ≤ 12}
8. x = {a, b, c} n‡j x Gi cÖK…Z Dc‡mU KqwU? 25. hw` A = {a, b, c} Ges B = {d, e, f} nq Z‡e P(A − B) Gi
K3 6 M7 N8 m`m¨ msL¨v KZ?
9. C = (a, b) Ges D = {a, b} n‡j C − D †KvbwU? K9 8 M7 N6
K {0} L {}  N {a, b} 26. A = {5, 6}, B = {a, b} n‡j, A  B = KZ?
10. (x + 3, y − 5) = (5, 3) n‡j (x, y) = KZ? K {(5, 6)} (a, b)} L {(5, a)(5, b)(b, a)(b, b)}
K (2, − 2)  (2, 8) M (0, 10) N (8, 8) M {5, a}, {5, b}, {b, a}{b, b}  (5, a)(5, b)(6, a)(6, b)
11. A = {1, 3, 5, 7} n‡j, A Gi cÖK…Z Dc‡mU KqwU? 27. S = {y : y, 12 Gi †gŠwjK ¸YbxqK} †mUwUi ZvwjKv c×wZi
K4 L8  14 N 16 cÖKvk †KvbwU?
12. B = {1, a, b} Ges C = {2, b, c} nq, Z‡e B  C = KZ? K {1, 2, 3}  {2, 3} M {2, 3, 6} N {1, 2, 3, 6}
 {b} L {1, a, b} 28. U = {m, n, x, y, z} †m‡Ui KqwU Dc‡mU Av‡Q?
M {2, b, c} N {1, 2, a, b, c} K5 L 25  32 N 64
13. 3 Gi ¸YxZK¸‡jvi †mU †KvbwU? 29. A = {x  N : x − 1, 2, = 1} †mUwUi ZvwjKv c×wZi iƒc
K {3, 6, 7} L {3, 4, 10} M {3, 9, 14}  {6, 9, 12} †KvbwU?
x y 1 K {−1} L {0}  {1} N {2}
14. =
−2 −4 2
= n‡j (x, y) = KZ? 30. A = {2, 3, 4} Ges B = {2, 3, a} n‡j, A  B KZ?
K (− 1, − 1)  (− 1, − 2) M (− 1, 2) N (1, 2)  {2, 3} L {3, 4} M {4, a} N {2, 4}
15. A =  n‡j P(A) wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 31. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Ges A = {1, 3, 5} n‡j A = KZ?
 {} L0 M {} N K {2, 4, 5}  {2, 4, 6} M {4, 5, 6} N {}
16. {x  N : 6  x  7 Ges x †gŠwjK msL¨v}-†K ZvwjKv 32. hw` (x + y, x − y) = (5, 3) n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
K1 L2 M3 4
c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j †KvbwU nq?
33. X = {a, b}, Y = {b, c}, Z = {b, 3, 4} n‡j X  Y  Z Gi
 {} L {0} M {} N {6, 7}
17. a + b = 5, a − b = 3 n‡j, 4ab Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ?
K1 L3 5 N7
34. A = {x  N : 2  x  6} n‡j− K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
i. A †m‡Ui †gŠwjK msL¨v 2wU 37. D = {a, b, c, d, e} †mUwUi−
ii. P(A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 8wU i. GKwU Dc‡mU  ii. Dc‡mU msL¨v 32
iii. A †m‡U 2 Øviv wefvR¨ msL¨v 1wU iii. Dc‡mU msL¨v 2n mg_©b K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
35. (x + y, 0) = (1, − y) n‡j− wb‡Pi Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 38 − 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. x + y = 1 ii. x − y = 0 A = {1, 2}, B = {2, 3} Ges C = {3, 4}
iii. x =
1 38. A  B  C Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ?
2 4 L5 M6 N7
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 39. P(A  B) Gi mwVK gvb †KvbwU?
i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K (2, )  {{2}, } M {2} N 
36. B †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU A n‡j− 40. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv (A  B)  C wb‡`©k K‡i?
i. A  B = A ii. A  B = B
K {{2, 3}, {2, 4}} L {(1, 2), (2, 3)}
iii. A − B = 
 {(2, 3), (2, 4)} N {(1, 3), (1, 4)}

mvaviY Av‡jvPbv i. X, Y, Z Øviv †mU‡K cÖKvk Ki
41. †mU m¤ú‡K© †K cÖ_g aviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib? (mnR) ii. †m‡Ui cÖ‡Z¨K e¯‘ ev m`m¨‡K †m‡Ui Dcv`vb ejv nq
K Rb †fb  RR© K¨v›Ui M wbDg¨vb N wc_v‡Mvivm iii. Dcv`vb cÖKv‡ki wPý ÔÕ
e¨vL¨v : Rvg©vb MwYZwe` RR© K¨v›Ui (1845-1918) †mU m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡ib| K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
42. RR© K¨v›Ui †Kvb †`‡ki MwYZwe`? (mnR)
51. B = {a, b, c} GKwU †mU n‡j−
K Av‡gwiKv L weª‡Ub  Rvg©vwb N d«vÝ
i. a  B ii. b  B
†mU iii. c, B Gim`m¨
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
43. ev¯Íe ev wPšÍv RM‡Zi my-msÁvwqZ e¯‘i mgv‡ek ev
msMÖn‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) †mU cÖKv‡ki c×wZ
K ZvwjKv  †mU M †mUZË¡ N web¨vm mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
44. †m‡Ui Dcv`vb cÖKv‡ki wPý †KvbwU? (mnR)
  L: M  N \
52. †mU cÖKvk Kivi cÖPwjZ c×wZ KqwU? (mnR)
45. †mU‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq? (mnR)  `y B L wZb M Pvi N cu vP
K 1, 2, 3, 4 ………  A, B, C, …, X, Y, Z… 53. †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z †m‡Ui KqwU Dcv`vb †jLv nq? (mnR)
M a, b, c, …, x, y, z, …… N K, L, M, N, ………… K 2 L 3 M 4  1
e¨vL¨v : †mU‡K mvaviYZ Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi eo nv‡Zi Aÿi A, B, C  X, 54. p = {x  N : 2 ≤ x ≤ 4} Gi gvb ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z wb‡Pi
Y, Z Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
46. x, A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb, wb‡Pi †KvbwU G e³e¨‡K cÖKvk K‡i? (mnR) †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K {2,4}  {2, 3, 4} M {3} N {2, 3}
K xA L x  xA N xA
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, 2 †_‡K 4 ch©šÍ ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU| 2 †_‡K 4 ch©šÍ
47. y, B †m‡Ui Dcv`vb bv n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (mnR) ¯^vfvweK msL¨v n‡jv 2, 3, 4|
KyB L yB  yB Ny >B
55. A = {x  N : 5 ≤ x ≤ 8} n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
48. x  A Gi A_© Kx? K A = {5, 8} L A = {6, 7}
 x, A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb bq L A, x †m‡Ui Dcv`vb bq  A = {5, 6, 7, 8} N A = {4}
M A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb x Gi mggvb m¤úbœ bq e¨vL¨v : A {x     ≤ x ≤ 8 A ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU Ges Gi Dcv`vb
N x Ges A ci¯úi cwic~iK bq| n‡jv 5, 6, 7, 8|
e¨vL¨v : x  A Ges cov nq x, A Gi m`m¨ bq| 56. A = {x : x †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges x ≤ 11} n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
49. MvwYwZKfv‡e ‘a  AÕ cÖZxK Øviv wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖKvk Kiv mwVK? (ga¨g)
nq? (mnR) K A = {1, 2, 311}  A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
 a Av‡Q A †Z L a bvB A †Z M A = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11} N A = {1, 3, 5, 9}
e¨vL¨v : A †gŠwjK msL¨vi †mU Ges †gŠwjK msL¨v¸‡jv 11 A‡cÿv eo bq|
M a †mU A †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU
 A †m‡Ui m`m¨ n‡jv, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
N A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb¸‡jv a †Z we`¨gvb
57. †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 5 Gi ¸wYZK Zv‡ì †mU‡K
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Kxiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv nq? (ga¨g)
 Amxg †mU L mmxg †mU M c~iK †mU N †Q` †mU
K A = { x  N : x < 5} L A= {x  N : x = 5x} 68. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg †mU? (ga¨g)
K A = {x : x, 7 Gi ¸wYwZK Ges x ≤ 28}
 A= {x  N : x5} N
x
A = {x  N : }
5 L B = {x : x, 28 Gi ¸YbxqK
M C = {x : x, abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v Ges x2  18}
 Z = {,−3, −2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, }
58. †mU cÖKv‡ki c×wZ n‡jv- e¨vL¨v : †h †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v MYbv K‡i wba©viY Kiv hvq bv| G‡K
i. ZvwjKv c×wZ ii. BDwK¬Wxq c×wZ Amxg †mU e‡j| c~Y© msL¨vi †mU Amxg †mU|
iii. †mU MVb c×wZ
69. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg †mU? (mnR)
 {1, 3, 5 } L {1, 3, 5}
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M {2, 4, 6} N {1, 2, 3}
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 70. A = {x : x, 7 Gi ¸wYZK} n‡j, A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v
e¨vL¨v : †mU cÖKv‡ki c×wZ `yBwU| (1) ZvwjKv c×wZ (2) †mU MVb c×wZ KZ? (ga¨g)
59. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K2 L3 M4  AmsL¨
i. †m‡U GKvwaK Dcv`vb _vK‡j ÔKgvÕ eënvi K‡i
Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Kiv nq enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. Ô:Õ Øviv ÔGiƒc †hbÕ ev ms‡ÿ‡c Ô†hbÕ †evSvq 71. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
iii. A = {1, 3, 5, 7} †mUwU †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk i. mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU GKwU Amxg †mU
ii. 3 Gi ¸wYZKmg~‡ni †mU Amxg †mU
iii. g~j` msL¨vi †mU GKwU Amxg †mU
mmxg †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 72. A = {x  N : x, 42 Gi ¸YbxqK } n‡j−
60. †h †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v MYbv K‡i wba©viY Kiv hvq Zv‡K Kx i. A = {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42}
e‡j? (mnR) ii. B = {x  N : x, 21 Gi ¸YbxqK}
K Amxg †mU  mmxg †mU M duvKv †mU N c~iK †mU iii. A I B †mU `yBwU AbšÍ †mU A Gi GKwU cÖK…Z Dc‡mU
61. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg †mU? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
KN LZ MQ  P = {1, 2, 3}  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
62. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg †mU? (ga¨g)
K { x : x †Rvo ¯^vfvweK msL¨v } duvKv †mU
 { x : x †Rvo †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges x  70 }
M { x : x c~Y© msL¨v Ges x  4 }
N { x : x, 4 Gi ¸wYZK } 73. †h †m‡Ui Dcv`vb †bB Zv‡K ejv nqÑ (mnR)
63. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg †mU? (ga¨g) K c~iK †mU L ms‡hvM †mU  duvKv †mU N Amxg †mU
 { x : x, 24 Gi ¸YbxqK } L { x : x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK } 74. GKwU †mU A = {x  N: 9 < x < 10}; G †mU‡K †Kvb †kªwYi
M { x : x, 7 Gi ¸wYZK } N { 1, 2, 3, 4,  } †mU ejv nq? (mnR
 duvKv †mU L mvwe©K †mU M ms‡hvM †mU N cÖK…Z Dc‡mU
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 75. wb‡Pi †KvbwU duvKv †mU? (mnR)
64. mmxg †mU n‡jv- K {0} L {}
i. A = {x, y, z} M { x  N : 7 ≤ x ≤ 11} 
ii. B = {x : x †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges 30  x  70}
iii. N = {1, 2, 3, }
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 76. duvKv †mU m¤úwK©Z wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. duvKv †mU †h‡Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dc‡mU
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii. duvKv †mU‡K { } Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
iii. duvKv †m‡U †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb _v‡K bv
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
A = {x : x, 24 Gi ¸YbxqK }
K i I ii L i I iii M iv I iii
 i, ii I iii
65. DÏxc‡Ki †mUwU †Kvb ai‡bi? (mnR)
K Amxg †mU  mmxg †mU M duvKv †mU N k~b¨ †mU Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
66. A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v KqwU? (ga¨g)
K3 L4 M6 8
B : {x  N : x †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges 31  x  37}
Amxg †mU 77. B †mUwU Kx ai‡bi †mU? (mnR)
K mmxg †mU L Amxg †mU M k~b¨ †mU  duvKv †mU
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 78. ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z B †mUwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
67. †h †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v MYbv K‡i wba©viY Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K K {33, 34, 35, 36} L {31, 37}
ejv nq- (mnR) M {31, 33, 35, 37}  {}
79. B †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ? (mnR)
0 L2 M4 N6
88. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki-
†fbwPÎ i.  †h‡Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dc‡mU
ii. cÖ‡Z¨KwU †mU wb‡Ri Dc‡mU
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii. Dc‡m‡Ui wPý ÔÕ
80. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui m¤úK©‡K †h wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nqÑ (mnR)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 †fbwPÎ L †jLwPÎ M msL¨v‡iLv N †mU¸bR 89. P = {1, 2, 3} Gi Q = {1, 2, 3} Ges R = {1, 3} `yBwU
81. U = {1, 2, a, b, c, d} , A = {1, 2, a}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {a, Dc‡mU-
c, d} n‡j wb‡gœv³ †fbwP‡Îi Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨? (KwVb) i. Q  P ii. R = P
b B U iii. R  P
1
2 a
c
A
d 90. †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †mU A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} n‡j, Dc‡mUmg~n n‡jv :
C
i. {2, 4, 6} ii. {1, 3, 5}
 A BC L A BC M A BC N ABC iii. {1, 2, 4, 6}
82. Qvqvhy³ wb‡Pi †Kvb wPÎwU A  B cÖKvk K‡i †hLv‡b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
AB (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 L A
A B B
cÖK…Z Dc‡mU
M N
91. A = {3, 4, 5, 6} Gi cÖK…Z Dc‡mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
A B A B
K {3, 4, 5, 6}  {4, 5, 6} M 1, 4, 5, 6 N {3, 4, 7}
92. A = {a, b, c} †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU msL¨v KZwU? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 4 L 5 M 6 7
83. A I B `ywU Ak~b¨ †mU n‡j− enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

A B
i. A  B Gi †fbwPÎ 93. A = {3, 4, 5, 6} Ges B = {3, 5} `yBwU †mU| GLv‡b-
i. B, A Gi GKwU cÖK…Z Dc‡mU
ii. B  A wj‡L cÖKvk Kiv nq
A B
ii. A  B Gi †fbwPÎ iii. B †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨vi †P‡q Kg
iii. A − B Gi †fbwPÎ A B
†m‡Ui mgZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 94. GKwU †mU A = {7, 7, 3, 5, 5} n‡j, Gi mgvb †mU wb‡Pi
†KvbwU? (ga¨g)
Dc‡mU  {3, 5, 7} L {3, 4, 5} M {3, 5, 5} N {3, 3, 5, 5}
e¨vL¨v : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui Dcv`vb GKB n‡j, G‡ì‡K †m‡Ui mgZv e‡j|
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 95. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †m‡Ui mgZv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? (ga¨g)
84. A = {1, 2, 3} †m‡Ui Dc‡mU msL¨v KZwU? (ga¨g)  {2, 4, 6} = {4, 2, 6} L {2, 4, 5} = {2, 4, 6}
K 3 L 6  8 N 10 M {1, 3, 7} = {7, 3, 2} N {1, 3, 5} = {3, 2, 5}
e¨vL¨v : A †m‡Ui m`m¨ msL¨v x = 3| AZGe A †m‡Ui Dc‡m‡Ui msL¨v e¨vL¨v : †m‡Ui Dcv`vb¸‡jvi µg e`jv‡j †m‡Ui †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv
2n = 23 = 8  {2, 4, 6} = {4, 2, 6}
85. †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb bv wb‡q wb‡Pi †Kvb †mUwU MVb Kiv hvq? (ga¨g)
K { a, b } L {a} M {b}  { } ev 
86. A = {a, b} GKwU †mU| Zvn‡j A Gi Dc‡mU¸‡jv n‡eÑ (ga¨g) 96. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K {a, b}, {a}, {b} i. {a, a, b, c, c} Ges y = {a, b, c} n‡j x ≠ y
 {a, b}, {a}, {b},  ii. `yBwU †mU mgvb n‡j, Zv‡ì Dcv`vb¸‡jv GKB
M {a, b}, {a}, {b}, {}, {a, b, }
iii. †m‡Ui Dcv`vb¸‡jvi µg e`jv‡j ev †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb
N {a}, {b}
87. A = {3, 6, 7} Ges B = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7} n‡j cybive„wË Ki‡j †m‡Ui †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 AB L AB M BA N AB K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†m‡Ui AšÍi 108. U mvwe©K †mU n‡j MvwYwZKfv‡e AC = wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K UA  U\A M A/U N AU
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi e¨vL¨v : A †m‡Ui ewnf©~Z mKj Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K A †m‡Ui c~iK
†mU e‡j|
97. A = (1, 2, 3, 4 5} Ges B = {1, 3, 5} n‡j, A − B = KZ? (ga¨g) 109. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K {2, 3, 4}  {2, 4} M {2, 4, 5} N {1, 2, 4}
e¨vL¨v : B †m‡Ui Dcv`vb ev` w`‡j A †m‡Ui Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ †mU|  A = {x : x  A} L A= {x : x  A}
98. A = (1, 2, 3, 4} Ges B = {2, 3} n‡j, A \ B wb‡Pi †KvbwUi M A = {x:x  A} N A = {x : x  A}
mgvb? (mnR) 110. hw` U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8},
K{1, 2}  {1, 4} M {2, 3} N {2, 4} A = {2, 4, 6, 8} nq Zvn‡j A Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
99. A = (3, a, b, c} I B = {a, b, c} n‡j, B \ A †mU wb‡Pi K {1, 7}  {1, 3, 5, 7}
†KvbwU? (mnR) M {1, 4, 6, 7, 8} N {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}
K {3, a, b, c}L {3} M {a, b, c}  111. hw` A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} Ges A= {2, 4, 8, 10} nq, Z‡e U
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
K {A, 3, 5, 7} L {2, 4, 7, 8, 10}
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 100 − 102 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M{ }  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}
hw` X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Ges Y = {2, 3, 5, 6, 7} nq Z‡e enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
100. X − Y = KZ? (ga¨g)
 {1, 4} L {1, 2, 3} 112. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
M{1, 4, 5} N {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} i. A Gi c~iK †mU‡K A ev A Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
C
101. (X − Y)  (Y − X) †mU wbY©q Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK n‡e?(KwVb) ii. P Gi †cÖwÿ‡Z Q Gi c~iK †mU QC = Q\P
K {4, 6, 7} L {}  {1, 4, 6, 7}N {1, 6, 7}
iii. P Gi †cÖwÿ‡Z Q Gi c~iK †mU Q = P\Q
C
e¨vL¨v : (X − Y)  (Y − X) = {1,4}  {6, 7} = {1, 4, 6, 7}
102. (X  Y) − (X  Y) = KZ? (KwVb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K {1, 4}  {1, 4, 6, 7} M{6, 7} N {2, 3, 5} K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : (X  Y)  (X  Y) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {2, 3, 5}
= {1, 4, 6, 7} Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
mvwe©K †mU  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 113 − 115 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 4, 6} Ges B = {1, 3, 5}
113. AC wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
103. A = {x, y} †mUwU B = {x, y, z} Gi GKwU Dc‡mU| B  {1, 3, 5} L {3, 4, 5} M {1, 5, 6} N { }
†mU‡K A †m‡Ui mv‡c‡ÿ Kx e‡j? (ga¨g) C
e¨vL¨v : A = U\A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ {2, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 5}
K c~iK †mU  mvwe©K †mU M mgvb †mU N †Q` †mU 114. BC wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
104. Av‡jvPbv mswkøó mKj †mU GKwU wbw`©ó †m‡Ui Dc‡mU K {2, 3, 5}  {2, 4, 6} M {3, 4, 5} N { }
n‡j, Dc‡mU¸‡jvi mv‡c‡ÿ H wbw`©ó †mU‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) C
e¨vL¨v : B = U\B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ {1, 3, 5} = {2, 4, 6}
 mvwe©K †mU L †Q` †mU M c~iK †mU N wb‡ñ` †mU 115. C = {3, 4, 5} n‡j, C= KZ? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K {1, 3, 5} L {2, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 6} N {2, 3, 5 }
e¨vL¨v : C = U\C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ {3, 4, 5} = {1, 2, 6}
i. Av‡jvPbv mswkøó mKj †mU mvwe©K †m‡Ui Dc‡mU ms‡hvM †mU
ii. mvwe©K †mU‡K mvaviYZ U Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
iii. A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} GLv‡b, A †mU B mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
†m‡Ui mv‡c‡ÿ mvwe©K †mU 116. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui mvaviY Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ †mU‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) Kx e‡j? (mnR)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  ms‡hvM †mU L †Q` †mU M mgvb †mU N wb‡ñ` †mU
106. N = {1, 2, 3, } GKwU mvwe©K †mU n‡j− 117. A I B †m‡Ui ms‡hvM †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
i. C = {2, 4, 6 }, N †m‡Ui GKwU Dc‡mU K AB  AB M AB N BA
ii. D = {1, 3, 5, }, N †m‡Ui GKwU Dc‡mU 118. A  B Gi †mU MVb c×wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
iii. {2}  N K {x : x  A Ges x  B}  {x : x  A A_ev x  B}
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M {x : x  A A_ev x  B} N { x  A Ges x  B}
119. P = {2, 3, 4} Ges Q = {1, 2, 3} n‡j P  Q = KZ? (ga¨g)
c~iK †mU  {1, 2, 3, 4} L {1, 3, 4} M {1, 2, 4}
e¨vL¨v : P Ges Q †m‡Ui mKj m`m¨ wb‡q MwVZ †mU|
N {2, 3, 4, 5 }
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 120. A  B Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)

A B A B
107. A Gi c~iK †mU‡K †jLv nq− (mnR)
K 
A C
KU L UA A N Ac
A B M {{a, b, c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}}
A B
M N N {{a}, {b}, {c}}
131. A = {a} n‡j, P(A) Gi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? (mnR)
K1 2 M3 N4
†Q` †mU e¨vL¨v : A = {a}, P{A} = 21 = 2
132. P(A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 8 n‡j, n(A) = KZ? (ga¨g)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K1 L2 3 N4
121. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A  B Gi †mU MVb c×wZ ? (mnR)
 {x : x  A Ges x  B} L {x : x  A Ges x  B}
M {x : x  A A_ev x  B} N {x : x  A Ges x  B} 133. A = {m, n} GKwU †mU|
122. P = {a, b, c, d, e} Ges Q = {b, c, f } n‡j P  Q Gi gvb i. A †m‡Ui Dc‡m‡Ui msL¨v 3wU
KZ? (ga¨g) ii. P(A) = {{m,n}, {m}, {n}, }
K {b, c, d, e} L {a, b, c, d, e, f } iii. P(A) = {m,n}, {m}, {n}, 
 {b, c} N {ƒ} wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
Ki  ii M iii Ni I ii
134. A = , B = {a}, C = {3, 4} wZbwU †mU n‡j-
i. P(A) = {  } ii. P(B) = {a}, 
iii. P(C) = Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 4 = 22
123. DcwiD³ †fbwP‡Î A Ges B wb‡ñ` bv n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
mwVK? (mnR)
KAB AB MA–B NAc = U − A µg‡Rvo
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
124. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 135. (x, y) = (a, b) n‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? (mnR)
i. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †m‡Ui mvaviY Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ K x = y, a = b  x = a, y = b
†mU‡K †Q` †mU e‡j M x = b, y = a N x = a, a = b
ii. A I B †m‡Ui †Q` †mU A  B 136. (x + y, 2a) = (0, x − y) n‡j x = KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z A  B = {x : x  A A_ev x  B} K − a  a M − 2a N 2a
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 137. (2x + y, 3) = (6, x − y) n‡j, (x, y) = KZ? (ga¨g)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K (3, 2) L (0, 3)  (3, 0) N (3, 3)
e¨vL¨v : 2x + y = 6, x − y = 3
Ô+Õ K‡i, 3x = 9  x = 3
wb‡ñ` †mU x = 3 n‡j, 3 − y = 3,  y = 3 − 3 = 0
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 138. (x + y, 1) = (3, x − y) n‡j, x = ? (ga¨g)
K1 2 M3 N4
125. A I B ci¯úi wb‡ñ` n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 139. (x − 1, y + 2) = (y − 2, 2x + 1) n‡j, x = KZ ? (ga¨g)
K AB=  AB= K4 L3 2 N0
M AB=0 N AB=0
e¨vL¨v : `yBwU †m‡Ui g‡a¨ hw` †Kv‡bv mvaviY Dcv`vb bv _v‡K Z‡e †mU enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
`yBwU ci¯úi wb‡ñ` †mU|
126. A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {4, 5, 6} n‡j, P(A  B) = ? (ga¨g)
140. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
 {{4, 5}, {4}, {5}, } L {{4}, {5}, }
i. x I y wfbœ Dcv`vb n‡j (x, y) ≠ (y, x)
M {{4, 5}, {4}} N {{4, 5}, {4}, {5}} ii. (x, y) = (y, x) n‡e, hw` Ges †Kej hw` x = y nq
iii. (x, y) = (a, b) n‡e, hw` Ges †Kej hw` x = a Ges y = b nq
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 127 − 129 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
A = {1, 2}, B = {a, 2}, C = {b, 3}, D = {a, b}
127. wb‡Pi †Kvb †mUØq ci¯úi wb‡ñ`? (mnR) Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR
KA IB LBID M CID  BIC
128. A  B = KZ? (ga¨g)
K {1} { 2 } M { a, 2 } N { 1, 2 } 141. A = {a}, B = {b} n‡j, A  B = ? (mnR)
129. B  C = KZ? (ga¨g) K {a} L {b, a} M {a, b}  {(a, b)}
K { a, b } L { 2, 3 } M { a, 3 }  142. †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z A  B wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K {(x, y) : x  A Ges y  B}
kw³ †mU  {(x, y) : x  A Ges y  B}
M {(x, y) : x  A A_ev y  B}
N {(x, y) : x  A A_ev x  B}
130. A = {a, b, c} n‡j, P(A) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 143. P = {1, 2}, Q = {3, 4} n‡j, P  Q = KZ? (ga¨g)
 {{a, b, c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a}, {b}, {c}, }  {(1, 3), (1, 4) (2, 3), (2, 4)} L {(1, 3), (2, 4)}
L {{a}, {b}, {c}, }
M {(1, 2, 3, 4)} N {(3, 1), (4, 2)} 100 Rb wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ 94 Rb evsjvq, 80 Rb MwY‡Z Ges 75 Rb
144. †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 311 Ges 419 †K fvM Ki‡j cÖwZ Dfq wel‡q cvm K‡i|
†¶‡Î 23 Aewkó _v‡K, Zv‡ì †mU KZ? (KwVb) 149. KZRb wk¶v_x© ïay evsjvq cvm K‡i? (ga¨g)
K {22} L {28} M {35}  {36}  19 L 25 M 28 N 35
145. †Kv‡bv cix¶vq cwiÿv_x©i 80% MwY‡Z Ges 70% evsjvq 150. KZRb wk¶v_x© GK Ges Dfq wel‡q cvm K‡i? (ga¨g)
cvm Kij| Dfq wel‡q 60% cvm Ki‡j kZKiv KZRb K 78 L 87 M 92  99
Dfq wel‡q †dj K‡i? (KwVb) 151. KZRb wk¶v_x© Dfq wel‡q †dj K‡i? (ga¨g)
 10 L 15 M 20 N 25  1 L 2 M4 N 12
146. GKwU wµ‡KU `‡ji 11 Rb †L‡jvqv‡oi g‡a¨ wbw`©ó msL¨K  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 152 − 155 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
e¨vUmg¨vb ÷¨v¤úW AvDU n‡jv, Zvi Pvi¸Y KU AvDU Ges 5 Rb †Kv‡bv GjvKvi 140 Rb †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ 60 Rb Bs‡iwR, 45 Rb
†evì AvDU n‡jv| KZRb e¨vUmg¨vb KU AvDU n‡jv? (ga¨g) Aviwe Ges 20 R‡bi Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Dfq fvlv m¤ú‡K© aviYv
K2 L3 4 N5 Av‡Q|
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 152. KZRb †jv‡Ki ïay Bs‡iwR m¤ú‡K© aviYv Av‡Q? (mnR)
K 30  40 M 45 N 52
147. A = {a, b}, B = (x, y) 153. KZRb †jv‡Ki ïay Aviwe m¤ú‡K© aviYv Av‡Q? (ga¨g)
i. A  B n‡jv Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR‡mU K 30 L 47 M 55  25
ii. A  B †K cov nq A µm B ev A cross B 154. KZRb †jv‡Ki GKwU fvlv m¤ú‡K©I aviYv bvB? (ga¨g)
iii. A  B = {(a, x), (b, y)} K 35 L 40 M 50  55
155. Kgc‡¶ GKwU fvlv m¤ú‡K© aviYv Av‡Q Giƒc †jv‡Ki msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
K 70 L 80  85 N 92
e¨vL¨v : iii. mwVK bq| KviY A  B = {(a, x), (a, y), (b, x), (b, y)}
148. A I B h_vµ‡g 108 Ges 87 Gi mKj Drcv`K (ev †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU †mU A={1, 3}, B={2, 3} Ges C={3, 4}
¸YbxqK) Gi †mU| 156. A  (B  C) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
i. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 54, 108} K {(1, 2) (2, 3), (3,2) (3,4)}
ii. B = {1, 3, 29, 87} L {(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2),(3, 4)}
iii. A  B = {1, 3}  {(1, 2) (1,3), (1, 4), (3,2), (3, 3), (3,4)}
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) N {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)}
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
157. A  (B  C) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3)} L {(1, 2), (2, 2)}
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  {(1, 3), (3, 3)} N {(1, 4), (2, 4), (1, 3)(2,3)}
158. (A  B)  C Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 149 − 151 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  {(3,3), (3,4)} L {(1, 3), (1, 4)}
M {(2, 4), (3,4)} N {}

159. A = {x  N : 2  x  7} n‡j, A †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk 166. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Gi KqwU Dc‡mU Av‡Q?
Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 32 L 36 M 48  64
K {2, 3, 7}  {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 167. wbw`©ó †mU‡K Av‡jvPbvaxb mKj †m‡Ui Kx ejv nq?
M {3, 4, 5, 6} N {} K Dc‡mU L c~iK †mU  mvwe©K †mU N kw³ †mU
160. A = { } n‡j, P(A) −Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v KqwU n‡e? 168. {x  N : 6  x  7) †mUwUi ZvwjKv iƒc †KvbwU?
K0 1 M2 N3 K {6} L {7}  N {}
161. {x  N : 9 < x < 10} †mUwUi ZvwjKv iƒc †KvbwU? 169. A = {7, 14, 21, 28} †mUwU‡K †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk
K {0} L {10} M {9, 10}  Ki‡j nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
162. {a, b, c, d} Gi KqwU cÖK…Z Dc‡mU n‡e hvi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki K A = {x : x, 7 Gi ¸wYZK}
wZbwU K‡i Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q? L A = {x : x, 28 Gi ¸YbxqK}
K2 L3 4 N6
M A = {x : x, 7 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  28}
163. S = {x  N : x2  9} Ges x3 < 130} n‡j S =?
K {3, 5}  {4, 5} M {4, 5, 6} N {3, 4, 5}  A = {x : x, 7 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  28}
164. †KvbwU mmxg †mU? 170. {x  N : x2 > 15 Ges x3  225} †mUwUi ZvwjKv c×wZi
K {x : x  z Ges x < 4} †mU †KvbwU?
 {y : y  z Ges y2 < 100 < y3} K {1, 2, 3} L {2, 3, 4}  {4, 5, 6} N {5, 6, 7}
p 171. {x  N : x3  27 Ges x3  130} Gi ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z gvb
M { : p I q mn‡gŠwjK Ges q > 1}
q †KvbwU?
N {y : y  z Ges y  −10 I y ≥ 10} K {2, 3} L {3, 4}  {4, 5} N {4, 5, 6}
165. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} n‡j, A †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU KqwU? 172. ¯^vfvweK msL¨v †m‡Ui ¶z`ªZg m`m¨ †KvbwU?
K4 L 14 15 N 16 K0 1 M9 N †bB
173. A = {x : x c~Y© msL¨v Ges x2 < 17} †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv
c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j nq−
K {1, 2, 3, 4} A B
L {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
 {− 4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} †iLvswKZ Ask †Kvb †mU wb‡`©k K‡i?
N {− 4, −3, −2, −1, 0} KAB L AB  (A  B) N (A  B)
174. 184. A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {4, 5, 6} n‡j, P(A  B) = ?
A B
 {{4, 5}, {4}, {5}, } L {{4}, {5}, }
M {{4, 5}, {4}} N {{4, 5}, {4}, {5}}
185. B †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU A n‡j−
i. A  B = A
†KvbwU Øviv Dc‡ii †fbwP‡Îi mv`v AskwU‡K †evSvq? ii. A  B = B
K {x : x  A A_ev x  B} L {x : x  A Ges x  B} iii. A − B = Ф
175. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A B
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
186. A = {a, b, c}, B = {a, b, c, q} n‡j P(A\B)−
i. GKwU duvKv †mU
Dc‡ii †fbwP‡Î `vMvw¼Z AskwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU wb‡`©k K‡i? ii. Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v k~b¨
KAB L AB A\B N B\A iii. Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 1
176. A = {9, 10, 11, 12} Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K {x  N : 9  x  12} L {x  N : 9  x 12} Ki L i I ii M i I iii  iii
M {x  N : 9  x  12}  {x  N : 9  x 12}
177. hw` A = {a, b, c} I B = {d, e, f} nq Z‡e P(A − B) Gi 187. A  B = {1, 2, 3} n‡j−
i. A = {1}, B = {2, 3} ii. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3}
m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? iii. A = {2, 3}, B = {1, 2, 3}
K9 8 M7 N6
178. x = {1, 2, 3}, y = {4, 5, 6} n‡j, x  y = KZ?
Ki L i I ii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
{} L {3} M {2, 4} N {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
179. (2x + 3y, − 4) = (10, 3x − 5y) n‡j, (x, y) Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 188 I 189 bs cÖ ‡ kœ i DËi `vI :
K (4, 4) L (3, 4) M (2, 3)  (2, 2) A B U
a f
180. M = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } n‡j, P(M) Gi msL¨v KZ? c
b d g
K8 L 10 M 12  16 e
q
181. A = {5, 6}, B{a, b} n‡j A  B KZ? P h
C
K {(5, 6), (a, b)} L {5, a),(5, b),(6, a),(6, b)
 {(5,a), (5,b),(6,a),(6,b)} N {5,a}, {5,b}, {6,a}, {6,b}
†fbwP‡Î U mvwe©K †mU Ges A, B, C Gi Dc‡mU n‡j−
182. C = {3, 5} Ges D = {2, 4} n‡j, C  D †m‡Ui KqwU
188. (A  B  C) Gi gvb †KvbwU?
Dcv`vb n‡e?  {p, q} L {a, b, f, h}
K2 4 M8 N 16 M {a, b, c, f, h, p, q} N {f, h, p, q}
183. 189. A\(A  B  C) Gi gvb †KvbwU?
K {a, b, e} L {a, b, c}  {a, b, c, e} N {a, b}
¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 1  U = {x : x  ℤ Ges x2 < 10}
cÖk- x=−1 n‡j, x2 = 1 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
A = {x : x, 12 Gi cÖK…Z ¸YbxqK} x=2 n‡j, x2 = 4 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
B = {x  N : x2 − 3x + 2 = 0} x=−2 n‡j, x2 = 4 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
C = {0, 1, 2, 3}. x=3 n‡j, x2 = 9 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
K. U †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 x=−3 n‡j, x2 = 9 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
L. (A  B) = A  B Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 x=4 n‡j, x2 = 16 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
M. P(C) wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h P(C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n x=−4 n‡j, x2 = 16 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
†K mg_©b K‡i| 4 AZGe, U = {− 3, − 2, − 1, ,0, 1, 2, 3} (Ans.)
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x, 12 Gi cÖK…Z ¸YbxqK}
12 Gi ¸YbxqK¸‡jv n‡jv = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}
K GLv‡b, U = {x : x  ℤ Ges x2 < 10} myZivs A = {x : x, 12 Gi ¸YbxqK} = {1, 2, 3}
GLv‡b, x mKj c~Y©msL¨v myZivs Avevi, B = {x  N : x2 − 3x + 2 = 0}
x=0 n‡j, x2 = 0 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
GLb, x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
x=1 n‡j, x2 = 1 hv k‡Z© gv‡b
ev, x2 − 2x − x + 2 = 0 ∴ evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
ev, x(x − 2) −1(x − 2) = 0 A_©vr P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ev, (x − 2) (x − 1) = 0 M. (B  C) = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {(2, 3, 4}
nq, x − 2 = 0 A_ev, x − 1 = 0
x=2 x=1
∴ evgcÿ = A  (B  C)
†h‡nZz x  N = {2, 3}  {2, 3, 4}
= {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
 B = {1, 2) Wvbcÿ = (A  B)  (A  C)
GLb, A  B = {1, 2, 3}  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3} = {2, 3}  {3, 4}  {2, 3}  {2, 4}
A = U − A = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}  {((2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} − {1, 2, 3} = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0} ∴ evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
B = U − B A_©vr A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). (cÖgvwYZ)
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} − {1, 2} œ 3  A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 8x + 15 = 0}
cÖk-
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 3} B = {1, 3}
evgcÿ = (A  B) C = {2, 3}
D = {a, b, c}
= U − (A  B)
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} − {1, 2, 3} K. A †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0} L. cÖgvY Ki †h, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4
Wvbcÿ = A  B M. P(D) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, P(D) Gi Dcv`vb
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0}  {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 3}
msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4
= {− 3, − 2, − 1, 0}  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 (A  B) = A  B (mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv) K †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 8x + 15 = 0}
M C = {0, 1, 2, 3} GLb, x2 − 8x + 15 = 0
P(C) = {{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {0, 1}, {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {1, 2}, ev, x2 − 5x − 3x + 15 = 0
{1, 3}, {2, 3}, {0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {0, 2, 3}, {0, 1 ev, x(x − 5) − 3(x − 5) = 0
, 3}, {0, 1, 2, 3}, } ev, (x − 5) (x − 3) = 0
GLv‡b, P(C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 16wU
 nq, (x − 5) = 0 A_ev, (x − 3) = 0
GLv‡b C †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v = 4
ev, x = 5 ev, x = 3
 P(C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 16 = 24
 A = {3, 5} (Ans.)
 C †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v n n‡j P(C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {1, 3} Ges C = {2, 3}
†K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, A = {3, 5}
œ 2  A = {x N : x2 − 5x + 6 = 0}, B = {3, 4}, C = {2, 4}.
cÖk- (BC) = {1, 3}  {2, 3} = {3}
A  B = {3, 5}  {1, 3}
K. A †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 = {(3, 1) (3, 3) (5, 1), (5, 3)}
L. †`LvI †h, P(BC) = P(B)P(C). 4 A  C = {3, 5}  {2, 3}
= {(3, 2) (3, 3), (5, 2) (5, 3)}
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4
evgcÿ = A  (BC) = (3, 5)  {3}
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Wvbcÿ = (A  B)  (A  C)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x  N : x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 = {(3, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1), (5, 3)}  {(3, 2), (3,3), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
GLb, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 = {(3, 3), (5, 3)}
ev, x2 − 2x − 3x + 6 = 0 A_©vr, A  (BC) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, x(x − 2) −3(x − 2) = 0 M †Ìqv Av‡Q, D = {a, b, c}
ev, (x − 2) (x − 3) = 0 P(D) = {{a, b, c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a}, {b}, {c}, }
nq, x − 2 = 0 A_ev, x − 3 = 0 D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v, n = 3
ev, x = 2 ev, x = 3 P(D) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 8 = 23wU
 P(D) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
∴ A = {2, 3} Ans.
œ 4  A = {x t x  N Ges x2 − 5x + 6 = 0}
cÖk-
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {3, 4} Ges C = {2, 4} B = { 1, 4}
∴ (B  C) = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {4} C = { a, 4}
evgcÿ = P (B  C) = {{4}, } K. A †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z wbY©q Ki| 2
Avevi, P(B) = {{3, 4}, {3}, {4}, } L. P(B  C) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, P(B  C)
P(C) = {{2, 4}, {2}, {4}, } Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4
Wvbcÿ = P(B)  P(C) M. †`LvI †h, A  (B C) = (A  B)  (A  C) 4
= {{3, 4}, {3}, {4}, }  {{2, 4}, {2}, {4}, }  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= {{4}, }
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 5x + 6 = 0} †Ìqv Av‡Q, D = B − C = {2, 4, 6} − {1, 2, 3, 6} = {4}
GLb, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 GLb, (B  C) = {2, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
ev, x2 − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0  (B  C)  D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}  {4}
= {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (6, 4)} (Ans.)
ev, x (x − 3) − 2 (x − 3) = 0
œ 6  P = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 7x + 6 = 0}
cÖk-
ev. (x − 3) (x − 2) = 0
Q = (x : x  N Ges 1  x  5)
nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, x − 2 = 0
 x=3  x=2 R = {2, 4, 6} n‡j−
 A = {2, 3} (Ans.) K. P †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {1, 4} Ges C = {a, 4} L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = (P  Q) \(P Q) 4
(BC) = {1, 4}  {a, 4} = {1, 4, a} M. †`LvI †h, P  (Q  R) = (P  Q)  (P  R) 4
 P (BC) = {1, 4, a}, {1, 4}, {4, a}, {1, a}, {1}, {4},  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
{a},}
(BC) †m‡Ui m`m¨ msL¨v, n = 3 K †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 7x + 6 = 0}
P (BC) †m‡Ui m`m¨ msL¨v = 8 = 23; hv 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| Avgiv Rvwb, ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU, N = {1, 2, 3 ........}
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) GLb, x2 − 7x + 6 = 0
M ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, A = {2, 3} ev, x2 − 6x − x + 6 = 0
 (BC) = {1, 4}  {a, 4} = {4} ev, x(x − 6) −1(x − 6) = 0
(A  B) = {2, 3}  {1, 4} = {(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)} ev, (x − 1) (x − 1) = 0
(A  C) = {2, 3}  {a, 4} = {(2, a), (2, 4), (3, a), (3, 4)} nq, x − 6 = 0 A_ev, x − 1 = 0
evgcÿ = A  (BC) = {2, 3}  {4} = {(2, 4), (3, 4)} ∴x=6 x=1
Wvbcÿ = (A  B)  (A  C)
= {(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)}  {(2, a), (2, 4), ∴ P = {1, 6} (Ans.)
(3, a), (3, 4)} L ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB P = {1, 6)
= {(2, 4), (3, 4)}. †Ìqv Av‡Q, Q = {x : x  N Ges 1 x < 5}
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ Q = {1, 2, 3, 4}
A_©vr A  (BC) = (A  B)  (A  C) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) GLb, P \ Q = {1, 6}\ {1, 2, 3, 4} = {6}
œ 5  U = {x : x  N Ges x  7}
cÖk- Q \ P = {1, 2, 3, 4} \ {1, 6} = {2, 3, 4}
A = {x : x  N , x2 > 8 Ges x3 < 220} ∴ evgcÿ = (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = {6}  (2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
B = {x : x  N , x †Rvo msL¨v Ges x < 8} Avevi, P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
C = {x : x  N I x, 6 Gi ¸YbxqK} P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1}
K. A †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 ∴ Wvbcÿ = (P  Q) \ (P  Q)
L. P(A  B) wbY©q Ki| 4 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} \ {1} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
M. D = B − C n‡j (B  C)  D wbY©q Ki| 4 A_©vr, (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = (P  Q) \ (P  Q). (cÖgvwYZ)
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, P = {1, 6}, Q = {1, 2, 3, 4}
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x  N , x2  8 Ges x3 < 220} †Ìqv Av‡Q, R = {2, 4, 6}
GLv‡b x ¯^vfvweK msL¨v A_©vr N = {1, 2, 3 ....} GLb, Q  R = {1, 2, 3, 4}  {2, 4, 6} = {1,2, 3, 4, 6}
GLb, 12 = 1  8 Ges 13 = 1  220 evgcÿ = P  (Q  R)
= {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
22 = 4  8 Ges 23 = 8  220
= {(1, 1), (1, 2),(1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2),
32 = 9  8 Ges 33 = 27  220 (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
42 = 16  8 Ges 43 = 64  220 Avevi, P  Q = {1, 6}  (1, 2, 3, 4}
52 = 25  8 Ges 53 = 125  220 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2),
62 = 36  8 Ges 63 = 216  220 (6, 3), (6, 4)}
72 = 49  8 Ges 73 = 343 > 220 P  R = {1, 6}  {2, 4, 6}
 A = {3, 4, 5, 6} (Ans.) = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {x : x  x Ges x  7} Wvbcÿ = (P  Q)  (P  R)
ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z U †K cÖKvk K‡i cvB, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3),
(6, 4)}  {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, A = {3, 4, 5, 6} = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2),
B †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk K‡i cvB, B = {2, 4, 6} (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
C †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk K‡i cvB, A_©vr, P  (Q  R) = (P  Q)  (P  R) (cÖgvwYZ)
C = {1, 2, 3, 6}
 A = U − A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {3, 4, 5, 6} = {1, 2, 7}
œ 7  U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
cÖk-
B = U − B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {2, 4, 6} A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − (a + b)x + ab = 0}
= {1, 3, 5,7} B = {x : x  N ; x2 > 15 Ges x3 < 225}
 A  B = {1, 2, 7}  {1, 3, 5, 7} = {1, 7} C = {x  N ; 4 < x  7}
 (A  B) = {{1}, {7}, {1, 7}, } (Ans.)
M ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, B = {2, 4, 6}, C = {1, 2, 3, 6}
K. A †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| œ 9  U = {x : x abvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v Ges 4 ≤ x < 10}
2 cÖk-
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (B  C) = B  C 4 M = {4, 6, 8}, N = {5, 7, 9}
M. A  (B  C) Ges A  (B  C) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
Ges D = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 9x + 20 = 0} PviwU †mU|
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. D †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x  N Ges x − (a + b)x + ab = 0}
2 L. M  N Ges N  (D  M) wbY© q Ki| 4
GLb, x − (a + b)x + ab = 0
2 M. †`LvI †h, D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v n n‡j P(D) Gwi
ev, x2 − ax − bx + ab = 0 Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4
ev, x(x − a) − b(x − a = 0  9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, (x − a) (x − b) = 0 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, D = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 9x + 20 = 0}
nq, (x − a) = 0 A_ev, x − b = 0 Avgiv Rvwb, ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU, N = {1, 2, 3, .........}
ev, x = a ev, x = b GLb, x2 − 9x + 20 = 0
 A †m‡Ui ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvwkZ iƒc n‡jv : ev, x2 − 5x − 4x + 20 = 0
A = {a, b}. (Ans.) ev, x(x − 5) − 4(x − 5) = 0
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {x : x  N ; x2 > 15 Ges x3 < 225} ev, (x − 5) (x − 4) = 0
¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU, N = {1, 2, 3 ........} nq, x − 5 = 0 A_ev, x − 4 = 0
x = 1 n‡j, x2 = 1 >/ 15 Ges x3 = 1 < 225 x=5 x=4
x = 2 n‡j, x2 = 4 >/ 15 Ges x3 = 8 < 225  D = {4, 5}
x = 3 n‡j, x2 = 9 >/ 15 Ges x3 = 27 < 225 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, M = {4, 6, 8} Ges N = {5, 7, 9}
x = 4 n‡j, x2 = 16 > 15 Ges x3 = 64 < 225 ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, D = {4, 5}
x = 5 n‡j, x2 = 25 > 15 Ges x3 = 125 < 225  M  N = {4, 6, 8}  {5, 7, 9}
= {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} (Ans.)
x = 6 n‡j, x = 36 > 15 Ges x = 216 < 225
2 3
Avevi, D  M = {4, 5}  {4, 6, 8} = {4}
x = 7 n‡j, x2 = 49 > 15 Ges x3 = 343 </ 225
 N  (D  M) = {5, 7, 9}  {4} = {(5, 4), (7, 4), (9, 4)} (Ans.)
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq 4, 5, 6, B †m‡Ui kZ© c~iY M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {x : x abvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v Ges 4 ≤ x < 10}
K‡i|  U = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 B = {4, 5, 6} ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, D = {4, 5}
Avevi C †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j cvB, C = {5, 6, 7}  D = U − D = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} − {4, 5} = {6, 7, 8, 9}
 B = U − B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {4, 5, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 7}  P(D) = {{6, 7, 8, 9}, {6, 7, 8}, {6, 7, 9}, {7, 8, 9},
C = U − C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 4} {6, 8, 9}, {6, 7}, {6, 8}, {6, 9}, {7, 8}, {7, 9}, {8, 9},
(BC) = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {4, 5, 6, 7} {6}, {7}, {8}, {9}, }
evgcÿ = (BC) GLv‡b, P(D) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 16 = 24
= U − (BC) wKš‘ D-Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 4
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3}  D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v n n‡j, P(D) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n
Wvbcÿ = BC = {1, 2, 3, 7}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3} †K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
 (BC) = B  C (cÖgvwYZ) œ 10  U = {x  N : 1 ≤ x  8}
cÖk-
M ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, A = {a, b} A = {x  N : x2  14 Ges x  22}, B = {x  N : 4 
3
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, B = {4, 5, 6} x ≤ 7} Ges C = A  B

C = {5, 6, 7} K. U Ges A †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
Ges B  C = {4, 5, 6, 7} L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (A  B) = A  B 4
 BC = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {5, 6} M. P(C) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, P(C) †m‡Ui
GLb, Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †m mg_©b K‡i| 4
A  (BC) = {a, b}  {4, 5, 6, 7}
= {(a, 4), (a, 5), (a, 6), (a, 7), (b, 4), (b, 5), (b, 6), (b, 7)} (Ans.)  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A  (BC) = {a, b}  {5, 6} K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {x  N : 1 ≤ x  8}
= {(a, 5), (a, 6), (b, 5), (b, 6)} (Ans.)
A = {x  N : x2  14 Ges x  222}
3
œ 8  A, B, C wZbwU †mU †hLv‡b,

cÖk- Avgiv Rvwb, ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU N = {1, 2, 3, ...........}
A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 5x + 6 = 0}  U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} (Ans.)
B = {1, 3} Ges C = {3, 5} GLb,
K. A †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 x = 3 n‡j x2 = 32 = 9  14 Ges x3 = 33 = 27  222; kZ© gv‡b bv
L. †`LvI †h, P(A  C) = P(A)  P(C). 4 x = 4 " x2 = 42 = 16  14 Ges x3 = 43 = 64  222; kZ© gv‡b
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, (A  B)  (A  C) = A  (B  C). 4 x = 5 " x2 = 52 = 25  14 Ges x3 = 53 = 125  222; kZ© gv‡b
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x = 6 " x2 = 62 = 36  14 Ges x3 = 63 = 216  222; kZ© gv‡b
x = 7 " x2 = 72 = 49  14 Ges x3 = 73 = 343  222; kZ© gv‡b bv
m„Rbkxj 2bs mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc|
 A = {4, 5, 6} (Ans.)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {x  N : 4  x ≤ 7} = {5, 6, 7}  A  B = {3, 6, 9}  {2, 3} = {2, 3, 6, 9}
Ges ÔKÕ n‡Z, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {4, 5, 6}  P(A  B) = {{2}, {3}, {6}, {9}, {2, 3}, {2, 6}, {2, 9},
 A  B = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {5, 6} {3, 6}, {3, 9}, {6, 9}, {2, 3, 6}, {2, 3, 9}, {2, 6, 9}, {3, 6,
GLb, A  B) = U − (A  B) 9}, {2, 3, 6, 9}, }
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {5, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 7}  P(A  B) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 16
A = U − A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {4, 5, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 7} GLv‡b, A  B Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v, n = 4
Ges B = U − B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 4}  P(A  B) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 16 = 24
GLb, A  B = {1, 2, 3, 7}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 7} hv 2n †m mg_©b K‡i|
 (A  B) = A  B (cÖgvwYZ)  P(A  B) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = A  B = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {4, 5, 6, 7}
 P(C) = {, {4}, {5}, {6}, {7}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {4, 7},
{5, 6}, {5, 7}, {6, 7}, {4, 5, 6}, {4, 5, 7}, {4, 6, 7 {5, 6,
7}, {4, 5, 6, 7}}
GLv‡b, C †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v = 4 = n (awi)
 P(C) †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v = 16 = 24 = 2n
 P(C) †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v, 2n †m mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
œ 11  A = {x  N : x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  12}

cÖk-
B = {x  N : 1  x  4} Ges C = {4, 5, 6}
K. A †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) 4
M. P(A  B) wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h, A  B Gi
Dcv`vb msL¨v n n‡j, P(A  B) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v
2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4
K. †h me ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 12 A‡cÿv †QvU Ges 3 Gi ¸wYZK Zv
n‡jv 3, 6, 9|
 A = {3, 6, 9} (Ans.)
L. A = {3, 6, 9}
B = {x  N : 1  x  4} = {2, 3}
GLb, A  B = {3, 6, 9}  {2, 3} = {3}
 (A  B)  C = {3}  {4, 5, 6} = {3, 4}, {3, 5}, {3, 6)}
Avevi, A  C = {3, 6, 9}  {4, 5, 6}
= {(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6),
(9, 4), (9, 5), (9, 6)}
Ges B  C = {2, 3}  {4, 5, 6}
= {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
 (A  C)  (B  C) = {(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
 (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) (cÖgvwYZ)
M. A = {3, 6, 9}
B = {x  N : 1  x  4} = {2, 3}

œ 12  C = {−9, − 6, −3, 3, 6, 9} Ges
cÖk- GLv‡b, y = 0 n‡j, y2 = 02 = 0  27
Q = {y : y c~Y© msL¨v Ges y2  27} Ges `yBwU †mU| y = 1 n‡j, y2 = (1)2 = 1  27
K. C †mUwU‡K †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 y = 2 n‡j, y2 = (2)2 = 4  27
L. Q †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 4 y = 3 n‡j, y2 = (3)2 = 9  27
M. C  Q Ges C  Q wbY©q Ki| 4 y = 4 n‡j, y2 = (4)2 = 16  27
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  y = 5 n‡j, y2 = (5)2 = 25  27
y = 6 n‡j, y2 = (6)2 = 36 </ 27
K. C = {x : x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK Ges − 9  x  9}            
L. Q = {y : y c~Y© msL¨v Ges y2  27}            
 Q = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
c~Y© msL¨ mg~n : 0, 1,  2, 3,  4, 5, 
= {−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
M. C  Q = {−9, −6, − 3, 3, 6, 9}  {−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (x y ) (
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2 + 3 1 = 1 3 + 2
x y
)
= {− 9, − 6, − 4, − 3, − 2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9} (Ans.) µg‡Rv‡oi kZ©g‡Z,
C  Q = {− 9, −6, −3, 3, 6, 9}  {−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} x y
= {−3, 3} (Ans.) + =1
2 3
œ 13  U = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}, E = {1, 5, 9} Ges F = {3, 7,
cÖk- 3x + 2y
ev, 6 = 1
11} wZbwU †mU|
K. Ec wbY©q Ki| 2  3x + 2y = 6  (i)
x y
L. Ec  Fc Ges Ec  Fc wbY©q Ki| 4 Ges 3 + 2 = 1
M. P(Fc) wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, P(Fc) Gi Dcv`vb 2x + 3y
msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4 ev, 6 = 1
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   2x + 3y = 6  (ii)
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY †RvU 3x + 2y = 6; 2x + 3y = 6
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}, E = {1, 5, 9} Ges
F = {3, 7, 11} L. (i)  3 − (ii)  2 K‡i cvB,
GLb, Ec = U − E 9x + 6y − (4x + 6y) = 18 − 12
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} − {1, 5, 9} ev, 9x + 6y − 4x − 6y = 6
= {3, 7, 11} Ans. ev, 5x = 6
L. Fc = U − F x=
6
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} − {3, 7, 11} = {1, 5, 9} 5
 Ec  Fc = {3, 7, 11}  {1, 5, 9} x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11} (Ans.) 6
3 + 2y = 6
Ges Ec  Fc= {3, 7, 11}  {1, 5, 9} =  (Ans.) 5
18
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, Fc = {1, 5, 9} ev, 5 + 2y = 6
c
 P(F ) = {{1}, {5}, {9}, {1, 5}, {1,9}, {5,9}, {1, 5, 9}, }
F †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v 3 Ges Gi kw³ †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v
c ev, 2y = 6 − 18
5
= 8 = 23 = 2n. ev, 2y = 30 −5 18
A_©vr †Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v n n‡j, H †m‡Ui kw³
†m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, 2y = 12
5
6 6
 y = 5  x = y = 5 (Ans.)
œ 14  x I y Pj‡Ki †h‡Kv‡bv µg‡Rvo|
cÖk- M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = {1, 2, 3}, Q = {3, 4}
x y x y
( 2 3 ) (
+  1 = 1 +
3 2 ) Ges P = {1, 2, 3}, Q = {3, 4} Ges R = {x, y} = {56 65} [L n‡Z gvb ewm‡q]
K. µg‡Rv‡oi kZ© †_‡K GKwU mgxKiY †RvU MVb Ki| 2
GLb, P  Q = {1, 2, 3}  {3, 4} = {3}
L. (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4
M. R = {x, y} n‡j (P  Q)  R Ges (P  Q)  Q
wbY©q Ki| 4
 (P  Q)  R = {3}  {56 65}= (3 65) (3 65) (Ans.)
Ges (P  Q)  Q = {3}  {3, 4} = {(3, 3), (3, 4)} (Ans.)

œ 15  A, B, C wZbwU †mU †Ìqv Av‡Q|
cÖk- x = 2 n‡j, 22 = 4 <10 Ges 23 = 8 <100
A = {x  N : x < 30 Ges x †gŠwjK msL¨v} x = 3 n‡j, 32 = 9 <10 Ges 33 = 27 < 100
B = {x  N : x2 > 10 Ges x3 < 100} x = 4 n‡j, 42 = 16 > 10 Ges 43 = 64 < 100
C = {x  N : x < 19 Ges x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK} x = 5 n‡j, 52 = 25 > 10 Ges 53 = 125 > 100 hv cÖ`Ë kZ© gv‡b bv|
K. A I B †mU‡K K_vq cÖKvk Ki Ges ZvwjKv  x = 4 n‡j, cÖ`Ë kZ© gv‡b|
c×wZ‡Z †jL| 2  B = {4} Ans.
L. †`LvI †h, (A  B)  C wb‡ñ` †mU| 4 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
M. A †K mvwe©K †mU a‡i (B  C) = B  C Ges B = {4}
m¤úK©wUi mZ¨Zv cixÿv Ki| 4  A  B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}  (4) = 
C = {x  N : x <19 Ges x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK}
3 Gi ¸wYZK wKš‘ 19 Gi †P‡q †QvU Giƒc msL¨v¸‡jv
K. †hme †gŠwjK msL¨v 30 Gi †QvU Zv‡ì †mU A h_vµ‡g 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} Kv‡RB, C = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
†hme ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi eM© 10 †_‡K eo Ges Nb 100 †_‡K  (A  B)  C =   {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} = 
†QvU Zv‡ì †mU B| (A  B)  C Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY Dcv`vb †bB| myZivs
GLv‡b, x = 1 n‡j, 12 = 1 <10 Ges 13 = 1 < 100 (A  B)  C wb‡ñ` †mU| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} M. †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 142 Ges 220 †K fvM Ki‡j cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î
Ges B = {4} 12 Aewkó _v‡K, †m msL¨vwU 12 A‡cÿv eo Ges msL¨vwU (142 − 12)
ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, C = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} ev, 130 I (220 − 12) ev, 208 Gi mvaviY ¸YbxqK|
(B  C) = {4}  {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} g‡b Kwi, 12 A‡cÿv eo 130 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU = A Ges
= {3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} 12 A‡cÿv eo 208 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU = B
evgcÿ = (B  C)  A = {13, 26, 65, 130}
= A − (B  C) Ges B = {13, 16, 26, 52, 104, 208}
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} −  A  B = {13, 26}
{3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} wb‡Y©q †mU = {13, 26}
= {2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
Avevi, B = A − B œ 17  mvwe©K †mU, U = {x : x  N Ges x  6}
cÖk-
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} − {4} A = {x : x N, x we‡Rvo msL¨v Ges x  6}
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
B = {x : x N, x †Rvo msL¨v Ges x  6}
C = A − C
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, K. U †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
23, 29} − {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18} L. (A  B)= A  B Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
= {2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} M. C = B − (A  B) n‡j P(C) wbY©q Ki| 4
Wvbcÿ = B  C
= { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}   17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
{2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {x : x N Ges x  6}
= {2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
Avgiv Rvwb, ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU, N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, }
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
wb‡Y©q †mU, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (Ans.)
myZivs m¤úK©wU mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv|
L. †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk K‡i cvB,
œ 16  A I B h_vµ‡g 105 I 147 Gi mKj Drcv`‡Ki †mU|
cÖk-
A = {1, 3, 5} Ges B = {2, 4, 6}
K. A I B wbY©q Ki| 2 AZGe, A  B = {1, 3, 5}  {2, 4, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
L. †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 105 Ges 147 †K fvM Ki‡j (A  B)= U − (A  B)
cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 35 Aewkó _v‡K Zv‡ì †mU wbY©q Ki| 4 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} − {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} = 
M. †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 142 Ges 220 †K fvM Ki‡j Avevi, A = U − A
cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 12 Aewkó _v‡K, Zv‡ì †mU wbY©q Ki| 4 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} − {1, 3, 5} = {2, 4, 6}
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Ges B = U− B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} − {2, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 5}
K. 3 105  105 = 1  105 AZGe, A  B = {2, 4, 6}  {1, 3, 5} = 
5 35 = 3  35 myZivs (A  B)= A  B (mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv)
7 = 5  21 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, A  B= 
= 7  15
 C = B − (A  B) = {2, 4, 6} −  = {2, 4, 6}
 105 Gi ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi Drcv`Kmg~n h_vµ‡g 1, 3, 5, 7,
15, 21, 35, 105
GLb, P(C) = {{2}, {4}, {6}, {2,4}, {2, 6}, {4, 6}, {2, 4, 6}, } (Ans.)
Avevi, 3 147  147 = 1  147 œ 18  mvwe©K †mU U = {x : x  IN , x  7}, A = {1, 3, 5},
cÖk-
7 49 = 3  49
B = {2, 4, 6}, C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} n‡j,
= 7  21
7 K. A wbY©q Ki| 2
 147 Gi ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi Drcv`Kmg~n h_vµ‡g 1, 3, 7, 21, 49, 147 L. †fbwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI †h, (A  B) = A  B 4
myZivs A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 35, 105} (Ans.) M. †fbwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI †h, (A  B)  C =
Ges B = {1, 3, 7, 21, 49, 147} (A  C)  (B  C) 4
L. †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 105 Ges 147 †K fvM Ki‡j cÖwZ  18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
†ÿ‡Î 35 Aewkó _v‡K, †m msL¨v¸‡jv n‡e 35 A‡cÿv eo Ges
†m msL¨v¸‡jv Øviv (105 − 35) ev 70 Ges (147 − 35) ev, 112 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, U = {x : x  IN , x  7} Ges A = {1, 3, 5}
wefvR¨ n‡e| A_©vr 70 I 112 Gi mvaviY ¸YbxqK n‡e| U †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z wjL‡j cvB, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
g‡b Kwi, 35 A‡cÿv eo 70 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU = A  A = U − A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {1, 3, 5} = {2, 4, 6, 7} (Ans.)
Ges 35 A‡cÿv eo 112 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU = B L. wP‡Î GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ Øviv U Ges ci¯úi‡”Q`x `yBwU e„Ë‡ÿÎ
GLb 35 A‡cÿv eo 70 Gi ¸YbxqK n‡jv 70 Øviv h_vµ‡g A, B †mU‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv,
 A = {70} †mU Dcv`vb
7 U
Avevi, 35 A‡cÿv eo 112 Gi ¸Ybxq¸‡jv h_vµ‡g 56 I 112 AB 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6
2
1 3
 B = {56, 112} (A  B) 7 4
†h‡nZz A I B †m‡U 35 A‡cÿv eo mvaviY Drcv`K †bB; A 2, 4, 6, 7 5 6
 A  B = { } ev  B 1, 3, 5, 7 A B
wb‡Y©q †mU =  
A B  7
 (A  B) = A  B (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. wP‡Î GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ Øviv U Ges ci¯úi‡”Q`x wZbwU e„Ë‡ÿÎ K. wb‡Pi †fbwPÎwU jÿ Kwi| GLv‡b AvqZvKvi †ÿÎ D³ †kªwYi
Øviv h_vµ‡g A, B, C †mU‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv| mKj Qv‡Îi †mU U wb‡`©k K‡i| F Ges C e„ËvKvi †ÿÎ `ywU
†mU Dcv`vb A h_vµ‡g dzUej †L‡jvqvo Ges wµ‡KU †L‡jvqvo QvÎ‡ì †mU
AB 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6
1 2
B wb‡`©k K‡i| †fbwPÎwU wZbwU wb‡ñ` †m‡U wef³ n‡q‡Q,
(A  B)  C 3, 4, 5, 6 3
5 46 hv‡ì A1, A2 Ges A3 Øviv wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv|
AC 3, 5 7
C C F U
BC 4, 6
(AC)(BC) 3, 4, 5, 6 A1 A2 A3
 (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
œ 19  wb‡Pi †fbwP‡Î GKwU †m‡Ui msNUb †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
cÖk-
7 U
L. GLv‡b, A2 = (C  F)
B
A
6 1 = wµ‡KU Ges dzUej Dfq †Ljvq Ask MÖnYKvix
4
3 5
Qv‡Îi †mU|
2 Ges msL¨v = 6
8
A1 = (C  F)
9
C = ïaygvÎ wµ‡KU †Ljvq AskMÖnYKvix Qv‡Îi †mU
Ges msL¨v = 15 − 6 = 9
K. A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
A3 = (C  F)
L. (A − B)  (B − C) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = ïaygvÎ dzUej †Ljvq AskMÖnYKvix Qv‡Îi †mU
M. wb‡Pi m¤úK©wUi mZ¨Zv cixÿv Ki : (A  B)  C Ges msL¨v = 11 − 6 = 5
= (A  C)  (B  C) 4 Zvn‡j n (C  F) = n(A1)  n(A2)  n(A3)
 19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 9 + 6 + 5 = 20
 H †kªwY‡Z 20 Rb QvÎ Av‡Q|
K. †fbwPÎ n‡Z Avgiv cvB, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} Ges
A = {2, 4, 6}
M. †gvU Qv‡Îi †mU, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Avgiv Rvwb, A = U − A wµ‡KU †L‡jvqv‡oi †mU, C = {2, 4, 6, 8}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} − {2, 4, 6} dzUej †L‡jvqv‡oi †mU, F = {2, 3, 5}
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9} (Ans.) Zvn‡j, C = U − C
L. †fbwPÎ n‡Z, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} − {2, 4, 6, 8}
A = {2, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 5, 7}
B = {1, 3, 5} F = U − F
Ges C = (2, 3, 4) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} − {2, 3, 5}
Zvn‡j, A − B = {2, 4, 6} − {1, 3, 5} = {2, 4, 6} = {1, 4, 6, 7, 8}
Ges B − C = {1, 3, 5} − {2, 3, 4} = {1, 5} myZivs (C  F) = {2, 4, 6, 8}  {2, 3, 5}
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}
myZivs (A − B)  (B − C) = {2, 4, 6}  {1, 5} Ges (C  F) = U − (C  F)
= {1, 2, 4, 5, 6} (Ans.)
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} − {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8} = {1, 7}
M. †fbwPÎ n‡Z, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} C  F = {1, 3, 5, 7}  {1, 4, 6, 7, 8} = {1, 7}
A = {2, 4, 6}
B = {1, 3, 5}
ZvB C  F = {1, 7} = (C  F)
Ges C = (2, 3, 4} wb‡Pi †fbwP‡Î `vMvw¼Z AskwU C  F A_ev, (C  F)
Zvn‡j (A  B) = {2, 4, 6}  {1, 3, 5} = { } cÖKvk K‡i, hv Øviv †evSv hvq Giv ci¯úi mgvb|
(A  C) = {2, 4, 6}  {2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
(B  C) = {1, 3, 5}  {2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
evgcÿ = (A  B)  C = { }  {2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 4} C F
Wvbcÿ = (A  C)  (B  C) = {2, 3, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 4}
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) œ 21  A = {a, b, c}, B = {p, q} Ges C = {q, r} wZbwU †mU|
cÖk-
(m¤úK©wUi mZ¨Zv cixÿv Kiv n‡jv)
œ 20  †Kv‡bv GKwU †kªwY‡Z †gvU Qv‡Îi g‡a¨ 15 Rb wµ‡KU
cÖk- K. P (A) wbY©q Ki| 2
†L‡j, 11 Rb dzUej †L‡j Ges 6 Rb wµ‡KU I dzUej `ywUB †L‡j| L. A  B Ges B  A wbY©q Ki| 4
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨mg~n‡K †fbwP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 M. A  (B  C) Ges A  (B  C) wbY©q Ki| 4
L. hw` cÖ‡Z¨‡K AšÍZc‡ÿ DwjøwLZ †Ljvi GKwU  21bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
†L‡j Z‡e H †kªwY‡Z KZRb QvÎ Av‡Q? 4 K. A Gi Dc‡mU¸‡jv n‡jv, {a}, {b}, {c}, {a, b}, {a, c},
M. hw` U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, C = {2, 4, 6, 8} Ges {b, c}, {a, b, c}, 
F = {2, 3, 5} nq Z‡e †`LvI †h, C F = (C   P (A) = { { a }, {b}, {c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c},
F) (†fbwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki) 4 {a, b, c},  } (Ans.)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {a, b, c}, B = {p, q}
 20bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb, A  B = {a, b, c}  {p, q}
= {(a, p), (a, q), (b, p), (b, q), (c, p), (c, q)} (Ans.)
B  A = { p, q}  {a, b, c} K. mswÿß weeiYmn Z_¨¸‡jv‡K †fbwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
= {(p, a), (p, b), (p, c), (q, a), (q, b), (q, c)} (Ans.) †`LvI| 2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {a, b, c}, B = {p, q}, C = {q, r} L. kZKiv KZRb wkÿv_©x Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i
GLb, B  C = {p, q}  {q, r} = {p, q, r} bv Zv wbY©q Ki| 4
Ges B  C = {p, q}  {q, r} = {q} M. ïay gvQ cQ›` K‡i Ges ïay gvsm cQ›` K‡i Ggb
 A  (B  C) = {a, b, c}  {p, q, r} wkÿv_©x msL¨vi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU‡K h_vµ‡g A I B
= {(a, p), (a, q), (a, r), (b, p), (b, q), (b, r),
(c, p), (c, q), (c, r)} a‡i Kv‡Z©mxq ¸Y‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
 A  (B  C) = {a, b, c}  {q} (µg‡Rv‡o A Gi Ae¯’vb cÖ_g we‡eP¨)| 4
= {(a, q), (b, q), (c, q)} (Ans.)  23bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
œ 22  †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU µg‡Rvo (x − a, y + 2a) = (y − 2a,
cÖk-
2x + a) n‡j K. QvÎvev‡mi wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ 55% gvQ, 65% gvsm Ges 30%
K. µg‡Rvo †_‡K GKwU mgxKiY †RvU wbY©q Ki| 2 Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i|
L. mgxKiY †RvU n‡Z (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4 S FU
M. hw` x I y, B †mU MVb K‡i Ges A = {a, 2a}, 25%
P2
30% 35%
C = {3a, 4a} nq Z‡e A  ( B  C) Ges gvQ gvQ gvsm
P1
A  (B  C) wbY©q Ki| 4 gvsm P3
 22bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  P4=10%
GLv‡b †mU U Øviv H QvÎvev‡mi wkÿv_©x‡ì cQ‡›ì kZKiv

K. cÖ`Ë µg‡Rvo, (x − a, y + 2a) = (y − 2a, 2x + a) nvi †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| gvQ cQ›` K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©xi †mU F, gvsm
µg‡Rv‡oi wbqgvbymv‡i, x − a = y − 2a cQ›` K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©xi †mU M Ges Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›`
ev, x − y = − 2a + a K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©xi †mU P2
x−y=−a L. GLv‡b, P2 = S  F = Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` Kiv wkÿv_©x‡ì
Ges y + 2a = 2x + a †mU Ges m`m¨ msL¨v n(P2) = 30 Rb|
ev, y − 2x = a − 2a P1 = F\P2 = ïay gvQ cQ›` K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©x‡ì †mU Ges
ev, y − 2x = − a m`m¨ msL¨v n(P1) = (55 − 30) Rb = 25 Rb|
ev, 2x − y = a [Dfq cÿ‡K − 1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] P3 = M\P2 = ïay gvsm cQ›` K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©x‡ì †mU
x−y=−a  m`m¨ msL¨v n(P3) = (65 − 30) Rb = 35 Rb|
Ges 2x − y = a
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY †RvU (Ans.)
GLb Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i Ggb wkÿv_©x‡ì †mU F  M.
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß mgxKiY †RvU  F  M = P 1  P2  P3
x − y = − a  (i)  n(F  M) = 25 + 30 + 35 = 90
2x − y = a  (ii) Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i bv Ggb wkÿv_©xi †mU = P4
mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z (i) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,  n(P4) = n(U) − n(F  M) = 100 − 90 = 10
2x − y = a kZKiv 10 Rb wkÿv_©x Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i bv| (Ans.)
x−y =−a
(−) (+) (+)
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, ïaygvÎ gvQ cQ›` K‡i = 25 Rb
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Ges ïaygvÎ gvsm cQ›` K‡i = 35 Rb
x = 2a 25 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU = A
 x = 2a 25 Gi ¸YbxqKmg~n n‡jv : 1, 5, 25
x Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,  A = {1, 5, 25}
2a − y = − a Avevi, 35 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU = B
ev, − y = − a − 2a 35 Gi ¸YbxqKmg~n n‡jv : 1, 5, 7, 35
ev, − y = − 3a  y = 3a  B = {1, 5, 7, 35}
 (x, y) = (2a, 3a) (Ans.) A I B Gi Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  A  B = {1, 5, 25}  {1, 5, 7, 35}
A = {a, 2a} = {(1, 1), (1, 5), (1, 7), (1, 35), (5, 1), (5, 5),
B = {2a, 3a} [ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß] (5, 7), (5, 35), (25, 1), (25, 5), (25, 7), (25, 35)} (Ans.)
Ges C = {3a, 4a} œ 24 
cÖk-
U
GLb, B  C = {2a, 3a}  {3a, 4a} = {2a, 3a, 4a} P R
B  C = {2a, 3a}  {3a, 4a} = {3a} 4 8 5
GLb, A  (B  C) = {a, 2a}  {2a, 3a, 4a} 1
2
= {(a, 2a), (a, 3a), (a, 4a), (2a, 2a), 7
(2a, 3a), (2a, 4a)} (Ans.) Q 3
Avevi, K. U Ges P †mUØq‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2

A  (B  C) = {a, 2a}  {3a} = { (a, 3a), (2a, 3a)} (Ans.) L. Q †mUwU †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z wjL Ges †`LvI †h,
œ 23  †Kv‡bv we`¨vj‡qi QvÎvev‡mi wkÿv_©x‡ì 55% gvQ, 65%
cÖk- P Q = {x : x  N Ges x2  5} 4
gvsm Ges 30% wkÿv_©x Dfq cÖKvi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i|  
M. †fbwPÎ n‡Z cÖgvY Ki †h, (QR) = Q R  4
 24bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. †fbwPÎ n‡Z cvB, Q = {1, 2, 3}, R = {1, 5, 8}
QR = {1, 2, 3}  {1, 5, 8} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8}
K. †fbwPÎ n‡Z cvB,
 (QR) = U − (QR)
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}
P = {1, 2, 4, 8} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8} − {1, 2, 3, 5, 8} = {4, 7}
Q = U − Q = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8} − {1, 2, 3} = {4, 5, 7, 8}
L. †fbwPÎ n‡Z cvB, Q = {1, 2, 3} R = U − R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8} − {1, 5, 8} = {2, 3, 4, 7}
PQ = {1, 2, 4, 8}  {1, 2, 3} = {1, 2}
 QR = {4, 5, 7, 8}  {2, 3, 4, 7} = {4, 7}
GLb, {1, 2}  N Ges 12  5 I 22  5
 (Q  R) = Q  R (cÖgvwYZ)
 PQ = {x : x  N Ges x2  5} (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

œ 25  †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Øviv 346 Ges 556 †K fvM
cÖk-  (B\C)  (C\B)  (B  C) = { 3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6}  { }
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Ki‡j cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î 31 Aewkó _v‡K Zv‡ì †mU h_vµ‡g A Ges B  B  C = (B\C)  (C\B)  (B  C)
K. A †mUwU wbY©q Ki| 2  Dw³wU mZ¨|
L. A †mUwU wbY©q K‡i A  B †ei Ki| 4
M. GLv‡b, D = {x : (x) = 0}
M. A\B †ei Ki Ges P (A  B) †ei Ki| 4 = {x : x3 + 2x2 − x − 2 = 0}
 25bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   +
x3 2x2 −x−2=0
K. Abykxjbx 2.1 Gi 10bs mgvavb †`L| ev, x2(x + 2) −1(x + 2) = 0
L. Abykxjbx 2.1 Gi 10bs mgvavb †`L| ev, (x + 2) (x2 − 1) = 0
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, A = {35, 45, 63, 105, 315} ev, (x + 2)(x + 1)(x − 1) = 0
B = {35, 75, 105, 175, 525} nq, x + 2 = 0, A_ev, x + 1 = 0, A_ev, x − 1 = 0
A\B = {35, 45, 63, 105, 315} \ {35, 75, 105, 175, 525} ev, x = −2 ev, x = −1 ev, x = 1
= {45, 63, 315} (Ans.)  D = {−2, −1, 1},
Avevi, A  B = {35, 105}  P(D) = {{ −2, −1, 1}, { −2, −1}, { −2, 1}, { −1, 1},
A  B = {35, 105} Gi mKj Dc‡mU¸‡jv n‡jv : { −2}, { −1}, {1}, }
{35}, {105}, {35, 105},  œ 27  A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 5x + 6 = 0},
cÖk-
 P(A  B) = {{35}, {105}, {35, 105}, } (Ans.) B = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 7x + 12 = 0}
œ 26  A = {x : x  N, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0}
cÖk- Ges C = {a, b}
B = {x : x  N, 1  x  7 Ges x we‡Rvo msL¨v} K. A †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
C = {x : x  N, 1  x  7 Ges x †Rvo msL¨v} L. {A  B)  C Ges C  (A  B) wbY©q Ki| 4
Ges (x) = x3 + 2x2 − x − 2 M. hw` D = {3, 4, 5} nq, Z‡e P(D\A) wbY©q K‡i
K. †mU A †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z wbY©q Ki| 2 †`LvI †h, P(D\A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4
L. B  C = (B\C)  (C\B)  (B  C) Gi mZ¨Zv
hvPvB Ki| 4
M. D = {x : (x) = 0} n‡j P(D) wbY©q Ki| 4
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x  N, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0}
GLv‡b, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
ev, x2 − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0
ev, x(x − 3) − 2(x − 3) = 0
ev, (x − 3) (x − 2) = 0
nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, x − 2 = 0
ev, x = 3 ev, x = 2
 A = {2, 3}
L. GLv‡b, B = (x : x  N, 1  x  7 Ges x we‡Rvo msL¨v }
 B = {3, 5, 7}
C = { x : x  N, 1  x  7 Ges x †Rvo msL¨v }
= { 2, 4, 6 }
 B  C = {3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6}
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Avevi, B\C = {3, 5, 7} − {2, 4, 6} = {3, 5, 7}
C\B = {2, 4, 6} − {3, 5, 7} = {2, 4, 6}
B  C = {3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6} = { }
 27bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, x = 4 ev, x = 3
 B = {3, 4}
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 5x + 6 = 0} Ges C = {a, b}
GLb, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 A  B = {2, 3}  (3, 4) = {2, 3, 4}
ev, x2 − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0  (A  B)  C = {2, 3, 4}  {a, b}
ev, x(x − 3) −2(x − 3) = 0 = {(2, a), (3, a), (4, a), (2, b), (3, b), (4, b)} (Ans.)
ev, (x − 3)(x − 2) = 0 Avevi, A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4} = {3}
nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, x − 2 = 0  C  (A  B) = {a, b}  {3} = {(a, 3), (b, 3)} (Ans.)
ev, x = 3 ev, x = 2 M. GLv‡b, D = {3, 4, 5}
 A = {2, 3} ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, A = {2, 3}
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, A = {2, 3}  D\A = D − A
B = {x : x  N Ges x2 − 7x + 12 = 0} = {3, 4, 5} − {2, 3} = {4, 5}
GLb, x2 − 7x + 12 = 0  P(D\A) = {{4, 5}, {4}, {5}, }
ev, x2 − 4x − 3x + 12 = 0 GLv‡b, D\A Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v= n(D\F) = 2
ev, x(x − 4) −3(x − 4) = 0 P(D\A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 4 = 22 = 2n wU
ev, (x − 4)(x − 3) = 0  P(D\A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
nq, x − 4 = 0 A_ev, x − 3 = 0

œ 28  wb‡Pi †mU¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
cÖk- M. P = {1, 2, 3}, Q = {3, 4} Ges R = {x, y} n‡j, (P  Q) 
U = {x  N : x  8}; A = {x  N : 1  x  2 A_ev 5  x  7}; R Ges (P  Q)  Q wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. x − y = −1, 2x − y = 1; L. (2, 3);
B = {x  N : 2  x  6, x †Rvo msL¨v}
Ges C = {x  N : 3  x  7} M. (P  Q)  R = {(3, x), (3, y)}, (P  Q)  Q =
{(3, 3), (3, 4)}
K. A, B I C †mU¸‡jv‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 cÖk-
œ 33  (i) (x2 + y2, 1) = (5, x2 − y2) †hLv‡b, x, y  0
L. (A  B) = A  B cÖgvY Ki| 4 (ii) P = 2x − 1 †hLv‡b x  N
M. †`LvI †h, (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) 4 K. (i) bs †_‡K x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
DËi : K. A = {1, 2, 6, 7}, B = {2, 4, 6}, C = {4, 5, 6, 7} L. (i) bs †_‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, y Gi gvb Ag~j` msL¨v| 4
œ 29  wb‡Pi †mU¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
cÖk- M. (ii) bs †_‡K †`LvI †h, P2 GKwU we‡Rvo msL¨v| 4
A = {x  N : x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  15} DËi : K. 3.
B = {x  N : x  11 Ges x we‡Rvo msL¨v} œ 34  U = {a, b, c, d, e, f}, A = {a, b, e}, B = {a, d, f}, C =
cÖk-
K. A, B †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 {c, d, f}
L. D = A  B n‡j A  D Ges D  B wbY©q Ki| 4 K. A †m‡Ui `ywU Dc‡mU wbY©q Ki| 2
M. E = A  B n‡j E  (A − B) Ges E  (B − A) wbY©q Ki|4 L. †`LvI †h, (A  B) = A  B 4
DËi : K. {3, 6, 9, 12} I {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}; M. A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) cÖgvY Ki| 4
L. A  D = {(3, 3), {3, 9), (6, 3), (6, 9), (9, 3), (9, 9), (12, DËi : K. {a, b, e}, {a, b}.
3), (12, 9)} I {(3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (3, 7), (3, 9), (9, 1), (9,
3) (9, 5), D  B = (9, 7), (9, 9)} œ 35  A = {x  ℤ : −3  x  −2}, B = {x  N : x2  9 Ges x3 
cÖk-
M. E  (A − B) = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12}, E  (B − A) =  125}, C = {6, 12, 18}
œ 30  A I B h_vµ‡g 35 Ges 45 Gi ¸Ybxq‡Ki †mU|
cÖk- K. C †mUwU‡K †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
K. A I B †mU `yBwU wbY©q Ki| 2 L. A I B †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk K‡i †`LvI †h, (A 
L. A  B I A  B wbY©q Ki| 4 B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C) 4
M. (A − B)  (B − A) wbY©q Ki| 4 M. P(A), P(B), P(C) wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h, †Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dcv`vb
DËi : K. {1, 5, 7, 35} I {1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45} msL¨v n n‡j H †m‡Ui kw³ †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n n‡e| 4
L. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 35, 45} I {1, 5} DËi : K. C = {x  N : 6  x  18 Ges x, 6 Gi ¸wYZK}
M. {3, 7, 9, 15, 35, 45} œ 36  A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {4, 6, 9} Ges C = {3, 6, 7}
cÖk-
œ 31  hw` U = {x  N : 1  x  7}
cÖk- K. A  C wbY©q Ki| 2
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = (2, 3, 5, 6}, C = {3, 4, 5, 7}
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv †fbwP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 L. A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x2 = y we‡ePbvq G‡b mswkøó
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (A  B) = A  B 4 Aš^qwU wbY©q Ki| 4
M. (A  C)  (A  B) wbY©q Ki| 4 M. A  (B  C) Ges (A  B)  C wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : M. {(3, 7), (4, 7)} DËi : K. {(2, 3), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 3), (3, 6), (3, 7), (4, 3)
(4, 6), (4, 7)}; L. {(2, 4), (3, 9)}; M. {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 6),
œ 32  (x − 1, y + 2) = (y − 2, 2x + 1) n‡j,
cÖk- (2, 7), (2, 9), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 9), (4, 3), (4,
K. cÖ`Ë µg‡RvoØq n‡Z `yBwU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 4), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 9)} Ges {(4, 3), (4, 6), (4, 7)}
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß mgxKiYØq mgvavb K‡i gvb †ei Ki| 4
œ 37  A = {x : x  N Ges 1  x  4}
cÖk-
B = {3, 4} Ges C = {a, b} K. C †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
K. A †mUwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 L. A Ges B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x + 2 ≥ y m¤úK© we‡ePbvq
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, P(A  B) = P(A)  P(B)| 4 G‡b wi‡jkbwU wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †`LvI †h, (A  B)  C = (A  C)  (B  C)| 4 M. †`LvI †h, (D  C) = D  C| 4
DËi : K. {2, 3} DËi : K. C = {3, 4, 5, 6}; L. {(3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 3), (4, 5)}
œ 38  U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, A = {3, 4}, B = {3, 2}, C = {x
cÖk-
 N : x2  5 Ges x3  240} Ges D = A  B
A b yk xj b x 2 . 2

 Aš^q (Relation) : hw` A I B `yBwU †mU nq Z‡e †mUØ‡qi Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR A  B †m‡Ui AšÍM©Z µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi Ak~b¨ Dc‡mU R
†K A †mU †_‡K B †m‡Ui GKwU Aš^q ev m¤úK© ejv nq|
 dvskb (Function) : hw` `yBwU PjK x Ges y Ggbfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ †hb x Gi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU gv‡bi Rb¨ y Gi GKwUgvÎ gvb
cvIqv hvq, Z‡e y †K x Gi dvskb ejv nq|
 †Wv‡gb (Domain) I †iÄ (Range) : †Kv‡bv Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU‡K Gi †Wv‡gb Ges wØZxq
Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU‡K Gi †iÄ ejv nq| g‡b Kwi, A †mU †_‡K B †m‡U R GKwU Aš^q A_©vr R  A  B| R G AšÍfy©³
µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU n‡e R Gi †Wv‡gb Ges wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU n‡e R Gi †iÄ| R Gi †Wv‡gb‡K †Wvg R
Ges †iÄ‡K †iÄ R wj‡L cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ (Graph) : dvsk‡bi wPÎiƒc‡K †jLwPÎ ejv nq| dvsk‡bi aviYv my¯úó Kivi †ÿ‡Î †jLwP‡Îi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e †Q`x mij‡iLv `yBwU‡K Aÿ‡iLv Ges AÿØ‡qi †Q` we›`y‡K g~jwe›`y e‡j|
 Dj¤^ Aÿ (Perpendicular Axes) : †Kv‡bv mgZ‡j ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e †Q`x `yBwU mij‡iLv XOX Ges YOY AuvKv n‡jv| Abyf‚wgK
†iLv XOX †K x-Aÿ, Dj¤^ †iLv YOY †K y-Aÿ Ges AÿØ‡qi †Q`we›`y O †K g~jwe›`y (Origin) ejv nq|
 ¯’vbv¼ (Co-ordinates) : `yBwU A‡ÿi mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K AÿØ‡qi j¤^ `~i‡Z¡i h_vh_ wPýhy³ msL¨v‡K H we›`yi
¯’vbv¼ ejv nq|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ 4 Gi ¸YbxqK †mU †KvbwU? cÖkœ \ 4 \ hw` A = {3, 4}, B = {2, 4} nq, Z‡e A I B Gi
(K) {8, 16, 24, }  {1, 2, 4, 8} Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x > y m¤úK© we‡ePbv K‡i wi‡jkbwU wbY©q Ki|
(M) {2, 4, 8} (N) {1, 2} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {3, 4} Ges B = {2, 4}
cÖkœ \ 2 \ †mU C n‡Z †mU B G GKwU m¤úK© R n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU g‡b Kwi, wi‡jkbwU R
mwVK? cÖkœvbymv‡i, R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  B Ges x > y}
(K) R  C (L) R  B  R  C  B (N) C  B  R GLv‡b, A  B = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {(3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 2), (4, 4)}
cÖkœ \ 3 \ A = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} n‡j, wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi  cÖ`Ë m¤úK© Abymv‡i R = {(3, 2), (4, 2)}
DËi `vI : cÖkœ \ 5 \ hw` C = {2, 5}, D = {4, 6} Ges C I D Gi
(i) A †m‡Ui mwVK cÖKvk †KvbwU? Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x + 1  y m¤úK©wU we‡ePbvq _v‡K Z‡e
(K) {x  N : 6  x  13} (L) {x N : 6  x  13} wi‡jkbwU wbY©q Ki|
 { x  N : 6  x  13} (N) { x  N : 6  x  13} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = {2, 5} Ges D = {4, 6}
(ii) A †m‡Ui †gŠwjK msL¨v¸‡jvi †mU †KvbwU? g‡b Kwi, wi‡jkbwU R
(K) {6, 8, 10, 12} (L) { 7, 9, 11, 13} cÖkœvbymv‡i, R = {(x, y) : x  C, y  D Ges x + 1  y}
 {7, 11, 13} (N) A = {9, 12} GLv‡b, C  D = { 2, 5}  { 4, 6} = { (2, 4), (2, 6), (5, 4), (5, 6)}
(iii) A †m‡Ui 3 Gi ¸wYZK¸‡jvi †mU †KvbwU?  cÖ`Ë m¤úK© Abymv‡i, R = {(2, 4), (2, 6)}
(K) {6, 9} (L) {6, 11} (M) {9, 12}  {6, 9, 12}
(iv) A †m‡Ui †Rvo ¸Ybxq‡Ki e„nËg †mU †KvbwU? cÖkœ \ 6 \ (x) = x4 + 5x − 3 n‡j, (−1), (2) Ges  2 Gi (1)
(K) {1, 13} (L) {1, 2, 3, 6} gvb wbY©q Ki|
(M) 1, 3, 9}  {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} mgvavb :
†Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = x4 + 5x − 3 wb‡Y©q gvb x2
2
 (−1) = ( −1)4
+ 5 ( − 1) − 3 = 1 − 5 − 3 = 1 − 8 = − 7
(2) = (2)4 + 5  (2) − 3 = 16 + 10 − 3 = 26 − 3 = 23 1 + x2 + x4 1
4 cÖkœ \ 10 \ g(x) = x2
n‡j, †`LvI †h, g x2 =g(x2) ()
Ges  2(1) = (12) + 5  (12) − 3 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, g(x) =
1 + x 2 + x4
1 5 1 + 40 − 48 41 − 48 −7 x2
= + −3= = = 1 2 1 4
16 2 16 16 16
1 −7 1
1+
x 2 () ()
+
x2
()
wb‡Y©q gvb : (−1) = −7, (2) = 23,  2 = 16 GLb, evgcÿ = g x2 = () 1 2
cÖkœ \ 7 \ hw` (y) = y3 + ky2 − 4y − 8 nq, Z‡e k Gi †Kvb

x2 ()
1 1 x8 + x4 + 1
gv‡bi Rb¨ (−2) = 0 n‡e? 1+ 4+ 8
x x x8
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (y) = y3 + ky2 − 4y − 8 = 1 = 1
 (−2) = (−2)3 + k(−2)2 − 4(−2) − 8 x4 x4
= − 8 + 4k + 8 − 8 = 4k − 8 x8 + x4 + 1 x4 1 + x 4 + x8
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4k − 8 = 0 = x8 1 = x4
ev, 4k = 8 Avevi, Wvbcÿ = g(x2)
 k=2 2
1 + (x2) + (x2)
4
1 + x 4 + x8
 k = 2 Gi Rb¨ (−2) = 0 n‡e| = 2 =
x4
wb‡Y©q gvb k = 2 (x2)
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
cÖkœ \ 8 \ (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6 n‡j, x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨
(x) = 0 n‡e?
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6
(1)
A_©vr, g x2 = g(x2) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 (1) = 13 − 612 + 111 − 6 cÖkœ \ 11 \ wb‡Pi Aš^q¸‡jv †_‡K †Wv‡gb Ges †iÄ wbY©q Ki :
= 1 − 6 + 11 − 6 (K) R = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)}
= 12 − 12 = 0 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, R = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)}
 x − 1, (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| R Aš^‡q µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~n 2, 2, 2
GLb, x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6 Ges wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~n 1, 2, 3
= x3 − x2 − 5x2 + 5x + 6x − 6
 †Wvg R = {2} Ges †iÄ R = {1, 2, 3}
= x2 (x − 1) −5x (x − 1) + 6(x − 1)
= (x − 1)(x2 − 5x + 6) (L) S = {( −2, 4), ( −1, 1), (0, 0), (1,1), (2, 4)}
= (x −1)(x2 −3x − 2x + 6) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, S = {( −2, 4), ( −1, 1), (0, 0), (1,1), (2, 4)}
= (x −1) {x (x −3) − 2 (x −3)}
S Aš^‡q µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~n −2, −1, 0, 1, 2
= (x −1) (x − 2) (x − 3)
†h‡nZz (x) = 0 Ges wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~n 4, 1, 0, 1, 4
 †Wvg S = { −2, − 1, 0, 1, 2} Ges †iÄ = { 0, 1, 4}
 (x − 1) (x − 2) (x − 3) = 0
 1
nq , x − 1 = 0
ev, x = 1
A_ev, x − 2 = 0
ev, x = 2
A_ev, x − 3 = 0
ev, x = 3 ( ) (5 ) (5 )
(M) F =  2 0  (1 1) (1 −1) 2 2  2 −2 
 
 x = 1 A_ev, 2 A_ev, 3 Gi Rb¨ (x) = 0 n‡e| mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
wb‡Y©q gvb x = 1 A_ev, 2 A_ev, 3  1
1 ( )
F =   0  (1 1) (1 −1)
 2 (52 2) (52 −2)
2x + 1
cÖkœ \ 9 \ hw` (x) = 2x − 1 nq, Z‡e
()
 2 +1
x
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| F Aš^‡q µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~n 2, 1, 1, 2, 2
1 5 5
1
()
 2 −1
x Ges wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~n 0, 1, −1, 2, −2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = 2x − 1
2x + 1  †Wvg F = {21 1 52 }Ges †iÄ F = {− 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, }
1
2  x2 +1 cÖkœ \ 12 \ wb‡Pi Aš^q¸‡jv‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki Ges
1 †Wv‡gb I †iÄ wbY©q Ki :
()
 2 =
x 1
2  x2 −1 (K) R = {(x, y) : x  A , y  A Ges x + y = 1}, †hLv‡b A = {−
2 2 + x2 2, −1, 0, 1, 2}
x 2 +1
x2 2 + x2 x2 2 + x2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges x +
= = =  = y = 1}, †hLv‡b A = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}
2 2−x 2
x 2
2−x 2
2 −x2
−1 R Gi ewY©Z kZ© †_‡K cvB, x + y = 1
x2 x 2
1 2 + x2 2 + x2 + 2 − x2 ev, y = 1 − x

()
 2 +1
x
=
2 − x2
+1
=
2 − x2
=
4

2 − x2 2
=
GLb, cÖ‡Z¨K x  A Gi Rb¨ y = 1 − x Gi gvb wbY©q Kwi|
1 2+x 2
2 + x2 − 2 + x2 2 − x2 2x2 x2 x −2 −1 0 1 2
()
 2 − 1 2 − x2 − 1
x 2−x 2 y 3 2 1 0 −1
†h‡nZz 3  A, Kv‡RB ( −2, 3)  R
 R = { (−1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, −1)} Y
 †Wvg R = { −1, 0, 1, 2} Ges †iÄ R = {− 1, 0, 1, 2}
(L) F = {(x, y) : x  C, y  C Ges y = 2x}, †hLv‡b C = { −1,
0, 1, 2, 3} C(11,7)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, F = {(x, y) : x  C, y  C Ges y = B(−1,1)
A(1,2)
2x}, †hLv‡b C = { −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
X O X
F Gi ewY©Z kZ© †_‡K cvB, y = 2x
GLb, cÖ‡Z¨K x  C Gi Rb¨ y = 2x Gi gvb wbY©q Kwi
x −1 0 1 2 3
y −2 0 2 4 6
†h‡nZz, −2, 4, 6  C, Kv‡RB (−1, − 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)F
Y
 F = {(0, 0), (1, 2)}
†Wvg F = {0, 1} Ges †iÄ F = {0, 2} we›`y wZbwUi †jL A¼b : QK KvM‡R ci¯úi j¤^ `yBwU Aÿ‡iLv
XOX I YOY Uvwb| GLb ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK
[ we. `ª. cvV¨ eB‡q DËigvjvq fzj Av‡Q|]
1 5
a‡i A = (1, 2), B(−1, 1), C (11, 7) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb
( )
cÖkœ \ 13 \ QK KvM‡R (−3, 2), (0, − 5), 2 − 6 we›`y¸‡jv Kwi| AZ:ci A I C we›`y `yBwU †hvM K‡i Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi|
†`wL †h, B we›`ywU AC mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z| AZGe, we›`y
¯’vcb Ki|
mgvavb : QK KvM‡R A (−3, 2) we›`yi Ae¯’vb : A (−3, 2) we›`yi fyR wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
FYvZ¥K I †KvwU abvZ¥K| ZvB A we›`y wØZxq PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z| g~j we›`y cÖkœ \ 15 \ mvwe©K †mU U = {x : x  N Ges x we‡Rvo msL¨v}
O †_‡K OX Aÿ eivei 3 GKK wM‡q OY A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 2 GKK A = {x  N : 2  x  7}
†M‡jB †h we›`ywU cvIqv hv‡e, †mUvB n‡e A (− 3, 2) we›`yi Ae¯’vb| B = {x  N : 3 < x < 6}
QK KvM‡R B(0, − 5) we›`yi Ae¯’vb : B (0, −5) we›`yi fyR k~b¨ I †KvwU C = { x  N : x2 > 5 Ges x3  130}
FYvZ¥K| ZvB B we›`y Y A‡ÿ Aew¯’Z| g~jwe›`y O †_‡K OY A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K. A †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki|
5 GKK †M‡jB †h we›`ywU cvIqv hv‡e, †mUvB n‡e B(0, −5) we›`yi Ae¯’vb| L. A Ges C \ B wbY©q Ki|
QK KvM‡R C 2 − 6 we›`yi Ae¯’vb : C 2 − 6 we›`yi fyR abvZ¥K I M. B  C Ges P(A  C) wbY©q Ki|
1 5 1 5
( ) ( ) mgvavb :
†KvwU FYvZ¥K| ZvB C we›`y PZz_© PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z| g~j we›`y O †_‡K OX eivei K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = { x  N : 2  x  7}
5 †h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 2 A_ev 2 †_‡K eo Ges 7 Gi
abvZ¥K w`‡K 05 GKK wM‡q OY A‡ÿi FYvZ¥K w`‡K 6 ev 083 GKK †M‡jB
1 5
mgvb A_ev 7 A‡cÿv †QvU we‡Rvo msL¨v Zv‡ì †mU
( )
†h we›`ywU cvIqv hv‡e, †mUvB n‡e C 2 − 6 we›`yi Ae¯’vb|
L. ÔKÕ
 A = { 3, 5, 7} (Ans.)
Ask †_‡K cvB A = { 3, 5, 7}
Y
GLv‡b, U = {x : x  N Ges x we‡Rvo msL¨v}
= { 1, 3, 5, 7, }
 A = U \ A = { 1, 3, 5, 7,  } \ { 3, 5, 7} = { 1, 9, 11, } (Ans.)
A(−3, 2) Avevi, †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {x  N : 3  x  6}
†h mKj ¯^vfvweK msL¨v 3 †_‡K eo Ges 6 †_‡K †QvU
O C(1/2, −5/6)
X X we‡Rvo msL¨v Zv‡ì †mU B = { 5}
B(0,−5)
Ges C = {x N : x2 > 5 Ges x3  130}
†hmKj ¯^vfvweK we‡Rvo msL¨vi eM© 5 A‡cÿv eo Ges Nb
130 A‡cÿv †QvU Zv‡ì †mU|
Y
¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU N = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,  }
GLb, x = 1 n‡j, x2 = 12 = 1 ≯ 5 Ges x3 = 13 = 1  130
cÖkœ \ 14 \ QK KvM‡R (1, 2), (−1, 1), (11, 7) we›`y wZbwU ¯’vcb
x = 3 n‡j, x = 3 = 9  5 Ges x3 = 33 = 27  130
2 2
K‡i †`LvI †h, we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
x = 5 n‡j, x = 5 = 25  5 Ges x3 = 53 = 125  130
2 2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, A(1,2), B(−1, 1) Ges C(11, 7) wZbwU we›`y|
x = 7 n‡j, x = 7 = 49  5 Ges x3 = 73 = 343 ≮ 130
2 2
wb‡Y©q †mU C = {3, 5}

GLb, C \ B = { 3, 5} \ { 5} = {3} (Ans.)
M. L Ask †_‡K cvB B = { 5} Ges C = {3, 5}
 B  C = { 5}  {3, 5} = {(5, 3), (5, 5)} (Ans.)
GLb, A  C = {3, 5, 7}  {3, 5} = {3, 5}
 P (A  C) = {{3, 5}, {3}, {5}, } (Ans.)

1. (y) = y2 − 4y + 4 n‡j (2) Gi gvb KZ? K {(2, 3)}  {(3, 2)}
K4 L2 M1 0 M {(3, 3)} N {(5, 5)}
2. (x) = x2 + 5x + 6 Ges (x) = 0 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? [h. †ev. Õ15] 9. f(x) = x2 + 5x − 3 n‡j f(1) Gi gvb KZ?
 − 2, − 3 L 1,5 M 1, 6 N 2, 3 K −9 L −7
3. (x) = x2 + 3x + 2 n‡j, (−1) Gi gvb KZ? 3 N7
K −2 0 M1 N6 10. f(x) = x2 − 2x − 3 Ges f(−1) Gi gvb KZ?
4. S = {(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3), (5, 4)}, Aš^qwUi †Wv‡gb¸wj 0 L −3
M −5 N −6
n‡”Q− 11. S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x2} †hLv‡b, A = {− 3, − 2,
K {3, 3, 4, 5}L {1, 2, 3, 4} M {2, 3, 4, 5}  {3, 4, 5}
1+ x2 + x3 − 1, 0, 1, 2} †mUwUi †Wv‡gb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
5. f(x) =
x2
n‡j, f(−1) Gi gvb KZ?  {−1, 0, 1} L {0, 1}
M {0, 1, 2} N {0, ± 1, ± 2, − 3}
K −3 L −1 1 N3
6. (a) = a2 − 3a + 2 n‡j a Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (a) = 0 12. f(x) = x2 − 3x + 2 n‡j x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ f(x) = 0
n‡e? n‡e?
K (− 1, − 2) L (0, − 2)
K0 L2 M (1, − 2)  (1, 2)
M (− 1, 0)  (1, 2)
7. f(x) = x2 − 4x + 3 n‡j f − ( 12) wbY©q Ki| 13. f(x) = x5 + 5x − 3 n‡j, f(−1) Gi Gi gvb KZ?
 −9 L −9
29 21 5 15
K  M N M3 N7
8 4 4 4
8. A = {2, 3, 5} Ges R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x− 1}
n‡j, R †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
n‡e?

20. A = {1, 4}, B = {2, 4} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨
Aš^q x = y m¤úK© _vK‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU Aš^qwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K {2, 4} L (1, 2)
 {(4, 4)} N {(1, 2), (1, 4), (4, 2) (4, 4)}
14. ÔAb¦qÕ k‡ãi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 21. C = {{1, 2}, D = {2, 3} Ges C I D Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨
K A‡f`  m¤úK© M µg‡Rvo N Drcv`K x = y − 1 m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
15. hw` mKj x-Gi †mU A Ges mKj y-Gi †mU B nq Z‡e K {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3)} L {(1, 2), (1, 3)}
A  B Gi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M {(2, 2), (2, 3)}  {(1, 2), (2, 3)}
K A  B = {(x,y): x  A, y  B} 22. C = {2, 4, 7}, D = {4, 9} Ges C I D Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi
L A  B = {(x,y): x,y  A, B} g‡a¨ x2 < y m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
 {(2, 9)} L {(4, 9)} M {(4, 4)} N {(7, 2)}
 A  B = {(x,y): x  A, y  B}
23. A = {3, 5}, B = {2, 4} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨
N A  B = {(x,y): (A, B)}
x < y m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
16. A = {2, 3}, B = {4, 5} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ K {(3, 2), (3, 4)} L {(3, 4), (5, 2)}
x < y m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)  {(3, 4)} N {(5, 4)}
K {(2, 3), (2, 4)} L {(3, 4), (3, 5)} 24. S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y =  x} Ges A = {2, 4,
 {(2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)} N {(2, 4), (3, 5)}
9} n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU S Aš^‡qi m`m¨? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : A  B = {2, 3}  {4, 5} = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
K (4, 4) L (−2, 4)  (4, 2) N (3, 4)
17. R †mU A †mU †_‡K B †m‡Ui GKwU Aš^q n‡j, wb‡Pi
25. A = {1, 2}; B = {2, 3} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Aš^q
†KvbwU me©`vB mZ¨ n‡e? (mnR)
y = x + 1 n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb Aš^qwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K R=AB  RAB  {(1, 2), (2, 3)} L {(1, 3), (1, 2)}
M R={} N R=AA M {1, 2} N {2, 3}
18. P = {3, 4}, Q = {2, 3} Ges P I Q Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨
x > y m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
K {(2, 3), (4, 3)}  {(3, 2), (4, 2) (4, 3)} 26. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
M {(2, 3), (3, 2)} N {(4, 3), (3, 4)} i. {(4, 8), (2, 6), (2, 8)} BZ¨vw` n‡jv µg‡Rv‡oi †mU
e¨vL¨v : P  Q = {3, 4}  {2, 3} = {(3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 2), (4, 3)} ii. mKj x Gi †mU A Ges mKj y Gi †mU B n‡j
hLb x  y m¤úK© nq ZLb Aš^qwU {(3, 2), (4, 2), (4, A  B = {(x, y) : x  A, y  B}
3)}
19. A = {2, 4}, B = {2, 3} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ iii. A I B `ywU Ak~b¨ Dc‡mU n‡j A †_‡K B †Z GKwU
x < y m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g) Ab¦q n‡jv A  B Gi Dc‡mU
K {(2, 2), (3, 2)} L {(3, 2), (4, 3)} wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 {(2, 3)} N {(4, 3)} K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
27. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 34. x > y k‡Z© A I B Gi mswkøó Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
i. {(1, 2), (2, 3)} GKwU GK-GK Aš^q K {(3, 5)}  {(6, 5)
ii. †h‡Kv‡bv Aš^q‡K dvsk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nq M ( ) ( ) N ( ) ( )
iii. A = {1, 2} I y = {2} n‡j x < y k‡Z© Aš^qwU {(1, 2)}  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 35 − 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) C = {3, 4, 7}, D = (4, 6} Ges x  C, y  D
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 35. x > y we‡ePbvq C  D Aš^‡qi Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
28. C = {3, 4, 7}, D = {4, 6} n‡j− K0 L1 2 N3
i. C  D = {(x, y) : x  C, y  D} 36. x = y we‡ePbvq C  D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v KZwU? (ga¨g)
ii. C I D Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x = y n‡j Aš^qwUi K0 1 M2 N3
Dcv`vb msL¨v 1wU 37. C  D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v D  C Gi Dcv`vb msL¨vi Kxiƒc?(mnR)
iii. C I D Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x > y n‡j Aš^qwUi  mgvb L †ewk M Kg N wØ¸Y
Dcv`vb msL¨v 2wU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) dvskb
29. A = {4, 5}, B = {5, 6} n‡j−
i. A  B = {(4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 5), (5, 6)} 38. hw` `yBwU PjK x I y Giƒ‡c m¤úwK©Z _v‡K †h, x-Gi
ii. A I B Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x > y m¤úK© _vK‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wbw`©ó gv‡bi Rb¨ y-Gi GKwU wbw`©ó gvb cvIqv
Aš^qwUi Dcv`vb msL¨v k~b¨ hvq, Z‡e y-†K x-Gi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
iii. A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x = y m¤úK© _vK‡j K Ab¦q  dvskb M PjK N †f`
Aš^qwUi Dcv`vb msL¨v 1wU 39. wb‡Pi †Kvb Aš^qwU dvskb? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K S = {(2, 3), (2, 5)}  S = {(3, 1),(4, 2)}
M S = {(−1, 1),(− 1, 2)} N S = {(−5, 2), (−5, −6)}
e¨vL¨v : y = (x) dvskb n‡e hw` x Gi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU gv‡bi Rb¨ y
30. R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x2} Ges A = {1, 2, 4} n‡j− Gi gvÎ GKwU gvb cvIqv hvq|
i. (2, 4), R Aš^‡qi m`m¨ ii. (1, 1), R Aš^‡qi m`m¨ 40. f(a) = a2 + 2a + 1 n‡j, f(0) = KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. R = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)} K2 1 M0 N −1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 41. f(x) = x3 − 3x + 5 n‡j, f(2) = KZ? (ga¨g)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K5 L6 7 N8
e¨vL¨v : y = x2 e¨vL¨v : f(x) = x3 − 3x + 5
x = 1 n‡j y = 12 = 1  A  f (2) = (2)3 − 3  2 + 5 = 8 − 6 + 5 = 7
x = 2 n‡j y = 22 = 4  A 42. f(x) = x3 + kx2 − 4x − 8 n‡j f(1) = KZ? (ga¨g)
x = 4 n‡j y = 42 = 16  A K 9−k L k−9  k − 11 N 11 − k
 R = {(1, 1), (2, 4)} e¨vL¨v : f(x) = x3 + kx2 − 4x − 8
31. A = {6, 7, 8}, B = {8, 9} n‡j−  f(1) = (1)3 + k(1)2 − 4  1 − 8 = 1 + k − 4 − 8 = k − 11
i. A  B ≠ B  A 43. f(x) = x4 + 3x − 3 n‡j, f(1) Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 L2 M3 N4
ii. A I B Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x + 2 = y m¤úK© _vK‡j e¨vL¨v : (x) = x4 + 3x − 3
Aš^qwUi Dcv`vb msL¨v 1wU  (1) = 14 + 31 − 3 = 1 + 3 − 3 = 1
iii. A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x = y m¤úK© _vK‡j 2x + 1
44. f(x) =
1 − 2x
n‡j, f(2) = KZ? (ga¨g)
Aš^qwUi Dcv`vb {(8, 8)}
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) −
5
L
5
M−
3
N
3
3 3 5 5
45. f(x) = x2 + x − 6 n‡j, x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ f(x) = 0 ? (ga¨g)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 2 L3 M4 N5
46. (x) = x4 + 5x − 3 n‡j, (−1) Gi gvb †KvbwU?
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 32 − 34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K7 L5  −7 N3
A Ges B `ywU †mU †hLv‡b A = {3, 6} Ges B = {5,9} A Ges B 47. f(x) = k (x − 2) − 1 (x − 2) n‡j k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨
Dcv`vbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ x < y m¤úK© we`¨gvb| f(x) = 0 n‡e ? (ga¨g)
32. A Ges B Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Ab¦q cÖKvkK m¤úK© wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU? 1 L2 M3 N4
(mnR) 2x + 1 f(x) + 1
K R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  B}
48. f(x) =
1 − 2x
n‡j, f(x) − 1 = KZ ? (KwVb)
L R={(x, y): (A, B) Ges x < y} 1 1 2 3
 L M N
 R = { (x, y) : x  A, y  B Ges x < y} 2x 3x 5x 7x
N R = {x  A, y  B : (x, y)} 5x + 1 f(x) + 1
49. f(x) =
5x − 1
n‡j, f(x) − 1 = KZ? (KwVb)
33. x < y m¤úK© Abyhvqx Ab¦‡qi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 2x L 3x M 4x  5x
K R = {(3, 5), (4, 9), (9, 6)} 2 1
 R = {(3, 5), (3, 9), (6, 9)}
M R = {(5, 3), (9,3), (9, 6)}
50. f(x) = + 1 n‡j, f
x x() = KZ ? (ga¨g)
2 2+x x
N R = {(3, 5), (3, 9), (6, 9), (5, 3), (9, 3), (9, 6)}  2x + 1 L +1 M N
x 2 x+2
x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
(a )
51. f(x) = 1 + x n‡j, f b = KZ ? (ga¨g)
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K
b

a
M
a+b
N
a+b 64. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
a+b a+b a b i. †m‡Ui gva¨‡g dvskb eY©bv Kiv hvq bv
2
52. f(x) = + 3 I f (x) = 0 n‡j, x = KZ? (mnR) 3x + 1 1 x+3
2
x
2 3 3
ii. f(x) =
3x − 1 ()
n‡j f x = 3 − x
K − M N− iii. f(x) = 419 n‡j f(x + 1) = 420
3 3 2 2
53. f(x) = x (x − 2) + 2(x − 2) n‡j, x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
f(x) = 0 n‡e? (ga¨g) KiI ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 −2 L0 M1 N3 65. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
x 2x + 3 1
+1 i. f(x) =
7x + 6
n‡j, f(0) = 2
2
54. g(x) =
x−1
n‡j, g(−1) = KZ ? (ga¨g) 2x + 1 1
ii. f(x) =
3x − 2
n‡j, f(0) = − 2
1 1
− L− M2 N4 7x7 + 6 2
4 2 iii. f(x) = 5
2x − 9
n‡j f(0) = − 3
55. f(x) = x3 + 2x2 − 3 n‡j, f(−3) = KZ ? (ga¨g)
K −48  −12 M 12 N 42
56. f(x) = x2 − 3x + 5 n‡j, f(−2) = KZ ? (ga¨g)
 15 L7 M3 N0 66. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
3x + 4 i. f(x) = 2 + x n‡j, f(x) + f(−x) = 4
57. hw` g(x) = x − 5 nq Z‡e g(6) Gi gvb KZ ? (ga¨g) 2x − 1 1
K 11  22 M 33 N 44
ii. f(x) =
1 + 2x ()
n‡j, f 2 = 2
58. f(x) = x2 − 5x + x3 n‡j f(1) Gi gvb KZ ? (ga¨g) iii. f(x) = x2 − 3x n‡j f(1) = − 2
K5 L3 M −2  −3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1 K i I ii  i I iii I iii I iii
59. f(x) = x3 + 2x + 6 n‡j f
2 ()
Gi gvb KZ ? (ga¨g) M ii

N i, ii
57 67 77 87
 L M N
8 8 8 8
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ƒ: A → R GKwU wbw`©ó dvskb| G dvskbwU‡K ƒ(x) = x2 – 2x + 6
60. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : Øviv m~wPZ Kiv hvq|
i. dvskb GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Aš^q 67. ƒ: (1) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? (mnR)
ii. 1 + 2y = x n‡j, x n‡jv y Gi dvskb 5 L4 M N
y 68. A = {2, 0, 1, 3, – 1} gv‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
x
n‡j, f(x2) = y
iii. f(x) = 2  2 6
0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 1
3
5

–1 9
61. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : L 2 4

6
i. y = x3 + 1 n‡j, y n‡jv x Gi GKwU dvskb
0
1 5
3 7
–1 9
1 1
ii. f(x) =
x ()
n‡j, f(x) f x = 1 M 2 6
2
1 1 + 3x 0
iii. f(x) = x + 3 n‡j, f
x ()
=
x
1
3
–1
0
5
7
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii N 2 6
0
62. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 1
3
5
2
i. f(x) Øviv x Gi dvskb †evSv‡bv nq

–1 7
ii. f(x) = x2 − 5x + 6 n‡j, f(0) = 6 69. hLb ƒ(x) = 6 nq, ZLb x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
iii. f(x) = 2x − 1 n‡j, f(x) = 0 hLb x = 2 K0 L2  0, 2 N 0, 4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 70 I 71 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii f(x) = x2 − 5x + 6
e¨vL¨v : (ii) mwVK KviY, f(0) = 0 − 50 + 6 = 6
2 70. f(1) Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K1 2 M3 N4
71. f(x) = 0 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
i. y = (x2 − 4x + 6) G x ¯^vaxb PjK
3 L4 M5 N6
3  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 72 Ñ 74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. f(x) = + 4 n‡j, f
x (1x) = 3x + 4 f(x) = x4 + 5x − 3
2 + 3x 72. f(2) = KZ?
iii. f(x) =
2
n‡j f (1x) = 1 + 2x3 (mnR)
K 21  23 M 25 N 27 Aš^q S = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 5)}
73. f(−1) = KZ? (mnR) 86. S Gi †Wv‡gb †KvbwU? (mnR)
 −7 L7 M −9 N9 K {2, 2, 3}  {2, 3, 4} M {1, 2, 5} N {2, 2, 5}
74. f(0) = KZ? (mnR) 87. S Gi †iÄ †KvbwU? (mnR)
K0 L3  −3 N5 K {2, 3, 4}  {1, 2, 5} M {2, 1, 2} N {3, 8, 9}
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 75 I 76 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 88 I 89 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
f(y) = y3 + ky2 − 4y − 8 A = {−3, −2, −1, 0} Ges S = {(x, y) : x  s, y  s Ges y − x = 1}
75. f(0) Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
88. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †Wvg S? (ga¨g)
K −2 L −4 M −6  −8
K {−2, 1, 0}  {−3, −2, −1} M {1, 0, 2} N {3, 2, 1}
76. k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ f(−1) = 0 n‡e? (ga¨g)
K2 L3 5 N6
89. DwjøwLZ †mUwUi †iÄ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K {2, 1, 0} L {−3, −2, −1}  {−2, −1, 0} N {3, 1, 2}
†Wv‡gb I †iÄ dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ
77. †Kv‡bv Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vb¸‡jvi †mU‡K Kx 90. dvsk‡bi wPÎiƒc‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
e‡j? (mnR)
K †Wv‡gb L †iÄ M Aš^q  †jLwPÎ
K †iÄ L dvskb  †Wv‡gb N †Kv-†Wv‡gb
91. me©cÖ_g exRMwYZ I R¨vwgwZi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b AMÖYx
78. Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi 2q Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib †K? (mnR)
K dvskb L †Wv‡gb  †iÄ N †Kv-†Wv‡gb
 †i‡b †`KvZ© L Avj-LvwiRwg
79. R  A  B-Gi †ÿ‡Î R Gi AšÍf©y³ µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g M A¨vwi÷Uj N wbDUb
Dcv`v‡bi †mU‡K Kx Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq? (mnR) 92. AÿØ‡qi †Q` we›`y‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
 †Wvg R L †iÄ R M dvskb R N Aš^q R  g~jwe›`y L Zj M fyR N †KvwU
80. S = {(2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3)} Aš^qwUi †Wv‡gb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 93. g~jwe›`yi ¯’vbv¼ KZ? (mnR)
K {1, 3, 4} L {1, 2, 3}  {2, 3, 4} N {2, 3, 3} K {x, y}  {0, 0} M {0, 1} N {1, 0}
e¨vL¨v : Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU n‡jv e¨vL¨v : g~jwe›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (0, 0)
†Wv‡gb| 94. x A‡ÿi Dci Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`yi †KvwUi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
81. A = {1, 2} I B = {3, 4} n‡j, R = A  B Aš^qwUi †Wv‡gb KZ? (mnR) K1 0 Mx Ny
A LB MAB N AB 95. y A‡ÿi Dci Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`yi fz‡Ri gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : R = A  B = {1, 2}  {3, 4} = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
K1 Lx 0 Ny
 †Wvg R = {1, 2} = A
96. `yBwU A‡ÿi mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K AÿØ‡qi j¤^
82. R = {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)} Aš^qwUi †iÄ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
`~i‡Z¡i h_vh_ wPýhy³ msL¨v‡K H we›`yi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
K {0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2, 3, 4}
M {0, 2, 3, 4} N {0, 1, 2, 4} K †iLv L wPÎ M gvbwPÎ  ¯’vbv¼
97. y = 2x dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ †Kgb n‡e? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  mij‡iLv L wÎfzR M eµ‡iLv N e„Ë
83. A †mU †_‡K B †m‡U R GKwU Aš^q− 98. (−3, −3) we›`ywU QK KvM‡Ri †Kvb PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
i. A G AšÍf©y³ µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vb †mU n‡e R K cÖ_g L wØZxq  Z…Zxq N PZz_©
Gi †Wv‡gb enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU n‡e R Gi †iÄ
iii. †Wv‡gb I †iÄ‡K h_vµ‡g †Wvg R I †iÄ R Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq 99. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. dvsk‡bi aviYv my¯úó Kivi †ÿ‡Î †jLwP‡Îi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg
ii. Kv‡Z©mxq ¯’vbv‡¼ mn‡RB dvsk‡bi R¨vwgwZK wPÎ †`Lv‡bv hvq
iii. mvaviYZ x Aÿ eivei Aaxb PjK Ges y Aÿ eivei
84. A n‡Z B †m‡Ui Aš^q R n‡j− ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gvb emv‡bv nq
i. R Gi µg‡Rvomg~‡ni cÖ_g Dcv`v‡bi †mU †Wv‡gb
ii. R Gi µg‡Rvomg~‡ni wØZxq Dcv`v‡bi †mU †iÄ
iii. R Aš^‡qi †Wv‡gb I †iÄ me©`vB mgvb
100. y = 2x + 1 dvsk‡bi−
i. †jLwP‡Îi Dc‡ii GKwU we›`y (1, 3)
ii. †jLwPÎ GKwU mij‡iLv
iii. †jLwPÎ GKwU eµ‡iLv
i. R Gi †Wv‡gb‡K †Wvg R Ges †iÄ R Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
ii. s = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 5)} Aš^‡qi †Wvg s = {2, 3, 4}
iii. s = {(4, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3), (1, 4) Aš^‡qi †iÄ s = {1, 2, 3, 4} e¨vL¨v: i mwVK KviY (1, 3) we›`yi Rb¨ y = 2x + 1 wm× A_©vr x = 1 Gi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) Rb¨ y = 3 nq|
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ii mwVK KviY y = 2x + 1 mgxKi‡Yi NvZ GK| ZvB mgxKi‡Yi
†jL mij‡iLv n‡e|
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 101. P we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ P(x, y) n‡j−
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 86 I 87 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. x †K fzR ejv nq
ii. y †K †KvwU ejv nq x Ly M x+y N x−y
iii. x I y n‡”Q P n‡Z h_vµ‡g Dfq A‡ÿi j¤^ `~iZ¡ 103. PN = KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) Kx L x+y y N x−y
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 104. P we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (x, y) G x †K Kx e‡j? (ga¨g)
K †KvwU  fzR
M †iÄ N we›`y
p (x, y)
M
O N
102. PM = KZ? (ga¨g)

105. A = {−1, 0, 1, 2) n‡j, K a 1  a 1
b 2 b 2
F = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges x = 2y} Aš^qwUi †Wv‡gb c 3 c 3
†KvbwU? M N
a 1 a 1
K {(0, 0), (1, 2) L {{0, 0}, {1, 2}} b 2 b 2
M {0, 1}  {0, 2} c 3 c 3
106. (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb gvbwUi e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, hw` `yBwU PjK x Ges y Ggbfv‡e m¤úK©hy³ nq
Rb¨ (x) k~b¨ n‡e? †hb x Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU gv‡bi Rb¨ y Gi GKwU gvÎ gvb cvIqv hvq,
−2 Z‡e y †K x Gi dvskb e‡j| GLv‡b (L) Gi a, b, c cÖ‡Z¨KwU c„_K
K (3) L (−3) M (23)  
3 gv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ ZvB GKwU dvsmb|
107. C = {1, 2}, D = {2, 3} Ges C I D Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 116. 2x + 1
hw` (x) = 2x − 2 nq Z‡e, (2) Gi gvb KZ?
x = y − 1 m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
5
K {(1, 2),(1, 3),(2, 2),(2,3)} L {(1, 2),(1, 3)} K2  M3 N0
M {(2, 2), (2, 3)}  {(1, 2),(2, 3)} 2
108. R = {(−2, 4), (−1, 1), (0, 0)} Aš^‡qi †iÄ KZ? 117. A = {4, 4}, B = {4, 5} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨
K {−2, 4, 1} L {−2, −1, 0}  {0, 1, 4} N {1, 4, −1} x  y m¤úK© _vK‡j Aš^qwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e?
109. wb‡Pi †Kvb Aš^qwU dvskb? K {(5, 5)} L {(4, 4)} M {(5, 4)}  {(4, 5)}
K S = {(2, 3), (2, 5)} L S = {(−1, 1), (−1, 2)} 118. f(a) = a3 + 3a + 36 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU f(a) Gi GKwU
 S = {(3, 1), (4, 2)} N S = {(−5, 2), (−5, −6)} Drcv`K?
110. wb‡Pi †KvbwU dvskb? K (a + 1)  (a + 3) M (a − 3) N (a + 36)
 {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (5, 6)} 1
L {(2, 3), (3, 4), (5, 7), (2, 3)}
M {(4, 5), (6, 7), (6, 9), (4, 6)}
119. (x) = x2 − ( ) x + 1 n‡j, x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨
b+
b
(x) = 0 n‡e?
N {(6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 11), (6, 13)}
1 b
111. hw` (y) = + y3 − 4y − 8 nq Z‡e k-Gi †Kvb gv‡bi
ky2 K b, 1 L b, 0  b, N ,1
b 1
Rb¨ (−2) = 0 n‡e? 120. (a) = a2 + 2a + 1 n‡j, a Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (a) = 0
K0 L1 2 N3
112. (x) = 4x3 − 5x2 + 5x − 1 n‡j, (2) Gi gvb wb‡Pi n‡e?
†KvbwU? K1  −1 M2 N −2
 21 L 22 M 23 N 28 121. (x) = x2 + 5x − 3 n‡j, (1) Gi gvb KZ?
113. (x) abvZ¥K gvÎvi eûc`x n‡j, (x) †K 2x + 3 Øviv fvM K −9 L −7 3 N7
Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq− 122. (x) = x2 − 7x + 12, (x) = 0 n‡j x = KZ?
K −2, 3 L 3, −4 M −3, 4  3, 4
K (32) L (23)  −( 32) N − ( 23)K wÎfzR
123. y = 2x dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ †Kgb n‡e?
 mij‡iLv M eµ‡iLv N e„Ë
114. hw` A = {5, 6}, B = {4, 5} Ges A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ x = y m¤úK© we‡ePbvq Avbv nq Z‡e wb‡Pi Aš^q 124. (x) = x3 − x − k Ges (2) = 0 n‡j k Gi gvb KZ?
†KvbwU? K −6 6 M8 N 16
1 + x2 + x4
K {(5, 4), (5, 5), (6, 4), (6, 5) L {5, 4), (6, 4), (6, 5)} 125. (x) = x2
Gi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
 {(5, 5)} N {(5, 4)}
115. wb‡Pi †KvbwU dvskb?
133. y = 2x + 1 dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎwU−
K (x) = (x2)  (1x) = (x) i. (1, 3) we›`yMvgx
ii. GKwU mij‡iLv
M (1x) = (x )2 N (x2) − (x2)
iii. y = 1 †iLv‡K †Q` K‡i
126. A = {3, 4}, B = {2, 4} n‡j, A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
x  y m¤úK© we‡ePbv K‡i wi‡jkbwU n‡e− K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K {(3, 4), (2, 2)} L {(3, 2), (4, 4)} 134. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki−
 {(3, 2), (4, 2)} N {(4, 2), (4, 4)}
i. (x) = 2 − x2 n‡j, (1) = 0
127. (x) GKwU dvskb, †hb †Wvg (x) = †iÄ (x) n‡j, (x) =
ii. (x) = 3 + x2 n‡j, (2) = 7
KZ?
K x2 L x3 x N x+1
iii. (x) = 3x + 2 n‡j, (0) = 2
128. 2x + y = 6 Ges x − y = 3 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU (x, y) Gi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
gvb?
K (0, 3)  (3, 0) M (3, 3) N (6, 3) 135. (x) = x3 − 2x + 6 n‡j−
129. S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x2}; †hLv‡b i. (−1) = 7 ii. (−2) = −16
A = {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2} †mUwUi †Wv‡gb †KvbwU? iii. (2) = 14
 {−1, 0, 1} L {0, 1} wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M {0, 1, 2} N {0, 1, 2, −3} i L ii M iii N i I iii
130. †h †mU ev †ÿÎ †_‡K PjK Zvi gvb msMÖn K‡i Zv‡K Kx 136. y = 2x + 1 dvsk‡bi−
e‡j? i. †jLwP‡Îi GKwU we›`y (1, 3) ii. †jLwPÎ GKwU mij‡iLv
K PjK  †Wv‡gb M BDwbqb N iii. †jLwPÎ GKwU e„Ë
131. R = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3) Gi †Wv‡gb †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 (2) L {1, 2, 3} M {2, 2} N {1, 3}  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
132. i. y = x3 + 1 n‡j, y n‡jv x Gi GKwU dvskb  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 137 I 138 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 1 (x) = x4 + 7x − 8 GKwU eûc`x|
ii. (x) =
x ( )=1
n‡j (x)  x
137. (−2) =?
1 1 + 3x
iii. (x) = x + 3 n‡j, ( ) = K −8 L1  −6 N −4
x x
138. (x) Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Kx+1 x−1 M x− 3 N x−2
K i I ii L ii I iii Mi I iii  i, ii I iii

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. †Wvg R = A ii. †iÄ R = A
iii. †Wvg R  †iÄ R
139. A = {p, q, r}, B = {r, s, t} Ges C = {a} n‡j−
i. (A − B)  C Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2wU
ii. (B − A)  A = {p, q, r, s, t}
143. A = {0, 1, 2, 3) Ges R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x)
iii. P(A  B) = {{r}, }
n‡j R Gi−
i. †Wvg R = A ii. †iÄ R = A
iii. †Wvg R  †iÄ R
140. A = {1, 4}, B = {4, 5}, C = {5, 7} n‡j− wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
i. (A  B)  C = {4, 5, 7}  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. (A  B)  C Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 6wU
iii. P(B  C) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 16wU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 144 − 147 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A = {x  N : x  8 Ges †Rvo msL¨v}
Ki  i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
B = {x  N : x  7 Ges we‡Rvo msL¨v}
141. A = {0, 1, 2, 8} Ges S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges x = y3} n‡j− U = {x  N : x  11}
i. S = {(0, 0), (1, 1), (8, 2)} ii. †Wvg S = {0, 1, 8} 144. A  B = KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. †iÄ S = {0, 1, 2} K {1, 3, 5, 7} L {2, 4, 6, 8}
 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} N
145. A = KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}  {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11}
142. A = {0, 1, 2, 3} Ges R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x} M NU
n‡j R Gi− 146. (A  B) = KZ? (ga¨g)
K {1, 3, 9, 11}  {9, 10, 11} A B
3 2 5
MU N
1
147. P(B)  Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ? (KwVb) 4 6
K 2n  27 M 211 N 24 8 7
C
A
156. U Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
U
1 2 6 B KABC  A  B  C  {8}
3 M A  B  C  {8} N A  B  C  {8}
4
157. A  B  C †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
7 8
C K {1, 2, 6} L
 {1} N {1},  }
148. A\B wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 158. C/A wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K {2, 3}  {1, 4} M {5, 6} N {7, 8} K {3, 4} L {1, 2, 6}
149. (A  B) †mU †KvbwU? (ga¨g) M {1, 2, 4}  {6, 7 }
K L {8}  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 159 − 161 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M {2, 3}  {7, 8} (y) = y3 + ky2 − 4y − 8
150. A\(B  C) wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 159. (0) Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
 {1} L {3} M {8} N K −2 L −2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 151 − 153 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M −6  −8
A = {1, 2, 3} Ges B = {2, 3, 4} 160. (−1) Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
151. P(B) Gi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g) K 2k − 5 k−5 M 2k − 6 N k−6
K3 L6 M7 8 161. k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (−1) = 0 n‡e? (KwVb)
152. A †m‡Ui cÖK…Z Dc‡mU msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g) K2 L3 5 N6
K3 L6 M7 8  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 162 − 164 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
153. A − B wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) P = {2, 3}, Q = {3, 4, 6}
 {1} L {4} M {2, 3} N {1, 2, 3, 4} R = {(x, y) : x  P, y  Q Ges y = 2x}
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 154 I 155 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 162. R = Gi †iÄ †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
U K {2, 3} L {2, 6}
1 2 5 7 4 M {3, 4}  {4, 6}
3 6 8 163. R = Gi †Wv‡gb †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
A B  {2, 3} L {2, 6}
154. A − B †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) M {3, 4} N {4, 6}
 {1, 2, 3} L {2, 4, 7} M {5, 6, 2} N {4, 7, 8} 164. P  Q Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ? (KwVb)
155. A  B †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) K4 L5
6 N7
K {1, 2, 3}  M {4, 7, 8} N {5, 6}

œ 1  C = {2, 5, 6} Ges D = {4, 5}
cÖk- GLv‡b, C  D = {2, 5, 6}  {4, 5}
= {(2, 4),(2, 5),(5, 4),(5, 5),(6, 4),(6, 5)}
K. C I D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v KZ? 2
 R = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (5, 5)}
L. C  D Ges C  D wbY©q Ki| 4 wb‡Y©q Aš^q {(2, 4), (2, 5), (5, 5)}
M. C I D Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x  y we‡ePbv K‡i œ 2  S = {(−3, 8), (−2, 3), (−1, 0), (0, −1), (1, 0), (2, 3)}
cÖk-
Aš^q wbY©q Ki| 4 K. †Wv‡gb I †iÄ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. S Aš^‡qi †Wv‡gb I †iÄ †ei Ki| x  †Wvg S Ges y
 †iÄ S-Aš^qwU †Kvb& kZ© †g‡b P‡j? 4
K. GLv‡b, C = {2, 5, 6} Ges D = {4, 5}
M. L n‡Z cÖvß dvskbwU y = (x) n‡j, †jLwPÎ
C Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 3
 A¼b Ki| †hLv‡b -4  x  4 4
Ges D Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2  (Ans.)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = {2, 5, 6} Ges D = {4, 5}
 C  D = {2, 5, 6}  {4, 5} = {2, 4, 5, 6}(Ans.) K. †Kv‡bv Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU‡K
Ges C  D = {2, 5, 6}  {4, 5} = {5}(Ans.) Gi †Wv‡gb Ges wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †mU‡K Gi †iÄ
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = {2, 5, 6} Ges D = {4, 5} e‡j|
g‡b Kwi, A †mU †_‡K B †m‡U R GKwU Aš^q A_©vr R  A  B
cÖkœvbymv‡i,
R G AšÍf©y³ µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vb †mU n‡e R Gi
Aš^q R = {(x, y) : x  C, y  D Ges x  y}
†Wv‡gb Ges wØZxq Dcv`vb mg~‡ni †mU n‡e R Gi †iÄ| R
Gi †Wv‡gb‡K †Wvg R Ges †iÄ‡K †iÄ R wj‡L cÖKvk Kiv M. −3  x  3 †Wv‡g‡bi x-Gi K‡qKwU gv‡bi Rb¨ y Gi
nq| K‡qKwU gvb wbY©q K‡i ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
L. S Aš^‡q µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi cÖ_g Dcv`vbmg~n : −3, −2, −1, 0, 1,
y 8 3 0 −1 0 3 8
2
Ges wØZxq Dcv`vbmg~n : 8, 3, 0, −1, 0, 3 QK KvM‡R ¶z`ªZg 2 e‡M©i ˆ`N©¨ =1 GKK a‡i, ZvwjKvq
 †Wvg S = {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2} Ges †iÄ S = {−1, 0, 3, 8} we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb K‡i gy³ n‡¯Í †hvM Kwi|
†h‡nZz x  †Wvg S Ges y  †iÄ S Y
myZivs, x = −3 n‡j y = (−3)2 − 1 = 9 − 1 = 8 (−3,8)   (3,8)
x = −2 n‡j y = (−2)2 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3
x = −1 n‡j y = (−1)2 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
x = 0 n‡j y = 02 − 1 = 0 − 1 = −1 (−2,3)   (2,3)
x = 1 n‡j y = 12 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
x = 2 n‡j y = 22 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3 (−1,0)   (1,0)

wb‡Y©q kZ©wU n‡e, y = x2 − 1 X (0,−1) Y X

œ 3  A = {5, 6}, B = {4, 5}
cÖk- A †_‡K B †Z ewY©Z Aš^q = A  B
K. A  B Ges A  B wbY©q Ki| 2 cÖkœg‡Z, A  B = {3, 4, 5}  {2, 3, 4}
L. A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ hw` x > y m¤úK©wU = {(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4),
we‡ePbvq _v‡K, Z‡e Aš^qwU eY©bv Ki| 4 (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
M. A  B Ges A  B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ hw` x < y  A  B Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi g‡a¨ x > y m¤úK©wU
m¤úK©wU we‡ePbvq _v‡K, Z‡e Aš^qwU eY©bv Ki| 4 we‡ePbvq G‡b wb‡Y©q Aš^q, R = {(3, 2) , (4, 2), (4, 3), (5,
2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {3, 4, 5} Ges B = {2, 3, 4}
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {5, 6} Ges B = {4, 5} A †_‡K B †Z ewY©Z Aš^q
AB = {5, 6} {4, 5} = {4, 5, 6} (Ans.) A  B = (3, 4, 5)  {2, 3, 4}
= { (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2),
 AB = {5, 6}  {4, 5} = {5}(Ans.)
(4, 3), (4, 4), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4) }
L. g‡b Kwi, Aš^qwU R. A  B Aš^‡qi µg‡Rvo¸‡jv‡Z x = y m¤úK©wU we‡ePbvq
cÖkœvbymv‡i, R = {(x, y) : x  A, y B Ges x > y} G‡b wb‡Y©q Aš^q, R = {(3, 3), (4, 4)}
A  B = {5, 6}  {4, 5} = {(5, 4), (5, 5), (6, 4), (6, 5)} œ 5  F = {(x, y) : x  C, y  C Ges y = (x)}; †hLv‡b C = {−1, 0, 1}
cÖk-
cÖ`Ë m¤úK© Abymv‡i, R = {(6, 4), (6, 5)} K. (x) = x n‡j F wbY©q Ki| 2
M. GLv‡b, R = {(x, y) : x  (A  B), y  A  B Ges x < y} x
(A  B)  (AB) = {4, 5, 6}  {5}
L. (x) =n‡j F †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z †jL|
2
4
= {(4, 5), (5, 5),(6, 5)} M. ÔKÕ Aš^q n‡Z cÖvß we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb
cÖ`Ë m¤úK© Abymv‡i,R = {(4, 5)} K‡i †`LvI †h, we›`y¸‡jv GKB mij‡iLvq
œ 4  wb‡Pi †mU wZbwU jÿ Ki :
cÖk- Aew¯’Z| 4
A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {2, 3, 4}, U = {2, 3, 4, 5}  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. A  B wbY©q Ki| 2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = { −1, 0, 1}
L. A I B Gi g‡a¨ x > y m¤úK©wU we‡ePbvq G‡b (x) = xn‡j F G ewY©Z kZ© †_‡K cvB,
mswkøó Aš^qwU wbY©q Ki| 4 y=x
M. hw` A I B Gi g‡a¨ x = y m¤úK©wU we‡ePbvq GLb, cÖ‡Z¨K x  C Gi Rb¨ y = x Gi gvb wbY©q Kwi|
Avbv nq Z‡e mswkøó Aš^qwU wbY©q Ki| 4 x −1 0 1
y −1 0 1
 F = {(−1, −1), (0, 0), (1, 1)} (Ans.)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {3, 4, 5}, B = {2, 3, 4}, Ges U = {2, 3, 4, 5} x x
L. (x) = n‡j F G ewY©Z kZ© †_‡K cvB, y =
 A = U − A = {2, 3, 4, 5} − {3, 4, 5} = {2} 2 2
Avevi, B = U − B = {2, 3, 4, 5} − {2, 3, 4} = {5} x
GLb, cÖ‡Z¨K x  C Gi Rb¨ y = 2 Gi gvb wbY©q Kwi|
A  B = {2}  {5} = { } (Ans.) x −1 0 1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {3, 4, 5} Ges B = {2, 3, 4}
y 1 0 1
−2 2
M.
(1x) + 1 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
GLv‡b, −1  C n‡j − 21  C 1
( )−1
0  C n‡j 0  C x
1
1  C n‡j 2  C  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 F = {(0, 0)} (Ans.) K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (x) = 3x − 1
3x + 1
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß Aš^q, F = {( −1, −1), (0, 0), (1, 1)}
AZGe, F Gi µg‡Rvo¸‡jv A(−1, −1), O(0, 0) Ges C(1, 1) 1
QK KvM‡R ¶z`ªZg 10 e‡M©i ˆ`N©¨ = 1 GKK a‡i we›`y¸‡jv ( )=
(
1 2)
+1 3
1
[x Gi gvb = 2 ewm‡q cvB]
21
¯’vcb Kwi| A, O, C we›`y¸‡jv‡K QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i 3( )−1
2
cvB, 3 3+2 5
Y +1
2 2 2 5 2
= = = =  =5
3 3−2 1 2 1
C(1,1)
−1
2 2 2
 (12) = 5 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3x + 1
X O(0,0) X
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = 3x − 1
 (x) + 1
evgcÿ =  (x) − 1
A(−1,−1)
3x + 1
+1
3x − 1
Y   (x) = 3x + 1
O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, A, O, C GKB
= 3x + 1
−1
 3x − 1
3x − 1
mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
3x + 1 + 3x − 1 6x
œ 6  (x) = x3 − 2x + 6, p (x) = x2 − 5x + 6 n‡j,
cÖk- 3x − 1 3x − 1
K. (2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 =
3x + 1 − 3x + 1
= 2
3x − 1 3x − 1
(1)
L. (−3) Ges  3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
6x (3x − 1)
 2 = 3x = Wvbcÿ
M. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi p (x) = 0 n‡e? 4 =
(3x − 1)
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   (x) + 1
 = 3x (cÖgvwYZ)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  = (x) = x3 − 2x + 6  (x) − 1
3
  = (2) = 2 − 22 + 6 = 8 − 4 + 6 = 14 − 4 = 10 (Ans.) 3x + 1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = x3 = − 2x + 6 M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (x) = 3x − 1
3
  = (−3) = (− 3) − 2 (−3) + 6 1 3 3+x
3. + 1 +1
= − 27 + 6 + 6 1 x x x 3+x x
= − 27 + 12
= − 15
 ()
x
=
1
3. − 1
=
3
−1
=
3−x
=
x

3−x
x x x
1 1 3 1
= () ()
3
=
3
− 2 + 6
3  (1x) =
3+x
3−x
1 2 1 − 18 + 162 145
= − +6= = (Ans.) 1
27 3 27 27 ( )+1
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p (x) = x2 − 5x + 6
x 3+x+3−x
ev, =
3+x−3+x
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
Avevi, p (x) = 0 1
( )−1
x
 x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
ev, x2 − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0 6 3
= = (Ans.)
2x x
ev, x (x − 3) − 2 (x − 3) = 0
ev, (x − 3) (x − 2) = 0 2
1+t +t
4
nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, x − 2 = 0 œ 8   (t) =
cÖk- 2
t
ev, x = 3 ev, x = 2
wb‡Y©q gvb x = 3 A_ev, 2 K.  (12) ,  (1) Gi gvb KZ? 2
3x + 1
œ 7  hw` (x) = 3x − 1 nq, Z‡e−
cÖk-
L. †`LvI †h, (t) =  (1t) 4
1
()
K. †`LvI †h,  2 = 5 2 M.  (t) = 4 n‡j, t + t = KZ?
1
4
 (x) + 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h,  (x) − 1 = 3x 4  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
2 4 1
K.  (t) =
1+t +t
2
K. †h‡nZz (x) = 3
t
x−1 1
1 2
1 4
ev, x + 1 = 3
1+ () ()
2
+
2
ev, 3x − 3 = x + 1
 2 (1) = 2
ev, 3x − x = 1 + 3
(12) ev, 2x = 4
1 1 16 + 4 + 1 4
1+ +
4 16 16 21 4 21 ev, x = 2
= = =  =
1 1 16 1 4 x=2
4 4 1
 x = 2 n‡j,  (x) = n‡e|
1 + 1 2 + 14 1 + 1 + 1 3 3
 (1) = = = =3
12 1 1 x−1
1 21 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (x) = x + 1
()
wb‡Y©q gvb  2 = 4 , (1) = 3
2 4
1
−1
1 − 2 −1
1+t +t 2 2 2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (t) = 
1 1
t
2
()
2
=
1
+1
=
1+2
=
3
=−
3
1 2 1 4 2 2 2
1+ () ()
t
+
t 1 1

1
()t
=
1 2
()2
+1 − +1
3
() t
GLb,
1
=
1
1 1
1+ 2+ 4
t4 + t 2 + 1 ()2
−1 −3−1
t t t4 t4 + t 2 + 1 2 −1 + 3 2
= = = t
1 1 t4 3 3 2 3 1
= = =  = − (Ans.)
−1 − 3 −4 3 −4

2 2
t t 2
t4 + t2 + 1 1 + t2 + t4 1 + t2 + t4
= 2 = 2 =  (t) [ (t) = ] 3 3 2
t2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (x) = xx −+ 11
t t
1
  (t) =  () t
1
−1
M. cÖkœg‡Z,  (t) = 4 1 x2
ev,
1 + t 2 + t4
t2
=4
ev,  () x2
=
1
+1
x2
1 t2 t4 1 − x2
ev, t2 + t2 + t2 = 4
x2
1
ev, t2 + 1 + t2 = 4 (1)
ev,  x2 =
1 + x2
1 x2
ev, t2 + t2 + 1 = 4 1 1 − x2 x2
2
ev,  (x ) 2 =
x2

1 + x2
ev, (t + 1t) − 2t 1t = 4 − 1 1
ev,  (x ) 2 =
1 − x2
2
1 + x2
( 1)
ev, t + t = 3 + 2
1
( )+1
1 x 1−x +1+x
2
ev, t + t =  5 ev, =
2 2
1 1−x −1−x 2 2
ev,
1
t+ = 5 [ mgq FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|] ( )−1 2
t x
1 1
  (t) = 4 n‡j, t + = 5 (Ans.) ( )+1 2
t x 2
ev, =
− 2x
x−1 1 2
œ 9   (x) = x + 1
cÖk- ( )−1 2
x
1 1
K. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨  (x) = 3 n‡e? 2 ( )+1 2
x 1
1  =
−x
(cÖgvwYZ) 2
L.
 ( ) + 1 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2
4
1
( )−1
x 2
1 x−1
( )−1 œ 10  (x) = x + 1
cÖk-
2
1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h,
( )+1
x
=−
1
2
4
K. (− 3) Ges  (13) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
1
( )−1
x
x
2
2
L.
(x1) + 1 Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
1
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ( )−1
x
 (x) −  (y) x−y  (y) = 10
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 +  (x)  (y) = 1 + xy 4
3y + 1
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, 3y − 1 = 10
x−1 ev, 3y + 1 = 30y − 10
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (x) = x + 1 ev, 30y − 3y = 1 + 10
( − 3) − 1 − 3 − 1 − 4 ev, 27y = 11
  (−3) = = = =2
(− 3) + 1 − 3 + 1 − 2 11
1 1−3  y = 27
−1
1 3 3 −2 3 1
Ges  ()
3
=1
3
+1
=
1+3
3
=  =−
3 4 2 L. GLv‡b, (x) = x2 − 2ax + (a + b)(a − b)
= x2 −x (a + b) − x(a − b) + (a + b)(a − b)
wb‡Y©q gvb 1
2 Ges − 2  = x(x − a − b) − (a − b)(x − a − b)
= (x − a − b)(x − a + b)
1 1−x
−1 myZivs (x) = 0
1 x x 1−x x 1−x
L. () x
=
1
+1
=
1+x
=
x
 =
1+x 1+x
ev, (x − a − b)(x − a + b) = 0
nq, x − a − b = 0 A_ev, x − a + b = 0
x x
1 ev, x = a + b ev, x = a − b

 ()
x
+1
=
(1 − x) + (1 + x)
x Gi gvb a + b A_ev a − b Gi Rb¨ (x) = 0 n‡e|
3y + 1
1 (1 − x) − (1 + x) M. GLv‡b, (y) = 3y − 1
 ()
x
−1
1 3
1−x+1+x 2 1 3 +1 +1
= = = − (Ans.) 1 y y
1− x − 1 − x − 2x x  () = =
y 1 3
wb‡Y©q gvb −x
1 3 −1 −1
y y
x−1 y−1 1
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  (x) = x + 1 Ges  (y) = y + 1  y + 1 3y + 1 + 3y − 1
()
ev, = [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
x−1 y−1 1 3 3
 (x) −  (y)
−
x+1 y+1
GLb 1 +  (x)  (y) = x − 1 y − 1
 ()
y
−1 y+1−y+1
3+3
1+ . y 6 1 3
x+1 y+1 = 2 = y  2 = y (Ans.)
(x − 1) (y + 1) − (y − 1) (x + 1)
3
=
(x + 1) (y + 1) wb‡Y©q gvb y
(x + 1) (y + 1) + (x − 1) (y − 1)
1 4x + 1
(x + 1) (y + 1)
xy + x − y − 1 − (xy + y − x − 1)
cÖk- ()
œ 12   x = 4x − 1
(x + 1) (y + 1) K.  (x) = KZ? 2
=
xy + x + y + 1 + xy − x − y + 1 1
(x + 1) (y + 1)
L.
() x
−1
= KZ? 4
xy + x − y − 1 − xy − y + x + 1 (x + 1) (y + 1) 1
=
(x + 1) (y + 1)

2xy + 2
() x
+1
2 (x − y) x−y x−y  (x) + 1
= = =
2 (xy + 1) xy + 1 1 + xy M.  (x) − 1
= KZ? 4

 (x) −  (y)
=
x−y
(cÖgvwYZ)  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 +  (x)  (y) 1 + xy
œ 11  (x) = x2 − 2ax + (a + b)(a − b)
cÖk- (1)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  x = 4x − 1
4x + 1
3y + 1 1 1
Ges (y) = 3y − 1 `yBwU dvskb| 1
ev,  ( ) =
(
x4+ ) 4+
x
=
x
K. (y) = 10 n‡j, y wbY©q Ki| 2 x 1
x (4 − ) 4 −
1
x x
L. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (x) = 0 n‡e? 4 4+x 1
1 ev,  (x) = 4 − x [x = x a‡i ]
 y +1
() 4+x
M. = KZ? 4   (x) = Ans.
1 4−x
()
y
−1
L.
1
() 4x + 1
†Ìqv Av‡Q,  x = 4x − 1
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  1 4x + 1 4x + 1 + 4x − 1
3y + 1
K. GLv‡b, (y) = 3y − 1
()
ev,  x + 1 = 4x − 1 + 1 = 4x − 1
 (1x) + 1 = 4x8x− 1 
(

1
x)
−1
=
2
4x − 1
=
2

4x − 1 1
= (Ans.)
1 4x + 1
Avevi,  (x) = 4x − 1 1 8x 4x − 1 8x 4x
 ( ) + 1 4x − 1
x
1 4x + 1
ev,  (x) −1 = 4x − 1 − 1 M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,  (x) = 4 − x
4+x
1 4x + 1 − 4x + 1
ev,  (x) −1 = 4x − 1
 (x) + 1 4 + x + 4 − x
ev,  (x) − 1 = 4 + x − 4 + x [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
1 2
ev,  (x) −1 = 4x − 1  (x) + 1 8
ev,  (x) − 1 = 2x
 (x) + 1 4
 = (Ans.)
 (x) − 1 x

1 + x 2 + x4 1
œ 13  hw` (i) g(x) =
cÖk- x2
(ii) (y) = y + ky2 − 4y − 8
3 L. g(x) =
(x)
 +1 2
n‡j, g(x) †K x Gi gva¨‡g
1
1 ( ) − 1
K. ()
g 2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
x
2
cÖKvk Ki|
x 2
4
L. k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (−2) = 0 n‡e? 4
M. ()1
†`LvI †h, g x2 = g(x2) 4
M.
g(x1 ) + 1 wbY©q Ki|
2
4
1
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  g( ) − 1
x 2
1 + x 2 + x4
K. GLv‡b, g(x) = x2  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 2 1 4 2x + 1
1
1+ () ()
x2
+
x2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = 2x − 1
()
g 2 =
x 1 2 1
() x2 1 (x)
+12 2
1 1 x8 + x4 + 1  2
x ( ) 2 1 −1
=
=
1+ 4+ 8
x x
=
x8
=
1 + x 4 + x8
(Ans.)
(x ) 2
1 1 x4 2
x 4 x 4 +1
x2
L. GLv‡b, (y) = y3 + ky2 − 4y − 8 =
2
 (−2) = (−2)3 + k(−2)2 −4(−2) − 8 −1
x2
= −8 + 4k + 8 − 8 = 4k − 8 2 + x2
kZ©g‡Z, (−2) = 0 x2
ev, 4k − 8 = 0 =
2 − x2
ev, 4k = 8  k = 2 x2
 k = 2 Gi Rb¨ (−2) = 0 n‡e| 2 + x2 x/2
= 2 
1 1 + x 4 + x8 2 − x2
M. ()
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, g x2 =
2 4
x4
=
/x
2 + x2
(Ans.)
Avevi, g(x) =
1+x +x 2 − x2
x2 1
 g(x2) =
1 + (x 2)2 + (x2)4
2
(x ) 2 =
1 + x 4 + x8
x4 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, g(x) =
()
 2 +1
x
1
()1
 g 2 = g(x2) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x
()
 2 −1
x
1 2 + x2
2x + 1
œ 14  (x) = 2x − 1
cÖk- ()
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,  x2 = 2 − x2
1
(1)
K.  x2 wbY©q Ki| 2 
 2 +1
x () =
2 + x2 + 2 − x2
1 2 + x2 − 2 + x2
()
 2 −1
x
4 2
= 2x2 =
1
2 x4
=
x2 x4
2 =2 = 2x4
 g(x) = 2 (Ans.)
x
1
1
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, g(x) = x2
2
(
g
x)
+1
2
2x + 1 1 4
2x − 1 (x )

1
= [g Gi gvb ewm‡q] (Ans.)
4 2
1 2 g( ) − 1
g () ()
x2
=
1 2
x 2
x2

œ 15  (x) = x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6
cÖk- œ 19  R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges x = y + 1}
cÖk-
K. (2) wbY©q Ki| 2 †hLv‡b, A = {1, 2, 3} Ges B = {0, 2, 4}
L. (x) = (2) n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 K. A  B wbY©q Ki| 2
M. ÔLÕ G cÖvß x-Gi wewfbœ gvb‡K A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb we‡ePbv K‡i Ges L. R Aš^q‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z eY©bv Ki Ges Gi †Wv‡gb I
R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x + 1} n‡j, R †K ZvwjKv †iÄ wbY©q Ki| 4
c×wZ‡Z eY©bv Ki Ges †Wvg R I †iÄ R wbY©q Ki| 4 M. R Aš^‡qi Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K we›`y we‡ePbv K‡i QK KvM‡R
DËi : K. 0; L. x = 1, 2, 3; M. R = {(1, 2),(2, 3)}, ¯’vcb Ki Ges we›`yØ‡qi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
†Wvg R = {1, 2}, †iÄ R = {2, 3} DËi : K. {(1, 0),(1, 2),(1,4),(2, 0),(2, 2),(2, 4),(3, 0),(3, 2),(3, 4)};
œ 16  R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges x + y = 1}
cÖk- L. R = {(2, 1),(3, 2)}, †Wv‡gb = {2, 3}, †iÄ = {1, 2};
†hLv‡b A = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2} M. `~iZ¡ = 2.
K. Aš^qwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. Aš^qwUi †Wv‡gb Ges †iÄ †ei Ki| Ges †Wv‡gb‡K D Ges œ 20  A, B, C wZbwU †mU| †hLv‡b,
cÖk-
†iÄ‡K R †mU Øviv m~wPZ Ki| 4 A = {x  N : x  6 Ges x we‡Rvo msL¨v}
M. C = {a} n‡j C  (D  R) wbY©q Ki| 4 B = {x  N : x  6 Ges x †Rvo msL¨v}
DËi : K. {(−1, 2),(0, 1),(1, 0),(2, −1)}; C = {x  N : x  4 Ges x †gŠwjK msL¨v}
L. D = {−1, 0, 1, 2}, R = {−1, 0, 1, 2}; K. †mU B I C †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
M. {(a, −1),(a, 0),(a, 1),(a, 2)}
L. P(A  C) wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h, Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2 †K n
œ 17  A = {3, 6, 9, 12} Ges B = {x  N : 1  x  11 Ges x

cÖk- mg_©b K‡i| 4
we‡Rvo msL¨v| M. †h‡Kv‡bv Aš^q R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  B Ges y = x + 1}
K. A †mU‡K †mU MVb c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 n‡j R- †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 4
L. D = A  B n‡j A  D Ges D  B wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. B = {2, 4, 6}, C = {2, 3};
M. C = {(x, y) : x  D, y  B Ges x  y + 1} n‡j R Gi L. P(A  C) = {{3}, };
†Wv‡gb I †iÄ wbY©q Ki| 4 M. R = {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)}
DËi : K. A = {x  N : x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  12};
5a + 1
L. A  D = {(3, 3),(3, 9),(6, 3),(6, 9),(9,3),(9, 9), (12, 3),(12, 9)} cÖk-
œ 21  (a) = 5a − 1 GKwU dvskb|
D  B = {(3,3),(3,5),(3,7),(3,9),(9,3),(9,5)(9,7), (9,9)};
M. †Wv‡gb = {9}, †iÄ = {3, 5, 7}. K. (0) Ges (3) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
(a) + 1
œ 18  (x) = x3 − 3x2 + 1 Ges g(x) = x(1 − x)
cÖk- L. (a) − 1
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
(x) 1
K. h(x) = g(x) n‡j, h(2) †ei Ki| 2 ( a)
+1
5
M. †`LvI †h, 1 = 4
(1)
L. h x = h(1 − x) cÖgvY Ki| 4 ( ) − 1
a
a
h(1 − x) + 1
M. k(x) = h(1 − x) − 1 n‡j, k(−1) †ei Ki| 4 8
DËi : K. −1, 7; L. 5a
DËi : K. 32; M. 5.
Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 22  U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
cÖk- A = {(x  N : x †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges x  7}
B = {(x  N : x †Rvo msL¨v Ges x < 7} Aš^qwU ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv|
K. B †K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 GLb, †Wvg R = {−1, 0, 1} Ges †iÄ R = {−1, 1, 3} (Ans.)
L. †`LvI †h, (A  B) = A  B| 4 M †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {−1, 0, 1, 3}
 P(A) = {{− 1, 0, 1, 3}, {−1, 0, 1} {−1, 0, 3}, {−1, 1,
M. hw` A I B Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ y= x + 1 3}, {0, 1, 3}, {−1, 0}, {−1, 1}, {−1, 3} {0, 1},
m¤úK© we‡ePbvq _v‡K Z‡e Aš^qwU wbY©q Ki| 4 {0, 3}, {1, 3}, {−1}, {0}, {1}, {3}, }
P(A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v = 16
 22bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A †m‡Ui Dcv`vb msL¨v, n = 4
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = {x  N : x †Rvo msL¨v Ges x < 7} 2n = 24 = 16
7 A‡cÿv †QvU †Rvo msL¨v¸‡jv n‡jv 2, 4, 6. †h‡nZz P(A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n Gi mgvb|
 B = {2, 4, 6}. (Ans.)  P(A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v 2n †K mg_©b K‡i| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {x  N : x †gŠwjK msL¨v Ges x  7} cÖk-œ 24  (i) R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A Ges y = x + 1} Ges A
7 Gi mgvb A_ev †QvU Ggb †gŠwjK msL¨v ¸‡jv n‡jv 2, 3, 4, 5, 7. = {1, 2, 3, 4}
 A = { 2, 3, 4, 5 7}. (ii) P = {x  N : x2  8 Ges x3  150}
Avevi, ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, B = {2, 4, 6}. (iii) Q = {x  R : x2 − (a + b) x + ab = 0}
GLb, A = U − A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} − {2, 3, 4, 5, 7} K. Q †m‡Ui Dc‡mU wbY©q Ki| 2
= {1, 6, 7} L. Q †mU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 4
B = {U − B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}−{2, 4, 6}
= {1, 3, 5, 7} M. R Aš^‡qi †iÄ‡K R †mU a‡i Q  (R  P) Ges
AB = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6} = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Q  (R  P) wbY©q Ki| 4
evgcÿ = (AB)  24bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= U − (AB)
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}−{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1} K Q = {x  R : x2 − (a + b)x + ab = 0}
Wvbcÿ = AB = {1, 6}  {1, 3, 5, 7} = {1} GLb, x2 − (a + b)x + ab = 0
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ ev, x2 − ax − bx + ab = 0
A_©vr (AB) = AB (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, x(x − a) − b(x − a) = 0
M ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, A = {2, 3, 5, 7} ev, (x − a) (x − b) = 0
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, B = {2, 4, 6} nq, x − a = 0 A_ev, x − b = 0
cÖkœvbymv‡i, Aš^q R = {(x, y) : x + A, y  B Ges y = x +} x=a x=b
A  B = {2, 3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6} Q = {a, b}
= {(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (3, 2), (5, 4), Q †m‡Ui Dc‡mU¸‡jv
n‡”Q {a, b}, {a}, {b},  (Ans.)
(5, 6), (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)} L ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †mU, N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..............}
wb‡Y©q Aš^qwU, R = {(3, 4), (5, 6)} (Ans.) GLb, x = 1 n‡j, x2 = 12 = 1  Ges x3 = 13 = 1  150 kZ©
gv‡b bv
œ 23  hw` R = {(x, y); x  A, y  A Ges y − 2x = 1},
cÖk- x = 2 n‡j, x2 = 22 = 4  8 Ges x3 = 23 = 8  150 kZ© gv‡b bv
†hLv‡b A = {− 1, 0, 1, 3} x = 3 n‡j, x2 = 32 = 9  8 Ges x3 = 33 = 27  150 kZ© gv‡b
K. Aš^q I dvskb ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 x = 4 n‡j, x2 = 42 = 16  8 Ges x3 = 43 = 64  150 kZ© gv‡b
L. R Aš^qwU‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki Ges x = 5 n‡j, x2 = 52 = 25  8 Ges x3 = 53 = 125  150 kZ© gv‡b
†Wv‡gb I †iÄ wbY©q Ki| 4 x = 6 n‡j, x2 = 62 = 36  8 Ges x3 = 63 = 216  150 kZ© gv‡b bv
M. P(A) wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h, P(A) Gi Dcv`vb msL¨v  P = {3, 4, 5} (Ans.)
2n †K mg_©b K‡i| 4 M kZ© †_‡K cvB, y = x + 1
 23bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb, x  A Gi Rb¨ y = x + 1 Gi gvb wbY©q Kwi :
K hw` A I B `yBwU †mU nq Z‡e †mUØ‡qi Kv‡Z©mxq ¸YR x 1 2 3 4
y 2 3 4 5
A  B †m‡Ui AšÍM©Z µg‡Rvo¸‡jvi Ak~b¨ Dc‡mU R †K A
 5  A  (4, 5)  R
†mU n‡Z B †m‡Ui GKwU Aš^q ev m¤úK© e‡j| †iÄ R = {2, 3, 4}
hw` †Kv‡bv Aš^‡qi µg‡Rv‡oi 1g Dcv`vb¸wj wfbœ wfbœ nq ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, P = {3, 4, 5}
Z‡e Zv‡Ki dvskb e‡j|  R  P = {2, 3, 4}  {3, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = {−1, 0, 1, 3} Ges R Gi ewY©Z kZ© †_‡K cvB, GLb, Q  (R  P) = {a, b}  {2, 3, 4, 5}
y = 2x + 1 Gi gvb wbY©q Kwi : = {(a, 2), (a, 3), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 3), (b, 4), (b, 5) (Ans)
x −1 0 1 3 Ges Q  (R  P)
y −1 1 3 7  R  P = {2, 3, 4}  {3, 4, 5} = {3, 4}
†h‡nZz 7  A, Kv‡RB (3, 7)  R  Q  (R  P) = {a, b}  {3, 4}
= {(a, 3), (a, 4), (b, 3), (b, 4)} (Ans.)
yo
AZGe, R = {(− 1, − 1), (0, 1), (1, 3)}
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
exRMvwYwZK ivwk Diophantus
Wv‡qvd¨v›Uvm‡K 200-284 exRMwY‡Zi RbK ejv
nq| wZwb cÖ_g exRMwY‡Zi msL¨vi ZvwjKv ˆZwi
Algebraic Expressions K‡ib|
A b yk xj b x 3 .1
 exRMvwYwZK ivwk : cÖwµqv wPý Ges msL¨vwb‡`©kK Aÿi cÖZxK Gi A_©‡evaK web¨vm‡K exRMvwYwZK ivwk ejv nq|
†hgb, 2a + 3b − 4c GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk| exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z a, b, c, p, q, r, m, n, x, y, z,  BZ¨vw` eY©gvjvi gva¨‡g
wewfbœ Z_¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq| exRMvwYwZK ivwk msewjZ wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b GB mg¯Í eY©gvjv‡K eënvi Kiv nq| cvwUMwY‡Z ïay
abvZ¥K msL¨v eën„Z nq, Ab¨w`‡K exRMwY‡Z k~b¨mn abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K mKj msL¨v eënvi Kiv nq| exRMwYZ‡K cvwUMwY‡Zi
me©vqbK…Z iƒc ejv nq| exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z eëüZ msL¨v¸‡jv aªæeK (constant), G‡ì gvb wbw`©ó|
exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z eëüZ Aÿi cÖZxK¸‡jv PjK (variables), G‡ì gvb wbw`©ó bq, Giv wewfbœ gvb aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 exRMvwYwZK m~Îvewj : exRMvwYwZK cÖZxK Øviv cÖKvwkZ †h‡Kv‡bv mvaviY wbqg ev wm×všÍ‡K exRMvwYwZK m~Î ejv nq|
m~Î 1| (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 Abywm×všÍ 3| (a + b)2 = (a − b)2 + 4ab
m~Î 2| (a − b) = a2 − 2ab + b2
2 Abywm×všÍ 4| (a −b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab
2 2
m~Î 3| a − b = (a + b) (a − b)
2 2
(a + b) + (a − b)
Aby w m×všÍ 5| a2 + b2 =
m~Î 4| (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab 2
a − b
2 2
−
m~Î 5| (a + b + c) = a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
2 2 2 2 a + b
Abywm×všÍ 1| a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 − 2ab
Aby w m×všÍ 6| ab =
2 ( )  2 
Abywm×všÍ 7| a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 − 2(ab + bc + ac)
Abywm×všÍ 2| a + b = (a − b) + 2ab
2 2 2
Abywm×všÍ 8| 2(ab + bc + ac) = (a + b + c)2 − (a2 + b2 + c2)

cÖkœ \ 1 \ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ eM© wbY©q Ki : 4
=x +
4x2 4
+ (Ans.)
(K) 2a + 3b y2 y4
1
mgvavb : 2a + 3b Gi eM© = (2a + 3b)2 (N) a + a
2 2
= (2a) + 2  2a  3b + (3b) 2 2
1
(L) 2ab + 3bc
2 2
= 4a + 12ab + 9b (Ans.) ( 1)
mgvavb : a + a Gi eM© = a + a = a2 + 2  a  a + a
1
(1)
1
mgvavb : 2ab + 3bc Gi eM© = a2 + 2 +
a2
(Ans.)
= (2ab + 3bc)2 (O) 4y − 5x
= (2ab)2 + 2  2ab  3bc + (3bc)2 mgvavb : 4y − 5x Gi eM© = (4y − 5x)2
= 4a2b2 + 12ab2c + 9b2c2 (Ans.) = (4y)2 − 2  4y  5x + (5x)2
2 = 16y2 − 40xy + 25x2 (Ans.)
(M) x2 + y2
2
(P) ab − c
2 2 mgvavb : ab − c Gi eM© = (ab − c)2 = (ab)2 −2  ab  c + (c)2
(
mgvavb : x2 + y2 Gi eM© = x2 + y2 ) 2
= a2b2 − 2abc + c2 (Ans.)
2 2 (Q) 5x2− y
= (x2)2 +2 x2  2+
y ()y2 mgvavb : 5x2 − y Gi eM© = (5x2 − y)2
= (5x2)2 − 2  5x2  y + (y)2
= 25x4 − 10x2y + y2 (Ans.) = 10000 + 200 + 1 = 10201 (Ans.)
(R) x + 2y + 4z (Y) 997
mgvavb : x + 2y + 4z Gi eM© mgvavb : 997 Gi eM©
= (x + 2y + 4z)2 = {(x + 2y) + 4z}2 = (997)
2
= (x + 2y)2 + 2  (x + 2y)  4z + (4z)2 = (1000 − 3)

2
= x2 + 2  x  2y + (2y)2 + 8zx + 16yz + 16z2 2 2
= (1000) − 2  1000  3 + (3)
= x2 + 4xy + 4y2 + 8zx + 16yz + 16z2
= x2 + 4y2 + 16z2 + 4xy + 16yz + 8zx (Ans.) = 1000000 − 6000 + 9 = 994009 (Ans.)
(S) 3p + 4q − 5r (Z) 1007
mgvavb : 3p + 4q − 5r Gi eM© mgvavb : 1007 Gi eM©
= (3p + 4q − 5r)2 = (1007)
2
= {(3p + 4q) − 5r}2 = (1000 + 7)

2
= (3p + 4q )2 − 2  (3p + 4q)  5r + (5r)2 2 2
= (1000) + 2  1000  7 + (7)
= (3p)2 + 2  3p  4q + (4q)2 − 10r (3p + 4q) + 25r2 = 1000000 + 14000 + 49 = 1014049 (Ans.)
= 9p2 + 24pq + 16q2 − 30pr − 40qr + 25r2
= 9p2 + 16q2 + 25r2 + 24pq − 40qr − 30pr (Ans.) cÖkœ \ 2 \ mij Ki :
(T) 3b − 5c − 2a (K) (2a + 7)2 + 2(2a + 7) (2a − 7) + (2a − 7)2
mgvavb : 3b − 5c − 2a Gi eM© mgvavb : awi, 2a + 7 = x Ges 2a − 7 = y
= (3b − 5c − 2a)2  cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 + 2xy + y2
= {(3b − 5c) − 2a}2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x + y)2
[gvb ewm‡q]
2
= (3b − 5c)2 − 2  (3b − 5c)  2a + (2a)2 = {(2a + 7) + (2a −7)}
= (3b)2 − 2  3b  5c + (5c)2 − (3b − 5c)  4a + 4a2 = (2a + 7 + 2a − 7) = (4a)2 = 16a2 (Ans.)
2
= 9b2 − 30bc + 25c2 − 12ab + 20ca + 4a2 (L) (3x + 2y)2 + 2(3x + 2y) (3x − 2y) + (3x − 2y)2
= 4a2 + 9b2 + 25c2 − 12ab − 30bc + 20ca (Ans.) mgvavb : awi, 3x + 2y = a Ges 3x − 2y = b
(U) ax − by − cz  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2 + 2 a b + b2
mgvavb : ax − by − cz Gi eM© = a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
= (ax − by − cz)2 = {(3x + 2y) + (3x − 2y)}2 [gvb ewm‡q]
= {(ax − by)2 − cz}2 = (3x + 2y + 3x − 2y)2
= (ax − by)2 − 2  (ax − by)  cz + (cz)2 = (6x)2 = 36x2 (Ans.)
= (ax)2 − 2  ax  by + (by)2 − (ax − by)  2cz + c2z2 (M) (7p + 3r − 5x)2 − 2 (7p + 3r − 5x) (8p − 4r − 5x) + (8p − 4r − 5x)2
= a2x2 − 2abxy + b2y2 − 2cazx + 2bcyz + c2z2 mgvavb : awi, 7p + 3r − 5x = a Ges 8p − 4r − 5x = b
= a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2 − 2abxy + 2bcyz − 2cazx (Ans.)  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2 − 2ab + b2 = (a − b)2
(V) a − b + c − d = {(7p + 3r − 5x) − (8p − 4r − 5x)}2
mgvavb : a − b + c − d Gi eM© [ a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (a − b + c − d)2 = (7p + 3r − 5x − 8p + 4r + 5x)2
= {(a − b) + (c − d)}2 = (− p + 7r)2
= (a − b)2 + 2  (a − b)  (c − d) + (c − d)2 = ( − p)2 + 2  (− p)  (7r) + (7r)2
= a2 − 2  a  b + b2 + 2(a − b) (c − d) + c2 − 2  c  d + d2 = p2 −14pr + 49r2
= a2 − 2ab + b2 + 2ac − 2ad − 2bc + 2bd + c2 − 2cd + d2 = p2 + 49r2 − 14pr (Ans.)
= a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 − 2ab + 2ac − 2ad − 2bc + 2bd − 2cd (Ans.) (N) (2m + 3n − p)2 + (2m − 3n + p)2 − 2(2m + 3n − p)(2m − 3n + p)
(W) 2a + 3x − 2y − 5z mgvavb : awi, 2m + 3n − p = a Ges 2m − 3n + p = b
mgvavb : 2a + 3x − 2y − 5z Gi eM©  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2 + b2 − 2.ab = (a − b)2
= (2a + 3x − 2y − 5z)2 = {(2m + 3n − p) − (2m −3n + p)}2
= {(2a + 3x) − (2y + 5z)}2 [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (2a + 3x)2 − 2  (2a + 3x)  (2y + 5z) + (2y + 5z)2 = (2m + 3n − p − 2m + 3n − p)2
= (2a)2 + 2  2a  3x + (3x)2 − 2(2a + 3x) (2y + 5z) = (6n − 2p)2
+ (2y)2 + 2  2y  5z + (5z)2 = (6n)2 − 2  6n  2p + (2p)2
= 4a2 + 12ax + 9x2 − 2(4ay + 10az + 6xy + 15xz) = 36n2 − 24np + 4p2 (Ans.)
+ 4y2 + 20yz + 25z2 (O) 635  635 + 2  635  365 + 365  365
= 4a2 + 12ax + 9x2 − 8ay − 20az − 12xy − 30xz + 4y2 mgvavb : awi, 635 = a Ges 365 = b
+ 20yz + 25z2  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a  a + 2  a  b + b  b
= 4a2 + 9x2 + 4y2 + 25z2 + 12ax − 8ay − 20az − 12xy 2
= a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)
− 30xz + 20yz (Ans.)
= (635 + 365) [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]
2
(X) 101 2
mgvavb : 101 Gi eM© = (10) = 100 (Ans.)
= (101)
2 (P) 5874  5874 + 3774  3774 − 7548  5874
= (100 + 1)
2 mgvavb : 5874  5874 + 3774  3774 − 7548  5874
2 2
2
= (100) + 2  100  1 + (1)
2
= (5874) + (3774) − 2  5874  3774
awi, 5874 = a Ges 3774 = b 1
cÖkœ \ 7 \ x − x = 4 n‡j,cÖgvY Ki †h, x4 + x4 = 322
1
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2 + b2 − 2ab = (a − b)
2
1
= (5874 − 3774) [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]
2 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − x = 4
2 2
1 1
= (2100) = 4410000 (Ans.)
7529  7529 − 7519  7519
evgcÿ = x4 + x4 = (x2) + x2
2
()
(Q) 2
7529 + 7519
mgvavb : awi, 7529 = a Ges 7519 = b
( ) − 2 . x . x1
x
1
= x2 + 2
2
2
2
1
 cÖ`Ë ivwk =
a  a − b  b a2 − b2
a+b = a+b ( ) −2
= x2 + 2
x

( ) + 2 . x . 1x − 2
2 2
(a + b) (a − b) 1
=  x−
= (a + b) = (a − b)  x
= (7529 − 7519) [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q] = {(4)2 + 2}2 − 2 [gvb ewm‡q]
= 10 (Ans.) = (16 + − 2 = (18)2 − 2 = 324 − 2
2)2
2345  2345 − 759  759 = 322 = Wvbcÿ
(R) 2345 − 759  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
mgvavb : awi, 2345 = a Ges 759 = b 1
A_©vr, x4 + x4 = 322 (cÖgvwYZ)
a  a − b  b a2 − b2
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = = 2 1
a−b a−b cÖkœ \ 8 \ 2x + x = 3 n‡j, x2 + x2 Gi gvb KZ?
(a + b) (a − b) 2
= = (a + b) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x + x = 3
(a − b)
= (2345 + 759) [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= 3104 (Ans.) ( 1)
ev, 2 x + x = 3
1 3
cÖkœ \ 3 \ a − b = 4 Ges ab = 60 n‡j, a + b Gi gvb KZ? x+ =
x 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a − b = 4 Ges ab = 60 1
2
Avgiv Rvwb, (a + b)2 = (a − b)2 + 4ab  cÖ`Ë ivwk, x2 + x2 = ( ) − 2  x  1x

x+
2
1
x
= (4)2 + 4  60 [gvb ewm‡q] 3
=( ) −2 [gvb ewm‡q]
2
= 16 + 240 = 256
9 9−8 1
 a + b =  256 = 16 = −2= =
4 4 4
wb‡Y©q gvb 16 1 1 1
cÖkœ \ 9 \ a + a = 2 n‡j, †`LvI †h, a + a2 = a + a4
2 4
cÖkœ \ 4 \ a + b = 7 Ges ab = 12 n‡j a − b Gi gvb KZ? 1

mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 7 Ges ab = 12 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + a = 2
2
Avgiv Rvwb, (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab 1 1 1
evgcÿ = a2 + a2 = a + a − 2.a.a ( )
= (7)2 − 4  12 [gvb ewm‡q]
= (2)2 − 2 [gvb ewm‡q]
= 49 − 48 =4−2=2
=1 2
1 1
a−b= 1=1
Wvbcÿ = a4 + a4 = (a2)2 + a2 ()
wb‡Y©q gvb  1 1 2 1 1 2
cÖkœ \ 5 \ a + b = 9m Ges ab = 18m2 n‡j, a − b Gi gvb KZ? ( )
= a2 + 2 − 2a2 2 = a2 + 2 − 2
a a a ( )
 1
2 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 9m Ges ab = 18m2 1
Avgiv Rvwb, (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab
= a+
 ( )a
2
− 2 . a .  − 2 [gvb ewm‡q]
a
= {(2)2 − 2} − 2 = (4 − 2)2 − 2
= (9m)2 − 4  18m2 [gvb ewm‡q] = (2)2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2
= 81m2 − 72m2 = 9m2 1 1
 a2 + 2 = a4 + a4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
a
 a − b =  9m2 =  3m
wb‡Y©q gvb  3m cÖkœ \ 10 \ a + b = 7 Ges a − b = 5 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h,
8ab(a2 + b2) = 24
cÖkœ \ 6 \ x − y = 2 Ges xy = 63 n‡j, x2 + y2 Gi gvb KZ? mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 7 Ges a − b = 5
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − y = 2 Ges xy = 63 evgcÿ = 8ab(a2 + b2)
Avgiv Rvwb, x2 + y2 = (x − y)2 + 2xy = 4ab  2(a2 + b2) = 4ab (2a2 + 2b2)
= {(a + b)2 − (a − b)2}{(a + b)2 + (a − b)2}
= (2) + 2  63 [gvb ewm‡q]
2
= {( 7) − ( 5) }{( 7) + ( 5) } [gvb ewm‡q]

2 2 2 2
= 4 + 126 = 130
= ( 7 − 5) (7 + 5)
= 2  12 = 24 x2 + 2xy + y2 − x2 + 2xy − y2
2
=
= Wvbcÿ  4 
evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ 4xy
2
A_©vr, 8ab(a2 + b2) = 24 (cÖgvwYZ)

= ( ) 4
=x y 2 2
x2 − y2
2 2
cÖkœ \ 11 \ a + b + c = 9 Ges ab + bc + ca = 31 n‡j, a2 + b2 + c2 x2 + y2
−
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
Wvbcÿ = ( ) 2
2  2 
2 2 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 9 Ges ab + bc + ca = 31 (x2) + 2  x2  y2 + (y2) (x2) − 2  x2  y2 + (y2)
= −
Avgiv Rvwb, (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca 4 4
ev, (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) x4 + 2x2y2 + y4 − x4 + 2x2y2 − y4
=
4
ev, a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 − 2(ab + bc + ca) 4x2y2
ev, a2 + b2 + c2 = (9)2 − 2  31 [gvb ewm‡q] =
4
= x2y2
ev, a2 + b2 + c2 = 81 − 62  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
 a2 + b2 + c2 = 19 (Ans.)  x+y
2
x−y 
2 2
x2−y2
2
− −
x2+y2 2
cÖkœ \ 12 \ a + b + c2 = 9 Ges ab + bc + ca = 8 n‡j, (a + b + c)2
2 2
 ( )
A_©vr,  2  2   = ( ) 2  2 
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| (cÖgvwYZ)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a2 + b2 + c2 = 9 Ges ab + bc + ca = 8 cÖkœ \ 17 \ (a + 2b)(3a + 2c) †K `yBwU e‡M©i we‡qvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki|
Avgiv Rvwb, (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca 2
a − b
2
−
a+b
= a2 + b2 + c2 +
2(ab + bc + ca) mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, ab = ( ) 2  2 
= 9 + 2  8 [gvb ewm‡q]  (a + 2b) (3a + 2c)
= 9 + 16 = 25 (Ans.)
{(a + 2b) +2(3a + 2c)} − (a +2b) −2(3a + 2c)
2 2
cÖkœ \ 13 \ a + b + c = 6 Ges a2 + b2 + c2 = 14 n‡j, =
(a − b) + (b − c) + (c − a) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2 2 2
} − a + 2b −2 3a − 2c
2 2
a + 2b + 3a + 2c
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 6 Ges a2 + b2 + c2 = 14 ={
2
cÖ`Ë ivwk = (a − b)2 + (b − c)2 + (c − a)2
} − 2b − 2a2 − 2c
2 2
4a + 2b + 2c
= a2 − 2ab + b2 + b2 − 2bc + c2 + c2 − 2ca + a2 ={
2
= 2(a2 + b2 + c2) − 2(ab + bc + ca)
} −  2(b −2a − c)
2 2
= 2(a2 + b2 + c2) − {(a + b + c)2 − (a2 + b2 + c2)} 2(2a + b + c)
={
= 2  14 − {(6)2 −14)} [gvb ewm‡q] 2
2 2
= 28 − (36 − 14) = 28 − 22 = 6 (Ans.) = (2a + b + c) − (b − a − c) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 14 \ x + y + z = 10 Ges xy + yz + zx = 31 n‡j, (x + y)2 + cÖkœ \ 18 \ (x + 7)(x − 9) †K `yBwU e‡M©i we‡qvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki|
(y + z)2 + (z + x)2 Gi gvb KZ? 2
a − b
2
−
a+b
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y + z = 10 Ges xy + yz + zx = 31
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, ab = ( ) 2  2 
cÖ`Ë ivwk = (x + y)2+ (y + z)2 + (z + x)2  (x + 7) (x − 9)
(x + 7) + (x − 9) (x + 7) − (x − 9)
2 2
= x2 + 2xy + y2 + y2 + 2yz + z2 + z2 + 2zx + x2 =   − 
 2   2 
= (x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx) + (x2 + y2 + z2)
x + 7 + x − 9 x + 7 − x + 9
2 2
= (x + y + z)2 + {(x + y + z)2 − 2(xy + yz + zx)} =  − 
 2   2 
= (10)2 + {(10)2 − 2  31} [gvb ewm‡q]
2x − 2
2 2
16
= 100 + (100 − 62) = 100 + 38 = 138 (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 15 \ x = 3, y = 4 Ges z = 5 n‡j, 9x2 + 16y2 + 4z2 − 24xy
= 
 2 
− { } 2
2(x − 1) 2  8
2 2
=   −  = (x −1) − 8 (Ans.)
2 2
− 16yz + 12zx Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
 2   2 
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 3, y = 4 Ges z = 5
cÖkœ \ 19 \ x2 + 10x + 24 †K `yBwU e‡M©i we‡qvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki|
cÖ`Ë ivwk = 9x2 + 16y2 + 4z2 − 24xy − 16yz + 12zx
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 + 10x + 24
= (3x)2 + (− 4y)2 + (2z)2 + 2  3x  (− 4y) +
2  (− 4y)  2z + 2  2z  3x = x2 + 10x + 25 − 1
2 2 2
= (3x − 4y + 2z)2 = (x) + 2  x  5 + (5) − (1)
2 2
= (3  3 − 4  4 + 2  5)2 [gvb ewm‡q] = (x + 5) − 1 (Ans.)
= (9 − 16 + 10)2 = (19 −16)2 = (3)2 = 9 (Ans.) cÖkœ \ 20 \ a4 + a2b2 + b4 = 8 Ges a2 + ab + b2 = 4 n‡j,
 x + y 2 x − y 22 2
cÖgvY Ki †h,  2 −  2   = (i) a2 + b2, (ii) ab-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
x2 + y2
cÖkœ \ 16 \
2
( )
  ( ) 2 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a4 + a2b2 + b4 = 8 Ges a2 + ab + b2 = 4
x2 − y2
−  (i) GLv‡b, a4 + a2b2 + b4 = (a2)2 + 2a2b2 + (b2)2 − a2b2
 2  = (a2 + b2)2 − (ab)2
 x+y x − y 
2 2 2
= (a2 + b2 + ab) (a2 + b2 − ab)
mgvavb : evgcÿ = 2( ) − 
  2  = (a2 + ab + b2) (a2 − ab + b2)
x2 + 2xy + y2 x2 − 2xy + y2
2  8 = 4(a2 − ab + b2) [gvb ewm‡q]
= −
 4 4  8
ev, a2 − ab + b2 = 4 = 2
GLb, a2 + ab + b2 = 4 Ges a2 − ab + b2 = 2 †hvM K‡i cvB,
a2 + ab + b2 = 4 ev, 4(a2 + b2 − ab) = 8
a2 − ab + b2 = 2 8
2a2 + 2b2 = 6 ev, a2 + b2 − ab = 4
ev, 2(a + b2) = 6
2
ev, a2 + b2 − ab = 2
6
ev, a2 + b2 = 2  a2 + b2 = 3 (Ans.) ev, (a2 + b2) − ab = 2
(ii) GLv‡b, a + a b + b = 8
4 2 2 4 ev, 3 − ab = 2
ev, (a ) + 2a b + (b2)2 − a2b2 = 8
2 2 2 2
ev, − ab = 2 − 3
ev, (a2 + b2)2 − (ab)2 = 8 ev, − ab = −1  ab = 1 (Ans.)
ev, (a2 + b2 + ab)(a2 + b2 − ab) = 8

1 1 K2 L8 M 16  17
1. x+
x
= 3 n‡j, x2 + 2 Gi gvb KZ?
x 19. a − b = 4 Ges ab = 3 n‡j (a + b)2 = KZ?
K 11 L8 7 N4 K 18 L 22  28 N 32
1 1 20. wb‡gœi †Kvb m~ÎwU mwVK?
2. y ( )
x2 + 2 = 6 n‡j, y +
y
Gi gvb KZ? K a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a – b) L (a + b)2 = (a − b)2 + 2ab
(a +2 b)
2
 ±2 2 L2 2 M±2 N± 2  (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 N ab = +
1 1
3. a + 2 = 2 n‡j, a + = KZ?
2
a a a − b 2
K0 L1 2 N4  2 
4.
1 1
p − = 3 n‡j, p2 + 2 Gi gvb KZ?
21. i (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 ii. (a + b)2 = (a − b)2 + 4ab
p p iii. (a + b)4 − (a − b)4 = 8ab (a2 + b2)
K5 L7  11 N 13 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5. me‡P‡q †QvU †gŠwjK msL¨v KZ? Ki L i I ii Mi I iii  i, ii I iii
K0 L1 2 N3
22. x + y = 6, −x2 y2 = 12 n‡j−
6. a + b = 1, ab = 4 n‡j (a − b)2 Gi gvb KZ?
i. (x − y)2 = 4 ii. x = 4
 − 15 L −7 M9 N 17 iii. xy = 8
7. m + n = 8 Ges mn = 15 n‡j, (m − n)2 Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K2 4 M 34 N 94
8. (a + b − c)2 = KZ?
K a2 + b2 + c2 − 2ab − 2bc − 2ca
1
23. x2 + 2 = 7 n‡j−
x
 a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab − 2bc − 2ca
M a2 + b2 − c2 + 2ab − 2bc + 2ca 1 2
(x − 1x) = 4 iii. x + x1 = 47
2
N a2 + b2 – c2 + 2ab − 2bc − 2ca

i. ( )
x+
x
= 9 ii. 4
4
9. a + b = 3 Ges ab = 2 n‡j, a2 − ab + b2 Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

3 L5 M9 N 13 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
10. x = 2 + 3 n‡j, x2 Gi gvb KZ?
a − 3a + 1 = 0; †hLv‡b a  1
2
K 7−4 3  7+4 3 M 7−2 3 N 7+3 3
11. 25x2 + 36y2 Gi mv‡_ KZ †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj c~Y©eM© ivwk
Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1
n‡e? 24. a2 + a2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 30xy L 45xy  60xy N 70xy
1 1 K6 7 M9 N 10
12. a + a = 2 n‡j, a2 + a2 Gi gvb KZ? 1
25. a2 − 2 Gi
a
gvb wbY©q Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvIqv hv‡e?
K −2 0 M4 N6
13. a + b = 7 Ges a − b = 3 n‡j, ab = KZ? K 45 L 40 3 5 N −3 5
K 10 L5 M3 1 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 26 I 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
2 1
14. 2a + a = 2 3 n‡j a2 + a2 Gi gvb KZ? p2 = 3p + 1 n‡j−
K −1
1
1 M2 N3 26. p2 − p2 Gi gvb †KvbwU?
1
15. x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 n‡j, x2 − x2 Gi gvb KZ? 3
K 39 L 13  117 N 13
 5 21 L 5 23 M 5 27 N 5 29 1
27. p4 − p4 Gi gvb †KvbwU?
( 1)
16. x2 − 2 6 − 5 = 0 n‡j x + x Gi gvb †KvbwU?
 33 13 L 119 M 429 N 27887
K 10 2 3 M2 2 N1 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
17. a2 − b2 = 4 Ges ab = 2 n‡j a2 + b2 Gi gvb KZ? p + q = 5, p − q = 3
K6 2 L8 2 4 2 N2 6 28. pq Gi gvb KZ?
18. a + b = 5 Ges a − b = 3 n‡j a2 + b2 Gi gvb KZ?
1 K 15 L 5 15  20 N 25
 L1 M2 N8
2
29. 10pq(p + q ) Gi gvb
2 2 KZ?

 a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
31 : exRMvwYwZK ivwk 40. 3x – 2y Gi eM© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 9x2 – 6xy + 4y2 L 3x2 – 12xy + 2y2
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 1 9 2
30. cÖwµqv wPý Ges msL¨v wb‡`©kK Aÿi cÖZx‡Ki A_©‡evaK M 9x2 – 18xy + 4y2 
4 4
x − 3xy + y2( )
web¨vm‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) 41. a + b = 7p Ges ab = 12 p2 n‡j, a – b Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K mgxKiY  exRMvwYwZK ivwk K p2 L 2p  ±p N 7p + 2
M ev¯Íe msL¨v N aviv e¨vL¨v : (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab = (7p)2 − 4  12p2
31. wb‡Pi †KvbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk? (mnR) = 49p2 − 48p2 = p2
 (a − b) =p
 2a + 3b − 4c L 25  3 + 2
42. a + b = 12 Ges a – b = 4 n‡j, a2 + b2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
M (a, b) N (b, a)
K 37 L 38 M 54  80
32. exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z eëüZ msL¨v¸‡jv− (mnR) e¨vL¨v : 2(a2 + b2) = (a + b)2 + (a − b)2
K PjK  aªæeK = (12)2 + (4)2 = 144 + 16 = 160
160
M m~PK N g~j a +b =
2 2
= 80
2
33. exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z eëüZ Aÿi cÖZxK¸‡jv− (mnR) 43. (2x + 7)2 + 2(2x + 7) (2x – 7) + (2x – 7)2 Gi mijxK…Z gvb
 PjK L aªæeK M m~PK N Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
34. 3x + 2y + 5 ivwk‡Z aªæeK KqwU? (mnR)  16x2 L 12x2 + 5 M 9x2 N 28x2 + 3
K1 L2 3 N4 1 1
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 44. x+ = 2
x
n‡j, x2 + x2 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
0 L2 M15 N 21
35. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 1 1 2
1
i. a + 3b GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk
( )
e¨vL¨v : x2 + x2 = x + x − 2 x x = ( 2)2 − 2 = 2 − 2 = 0
45. x + y = 5 Ges xy = 4 n‡j, (x – y) Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z eëüZ Pj‡Ki gvb wbw`©ó
K±4  ±3 M ±2 N ±1
iii. exRMwY‡Z k~b¨mn abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K mKj msL¨v e¨vL¨v : (x − y)2 = (x + y)2 − 4xy
eënvi Kiv nq = (5)2 − 44 = 25 − 16 = 9
 (x − y) = 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 46. x + y = 9 Ges x – y = 3 n‡j, xy Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 21  18 M 15 N 12
x+y 2 x−y 2
36. 4a − 3b + 2c exRMvwYwZK ivwkwU‡Z− e¨vL¨v : xy = 2
− ( ) ( )
2
i aªæeK Av‡Q 3wU 9 2 3 2 81 9 81 − 9 72
ii PjK Av‡Q 3wU
=
2
−
2 () ()
= − =
4 4 4
= = 18
4
1 1
iii cÖwµqv wPý 1wU 47. x – x = 9 n‡j, x + x2 Gi gvb KZ?
2
(ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 56 L 74  83 N 92
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 48. a – b = 3 Ges ab = 4 n‡j, a + b Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K ±3 L ±4  ±5 N ±7
32 : exRMvwYwZK m~Îvewj 1 1
49. p + p = 3 n‡j, p4 + p4 Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 38  47 M 50 N 52
1 1
37. exRMvwYwZK cÖZxK Øviv cÖKvwkZ †h‡Kv‡bv mvaviY wbqg ev 50. = a n‡j, x + 2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
2
x +
x x
wm×všÍ‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) K a2 – 2 L a4 – 2a2 + 5 M a4 – 5  a4 – 4a2 + 2
K mgxKiY  exRMvwYwZK m~Î 1
51. x = 6 – 5 n‡j, x2 + 2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
M exRMvwYwZK ivwk N A‡f` x
K 12 L 18 M 25  22
38. a2 + 2ab + b2-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
2 2 52. m + n = 3 Ges m – n = 2 n‡j, 8mn(m2 + n2) Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
 (a + b) L (a – b) 2 2
M (a + b ) 2 2N (a – b )
39. (a + b + c)2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) K 7  5 M 9 N 12
1
K a2 + b2 + c2 53. 2
{(a+ b)2 + (a − b)2} = KZ? (mnR)
L a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc
K 2(a −b ) a + b
2 2 2 2 M ab N 4ab
M a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
54. 25 †K `yBwU e‡M©i AšÍiiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 63. x2 + y2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
K 11 −10 L 12 −11  13 −12 N 14 −13 K 20 L 21 M 72  45
55. x − y = 1 Ges xy = 12 n‡j x + y Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 64. 2xy Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K − 48 L  48  7 N  15  36 L 30 M 16 N 12
56. hw` mx2 + 12x + 9 ivwkwU c~Y©eM© nq Z‡e m Gi gvb KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 65 − 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 3 4 M 5 N6
a + b + c = 5 Ges a2 + b2 + c2 = 13
1
57. x + = 2 n‡j x = KZ?
x
(ga¨g) 65. ab + bc + ca Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K0 1 M2 N3 K 18 L 16
1
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, x + x = 2 M 10 6
e¨vL¨v : 2(ab + bc + ca) = (a + b + c)2 − (a2 + b2 + c2)
x2 + 1
ev, x = 2 ev, x2 +1 = 2x = (5)2 − 13 = 25 − 13 = 12
12
ev, x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 ev, (x − 1)2 = 0  ab + bc + ca = = 6
2
ev, x − 1 = 0  x = 1
66. (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K5  14
M9 N 21
58. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
(a + b)2 + (a–b)2 67. (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
i. ab = (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 ii. a2 + b2 = 2  38 L 36
iii. (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab M 35 N 33
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 68 I 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii x=3+2 2
59. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki: 1
i. a + b = 9 Ges a – b = 3 n‡j, 4ab = 72 68. x − = KZ? (ga¨g)
x
1 1 K3 L6 M 4  2
ii. x + = 3 n‡j, x2 + 2 = 7
x x 4x
iii. a + b = 6 Ges a – b = 2 n‡j, a2 + b2 = 4
69. x2 − 3x + 1 = KZ? (KwVb)

4
L
3
M
2
N
3
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii 3 4 3 2
60. a2 + b2 + c2 = 83 Ges ab + bc + ac = 71 n‡j − e¨vL¨v :
4x
x2 − 3x + 1
=
4x
1
=
4
1
=
4 4 1
= [ x + = 6 ]
6−3 3 x
i. 2(ab + bc + ac) = 142 ii. (a + b + c)2 = 225 (
x x−3+
x ) x+ −3
x
iii. a + b + c = 15
†Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 5 Ges a − b = 3
61. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki: 70. 2(a2 + b2) = KZ? (ga¨g)
K 14 8 M −4 N0
1
i. x = 5 + 2 5 n‡j, x + =2 3 71. 4ab Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
x  2 L −2 M 1 N −1
1 1
ii. a4 + = 322 n‡j, a + a = 4 72. a2 − b2 = KZ? (mnR)
a4
1 1  15 L 15 M −15 N 8
iii. x2 + x2 = 18 n‡j, x + x = 2  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 73 I 74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) x + y = 7a Ges xy = 12a2
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 73. x2 + y2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 49a2 L 19a2  25a2 N 32a2
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi e¨vL¨v : x2 + y2 = (x + y)2 − 2xy = (7a)2 − 2  12a2
= 49a2 − 24a2 = 25a2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 62 − 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 74. x2 – y2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
x + y = 9 Ges x − y = 3  7a2 L 12a2 M 21a2 N 15a2
62. x2 – y2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 12 L 18  27 N 20

1
75. a − a = 3 n‡j, a2 + a2 = KZ?
1 77. a + b = 7 Ges a − b = 3 n‡j, ab = ?
1
5 L −5 M0 N8 1 L2 M N5
2
1 1 78. (x + y)2 = 6, (x − y)2 = 3 n‡j, 4xy(x2 + y2) = KZ?
76. a + a = 1 n‡j, a2 + a2 = KZ?
25 27
 −1 L0 M1 N2 K 12 L  N 14
2 2
1 1 1 1
79. x − x = 0 n‡j, x2 + x2 = KZ? 99. a + a = 4 n‡j a2 + a2 = ?
K0 L1 2 N3 K 18  14 M 20 N 12
2 2 1 100. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
80. (2a +
a ) = 12 n‡j, a2 + 2 Gi
a
gvb KZ? i. x3 − 4 = 23 n‡j x = 3
K3 L2 3 M 3 1 ii. (a − b)3 = a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 − b3
4
iii. xy = 2 n‡j, 2x − = 0
81. hw` a = 3 + 2 nq, Z‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU (a + 1a) Gi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
y
gvb?
2 3 L3 3 M 6 N( 3+ 2)2
1 1 101. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki−
82. x + x = n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU x4 + x4 Gi gvb? i. (x − y − z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 − 2xy + 2yz − 2zx
K4 L8 M 64 2 ii. a + b = 5 Ges a − b = 3 n‡j, 2(a2 + b2) = 8
83. x − y = 2 Ges xy = 63 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU x2 + y2 Gi gvb? 1 1
iii. y + = 2 n‡j y5 + 5 = 10
K 122  130 M 140 N 126 y y
84. x4 − x2 + 1 = 0 n‡j x2
1
+ 2 Gi gvb †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
x  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K4 L2 1 N0
1 1
102. m2 − 2m +1 = 0
85. x − x = 3 n‡j, x2 + x2 = KZ? i. m +
1
= 2 ii. m +
1 1
= 0 iii. m2 + 2 = 4
m m m
K −5 L −7 5 N7
2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
86. p − = 1 n‡j, p = ?
p i L ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K −2  −1 M0 N1 103. a2 + b2 + c2 = 83 Ges ab + bc + ca = 71 n‡j−
1 1 ii. (a + b + c)2 = 225
87. x + = 2 n‡j, x − = Gi gvb KZ?
x x
i. 2(ab + bc + ca) = 142
iii. a + b + c = 15
0 L1 M2 N4 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
88. x − y = 2 Ges xy = 24 n‡j, x + y Gi gvb KZ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 10 L 100 M 100  10
89. x − y = 1 Ges xy = 12 n‡j (x + y) Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 104 − 106 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K −48 L 48  7 N 5 x + y = 5; x − y = 2
90.
1
x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 n‡j x2 − 2 Gi gvb KZ?
104. 8xy = KZ?
x K2 L4 6 N8
 5 21 L 5 23 M 5 27 N 5 29 105. (x2 − y2)2 = KZ?
91. a2 − b2 = 4 Ges ab = 2 n‡j, a2 + b2 Gi gvb KZ? K 10  10 M 5 N 100
K6 2 L8 2 M4 2 2 6 106. 8xy (x2 + y2) = KZ?
1 1
92. p − = x n‡j, p + 2 Gi gvb KZ?
p
2
p K
15
L
17
M
19
 21
8 8 8
K x2 − 2  x2 + 2 M x−2 N x+2
1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 107 I 108 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
93. 2
{(a + b)2 + (a − b)2} = KZ? a2 + 1 = 3a n‡j,
K 2(a2 − b2)  a2 + b2 M ab N 4ab 1
94. x hw` 10 nq (3x − 2x) = KZ? 107. a2 + a2 = KZ?
 10 L 20 M 50 N 40 K4 L3 M2 1
95. a2 + b2 Gi mv‡_ −2ab †hvM Ki‡j †Kvb c~Y©eM©wU cvIqv hvq? 1 2
 (a − b)2 L (a + b)2
108. ( ) = KZ?
a−
a
M (a2 + b2 + 2ab)2 N (a2 + b2)2 K0 L1  −1 N2
96.
1 1
x − = a n‡j, x2 + 2 Gi gvb †KvbwU?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 109 I 110 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x x
p2 = 3p + 1n‡j,
Ka+2 L a−2  a2 + 2 N a2 − 2
1
97.
1
x = 2 − 3 n‡j, Gi gvb KZ n‡e? 109. p2 − p2 Gi gvb †KvbwU?
x
K1 L2 3 M 2 3+2  3+2 K 39 L 13 M 11  3 13
98. x − y = 4 Ges xy = 65 n‡j x2 + y2 = ? 1
110. p4− 4 Gi gvb †KvbwU?
p
K 134  146 M 150 N 276
 33 13 L 119 M 429 N 27887

p(p2 + 5)
œ 1  p2−1 = 4p n‡jÑ
cÖk- =
(p2 + 5) (p2 − 1)
4
2 4p 4p
1 [ p2 − 1 = 4p]
K. ( ) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
p+
p
2 = 2 =
(p − 1) 4p
= 1 (Ans.)
p3 + 5p
4 M ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,
3
L. p4 + 4p2 −5  64 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
1
1 p− =4
M. †`LvI †h, p4 = 322 − p4 4 p
1 2
ev, ( )
p−
p
= 16 [Dfqc‡ÿ eM© K‡i]
1 1
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, p2 − 1 = 4p ev, p2 + 2 − 2.p. = 16
p p
−1
p2 1
ev, p
=4 ev, p2 + 2 = 16 + 2
p
1 1
 p−p=4 ev, P2 + 2 = 18
p
1 2
( )
cÖ`Ë ivwk, p + p
1 2
= p+
1 2
p( ) + 4p.
1
p
ev, ( p )
p2 + 2 = 182 [cybivq Dfqc‡ÿ eM© K‡i]
= (4)2 + 4 = 16 + 4 = 20 (Ans.) 1 1
ev, p4 + 4 + 2.p2. 2 = 324
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, p − 1 = 4p
2 p p
1 1
p3 + 5p 3 p(p2 + 5) ev, p4 = 324 − 2 − 4  p4 = 322 − 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cÖ`Ë ivwk, = p4 + 4p2 −5  64 = p4 + 5p2 − p2 − 5  4 p p
p(p2 + 5)
= 4
p2(p2 + 5) − 1(p2 + 5)

œ 2  3xy + 2ax, 4x − 3y I x − 5y + 2z wZbwU ivwk|
cÖk- K. exRMvwYwZK ivwk Kv‡K e‡j? 2
K. m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wØZxq ivwki eM© wbY©q Ki| 2 L. xy + yz + zx Gi gvb KZ? 4
L. cÖ_g `yBwU ivwki †hvMd‡ji eM© wbY©q Ki| 4 M. (x − y)2 + (y − z)2 + (z − x)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. gvb wbY©q Ki : (1g ivwk)2 + (2q ivwk)2 − (3q ivwk)2 4  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. cÖwµqv wPý Ges msL¨v wb‡`©kK Aÿi cÖZxK Gi A_©‡evaK
web¨vm‡K exRMvwYwZK ivwk ejv nq|
K. cÖ`Ë wØZxq ivwk = 4x − 3y †hgb, 2a + 3b − 4c GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
 (4x − 3y)2 = (4x)2 − 24x3y + (3y)2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y + z = 12 Ges x2 + y2 + z2 = 50
= 16x2 − 24xy + 9y2 (Ans.)
L. awi, a = 3xy + 2ax Ges b = 4x − 3y Avgiv Rvwb,
(x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
 (a + b)2 = (3xy + 2ax + 4x − 3y)2 ev, (12)2 = 50 + 2(xy + yz + zx)
= {(3xy + 2ax) + (4x − 3y)}2
= (3xy + 2ax)2 + 2(3xy + 2ax)(4x − 3y) + (4x − 3y)2
ev, 144 = 50 + 2(xy + yz + zx)
= 9x2y2 + 4a2x2 + 12ax2y + 2(12x2y − 9xy2 ev, 2(xy + yz + zx) = 144 − 50
+ 8ax2 − 6axy) + 16x2 + 9y2 − 24xy ev, 2(xy + yz + zx) = 94
= 9x y + 4a2x2 + 12ax2y + 24x2y − 18xy2 +
2 2 94
 xy + yz + zx = = 47 (Ans.)
16ax2 − 12axy + 16x2 + 9y2 − 24xy (Ans) 2
M. (1g ivwk)2 + (2q ivwk)2 − (3q ivwk)2 M. GLv‡b, x2 + y2 + z2 = 50
= (3xy + 2ax)2 + (4x − 3y)2 − (x − 5y + 2z)2 Ges ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, xy + yz + zx = 47
= 9x2y2 + 12ax2y + 4a2x2 + 16x2 − 24xy + 9y2 −(x2 + 25y2 cÖ`Ë ivwk = (x − y)2 + (y − z)2 + (z − x)2
+ 4z2 − 10xy − 20yz + 4zx) = x2 − 2xy + y2 + y2 − 2yz + z2 + z2 − 2zx + x2
= 9x y + 12ax y + 4a x + 16x2 − 24xy + 9y2 − x2 − 25y2
2 2 2 2 2 = 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 − 2xy − 2yz − 2zx
− 4z2 + 10xy + 20yz − 4zx = 2(x2 + y2 + z2) − 2(xy + yz + zx)
= 9x y + 12ax y + 4a x + 15x2 − 14xy − 16y2 + 20yz
2 2 2 2 2 = 2  50 − 2  47 = 100 − 94 = 6 (Ans.)
− 4zx − 4z2 (Ans)
œ 3  x + y + z = 12 Ges x + y + z = 50 n‡j−
cÖk- 2 2 2

1
œ 4  x + x = 2 n‡jÑ
cÖk- 8xy(x2 + y2) = 5 4
1
K. †`LvI †h, x2 + x2 = 0 2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 12 Ges x − y = 2
L. †`LvI †h, x8 + 2x4 + 1 = 0 4 (x + y)2 + (x − y)2
x Avgiv Rvwb, x2 + y2 = 2
M. Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 (12)2 + (2)2
x2 + 2x +1 = [gvb ewm‡q]
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  2
144 + 4 148
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, = 2
=
2
= 74
1
x+ = 2 wb‡Y©q gvb 74
x L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 12 Ges x − y = 2
1 2
( )=
ev, x + x (2)2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i] Avgiv Rvwb, xy = (x +2 y) − x −2 y
2 2
1 1
ev, x2 + x2 + 2.x.x = 2 12 2 2 2
= ( ) − ( ) = 6 − 1 = 36 − 1 = 35
2 2
1 1 2 2
ev, x2 +x2 = 2 − 2  x2 + x2 = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
wb‡Y©q gvb 35
1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + x = 2 M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges x − y = 2
x2 + 1 evgcÿ = 8xy(x2 + y2) = 4xy2(x2 + y2)
ev, x = 2
ev, x2 + 1 = 2x = {(x + y)2 − (x − y)2}{(x + y)2 + (x − y)2}
ev, (x2 + 1)2 = ( 2x) [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i] = {( 3)2 − ( 2)2} {( 3)2 + ( 2)2}
ev, x4 + 2x2 + 1 = 2x2 = (3 − 2)(3 + 2) = 1  5 = 5 = Wvbcÿ
ev, x4 +1 = 2x2 − 2x2  8xy (x2 + y2) = 5 (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, (x4 + 1)2 = 0  x8 + 2x4 + 1= 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 œ 7  x + y = a Ges x − y = b
cÖk-
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + x = 2
K. a = 2 3 Ges b = 2 n‡j, x2 + y2 Gi gvb wbY©q
x2 +1 Ki| 2
ev, x = 2  x2 + 1 = 2x
1
cÖ`Ë ivwk = 2
x
=
x L. a = 3 Ges b = 2 n‡j, 5 xy (x2 + y2) Gi gvb
x + 2x + 1 x2 + 1+ 2x wbY©q Ki| 4
x x 1
= = = (Ans.) M. a = 5 Ges b = 3 n‡j, xy(x2 + y2) = KZ? 4
2x + 2x 2 2x 2 2
œ 5  a + b = p, ab = q Ges a + 3b wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk-  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ a + 3b Gi eM© wbY©q Ki| 2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 2 3 ev, x + y = 2 3
L. P = 7, q = 12 n‡j, a − b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 Ges b = 2 ev, x − y = 2
M. p = 2, q = 1 n‡j, a4 + b4 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
(x + y)2 + (x − y)2
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 + y2 = 2
K. a + 3b Gi eM© (2 3)2 + ( 2)2 12 + 2 14
= = = =7
= (a + 3b)2 = a2 + 2 a3b + (3b)2 = a2 + 6ab + 9b2 (Ans.) 2 2 2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 7 ev, a + b = 7 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 3 ev, x + y = 3 Ges b = 2 ev, x − y = 2
1
Ges q = 12 ev, ab = 12  cÖ`Ë ivwk = xy (x2 + y2)
5
Avgiv Rvwb, (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab 1  x + y 2 x − y2 (x + y)2 + (x − y)2
= 7 − 412
2
[gvb ewm‡q] = 
5 ( )
2
−
 2    2


= 49 − 48 = 1 1  3  2   (3)2 + (2)2
2 2
 a − b =  1 (Ans.) =  −  
5  2   2    2 
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 2 Ges q = 1 1 3 2 3+2
2 2 2
 a4 + b4 = (a2) + (b2) = (a2 + b2) − 2a2b2
= 
5 { }{ }
4 4
−
2
2
= (a2 + b2) − 2(1)2 [ab = q = 1] 1 3 − 2 5 1 1 5 1
 =   = (Ans.)
5 4  2 5 4 2 8
2
=
= {(a + b) − 2ab}2 − 21
= {(2)2 − 21}2 − 2 [gvb ewm‡q] M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 5 ev, x + y = 5
= (4 − 2)2 − 2 = (2)2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2 (Ans.) Ges b = 3 ev, x − y = 3
œ 6  x + y = 12, x − y = 2
cÖk-  cÖ`Ë ivwk = xy(x2 + y2)
K. x2 + y2 Gi gvb KZ? 2  x+y 2
x − y  (x + y)2 + (x − y)2
2
= ( ) −
L. xy Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
 2  2    2


M. x + y = 3 Ges x − y = 2 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h,
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 2 Ges ab + bc + ca = 1
=   −   
 5 2 3 2
 2   2   Avgiv Rvwb,
( 5) + ( 3) 
2 2 2
(a + b + c) = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
 
 2  ev, a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 − 2(ab + bc + ca)
2
5 3 5+3 5 −3 8 2 8 = 2 − 21 = 4 − 2 = 2 (Ans.)
= { }{ }
−
4 4 2
=  =  =
4 2 4 2 L. cÖ`Ë ivwk = (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2
2 (Ans.) = a2 + 2ab + b2 + b2 + 2bc + c2 + c2 + 2ca + a2
1 = 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
cÖk-
œ 8  x − x GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk| = 2(a2 + b2 + c2) + 2(ab + bc + ca)
1 1 = 22 + 21 [ÔK' bs †_‡K]
K. x − x = a n‡j, x2 + x2 = KZ? 2 = 6 (Ans.)
1 c M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = (a − b)2 + (b − c)2 + (c − a)2
L. x − x = p n‡j, x(x − p) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = a2 − 2ab + b2 + b2 − 2bc + c2
1 1 + c2 − 2ca + a2
M. x − x = 3 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, x4 = 119 − x4 4 = 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 − 2ab − 2bc − 2ca
= 2(a2 + b2 + c2) − 2(ab + bc + ca)
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 22 − 21 [ÔKÕ bs eënvi K‡i]
1 = 4 − 2 = 2 (Ans.)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − x = a
œ 10  3a + 2c, a + 2b, a − b + c wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk-
1
( 1) − 2xx1 = a − 2 (Ans.)
cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 + x2 = x + x
2
2
K. a − b + c Gi eM© wbY©q Ki|
L. (a + 2b) I (3a + 2c) †K `ywU c~Y©e‡M©i AšÍiiƒ‡c
2
1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − x = p cÖKvk Ki| 4
x2 − 1 M. a − b + c = 4 n‡j, (3a + 2c)2 − 2(3a + 2c) (a + 2b)
ev, x = p
+ (a + 2b) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
2
ev, x2 − 1 = px
ev, x2 − px = 1  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 x(x − p) = 1 K. a − b + c Gi eM© = (a − b + c)2
c c = (a − b)2 + 2(a − b) c + (c)2
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = = [gvb ewm‡q]
x(x − p) 1 = a2 − 2ab + b2 + 2ac − 2bc + c2
= c (Ans.) = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ac − 2ab − 2bc
1 = a2 + b2 + c2 − 2ab − 2bc + 2ac (Ans.)
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − x = 3
a + 2b + 3a + 2c 2 a + 2b − 3a − 2c2
( ) 1 2
ev, x − x = 32 [Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i]
L. (a + 2b) (3a + 2c) = ( 2 ) −
 2 
4a + 2b + 2c 2 −2a + 2b − 2c2
1 1
ev, x2 − 2xx + x2 = 9
= ( 2 ) −
 2 
2(2a + b + c) 2 2(b − a − c)2
1
ev, x2 − 2 + x2 = 9
= { 2
2
} −

2
2


1 = (2a + b + c) − (b − a − c) (Ans.)
ev, x2 − 2 + x2 = 9
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a − b + c = 4
1 awi, 3a + 2c = x Ges a + 2b = y
ev, x2 + x2 = 9 + 2 = 11
cÖ`Ë ivwkgvjv = x2 − 2xy + y2 = (x − y)2
1 2
( )
ev, x2 + x2 = (11)2 [cybivq Dfqcÿ‡K eM© 2
= (3a + 2c − a − 2b) = (2a − 2b + 2c)
= {2(a − b + c)}2 = 4(a − b + c)2
2
K‡i]
2
= 44
2
[gvb ewm‡q]
1
ev, (x2)2 + 2x2x2 + x2( 1 ) = 121 1
= 416 = 64 (Ans.)
1
ev, x4 + 2 + x4 = 121 œ 11  p = 3 + p n‡jÑ
cÖk-
1 1
ev, x4 = 121 − 2 − x4 [c¶vš—i K‡i] K. p + p Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
1 1
 x4 = 119 − (cÖgvwYZ) L. p4 − p4 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
x4
1
œ 9  a + b + c = 2 Ges ab + bc + ca = 1 n‡j
cÖk- M. †`LvI †h, p4 = 119 − p4 4
K. a2 + b2 + c2 Gi gvb KZ? 2  11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1
M. ÔKÕ Gi gvb eënvi K‡i (a − b)2 + (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 3 + p
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 1
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  p− =3
p
2 2
( 1) = (p − 1p) + 4pp1 ( 1) = (3) [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
2
Avgiv Rvwb, p + p ev, p − p 2
1 1 2
= (3)2 + 4 = 9 + 4 = 13 ev, (p) − 2pp + (p) = 9
2
1
p+ = 13 (Ans.) 1
p ev, p2 − 2 + p2 = 9
1
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, p − p = 3 1
ev, p2 + p2 = 9 + 2
1 1 2 1
2
() (
cÖ`Ë ivwk = p4 − p4 = (p2) − p2 = p2 + p2 ) (
ev, p2 + p2 = 11
1
)
1
( p2 − 2
p ) ev, ( 1 2
) = (11) [cybivq eM© K‡i]

p2 + 2
p
2
 1 2 1 1 1
= p+
 ( ) p
2
− 2. p.  p +
p ( )( )
p
p−
p
1
ev, (p ) + 2p  p + (p1 ) = 121
2 2 2
2 2
2
= {( 13) − 2}  13  3 [ÔKÕ †_‡K] 1

ev, p4 + 2 + p4 = 121
= {13 − 2}  13  3 1
= 11 13  3 = 33 13 (Ans.) ev, p4 + p4 = 121 − 2
1 1
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 3 + p ev, p4 + p4 = 119
1 1
ev, p − p = 3  p4 = 119 −
p4

œ 12  x + y = 5 Ges x − y = 2 n‡j,
cÖk-  5+2 2 9
K. xy Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
=3
 ( )
2
− 2. 
16
98 − 9
=3
L. †`LvI †h, 24xy(x2 + y2) = 63 4 49 9 89 267
M. 4xy(x4 + y4) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
=3 ( )
−
4 8  8  = 3 8 = 8 (Ans.)
œ 13  a + a = 2, p + q = 5 Ges p − q = 3
cÖk-
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 5 Ges x − y = 2
(a − 1a) Gi gvb KZ?
2
x + y 2 x − y2 K. 2
xy = ( )2
−
 2  L. pq(p2 + q2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
=  −  = − =
5 2
2 2
5 2 5−2 3 1 1
 2   2  4 4 4 = 4 (Ans.) M. †`LvI †h, a2 + 2 = a4 + 4.
a a
4
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 5 Ges x − y = 2  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
3
ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, xy = 4 1
evgcÿ = 24xy(x2 + y2) K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + a = 2
= 34xy2(x2 + y2)
( 1) ( 1) 1
2 2
3 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a − a = a + a − 4aa = 22 − 4 = 4 − 4 = 0 (Ans.)
= 34 {(x + y)2 + (x − y)2}
4
= 9{( 5)2 + ( 2)2} L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p + q = 5 Ges p − q = 3
= 9(5 + 2) = 97 = 63 = Wvbcÿ cÖ`Ë ivwk = pq(p2 + q2) = 2 pq 2(p2 + q2)
1
 24xy(x2 + y2) = 63 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 p + q 2 p − q2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 5 Ges x − y = 2
3
= 
2 2 ( ) −
 2  {(p + q) + (p − q) }
2 2
ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, xy = 4

=   −    {( 5)2 + ( 3)2} [gvb ewm‡q]
1 5 2 3 2
cÖ`Ë ivwk = 4xy(x4 + y4) 2 2   2  
1 5 − 3
(5 + 3) = 
= 4xy{(x2)2 + (y2)2} 1 5 3 1 2
3
= 4 {(x2 + y2)2 − 2x2y2}
=
2 4 4
− ( ) 2 4 
8 =   8 = 2 (Ans.)
2 4
4 1
(x + y)2 + (x − y)2 M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + a = 2
= 3   − 2(xy)2
2
 2   1 1 2 1
= 3  

( 5)2 + ( 2)22
2
 − 2.

3 2
()
4 
[gvb ( )
evgcÿ = a2 + a2 = a + a − 2 a a = (2)2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2
1 1 1 2
ewm‡q] Wvbcÿ = a + a = (a + a ) − 2 a  a
4
4
2
2
2
2
 1 2 12 1 1
( )
= a+
 a
− 2. a.  − 2
a
 a2 +
a2
= a4 + 4 (†`Lv‡bv
a
n‡jv)
= {(2)2 − 2}2 − 2 = (4 − 2)2 − 2 = (2)2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2

œ 14  x + y + z = 2, xy + yz + zx = 1 n‡j,
cÖk- K. x2 + y2 + z2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
K. x2 + y2 + z2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 L. (x − y)2 + (y − z)2 + (z − x)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †`LvI †h, (x + y)2 + (y + z)2 + (z + x)2 = 2p2 − 2q 4
L. (x + y)2 + (y + z)2 + (z + x)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. p2 − 2q L. 2p2 − 6q
M. (x + y − z) + 2 (x + y − z)(x + y + 3z) + (x + y + 3z) Gi
2 2
œ 18  a + b + c = 2 Ges ab + bc + ca = 1 n‡j,
cÖk-
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 K. a2 + b2 + c2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
DËi : K. 2; L. 6; M. 4 L. (a + b)2 + (b + c)2 + (c + a)2 Gi gvb KZ? 4
œ 15  x + y = 12, x − y = 2 n‡j,
cÖk- M. (a + b − c)2 + 2(a + b − c) (a + b + 3c) + (a + b + 3c)2 Gi gvb
K. x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. 2; L. 6; M. 16
L. x + y Ges xy Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2 2 4 1
M. (4x + 7y − 3z)2 + 2(4x + 7y − 3z)(7y − 4x + 3z) + (7y − œ 19  x + x = 3 n‡j
cÖk-
4x + 3z)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 K. †`LvI †h, x2 + x2 = 1
1
2
DËi : K. 7; L. 74, 35; M. 196y2 L. †`LvI †h, x8 + 2x4 + 1 = 0 4
œ 16  a + b + c = 9, a2 + b2 + c2 = 29
cÖk- M. 2
x
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K. ab + bc + ca Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 x + 3x +1
1
L. (a − b)2 + (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : M.
M. (a + b + c) + (a + b) + (b + c) + (c + a) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
2 2 2 2 2 3
DËi : K. 26; L. 6; M. 191
œ 17  x + y + z = p, xy + yz + zx = q n‡j,
cÖk-
A b yk xj b x 3 .2

 Nb msewjZ m~Îvewj m~Î 8| a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 − ab + b2)
3
m~Î 6| (a + b) = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 m~Î 9| a3 − b3 = (a − b) (a2 + ab + b2)
= a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) Abywm×všÍ 9| a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 − 3ab (a + b)
m~Î 7|
3
(a − b) = a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 − b3 Abywm×všÍ 10| a3 − b3 = (a − b)3 + 3ab (a − b)
= a3 − b3 − 3ab(a − b)

cÖkœ \ 1 \ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Nb wbY©q Ki : = (2x2)3 + 3(2x2)2 3y2 + 32x2 (3y2)2 + (3y2)3
(K) 2x + 5 = 8x6 + 34x4. 3y2 + 32x29y4 + 27y6
mgvavb : 2x + 5 Gi Nb = (2x + 5)3 = 8x6 + 36x4y2 + 54x2y4 + 27y6 (Ans.)
= (2x)3 + 3(2x)25 + 3(2x)(5)2 + (5)3
(M) 4a − 5x2
= 8x3 + 34x25 + 32x25 + 125 mgvavb : 4a − 5x2 Gi Nb
= 8x3 + 60x2 + 150x + 125 (Ans.) = (4a − 5x2)3
(L) 2x2 + 3y2 = (4a)3 − 3 (4a)25x2 + 34a(5x2)2 − (5x2)3
mgvavb : 2x2 + 3y2 Gi Nb = 64a3 − 316a25x2 + 34a.25x4 − 125x6
= 64a3 − 240a2x2 + 300ax4 − 125x6 (Ans.)
= (2x2 + 3y2)3
(N) 7m2 − 2n
mgvavb : 7m2 − 2n Gi Nb = (a + b)3
= (7m2 − 2n)3 = {(2x + y) + (2x − y)}3 [gvb ewm‡q]
= (7m2)3 − 3(7m2)22n + 37m2(2n)2 − (2n)3 = (2x + y + 2x − y)3
= 343m6 − 349m42n + 37m2 4n2 − 8n3 = (4x)3 = 64x3 (Ans.)
= 343m6 − 294m4n + 84m2n2 − 8n3 (Ans.) (M) (7x + 3b)3 − (5x + 3b)3 − 6x(7x + 3b)(5x + 3b)
(O) 403 mgvavb : (7x + 3b)3 − (5x + 3b)3 − 6x(7x + 3b)(5x + 3b)
mgvavb : 403 Gi Nb = (403)3 = (7x + 3b)3 − (5x + 3b)3 − 32x(7x + 3b) (5x + 3b)
= (400 + 3)
3
awi, 7x + 3b = p Ges 5x + 3b = q
= (400)3 + 3(400)2.3 + 3400(3)2 + (3)3 GLv‡b, p − q = 7x + 3b − 5x − 3b = 2x
= 64000000 + 31600003 + 34009 + 27  cÖ`Ë ivwk = p3 − q3 − 3p − q)pq
= 64000000 + 1440000 + 10800 + 27
= p3 − q3 − 3pq(p − q)
= 65450827 (Ans.)
= (p − q)3
(P) 998 = {(7x + 3b) − (5x + 3b)}3 [gvb ewm‡q]
mgvavb : 998 Gi Nb = (998)3 = (7x + 3b − 5x − 3b)3
3
= (1000 − 2) = (2x)3 = 8x3 (Ans.)
= (1000)3 − 3(1000)22 + 3 1000(2)2 − (2)3
= 1000000000 – 310000002 + 310004 − 8 (N) (x − 15)3 + (16 − x)3 + 3(x − 15)(16 − x)
= 1000000000 − 6000000 + 12000 − 8 mgvavb : awi, x − 15 = a Ges 16 − x = b
= 994011992 (Ans.) GLv‡b, a + b = x − 15 + 16 − x = 1
(Q) 2a − b − 3c  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 + b3 + 31.ab
mgvavb : 2a − b − 3c Gi Nb = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
= (2a − b − 3c)3 = (a + b)3
= {(2a − b) − 3c}3 = {(x − 15) + (16 − x)}3 [gvb ewm‡q]
3
= (2a − b)3 − 3 (2a − b)2. 3c + 3(2a − b)(3c)2 − (3c)3 = (x − 15 + 16 − x)3 = (1) = 1 (Ans.)
= (2a)3 − 3(2a)2b + 32a(b)2 − (b)3 − 3{(2a)2 t (O) (a + b + c)3 – (a – b – c)3 – 6(b + c) {a2 – (b + c)2}
− 22ab + (b)2.3c + 3(2a − b) 9c2 − 27c3 mgvavb : awi, a + b + c = x Ges a − b − c = y
= 8a − 12 a b + 6ab2 − b3 − 3(4a2 − 4ab + b2) 3c
3 2
 x − y = (a + b + c) − (a − b − c)
+ 54ac2 − 27bc2 − 27c3 =a+b+c−a+b+c
= 8a3 − 12a2b + 6ab2 − b3 − 36a2c + 36abc − 9b2c = 2b + 2c = 2(b + c)
+ 54ac2 − 27bc2 − 27c3
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = x − y − 3(x − y)xy
3 3
= 8a − b − 27c − 12a b − 36a2c + 6ab2 + 54ac2
3 3 3 2
3 3
− 9b2c − 27bc2 + 36abc (Ans.) = x − y − 3xy (x − y)
3
(R) 2x + 3y + z = (x − y)
= {2(b + c)} [gvb ewm‡q]
3
mgvavb : 2x + 3y + z Gi Nb
3
= (2x + 3y + z)3 = 8(b + c) (Ans.)
= {(2x + 3y) + z}3 (P) (m + n)6 − (m − n)6 − 12mn(m2 − n2)2
= (2x + 3y)3 + 3 (2x + 3y)2 z + 3 (2x + 3y) (z)2 + (z)3 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk,
= (2x)3 + 3 (2x)2 3y + 3 2x (3y)2 + (3y)3 + 3 (m + n)6 − (m − n)6 − 12mn(m2 − n2)2
{(2x)2 = (m + n)6 − (m − n)6 − 34mn(m2 − n2)2
+ 2 2x 3y + (3y)2} z + 3 (2x + 3y) z2 + z3 awi, m + n = a Ges m − n = b
= 8x3 + 3 4x2 3y + 3 2x 9y2 + 27y3 + 3(4x2 + 12xy +
9y2) z
GLv‡b, a + b = m + n + m − n = 2m
+ 6xz2 + 9yz2 + z3 Ges a − b = m + n − m + n = 2n
= 8x3 + 36x2y + 54xy2 + 27y3 + 12x2z + 36xyz + 27y2z  (a + b)(a − b) = 4mn
+ 6xz2 + 9yz2 + z3 ev, (a2 − b2) = 4mn
= 8x3 + 27y3 + z3 + 36x2y + 12x2z + 54xy2 + 27y2z Ges ab = (m + n) (m − n)
+ 6xz2 + 9yz2 + 36xyz (Ans.) = (m2 − n2)
cÖkœ \ 2 \ mij Ki :  a2b2 = (ab)2 = (m2 − n2)2
(K) (4a − 3b)3 − 3(4a − 3b)2(2a − 3b) + 3(4a − 3b) (2a − 3b)2  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a6 − b6 − 3a2b2(a2 − b2)
3
− (2a − 3b)3 = (a2)3 − (b2) − 3a2b2(a2 − b2)
3
mgvavb : awi, 4a − 3b = x Ges 2a − 3b = y = (a2 − b2)
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3 = (4mn) 3 [(a2 − b2) Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (x − y)3 = 64m3n3 (Ans.)
= {(4a − 3b) − (2a − 3b)}
3
[gvb ewm‡q] (Q) (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) + (y + z) (y2 – yz + z2) + (z + x) (z2 – zx + x2)
= (4a − 3b − 2a + 3b)
3
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk = (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) + (y + z) (y2 – yz
= (2a)3 = 8a3 (Ans.) + z2) + (z + x) (z2 – zx + x2)
= (x3 + y3)
+ (y3
+ z3) + (z3 + x3)
(L) (2x + y)3 + 3(2x + y)2(2x − y) + 3(2x + y)(2x − y)2 + (2x − y)3 = x3 + y3 + y3 + z3 + z3 + x3
mgvavb : awi, 2x + y = a Ges 2x − y = b = 2x3 + 2y3 + 2z3
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 = 2(x3 + y3 + z3) (Ans.)
(R) (2x + 3y − 4z)3 + (2x − 3y + 4z)3 + 12x {4x2 − (3y − 4z)2} cÖkœ \ 8 \ hw` a + b = m, a2 + b2 = n Ges a3 + b3 = p3 nq, Z‡e
mgvavb : (2x + 3y − 4z)3 + (2x − 3y + 4z)3 + 12x {4x2 − (3y − 4z)2} †`LvI †h, m3 + 2p3 = 3mn
= (2x + 3y − 4z)3 + (2x − 3y + 4z)3 + 34x{4x2 − (3y − 4z)2} mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = m, a2 + b2 = n Ges a3 + b3 = p3
awi, 2x + 3y − 4z = a Ges 2x − 3y + 4z = b evgc¶ = m3 + 2p3
GLv‡b, a + b = 2x + 3y − 4z + 2x − 3y + 4z = 4x = (a + b)3 + 2(a3 + b3) [gvb ewm‡q]
ab = (2x + 3y − 4z)(2x − 3y + 4z) = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 + 2a3 + 2b3
= 3a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + 3b3
= {2x + (3y − 4z)}{2x − (3 − 4z)} = 3(a3 + a2b + ab2 + b3)
= {(2x)2 − (3y − 4z)2} = 3{a2(a + b) + b2(a + b)}
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 + b3 + 3(a + b)ab = 3(a + b)(a2 + b2)
= a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = 3mn [gvb ewm‡q] = Wvbc¶
= (a + b)3  m3 + 2p3 = 3mn (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= {(2x + 3y − 4z) + (2x − 3y + 4z)}3 cÖkœ \ 9 \ hw` x + y = 1 nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, x3 + y3 − xy = (x − y)2
[gvb ewm‡q] mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 1
= {2x + 3y − 4z + 2x − 3y + 4z)3 evgc¶ = x3 + y3 − xy
= (4x)3 = 64x3 (Ans.) = (x + y) (x2 − xy + y2) − xy
cÖkœ \ 3 \ a – b = 5 Ges ab = 36 n‡j, a3 − b3 Gi gvb KZ? = 1(x2 − xy + y2) − xy [gvb ewm‡q]
= x2 − xy + y2 − xy
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a – b = 5 Ges ab = 36 = x2 − 2xy + y2 = (x − y)2 = Wvbcÿ
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 − b3 = (a − b)3 + 3ab(a − b)  x + y − xy = (x − y)2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3 3
= (5)3 + 3365 [gvb ewm‡q] cÖkœ \ 10 \ a + b = 3 Ges ab = 2 n‡j, (K) a2 − ab + b2 Ges (L)
= 125 + 540 = 665 (Ans.) a3 + b3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ hw` a3 − b3 = 513 Ges a − b = 3 nq, Z‡e ab Gi gvb KZ? mgvavb : (K) †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 3 Ges ab = 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a3 − b3 = 513 Ges a − b = 3  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2 − ab + b2
Avgiv Rvwb, (a − b)3 = a3 − b3 − 3ab (a − b) = a2 + b2 − ab
= (a + b)2 − 2ab − ab
ev, 3ab(a − b) = (a3 − b3) − (a − b)3 = (a + b)2 − 3ab
ev, 3ab 3 = 513 − (3)3 [gvb ewm‡q] = (a – b)2 + 3ab
ev, 9ab = 513 − 27 = (3)2 − 3  2 [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, 9ab = 486 = 9 − 6 = 3 (Ans.)
486
(L) †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 3 Ges ab = 2
ev, ab = 9  ab = 54 (Ans.)  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 + b3 = (a + b) − 3ab(a + b)
3
= (3) − 323
3 [gvb ewm‡q]
cÖkœ \ 5 \ x = 19 Ges y = − 12 n‡j, 8x3 + 36x2y + 54xy2 + = 27 − 18 = 9 (Ans.)
27y3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| cÖkœ \ 11 \ a − b = 5 Ges ab = 36 n‡j, (K) a2 + ab + b2 Ges
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 19 Ges y = − 12 (L) a3 − b3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = 8x3 + 36x2y + 54xy2 + 27y3 mgvavb : (K) †Ìqv Av‡Q, a − b = 5 Ges ab = 36
= (2x)3 + 3(2x)23y + 32x(3y)2 + (3y)3  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a2 + ab + b2 = a2 + b2 + ab
= (2x + 3y)3 = (a − b)2 + 2ab + ab
= {2  19 + 3  (−12)}3 [x I y-Gi gvb ewm‡q] = (a − b)2 + 3ab
= (38 − 36)3 = (2)3 = 8 (Ans.) = (5)2 + 336 [gvb ewm‡q]
cÖkœ \ 6 \ hw` a = 15 nq, Z‡e 8a3 + 60a2 + 150a + 130 Gi gvb = 25 + 108 = 133 (Ans.)
(L) †Ìqv Av‡Q, a − b = 5 Ges ab = 36
KZ?  cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 − b3 = (a − b)3 + 3ab(a − b)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 15 = (5)3 + 3365 [gvb ewm‡q]
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = 8a3 + 60a2 + 150a + 130 = 125 + 540 = 665 (Ans.)
= (2a)3 + 3(2a)25 + 32a(5)2 + (5)3 + 5 1 1
cÖkœ \ 12 \ m + m = a n‡j, m3 + m3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
= (2a + 5)3 + 5
3 1
= (2  15 + 5) + 5 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, m + m = a
3
= (30 + 5) + 5 = 42875 + 5 = 42880 (Ans.) 1
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = m3 + 3
cÖkœ \ 7 \ a = 7 Ges b = − 5 n‡j, (3a − 5b)3 + (4b − 2a)3 + 3(a − b) m
3
(3a − 5b)(4b − 2a) Gi gvb KZ? 1 1 1
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 7 Ges b = − 5
( = m+ ) m (
− 3m.
m ) m+
m
= (a)3 − 31a [gvb ewm‡q]
awi, 3a − 5b = x Ges 4b − 2a = y = a3 − 3a (Ans.)
x + y = (3a − 5b) + (4b − 2a) 1 1
= 3a − 5b + 4b − 2a = a − b cÖkœ \ 13 \ x − x = p n‡j, x3 − x3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 + y3 + 3(x + y)xy 1
= x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y = (x + y)3 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − x = p
= (3a − 5b + 4b − 2a)3 [x I y Gi gvb ewm‡q]
1 1 3
= (a − b)
3
= {7 − (−5)}3 [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]

 cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 − 3 = (x)3 −
x () x
= (7 + 5)3 = (12)3 = 1728 (Ans.)
= (x − 1x) + 3xx1 (x − 1x)

3 2
cÖkœ \ 17 \ 2x − x = 3 n‡j, †`LvI †h, 8 x3 − x3 = 63 ( 1
)
= (p)3
+ 31p [gvb ewm‡q] 2
= p3 + 3p (Ans.)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x − x = 3
1 1 1 8
cÖkœ \ 14 \ hw` a − a = 1 nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, a3 − a3 = 4
1
( )
evgc¶ = 8 x3 − x3 = 8x3 − x3
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a − a = 1 2
3
= (2x) − ( )
3
3 x
1 1
evgc¶ = a3 −
a3 ()
= (a)3 −
3
a 2
x
2
x
3
2
= (2x − ) + 32x (2x − )
x
1 1 1
= (a − ) + 3a (a − ) = (3)3 + 123 [gvb ewm‡q]
a a a
= (1)3
+ 311 [gvb ewm‡q] = 27 + 36 = 63 = Wvbc¶
= 1 + 3 = 4 = Wvbc¶ 1
1
 a3 − 3 = 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(
 8 x3 −
x3 ) = 63 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
a
cÖkœ \ 15 \ hw` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h,
(K) a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 0
ev, a + b = − c
ev, (a + b)3 = (− c)3 [Dfqc¶‡K Nb K‡i]
ev, a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = − c3
ev, a3 + b3 + 3ab(−c) = − c3
[†h‡nZz a + b + c = 0  a + b = − c]
ev, a3 + b3 − 3abc = − c3
 a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(b + c) (c + a)2 (a + b)2
2
(L) 3bc + 3ca + 3ab = 1
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b + c = 0
ev, b + c = − a
 (b + c)2 = ( − a)2 = a2
Avevi, c + a = − b
 (c + a)2 = (−b)2 = b2
Ges a + b = − c
 (a + b)2 = (− c)2 = c2
(b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2
evgc¶ = 3bc + 3ca + 3ab
a2 b2 c2 a2.a + b2.b + c2.c
= + + =
3bc 3ca 3ab 3abc
a + b + c (a + b)3 − 3ab(a + b) + c3
3 3 3
= =
3abc 3abc
(− c)3 − 3ab(− c) + c3
=
3abc
− c3 + 3abc + c3 3abc
= = = 1 = Wvbc¶
3abc 3abc
2 2 2
(b+c) (c+a) (a+b)
 + + = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3bc 3ca 3ab
cÖkœ \ 16 \ p − q = r n‡j, †`LvI †h, p3 − q3 − r3 = 3pqr
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, p − q = r
evgc¶ = p3 − q3 − r3
= (p − q)3 + 3pq(p − q) − r3
= (r)3 + 3pq(r) − r3
= r3 + 3pqr − r3 [gvb ewm‡q]
= 3pqr = Wvbc¶
 p3 − q3 − r3 = 3pqr (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
a6 − 1 1
cÖkœ \ 18 \ a = 6 + 5 n‡j, a3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| a− = 6+ 5− 6+ 5=2 5
a
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a= 6 + 5 a − 1 a6 1
6 1
cÖ`Ë ivwk = 3 = 3 − 3 = a3 − 3
a a a a
1 1 6− 5
 = = 1 3 1 1
a 6 + 5 ( 6 + 5)( 6 − 5)
[ni I je‡K ( 6 − 5) Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
( )
= a−
a
+ 3.a.
a
a−
a( )
= (2 5)3 + 3.1. 2 5 [gvb ewm‡q]
6− 5 6− 5
= = = 85 5 + 6 5
( 6) − ( 5)
2 2 6 −5
= 40 5 + 6 5 = 46 5 (Ans.)
6− 5
= = 6 − 5
1

1. p + q = 3, pq = 2 n‡j, (p3 + q3) Gi gvb KZ? Ki L i I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
9 L 18 M 27 N 45 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 1
2. p − 1 = 5 p n‡j, p − 3 Gi gvb KZ?
2 3
p p3 + =0
p3
K0 L2 5 M3 5 8 5 1
3. a + b = 3 Ges ab = 1 n‡j a3 + b3 + (a − b)2 Gi gvb KZ? 12. p2 + p2 Gi gvb KZ?
 23 L 31 M 41 N 49 K0 1 M3 N5
1 1 1
4. x + = 2 n‡j, x + 3 = KZ?
x
3
x
13. ( ) Gi gvb KZ?
p−
p
2 L3 M4 N5 K −7  −1 M1 N7
5. x + y = 4 Ges xy = 2 n‡j, x3 + y3 Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi mgxKiYwU †_‡K 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 64  40 M 32 N 18
(x + x1) = 7; †hLv‡b x  0
2
1 1
6. x + = 4 n‡j x − 3 = ?
x
3
x 1
K 18 3  30 3 M 52 N 76 14. x3 + x3 = KZ?
2 8
7. 2x + = 4 n‡j 8x + 3 Gi gvb KZ?
x
3
x
K0 L3 7 4 7 N7 7
1
 16 L 24 M 32 N 84 15. − 3 = KZ?
x3
x
8. f(x) = x4 + 3x3 − x2 − 4 n‡j f(−1) = KZ?
K3 3 L3 7 6 3 N7 7
K −1 L −5  −7 N −9 wb‡Pi mgxKiYwU †_‡K 16 I 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
9. a2 − 2 a + 1 = 0 n‡j− x=5+2 6
1 1 1 1
i. a + = 2 ii. a2 + 2 = 2 iii. a3 + 3 = − 2 16. x + x Gi gvb KZ?
a a a
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K2 2 L2 3 M4 6  10
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1
17. x3 − x3 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
10. hw` x + y = 1 nq, Z‡e−
i. x3 + y3 = 1 − 2xy ii. x3 + y3 − xy = 1 − 4xy K2 2 L 18 3 M 372 6  396 6
iii. (x − y)2 = 1 − 4xy wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? a= 2a − 1
K ii L iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 18. a Gi gvb KZ?
3 K −1 L0 M ±1 1
11. (x + y)2 = 27 Ges xy = 0 n‡j− 1 3
i. x + y = 3 ii. x3y + xy = 0 19. ( ) Gi gvb KZ?

a+
a
iii. x2 + y2 = 3 K −8 L0 M1 8

e¨vL¨v : a2 + 2ab + b2 = 4 ev, (a + b)2 = 4
33 : Nb msewjZ m~Îvewj ev, (a + b)2 = (2)2 ev, a + b = 2
 (a + b)3 = 23 = 8
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 21. a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 = 3 3 n‡j a + b = ? (mnR)
 3 L3 M2 3 N3 3
20. a2 + 2ab + b2 = 4 n‡j (a + b)3 = KZ? (ga¨g)
K 2 L 4 M 6  8
22. (a − b)3 Gi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K (a + b)(a2 − 2ab + b2)  (a − b)(a2 − 2ab + b2)
M (a − b)2 (a + b) N (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2) 39. (a − b)3 = 3 3 n‡j, a2 − 2ab + b2 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
23. a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 − b3 = 27 n‡j a − b = ? (ga¨g) 3 L9 M3 3 N 27
K2 3 M4 N5 3
e¨vL¨v : (a − b)3 = ( 3) ev, (a − b) = 3  (a − b)2 = 3
24. a3 + b3 =? (mnR)
K (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2)  (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2)
40. x + y = 3a Ges xy = 2a2 n‡j x3 + y3 Gi gvb KZ ? (ga¨g)
K 36a3 L 27a3 M 18a3  9a3
M (a + b)(a + b)2 N (a − b)(a − b)2
e¨vL¨v : x3 + y3 = (x + y)3 − 3xy(x + y)
25. a + b = 3, a2 − ab + b2 = 12 n‡j a3 + b3 = KZ? (ga¨g) = (3a)3 − 32a23a = 27a3 − 18a3 = 9a3
K3 L4 M5 6 1 1
26. a3 + b3 = 4, a2 − ab + b2 = 2 n‡j a + b = ? (ga¨g) 41. m + m = 1 n‡j m3 + m3 = KZ? (ga¨g)
 2 L3 M4 N6 K 27 L 20 M 18  −2
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2) = a3 + b3 42. m2 + m + 1 = 0 n‡j m3 Gi gvb KZ ? (ga¨g)
ev, (a + b)  2 = 4  a + b = 2 K −1 L0 1 N2
27. wb‡Pi †Kvb ivwkwUi Nb a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b3? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : m3 − 1 = (m − 1)(m2 + m + 1) = 0  (m − 1)
K 2a + b L a + 3b  a + 2b N 2a + 3b ev, m3 − 13 = 0  m3 = 1
28. x + y = 2, x2 + y2 = 4 n‡j, x3 + y3 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 43. x = 2, y = 1 n‡j (x2 + y2)(x4 − x2y2 + y4) =? (KwVb)
8 L0 M4 N6 K 63 L 64  65 N 66
1 2 1 e¨vL¨v : (x2 + y2)(x4 − x2y2 + y4) = (x2)3 + (y2)3
29. ( )x–
x
= 0 n‡j, x3 + 3 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
x
(KwVb)
1
= x + y = 2 + 16 = 65
6 6 6
K0 L1 2 N4 44. a = 2 n‡j (2a − 1)(8a4 + 4a2 + 9) Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)

1
30. 2x – 3x + 2 = 0 n‡j, x + 3 Gi mwVK gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
2 3 K −1 L −2 0 N2
x 1 1
4 9 5 11 e¨vL¨v : a = n‡j 2a − 1 = 2 − 1 = 0
K – M N 2 2
3 8 7 13  (2a − 1)(8a4 + 4a2 + 9) = 0
e¨vL¨v : 2x2 − 3x + 2 = 0 1 1
3
1 1 45. 2x + 2y = 4 n‡j x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 = ? (mnR)
ev, 2x2 + 2 = 3x x + 3= x+
3
x x ( ) ( )
− 3x
x
x+
x K4 L6 8 N 12
ev, 2(x2 + 1) = 3x 3 3 3 46. a + b = 5 n‡j a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 =? (mnR)
x2 + 1 3 = ( ) − 31
ev, x = 2 2 2
K3 5 L4 5 5 5 N6 5
27 9 27 − 36 9 3
1 3 = − = =− e¨vL¨v : (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3) = (a + b)3 = ( 5) = 5 5
x+ = 8 2 8 8
x 2 1
47. x3 − 3 = 0 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨?
x
(ga¨g)
31. a + b = 3 Ges ab = 2 n‡j, a3 + b3 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 1
 x2 − 1 = 0 L x = −1 M x= N x2 + 1 = 0
K4 L6 9 N 12 2
e¨vL¨v : a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 − 3ab(a + b) = (3)3 − 323 1 1 1 1
= 27 − 18 = 9 e¨vL¨v : x3 −
x3
= 0 ev, x − ( )(
x
x2 + x . + 2
x x )=0
32. (a + 3x) – 3ax +
(a2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
9x2)
ev,
1
x− =0x −1 =0
2
K a3 + 3x3  a3 + 27x3 M a3 – 9x3 N 3(a3 – 2x3) x

33. a = – 3 Ges b = 2 n‡j, 8a + 36a b + 54ab2 + 27b3 Gi
3 2 48. (3x − 2)(9x2 + 6x + 4) = 0 n‡j, 3x =? (ga¨g)
2 L3 M4 N5
gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
1 1
K 12 L4 M 18 0 49. a = x + y, b = x − y n‡j, a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 =? (ga¨g)
34. a – b = x n‡j, a3 – b3 – 3ab (a − b) Gi mwVK gvb wb‡Pi
K 2x3 L 4x3 M 643  8x3
†KvbwU? (ga¨g) 50. x2 + y2 = xy n‡j, x3 + y3 =? (ga¨g)
 x3 L x2 – 2 M x3 + 3 N x3 – 3 K −1 0 M1 N2
1 1
35. x = a + Ges y = a – n‡j, x3 + y3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 Gi
a a
1
51. a = 1 + b n‡j, a3 − 3a2 + 3a − 1 =? (ga¨g)
mwVK gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
1 1
a3
 L b3 M− 3 N −b3
K a3 L a+2  8a3 N b3 b
3 e¨vL¨v : a3 − 3a2 + 3a − 1 = (a)3 − 3a21 + 3a12 − 13
36. a Gi gvb KZ n‡j, a + 6a b + 11ab + 6b = 0 nq? (ga¨g)
3 2 2 2
1
3 3
Kb  −b M 2b N
b
2
= (a − 1)3 = ( 1+ −1
b ) = (1b) = b13
52. a + a + 1 = 0 n‡j, a =?
2 3
(ga¨g)
37. a3 − 2 2 †K a3 + b3 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K0 1 M −1 N −2
 a3 + ( − 2)3 L a3 + ( 2)3 e¨vL¨v : a3 − 1 = (a − 1)(a2 + a + 1) = (a − 1)  0 = 0
M a3 − ( − 2)3 N a3 + (2)3  a3 − 1 = 0 ev, a3 = 1
1 2
1 53. y3 = 1 n‡j, y2 + y + 1 =? (ga¨g)
38. ( )
p+
p
= 3 n‡j + 3 = KZ?
p3
p
(ga¨g) K0 L1
e¨vL¨v : y3 = 1 ev, y3 = 13 ev, y = 1
M2 3
0 L −2 M1 N3  y2 + y + 1 = 12 + 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
3
1 1 1 1 a b a3 b3
e¨vL¨v : p3 + p3 = ( )p+
p
3
− 3p
p ( )
p+
p 54. b + a = 3 n‡j b3 + a3 = ? (ga¨g)
= ( 3) − 3 3=3 3−3 3=0 0 L3 3 M6 3 N9 3
55. x + y = z n‡j x3 + y3 + 3xyz = ? (mnR)
iii. p6 = 1 n‡j p3 −
1
=1
 z3 L −z3 M x3 N y3 p3
56. (a + b)3 = 8 n‡j, (a + b) Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K1 2 M3 N4  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
57. a3 + b3 = 2, a2 − ab + b2 = 4 n‡j, (a + b)2 Gi gvb †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 70. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
1 1 i. (x + 3y) (x2 + 6xy + 9y2) = (x + y)3
K4 L2  N
4 8 ii. x = 2 I y = 1 n‡j (x3 + y3) = 9
1 1
58. a − a = 1, n‡j, a3 − a3 Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) iii. (x − y)3 I (x2 − 2xy + y2) Gi fvMdj (x + y)
K0 L2 4 N6
3  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
1 1 1 1
e¨vL¨v : a − 3= a−
3
a ( )
a
+ 3a
a( )
a−
a
3
=1 +3=4
59. a = 2 n‡j, (a − 2)(a + 2a + 4) Gi gvb KZ?

2 4 2 (ga¨g) i. a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 − ab + b2)
K1 0 M −2 N −3 ii. x = 2a − b I y = 2b − a n‡j (x + y)3 = (a + b)3
60. a = 2 Ges b = 3, n‡j (a + b )(a − a b + b ) =? (ga¨g)
2 2 4 2 2 4 15 3
K 27  35 M 42
iii. xy = 15 n‡j x −
N 48 y
=0 ( )
61. a = 0 n‡j (a + 2)(a2 − 2a + 4) =? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K2 L4 M6 8 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(ga¨g) 72. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
1 3 1
62. a+ a = 2 n‡j + 3a + + 3 Gi
a3
a a
gvb KZ?
a b 3 3 33
K4 L6 8 N9 i. a = 0 I +
p q ( )
= (x − y ) n‡j b = q(x3 − y3)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (x3
ii. − y3)3 = 3 3 n‡j x3 − y3 = 3
63. x – y – z = 0 n‡j− iii. (x − y)(x2 − 2xy + y2) = 64 n‡j x − y = 4
i. x3 – y3 – z3 = 3xyz ii. x3 – y3 = z (3xy + z2) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
iii. x3 = 3xyz – y3 – z3 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
64. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki:
3 3  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 73 − 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. (a + b )3 = a – b + 3ab (a + b)
ii. (a + b )3 = a3 + 3ab2 + 3a2b + b3 p3 + 3p2q + 3pq2 + q3 = 0 GKwU mgxKiY|
iii. a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) 73. p Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 3pq L 2q  –q N1
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1 1
74. p = x + y Ges q = x – y n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
65. x + y = 1 n‡j Ñ 1
i. x3 + y3 = 1 − 2xy ii. x3 + y3 − xy = 1 − 4xy 0 L M2 N
2
iii. (x − y)2 = 1 − 4xy
75. p + q = –1 Ges pq = 2 n‡j, p3 + q3 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K2 L4 5 N8
66. a + b + c = 0 n‡j− x2 + 1 = 3x
i. (a + b)3 = −c3 ii. a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = − c3 1 3
iii. a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
( )
76. x + x = KZ? (mnR)
K 3 L3 3 3 N9
1 2
67. x = 18, y = 2 n‡j− ( )
77. x + x = KZ? (mnR)
i. xy = 12 ii. (x − y)3 = 16 2 K 3 3 M3 3 N9
iii. x + y = 4 2 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 78. x + x3 = KZ?
3 (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 0 L1 M2 N3
68. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 79 I 80 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) 1
x − = 0 n‡j,
ii. x3 − 1 = 7 n‡j x = 2 x
iii. a3 + b3 = (a − b)3 (a2 + ab + b2) 79. x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  1 L2 M3 N 4
1
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 80. x − x3 Gi gvb KZ?
3 (ga¨g)
69. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K4 L3 0 N −4
i. x = 3 I y = 1 n‡j (x − y)3 = 8
ii. x = 2 I y = 3 n‡j (x3 − y3) = − 19
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 81 − 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1
83. 8x3 − 27x3 Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
1
x(2x − 5) =  135 L 125 M 115 N 110
3
1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 84 − 86 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
81. 2x −
3x
= KZ? (ga¨g) x + y = 2, xy = 1
1 84. x3 + y3 = KZ? (mnR)
K 5 M7 N 13 2 L3 M9 N 27
3
1 85. x3 + y3 + (x − y)2 = KZ? (ga¨g)
82. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 4x2 + 9x2 Gi gvb? (ga¨g)
2 L4 M6 N8
79 3 71 86. x3 + y3 + x2 + 2xy + y2 = KZ? (ga¨g)
 L 79 M N
3 79 3 6 L4 M3 N2

1 1 K iii  i I ii Mi I iii N ii I iii
87. a + a = 2 n‡j, a6 − a6 Gi gvb KZ?
K1 L2 M3 0
1 1 2
88. a3
1
− Gi
8
Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? a ( )
i. a + = 2 n‡j, a −
a
=0
1 ii. a3 − b3 = (a − b)3 − 3ab(a − b)

K (2a − 1)(4a2 + 2a + 1) L (2a − 1)(2a2 + a + 1) iii. a + b = 6 Ges a − b = 4 n‡j, ab = 5
8
M (a − 1)(2a2 + a + 1)  (2a − 1) (4a2 + 2a + 1) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
8
2 8
89. x + x = 3 n‡j, x3 + x3 Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 102 − 104 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x2 − 5 − 2 6 = 0 n‡j,
K1 L8 9 N16
90. a3 − b3 = 513 Ges a − b = 3 n‡j, ab = ? 102. x Gi gvb−
 54 L −54 M 252 N168  3+ 2 L 2− 3
91. a3 + b3 =16, a + b = 2 n‡j, a2 − ab + b2 = KZ? M 3− 2 N2+ 3
K4 L6 M 12 8 1
103. x + = KZ?
92. a + b = 4, a2 + b2 = 8 n‡j, a3 + b3 = ? x
K 18  16 M 12 N0 K 2 L2 2
93. hw` a + b + c = 0 nq, Z‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU a3 + b3 + c3 Gi M 3 2 3
gvb ? 1
3
104. x − 3
3
x
Gi gvb n‡e−
K0 L3  3abc N
abc K 18 2  22 2
1
94. x = 3 + 2 2 n‡j, x + x = KZ ? M 24 2 N 26 2
K 3−2 2 6 M4 2 N6+4 2
1
95. a2 − 3a + 1 = 0 n‡j, a3 + 3 Gi gvb
a
KZ ?
0 L3 M 3 N 18 3
3 5
96. x− =2
x
n‡j, x2 − 2x + 2 Gi gvb KZ ?
1 L2 M3 N4
1
97. a = −1 − n‡j, a + 3a + 3a + 1 = KZ ?
b
3 2
1 1
K 3 − 3 M −b3 N b3
b b
1 1
98. a − = 0 n‡j, a3 − 3 = KZ ?
a a
3
K3 L2 M 0
2
99. a − b = 2 n‡j, a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 − b3 = KZ ?
2 2 L3 2 M2 N2 3
i. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
ii. x3 − 1 = 7 n‡j x = 2
iii. a3 + b3 = (a − b)3 (a2 + ab + b2)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 105 − 107 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 106. a Ges b Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kx?
a b Ka=b+1 L a+2=b  a=b N a+3=b+2
+ =2
b a 107. a = 1 Ges a3 + b2 + c3 = 10 n‡j c Gi gvb KZ?
105. (a2 + b2)3 Gi gvb KZ? K1 2 M3 N4
 8a3b3 L 4a2b2 M 8a3b N 8ab3

œ 1 a=
cÖk- 5 n‡j,
( 1) = 3
2
6 + ev, x + x
1
K. a wbY©q Ki| 2 1
 (x + ) = ± 3 (Ans.)
1 x
L. a3 + a3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 1
1
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x + x = 3 [abvZ¥K gvb a‡i ]
M. a6 + 6
a
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
x6 + 1 x6 1 1
evgcÿ = x3 = x3 + x3 = x3 + x3
(x + x1) − 3.x.x1 (x + 1x)
3
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 6 + 5 =
1 1 6− 5 3
 = = = ( 3) − 3 3 [gvb ewm‡q]
a 6 + 5 ( 6 + 5) ( 6 − 5)
= 3 3 − 3 3 = 0 = Wvbcÿ
6− 5
= = 6− 5 (Ans.) x6 + 1
6−5  = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x3
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 6 + 5
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x4 − x2 + 1 = 0
1
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, a
= 6− 5 ev, x4 + 1 = x2
1 x4 + 1
a+ = 6+ 5+ 6− 5=2 6 ev, x2 = 1 [Dfqcÿ‡K x2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
a
1 1 3 1 1 x4 1
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 + a3 = a + a ev, x2 + x2 = 1
( ) − 3 a.
a ( )
a+
a
1
= (2 6)3 − 3.(2 6) [gvb ewm‡q]  x2 +
x2
= 1 .... (i)
= 48 6 − 6 6 = 42 6 (Ans.) 1
1 1 3 1 1
Avevi, ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x3 + x3 = 0 ............ (ii)
M cÖ`Ë ivwk = a (
a ) a
2
a6 + 6 = a3 + 3 − 2.a3. 3 = (a3) + 3 2
(a ) GLb, mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ¸Y K‡i cvB,
(x ) (x ) = 0.1
1 1 1
= (42 6)2 − 2 [ÔLÕ n‡Z a3 + 3 = 42 6] 3 + 2 +
a x3 x2
= 10584 − 2 = 10582 (Ans.) 1 1 1
ev, x5 + x3 . x2 + x3. x2 + x5 = 0
œ 2  x4 − x2 + 1 = 0 n‡jÑ
cÖk-
1 1
1
K. x + x Gi gvb KZ? 2 ev, x5 + x + x + x5 = 0
1 1
L. †`LvI †h, x3 = 0
x6 + 1
4 ev, x5 + x5 + x + x = 0
1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x5 + x5 = − 3.
1
4 ev, x5 + x5 + 3 = 0 [ ÔKÕ †_‡K ]
1
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   x5 +
x5
=− 3 (cÖgvwYZ)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x4 − x2 + 1 = 0 œ 3 a=
cÖk- 6 + 5 n‡j,
ev, x4 + 1 = x2 1
x4 + 1
K. a
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, x2 = 1
ev, x2
1
+ 2=1
L. (a − a1 )(a − a1 ) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2
2
3
3 4
x a12−1
M. a6
= 1932 30 Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
1 2 1
ev, ( )
x+
x
− 2x. = 1
x
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, x2 = 7 + 2 42 + 6
2 2
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 6 + 5 ev, x2 = ( 7) + 2. 7. 6 + ( 6)
2
1 1 6− 5 ev, x2 = ( 7 + 6)
∴ = =
a 6 + 5 ( 6 + 5 ) ( 6 − 5)  x = 7 + 6 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
6− 5 1 1
= L. GLb, x =
( 6) 2
− ( 5) 2 7+ 6
6− 5 6− 5 1 ( 7 – 6)
= = = 6− 5 (Ans.) ev, x =
6−5 1 ( 7 + 6) ( 7 – 6 )
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 6 + 5 1 ( 7 – 6)
ev, x =
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB,
1
= 6− 5 ( 7)2 – ( 6)2
a
1 7– 6
∴a+
1
= 6+ 5+ 6− 5=2 6 ev, x = 7 – 6
a
1
1
Ges a − a = 6 + 5 − 6 + 5 = 2 5 ev, x = 7 – 6
1
x+ = 7–
GLb, (a − a1 )(a − a1 )
2
2
3
3 x
7+ 6+ 6=2 7
1
1 1  1
= (a + ) (a − ) (a − )
a a  a
3
+ 3 a.
1
a ( )
a−
1 
a 

evgcÿ = x3 + x3 = x + x ( 1) – 3.x.1x (x + x1)
3
3
= 2 6 . 2 5 {(2 5) + 3 . 2 5} 3 [gvb ewm‡q] = (2 7) – 3.2 7 [gvb ewm‡q]
=4 6. 5 (8.5 5 + 6 5 ) = 56 7 – 6 7 = 50 7 = Wvbcÿ
1
=4 6. 5 (40 5 + 6 5 )  x3 + x3 = 50 7 (cÖgvwYZ)
=4 6. 5 . 46 5= 920 6 (Ans.) 1
1 1 M. GLb, x – x = ( 7 + 6) – ( 7 – 6)
M ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, a + a = 2 6 Ges a − a = 2 5
= 7+ 6– 7+ 6=2 6
a12 − 1 a12 1 1 1 3
evgcÿ = a6 = a6 − a6 = a6 − a6 = (a2)3 − a2 ()  x2 +
1
x2
= ( ) x+
1 2
x
– 2.x.
1
x
1 3 1 1
= ( ) a2 − 2
a ( ) + 3.a2. 2
a
3
a2 − 2
a = (2 7) – 2
2
[gvb ewm‡q]
 1 1  1 1 = 28 – 2 = 26
= (a + ) (a − ) + 3.(a + ) (a − )
 a a  a a 1 1 1 1
= (2 6  2 5)3 + 3 . 2 6 . 2 5 [gvb ewm‡q]
Ges x3 – 3 = x –
x x ( )
+ 3.x. x –
x x ( )
3
= (4 30)3 + 12 30 = (2 6) + 3.2 6 [gvb ewm‡q]
= 64  30 30 + 12 30 = 48 6 + 6 6 = 54 6
= 1920 30 + 12 30 = 1932 30 = Wvbcÿ 1 1
a12 − 1
 ( x2 + 2
x )( x3 – 3 = 26 × 54 6
x )
 = 1932 30 [mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv] 1 1
a6 ev, x5 – x + x – x5 = 1404 6
œ 4  x2 – 2
cÖk- 42 – 13 = 0; x  0 1
K. †`LvI †h, x = 7 + 6 2 (
ev, x5 – x5 + x – x ) ( 1 ) = 1404 6
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, x3 + x3 = 50 7 4 1
ev, x5 – x5 + 2 6 = 1404 6
1
M. ( x )
x5 – 5 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 1
ev, x5 – x5 = 1404 6 – 2 6 = 1402 6
 x5 – = 1402 6 (Ans.)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x2 – 2 42 – 13 = 0 x5
ev, x2 = 13 + 2 42

œ 5  a + b = 5 Ges ab = 6
cÖk- K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 5 + 3
K. 397 Gi Nb wbY©q Ki| 2 1 1 1( 5 − 3)
 = =
L. a3 + b3 + 4(a − b)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 x 5+ 3 ( 5+ 3)( 5 − 3)
M. a − b = 8 n‡j †`LvI †h, a3 − b3 + 8 (a + b)2 = 856. 4 5− 3 5− 3 5− 3
= =
5−3
= (Ans.)
2 ( 5) − ( 3)
2 2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 5 + 3
K. 397 Gi Nb
1 5− 3
= (397)3 = (400 − 3)3 ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x = 2
= (400)3 − 3(400)23 + 3400 (3)2 − (3)3 1 5− 3
= 64000000 − 1440000 + 10800 − 27 x+ = 5+ 3+
x 2
= 64010800 − 1440027 = 62570773 (Ans.) 2 5+2 3+ 5− 3 3 5+ 3
= =
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 5 Ges ab = 6 2 2
Avgiv Rvwb, (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab = 52 − 46 1 1 3 1 1
= 25 − 24 = 1
( ) ( )
GLb, x + x3 = x + x − 3xx x + x
3
1 3 1
cÖ`Ë ivwk
a−b=1
= a3 + b3 + 4(a − b)2
( ) ( )
= x+
x
−3 x+
x
=   5 + 3
3
3 5 + 3 3
= {(a + b)3 − 3ab (a + b)} + 41 [ a − b = 1]  2  − 3 2 
= {53 − 365} + 4 = (422)3 − 3  422 [K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i]
= {125 − 90} + 4 = 35 + 4 = 39 (Ans.) = 75151 − 1266 = 62491 (Ans.)
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a − b = 8 M. GLv‡b, x = 2 + 3
evgcÿ = a3 − b3 + 8(a + b)2 1 1 (2 − 3) 2− 3 2− 3
 = = = = =2− 3
= {(a − b)3 + 3ab(a − b)} + 8(a + b)2 x 2 + 3 (2 + 3)(2 − 3) 4 − 3 1
= {83 + 3  6  8} + 8  52 1 1
= 512 + 18  8 + 8  25
( )( )
evgcÿ = x2 − x2 x3 − x3
= 512 + 144 + 200 = 856 = Wvbcÿ  1 1  1 3 1 1 
 a3 − b3 + 8(a + b)2 = 856|(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)  ( )( ) ( )

=  x−
x
x +  x −
x  x ( )
+ 3.x. x − 
x x 
= {(2 + 3 − 2 + 3)(2 + 3 + 2 − 3)}
œ 6 x= 5+ 3
cÖk- {(2 + 3 − 2 + 3)3 + 3(2 + 3 − 2 + 3)} [gvb ewm‡q]
1 = (2 34)  {(2 3)3 + 6 3}
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †_‡K x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
= 8 3  {83 3 + 6 3}
1 = 8 3  30 3 = 240  3 = 720 = Wvbcÿ
L. x3 + x3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1 1
(
 x2 − 2
x )( )
x3 − 3 = 720 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x
( 1 )(x − x1 )= 720
M. x = 2 + 3 n‡j †`LvI †h, x2 − x2 3
3 4

œ 7  x + y = a, x2 + y2 = b2, x3 + y3 = c3
cÖk- a2 − b2
ev, 2xy = a2 − b2  xy = 2 (Ans.)
K. xy-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
L. a = 4, b = 2 2 n‡j †`LvI †h, c3 = 16 4 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
M. †`LvI †h, a3 + 2c3 = 3ab2 4 x+y=a Ges x2 + y2 = b2
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, x + y = 4 ev, x2 + y2 = (2 2)2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = a ev, (x + y) = (4)
2 2  x2 + y2 = 8
ev, (x + y)2 = (a)2 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i] ev, x + y + 2xy = 16
2 2
ev, x2 + 2xy + y2 = a2 ev, 8 + 2xy = 16 [ x2 + y2 = 8]

ev, x2 + y2 + 2xy = a2 ev, 2xy = 16 − 8
ev, b2 + 2xy = a2 [ x2 + y2 = b2] ev, 2xy= 8  xy = 4
Avevi, x3 + y3 = (x + y)3 − 3xy (x + y) = 5(125 + 6) = 5  131 = 655 = Wvbc¶
3 1
= (4) − 344 = 64 − 48 = 16  −
40x3 = 655 (cÖgvwYZ)
25x3
 c3 = 16 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cÖk-
œ 9  2x − 3x − 2 = 0
2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = a, x2 + y2 = b2 Ges x3 + y3 = c3
2
evgcÿ = a3 + 2c3 = (x + y)3 + 2(x3 + y3) K. 2x − x = KZ? 2
= x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 + 2x3 + 2y3
1
= x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 + 2x3 + 2y3
= 3x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + 3y3 (
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 8 x3 − x3 = 63 ) 4
= 3(x3 + x2y + xy2 + y3) 3 1 1
= 3{x2(x + y) + y2 (x + y)}
= 3(x + y)(x2 + y2) = 3ab2 [gvb ewm‡q]
(
M. 3p − p = 12 n‡j †`LvI †h, 19 p3 − p3 = 4 ) 4
= Wvbcÿ
 a3 + 2c3 = 3ab2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x2 − 3x − 2 = 0
ev, 2x2 − 2 = 3x
15x + 1
œ 8 x=
cÖk- 2x2 − 2
6 ev,x
= 3 [x Øviv fvM K‡i]
1 2
K. †`LvI †h, 2x − 3x = 5 2 2x 2 2
ev, x − x = 3  2x − x = 3 (Ans.)
1 1
L. 4x2 + 9x2 Ges 8x3 − 27x3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 L. 2
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, 2x − x = 3
1 1
M. 2x − 5x = 5 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, 40x3 − 25x3 = 655 4 1 1 3

( )
ev, 2 x − x = 3  x − x = 2
1
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x =
15x + 1
6
( )
evgc¶ = 8 x3 − x3
 1 3 1 1 
ev, x = 6
2
15x + 1
[eM© K‡i] ( )
=8 x−
 ( ) x
+ 3.x.
x
x−
x 
 3 3 3
ev, 6x = 15x + 1
2
ev, 6x2 − 1 = 15x

=8() 2
+ 3. 
2
27 9 27 + 36 63
6x2 − 1 15x
ev, 3x = 3x [Dfqcÿ‡K 3x Øviv fvM K‡i] ( ) ( )
=8 +
8 2
=8
8
= 8  = 63 = Wvbc¶
8
1
6x2 1
ev, 3x − 3x = 5 ( )
 8 x3 − 3 = 63 (cÖgvwYZ)
x
1 3
 2x − = 5 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 3p − p = 12
3x
1 1
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, 2x − 3x = 5 ( )
ev, 3 p − p = 12
1 1 2 1
( )
cÖ`Ë cÖ_g ivwk = 4x2 + 9x2 = ( 2x)2 + 3x  p − = 4 [Dfqc¶‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i]
p
evgc¶ = 19 p3 − p3 = 19 p3 − p 
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3
( )
= 2x − 3x + 22x
4
3x ( )   ()
= (5) + 3 [gvb ewm‡q]
2 3
1 1 1 1
4 75 + 4 79
= 25 + 3 = 3 = 3 (Ans.)
= 19 {( )p−
p p p }
+ 3.p. (p − )
1 3 1
= 19 (4 + 34) [ p − = 4]
1 1 3 p
cÖ`Ë wØZxq ivwk = 8x3 − 27x3 = (2x)3 − 3x ( ) 1 1
= 19 (64 + 12) =  76 = 4 = Wvbc¶
19
1 3 1 1
(
= 2x −
3x )
+ 3.2x.
3x ( )
2x −
3x 
1
19 ( p
1
)
p3 − 3 = 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= (5) + 2  5 [gvb ewm‡q]
3
= 125 + 10 = 135 (Ans.) œ 10  x = 2 + 1

cÖk-
1 K. x = KZ? 2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x − 5x = 5
1
1 1 L. x3 + 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
(
evgc¶ = 40x3 − 25x3 = 5 8x3 − 125x3 ) 1
x
 1 3 M. x3 + 3 = 18 3 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, x = 3 + 2 4

= 5 (2x)3 −
 ( ) 5x 

x
 1 3 1 1 
= 5  2x −
 ( )5x
+ 3.2x.
5x (2x − )
5x  K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 2 + 1
1
= 5{(5) + 32 5} [gvb ewm‡q]
3 ev, ( x)2 = ( 2 + 1)2 [eM© K‡i]
5
ev, x = ( 2)2 + 2 21 + 12
ev, x = 2 + 2 2 + 1 1 1 1 2 1
 x = 3 + 2 2 (Ans.)
− 3x ( ) ( )
x
x+
x
+ x+
x
− 2x
x
 1 2 12
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x = 3 + 2 2 = x+
 ( ) x x
3 2
− 2.x.  − 2 + 3 − 3  3 + 3 − 2
1 1 3−2 2 3−2 2 2 2
= (3 − 2) + 27 − 9 + 9 − 4
 = = =
x 3 + 2 2 (3 + 2 2) (3 − 2 2) 32 − (2 2)2 2 2
= (9 − 2) + 23 = 7 + 23 = 49 + 23 = 72 (Ans.)
3−2 2 3−2 2 3−2 2 M.
1
†Ìqv Av‡Q, x + x = 3
= 2 = = =3−2 2
3 − (2 2)2 9−8 1
1 2
x+
1
x
=3+2 2+3−2 2=6 ( )
ev, x + x = 32 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
1 1 3 1 1 1 1
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 + 3 = x + ( ) − 3x x + ( ) ev, x2 + 2xx + x2 = 9
x x x x
= 63 − 3  6 = 216 − 18 = 198 (Ans.) 1
ev, x2 + 2 + x2 = 9
1
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x3 + x3 = 18 3 1
x6 + 1
ev, x2 + x2 = 9 − 2
ev, x3 = 18 3 1
ev, x2 + x2 = 7
ev, x6 + 1 = 18 3x3
ev, x6 − 18 3 x3 + 1 = 0 1 2
ev, (x3)2 − 2x39 3 + (9 3)2 − (9 3)2 + 1 = 0
( )
ev, x2 + x2 = 72 [cybivq eM© K‡i]
1 1 2
ev, (x3 − 9 3)2 − 243 + 1 = 0
ev, (x3 − 9 3)2 = 242
()
ev, (x2)2 + 2x2.x2 + x2 = 49
1
ev, (x3 − 9 3)2 = (11 2)2 ev, x4 + 2 + x4 = 49
ev, x3 − 9 3= 11 2 [eM©g~j K‡i] 1
ev, x4 + x4 = 49 − 2
ev, x3 = 9 3 + 11 2
1
ev, x3 = 3 3 + 6 3 + 9 2 + 2 2  x4 + 4 = 47 (i)
x
ev, x3 = ( 3)3 + 3( 3)2 2 + 3 3( 2)2 + ( 2)3 1
ev, x3 = ( 3 + 2)3 ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x3 + x3 = 18 (ii)
 x = 3 + 2 (cÖgvwYZ) (i) bs mgxKiY‡K (ii) bs mgxKiY Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB,
1 1
1
œ 11  x + x = 3
cÖk- ( x3 + 3
x )( x )
x4 + 4 = 47  18
1 1
1
K. x3 + x3 = KZ? 2 ev, x7 + x + x + x7 = 846
1 1
1 1 1
L. x4 + x3 + x2 + x2 + x3 + x4 Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 ( )
ev, x7 + x7 = 846 − x + x = 846 − 3 = 843
1 1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x7 + x7 = 843 4  x7 + 7 = 843 (cÖgvwYZ)
x
œ 12  x3 + x3 = 18 3
cÖk-
1
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + x = 3 K. †`LvI †h, x6 − 18 3 x3 + 1 = 0 2
1 1 3 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, x = 3 + 2 4
cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 + x3 = x3 + () x 1
M. x5 + x5 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1 3 1 1
= x+( ) x
− 3x
x
x+
x ( )  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 33 − 33 [gvb ewm‡q]
1
= 27 − 9 = 18 (Ans.) K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x3 + x3 = 18 3
1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + x = 3 x6 + 1
ev, x3 = 18 3
1 1 1
cÖ`Ë ivwk = x4 + x3 + x2 + x2 + x3 + x4 ev, x6 + 1 = 18 3x3
ev, x6 − 18 3x3 + 1 = 0
= (x + x1 ) + (x + x1 ) + (x + x1 )
4
4
3
3
2
2  x − 18 3 x3 + 1 = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
6
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB,

1 2
1 1 3 2
= (x ) + ( ) + x + ( ) + x + ( )
2 2
2
3 2
x6 − 18 3 x3 + 1 = 0
x x x
1 12 1 3 ev, x6 − 18 3 x3 + 243 − 242 = 0
= (x + ) − 2x  + (x + )
2
2
2
2 ev, (x3)2 − 2x39 3 + (9 3)2 − 242 = 0
x x x
ev, (x3 − 9 3)2 = 242 3− 2 3− 2
= =
3−2
= 3− 2
ev, (x3 − 9 3)2 = 121  2 ( 3)2 − ( 2)2
ev, x3 − 9 3 = 11 2 [eM©g~j K‡i] 1
x+ = 3+ 2+ 3− 2=2 3
x
ev, x3 = 9 3 + 11 2
1 1 2 1
ev, x3 = 3 3 + 9 2 + 6 3 + 2 2
ev, x3 = ( 3)3 + 3( 3)2 2 + 3 3 ( 2)2 + ( 2)3
( )
GLb, x2 + x2 = x + x − 2xx
= (2 3)2 − 2
ev, x3 = ( 3 + 2)3 = 12 − 2 = 10
 x = 3 + 2 (cÖgvwYZ) 1 1 1 1
M. ÔLÕ Ask †_‡K, x = 3 + 2 ( )( )
Avevi, x3 + x3 x2 + x2 = x5 + x5 + x + x ( )
1 1

1
x
=
1
3+ 2
[
ev, 18 3  10 = x5 + x5 + 2 3 x3 + x3 = 18 3 ]
1
3− 2 ev, x5 + x5 = 180 3 − 2 3
= [ je I ni‡K 3 − 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
( 3 + 2)( 3 − 2) 1
 x5 + 5 = 178 3 (Ans.)
x

œ 13  a = 6 + 5 n‡j,
1
K. †`LvI †h, a
= 6 − 5. 2 K. g‡b Kwi, msL¨vwU x
1
a6 −1 Z_¨g‡Z, mgxKiY MVb Kiv n‡jv x + x = 5 (Ans.)
L. a3
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1
1 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x + x = 5
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, a6 − a6 = 1932 30 4
2 2
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   (x − 1x) = (x + 1x) − 4x 1x = 5 − 4 = 25 − 4 = 21
2
K. m„Rbkxj 3 (K) bs mgvavb †`L| 1

 x − = 21
a6 −1 a6 1 1 x
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk = a3 = a3 − a3 = a3 − a3 1 1 3 1 1
1 3 1 1
( ) ( )
GLb, x3 − x3 = x − x + 3xx x − x = ( 21)3 +
( ) ( )
= a−
a
+ 3a a −
a a 3 21
= 21 21 + 3 21 = 24 21 (Ans.)
1 3 1
=( ) ( )a− +3 a− 1
a a M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x + x = 5
3 1
= (2 5) + 32 5 [ a = 6 + 5 Ges = 6 − 5 ] 1 1 2 1
= 85 5 + 6 5 = 40 5 + 6 5 (Ans.)
a
( )
GLb, x2 + x2 = x + x − 2xx = 52 − 2 = 25 − 2 = 23
M. m„Rbkxj 3 (M) bs mgvavb †`L| 1 1 3 1 1
œ 14  †Kv‡bv msL¨v I H msL¨vi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ msL¨vi

cÖk-
( )
Avevi, x3 + x3 = x + x − 3xx x + x ( )
= 53 − 35 = 125 − 15 = 110
mgwó 5. 1 1 1 1
K. msL¨vwU‡K x Pj‡K cÖKvk K‡i Dc‡ii Z_¨‡K (
 x2 + 2
x )( x )
x3 + 3 = x5 + 5 + x +
x x
GKwU mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 1
ev, 23  110 = x5 + x5 + 5
1
L. x3 − x3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 1
ev, x5 + x5 = 2530 − 5
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x5 + x15 = 2525 4 1
 x5 + 5 = 2525 (cÖgvwYZ)
x

œ 15  a = 6, b = 3 I c = 5
cÖk- DËi : K. 216; L. 1728; M. 4096
K. 8a3 − 72a2 + 216a − 216 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 œ 16  a + b = m, a2 + b2 = n, a3 + b3 = p3 n‡j−
cÖk-
L. (4a − 3b)3 − 3 (4a − 3b)2 (2a − 3b) + 3 (4a − 3b) (2a − 3b)2 − K. ab Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
(2a − 3b)3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. (a + b + c)3 − (a − b − c)3 − 6(b + c) {a2 − (b + c)2} Gi gvb L. †`LvI †h, a3 + b3 + 3abm = m3 4
wbY©q Ki| 4 M. †`LvI †h, m3 + 2p3 = 3mn 4
DËi : K.
m2 – n œ 21  x2 − 2 6 = 5
cÖk-
2 K. x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 17  x2 − 4x − 1 = 0 n‡j Ñ
cÖk- 1
L. x2 + 2
x
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1
K. †`LvI †h, x − x = 4 2 x6 + 1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x3 = 18 3 4
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, x4 + 4 = 322
x
4 DËi : K. 3 + 2; L. 10
1
1 œ 22  x − x = 2
cÖk-
M. x5 − x5 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1
DËi : M. 1364 K. x2 + x2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 18  x = 19, y = −12 n‡j,
cÖk- 1
L. x4 + x4 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K. (x + y)(x2 − xy + y2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 1
L. 8x3 + 36x2y + 54xy2 + 27y3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 M. †`LvI †h, x3 + x3 = 10 2 4
M. mij Ki : (2x + 3y − 4z) + (2x − 3y + 4z) + 12x
3 3 DËi : K. 6; L. 34
{4x2 − (3y − 4z)2} 4 œ 23  (a + b)3 − 3ab(a + b) − 2b3 = 513 Ges a − b = 3
cÖk-
DËi : K. 5131; L. 8; M. 64x 3 K. cÖgvY Ki †h, a3 − b3 = 513 2
œ 19  a − b = 5, ab = 36 n‡j,
cÖk- L. ab Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †`LvI †h, 57(a2 + b2) = 13(a3 − b3) 4
K. a + b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
DËi : L. 54
L. a − b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
3 3 4
œ 24  x2 − 2 30 − 11 = 0; x  0
cÖk-
M. a6 − b6 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 K. x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
DËi : K. 13; L. 665; M. 527345 1
L. †`LvI †h, + x3 = 42 6
x3 4
œ 20  x + y = 5 Ges xy = 4 n‡j,
cÖk- 1 1
K. x − y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| [†hLv‡b x  y] 2
M. (x2 + 2
x )( x )
x3 − 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
L. x3 − y3 + 8(x2 − y2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. 6 + 5; L. 1012 5
M. †`LvI †h, 3x3 + 3y3 − 2x2 − 3xy − 2y2 = 149 4
DËi : K. 3; L. 183
A b yk xj b x 3 .3
 Drcv`‡K we‡klY
†Kv‡bv ivwk `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ivwki ¸Yd‡ji mgvb n‡j, †k‡lv³ ivwk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ ivwki Drcv`K ev ¸YbxqK ejv nq|
†Kv‡bv exRMvwYwZK ivwki m¤¢ve¨ Drcv`K¸‡jv wbY©q Kivi ci ivwkwU‡K jä Drcv`K¸‡jvi ¸Ydjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv‡K Drcv`‡K
we‡kølY ejv nq|
exRMvwYwZK ivwk¸‡jv GK ev GKvwaK c`wewkó n‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ D³ ivwki Drcv`K¸‡jvI GK ev GKvwaK c`wewkó n‡Z cv‡i|
 Drcv`K wbY©‡qi KwZcq †KŠkj :
(K) †Kv‡bv eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡` mvaviY Drcv`K _vK‡j Zv cÖ_g †ei K‡i wb‡Z nq| †hgb:
(i) 3a2b + 6ab2 + 12a2b2 = 3ab(a + 2b + 4ab) (ii) 2ab(x − y) + 2bc(x − y) + 3ca(x − y) = (x − y)(2ab + 2bc + 3ca)
(L) GKwU ivwk‡K c~Y©eM© AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i|
†hgb : 4x2 + 12x + 9 = (2x)2 + 2  2x  3 + (3)2 = (2x + 3)2 = (2x + 3) (2x + 3)
(M) GKwU ivwk‡K `yBwU e‡M©i AšÍiiƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i Ges a2 − b2 = (a + b) (a − b) m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i|
(N) x2 + (a + b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b) m~ÎwU eënvi K‡i|
G c×wZ‡Z x2 + px + q AvKv‡ii eûc`xq Drcv`K wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq hw` `yBwU c~Y©msL¨v a I b wbY©q Kiv hvq †hb, a + b =
p Ges ab = q nq| GRb¨ q-Gi `yBwU ¯^wPý Drcv`K wb‡Z nq hv‡ì exRMvwYwZK mgwó p nq| q  0 n‡j, a I b GKB
wPýhy³ Ges q < 0 n‡j, a I b wecixZ wPýhy³ n‡e|
(O) ax2 + bx + c AvKv‡ii eûc`xi ga¨c` wefw³KiY c×wZ‡Z : ax2 + bx + c = (rx + p)(sx + q) n‡e|
AZGe, ax2 + bx + c AvKv‡ii eûc`xi Drcv`K wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡j ac, A_©vr, x2 Gi mnM Ges x ewR©Z c‡ì ¸Ydj‡K Ggb
`yBwU Drcv`‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡ì exRMvwYwZK mgwó x Gi mnM b Gi mgvb nq|
(P) GKwU ivwk‡K c~Y© Nb AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i|
(Q) a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2)Ges a3 − b3 = (a − b) (a2 + ab + b2) m~Î `yBwU eënvi K‡i|
(R) fMœvskmnMhy³ ivwki Drcv`K : fMœvskhy³ ivwki Drcv`K¸‡jv‡K wewfbœfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
1 1
( 1)(a − 3a + 19)
†hgb, a3 + 27 = a3 + 33 = a + 3 2
1 1 1 1
Avevi, a3 + 27 = 27 (27a3 +1) = 27 {(3a)3 + (1)3} = 27 (3a + 1)(9a2 − 3a + 1)
GLv‡b, wØZxq mgvav‡b PjK-msewjZ Drcv`K¸‡jv c~Y©msL¨v mnMwewkó| GB dj‡K cÖ_g mgvav‡bi g‡Zv cÖKvk Kiv hvq :
1 1 1
27
(3a + 1)(9a2 − 3a + 1) = (3a + 1)  (9a2 − 3a + 1) =
3 9 (a + 13)(a − 3a + 19)
2

Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki (1 Ñ 43) : mgvavb : 4a2 – 12ab + 9b2 – 4c2
cÖkœ \ 1 \ a2 + ab + ac + bc = (2a)2 – 2  2a  3b + (3b)2 – 4c2
mgvavb : a2 + ab + ac + bc = (2a – 3b)2 – (2c)2
= a(a + b) + c(a + b) = (a + b)(a + c) (Ans.) = (2a – 3b + 2c)(2a – 3b – 2c) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 10 \ 9x4 – 45a2x2 + 36a4
cÖkœ \ 2 \ ab + a – b – 1 mgvavb : 9x4 – 45a2x2 + 36a4
mgvavb : ab + a – b – 1 = 9(x4 – 5a2x2 + 4a4)
= a(b + 1) – 1(b + 1) = (b + 1) (a – 1) (Ans.) = 9(x4 – 4a2x2 – a2x2 + 4a4)
= 9{x2(x2 – 4a2) – a2(x2 – 4a2)}
cÖkœ \ 3 \ (x – y)(x + y) + (x – y)(y + z) + (x – y)(z + x) = 9(x2 – 4a2)(x2 – a2)
mgvavb : (x – y)(x + y) + (x – y)(y + z) + (x – y)(z + x) = 9{(x2)2 – (2a)2}(x + a)(x – a)
= (x – y){(x + y) + (y + z) + (z + x)} = 9 (x + 2a)(x – 2a)(x + a)(x – a)
= (x – y) (x + y + y + z + z + x) = 9 (x + a)(x – a)(x + 2a)(x – 2a) (Ans.)
= (x − y) (2x + 2y + 2z) cÖkœ \ 11\ a2 + 6a + 8 – y2 + 2y
= (x – y) {2(x + y + z)}
= 2(x – y) (x + y + z) (Ans.) mgvavb : a2 + 6a + 8 – y2 + 2y
= a2 + 6a + 9 – 1 – y2 + 2y
cÖkœ \ 4 \ ab(x – y) – bc(x – y) = a2 + 6a + 9 − (1 – 2y + y2)
mgvavb : ab(x – y) – bc(x – y) = (a)2 + 2 . a . 3 + (3)2 – (12 – 2 . 1 . y + y2)
= (x – y)(ab – bc) = (x – y) {b(a – c)} = (a + 3)2 – (1 – y)2
= b(x – y)(a – c) (Ans.) = (a + 3 + 1 – y)(a + 3 – 1 + y)
= (a − y + 4)(a + y + 2) (Ans.)
cÖkœ& \ 5 \ 9x2 + 24x + 16
mgvavb : 9x2 + 24x + 16 cÖkœ \ 12 \ 16x2 – 25y2 – 8xz + 10yz
= (3x)2 + 2  3x  4 + (4)2 = (3x + 4)2 (Ans.) mgvavb : 16x2 – 25y2 – 8xz + 10yz
= (4x)2 – (5y)2 – 2z(4x – 5y)
cÖkœ \ 6 \ a4 – 27a2 + 1 = (4x – 5y) (4x + 5y) – 2z(4x – 5y)
mgvavb : a4 – 27a2 + 1 = (4x – 5y) (4x + 5y – 2z) (Ans.)
= (a2)2 – 2a21 + (1)2 – 25a2
= (a2 – 1)2 – (5a)2
cÖkœ \ 13 \ 2b2c2 + 2c2a2 + 2a2b2 – a4 – b4 – c4
= (a2 – 1 + 5a) (a2 – 1 – 5a) mgvavb : 2b2c2 + 2c2a2 + 2a2b2 – a4 – b4 – c4
= (a2 + 5a – 1) (a2 – 5a – 1) (Ans.) = 4b2c2 − 2b2c2 + 2c2a2 + 2a2b2 − a4 − b4 − c4
= 4b2c2 − (a4 + b4 + c4 + 2b2c2 − 2c2a2 − 2a2b2)
cÖkœ \ 7 \ x4 – 6x2y2 + y4 = 4b2c2 − {(b2)2 + (c2)2 + (−a2)2 + 2b2c2 + 2c2(−a2) + 2(−a2)b2}
mgvavb : x4 – 6x2y2 + y4 = (2bc)2 − (b2 + c2 − a2)2
= (x2)2 − 2  x2  y2 + (y2)2 – 4x2y2 = (2bc + b2 + c2 − a2)(2bc − b2 − c2 + a2)
= (x2 − y2)2 – (2xy)2 = (b2 + 2bc + c2 − a2){a2 − (b2 − 2bc + c2)}
= (x2 − y2 + 2xy)(x2 − y2 – 2xy) = {(b + c)2 − a2}{a2 − (b − c)2}
= (x2 + 2xy − y2) (x2 − 2xy − y2) (Ans.) = (b + c + a)(b + c − a)(a + b − c)(a − b + c)
= (a + b + c)(b + c − a)(a + b − c)(c + a − b) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 8 \ (a2 – b2) (x2 – y2) + 4abxy
mgvavb : (a2 – b2) (x2 – y2) + 4abxy cÖkœ \ 14 \ x2 + 13x + 36
= a2x2 – a2y2 – b2x2 + b2y2 + 2abxy + 2abxy mgvavb : x2 + 13x + 36
= a2x2 + 2abxy + b2y2 – a2y2 + 2abxy – b2x2 = x2 + 4x + 9x + 36
= a2x2 + 2abxy + b2y2 – (a2y2 – 2abxy + b2x2) = x(x + 4) + 9(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x + 9) (Ans.)
= {(ax)2 + 2axby + (by)2}– {(ay)2– 2aybx + (bx)2} cÖkœ \ 15 \ x4 + x2 – 20
= (ax + by)2 – (ay – bx)2 mgvavb : x4 + x2 – 20
= (ax + by + ay – bx) (ax + by – ay + bx) (Ans.) = x4 + 5x2 – 4x2 – 20 = x2(x2 + 5) – 4(x2 + 5)
= (x2 + 5)(x2 – 4)
cÖkœ& \ 9 \ 4a2 – 12ab + 9b2 – 4c2 = (x2 + 5)(x2 – 22)
= (x2 + 5) (x + 2) (x − 2) = (x + 2)(x – 2)(x2 + 5) (Ans.) = 14a2 – 35ab + 6ab – 15b2
= 7a(2a – 5b) + 3b(2a – 5b)
cÖkœ \ 16 \ a2 – 30a + 216 = (2a – 5b)(7a + 3b)
mgvavb : a2 – 30a + 216 = {2(x + z) – 5(x + 1)} {7(x + z) + 3(x + 1)}
= a2 – 18a – 12a + 216 [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= a(a – 18) – 12(a – 18) = (a – 18)(a – 12) (Ans.) = (2x + 2z – 5x – 5) (7x + 7z + 3x + 3)
= (2z − 3x − 5)(10x + 7z + 3) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 17 \ x6y6 – x3y3 – 6
mgvavb : x6y6 – x3y3 – 6 cÖkœ \ 28 \ (4a – 3b)2 – 2(4a – 3b)(a + 2b) – 35(a + 2b)2
= x6y6 – 3x3y3 + 2x3y3 – 6 = x3y3(x3y3 – 3) + 2(x3y3 – 3) mgvavb : awi, 4a – 3b = x Ges a + 2b = y
= (x3y3 − 3)( x3y3 + 2) (Ans.)  cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 – 2xy – 35y2
cÖkœ \ 18 \ a8 – a4 – 2 = x2 + 5xy – 7xy – 35y2
mgvavb : a8 – a4 – 2 = x(x + 5y) – 7y(x + 5y)
= a8 – 2a4 + a4 – 2 = (x + 5y)(x – 7y)
= a4(a4 – 2) + 1(a4 – 2) = (a4 − 2)(a4 + 1) (Ans.) = {(4a – 3b) + 5(a + 2b)}{(4a – 3b) –
7(a + 2b)} [x I y Gi gvb ewm‡q]
cÖkœ \ 19 \ a2b2 – 8ab – 105 = (4a – 3b + 5a + 10b)(4a – 3b – 7a – 14b)
mgvavb : a2b2 – 8ab – 105 = (9a + 7b)(− 3a – 17b)
= a2b2 – 15ab + 7ab – 105 = ( − 1)(9a + 7b)(3a + 17b)
= ab(ab – 15) + 7(ab – 15) = − (3a + 17b)(9a + 7b) (Ans.)
= (ab − 15) (ab + 7) = (ab + 7)(ab – 15) (Ans.) cÖkœ \ 29 \ (a – 1)x2 + a2xy + (a + 1)y2
cÖkœ \ 20 \ x2 – 37x – 650 mgvavb : awi, a − 1 = p Ges a + 1 = q
mgvavb : x2 – 37x – 650 (a − 1)(a + 1) = pq ev, a2 − 1 = pq
= x2 – 50x + 13x – 650  a2 = pq + 1
= x(x – 50) + 13(x – 50)  cÖ`Ë ivwk = px2 + (pq + 1)xy + qy2
= (x – 50)(x + 13) = (x + 13) (x – 50) (Ans.) = px2 + pqxy + xy + qy2
cÖkœ \ 21 \ 4x4 – 25x2 + 36 = px(x + qy) + y(x + qy)
mgvavb : 4x4 – 25x2 + 36 = (x + qy)(px + y)
= 4x4 – 16x2 – 9x2 + 36 = 4x2(x2 – 4) – 9(x2 – 4) ={x + (a + 1)y} {(a − 1)x + y}
= (x2 – 4)(4x2 – 9) [p I q Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (x2 – 22) {(2x)2 – 32} = (x + 2)(x – 2)(2x + 3)(2x – 3) (Ans.) = (x + ay + y)(ax − x + y) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 22 \ 12x2 – 38x + 20 cÖkœ \ 30 \ 24x4 − 3x
mgvavb : 12x2 – 38x + 20 mgvavb : 24x4 − 3x
= 12x2 – 30x – 8x + 20 = 6x(2x – 5) − 4(2x – 5) = 3x (8x3 − 1) = 3x{(2x)3 − 1}
= (2x – 5)(6x – 4) = 3x{(2x − 1){(2x)2 + 2x.1 + (1)2}
= (2x – 5) {2(3x – 2)} = 2(2x − 5)(3x − 2) (Ans.) = 3x(2x − 1)(4x2 + 2x + 1) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 23 \ 9x2y2 – 5xy2 – 14y2 cÖkœ \ 31 \ (a2 + b2)3 + 8a3b3
mgvavb : 9x2y2 – 5xy2 – 14y2 mgvavb : (a2 + b2)3 + 8a3b3
= y2(9x2 – 5x – 14) = y2(9x2 + 9x – 14x– 14) 3 3
= y2 {(9x(x + 1) – 14(x + 1)} = (a2 + b2) + (2ab)
= y2(x + 1)(9x – 14) = y2(x + 1)(9x – 14) (Ans.) = {(a + b ) + 2ab}{(a2 + b2)2 − (a2 + b2).2ab + (2ab)2}
2 2
cÖkœ \ 24 \ 4x4 – 27x2 – 81 = (a2 + b2 + 2ab){(a2)2 + 2.a2.b2 + (b2)2 − 2a3b − 2ab3 + 4a2b2}
mgvavb : 4x4 – 27x2 – 81 = (a + b)2(a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 − 2a3b − 2ab3 + 4a2b2)
= (a + b)2(a4 – 2a3b + 6a2b2 − 2ab3 + b4) (Ans.)
= 4x4 – 36x2 + 9x2 – 81 = 4x2(x2 – 9) + 9(x2 − 9)
= (x2 – 9)(4x2 + 9) cÖkœ& \ 32 \ x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 2
= (x2 – 32)(4x2 + 9) = (x + 3)(x – 3)(4x2 + 9) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 25 \ ax2 + (a2 + 1)x + a mgvavb : x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 2
= (x)3 + 3x21 + 3x12 + (1)3 + 1
mgvavb : ax2 + (a2 + 1)x + a = (x + 1)3 + 1
= ax2 + a2x + x + a = (x + 1)3 + (1)3
= ax(x + a) + 1(x + a) = (x + a)(ax + 1) (Ans.) = {(x + 1) + 1}{(x + 1)2 − (x + 1).1 + (1)2}
cÖkœ \ 26 \ 3(a2 + 2a)2 – 22(a2 + 2a) + 40 = (x + 1 + 1)(x2 + 2x + 1 − x − 1 + 1)
mgvavb : awi, a2 + 2a = x = (x + 2)(x2 + x + 1) (Ans.)
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = 3x2 – 22x + 40
cÖkœ \ 33 \ a3 – 6a2 + 12a − 9
= 3x2 – 12x – 10x + 40 mgvavb : a3 – 6a2 + 12a − 9
= 3x(x – 4) – 10(x – 4) = (a)3 − 3(a)22 + 3a(2)2 − (2)3 − 1
= (x – 4)(3x – 10) = (a − 2)3 − 1 = (a − 2)3 − (1)3
= {(a2 + 2a) – 4}{3(a2 + 2a) – 10} = {(a − 2) − 1}{(a − 2)2 + (a − 2).1 + (1)2}
[x Gi gvb ewm‡q) = (a − 2 − 1)(a2 − 2a2 + 22 + a − 2 + 1)
= (a2 + 2a – 4)(3a2 + 6a – 10) (Ans.) = (a − 3)(a2 − 4a + 4 + a − 2 + 1)
= (a − 3)(a2 − 3a + 3) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 27 \ 14(x + z)2 – 29(x + z)(x + 1) – 15(x + 1)2
mgvavb : awi, x + z = a Ges x + 1 = b cÖkœ \ 34 \ a3 – 9b3 + (a + b)3
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = 14a2 – 29ab – 15b2 mgvavb : a3 – 9b3 + (a + b)3
= a3 – b3 + (a + b)3 – 8b3
= (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2) + (a + b)3 − (2b)3
= (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) + (a + b – 2b)
= (2a − 2a1 ) + 4a − 1a = (2a − 2a1 ) + 2(2a − 2a1 )
2 2
1 1
{(a + b)2 + (a + b)2b + (2b)2} = (2a − ) (2a − + 2) (Ans.)
2a 2a
= (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) + (a – b)
(a2 + 2ab + b2 + 2ab + 2b2 + 4b2) cÖkœ \ 40 \ (3a + 1)3 − (2a − 3)3
= (a – b) (a + ab + b ) + (a – b) (a2 + 4ab + 7b2)
2 2
mgvavb : awi, 3a + 1 = p Ges 2a − 3 = q
= (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2 + a2 + 4ab + 7b2)
= (a – b) (2a2 + 5ab + 8b2) (Ans.)  cÖ`Ë ivwk = p3 – q3 = (p − q)(p2 + pq + q2)
cÖkœ \ 35 \ 8x3 + 12x2 + 6x − 63 = {(3a + 1) − (2a − 3)} {(3a + 1)2 +
mgvavb : 8x3 + 12x2 + 6x − 63 (3a + 1) (2a − 3) + (2a − 3)2}
[p I q Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (2x)3 + 3(2x)21 + 32x(1)2 + (1)3 − 1 − 63
3 3
= (2x + 1) − 64 = (2x + 1) − (4)
3 = (3a + 1 − 2a + 3){((3a)2 + 23a1 +
2 2
= {(2x + 1) − 4}{(2x + 1) + (2x + 1)  4 + (4) } (1)2 + 6a2 − 9a + 2a − 3 + (2a)2 −
= (2x + 1 − 4){(2x) + 22x1 + (1) + 8x + 4 + 16)}
2 2 22a3 + (3)2}
= (2x − 3)(4x2 + 4x + 1 + 8x + 20) = (a + 4){9a + 6a + 1 + 6a − 7a − 3 + 4a2 −
2 2
= (2x − 3)(4x2 + 12x + 21) (Ans.) 12a + 9}

b3 = (a + 4) (19a2 − 13a + 7) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 36 \ 8a3 + 27
3 cÖkœ \ 41 \ (x + 5)(x − 9) − 15
b3 b
mgvavb : 8a3 +
27
= (2a)3 + () 3
mgvavb : (x + 5)(x − 9) − 15
= x2 + (5 – 9)x + 5.(−9) − 15
b  b b 2
( )
= 2a +
3 
(2a)2 − 2a. +
3 3  () = x2 − 4x − 45 − 15 = x2 − 4x − 60
= x2 − 10x + 6x − 60 = x(x − 10) + 6(x − 10)
b 2ab b2 = (x − 10)(x + 6) = (x + 6)(x − 10) (Ans.)
( )(
= 2a +
3
4a2 −
3
+
9 ) cÖkœ \ 42 \ (x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 5) − 48
1 1
= (6a + b)  (36a2 − 6ab + b2) mgvavb : (x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 5) − 48
3 9
1 = (x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 2)(x + 5) − 48
= (6a + b)(36a2 – 6ab + b2) (Ans.)
27 = (x2 + 7x + 12)(x2 + 7x + 10) − 48
cÖkœ \ 37 \ a3 − 8
1 awi, x2 + 7x = a
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = (a + 12)(a + 10) − 48
1 1 = a2 + (12 + 10)a + 12.10 − 48
mgvavb : a3 − = a3 −
8 () 2
3
= a2 + 22a + 120 − 48
1  1 1  2
= a2 + 22a + 72
= (a − ) (a) + a . + ( )  2
2  2 2  = a2 + 4a + 18a + 72
1 1 1 = a(a + 4) + 18(a + 4)
= (a − ) (a + a + ) 2
= (a + 4)(a + 18)
2 2 4
1 1 = (x2 + 7x + 4)(x2 + 7x + 18) [a Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= (2a − 1) . (4a2 + 2a + 1) (Ans.)
2 4
1 cÖkœ \ 43 \ (x − 1)(x − 3)(x − 5)(x − 7) − 65
= (2a − 1)(4a2 + 2a + 1) (Ans.)
8 mgvavb : (x − 1)(x − 3)(x − 5)(x − 7) − 65
a6 = (x − 1)(x − 7)(x − 3)(x − 5) − 65
cÖkœ \ 38 \ 27 − b6 = (x2 − 8x + 7)(x2 − 8x + 15) − 65
a6 2 3 awi, x2 − 8x = a
mgvavb : 27 − b6 = 3 (a ) − (b ) 2 3
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = (a + 7)(a + 15) − 65
a 2
 a a  2 2 2 = a2 + (7 + 15)a + 7.15 − 65
= ( − b ) ( ) + . b + (b ) 
2 2 2 2
3  3 3  = a2 + 22a +105 − 65 = a2 + 22a + 40
a 2 a ab 4 2 2 = a2 + 20a + 2a + 40
=( −b )( + 2 + b ) (Ans.) 4
= a(a + 20) + 2(a + 20)
3 9 3
1 1 = (a + 20)(a + 2)
cÖkœ \ 39 \ 4a2 + 4a2 − 2 + 4a − a = (x2 − 8x + 20)(x2 − 8x + 2) [a Gi gvb ewm‡q]
1 1 (Ans.)
mgvavb : 4a2 + 4a2 − 2 + 4a − a
1 1 2 1
cÖkœ \ 44 \ †`LvI †h, x3 + 9x2 + 26x + 24 = (x + 2) (x + 3)(x + 4)
= (2a)2 − 22a +
2a () 2a
+ 4a −
a mgvavb : evgc¶ = x3 + 9x2 + 26x + 24
= (x)3 + 3(x)23 + 3x(3)2 + (3)3 − x − 3
= (x + 3)3 − x − 3 = (x + 3)3 − 1(x + 3) mgvavb : evgc¶ : = (x + 1)(x + 2)(3x − 1)(3x − 4)
= (x + 3){(x + 3)2 − (1)2} = (x + 1)(3x − 1)(x + 2)(3x − 4)
= (x + 3)(x + 3 + 1)(x + 3 − 1) = (3x2 + 3x − x − 1) (3x2 + 6x − 4x − 8)
= (x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 2) = (3x2 + 2x − 1)(3x2 + 2x − 8) = Wvbc¶
= (x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) = Wvbc¶
 (x + 1)(x + 2)(3x − 1)(3x − 4) = ( 3x2 + 2x − 1)
 x3 + 9x2 + 26x + 24 = (x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) (3x2 + 2x − 8) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cÖkœ \ 45 \ †`LvI †h, (x + 1)(x + 2)(3x − 1)(3x − 4) = (3x2 + 2x − 1)

(3x2 + 2x − 8)

1. a2 − 5a − 6 ivwkwUi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU? 7. x2 − 5x + 6 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU?
K (a − 3) (a + 2) L (− a − 3) (a + 2) K (x + 2) (x + 3)  (x − 3) (x − 2)
 (a − 6) (a + 1) N (a + 6) (a − 1) M (x + 2) (x − 3) N (x + 5) (x + 1)
2. a2 − 1 + 2b − b2 Gi Drcv`K KZ? 8. a2 − 19a − 20 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY †KvbwU?
K (a + b + 1) (a − b + 1) L (a + b + 1) (a + b − 1)
 (a + 1) (a − 20) L (a + 4) (a − 5)
M (a + b + 1) (a + b + 2)  (a + b − 1) (a − b + 1)
M (a + 5) (a − 4) N (a − 1) (a + 20)
3. m8 + m4 − 2 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU?
9. x2 − y2 + 2yz − z2 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY iƒc †KvbwU?
K m4 − 2 L m3 − 1 M m2 + 2  m+1
 (x + y − z), (x − y + z) L (x + y + z), (x − y − z)
4. y2 + 5y − 6 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU?
M (x + y + z), (x − y − z) N (x + y + z), (x − y + z)
K (y + 3) (y − 2) L (y − 3) (y + 2)
 (y + 6) (y − 1) N (y − 6) (y + 1) 10. f(x) = x2 − 3x + 2 n‡j Gi Drcv`K−
5. x2 − x − 42 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU? i. x − 3 ii. x − 2
 (x + 6) (x − 7) L (x − 6) (x − 7) iii. x − 1
M (x + 6) (x + 7) N (x + 6) (x + 7) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
6. x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6 ivwk‡Z x Gi gvb KZ n‡j, ivwkwUi gvb K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
k~b¨ n‡e?
K3  −2 M1 N2

e¨vL¨v : x2 − 5x + 6 = x2 − 3x − 2x + 6 = x(x − 3) −2(x − 3)
34 : Drcv`‡K we‡kølY = (x − 3)(x − 2)
17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU t2 – 7t – 18 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K (t – 1) L (t + 3)  (t – 9) N (t + 6)
e¨vL¨v : t2 − 7t − 18 = t2 − 9t + 2t − 18
11. †Kv‡bv ivwk `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ivwki ¸Yd‡ji mgvb n‡j, †k‡lv³ = t(t − 9) + 2(t − 9) = (t − 9)(t + 2)
ivwk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ ivwki Kx ejv nq? (mnR) 18. wb‡Pi †KvbwU x4 + 5x2 + 4 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
 Drcv`K L ¸wYZK M jmv¸. N wØc`x K (x2 + 2) L (x2 + 3) M (x2 – 2)  (x2 + 4)
12. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ax + ay + by + bx Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : x4 + 5x2 + 4 = x4 + 4x2 + x2 + 4
2 2 2 2 2
 x+y L ax M ax + ay N x+y+3 = x (x + 4) + 1(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x + 1)
e¨vL¨v : ax + ay + by + bx = a(x + y) + b(x + y) 19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 4a2 + 11a + 6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
= (x + y)(a + b) K (4a + 2)  (a + 2) M (a + 4) N (4a – 3)
13. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ab + a – 1 – b Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kwlZ iƒc? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : 4a2 + 11a + 6 = 4a2 + 8a + 3a + 6
 (a – 1) (b + 1) L (b – 1) (a – 1) = 4a(a + 2) + 3(a + 2) = (a + 2)(4a + 3)
M (a – b) N (a – 1) 20. 9x2 − 30xy + 25y2 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 12x2 – 5x – 17 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)  (3x − 5y) L (3x + 5y) M (5x − 3y) N (5x + 3y)
 (x + 1) L (x – 2) M (x + 3) N (x – 5) e¨vL¨v : 9x2 − 30xy + 25y2 = (3x)2 − 23x5y + (5y)2
e¨vL¨v : 12x2 − 5x − 17 = 12x2 + 12x − 17x − 17 = (3x − 5y)2 = (3x − 5y)(3x − 5y)
= 12x(x + 1) − 17(x + 1) = (x + 1)(12x − 17) 21. a4 + a2 + 25 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
15. 4x2 + 12x + 9 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)  (a2 – 3a + 5) L (a + 2)
K (2x − 3) L (3x + 2)  (2x + 3) N (3 − 2x) M (a2 – 5a) N (a2 – 2a + 5)
e¨vL¨v : 4x2 + 12x + 9 = (2x)2 + 22x3 + (3)2 e¨vL¨v : a4 + a2 + 25 = (a2)2 − 2a25 + (5)2 − 9a2
= (2x + 3)2 = (2x + 3)(2x + 3) = (a2 + 5)2 − (3a)2 = (a2 + 5 + 3a)(a2 + 5 − 3a)
16. x2 − 5x + 6 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) = (a2 + 3a + 5)(a2 − 3a + 5)
 (x − 2)(x − 3) L (x + 3)(x − 2) 22. x2 + 13x + 36 Gi GKwU Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi
M (x + 2)(x − 3) N (x + 2)(x − 3) †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K (x − 9)(x − 4) L (x − 9)(x + 4)  (p + 1) L (2p + 8) M (p – 2) N (p – 4)
M (x + 9)(x − 4)  (x + 9)(x + 4) e¨vL¨v : 7p2 − p − 8 = 7p2 + 7p − 8p − 8 = 7p(p + 1) − 8(p + 1)
e¨vL¨v : x2 + (4 + 9)x + 4  9 = (x + 9)(x + 4) = (p + 1)(7p − 8)
Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 37. a − 64 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
6
23. a2 – 8a – 20
K (a + 2)(a + 4)  (a – 10)(a + 2)
2 2
 (a + 2) L (a + 2) M (a − 2) N (a2 + 4)
M (a + 8)(a – 2) N (a – 1) (a + 20) 38. x3 + 27 Gi GKwU Drcv`K †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : a2 − 8a − 20 = a2 − 10a + 2a − 20 K x−3  x2 − 3x + 9 M (x + 3)2 Nx+9
= a(a − 10) + 2(a − 10) = (a − 10)(a + 2) b3
39. 8a3 + 27 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
24. ax2 + (a2 + 1)x + a †K Drcv`K‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡Pi
2 3
†KvbwU n‡e?
 (x + a)(ax + 1)
(ga¨g)
L (x + a)ax2 + 1)
 (2a + 3b) (2a − 3b) (2a + b3) (2a + 3b)
L
3
M N
M (x + 1)(ax + 1) N (x + 1)(ax2 + 1) b3 2
25. x(x + 3)(x + 4)(x – 1) + 4 Gi Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) (b) ( b)(4a − 32 ab + b9)
e¨vL¨v : 8a3 + 27 = (2a)3 + 3 = 2a + 3 2
K (x2 + 2x – 1)  (x2 + 3x – 2)2 40. a3 + 5 5 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)

M (2x – 1) N (3x2 – 4)
K a2 + 5a + 25  a2 − 5a + 5
26. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 12 – x – x2 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
M a − 5 5a + 25
2 N a2 + 5 5a + 25
 (x + 4) L (x + 3) M (x – 2) N (x + 7)
e¨vL¨v : 12 − x − x2 = 12 + 3x − 4x − x2 e¨vL¨v : a + 5 5 = a + ( 5)
3 3 3
= 3(4 + x) − x(4 + x) = (x + 4)(3 − x) = (a + 5){a2 − a 5 + ( 5)2} = (a + 5)(a2 − 5a + 5)

27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 5x2 – 17xy + 6y2 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g) 41. x3 + 3 3 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K (x + 2y)  (x − 3y) M (x + 5y) N (5x + 4y) K (x + 3 ) (x – 3 )  (x + 3 ) (x2 − 3 x + 3)
28. x4 + 4 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 2
M (x + 3) (x + 3 ) N (x + 3 ) (x2 + 3 3)
K x2 + 2x − 2 L x2 − 2x − 2  x2 − 2x + 2 N x2 + x + 2 e¨vL¨v : x3 + 3 3 = x3 + ( 3)3 = (x + 3){(x2 − x 3 + ( 3)2}
e¨vL¨v : x4 + 4 = (x2)2 + 2x22 + 22 − (2x)2 = (x2 + 2)2 − (2x)2 = (x + 3)(x2 − 3x + 3)
= (x2 + 2 + 2x)(x2 + 2 − 2x) 42. wb‡Pi †KvbwU a3 – 9b3 + (a + b)3 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
29. 2x4 + 16x Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) K (a + b) L (a2 – ab + b2) (a – b) N (a – 4b)
 2x(x + 2)(x2 − 2x + 4) L 2x(x − 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) 43. 2 2 x3 + 125 Gi GKwU Drcv`K †KvbwU? (KwVb)
M 2x(x + 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) N (x + 2)(x2 − 2x + 4) K 2x + 5 L 2x + 5  2x + 5 N 2x2 + 5
30. (x − 1) − 25 Gi Drcv`K KZ?
2 (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : 2 2 x3 + 125 = ( 2x)3 + 53 = ( 2x + 5)(2x2 − 5 2 x + 25)
K (x − 4)(x + 6)  (x + 4)(x − 6)
M (x + 24)(x − 26) N (x − 24)(x + 26)
e¨vL¨v : (x − 1)2 − 25 = (x − 1)2 − 52 = (x − 1 + 5)(x − 1 − 5) = (x + 4)(x − 6)
44. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki:
31. a4 − a2 + 1- Gi Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
i. exRMvwYwZK ivwk¸‡jv GK ev GKvwaK c`wewkó n‡Z cv‡i
K (a2 − a2 1)(a2 + a − 1)  (a2 + a + 1)(a2 − a + 1) ii. GKvwaK c`wewkó ivwki Drcv`KI GKvwaK c`wewkó
M (a2 − a − 1)(a2 − a − 1) N (a2 + a + 1)(a2 + a + 1) n‡Z cv‡i|
e¨vL¨v : a4 − a2 + 1 = (a2)2 + 2a21 + 1 − a2
iii. ax2 + bx + c AvKv‡ii eûc`xi Drcv`K wbY©q Ki‡Z
= (a + 1) − a = (a + a + 1)(a − a + 1)
2 2 2 2 2
32. (x + 5)(x − 9) − 15 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU?(ga¨g) cÖ_‡g a I c Gi †hvMdj wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
K (x − 10)(x − 6)  (x − 10)(x + 6) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
M −(x − 10)(x + 6) N (x + 10)(x + 6)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : (x + 5)(x − 9) − 15 = x2 + 5x − 9x − 45 − 15 45. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
= x2 − 4x − 60 = x2 − 10x + 6x − 60 i. †Kv‡bv ivwk‡K Gi Drcv`K¸‡jvi ¸Ydjiƒ‡c cÖKvk
= x(x − 10) + 6(x − 10) = (x − 10)(x + 6) Kiv‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY e‡j
33. 5 − 4x − x2 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU? (ga¨g) ii. xz − 8z + x − 8 = (z − 1)(x + 8)
K (5 − x)(1 − x) L (5 + x)(1 + x) iii. x4 − 27x = x(x − 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
M (5 − x)(1 + x)  (5 + x)(1 − x) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : 5 − 4x − x2 = 5 − 5x + x − x2 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
= 5(1 − x) + x(1 − x) = (1 − x)(5 + x)
1
46. a2 – c2 – 2ab + b2 ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`KÑ
34. 2 x2 − 3x + 4 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) i. (a + b + c) ii. (a – b + c) iii. (a – b – c)
1 x
K (x + 2)(x − 2)
2

2 ( )
− 2 (x − 2) K i I ii  ii I iii
M i I iii N i, ii I iii
M (x − 4)(x − 2) N (x − 1)(x − 3)
1 1 1 i. x2 – x – 2 Gi Drcv`K (x + 1) (x + 2)
e¨vL¨v : 2x2 − 3x + 4 = 2(x2 − 6x + 8) = 2(x2 − 4x − 2x + 8) ii. x3 + 1 Gi Drcv`K (x + 1) (x2 – x + 1)
1 x iii. x4 + x2 + 1 Gi Drcv`K (x2 + x + 1) (x2 – x + 1)
= (x − 4)(x − 2) =
2 2 ( )
− 2 (x − 2)
35. 35 − 2x − x2 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K (5 + x) Lx−7  5−x N x2 + 7 48. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
e¨vL¨v : 35 − 2x − x2 = 35 − 7x + 5x − x2
i. (p + x) (q + x) (r + x) = pqr + (pq + qr + rp)
= 7(5 − x) + x(5 − x) = (5 − x)(7 + x)
x + (p + q + r)x2 + x3
36. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 7p2 – p – 8 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g) ii. p3 + q3 = (p + q) (p2 – pq + q2)
iii.p4 + 2p2 + 9 = (p2 + 2p + 3) (p2 – 2p + 3) e¨vL¨v : x6 − 1 = (x2)3 − 13 = (x2 − 1){(x2)2 + x21 + 12}
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) = (x + 1)(x − 1)(x4 + x2 + 1)
K i I ii M i I iii L ii I iii  i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 57 − 59 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
10 (a − 1)x2 + a2xy + (a + 1)y2 GKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
49. a2 –
3
ab + b2 ivwki Drcv`KÑ 57. a − 1 = p Ges a + 1 = q n‡j ivwkwU‡K p I q Gi gva¨‡g
cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
i. (a + 3b) ii. (a – 3b) iii. (a – 3b)  px2 + (pq + 1)xy + qy2 L px2 − (pq − 1)xy + qy2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) M px2 + (pq − 1)xy + qy2 N px2 + (pq − 1)xy − qy2
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 58. cÖ`Ë ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K (x − ay − y)(ax − x − y) L (x + ay + y)(ax − x − y)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M (x + ay − y)(ax − x − y)  (x + ay + y)(ax − x + y)
e¨vL¨v : px2 + (pq + 1)xy + qy2 = px2 + pqxy + xy + qy2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : = px(x + qy) + y(x + qy) = (x + qy)(px + y)
(3x − 7)(x + 2) = ax2 + bx + c n‡j, = {x + (a + 1)y} {(a − 1)x + y)} [ gvb ewm‡q ]
50. ab Gi gvb †KvbwU? (mnR) = (x + ay + y)(ax − x + y)
1 1 59. y = x n‡j ivwkwUi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU?(ga¨g)
K3  −3 M N− K ax2 + 2ax  ax(ax + 2x)
3 3
e¨vL¨v : a = 3, b = −1 ab = −3 M (x + ax)(x − ax) N (ax + y)(x + y)
51. wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mZ¨? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 60 − 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K a=b L ab = 3  ac = −42 N ac = 42 a6− 64, a3 −
1
Ges x2 + x − 20 wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk
e¨vL¨v : a = 3, c = −14  ac = − 42 8
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 I 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 60. a6 − 64 Gi GKwU Drcv`KÑ (ga¨g)
ay + a − y − 2y − 1 GKwU ivwk|
2  (a + 2) L (a + 5) M (a + 4) N (a + 8)
e¨vL¨v : a6 − 64 = (a3)2 − (8)2 = (a3 + 8)(a3 − 8) = (a3 + 23)(a3 − 23)
52. y2 + 2y + 1 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j nq− (mnR) = (a + 2)(a2 − 2a + 4)(a − 2)(a2 + 2a + 4)
K y+1 L y2 + 1 M y2 − 1  (y + 1)2 = (a + 2)(a − 2)(a2 − a + 4)(a2 + a + 4)
53. cÖ`Ë ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡kølY †KvbwU? (mnR) 61. wØZxq ivwki GKwU Drcv`KÑ (ga¨g)
K (y − 1)(y − a − 1)  (y + 1)(a − y − 1) 1 1
M (y + 1)(y − a − 1) N (y − 1)(a − y − 1) K (a −1) L (2a −1) ( ) ( )  a−
2
N a+
2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 54 − 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1 1 3
1 1 1 2
x3 – x, x5 – x2 Ges x6 – 1 wZbwU exRMwYZxq ivwk| ( ) ( ){

e¨vL¨v : a3 − 8 = a3 − 2 ( )}
= a−
2
a2 + a. +
2 2
54. wb‡Pi †KvbwU x3 – x Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (mnR)
K x2  (x + 1) M (x + 2) N (x − 2)
= (a − 21)( 2
a + +
a 1
2 4 )
e¨vL¨v : x3 − x = x(x2 − 1) = x(x + 1)(x − 1) 62. Z…Zxq ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
55. wb‡Pi †KvbwU (x5 – x2) Gi Drcv`K? (mnR) K (x +4) (x + 5)  (x + 5) (x − 4)
K (x + 1)  (x – 1) M (x – 2) N x3 M (x + 8)(x + 2) N (x − 2)(x − 8)
56. wb‡Pi †KvbwU (x6 – 1) Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : x2 + x − 20 = x2 − 4x + 5x − 2
 (x4 + x2 + 1) L (x3 – 1) = x(x − 4) + 5(x − 4) = (x − 4)(x + 5)
M (x2 + x + 1) N (x4 – x2 + 1)

63. y4 − 4y + 3 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU? K (y + 1)(x + 1) L (y −1)(x + 1)
K (y − 1)(y3 + y2 + y − 3) L (y + 1)(y3 + y2 + y − 3)  (x − 1)(y + 1) N (x + 1)(y + 1)
 (y − 1)2(y2 + 2y + 3) N (y + 1)(y2 + 2y − 3) 71. a2 − c2 − 2ab + b2 Gi mwVK Drcv`K †KvbwU?
64. 3a3 + 2a + 5 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU? K (a + b + c)(a − b + c)  (a − b − c)(a − b + c)
 a+1 La−1 M 3a + 1 N 3a − 2 M (a − b − c)(a + b − c) N (a + b + c)(a − b − c)
65. x4 + 4 Gi GKwU Drcv`K †KvbwU? 72. y2 − 2ay + (a + b)(a − b) Gi mwVK Drcv`‡K we‡kølY
K x2 + 2x − 2 L x2 − 2x − 2 M x2 − 2x  x2 + 2x + 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
66. x2 + x − 20 Gi Drcv`K †KvbwU?  (y − a + b)(y − a − b) L (y − a − b)(y + a + b)
K (x + 5)(x + 4)  (x + 5)(x − 4) M (y + a − b)(y − a − b) N (y − a + b)(y + a + b)
M (x − 5)(x + 4) N (x + 5)(x − 2) 73. x2 + x − 56 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
67. Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki : ab + a − b − 1 n‡e?
K (b + 1)(a + 1)  (b + 1)(a − 1)  (x − 7)(x + 8) L (x − 7)(x − 8)
M (b − 1)(a + 1) N (b − 1)(a − 1) M (x + 7)(x + 8) N (x − 7)(x + 9)
68. 2x2 − 5x + 3 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY †KvbwU? 74. i. x2 − 5x − 6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x − 6)
K (2x − 3)(x + 1) L (2x + 3)(x + 1)
ii. x3 − 7xy2 − 6y3 Gi GKwU Drcv`K (x − y)
 (2x − 3)(x − 1) N (x − 3)(2x − 1)
69. a3 + a2 + 1 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU? iii. a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 Gi GKwU Drcv`K a
K (a + 1)(a + 1) L (a + 1)2(a + 1) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M (a + 1)2(a + 1)2  (a + 1)(a2 + 1) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
70. xy − y + x − 1 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
75. 2x4 + 16x ivwkwUi Drcv`K¸‡jv n‡jv − 76. 2m4 + 16m ivwki Drcv`K n‡jv−
i. 2x ii. x + 2 iii. x2 + 4x + 4 i. 2m ii. m + 2 iii. (m2 + 2m + 4)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

œ 1  x2 − 2xy − 4y − 4 I 12x2 + 17x + 6 `yBwU exRMwYZxq
cÖk- = x2 − 2xy − 4y − 4
ivwk| = x2 − 4 − 2xy − 4y
K. Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kx? 2 = x2 − (2)2 − 2y(x + 2)
L. cÖ_g ivwk‡K `yBwU ivwki ¸Ydj AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 4 = (x + 2)(x − 2) −2y(x + 2)
M. wØZxq ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = (x + 2)(x − 2 − 2y) (Ans.)
M. wØZxq ivwk = 12x2 + 17x + 6
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 12x2 + 8x + 9x + 6
K. †Kv‡bv exRMvwYwZK ivwki m¤¢ve¨ Drcv`K¸‡jv wbY©q Kivi ci = 4x(3x + 2) + 3(3x + 2)
ivwkwU‡K jä Drcv`K¸‡jvi ¸Ydjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv‡K = (3x + 2)(4x + 3) (Ans.)
Drcv`‡K we‡kølY ejv nq|
L. cÖ`Ë cÖ_g ivwk

œ 2  x6 – 64, x3 + 8, 4x2 + 11x + 16 wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk- = a2 + 22a + 120 − 48 = a2 + 22a + 72
K. wØZxq ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 = a2 + 18a + 4a + 72 = a(a + 18) + 4(a + 18)
= (a + 18) (a + 4)
L. cÖ_g ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
= (x2 + 7x + 18) (x2 + 8x + 4) [a Gi gvb ewm‡q] (Ans.)
M. cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq ivwki ga¨Kvi mvaviY
Drcv`K KZ? 4 M. (x + 5) (x − 9) −15
= x2 + 5x − 9x − 45 − 15
= x2 − 4x − 60 = x2 −10x + 6x − 60
K. cÖ_g ivwk = x3 + 8 = x3 + 23 = (x + 2) (x2 + 2x + 4) Ans. = x(x −10) + 6(x − 10) = (x − 10) (x + 6) (Ans.)
L. wØZxq ivwk = x6 – 64 = (a3)2 – (8)2 œ 4  a2 − 1 + 2b − b2, a4 + 64b4 `yBwU exRMwYZxq ivwk
cÖk-
= (x3 + 8) (x3 – 8) = (x3 + 23) (x3 – 23)
K. Drcv`K Kv‡K e‡j? 2
= (x + 2) (x2 – 2x + 4) × (x – 2) (x2 + 2x + 4)
= (x + 2) (x – 2) (x2 + 2x + 4) (x2 – 2x + 4) (Ans.)
L. 1g ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. 2q ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x3 + 8 = (x + 2) (x2 + 2x + 4)
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x6 – 64 = (x + 2) (x – 2) (x2 + 2x + 4) (x2 – 2x + 4)  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
GLb, Z…Zxq ivwk = 4x2 + 11x + 6 = 4x2 + 8x + 3x + 6 K. †Kv‡bv ivwk `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ivwki ¸Yd‡ji mgvb n‡j,
= 4x (x + 2) + 3(x + 2) †k‡lv³ ivwk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ ivwki Drcv`K e‡j|
= (x + 2) (4x + 3) L. 1g ivwk = a2 − 1 + 2b − b2= a2 − (b2 − 2b + 1)
cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv = a2 − (b − 1)2 = { a + (b − 1)} { a − ( b − 1)}
hvq †h, G‡ì mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 2) (Ans.) = ( a + b − 1) ( a − b + 1) (Ans.)
œ 3  (x + 2) (x + 3) (x + 4) (x + 5), (x + 5) (x − 9) −15 M. 2q ivwk = 2 2
cÖk- a4 + 64b4 = (a2) + (8b2)
2 2
K. cÖ_g ivwkwU‡K 2wU ivwki ¸Ydj AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 = (a2) + 2.a2.8b2 + (8b2) − 16a2b2
2 2
L. cÖ_g ivwki mv‡_ −48 †hvM K‡i Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = (a2 + 8b2) − (4ab)
M. wØZxq ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = (a + 8b + 4ab) (a2 + 8b2 − 4ab)
2 2
2 2= (a + 4ab + 8b ) (a − 4ab + 8b ) (Ans.)
2 2
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 5  a2 − c2 − 2ab + b2, x2 − 5x − 24 Ges 4x2 + 5x − 6
cÖk-
K. cÖ_g ivwk = (x + 2) (x + 3) ( x + 4) (x + 5) wZbwU exRMwYZxq ivwk|
= (x2 + 2x + 3x + 6) (x2 + 4x + 5x + 20) K. cÖ_g ivwkwU Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2
= (x2 + 5x + 6) (x2 + 9x + 20) (Ans.) L. wØZxq ivwkwUi gvb 0 (k~b¨) n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? 4
L. cÖ_g ivwki mv‡_ (−48) †hvM K‡i cvB, M. Z…Zxq ivwkwU Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges `yBwU
(x + 2) (x + 3)(x + 4) (x + 5) − 48
e‡M©i we‡qvMdj iƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 4
= (x + 2) (x + 5) (x + 3) (x + 4) − 48  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= (x2 + 7x + 10) (x2 + 7x + 12) − 48
= (a + 10) (a + 12) − 48 [x2 + 7x = a a‡i]
K. cÖ_g ivwk = a2 − c2 − 2ab + b2 = x(4x − 3) + 2(4x − 3) = (4x − 3)(x + 2)
= − 2ab + b2 − c2 = (a − b)2 − c2
a2 GLb, 4x2 + 5x − 6 = (4x − 3)(x + 2)
= (a − b + c)(a − b − c) (Ans.) (4x − 3) + (x + 2) (4x − 3) − (x − 2)
2 2
L. wØZxq ivwk = x2 − 5x − 24 =  − 
 2   2 
cÖkœg‡Z, x2 − 5x − 24 = 0 − − − −
=  − 
4x 3 + x + 2 2 4x 3 x 2 2
ev, x2 + 3x − 8x − 24 = 0  2   2 
ev, x(x + 3) − 8(x + 3) = 0
− −
=   
5x 1 2 3x 5 2
ev, (x + 3)(x − 8) = 0
nq, x + 3 = 0 A_ev, x − 8 = 0  2  − 2 
5x − 12 3x − 52
 x = −3 x=8  4x2 + 5x − 6 = 
wb‡Y©q gvb : x = −3, 8  2  −  2  (Ans.)
M. Z…Zxq ivwk = 4x2 + 5x − 6 = 4x2 − 3x + 8x − 6

œ 6  8x2 + 2xy − 15y2; 16x2 − 25y2 `yBwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk- œ 7  (a − 1) x2 + a2xy + (a + 1)y2 ivwk‡Z a − 1 = p Ges a + 1 = q n‡j−
cÖk-
K. 2q ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 K. ivwkwU‡Z a2 Gi gvbwU p I q Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. †`LvI †h, ivwk `yBwUi mvaviY Drcv`K (4x − 5y) 4 L. ivwkwUi Drcv`K wbY©q Ki| 4
M. 1g ivwk‡K `yBwU ivwki e‡M©i we‡qvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 4 M. x2 + 2xy − y2pq ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki Ges †`LvI †h,
DËi : K. (4x + 5y)(4x − 5y); M. (3x − y)2 − (4y − x)2 DÏxcK I cÖ`Ë ivwk `yBwUi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + y + ay) 4
DËi : K. pq + 1; L. (x + ay + y)(ax − x + y); M. (x + y + ay) (x + y − ay)
A b yk xj b x 3 .4

 fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ (Remainder Theorem) :
Avgiv Rvwb, fvR¨ = fvRK  fvMdj + fvM‡kl
hw` Avgiv fvR¨‡K (x), fvMdj‡K h(x),fvM‡kl‡K r I fvRK‡K (x − a) Øviv m~wPZ Kwi, Zvn‡j Dc‡ii m~Î †_‡K cvB,
(x) = (x − a)h(x) + r GB m~ÎwU a Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨|
AZGe, (x) †K (x − a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq ƒ(a) GB m~Î fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ (Remainder theorem) bv‡g cwiwPZ| A_©vr,
abvZ¥K gvÎvi †Kv‡bv eûc`x ƒ(x) †K (x − a) AvKv‡ii eûc`x Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e Zv fvM bv K‡i †ei Kivi m~ÎB
n‡jv fvM‡kl Dccv`¨| fvRK eûc`x (x − a) Gi gvÎv 1|
cÖwZÁv : hw` (x) Gi gvÎv abvZ¥K nq Ges a  0 nq, Z‡e (x) †K (ax + b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq  − a ( b)
Abywm×všÍ : (x − a), (x) Gi Drcv`K n‡e, hw` Ges †Kej hw` (a) = 0 nq|
†Kv‡bv eûc`x (x), (x − a) Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` (a) = 0 nq| GB m~Î Drcv`K Dccv`¨ (Factor theorem) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Abywm×všÍ : ax + b, a  0 n‡j, ivwkwU †Kv‡bv eûc`x (x) Gi Drcv`K n‡e, hw` Ges †Kej hw`  − a = 0 nq| ( b)

Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki : cÖkœ \ 1 \ 6x2 − 7x + 1
mgvavb : awi, (x) = 6x2 − 7x + 1  x − (−1) ev, (x + 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
 (1) = 6(1)2 − 71 + 1 GLb, x3 + 2x2 − 5x − 6
= 61 − 7 + 1 = 6 − 7 + 1 = 7 − 7 = 0 = x3 + x2 + x2 + x − 6x − 6
 (x − 1) (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = x2(x + 1) + x(x + 1) − 6(x + 1)
GLb, 6x2 − 7x + 1 = 6x2 − 6x − x + 1 = (x + 1)(x2 + x − 6)
= 6x (x − 1) − 1(x − 1) = (x − 1) (6x − 1) = (x + 1)(x2 + 3x − 2x − 6)
= (6x − 1)(x − 1) (Ans.) = (x + 1){x(x + 3) − 2(x + 3)}
= (x + 1)(x + 3)(x − 2)
cÖkœ \ 2 \ 3a3 + 2a + 5 = (x − 2)(x + 1)(x + 3) (Ans.)
mgvavb : awi, (a) = 3a3 + 2a + 5 cÖkœ \ 8 \ x3 + 4x2 + x − 6
 (−1) = 3(−1)3 + 2(−1) + 5 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, (x) = x3 + 4x2 + x − 6
=−3−2+5=−5+5=0
 (1) = (1)3 + 4(1)2 + (1) − 6
 (a + 1), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
=1+4+1−6=6−6=0
GLb, 3a3 + 2a + 5  (x − 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= 3a3 + 3a2 − 3a2 − 3a + 5a + 5 GLb, x3 + 4x2 + x − 6
= 3a2(a + 1) − 3a(a + 1) + 5(a + 1) = x3 − x2 + 5x2 − 5x + 6x − 6
= (a + 1)(3a2 − 3a + 5) (Ans.) = x2(x − 1) + 5x(x − 1) + 6(x − 1)
cÖkœ \ 3 \ x − 7xy2 − 6y3
3
= (x − 1)(x2 + 5x + 6)
mgvavb : GLv‡b, x †K PjK Ges y †K aª“eK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kwi| = (x − 1)(x2 + 3x + 2x + 6)
cÖ`Ë ivwk‡K x-Gi eûc`x we‡ePbv K‡i = (x − 1){x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3)}
awi, (x) = x3 − 7xy2 − 6y3 = (x − 1)(x + 3)(x + 2)
 (−y) = (−y)3 − 7(−y)y2 − 6y3 = (x − 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) (Ans.)
= − y3 + 7y3 − 6y3 = 0 cÖkœ \ 9 \ a3 + 3a + 36
 x − (−y) ev, (x + y), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, f(a) = a3 + 3a + 36
GLb, x3 − 7xy2 − 6y3 f(− 3) = ( – 3)3 + 3 (– 3) + 36
= x3 + x2y − x2y − xy2 − 6xy2 − 6y3 = – 27 – 9 + 36 = 36 – 36 = 0
= x2(x + y) − xy(x + y) − 6y2(x + y)  a – (– 3) ev, (a + 3), f(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= (x + y)(x2 − xy − 6y2) GLb, a3 + 3a + 36
= (x + y)(x2 − 3xy + 2xy − 6y2) = a3 + 3a2 – 3a2 – 9a + 12a + 36
= (x + y){x(x − 3y) + 2y(x − 3y)} = a2(a + 3) – 3a(a + 3) + 12(a + 3)
= (x + y)(x − 3y)(x + 2y) (Ans.) = (a + 3) (a2 – 3a + 12) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 4 \ x2 − 5x – 6 cÖkœ \ 10 \ a4 − 4a + 3
mgvavb : awi, (x)= x2 − 5x − 6 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, f(a) = a4 – 4a + 3
(−1) = (−1)2 − 5(−1) − 6  f(1) = (1)4 – 4.1 + 3 = 1 – 4 + 3 = 4 – 4 = 0
 (a – 1), f(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
=1+5−6=6−6=0
 x − (−1) ev, (x + 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| GLb, a4 – 4a + 3
= a4 – a3 + a3 – a2 + a2 – a – 3a + 3
GLb, x2 − 5x – 6 = a3(a – 1) + a2(a – 1) + a(a – 1) – 3 (a – 1)
= x2 + x − 6x − 6 = x(x + 1) − 6(x + 1) = (a – 1) (a3 + a2 + a – 3)
= (x + 1)(x − 6) = (x − 6)(x + 1) (Ans.) = (a – 1) (a3 – a2 + 2a2 – 2a + 3a – 3)
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 2x2 − x − 3 = (a – 1) {a2(a – 1) + 2a (a – 1) + 3 (a – 1)}
mgvavb : awi, (x) = 2x2 − x − 3 = (a – 1) (a – 1) (a2 + 2a + 3)
= (a – 1)2 (a2 + 2a + 3) (Ans.)
 (−1) = 2(−1)2 − (−1) − 3 = 2 + 1 − 3 = 3 − 3 = 0
{x − (−1)} ev, (x + 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| cÖkœ \ 11 \ a3 − a2 − 10a − 8
GLb, 2x2 − x − 3 = 2x2 + 2x − 3x − 3 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, (a) = a3 − a2 − 10a − 8
= 2x(x + 1) − 3(x + 1) = (x + 1)(2x − 3) (−1) = (−1)3 − (−1)2 − 10(−1) − 8
= (2x − 3)(x + 1) (Ans.) = − 1 − 1 + 10 − 8
= − 10 + 10 = 0
cÖkœ \ 6 \ 3x2 − 7x − 6  a − (−1) ev, (a + 1), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
mgvavb : awi, (x) = 3x2 − 7x − 6 GLb, a3 − a2 − 10a − 8
 (3) = 3(3)2 − 7(3) − 6 = a3 + a2 − 2a2 − 2a − 8a − 8
= a2(a + 1) − 2a(a + 1) − 8(a + 1)
= 3  9 − 21 − 6 = 27 − 27 = 0
= (a + 1)(a2 − 2a − 8)
 (x − 3), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= (a + 1)(a2 − 4a + 2a − 8)
GLb, 3x2 − 7x − 6 = 3x2 − 9x + 2x − 6 = (a + 1){a(a − 4) + 2(a − 4)}
= 3x(x − 3) + 2(x − 3) = (x − 3)(3x + 2) (Ans.) = (a + 1)(a − 4)(a + 2) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 7 \ x3 + 2x2 − 5x − 6 cÖkœ \ 12 \ x3 − 3x2 + 4x − 4
mgvavb : awi, (x) = x3 + 2x2 − 5x − 6 mgvavb : awi, f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 4x – 4
 (−1) = (−1)3 + 2(−1)2 − 5(−1) − 6  f(2) = (2)3 – 3(2)2 + 4.2 – 4
=−1+2+5−6=7−7=0 = 8 – 12 + 8 – 4 = 16 – 16 = 0
 (x – 2), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (x + 1){4x2(x + 2) − 1(x + 2)}
GLb, x3 – 3x2 + 4x – 4 = (x + 1)(x + 2)(4x2 − 1)
= x3 – 2x2 – x2 + 2x + 2x – 4 = (x + 1)(x + 2)(2x + 1)(2x − 1)
= x2(x – 2) – x(x – 2) + 2(x – 2) = (2x − 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)(2x + 1) (Ans.)
= (x – 2)(x2 – x + 2) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 13 \ a3 − 7a2b + 7ab2 − b3 cÖkœ \ 18 \ x6 − x5 + x4 − x3 + x2 − x
mgvavb : awi, (a) = a3 − 7a2b + 7ab2 − b3 mgvavb : awi, f(x) = x6 – x5 + x4 – x3 + x2 – x
 (b) = (b)3 − 7(b)2b + 7(b)b2 − b3  f(1) = (1)6 – (1)5 + (1)4 – (1)3 + (1)2 – 1
= b3 − 7b3 + 7b3 − b3 = 0 =1–1+1–1+1–1=3–3=0
 (a − b), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|  (x – 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
GLb, a3 − 7a2b + 7ab2 − b3 GLb, x6 – x5 + x4 – x3 + x2 – x
= a3 − a2b − 6a2b + 6ab2 + ab2 − b3 = x(x5 – x4 + x3 – x2 + x – 1)
= a2(a – b) − 6ab(a − b) + b2(a − b) = x{x4 (x – 1) + x2 (x – 1) + 1(x – 1)}
= (a − b)(a2 − 6ab + b2) (Ans.) = x(x – 1) (x4 + x2 + 1)
cÖkœ \ 14 \ x − x − 24
3 = x(x – 1) {(x2)2 + 2x21 + (1)2 – x2}
= x(x – 1) {(x2 + 1)2 – (x)2}
mgvavb : awi, (x) = x3 − x − 24 = x(x – 1) (x2 + 1 + x) (x2 + 1 – x)
 (3) = (3)3 − 3 − 24 = 27 − 27 = 0 = x(x – 1) (x2 + x + 1) (x2 – x + 1) (Ans.)
 (x − 3), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| cÖkœ \ 19 \ 4x3 − 5x2 + 5x − 1
GLb, x3 − x − 24 = x3 − 3x2 + 3x2 − 9x + 8x – 24 mgvavb : awi, (x) = 4x3 − 5x2 + 5x − 1
= x2(x − 3) + 3x(x – 3) + 8(x – 3)
1 1 3 1 2 1
= (x − 3)(x2 + 3x + 8) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 15 \ x + 6x2y + 11xy2 + 6y3
3
 () () () ()
4
=4
4
−5
4
+5
4
−1
1 1 5 1 5 5
mgvavb : awi, f(x) = x3 + 6x2y + 11xy2 + 6y3 =4
64
− 5. + −1 =
16 4
−
16 16 4
+ −1
 f(− y) = (– y)3 + 6(– y)2.y + 11(– y).y2 + 6y3
= – y3 + 6y3 – 11y3 + 6y3 1 − 5 + 20 − 16 21 − 21 0
= = = =0
= 12y3 – 12y3 = 0 16 16 16
 x − ( y) ev, (x + y), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
– 1
Zvn‡j, x3 + 6x2y + 11xy2 + 6y3 ( )
 x−
4
ev, (4x − 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
= x3 + x2y + 5x2y + 5xy2 + 6xy2 + 6y3 GLb, 4x − 5x2 + 5x − 1
3
= x2 (x + y) + 5xy (x + y) + 6y2 (x + y) = 4x3 − x2 − 4x2 + x + 4x − 1

= (x + y) (x2 + 5xy + 6y2) = x2(4x − 1) − x(4x − 1) + 1(4x − 1)
= (x + y) (x2 + 3xy + 2xy + 6y2) = (4x − 1)(x2 − x + 1) (Ans.)
= (x + y) {x(x + 3y) + 2y(x + 3y)} cÖkœ \ 20 \ 18x3 + 15x2 − x − 2
= (x + y) (x + 2y) (x + 3y) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 16 \ 2x4 − 3x3 − 3x − 2 mgvavb : awi, (x) = 18x3 + 15x2 − x − 2
mgvavb : awi f(x)= 2x4 – 3x3 – 3x – 2 1 1 3 1 2 1
 f(2) = 2(2)4 – 3(2)3 – 32 – 2
 − ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
= 18 −
2
+ 15 −
2
− −
2
−2
= 32 – 24 – 6 – 2 = 32 – 32 = 0 1 1 1
 (x − 2), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| ( ) = 18  −
8
+ 15 . + − 2
4 2
GLb, 2x4 – 3x3 – 3x – 2 =− +
9 15 1
+ −2
= 2x4 – 4x3 + x3 – 2x2 + 2x2 – 4x + x – 2 4 4 2
= 2x3 (x – 2) + x2 (x – 2) + 2x (x – 2) +1 (x – 2) − 9 + 15 + 2 − 8 − 17 + 17 0
= (x – 2) (2x3 + 2x + x2 + 1) = = = =0
4 4 4
= (x – 2) {2x (x2 + 1) + 1 (x2 + 1)} 1
= (x – 2) (x2 + 1) (2x + 1) (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 17 \ 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2 − 3x − 2
x− − ( ) 2
ev, (2x + 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
GLb, 18x3 + 15x2 − x − 2
mgvavb : awi, (x) = 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2 − 3x − 2 = 18x3 + 9x2 + 6x2 + 3x − 4x − 2
 (−1) = 4(−1)4 + 12(−1)3 + 7 (−1)2 − 3(−1) − 2 = 9x2 (2x + 1) + 3x(2x + 1) − 2(2x + 1)
= 4 − 12 + 7 + 3 − 2 = 14 − 14 = 0 = (2x + 1)(9x2 + 3x − 2)
 x − (−1) ev, (x + 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| = (2x + 1)(9x2 − 3x + 6x − 2)
GLb, 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2 − 3x − 2 = (2x + 1){3x(3x − 1) + 2(3x − 1)}
= 4x4 + 4x3 + 8x3 + 8x2 − x2 − x − 2x − 2 = (2x + 1)(3x − 1)(3x + 2) (Ans.)
= 4x3(x + 1) + 8x2(x + 1) − x(x + 1) − 2(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(4x3 + 8x2 − x − 2)

1. hw` f(x) Gi gvÎv abvZ¥K nq Z‡e †Kvb k‡Z© f(x) †K 2. a3 − 3ab2 + 2b3 Gi Drcv`K−
b i. a − b ii. a + 2b iii. a2 + ab + 2b2
(ax + b) Øviv ( )?
fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq f − a
 a0 L a=0 M a0 N a0  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
3. f(x) = 6x2 − x − 1 Gi Rb¨− wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1 K i I ii L ii I iii i I iii N i, ii I iii
i. f() 2
=0 ii. f(0) = 1
iii. (3x + 1), f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K

15. (x) = x3 − x − k Ges (2) = 0 n‡j, k Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
35 : fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ K −6 6 M8 N 16
e¨vL¨v : 23 − 2 − k = 0  k = 6
4. abvZ¥K gvÎvi †Kv‡bv eûc`x (x) †K (x − a) AvKv‡ii (1 )
16. (x) = 54x4 + 27x3a − 16x − 8a Ges ƒ −2 a = 0 n‡j,
eûc`x Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e Zv fvM bv K‡i †ei (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e? (ga¨g)
Kivi m~Î †KvbwU? (mnR) K 2x − a L x+a  2x + a N x + 2a
 fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ L fvMdj Dccv`¨
17. k = KZ n‡j, k3 – k – 6 Gi gvb k~b¨ n‡e? (ga¨g)
K –1 L1 2 N3
M fvRK Dccv`¨ N fvR¨ Dccv`¨
18. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ay + a – y2 – 2y – 1 Gi Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
5. †Kv‡bv eûc`x (x), (x − a) Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` Ges †Kej
K (y − 1)  (a – y – 1) M (a – y) N (a + y)
hw` (a) = 0 nq, GB m~ÎwU Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? (mnR)
19. ƒ(a) = a3 − 3a2b + 2b3 Ges a = b emv‡j ƒ(a) = 0 nq|
K fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ L fvMdj Dccv`¨
ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K KZ? (mnR)
M fvR¨ Dccv`¨  Drcv`K Dccv`¨  a−b L b−a M a+b N ab
6. hw` (x) Gi gvÎv abvZ¥K Ges a  0 nq, Z‡e (x) †K (ax 20. 80a6 − 5 Gi GKwU Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
+ b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ nq? (ga¨g) K 4a6 − 1 L 4a2 − 1  4a3 + 1 N 4a4 + 1
21. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 4x2 + 5x – 6 Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (mnR)
K (1a) L (ba)  −( ba) N (ab)
K (x + 1)  (x+ 2) M (x + 3) N (x – 4)
7. ƒ(x) †K (x – a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ nq? (mnR) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K ƒ(x) L ƒ(0)  ƒ(a) N2
8. †Kvb kZ© mv‡c‡¶ ƒ(x), (x – a) Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e? (mnR) 22. (x) †K (ax + b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl ƒ − ba n‡e hw`−
( )
 ƒ(a) = 0 L ƒ(a) = 1 M ƒ(a) = −1 N ƒ(x) = 1
i. (x) Gi gvÎv FYvZ¥K nq ii. (x) Gi gvÎv abvZ¥K nq
9. †Kvb kZ© mv‡c‡¶ (ax + b) ivwkwU ƒ(x) Gi Drcv`K n‡e? (mnR) iii. a  0 nq
b b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ƒ − ( ) a
=0 Lƒ ()a
=0
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii
(KwVb)
N i, ii I iii
a 23. ƒ(a) = a3 + 3a + 36 Ges (a + 3), ƒ(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡jÑ
Mƒ − ( ) b
=0 N ƒ (ab) = 0
i. ƒ(−3) = 0 n‡e
10. fvRK eûc`x hw` fvR¨ eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K nq, Z‡e ii. (a − 4), ƒ(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e
fvM‡kl wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) iii. (a2 − 3a + 12), ƒ(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e
K1 Lx Ma 0 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
11. x Gi gvb KZ n‡j, x3+ 4x2 + x – 6 Gi gvb k~b¨ nq? (ga¨g) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K0 1 M –1 N2
e¨vL¨v : x = 1 n‡j, x + 4x + x – 6 = (1) + 4(1) + 1 − 6
3 2 3 2 24. ƒ(x) = x 3 − x − 6 n‡jÑ
=1+4+1−6=0 i. ƒ(1) = 0 ii. ƒ(2) = 0

12. x = KZ n‡j, 6x2 – 7x + 1 Gi gvb k~b¨ nq? (mnR) iii. (x − 2), ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
K –1 L0 1 N2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
13. ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb k~b¨ n‡e? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
−2
 ƒ  25. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
3
K ƒ(3) L ƒ(2) Mƒ () 2 3 i. ƒ(x) = x3 – 3x2y + 2y3 n‡j, ƒ(y) = 0
14. m = KZ n‡j, 4m3 – 5m2 + 5m – 1 Gi gvb k~b¨ nq? ii. ƒ(x) = x4 – 4x + 3 n‡j, ƒ(1)= 0
1
K2 L –1 M1  iii. ƒ(x) = x3 – x – 24 n‡j, ƒ(3) = 0
4
e¨vL¨v : awi, f(m) = 4m3 − 5m2 + 5m − 1 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1 1 3 1 2 1 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 (4) = 4(4) − 5(4) + 54 − 1 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
4 5 5 1 5 5
= − + −1= − + −1
64 16 4 16 16 4  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 26 − 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 − 5 + 20 − 16 0
=
16
= =0
10 ƒ(x) = 36x2 − 8x − 15
26. ƒ(−2) = KZ? (mnR) 36. (x) †K Drcv`K we‡kølY Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvIqv
K 113  145 M 151 N 175 hv‡e? (KwVb)
27. ƒ(x) †K (2x − 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e? (ga¨g) K (a + 5)(3a2 − 3a + 5)  (a + 1)(3a2 − 3a + 5)
 −10 L −5 M 10 N 20 M (a − 1)(3a2 − 3 + 5) N (a + 1)(3a2 + 3a + 5)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 37 I 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
( 1)
28. ƒ − 2 = KZ? (mnR)
x2 + (3p2 – 2)
x
– 6 GKwU exRMwYZxq ivwk|
K −5 L −4  −2 N2 p
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 − 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 37. x = KZ n‡j ivwkwUi gvb k~b¨ nq? (mnR)
f(x) = x3 + xy2 + 2y3 Ges f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K g(x) = x2 + xy − 2y2 K 2p L 3p  –3p Np
29. g(y) = KZ? (mnR) 38. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K? (mnR)
K −2 0 M2 Nx 2
30. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g) K (x + p) L (x – 3p) M (x + 2p)  ( )
x–
p
 x−y L x+y M2 Nx  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 39 − 41 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
31. wb‡Pi †KvbwU f(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
x3 – 7xy2 – 6y3 Ges (x – 2y)2 – y2 `yBwU exRMwYZxq ivwk|
K x − 2y Lx−y  x+y N x + 3y
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 32 I 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 39. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g ivwki gvb k~b¨ nq? (mnR)
Ky  –y M 2y N – 3y
f(x) = x4 − 4x + 3 40. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ_g ivwki Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
32. x Gi gvb KZ n‡j (x) = 0 n‡e? (mnR)  (x + 2y) L (x + 3y) M (x – y) N (x + 4y)
1 L −1 M3 N −3 41. wØZxq ivwki Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
33. ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K KZ? (mnR) K (x + y) L (x – 2y) M (x + 3y)  (x – y)
K x−3  x−1 M x+3 N x+1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 42 I 43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 34 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 2
42. ivwkwUi m‡e©v”P NvZ KZ? (mnR)
(x) = 3a3 + 2a + 5 K1 L2 3 N4
34. cÖ`Ë (x) Gi aªæe c` KZ? (mnR) 43. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
K2 L3 5 N 10 K (x + 2)  (x2 + x + 1) M (x + 1) N (x − 1)
35. wb‡Pi †KvbwU (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K? (mnR)
K (x − 1)  (x + 1) M (x + 2) N (x + 5)

44. (x) †K ax + b Øviv fvM Ki‡j, fvM‡kl n‡e− 50. (x) = x4 − 7x − 2 n‡j, (x) †K (x − 2) Øviv fvM Ki‡j
a b a b fvM‡kl KZ n‡e?
K – ( )  – ( ) M () N ()
b a b a K2 L1 0 N −1
45. (x + a), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, †KvbwU mwVK? 51. 6x2 − 7x + 5 †K (x + 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ?
a K4 L5 M6  18
K (a) = 0 L  () = 0 M x + a = 0  (− a) = 0 52. (x) = x3 + 3x + 36, g(x) = x4 − 4x + 3 Ges h(x) = x3 − x
b
46. (ax − b), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` − 24 wZbwU eûc`x n‡j−
 nq| i. x + 3, (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
a b ii. x − 1, g(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
K (b) = 0 L (a) = 0 M  ()= 0  a = 0()
b iii. x − 3, h(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
47. (a) = a3 − 3a2b + 2b3 Ges a = b emv‡j (a) = 0 nq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ivwkwUi GKwU Drcv`K KZ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K a−b  b−a M a+b N ab 53. (a) = a3 + 3a + 36 Ges (a + 3), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
48. (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb n‡j−
k~b¨ n‡e? i. (−3) = 0 Gi GKwU Drcv`K
3 2
K (3) L (2) M
2 ()  –
3( ) ii. (a − 4), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e
iii. (a2 − 3a – 8), (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e
49. x-Gi gvb KZ n‡j x + 6x y + 11xy + 6y -Gi gvb k~b¨
3 2 2 3
n‡e? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K 2y Ly  −y N 3y K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

œ 1  x3 − 21x − 20 I 2x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1 `yBwU ivwk|
cÖk- K. (x + 2) Øviv cÖ_g ivwkwU wefvR¨ wK bv? 2
L. cÖ_g ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. wØZxq ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 GLb, x3 − 21x − 20
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = x3 + x2 − x2 − x − 20x − 20
= x2(x + 1) − x (x + 1) − 20(x + 1)
K. awi, (x) = x3 − 21x − 20 = (x + 1)(x2 − x − 20)
 (x), (x + 2) Øviv wefvR¨ n‡j, (−2) = 0 n‡e| = (x + 1)(x2 − 5x + 4x − 20)
= (x + 1){x(x − 5) + 4(x − 5)}
GLb, (−2) = (−2)3 − 21 (−2) − 20 = (x + 1)(x − 5)(x + 4) (Ans.)
= − 8 + 42 − 20 = − 28 + 42 = 14 M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 2x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1
  (−2)  0 g‡b Kwi, (x) = 2x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1
 (x + 2) Øviv cÖ_g ivwkwU wefvR¨ bq|
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 − 21x − 20 ( ) ( ) ( ) (12) − 1
1 1 3
GLv‡b,  2 = 2 2 − 3 2 + 3.
1 2
g‡b Kwi, (x) = x3 − 21x − 20 2 3 3

= − + −1
GLv‡b, (−1) = (−1)3 − 21(−1) − 20 8 4 2
1 3 3 1−3+6−4 7−7
= −1 + 21 − 20 = 21 − 21 = 0 =4−4+2−1= 4
= 4 =0
 x −(−1) ev, (x + 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
x− (12) = x − 21
A_©vr (2x − 1), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
GLb, 2x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1 = 2x3 − x2 − 2x2 + x + 2x − 1
= x2(2x − 1) − x(2x − 1) + 1(2x − 1)
= (2x − 1)(x2 − x + 1) (Ans.)

œ 2  (x) = x3 + 3x + 36 GKwU eûc`x|
cÖk- œ 3  (x) †K (ax + b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq ƒ(− ba) |
cÖk-
K. †`LvI †h, (x − a), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e
†hLv‡b, (x) = x2 + 4x − 12
hw` I †Kej hw` (a) = 0 nq| 2
K. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨wU exRMvwYwZK mgxKi‡Y cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. (x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKi‡Y a = 1, b = −2 ewm‡q
M. g(x) = x + x − 25x −37x + 60 n‡j †`LvI †h,
4 3 2
ƒ(x) I g(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 3) 4 fvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4

M. (2x + 7) Øviv ƒ(x) †K fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  n‡e? 4
K. awi, (a) = 0  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AZGe, fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, (x) †K (x − a) Øviv fvM K. awi, ƒ(x) †K (ax + b) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj h(x)| fvM‡kl
Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ n‡e| A_©vr (x − a),(x) Gi GKwU b
Drcv`K n‡e|
wecixZµ‡g, awi, (x − a), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
ƒ − ( )
a
n‡j fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, exRMvwYwZK
b
AZGe, (x) = (x − a). h(x), †hLv‡b h(x) eûc`x| ( )
mgxKiY ùvovq, ƒ(x) = (ax + b)h(x) + ƒ − a (Ans)
Dfqc‡ÿ x = a ewm‡q cvB, L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ƒ(x) = x2 + 4x − 12
(a) = (a − a). h(a) = 0  ƒ(x) = (x − 2)h(x) + ƒ(−2)
 (a) = 0 [KÕ †_‡K  a = 1, b = −2]
myZivs, †Kv‡bv eûc`x (x), (x − a) Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` ev, x2 + 4x − 12 = (x − 2)h(x) + (22 + 4  2 − 12)
Ges †Kej hw` (a) = 0 nq| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, x2 + 4x − 12 = (x − 2)h(x) − 0
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, (x) = x + 3x + 36
3 x2 + 4x − 12 x2 + 6x − 2x − 12
ev, h(x) = (x − 2) =
GLb, (−3) = (−3) + 3(−3) + 36
3 (x − 2)
= −27 − 9 + 36 = − 36 + 36 = 0 x(x + 6) − 2(x + 6) (x + 6)(x − 2)
= = =x+6
 x − (−3) = x + 3, (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (x − 2) (x − 2)
GLb, x3 + 3x + 36 fvMdj = x + 6 (Ans.)
= x3 + 3x2 − 3x2 − 9x + 12x + 36 M. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, ƒ(x) †K (2x + 7) Øviv fvM Ki‡j
= x2(x + 3) − 3x(x + 3) + 12(x + 3) 7
= (x + 3) (x2 − 3x + 12) (Ans.) ()
fvM‡kl n‡e ƒ 2 , †hLv‡b ƒ(x) = x2 + 4x − 12
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, g(x) = x4 + x3 − 25x2 − 37x + 60 −7 −7
2
−7
 fvM‡kl = ƒ  =   + 4  − 12
GLb, g(−3) = (−3)4 +(−3)3 − 25(−3)2 − 37. (−3) + 60 2 2 2
= 81 − 27 −25.9 + 37.3 + 60 49 28
= − − 12
= 81 − 27 − 225 + 111 + 60 = 252 − 252 = 0 4 2
 x −(−3) ev, (x + 3), g(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 49 − 56 − 48 −55
= = (Ans.)
Avevi, ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, 4 4
f(x) = (x + 3) (x2 – 3x + 12) œ 4  (x) = x3 − 3xy2 + 2y3 GKwU eûc`x| GLv‡b x
cÖk- †K
 (x) I g(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 3) (Ans.) PjK Ges y †K aªæeK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki|
K. ƒ(y) wbY©q Ki| 2  (3x − 2) I (2x + a), g(x) Gi `yBwU Drcv`K|
L. †`LvI †h, (x + 2y), ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4 2 2 4 2 3 2
M. ƒ(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 () () ()
GLb, ƒ 3 = 54 3 + 27 3 a − 16 3 − 8a ()
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  =
54  16 27  8
+ a−
16  2
− 8a
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ƒ(x) = x3 − 3xy2 + 2y3 81 27 3
 ƒ(y) = y3 − 3  y  y2 + 2y3 = 3y3 − 3y3 = 0 (Ans.) 2  16 16  2
= + 8a − − 8a = 0
3 3
L. Avgiv Rvwb, (x + 2y), ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` Ges a
†Kej hw` ƒ(−2y) = 0 nq|
GLb, ƒ(−2y) = (−2y)3 − 3(−2y)y2 + 2y3
( )
Ges ÔKÕ †_‡K ƒ − 2 = 0
A_©vr (3x − 2) I (2x + a) Df‡q ƒ(x) Gi Drcv`K|
= −8y3 + 6y3 + 2y3 = −8y3 + 8y3 = 0
myZivs (x + 2y), ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) myZivs (3x − 2) (2x + a) ev, 6x2 − (4 − 3a)x − 2a, ƒ(x)-Gi
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K (x + 2y), ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
GLb, x3 − 3xy2 + 2y3 M. ƒ(x) = 54x4 + 27x3a − 16x − 8a
= x3 + 2x2y − 2x2y − 4xy2 + xy2 + 2y3 = 27x3 (2x + a) − 8(2x + a)
= x2(x + 2y) − 2xy (x + 2y) + y2(x + 2y)
[ 2x + a, ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K]
= (x + 2y)(x2 − 2xy + y2)
= (x − y)2 (x + 2y) = (2x + a) (27x3 − 8)
 x3 − 3xy2 + 2y3 = (x − y)2 (x + 2y) (Ans.) = (2x + a) {(3x)3 − (2)3}
= (2x + a) (3x − 2){(3x)2 + 3x2 + 22}
œ 5  x Pj‡Ki GKwU eûc`x 7x3 − 8x2 + 6x − 36
cÖk- = (2x + a) (3x − 2) (9x2 + 6x + 4) (Ans.)
K. P(0), P(−2) wbY©q Ki| 2
L. eûc`xwU‡K (x − 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h fvM‡kl œ 7  (x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6 Ges g(x) = 12 + 4x − 3x2 − x3
cÖk-
_v‡K Zv fvM‡kl Dccv‡`ï mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 K. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ (x) = 0 nq, wbY©q Ki| 2
M. †`LvI †h, (x − 2) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K| 4 L. †`LvI †h (x + 2), g(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. (x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki| 4
K. g‡b Kwi, P(x) = 7x − 8x + 6x − 36
3 2
 P(0) = 70 − 80 + 60 − 36 = −36 (Ans)
P(−2) = 7(−2)3 − 8(−2)2 + 6(−2) − 36 K. GLv‡b (x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6 Gi aªe“ c` 6 Gi
= 7(−8) − 84 + 6(−2) − 36 Drcv`K¸‡jv n‡”Q  1,  2,  3,  6
= −56 − 32 − 12 − 36 = −136 (Ans.) x = −1 ewm‡q cvB,
L. Avgiv Rvwb, (−1) = (−1)3 + 6(−1)2 + 11(−1) + 6
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv eûc`x P(x) †K (x − 2) Øviv = −1 + 6 − 11 + 6 = 0
fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(a)  x = −1 n‡j, (x) = 0
P(x) †K (x − 1) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P(1)
P(1) = 713 − 812 + 61 − 36 L. (x + 2), g(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` (−2) = 0 nq
= 7 − 8 + 6 − 36 = 13 − 44 = −31 (Ans.) g(x) = 12 + 4x − 3x2 − x3
M. (x − 2) cÖ`Ë eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` P(a) = 0 nq  g( − 2) = 12 + 4( − 2) − 3( − 2)2 − (− 2)3
P(2) = 7(2)3 − 8(2)2 + 62 − 36 = 12 − 8 − 12 + 8 = 0
= 78 − 84 + 62 − 36  (x + 2), g(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= 56 − 32 + 12 − 36 = 68 − 68 = 0
(x − 2) D³ eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x = −1 n‡j, (x) = 0 n‡e
œ 6  (x) = 54x + 27x3a − 16x − 8a Ges g(x) eûc`xi PjK x n‡jÑ
cÖk- 4  (x + 1), ((x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
cÖ`Ë ivwk = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
( a)
K. ƒ − 2 wbY©q Ki| 2 = x2(x + 1) + 5x2 + 11x + 6
= x2(x +1) + 5x(x +1) + 6x + 6
L. †`LvI †h, 6x2 − (4 − 3a)x − 2a Gi Drcv`K `yBwU
ƒ(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4 = x2(x + 1) + 5x(x + 1) + 6(x + 1)
M. ƒ(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 = (x + 1) (x2 + 5x + 6)
= (x + 1) (x2 + 3x + 2x + 6)
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = (x + 1) {x(x + 3) + 2(x + 3)}
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ƒ(x) = 54x4 + 27x3a − 16x − 8a = (x + 1) (x + 3) (x + 2)
a a 4 a 3 a = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) (Ans)
ƒ − ( ) ( ) ( )
2
= 54 −
2
+ 27 −
2 ( ) − 8a
a − 16 −
2 œ 8  (a) = a3 − 3a2b + 2b3
cÖk-
54a4 27a4 16a
= − + − 8a g(a) = a3 − 9b3 + (a + b)3
16 8 2
4
27a 27a 4 K. (a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K †ei Ki| 2
= − + 8a − 8a = 0 (Ans.)
8 8 L. †`LvI †h, (a − b), g(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K| 4
L. awi, g(x) = 6x2 − (4 − 3a)x − 2a = 6x2 − 4x + 3ax − 2a M. g(a) †K Drcv`‡K we‡klY Ki| 4
= 2x(3x − 2) + a(3x − 2)  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= (3x − 2) (2x + a)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, (a) = a3 − 3a2b + 2b3  (a − b), g(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
GLv‡b, a †K Awb‡`©kK ev PjK Ges b †K Av¶wiK mnM M. g(a) = −
a3 9b3 + (a + b)3 = a3 − b3 + (a + b)3 − 8b3
wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kwi| = (a − b) (a + ab + b2) + (a + b)3 − (2b)3
2
GLb, a = b ewm‡q cvB, = (a − b) (a2 + ab + b2) + {(a + b) − 2b}

(b) = (b)3 − 3(b)2b + 2b3 = b3 − 3b3 + 2b3 = 0 {(a + b)2 + (a + b) 2b + (2b)2}
 (a − b),(a)- Gi GKwU Drcv`K (Ans) = (a − b) (a + ab + b ) + (a − b)
2 2
(a2 + 2ab + b2 + 2ab + 2b2 + 4b2)

L. (a − b), g(a) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e hw` g(b) = 0 nq| = (a − b) (a + ab + b2) + (a − b) (a2 + 4ab + 7b2)
2
GLb, g(a) = a3 − 9b3 + (a + b)3 = (a − b) (a2 + ab + b2 + a2 + 4ab + 7b2)

 g(b) = b3 − 9b3 + (2b)3 = (a − b) (2a2 + 5ab + 8b2) (Ans)
= b3 − 9b3 + 8b3 = 0

œ 9  (x) = x3 − x − 6
cÖk- M. GLv‡b, ƒ(x) = x3 − x − 6 GKwU eûc`x| Gi aªæec` − 6 Gi
K. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨wU †jL| 2 Drcv`K¸‡jv n‡jv  1,  2,  3 Ges  6
L. ƒ(3) wbY©q Ki| 4 GLb, x = 1 n‡j, ƒ(1) = 13 − 1 − 6 ≠ 0
M. ƒ(x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 x = −1 n‡j, ƒ(−1) = (−1)3 − (−1) − 6
= −1 + 1 − 6 ≠ 0
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x = 2 n‡j, ƒ(2) = 23 − 2 − 6
K. †Kv‡bv eûc`x ƒ(x) †K (x − a) Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq =8−2−6=8−8=0
ƒ(a)| GB m~Î fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ bv‡g cwiwPZ| myZivs (x − 2), ƒ(x) eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K|
L. ƒ(x) = x3 − x − 6  ƒ(x) = x3 − x − 6 = x3 − 2x2 + 2x2 − 4x + 3x − 6
= x2(x − 2) + 2x(x − 2) + 3(x − 2)
 ƒ(3) = (3)3 − (3) − 6 = 27 − 3 − 6 = 27 − 9 = 18 (Ans.) = (x − 2)(x2 + 2x + 3) (Ans.)

œ 10  MwYZ wkÿK †gvkvid m¨vi beg †kªwYi MwYZ K¬v‡m K. (1) Ges (−1) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
cÖk- 2
GKRb QvÎ‡K †ev‡W© wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk wjL‡Z ej‡jb| L. †`LvI †h, (x), (x + 1) I (x − 1) Øviv wefvR¨ bq wKš‘
QvÎwU wjLj : (x − 2) Øviv wefvR¨| 4
1
(i) a + 2 − 2 − 2a +
2
2 M. Factor Theorem eënvi K‡i (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
a a †ei Ki Ges (x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
(ii) a4 − 4a + 3
(iii) 2b c + 2c a + 2a b − a − b − c
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 DËi : K. –6, –6; M. (x – 2), (x – 2) (x2 + 2x + 3)
K. (i) bs ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 2 cÖk-
œ 13  (x) = 4x4 + 12x3 + 7x2 − 3x − 2;
L. fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i (ii) bs ivwk Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 g(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 − x − 2 `yBwU eûc`x|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, (iii) bs ivwki GKwU Drcv`K (a + b − c) 4 K. (−1) wbY©q Ki| 2
1 1
( )(
DËi : K. a − a a − − 2 ; L. (a − 1)(a − 1)(a + 2a + 3) L. (x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki|
) 2 4
a
M. †`LvI †h, g(x) I (x) Gi GKwU mvaviY Drcv`K (2x + 1) 4
œ 11  (x) = x + 3x + 36 GKwU eûc`x|
cÖk- 3
DËi : K. 0; L. (2x − 1)(2x + 1)(x + 1)(x + 2)
K. (x − a), (x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e, hw` I †Kej hw`
(a) = 0 nq; cÖgvY Ki| œ 14  (x) = 3x2 − 7x − 6, h (x) = 3x + 2
2 cÖk-
L. (x) †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 K. (x) = fvR¨, h(x) = fvMdj, (x − a) = fvRK Ges r =
M. g(x) = x4 + x3 − 25x2 − 37x + 60 n‡j †`LvI †h, fvM‡kl a‡i cvwUMwY‡Zi fvR¨ wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU‡K exRvwYwZK
(x) I g(x) Gi mvaviY Drcv`K (x + 3) 4 mgxKi‡Y cÖKvk Ki| 2
DËi : L. (x + 3)(x − 3x + 12)
2 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖ vß mgxKi‡Y fvM‡kl r = 0 eënvi K‡i a Gi
œ 12  †Kv‡bv eûc`x (x), (x − a) Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` Ges
cÖk- gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
†Kej hw` (a) = 0 nq| GB m~Î Drcv`K Dccv`¨ (Factor M. fvRK (x − 2) n‡j fvMdj I fvM‡kl wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. (x) = (x − a) h(x) + r; L. a = 3; M. 3x −1, −8
Theorem) bv‡g cwiwPZ| (x), x3 − x − 6 GKwU eûc`x n‡j−
A b yk xj b x 3 .5
 ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b exRMvwYwZK m~Î MVb I cÖ‡qvM :
ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœfv‡e Avgiv ev¯Íe mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nB| GB mgm¨v¸‡jv fvlvMZfv‡e ewY©Z nq| G mgm¨v
mgvav‡b exRMvwYwZK m~Î MVb Ges Zv cÖ‡qvM Kivi wewfbœ c×wZ Aej¤^b Kwi|
 mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c×wZ :
(K) cÖ_‡gB mZK©Zvi mv‡_ mgm¨vwU ch©‡eÿY K‡i Ges g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o †Kvb¸‡jv AÁvZ Ges Kx wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e Zv
wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
(L) AÁvZ ivwk¸‡jvi GKwU‡K †h‡Kv‡bv PjK (awi x) Øviv m~wPZ Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci mgm¨vwU fv‡jvfv‡e Abyaveb K‡i Ab¨vb¨
AÁvZ ivwk¸‡jv‡KI GKB PjK x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
(M) mgm¨v‡K ¶z`ª ¶z`ª As‡k wef³ K‡i exRMvwYwZK ivwk Øviv cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
(N) cÖ`Ë kZ© eënvi K‡i ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Ask¸‡jv‡K GK‡Î GKwU mgxKi‡Y cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
(O) mgxKiYwU mgvavb K‡i AÁvZ ivwk x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ m~Î eënvi Kiv nq| m~Î¸‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
(1) †`q ev cÖvc¨ welqK :
†`q ev cÖvc¨, A = qn UvKv
†hLv‡b, q = RbcÖwZ †`q ev cÖvc¨ UvKvi cwigvY
n = †jv‡Ki msL¨v
(2) mgq I KvR welqK :
K‡qKRb †jvK GKwU KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡j, Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W = qnx
†hLv‡b, q = cÖ‡Z¨‡K GKK mg‡q Kv‡Ri †h Ask m¤úbœ K‡i
n = KvR m¤úv`bKvixi msL¨v
x = Kv‡Ri †gvU mgq
W = n R‡b x mg‡q Kv‡Ri †h Ask m¤úbœ K‡i
(3) mgq I `~iZ¡ welqK :
wbw`©ó mg‡q `~iZ¡, d = vt
†hLv‡b, v = cÖwZ NÈvq MwZ‡eM
t = †gvU mgq
(4) bj I †PŠev”Pv welqK :
wbw`©ó mg‡q †PŠev”Pvq cvwbi cwigvY, Q(t) = Q0  qt
†hLv‡b, Q0 = b‡ji gyL Ly‡j †Ìqvi mgq †PŠev”Pvq Rgv cvwbi cwigvY|
q = cÖwZ GKK mg‡q bj w`‡q †h cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i A_ev †ei nq|
t = AwZµvšÍ mgq|
Q(t) = t mg‡q †PŠev”Pvq cvwbi cwigvY (cvwb cÖ‡ek nIqvi k‡Z© Ô+Õ wPý Ges cvwb †ei nIqvi k‡Z© ÔÑÕ wPý eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|)
(5) kZKiv Ask welqK :
p = br
s
†hLv‡b, b = †gvU ivwk; r = kZKiv fMœvsk = 100 = s%; p = kZKiv Ask = b Gi s%
(6) jvf-ÿwZ welqK :
S = C(I  r)
jv‡fi †ÿÎ, S = C(I + r)
ÿwZi †ÿ‡Î, S = C(I − r)
†hLv‡b, S (UvKv) = weµqg~j¨; C (UvKv) = µqg~j¨; I = jvf ev gybvdv; r = jvf ev ÿwZi nvi
(7) wewb‡qvM-gybvdv welqK :
mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î, I = Pnr UvKv
A = P + I = P+Pnr = P(1+nr) UvKv
Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î, A = P(1 + r)n
†hLv‡b, I = n mgq c‡i gybvdv; n = wbw`©ó mgq; P = g~jab; r = GKK mg‡q GKK g~ja‡bi gybvdv`; A = n mgq c‡i gybvdvmn g~jab|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ x2 − 7x + 6 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi (K) 1  7−4 3 (M) 2 + 3 (N)
1
†KvbwU? 2− 3
e¨vL¨v : x = 2 − 3
(K) (x − 2)(x − 3) (L) (x − 1)(x + 8) 2
ev, x2 = (2 − 3)2 = 22 − 22 3 + ( 3) = 4 − 4 3 + 3 = 7 − 4 3
 (x − 1)(x − 6) (N) (x + 1)(x + 6) cÖkœ \ 13 \ (x) = x − 5x + 6 Ges (x) = 0 n‡j, x = KZ?
2
e¨vL¨v : x2 − 7x + 6 = x2 − 6x − x + 6 = x(x − 6) −1(x − 6) = (x − 6)(x − 1)  2, 3 (L) − 5, 1 (M) − 2, 3 (N) 1, − 5

cÖkœ \ 2 \ (x) = x2 − 4x + 4 n‡j, (2) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? e¨vL¨v : (x) = x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 ev, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 ev, x2 − 3x − 2x + 6 = 0
ev, x(x − 3) −2 (x − 3) = 0 ev, (x − 3) (x − 2) = 0
(K) 4 (L) 2 (M) 1 0
nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, x − 2 = 0
e¨vL¨v : (2) = (2)2 − 42 + 4 = 4 − 8 + 4 = 0 x=3 x=2
cÖkœ \ 3 \ x + y = x − y n‡j, y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? cÖkœ \ 14 \
(K) −1 0 (M) 1 (N) 2 x +6
0
e¨vL¨v : (x + y) = x − y ev, y + y = x − x ev, 2y = 0 ev, y = 2 = 0 x x2 + 6x
−5 − 5x − 30
x2 + 3x3
cÖkœ \ 4 \ x + 3x2 Gi jwNô iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? Dc‡ii wP‡Îi me©‡gvU †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
(K) x2 x (M) 1 (N) 0 (K) x2 − 5x + 30  x2 + x − 30
x2 + 3x3 x2(1 + 3x)
e¨vL¨v : x + 3x2 = x(1 + 3x) = x (M) x2 + 6x − 30 (N) x2 − x + 30
e¨vL¨v :
1 − x2
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 1 − x Gi jwNô iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? x +6
x x2 +6x
(K) 1 (L) x (M) (1 − x)  (1 + x) −5 −5x −30
1 − x2 (1 + x)(1 − x)  PviwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = x2 + 6x − 5x − 30 = x2 + x − 30
e¨vL¨v : 1 − x = 1−x
=1+x
cÖkœ \ 15 \ K †h KvR x w`‡b m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i, L †m KvR 3x
1
cÖkœ \ 6 \ 2 {(a + b)2 − (a − b)2} Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? w`‡b m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKB mg‡q K, L Gi KZ ¸Y KvR K‡i?
1
(K) 2(a2 + b2)(L) a2 + b2  2ab (N) 4ab (K) 2 ¸Y (L) 22 ¸Y  3 ¸Y (N) 4 ¸Y
1 1
e¨vL¨v : 2 {(a + b)2 − (a − b)2} = 2  4ab = 2ab 1 1 1 1
e¨vL¨v : K Gi 1 w`‡bi KvR : L Gi 1 w`‡bi KvR = x : 3x = x . 3x : 3x . 3x = 3 : 1
2 8
cÖkœ \ 7 \ x + x = 3 n‡j, x3 + 3
x
Gi gvb KZ? 3
GKB mg‡q K, L Gi 1 ev 3 ¸Y KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
(K) 1 (L) 8 9 (N) 16 cÖkœ \ 16 \ a + b = − c n‡j, a2 + 2ab + b2 †K c Gi gva¨‡g
cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvIqv hv‡e|
3 3
8
e¨vL¨v : x3 + x3 = x3 + x (2) = (x + 2x) − 3x2x (x + 2x) (K) − c2  c2 (M) bc (N) ca
= (3)3 − 63 = 27 − 18 = 9
e¨vL¨v : a + b = − c ev, (a + b) = (−c) ev, a + 2ab + b = c
2 2 2 2 2
cÖkœ \ 8 \ p4 + p2 + 1 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
(K) (p − p +1)(p + p −1) (L) (p − p −1)(p + p + 1)
2 2 2 2 cÖ kœ \ 17 \ x + y = 3, xy = 2 n‡j, x3 + y3 Gi gvb KZ?
(M) (p2 + p + 1)(p2 + p + 1)  (p2 + p + 1 )(p2 − p + 1) 9 (L) 18 (M) 19 (N) 27
e¨vL¨v : p4 + p2 + 1 = (p2)2 + 2p21 + 12 − p2 = (p2 + 1)2 − p2 e¨vL¨v : x + y = 3, xy = 2,  x3 + y3 = (x + y)3 − 3xy (x + y)
= (p2 + 1 + p)(p2 + 1 − p) = (p2 + p + 1)(p2 − p + 1) = (3)3 − 323 = 27 − 18 = 9
cÖkœ \ 9 \ x2 − 5x + 4 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? cÖkœ \ 18 \ 8x3 + 27y3 Gi Drcv`‡K we‡køwlZ iƒc †KvbwU?
 (x − 1)(x − 4) (L) (x + 1)(x − 4) (K) (2x − 3y)(4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)
(M) (x + 2)(x − 2) (N) (x − 5)(x − 1)  (2x + 3y)(4x2 − 6xy + 9y2)
e¨vL¨v : x2 − 5x + 4 = x2 − 4x − x + 4 = x(x − 4) −1(x − 4) = (x − 4)(x − 1) (M) (2x − 3y)(4x2 − 9y2)
cÖkœ \ 10 \ (x − 7)(x − 5) wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mgvb? (N) (2x + 3y)(4x2 + 9y2)
(K) x + 12x + 35
2 (L) x + 12x − 35
2
e¨vL¨v : 8x3 + 27y3 = (2x)3 + (3y)3 = (2x + 3y){(2x)2 − 2x3y + (3y)2}
 x − 12x + 35
2 (N) x − 12x − 35
2 = (2x + 3y)(4x2 − 6xy + 9y2)
e¨vL¨v : (x − 7)(x − 5) = x2 − 7x − 5x + 35 = x2 − 12x + 35 cÖkœ \ 19 \ 9x2 + 16y2 Gi mv‡_ KZ †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj c~Y©eM© ivwk
2.9  2.9 − 1.1  1.1 n‡e?
cÖkœ \ 11 \ 2.9 − 1.1
Gi gvb KZ?
(K) 6xy (L) 12xy  24xy (N) 144xy
(K) 18 (L) 19 (M) 2 4 e¨vL¨v : 9x2 + 16y2 = (3x)2 + (4y)2 = (3x + 4y)2 − 23x4y
2.9  2.9 − 1.1  1.1 = (3x + 4y)2 − 24xy
e¨vL¨v : 2.9  1.1 A_©vr, 9x2 + 16y2 Gi mv‡_ 24xy †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj c~Y©eM© ivwk n‡e|
=
(2.9)2 − (1.1)2 (2.9 + 1.1)(2.9 − 1.1)
= = 29 + 11 = 4 cÖkœ \ 20 \ x − y = 4 n‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK?
2.9 − 1.1 (2.9 − 1.1)
(K) x3 − y3 − 4xy = 64 (L) x3 − y3 − 12xy =12
cÖkœ \ 12 \ hw` x = 2 − 3 nq, Z‡e x2 Gi gvb KZ?
(M) x − y − 3xy = 64
3 3  x3 − y3 − 12xy = 64
e¨vL¨v : x − y = 4 ev, (x − y)3 = 43 ev, x3 − y3 − 3xy (x − y) = 64
ev, x3 − y3 − 3xy4 = 64  x3 − y3 − 12xy = 64 2r + 2p 2
cÖkœ \ 21 \ hw` x4 − x2 + 1 = 0 nq, Z‡e =
3
w`‡b = 3 (p + r) w`‡b
2
(1) x2 + x2 = KZ?
1  KvRwU 3 (p + r) w`‡b †kl n‡qwQj|
(K) 4 (L) 2 1 (N) 0 cÖkœ \ 23 \ ˆ`wbK 8 NÈv cwikªg K‡i 50 Rb †jvK GKwU KvR 12
x4 1
e¨vL¨v : x4 − x2 + 1 = 0 ev, x4 + 1 = x2 ev, x2 + x2 = 1  x2 + x2 = 1
1 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| ˆ`wbK KZ NÈv cwikªg K‡i 60 R‡b 16 w`‡b
2
H KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
1 mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, K‡qKRb †jvK GKwU KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡j,
(2) ( ) Gi gvb KZ?
x+
x
Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W = qnx
(K) 4 3 (M) 2 (N) 1 †hLv‡b, q = cÖ‡Z¨‡K GKK mg‡q Kv‡Ri †h Ask m¤úbœ K‡i
2
1
e¨vL¨v : x2 + x2 = 1 [1bs n‡Z ] ev, ( ) − 2xx1 = 1
x+
1
x n = KvR m¤úv`bKvixi msL¨v
2
x = Kv‡Ri †gvU mgq
 x+x ( 1) = 1 + 2 = 3 W = n R‡b x mg‡q Kv‡Ri †h Ask m¤úbœ K‡i
1 g‡b Kwi, ˆ`wbK 8 NÈv cwikªg K‡i 50 Rb †jvK †h KvRwU 12
(3) x3 + x3 = KZ?
w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i ˆ`wbK x NÈv cwikªg K‡i 60 R‡b 16 w`‡b H
(K) 3 (L) 2 (M) 1 0
KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2
e¨vL¨v : x+
1
( ) = 3 [2bs n‡Z ]
x
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GKK mg‡q m¤úbœ Kv‡Ri cwigvY q n‡j,
3 q  50  12  8 = q  60  x  16
1 1
ev x + x = 3 ev ( x + x) = ( 3) 3
ev, 4800 = x  960
4800
3 1
3
1 1
ev x + x + 3xx ( x + x) = 3 3 ev, x = 960  x = 5
1 1  ˆ`wbK 5 NÈv cwikªg K‡i 60 R‡b 16 w`‡b H KvRwU Ki‡Z
ev x3 + x3 + 3 3 = 3 3  x3 + x3 = 3 3 − 3 3 = 0
cv‡i| (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 22 \ K GKwU KvR p w`‡b K‡i Ges L 2p w`‡b K‡i| Zviv
GKwU KvR Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges K‡qKw`b ci K KvRwU Amgvß †i‡L P‡j cÖkœ \ 24 \ wgZv GKwU KvR x w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wiZv †m KvR y
†Mj| evwK KvRUzKz L r w`‡b †kl K‡i| KvRwU KZ w`‡b †kl n‡qwQj? w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv GK‡Î KZ w`‡b KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, m¤ú~Y© KvR x mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, wgZv I wiZv GK‡Î d w`‡b KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z
bvg KvR m¤úbœ 1 w`‡b cv‡i cvi‡e|
Kivi w`b x Kv‡Ri Ask bvg KvR m¤úbœ 1 w`‡b cv‡i d w`‡b
K p x Kivi w`b Kv‡Ri Ask K‡i
p
wgZv x 1 d
L 2p x
x x
2p
L r xr wiZv y 1 d
2p y y
K+L 1 x x 2x + x 3x d d
+ =
p 2p 2p
=
2p cÖkœvbymv‡i, x + y = 1 [ m¤ú~Y© KvR 1 Ask]
xr
L, r w`b KvR Kivq Kv‡Ri evwK _v‡K x − 2p Ask ( ) (1 1)
ev, d x + y =1
xr x+y
(
A_©vr, KvRwUi x − 2p Ask K I L GK‡Î K‡i| ) ev, d(
xy )
=1
3x 1 xy
GLb, K I L GK‡Î 2p Ask K‡i 1 w`‡b ev, d = x + y = 1  x + y
2p
 Ó Ó 1 Ó Ó 3x w`‡b xy
xy
 d=
 Ó (x − 2pxr ) " " 2p3x (x − 2pxr ) w`‡b
Ó
myZivs
x+y
xy
Zviv GK‡Î x + y w`‡b KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (Ans.)
2p r
=  x (1 − ) w`‡b
3x 2p cÖkœ \ 25 \ eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ 5700 UvKvq GKwU evm fvov
2p r
= (1 − ) w`‡b
Kiv n‡jv Ges kZ© n‡jv †h, cÖ‡Z¨K hvÎx mgvb fvov enb Ki‡e| 5
3 2p Rb hvÎx bv hvIqvq gv_vwcQy fvov 3 UvKv e„w× †cj| ev‡m KZRb
KvRwU †kl n‡qwQj r + 3 (1 − 2p) w`‡b hvÎx wM‡qwQj?
2p r

  mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ev‡m hvIqv hvÎx msL¨v x Rb
2p 2p r
= {r + −
3 2p}
 w`‡b 5700
3  gv_vwcQy fvov n‡e x
UvKv
3r + 2p − r
= {r + − } w`‡b =  Avevi, 5 Rb hvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j hvÎxi msL¨v n‡Zv (x + 5) Rb
2p r
3 3  3  w`‡b 5700
 G‡ÿ‡Î gv_vwcQy fvov n‡Zv x + 5 UvKv|
cÖkœg‡Z,
5700 5700
− =3
Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †eM NÈvq (u − v) wK.wg.
x x+5 15 15
1 1
 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, u + v + u − v = 4  (i)
(
ev, 5700 x − x + 5 = 3 ) 5 3
2q kZ©vbymv‡i, u + v = u − v  (ii)
1 1 3
ev, x − x + 5 = 5700 mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cvB,
x+5−x 1 5 3
ev, x(x + 5) = 1900 =
u+v u−v
5 1 ev, 5(u − v) = 3(u + v)
ev, x(x + 5) = 1900
ev, 5u − 5v = 3u + 3v
ev, x(x + 5) = 5  1900 ev, 5u − 3u = 5v + 3v
ev, x2 + 5x = 9500
ev, 2u = 8v
ev, x2 + 5x − 9500 = 0 8
ev, x2 + 100x − 95x − 9500 = 0 ev, u = 2 v  u = 4v  (iii)
ev, x(x + 100) − 95(x + 100) = 0
ev, (x + 100) (x − 95) = 0 GLb, u Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
15 15
nq, x + 100 = 0 A_ev, x − 95 = 0 +
4v + v 4v − v
=4
 x = −100  x = 95
15 15
†h‡nZz x hvÎxmsL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i ZvB x KLbB FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| ev, 5v + 3v = 4
 x = 95 3 5
A_©vr, ev‡m 95 Rb hvÎx wM‡qwQj| ev, v + v = 4
cÖkœ \ 26 \ GKRb gvwS †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j p NÈvq d wK.wg. †h‡Z 3+5
ev, v = 4
cv‡i| †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j H c_ †h‡Z Zvi q NÈv jv‡M| †mªv‡Zi †eM 8 8
I †bŠKvi †eM KZ? ev, v = 4  v = 4 = 2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq v wK.wg. Ges w¯’i cvwb‡Z GLb, v Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB, u = 4  2 = 8
†bŠKvi †eM NÈvq u wK.wg.| A_©vr, ùv‡oi †eM NÈvq 8 wK.wg Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq 2 wK.wg (Ans.)
Zvn‡j, †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi Kvh©Kix †eM NÈvq (u + v) wK.wg.
Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi Kvh©Kix †eM NÈvq (u − v) wK.wg. cÖkœ \ 28 \ GKwU †PŠev”Pvq `yBwU bj mshy³ Av‡Q| cÖ_g bj Øviv
d †PŠev”PvwU t1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq Ges wØZxq bj Øviv t2 wgwb‡U Lvwj nq|
cÖkœvbymv‡i, u + v = q  (i) bj `yBwU GK‡Î Ly‡j w`‡j Lvwj †PŠev”PvwU KZÿ‡Y c~Y© n‡e?
†h‡nZz †eM = AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ (GLv‡b t1 > t2)
 mgq  mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g bj Øviv cÖwZ wgwb‡U p wjUvi cvwb cÖ‡ek
d K‡i I wØZxq bj Øviv q wjUvi cvwb †ei nq Ges †PŠev”PvwU‡Z †gvU
Ges u − v = p  (ii) v wjUvi cvwb a‡i|
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, awi, bj `yBwU GK‡Î †Lvjv _vK‡j Lvwj †PŠev”Pv t wgwb‡U c~Y© nq|
d d 1 1 cÖ_g bj Øviv t1 wgwb‡U Lvwj †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq|
( )
2u = + = d
p q
+
p q  v = pt1  (i)
d 1 1 wØZxq bj Øviv t2 wgwb‡U c~Y© †PŠev”Pv Lvwj nq|
 u= ( + ) 0 = v − qt2
2 p q
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, ev, v = qt2  (ii)
`yBwU bj Øviv t wgwb‡U Lvwj †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq|
(1q − 1p)
2v = d v = pt − qt
ev, v = (p − q) t  (iii)
d 1 1
 v= ( − ) v
2 q p (i) †_‡K, p =
t1
d
(1 1)
myZivs, †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq 2 q − p wK.wg. (ii) †_‡K, q=
v
t2
d 1 1
Ges †bŠKvi †eM NÈvq 2 (p + q) wK.wg. (Ans.)  (iii) †_‡K v = (tv − tv )t
1 2
cÖkœ \ 27 \ GKRb gvwSi ùvo †e‡q 15 wK.wg. †h‡Z Ges †mLvb ev,
1 1
v = v( − ) t
†_‡K wd‡i Avm‡Z 4 NÈv mgq jv‡M| †m †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j hZÿ‡Y t t 1 2
t −t
5 wK.wg. hvq, †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j ZZÿ‡Y 3 wK.wg. hvq| ùv‡oi †eM 1 = ( − )t = 
1 1 2 1
ev, t t  t t t
I †mªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki| 1 2 1 2
t1t2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ùv‡oi †eM NÈvq u wK.wg Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM  t=
t 2 − t1
NÈvq v wK.wg. t1t2
Zvn‡j, †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †eM NÈvq (u + v) wK.wg. wb‡Y©q mgq t − t wgwbU (Ans.)
2 1
cÖkœ \ 29 \ GKwU bj Øviv 12 wgwb‡U GKwU †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq| Aci cÖkœ \ 32 \ K, L I M Gi g‡a¨ 260 UvKv Giƒ‡c fvM K‡i `vI
GKwU bj Øviv 1 wgwb‡U Zv †_‡K 15 wjUvi cvwb †ei K‡i †`q| †hb K Gi As‡ki 2 ¸Y, L Gi As‡ki 3 ¸Y Ges M Gi As‡ki 4
†PŠev”PvwU Lvwj _vKv Ae¯’vq `yBwU bj GKm‡½ Ly‡j †Ìqv nq Ges ¸Y ci¯úi mgvb nq|
†PŠev”PvwU 48 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq| †PŠev”PvwU‡Z KZ wjUvi cvwb a‡i? mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, K Ask x UvKv, L Ask y UvKv Ges M Ask z UvKv
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g bj +Øviv cÖwZ wgwb‡U p wjUvi cvwb cÖ‡ek cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2x = 3y = 4z
K‡i Ges †PŠev”PvwU‡Z †gvU q wjUvi cvwb a‡i| GLv‡b, 2x = 3y
cÖkœvbymv‡i, cÖ_g bj Øviv 12 wgwb‡U Lvwj †PŠev”PvwU c~Y© nq 2
ev, y = 3 x
 q = 12p  (i) 2 1
Avevi, `yBwU bj Øviv 48 wgwb‡U Lvwj †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq Avevi, 4z = 2x ev, z = 4 x  z = 2 x
 q = 48p − 48  15  (ii) GLb, x + y + z = 260
q 2 1
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB, p = 12 ev, x + 3 x + 2 x = 260
GLb, p Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii)-G ewm‡q cvB, ev,
6x + 4x + 3x
= 260
q 6
q = 48  − 48 15 13x
12 ev, 6 = 260
ev, q = 4q − 48  15
ev, 4q − q = 48 15
ev, 13x = 6  260
6  260
48  15 ev, x =  x = 120
ev, 3q = 48.15  q =
3
= 240 13
myZivs, †PŠev”PvwU‡Z †gvU 240 wjUvi cvwb a‡i| (Ans.) (2 )
AZGe, K cv‡e 120 UvKv, L cv‡e 3  120 UvKv ev 80 UvK
cÖkœ \ 30 \ GKwU Kjg 11 UvKvq weµq Ki‡j 10% jvf nq| 1
KjgwUi µqg~j¨ KZ? (
Ges M cv‡e 2  120 UvKv ev 60 UvKv (Ans.) )
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, KjgwUi µqg~j¨ C UvKv cÖkœ \ 33 \ GKwU `ªe¨ x% ÿwZ‡Z weµq Ki‡j †h g~j¨ cvIqv hvq,
10% jv‡f KjgwUi weµqg~j¨ = C + C Gi 10% 3x% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j Zvi †P‡q 18x UvKv †ewk cvIqv hvq|
10 `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ KZ wQj?
= C+C ( 100 )
UvKv
mgvavb : g‡bKwi, `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ C UvKv
10
=C 1+ ( ) UvKv  x% ÿwZ‡Z weµqg~j¨ (C − C Gi x%) UvKv
100
1
= C(1 + ) UvKv
10
= (C − C  100x )UvKv
Cx
= (C −
100)
UvKv
( 1)
cÖkœvbymv‡i, C 1 + 10 = 11
Ges 3x% jv‡f weµqg~j¨ (C + C Gi 3x%) UvKv
10 + 1
C(
10 )
ev, = 11 3x
11
= (C + C  100 )UvKv
ev, C( ) = 11 3Cx
= (C +
100 )
10 UvKv
11  10
ev, C = 11  C = 10
3Cx Cx
A_©vr, KjgwUi µqg~j¨ 10 UvKv| (Ans.) ( ) (
cÖkœg‡Z, C + 100 − C − 100 = 18x )
cÖkœ \ 31 \ GKwU LvZv 36 UvKvq weµq Kivq hZ ÿwZ n‡jv, 72 3Cx Cx
UvKvq weµq Ki‡j Zvi wØ¸Y jvf n‡Zv, LvZvwUi µqg~j¨ KZ? ev, C + 100 − C + 100 = 18x
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, LvZvwUi µqg~j¨ x UvKv 3Cx Cx
Zvn‡j, LvZvwU 36 UvKvq weµq Kivq ÿwZ n‡jv (x − 36) UvKv ev, 100 + 100 = 18x
Ges 72 UvKvq weµq Kivq jvf n‡jv (72 − x) UvKv Cx
ev, 100 (3 + 1) = 18x
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 72 − x = 2.(x − 36)
Cx
ev, 72 − x = 2x − 72 ev, 100  4 = 18x
ev, 2x − 72 = 72 − x Cx
ev, 2x + x = 72 + 72 ev, 25 = 18x
ev, 3x = 144 25  18x
ev, C = x  C = 450
144
ev, x = 3  x = 48 AZGe, `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ 450 UvKv| (Ans.)
myZivs, LvZvwUi µqg~j¨ 48 UvKv (Ans.) cÖkœ \ 34 \ gybvdvi GKB nv‡i 300 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv I
400 UvKvi 5 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv GK‡Î 148 UvKv n‡j, kZKiv
gybvdvi nvi KZ?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, kZKiv gybvdvi nvi r% ev, 115r − 90r = 30 − 23
GLv‡b, g~jab (P) = 300 UvKv, mgq (n) = 4 eQi ev, 25r = 7
Avgiv Rvwb, I = Pnr r=
7
Zvn‡j, 1g kZ©vbymv‡i I1 = Pnr = 300.4. r = 1200r 25
7
Ges 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, I2 = Pnr  gybvdvinvi = 25  100% = 28%| (Ans.)
 P = 400 UvKv
= 400.5.r  cÖkœ \ 37 \ kZKiv evwl©K 5 UvKv nvi mij gybvdvq KZ UvKv 13
 n = 5 eQi  eQ‡i me„w×g~j 985 UvKv n‡e?
= 2000r mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, S = P (1 + nr)
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 1200r + 2000r = 148 [ I1 + I2 = 148]
GLv‡b, g~jab = P UvKv
ev, (1200 + 2000)r = 148 n = 13 eQi
ev, 3200r = 148 s = 5 UvKv
148
ev, r = 3200 s
= 100 = 100
 r
5
148  100 5
ev, r = 3200 %  r = 4 8 % ev, 4.625% †Ìqv Av‡Q, S = 985 UvKv
5
myZivs gybvdvi nvi 4.625% (Ans.) (
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 985 = P 1 + 13 . 100 )
cÖkœ \ 35 \ 4% nvi gybvdvq †Kv‡bv UvKvi 2 eQ‡ii gybvdv I
13
Pµe„w× gybvdvi cv_©K¨ 1 UvKv n‡j, g~jab KZ?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, g~jab = P UvKv
ev, 985 = P 1 + 20 ( )
33
GLv‡b, n = 2 eQi ev, 985 = P  20
r = 4% 985  20
Avgiv Rvwb, mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î I = Pnr = P  2  4% ev, P = 33  P = 59697 (cÖvq)
=P2
4 2P
UvKv = 25 UvKv wb‡Y©q g~jab 59697 UvKv (cÖvq)| (Ans.)
100
Pµe„w×i †ÿ‡Î me„w×g~j C n‡j, C = P(1 + r)2 cÖkœ \ 38 \ kZKiv evwl©K 5 UvKv nvi gybvdvq KZ UvKv 12 eQ‡i
4
2
1
2 me„w×g~j 1248 UvKv n‡e?
=P 1+( ) ( )
100
2
=P 1+
25 mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, S = P (1 + nr)
GLv‡b, P = g~jab
26 26 26 676
=P ()
25
= P. . =
25 25 625
P n = 12 eQi
s = 5 UvKv
 Pµe„w× gybvdv = me„w×g~j − g~jab
s 5
=C−P=
676
P−P
 r = 100 = 100
625
†Ìqv Av‡Q, S = 1248 UvKv
676 − 625
−1 P=
676 51
= ( 625 )  625 P = 625 p (
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 1248 = P 1 + 12  100
5
)
51P 2P
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 625 − 25 = 1 3
ev, 1248 = P (1 + )
51P − 50P 5
ev, =1 8
625 ev, 1248 = P . 5
P
ev, 625 = 1 1248  5
ev, P = 8  P = 780
 P= 625
A_©vr, g~jab 625 UvKv| (Ans.) A_©vr, g~jab 780 UvKv| (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 39 \ 5% nvi gybvdvq 8000 UvKvi 3 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv I
cÖkœ \ 36 \ †Kv‡bv Avmj 3 eQ‡i mij gybvdvmn 460 UvKv Ges 5 Pµe„w× gybvdvi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|
eQ‡i mij gybvdvmn 600 UvKv n‡j, kZKiv gybvdvi nvi KZ?
mgvavb : GLv‡b, P = 8000 UvKv
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, A = P(I + nr) UvKv
†hLv‡b, n = wbw`©ó mgq n = 3 eQi
5
P = g~jab r = 5% =
100
r = GKK mg‡q GKK g~ja‡bi gybvdv
mij gybvdvi †¶‡Î, I = Pnr
A = n mgq c‡i gybvdvmn g~jab
1
1g kZ©vbymv‡i, A = P(1 + 3r) = 460 (i) 400 5
2q kZ©vbymv‡i, A = P(1 + 5r) = 600 (ii) = 8000  3 
100
UvKv
201
mgxKiY (ii) †K (i) Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
P(1 + 5r) 600 = 1200 UvKv
=
P(1 + 3r) 460 Pµe„ w × gy bvdvi †¶‡Î me„ w×g~j,
n
1 + 5r 30
ev, 1 + 3r = 23 C = P (1 + r)
3
ev, 23(1 + 5r) = 30(1 + 3r)
ev, 23 + 115r = 30 + 90r
= 8000 (1 + 1005 ) UvKv
3 1
= 8000 (1 + 201 ) UvKv 3
(L) ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x + x = 3
2 2
20 + 1
= 8000 (
20 )
3
UvKv Avgiv Rvwb, ( ) ( ) 1 x−
2
1
x
= x + x − 4xx
1
21
= 8000 ( ) UvKv 1
ev, (x − x) = (3) − 4 [gvb ewm‡q] 2
20
120 2
1 1
400 ev, (x − x) = 9 − 4 = 5  x − x = 5
8000.21.21.21
=
20  20  20
UvKv 3
1 1 1 1
1 1 1  cÖ`Ë ivwk = x − = (x − ) + 3x (x − )
3
3
x x x x
= 21  21  21 UvKv = 9261 UvKv
 Pµe„w× gybvdv = C – P = ( 5) + 31 5
3
[gvb ewm‡q]
= (9261 – 8000) UvKv = 1261 UvKv =5 5+3 5=8 5
 Dfq gybvdvi cv_©K¨ = (1261 − 1200) UvKv = 61 UvKv| wb‡Y©q gvb 8 5
wb‡Y©q cv_©K¨ 61 UvKv| 1
cÖkœ \ 40 \ wgwói Dci g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki (VAT) x%| GKRb (
(M) GLv‡b, x3 + x3)(x + x1 ) 2
2
we‡µZv f¨vUmn P UvKvi wgwó weµq Ki‡j Zuv‡K KZ f¨vU w`‡Z 1 1 1 1

= x + + x + = (x + ) + (x + )
5 5
n‡e? x = 15, P = 2300 n‡j, f¨v‡Ui cwigvY KZ? x x x x 5 5
mgvavb : g‡bKwi, f¨vU ev‡` weµqg~j¨ C UvKv 1 1 1

 x + = (x + )(x + ) − (x + )
5 3
1 2
5 3 2
Cx x x x x
x% f¨vUmn wgwói weµqg~j¨ (
= C+ ) UvKv
100
3
1 1
3
1 1
GLv‡b, x + x = (x + x) − 3xx (x + x)
3
x
( ) UvKv
= C 1 + 100
= 33 − 313 = 27 − 9 = 18
x
(
kZ©vbymv‡i, C 1 + 100 = P ) 1
( 1)
2
Ges x2 + x2 = x + x − 2xx = 32 − 21 = 9 − 2 = 7
1
P P 100P
ev, C = = = 1
1+
x 100 + x 100 + x  x5 +
x5
= 18.7 − 3 [ gvb ewm‡q ]
100 100
100P = 126 − 3 = 123 (cÖgvwYZ)
 f¨v‡Ui cwigvY (P − C) UvKv = P − 100 + x UvKv
( ) cÖkœ \ 42 \ †Kv‡bv mwgwZi m`m¨MY cÖ‡Z¨‡KB m`m¨ msL¨vi 100
100P + Px − 100P ¸Y Puv`v †Ìqvi wm×všÍ wb‡jb| wKš‘ 4 Rb m`m¨ Puv`v bv
= 100 + x
UvKv †Ìqvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Puv`vi cwigvY c~‡e©i †P‡q 500 UvKv †e‡o †Mj|
=
Px
UvKv K. mwgwZi m`m¨ msL¨v x Ges †gvU Puv`vi cwigvY A n‡j, G‡ì
100 + x g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbY©q Ki|
GLb, x = 15 Ges P = 2300 n‡j, L. mwgwZi m`m¨ msL¨v I †gvU Puv`vi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
15  2300 1
f¨v‡Ui cwigvY = 100 + 15 UvKv [x I p Gi gvb ewm‡q] M. †gvU Puv`vi 4 Ask 5% nv‡i Ges Aewkó UvKv 4% nv‡i 2
15  2300 eQ‡ii Rb¨ mij gybvdvq wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| †gvU gybvdv
= UvKv = 300 UvKv
115 wbY©q Ki|
AZGe, we‡µZv‡K f¨vU w`‡Z n‡e (100px+ x) UvKv Ges f¨v‡Ui mgvavb :
cwigvY 300 UvKv| (Ans.) K. g‡b Kwi, mwgwZi m`m¨ msL¨v x Rb
Ges RbcÖwZ †`q Puv`vi cwigvY 100x UvKv
cÖkœ \ 41 \ †Kv‡bv msL¨v I H msL¨vi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ msL¨vi mgwó 3 Zvn‡j, †gvU Puv`v A = x  100x UvKv = 100x2 UvKv (Ans.)
K. msL¨vwU‡K x Pj‡K cÖKvk K‡i Dc‡ii Z_¨‡K GKwU L. 4 Rb m`m¨ Puv`v bv †Ìqvq, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ m`m¨ msL¨v wQj
mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| (x − 4) Rb Ges Puv`v n‡jv (100x + 500) UvKv
1
L. x3 − x3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| cÖkœvbymv‡i, (x − 4)(100x + 500) = 100x2
ev, 100x2 + 500x − 400x − 2000 = 100x2
1
M. cÖgvY Ki x5 + x5 = 123 ev, 100x = 2000
2000
mgvavb : ev, x = 100
(K) g‡b Kwi, msL¨vwU x  x = 20
1  mwgwZi m`m¨ msL¨v = 20 Rb Ges
 x Gi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ †gvU Puv`vi cwigvY = 100x2 UvKv
x
1
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY, x + x = 3 = 100  (20)2 UvKv
= 100  400 UvKv
= 40000 UvKv
 mwgwZi m`m¨ msL¨v 20 Rb Ges †gvU Puv`vi cwigvY 1
Avgiv Rvwb, I1 = P1nr1 = 10000  2  20 = 1000 UvKv
40000 UvKv| (Ans.)
4 1
1 1 Avevi, 4% nv‡i, r2 = 100 = 25 UvKv
(
M. †gvU UvKvi 4 Ask = 4  40000 UvKv ) mgq, n = 2 eQi
= 10000 UvKv
g~jab, P2 = 30000 UvKv
 Aewkó UvKv = (40000 − 10000) UvKv gybvdv, I2 = ?
= 30000 UvKv 1
5 1 Avgiv Rvwb, I2 = P2nr2 = 30000  2  25 = 2400 UvKv
5% nv‡i, r1 = = UvKv
100 20 †gvU gybvdv, I = I1 + I2 = (1000 + 2400) UvKv
mgq, n = 2 eQi = 3400 UvKv (Ans.)
g~jab, P1 = 10000 UvKv
gybvdv, I1 = ?

1. 2% gybvdvi 600 UvKvi 2 eQ‡ii gybvdv KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 2400 UvKv L 600 UvKv  24 UvKv N 6 UvKv K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
2. jvf-ÿwZ welqK m~Î : S = C(1 + r) Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
†KvbwU n‡e?
 jvf L ÿwZ
evwl©K kZKiv 5 UvKv nv‡i 500 UvKvi 3 eQ‡ii−
M µqg~j¨ = weµqg~j¨ N µqg~j¨  weµqg~j¨
4. mij gybvdv KZ n‡e?
K 25 UvKv L 50 UvKv  75 UvKv N 100 UvKv
3. jvf-ÿwZi †ÿ‡Î−
5. Pµe„w× gybvdv KZ n‡e?
i. µqg~j¨ − weµqg~j¨ = ÿwZ ii. weµqg~j¨ − µqg~j¨ = jvf
K 41.81 UvKv L 51.25 UvKv  78.81 UvKv N 78.95 UvKv
iii. jvf ev ÿwZ µqg~‡jï Dci wbf©i K‡i

13. ˆ`wbK 8 NÈv cwikªg K‡i 50 Rb †jvK GKwU KvR 12 w`‡b
36 : ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b exRMvwYwZK m~Î MVb Ki‡j 1 Rb †jv‡Ki KvRwU Ki‡Z KZ NÈv cwikªg Ki‡Z
I cÖ‡qvM n‡e? (ga¨g)
K 48 L 480  4800 N 48000
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 14. K I L GK‡Î GKwU KvR d w`‡b †kl Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv 1
6. cÖvc¨ q UvKv n‡j, n R‡bi †`q ev cÖvc¨ KZ? (mnR) w`‡b KvRwUi KZ Ask †kl K‡i? (mnR)
K n/q L q/n  qn N q+n 1 6 7
 Ld M N
7. ˆ`wbK m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY q n‡j, d w`‡b m¤úvw`Z d d d
Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ? (mnR)
15. iwng †h KvR 10 w`‡b m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i, Kwig †m KvR 30
 qd L q+d M q/d N q–d
w`‡b m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKB mg‡q iwng, Kwi‡gi KZ¸Y
8. q% e„w×‡Z a Gi ewa©Z gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) KvR K‡i? (mnR)
1
 a+a (100q ) L a+
q
100
M a–
q
100
N q+
a
100
K
3
L2 3 N4
9. g~jab p UvKv, wbw`©ó mgq n, gybvdvi nvi r n‡j, mij 16. n K‡ji g~j¨ p UvKv n‡j, 10wU K‡ji g~j¨ KZ UvKv? (mnR)
gybvdv I = KZ? (mnR) 10p 10n
 L 10p M 10np N
P n p
 Pnr L P2nr M N (Pr)n 17. GKwU Kjg 11 UvKvq weµq Ki‡j 10% jvf nq| KjgwUi
nr
10. Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) µqg~j¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
K P(1 + nr) L P(1 + r)  P(1 + r)n N P + nr  10 L 11 M 12 N 15
11. cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i ˆ`wbK Kv‡Ri cwigvY x n‡j q Rb e¨w³i n 18. 36 UvKvq µq K‡i †Kvb `ªe¨ KZ UvKvq weµq Ki‡j 40%
w`‡bi Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ? (mnR) jvf n‡e? (KwVb)
qx nx qn K 500 UvKv  504 UvKv M 520 UvKv N 650 UvKv
K L  nxq N
n q x
12. iv‡k` GKwU KvR 12 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m d w`‡b KvRwUi 19. wgwói Ici f¨vU x% n‡j p UvKvi wgwói `vg KZ? (ga¨g)
px px
KZ Ask Ki‡e? (mnR) Kp+
1000
 p+
100
12 d d
K  M 12d N M p(100 + x) N 100p + x
d 12 6
20. 5% nvi gybvdvi 500 UvKvi 2 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv KZ UvKv? (ga¨g)
K 20  50 M 80 N 120
5 1
e¨vL¨v : mij gybvdv, I = Pnr = 500  2  100 = 50 UvKv| iii. Zviv GK‡Î GKw`‡b K‡i KvRwUi 4 Ask
21. kZKiv evwl©K 450 UvKv nvi gybvdvq 450 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
gybvdv KZ UvKv? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 72 L 79  81 N 85
22. kZKiv evwl©K 5 UvKv nvi gybvdvq 500 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii 29. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. cÖ‡Z¨‡K q UvKv K‡i w`‡j, n msL¨K †jv‡K †`q qn UvKv
gybvdv KZ? (ga¨g)
K 70 UvKv L 80 UvKv M 90 UvKv  100 UvKv
ii. Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W = qnx GLv‡b, x †gvU mgq
5 iii. mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î I = (1 + r)n
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, r = 100, P = 500, n = 4
5
 gybvdv, I = Pnr = 500  4  UvKv = 100 UvKv  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
100
23. †ivKb GKwU cY¨ wKbj, hvi g~j¨ 220 UvKv + 15% f¨vU| 30. †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j t1 NÈvq x wK.wg Ges AbyK‚‡j H c_ †h‡Z
cY¨wU wKb‡Z Zv‡K KZ UvKv w`‡Z n‡e? (ga¨g) t2 NÈv jvM‡j−
K 212 UvKv L 175 UvKv  253 UvKv N 223 UvKv x
i. †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j NÈvq MwZ‡eM wK.wg
15 t1
( )
e¨vL¨v : cY¨wUi g~j¨ = 220 + 220  100 UvKv = 253 UvKv|
ii.
x
†mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j NÈvq MwZ‡eM t2 wK.wg
24. GKwU `ªe¨ µqg~‡jï mgvb jvf Kivq weµqg~j¨ cvIqv †Mj
390 UvKv, `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ KZ UvKv?
K 95  195 M 290
(ga¨g)
N 390
†bŠKvi †eM NÈvq t2 − t1 wK.wg
iii. (x x )
e¨vL¨v : awi, `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ x UvKv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
 jvf = weµqg~j¨ − µqg~j¨  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ev, x = 390 − x
31. 10% nvi gybvdvq 200 UvKvi 3 eQ‡ii Pµe„w× gybvdv 66
ev, x + x = 390 ev, 2x = 390,  x = 195
UvKv n‡jÑ
25. kZKiv evwl©K 7 UvKv nvi mij gybvdvi 650 UvKvi KZ i. mij gybvdv 60 UvKv
eQ‡ii gybvdv 273 UvKv? (ga¨g) ii. Pµe„w× gybvdvq me„w× g~jab 266 UvKv
K1 L2 M3 6 iii. Pµe„w× gybvdv I mij gybvdvi cv_©K¨ 6 UvKv
7
e¨vL¨v : r = 100, P = 650, I = 273, n = ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
Avgiv Rvwb, I = Pnr K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
I 273
n=
Pr
=
7
=6 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
650 
100
26. 4% nvi mij gybvdvq 500 UvKvi 2 eQ‡ii me„w×g~j KZ †Uwj‡dvb K‡ji msL¨v n| cÖwZ K‡ji g~j¨ p Ges Zvi fvov r UvKv|
n‡e? (ga¨g) 32. †gvU K‡ji g~j¨ KZ UvKv? (mnR)
K 450 UvKv  540 UvKv M 520 UvKv N 550 UvKv n p
 pn L M N n+p
4 p n
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, I = Prn = 500  100  2 = 40 UvKv 33. fvov I †gvU K‡ji g~j¨ eve` KZ UvKv? (mnR)
 me„w×g~j = (500 + 40) UvKv = 540 UvKv K prn L rn + p  r + np N r+n+p
34. K‡ji g~j¨ x% e„w× †c‡j †gvU K‡ji g~j¨ KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi x
K pn(100 + x) (
 pn 1 +
100 )
M pn(100x + 1) N pnx
i. mij gybvdvi m~Î I = Prn  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 35 I 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. Pµe„w× gybvdvi m~Î C = P(1 + r)n wgRvb m¨v‡Ûj wKb‡Z wM‡q †`Lj m¨v‡Û‡ji g~j¨ †jLv Av‡Q 220
iii. 5% nv‡i 500 UvKvi 3 eQ‡ii gybvdv = 75 UvKv UvKv + 15% f¨vU|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 35. m¨v‡Û‡j †gvU f¨v‡Ui cwigvY KZ UvKv? (mnR)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 30 UvKv L 32 UvKv  33 UvKv N 42 UvKv
e¨vL¨v : i. mwVK KviY mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î gybvdv I = Pnr 36. m¨v‡Û‡ji †gvU g~j¨ KZ UvKv? (ga¨g)
ii. mwVK bq Pµe„w× gybvdvi m~Î I = C − P  253 UvKv L 250 UvKv M 272 UvKv N 242 UvKv
iii. mwVK KviY, mij gybvdv I = Prn  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 37 − 39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
= 500 
3
 3 = 75 UvKv
GKwU `ªe¨ x% ÿwZ‡Z weµq Ki‡j †h g~j¨ cvIqv hvq, 3x% jv‡f
100 weµq Ki‡j Zvi †P‡q 18x UvKv †ewk cvIqv hvq| `ªe¨wUi µqg~j¨ p UvKv|
28. wgZv GKwU KvR 6 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wiZv †m KvR 12 w`‡b 37. x% ÿwZ‡Z weµqg~j¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
Ki‡Z cvi‡jÑ 100 − x
K p−x
1
L p+x M px p
 100 
i. wgZv GKw`‡b K‡i KvRwUi 6 Ask 38. 3x% jv‡f weµqg~j¨ KZ? (KwVb)
1 K p + 3x L p − 3x
ii. wiZv GKw`‡b K‡i KvRwUi 12 Ask
K 1000 L 530  525 N 500
p (100100+ 3x) N
3px
100 42. mij gybvdv I Pµe„w× gybvdvi cv_©K¨ KZ UvKv?
0 L 25 M 50 N 500
(mnR)
39. Dfq weµqg~‡jï cv_©K¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
px  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 43 I 44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

25
L px M 25px N 100px1000 UvKvq Pµe„w× nvi gybvdv 5 UvKv|
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 40 − 42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 43. 1 eQ‡ii me„w×g~j wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
5% nvi gybvdvq 500 UvKv 1 eQ‡ii Rb¨ e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡j GK K 1102 L 805 UvKv M 1285 UvKv  1050 UvKv
eQi c‡i− 44. 2 eQ‡ii Pµe„w× gybvdv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 39750 UvKv  10250 UvKv
40. mij gybvdv KZ UvKv? (ga¨g)
K 24  25 M 45 N 50 M 503 UvKv N 201 UvKv
41. Pµe„w× g~jab KZ UvKv? (ga¨g)

45. †Kv‡bv e¯‘i MwZ‡eM NÈvq q wgUvi n‡j, t NÈvq GKRb gvwS †bŠKvi †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j t1 NÈvq x wK. wg †h‡Z
AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ d = ? cv‡i| †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j H c‡_ †h‡Z Zvi t2 NÈv jv‡M|
q t t 52. †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi MwZ‡eM NÈvq KZ wK.wg?
 qt wgUvi L wgUvi M wgUvi N wgUvi
t q qt
t1 x
46. K †h KvR x w`‡b m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i, L †m KvR 3x w`‡b K xt1 L
x

t1
N x + t1
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKB mg‡q K, L Gi KZ ¸Y KvR
53. w¯’i cvwb‡Z †bŠKvi MwZ‡eM NÈvq KZ wK.wg?
K‡i?
x 1 1
K2¸Y L 2 ¸Y
2
1
 3 ¸Y N 4 ¸Y  +
2 t1 t2
L 2x +
t1 t2
M ( ) +
x t1 t2 ( 1 1) 2 ( 1 1) N 2x (t1 − t1)
1 2
47. GKwU Kjg 10 UvKvq µq K‡i 10% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j 54. †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq KZ wK.wg?
KjgwUi weµqg~j¨ KZ UvKv? 1 1 1 1 x
 11 L 12 M 20 N 21
K 2x (t − t ) x (t − t )
2 1
L
1 2
M
2
48. GKwU `ª‡eï µqg~j¨ a UvKv `ªe¨wU b% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j
Gi weµqg~j¨ KZ UvKv n‡e? (t1 − t1) x2 (t1 − t1)
1 2

2 1
a b a  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 55 − 57 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K ( )
ab +
100 (
 a 1+
100 ) (M b 1+
100 ) gybvdvi nvi 4%, g~jab 600 UvKv Ges mgq 4 eQi|
1 55. mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î me„w×g~j KZ UvKv?
( )
N b 1+
100
 696 L 686 M 678 N 650
49. g~jab P, GKK mg‡q GKK g~ja‡bi gybvdv r, mgq n Ges 56. Pµe„w× g~j KZ UvKv?
gybvdvmn g~jab A n‡j, cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î K 70193  70192 M 70142 N 70133
i. I = Pnr 57. mij gy bvdv I Pµe„ w × gy bvdvi cv_© K¨ KZ UvKv?
n
ii. A = P(1 + r)
iii. A = P(1 + r) K 542 L 562  592 N 600
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 58 I 59 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 750 UvKv 7% nvi mij gybvdvq 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ ivLv n‡jv|
1 2
1 2 58. GK eQi ci gybvdvmn KZ n‡e?
( ) ( )
50. i. a + a = 3 n‡j, a − a = −1 K 800 UvKv  80250 UvKv
ii. GKK mg‡q GKK g~ja‡bi gybvdv X UvKv n‡j, Y M 80150 UvKv N 802 UvKv
UvKv wewb‡qv‡M m mgqv‡šÍ me„w×g~j B = Y(1 + X)m 59. wZb eQi ci jvf KZ cvIqv hv‡e?
iii. m‡e©v”P gvÎv wewkó c‡ì gvÎvB eûc`xi gvÎv K 157 UvKv L 15725 UvKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M 150 UvKv  15750 UvKv
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 60 I 61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
51. i. Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î me„w×g~j, C = P(1 + nr) ÔKÕ GKwU KvR 6 w`‡b, ÔLÕ Dnv 12 w`‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ii. 5% nv‡i 400 UvKv 6 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv 120 UvKv 60. Zviv 3 w`‡b KvRwUi KZ Ask Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
iii. Avmj = me„w×g~j − gybvdv 1 1 2 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K L M 
12 3 3 4
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 61. hw` ÔKÕ 2 w`b KvR K‡i P‡j hvq Z‡e Aewkó KvR ÔLÕ
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 − 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : KZw`‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
K 4 w`‡b  6 w`‡b M 10 w`‡b N 12 w`‡b

62. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki:  3+ 2 L 2− 3 M 3− 2 N2+ 3
i. a + b = 7 Ges ab = 12 n‡j, a – b = 1 68.
1
x + = KZ? (ga¨g)
a 1 4 x
ii. a4 + 1 = a2 n‡j, a + a + 1 = 28 4 K 2 L2 2 M 3 2 3
1 1
iii. a2 + 2 = 10 n‡j, a = 2 + 3 69. x − 3 Gi gvb n‡e−
3
x
(ga¨g)
a
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 18 2  22 2 M 24 2 N 26 2
x3 – 7xy2 – 6y3 Ges (x – 2y)2 – y2 `yBwU exRMwYZxq ivwk|
70. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g ivwki gvb k~b¨ nq? (mnR)
i. x = 3 I y = 1 n‡j (x − y)3 = 8 Ky  –y M 2y N – 3y
ii. x = 2 I y = 3 n‡j (x3 − y3) = − 19 71. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ_g ivwki Drcv`K? (ga¨g)
1  (x + 2y) L (x + 3y) M (x – y) N (x + 4y)
iii. p6 = 1 n‡j p3 − 3=1 72. wØZxq ivwki Drcv`K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
p
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K (x + y) L (x – 2y) M (x + 3y)  (x – y)
 i I ii M i I iii L ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 73 − 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x+ =6
i. (a + b)3 a3
= + + 3ab(a + b) b3 x
1
ii. x3 − 1 = 7 n‡j x = 2 73. x2 + x2 = KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. a3 + b3 = (a − b)3 (a2 + ab + b2) K 36  34 M 32 N 30
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 1
Ki  i I ii Mi I iii N i, ii I iii 74. x− = KZ? (ga¨g)
x
65. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K3 L6 M 4  2
1 1 2 2 2
i. a + = 2 n‡j, a −
a a
=0( ) e¨vL¨v :
( x−
1
x )
2 1
= ( x) − 2 x +
x
1
( )
x
1
=x+ −2
x
ii. a3 − b3 = (a − b)3 − 3ab(a − b) =6−2=4
iii. a + b = 6 Ges a − b = 4 n‡j, ab = 5  x−
1
= 4=2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) x
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4x
75. x2 − 3x + 1 = KZ? (KwVb)
66. 2x4 + 16x ivwkwUi Drcv`K¸‡jv n‡jv − 4 3 2 3
i. 2x ii. x + 2 iii. x2 + 4x + 4  L M N
3 4 3 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 4x 4x 4 4 4 1
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : = = = = [ x + = 6 ]
x2 − 3x + 1 1 1 6−3 3 x
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 67 − 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : (
x x−3+
x ) x+ −3
x
x2 − 5 − 2 6 = 0 n‡j,
67. x Gi gvb− (mnR)

œ 1  GKwU abvZ¥K msL¨vi eM© H msL¨vi cuvP¸Y n‡Z 1 Kg|
cÖk- 2
( 1) + 4.x.1x = 25
ev, x − x
K. abvZ¥K msL¨vwU x n‡j †`LvI †h, x + 1x = 5. 2 1 2
ev, (x − x) = 25 − 4
L. x3 − x13 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 2
1
1 ev, (x − x) = 21
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, x5 + 5 = 2525.
x
4
1
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   (x − x) = 21
K abvZ¥K msL¨vwU x n‡j, 1 1 1 1 3
cÖ`Ë ivwk = x − x = (x − x) + 3.x.x (x − x)
3
kZ©vbymv‡i, 5x − x2 = 1 3
ev, x2 + 1 = 5x = ( 21) + 3 21
3
+1x2
ev,x
=5 [Dfqcÿ‡K x Øviv fvM K‡i] = 21 21 + 3 21
1 = 24 21 (Ans.)
 x + x = 5 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 1
1 M ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x + x = 5
L ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x + x = 5
1
1 2 Ges ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x − x = 21
( )
ev, x + x = 25
1 1
∴ (x + x1) (x − x1) = 5 21 ev, x5 − x − x + x5 = 2520
1
ev, x2 − x2 = 5 21 ( 1) ( 1)
ev, x5 + x5 = 2520 + x + x
1 1
(
GLb, x3 − x3 ) (x − x1 ) = 24
2
2 21.5 21 ev, (x + x ) = 2520 + 5 [gvb ewm‡q]
5
5
1 1 1 1
ev, x5 − x3.x2 − x3.x2 + x5 = 2520 ∴ x + = 2525 (cÖgvwYZ)
x

œ 2  eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ GKwU evm 2400 UvKvq fvov Kiv
cÖk-  ev‡mi hvÎx n‡Zv = (50 − 10) Rb = 40 Rb
n‡jv Ges wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡jv †h, cÖ‡Z¨K hvÎx mgvb fvov w`‡e| 2400
10 Rb hvÎx Abycw¯’Z _vKvq gv_vwcQz fvov 8 UvKv e„w× †cj|
ZLb gv_vwcQz fvov n‡Zv = 40 UvKv = 60 UvKv
K. ev‡m hvIqv hvÎx msL¨v x Rb n‡j gv_vwcQz fvov I
me hvÎx eb‡fvR‡b †M‡j gv_vwcQz fvov KZ n‡e? 2
( 25 )
Avevi, c~‡e©i fvovi 25% = 48 Gi 100 UvKv
= (48  4) UvKv = 12 UvKv

L. mgxKiY MVb K‡i ev‡m hvIqv hvÎxi msL¨v I 1
gv_vwcQz fvov wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †`LvI †h, ev‡mi hvÎx msL¨v eb‡fvR‡b hvIqv  ZLb gv_vwcQz fvov n‡Zv = (48 + 12) UvKv = 60 UvKv
hvÎx msL¨vi 20% Kg n‡j gv_vwcQz fvov 25%  ev‡mi hvÎx msL¨v eb‡fvR‡b hvIqv hvÎx msL¨vi 20% Kg
†e‡o †hZ| 4 n‡j gv_vwcQz fvov 25% †e‡o †hZ| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 3  UvKvq 10 wU †jey weµq Kivq n% ÿwZ nq|
cÖk-
K. awi, ev‡mi hvÎx msL¨v = x K. 10 wU †jeyi µqg~j¨ x UvKv n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 2
 Rb cÖwZ fvov = x UvKv
2400 L. z% jvf Ki‡Z n‡j, UvKvq KqwU †jey weµq Ki‡Z n‡e? 4
M. UvKvq 10 wU †jey weµq Kivq 4% ÿwZ nq| 20%
me hvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j hvÎx msL¨v n‡Zv (x + 10) Rb jvf Ki‡Z n‡j, UvKvq KqwU †jey weµq Ki‡Z
2400
ZLb RbcÖwZ fvov n‡Zv x + 10 UvKv n‡e? 4
2400
L. cÖkœg‡Z, x − x + 10 = 8
2400  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
2400(x + 10) − 2400x
K. 10 wU †jeyi µqg~j¨ x UvKv
ev, =8 n
x(x + 10)  n% ÿwZ‡Z 10wU †jeyi weµqg~j¨ = x − x Gi 100 UvKv
( )
ev, 8x(x + 10) = 2400(x + 10) − 2400x
ev, 8x(x + 10) = 2400(x + 10 − x) n
ev, 8x(x + 10) = 2400  10 (
= x 1 − 100 UvKv )
ev, 8x(x + 10) = 24000 x(100 − n)
= 100 UvKv
ev, 8(x + 10x) − 24000 = 0
2
ev, 8(x2 + 10x − 3000) = 0 x(100 − n)

cÖkœg‡Z, 100 = 1
ev, x + 10x − 3000 = 0
2 [Dfqcÿ‡K 8 Øviv fvM K‡i]
ev, x2 + 60x − 50x − 3000 = 0 ev, x(100 − n) = 100 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
100
ev, x(x + 60) − 50(x + 60) = 0  x = 100 − n
ev, (x + 60)(x − 50) = 0 100
nq, x + 60 = 0 A_ev, x − 50 = 0  10wU †jeyi µqg~j¨ = UvKv (Ans)
100 − n
 x = −60  x = 50 L. g‡b Kwi, UvKvq ywU †jey weµq Ki‡j z% jvf n‡e|
†h‡nZz x hvÎx msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i| †m‡nZz, x KL‡bvB 100
FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| 10wU †jeyi µqg~j¨ UvKv
100 − n
x = 50 100y
A_©vr, ev‡m 50 Rb hvÎx wM‡qwQj|  ywU †jeyi µqg~j¨ 10(100 − n) UvKv
Rb cÖwZ fvov =
2400
UvKv = 48 UvKv  z% jv‡f ywU †jeyi weµqg~j¨
50 100y 100y z
wb‡Y©q hvÎxmsL¨v 50 Rb Ges RbcÖwZ fvov 48 UvKv| = +
10(100 − n) 10(100 − n)
Gi 100 UvKv
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, eb‡fvR‡b hvIqv hvÎxi msL¨v 50 Rb| 100y z
Zvn‡j 50 Rb Gi 20% = 50 Gi 100 Rb( 20 ) (
= 10(100 − n) 1 + 100 UvKv )
100y 100 + z y(100 + z)
= (50  5) Rb = 10 Rb
1 ( )
= 10(100 − n) 100 UvKv = 10(100 − n) UvKv
y(100 + z) r = GKK mg‡q GKK g~ja‡bi gybvdv
cÖkœg‡Z, 10(100 − n) = 1
C = n mgq c‡i gybvdvmn g~jab
ev, y(100 + z) = 10(100 − n) [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
10(100 − n) L. Avgiv Rvwb, I = Pnr
 y = (100 + z) GLv‡b, P = 750 UvKv
10(100 − n) n = 4 eQi
 UvKvq wU †jey weµq Ki‡j z% jvf n‡e| (Ans) 1 13
100 + z
s=6 =
2 2
10(100 − n)
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, z% jvf Ki‡Z n‡j UvKvq 100 + z wU †jey 13
s 2 13 13
weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| r= = =
100 100 2  100 200
=
GLv‡b, n = 4, z = 20 15 13
10(100 − 4)  I = 750  4  = 195
 UvKvq weµq Kiv †jeyi msL¨v = 100 + 20 wU 200
50
10  96  4 eQ‡ii me„w×g~j = (750 + 195) UvKv = 945 UvKv (Ans)
= 120 wU = 8wU
 UvKvq 8wU †jey weµq Ki‡Z n‡e| (Ans) M. Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î,
œ 4  evwl©K kZKiv 612 nvi mij gybvdvq 750 UvKv 4 eQ‡ii
cÖk- Avgiv Rvwb,
Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| C = P(1 + r)n [†hLv‡b C Pµe„w×i †ÿ‡Î me„w× g~j]
13 4 200 + 13 4
K. mij gybvdv I Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î me„w×
g~ja‡bi m~Î †jL| 2
 C = 750 1 + ( )
200
= 750 ( 200 )
213 4
L. me„w×g~j wbY©q Ki|
M. hw` Pµe„w× gybvdvq wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡Zv Z‡e
4 = 750  ( )
200
= 96485
 Pµe„w× gybvdv = (96485 − 75000) UvKv

gybvdv KZ UvKv †ewk n‡Zv? 4
= 21485 UvKv
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ÔLÕ-n‡Z cÖvß, mij gybvdv 195 UvKv
K. mij gybvdv, I = Pnr  Pµe„w× gybvdv †ewk n‡e = (21485 − 19500) UvKv
Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î me„w× g~jab, C = P(1 + r)n = 1985 UvKv (Ans)
†hLv‡b I = n mgq c‡i gybvdv
n = wbw`©ó mgq
P = g~jab

œ 5  K' GKwU KvR K‡i p w`‡b Ges L' K‡i 2p w`‡b| Zviv
cÖk-
GK‡Î GKwU KvR Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges K‡qKw`b ci K KvRwU
= (22p+ 1) Ask = 2p3 Ask
Amgvß †i‡L P‡j †Mj| evwK KvRUzKz L r w`‡b †kl K‡i| 3(x − r)
K I L GK‡Î (x − r) w`‡b K‡i Ask
K. KvRwU me©‡gvU x w`‡b †kl n‡j, K I L GK‡Î 2p
Ges L Gi GKv Kv‡Ri Ask †ei Ki| 2 r
Ges L GKv r w`‡b K‡i 2p Ask (Ans)
2
L. †`LvI †h, KvRwU 3(r + p) w`‡b †kl n‡qwQj| 4 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB,
M. r = 15 Ges p = 30 n‡j KvRwU KZ w`‡b †kl nq? 3(x − r)
(K + L) Gi (x − r) w`‡bi KvR Ask
K Gi ˆ`wbK gRywi 200 UvKv Ges L Gi ˆ`wbK 2P
gRywi 100 UvKv n‡j †`LvI †h, K Gi gRywi L Gi r
Ges L Gi r w`‡bi KvR 2P Ask
gRywii mgvb| 4
3(x − r) r
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cÖkœg‡Z, 2p
+ =1
2p
[m¤ú~Y© KvR = 1]
K. awi, KvRwU me©‡gvU x w`‡b †kl nq| 3(x − r) + r
ev, =1
 K I L GK‡Î KvR K‡i (x − r) w`‡b Ges L GKv K‡i r w`‡b 2p
3x − 3r + r
1
K 1 w`‡b K‡i KvRwUi p Ask ev, 2p
=1
1 3x − 2r
L 1 w`‡b K‡i KvRwUi 2p Ask ev, 2p = 1
ev, 3x − 2r = 2p
K I L GK‡Î 1 w`‡b K‡i KvRwUi (1p + 2p1 ) Ask ev, 3x = 2r + 2p
2r + 2p ev, (x + 60)(x − 50) = 0
ev, x = 3 nq, x + 60 = 0 A_ev, x − 50 = 0
2(r + p)
ev, x = 3  x = 3
2(r + p)  x = − 60  x = 50
†h‡nZz x hvÎx msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i AZGe x KL‡bvB FYvZ¥K
2(r + p)
 KvRwU
3
w`‡b †kl n‡qwQj| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 x = 50 (Ans)
M. r = 15 Ges p = 30 n‡j,
M. (i) †h‡nZz x = 50 [ÔLÕ †_‡K]
2(15 + 30)
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, mgq = 3
= 30 w`‡b (Ans)  ev‡m 50 Rb hvÎx wM‡qwQj|
 K KvR K‡i (x − r) w`b 2400
Ges Rb cÖwZ fvov = 50 UvKv = 48 UvKv
= (30 − 15) w`b
= 15 w`b  ev‡m hvÎx msL¨v 50 Rb Ges RbcÖwZ fvov 48 UvKv| (Ans)
Ges L KvR K‡i 30 w`b| (ii) me hvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j hvÎx msL¨v (x + 10) Rb
 K Gi gRywi = 15  200 UvKv = 3000 UvKv = (50 + 10) Rb = 60 Rb
L Gi gRywi = 30  100 UvKv = 3000 UvKv 2400
 RbcÖwZ fvov = 60 UvKv = 40 UvKv
K Gi gRywi = L Gi gRywi (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 me hvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j RbcÖwZ fvov n‡Zv 40 UvKv| (Ans)
œ 6  eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ 2400 UvKvq evm fvov Kiv n‡jv
cÖk- cÖk-œ 7  †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j GKRb gvwS d wKwg hvq p NÈvq|
Ges cÖ‡Z¨K hvÎx mgvb fvov enb Ki‡e wVK Kij| 10 Rb hvÎx †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j H c_ †h‡Z q NÈv mgq jv‡M|
bv Avmvq gv_vwcQy fvov 8 UvKv e„w× †cj|
K. †bŠKvi MwZ‡eM NÈvq b wK.wg Ges †mªv‡Zi
K. hvÎx msL¨v x n‡j RbcÖwZ fvov Ges me hvÎx
Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j RbcÖwZ fvov KZ? 2 MwZ‡eM NÈvq c wK.wg n‡j, b I c Gi gvb
L. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K GKwU mgxKiY MVb Ki Ges wbY©‡qi Rb¨ `ywU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
mgxKiYwU mgvavb K‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 L. †bŠKvi MwZ‡eM b I †mªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM c wbY©q Ki| 4
M. (i) ev‡m KZRb hvÎx wM‡qwQj Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K KZ M. Av‡iKRb gvwSi †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j 20 wK.wg †h‡Z
UvKv fvov w`‡Z nj? 4 †h mgq jv‡M †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j H c_ wd‡i Avm‡Z
(ii) me hvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j cÖ‡Z¨K‡K KZ UvKv Gi wØ¸Y mgq jv‡M| Avmv-hvIqvi †gvU mgq 12
fvov w`‡Z n‡Zv? NÈv n‡j, †bŠKv I †mªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM †ei Ki| 4
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ev‡mi hvÎx msL¨v x Rb K. †bŠKvi MwZ‡eM NÈvq b wK.wg Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq c
 RbcÖwZ fvov
2400
UvKv wK.wg| Zvn‡j †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi Kvh©Kix †eM NÈvq (b
x
+ c) wK.wg Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi Kvh©Kix †eM NÈvq
mehvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j hvÎx msL¨v n‡Zv (x + 10)Rb
2400 (b − c) wK.wg
ZLb RbcÖwZ fvov n‡Zv x + 10 UvKv AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡
2400 Avgiv Rvwb, †eM = mgq
L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß hvÎx msL¨v x n‡j Rb cÖwZ fvov x
2400  cÖkœvbymv‡i,
UvKv Ges mehvÎx Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j RbcÖwZ fvov x + 10 UvKv
†mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †eM b + c = p ....... (i) 
d
2400 2400 
cÖkœg‡Z, x
−
x + 10
=8 d 
2400 2400 (Ans)
Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †eM b – c = p ....... (ii)
ev, x
−
x + 10
=8 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z, (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
1 1
ev, 2400 ( − )
x x + 10
=8 (1p + 1q)
2b = d
1 1 d 1 1
ev, 300 (x − x + 10) = 1 [8 Øviv fvM K‡i]  b = 2(p + q)
x + 10 − x Avevi, (i) n‡Z (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
ev, 300 x(x + 10)  = 1 d
b+c=
3000 p
ev, x2 + 10x = 1 d
b−c=
q
ev, x2 + 10x = 3000 (−) (+)(−)
ev, x2 + 10x − 3000 = 0 1 1
ev, x2 + 60x − 50x − 3000 = 0 2c = d ( )
−
p q
ev, x(x + 60) − 50(x + 60) = 0 d 1 1
 c=2 p−q ( )
†bŠKvi MwZ‡eM NÈvq 2 p + q wK.wg.

d 15
(1 1)  (Ans.)
 ev, x + y = t
15
d 1 1
Ges †mªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM NÈvq 2 (p − q) wK.wg. ev, x + y = 3
 2
M. GLv‡b, gvwSi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ d = 20 wK.wg 2
awi, †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j mgq p = x NÈv ev, x + y = 15 . 3
 ,, cÖwZK‚‡j ,, q = 2x ,,  x + y = 10 (i)
Avmv-hvIqvi †gvU mgq (x + 2x) NÈv ev 3x NÈv Ges (4 − t)(x − y) = 15
15
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 3x = 12 ev, x − y = 4 − t
 x=4 15
ÔLÕ-G cÖvß mgxKiY †_‡K ev, x − y = 3
4−
d 2
(1 1)
†bŠKvi †eM, b = 2 p + q 15
ev, x − y = 8 − 3
20 1 1
= ( + ) [ p = 4 Ges q = 8] 2
2 4 8
2
2+1 3 15 ev, x − y = 15. 5
= 10.
8
= 10. =
8 4
wK.wg/NÈv (Ans)
 x − y = 6 (ii)
d 1 1 (i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
( )
†mªv‡Zi MwZ‡eM c = 2 p − q
2x = 16  x = 8
20 1 1 (i) bs mgxKiY n‡Z (ii) bs mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
= ( )
2 4 8
− [ p = 4 Ges q = 8]
2y = 4
2 − 1 10 5 y=2
= 10 . = = wK.wg/NÈv
8 8 4  ùv‡oi †eM 8 wK.wg/NÈv Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM 2 wK.wg/ NÈv (Ans)
15 5
 †bŠKvi †eM 4 wK.wg./NÈv Gi †mªv‡Zi †eM 4 wK.wg./NÈv| (Ans) œ 9  GKwU †PŠev”Pvq `yBwU bj mshy³ Av‡Q| cÖ_g bj Øviv
cÖk-
†PŠev”PvwU t1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq Ges wØZxq bj Øviv t2 wgwb‡U Lvwj
cÖk-œ 8  GK gvwS †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j ùvo †e‡q 15 wK.wg †h‡Z Ges nq|(†hLv‡b t2  t1)
†mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †mLvb †_‡K wd‡i Avm‡Z †gvU 4 NÈv mgq jv‡M| K. 1 wgwb‡U †PŠev”PvwUi KZ Ask cvwb Øviv c~Y© n‡e
†m †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j hZÿ‡Y 5 wK.wg hvq, †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j ZZÿ‡Y hLb bj `yBwU GK‡Î †Lvjv _vK‡e? 2
3 wK.wg hvq| †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †h‡Z t mgq jv‡M| L. Lvwj †PŠev”PvwU c~Y© n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? 4
K. †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j I cÖwZK‚‡j †e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ? 2 M. hw` cÖ_g bjwU Øviv †PŠev”Pv 8 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq Ges
L. t Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 2q bjwU Øviv 1 wgwb‡U 5 wjUvi cvwb †ei nq| Z‡e
M. `vu‡oi †eM I †mªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki| 4 bj `yBwU GK‡Î †Lvjv _vK‡j †PŠev”PvwU 72 wgwb‡U
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  c~Y© nq| †PŠev”PvwU‡Z KZ wjUvi cvwb a‡i? 4
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j ùvo †e‡q †h‡Z mgq jv‡M t NÈv  9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j ùvo †e‡q wd‡i Avm‡Z mgq jv‡M (4 − t) NÈv| K. g‡b Kwi, †PŠev”PvwU‡Z v wjUvi cvwb a‡i
`~iZ¡
 t : 4 − t = 5 : 3 †eM = mgq (Ans)
15 15 cÖ_g bj Øviv v wjUvi cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i t1 wgwb‡U
  v
 cÖ_g bj Øviv 1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq t1 wjUvi cvwb
15 15
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, t : 4 − t = 5 : 3 Avevi, 2q bj Øviv v wjUvi cvwb †ei nq t2 wgwb‡U
15 v
t
A_©vr, 2q bj Øviv 1 wgwb‡U Lvwj nq t2 wjUvi cvwb
5
ev, 15 = 3  `yB bj GK‡Î Ly‡j w`‡j,
4−t
15 4 − t 5
ev, t  15 = 3
1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq ( vt − vt ) wjUvi= v t t−t t  wjUvi
1 2
2
1 2
1
t2 − t1
4−t 5  `yBwU bj Ly‡j w`‡j 1 wgwb‡U †PŠev”PvwUi t1t2 Ask c~Y© nq| (Ans)
ev, t = 3
t2 − t1
ev, 12 − 3t = 5t L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, `yB bj Øviv v  t1t2  wjUvi c~Y© nq 1 wgwb‡U
ev, 12 = 5t + 3t v
ev, 8t = 12 myZivs v wjUvi c~Y© nq wgwb‡U
2 − t1
v 
t
12 3
ev, t = 8  t = 2 (Ans)  t1t2 
1 t1t2
M. g‡b Kwi, ùv‡oi †eM N›Uvq x wK.wg Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq = t − t wgwb‡U = t − t wgwb‡U
2 1 2 1
y wK.wg t1t2
 t(x + y) = 15  Lvwj †PŠev”PvwU
t1t2
c~Y© n‡Z t − t wgwbU mgq jvM‡e| (Ans)
2 1
M. g‡b Kwi, 1g bj Øviv cÖwZ wgwb‡U x wjUvi cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i ev, 6x(y − 450) = 0
Ges †PŠev”PvwU‡Z †gvU y wjUvi cvwb a‡i| ev, y − 450 = 0 [ x  0]
cÖkœg‡Z, cÖ_g bj Øviv 8 wgwb‡U Lvwj †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq|  y = 450
 y = 8x (i)
AZGe, LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ 450 UvKv| (Ans)
m
Avevi, `yB bj GK m‡½ Ly‡j w`‡j 72 wgwb‡U Lvwj †PŠev”Pv M. m% ÿwZ‡Z LvwmwUi weµqg~j¨ y 1 − 100 UvKv ( )
c~Y© nq| n
 y = 72x − 72  5 n% jv‡f LvwmwUi weµqg~j¨ y 1 +
100
UvKv ( )
ev, y = 72x − 360 (ii) n m
(i) I (ii) bs n‡Z, ( ) (
cÖkœg‡Z, y 1 + 100 − y 1 − 100 = p )
ny my
8x = 72x − 360 ev, y + 100 − y + 100 = p
ev, 8x − 72x = −360 n m
ev, − 64x = − 360
 x = 5625
(
ev, y 100 + 100 = p )
y
 x Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q cvB, ev, 100 (m + n) = p
y = 8  5625 = 45 100p
ev, y = m + n
 †PŠev”PvwU‡Z 45 wjUvi cvwb a‡i| (Ans)
GLb, m = 5, n = 15 Ges p = 180 n‡j,
œ 10  GKwU Lvwm x% ÿwZ‡Z weµq Ki‡j †h g~j¨ cvIqv hvq
cÖk- 100  180
2x% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j Zvi †P‡q wKQy UvKv †ewk cvIqv hvq|  LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ = 5 + 15 UvKv
K. µqg~j¨ y UvKv a‡i x% ÿwZ‡Z LvwmwUi weµqg~j¨ 100  180
= UvKv = 900 UvKv
KZ UvKv? 2 20
27x 100p
L. 2x% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j 2 UvKv †ewk cvIqv †M‡j  LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ UvKv Ges 900 UvKv| (Ans.)
m+n
LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ KZ? 4 cÖk-
œ 11  †Kv‡bv Avmj 3 eQ‡i mij gybvdvmn 460 UvKv Ges 5
M. LvwmwU m% ÿwZ‡Z weµq Ki‡j †h g~j¨ cvIqv hvq eQ‡i mij gybvdvmn 600 UvKv|
n% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j Zvi †P‡q p UvKv †ewk cvIqv K. g~jab P UvKv n‡j Z_¨¸‡jv w`‡q `ywU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
hvq| Z‡e LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ KZ? m = 5, n = 15 L. mgxKiY `ywU †_‡K gybvdvi nvi wbY©q Ki| 4
Ges p = 180 n‡j LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ KZ? 4 M. GKB nv‡i 5 eQi ci 2000 UvKv †c‡Z n‡j GKRb
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  †jv‡Ki KZ UvKv Rgv ivL‡Z n‡e? 4
K. g‡b Kwi, LvwmwUi µqg~j¨ y UvKv
x% ÿwZ‡Z †gvU ÿwZ (y Gi x%) UvKv K. g‡b Kwi, g~jab = P UvKv
r
x xy gybvdvi nvi = r% = 100
= (y Gi
100 ) UvKv =
100
UvKv
mgq = n eQi
 ( xy )
weµqg~j¨ = µqg~j¨ Ñ ÿwZ = y − 100 UvKv r
 mij gybvdv I = Pn.100 = 100
Pnr
x
= y(1 −
100)
UvKv (Ans) P3r 3Pr
3 eQi ci mij gybvdv = 100
UvKv = 100 UvKv
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x% jv‡f GKwU Lvwmi weµqg~j¨ P5r 3Pr
27x Ges 5 Ó Ó Ó = 100 UvKv = 100 UvKv
= x% ÿwZ‡Z weµqg~j¨ + 2
gybvdvmn g~jab, A = P + I
 2x% jv‡f †gvU jvf (y Gi 2x%) UvKv 3Pr
cÖkœg‡Z, P + 100 = 460(i)
( ) UvKv = xy50 UvKv
= y Gi 100
2x
5Pr
Ges P + 100 = 600 (ii)
 weµqg~j¨ = µqg~j¨ + jvf = (y + xy
50)
UvKv
3r
xy xy
cÖkœg‡Z, y + 50 = y − 100 + 2
27x L. ( )
ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, P 1 + 100 = 460 (i)
3r
xy xy 27x
ev, y + 50 − y + 100 = 2 (
P 1+
100 ) = 600 (ii)
xy xy 27x GLb, mgxKiY (ii) †K (i) bs Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,

ev, 50 + 100 = 2 5r
2xy + xy 27x
ev, 100 = 2
(
P 1+
100 ) =
600
3r 460
3xy 27x
ev, 100 = 2 (
P 1+
100 )
100 + 5r 30
ev, 6xy = 2700x [Avo¸Yb K‡i ] ev, 100 + 3r = 23
ev, 6xy − 2700x = 0 ev, 2300 + 115r = 3000 + 90r
ev, 25r = 700 œ 13  wbw`©ó nvi gybvdvq wKQy UvKv GK eQiv‡šÍ Pµe„w×g~j
cÖk-
700
 r = 25 = 28 650 UvKv Ges `yB eQiv‡šÍ Pµe„w×g~j 676 UvKv nq|
 gybvdvi nvi 28% (Ans)

K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
M. ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, gybvdvi nvi 28% L. `yB eQiv‡šÍ mij gybvdv I Pµe„w× gybvdvi cv_©K¨
mgq, n = 5 eQi wbY©q Ki| 4
Avmjmn gybvdv, A = 2000 UvKv M. KZ eQ‡i H cwigvY g~jab 5% Pµe„w× gybvdvq wØ¸Y n‡e? 4
g‡b Kwi, g~jab Rgv ivL‡Z n‡e P UvKv  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
Avgiv Rvwb, A = P + I K. g‡b Kwi, g~jab P UvKv
28
ev, 2000 = P + P  5  100 Pµe„w× gybvdvi nvi r%
5  28 mgq = n eQi
ev, 2000 = P1 + 100  Pµe„w×g~j C n‡j, C = P (1 + r)n
2000 2000  100 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, 650 = P (1 + r)  (i) hLb n = 1
ev, P = 140
=
240
= 83333 (cÖvq) 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, 676 = P (1 + r)2  (ii) hLb n = 2
1+
100 L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß, 650 = P (1 + r)  (i)
 Rgv ivL‡Z n‡e 83333 UvKv (cÖvq)| (Ans) 676 = P (1 + r)2  (ii)
œ 12  x UvKvi x% nvi mij gybvdvq 4 eQ‡ii gybvdv x UvKv|
cÖk- mgxKiY (ii) †K (i) bs Øviv fvM K‡i cvB,
676 P (1+ r)2
K. 4 eQ‡ii gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 2 =
650 P (1 + r)
L. x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 26
M. 625 UvKvi 25% nvi gybvdvi 4 eQ‡ii Pµe„w× ev, 25 = 1 + r  (iii)
gybvdv KZ? 4 (iii) bs †_‡K cvB r =
26
−1
25
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  26 − 25
ev, r = 25
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, g~jab, P = x UvKv
x 1
gybvdvi nvi, r = x% = 100 r=
25
mgq, n = 4 eQi 26
(i) bs G 1 + r = ewm‡q cvB,
25
x x2
 gybvdv, I = Pnr = x  4  100 = 25 UvKv (Ans) 26
x2
L. cÖkœg‡Z, 25 = x
650 = P( )25
25  650
ev, P = 26 = 25  25 = 625
ev, x2 = 25x
 g~jab 625 UvKv
ev, x2 − 25x = 0
 2 eQiv‡šÍ Pµe„w× gybvdv = (676 − 625) UvKv = 51 UvKv
ev, x (x − 25) = 0
Avgiv Rvwb, mij gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î, I = Pnr
 x=0 A_ev, x − 25 = 0 1
 x = 25
wKš‘ x  0 [KviY g~jab k~b¨ n‡j mgm¨vwU Zvrch©nxb nq]
(
 2 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv = 625   2 UvKv = 50 UvKv
25 )
 Pµe„w× gybvdv I mij gybvdvi cv_©K¨
 x Gi gvb 25 UvKv (Ans) = (51 − 50) UvKv = 1 UvKv (Ans)
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, g~jab P = 625 UvKv M. GLv‡b, g~jab, P = 625 UvKv
25 1 5 1
gybvdvi nvi, r = 25% = 100 = 4 r = 5% =
100 20
=
mgq, n = 4 eQi Pµe„w× g~jab = 2P UvKv = 2  625 UvKv = 1250 UvKv
Avgiv Rvwb, g‡b Kwi, n eQi ci g~jab Pµe„w× gybvdvq wØ¸Y n‡e|
Pµe„w×i †ÿ‡Î me„w×g~j, C = P (1 + r)n Avgiv Rvwb,C = P(1 + r)n †hLv‡b,
4
1 n P = g~jab
( 1) UvKv
= 625 1 + 4
( )
cÖkœg‡Z, 1250 = 625 1 + 20 C = Pµe„w× g~jab
r = my‡ì nvi
4
= 625 (4 +4 1) UvKv 21 n
4
( )
ev, 2 = 20 n = mgq
= 625 (54) UvKv 21 n
= 625  625 UvKv

( )
ev, log 2 = log 20 [Dfqc‡ÿ log wb‡q]
256 21
= 152588 UvKv ev, n log (20) = log 2
 Pµe„w× gybvdv = C − P ev, n log (105) = log 2
= (152588 − 625) UvKv log 2
= 90088 UvKv (cÖvq) (Ans) ev, n = log (1.05)
0.30103 30103
( 4)
5
n= = = 14207  142 Pµe„w× g~jab, A = P (1 + r)n = 1 + 100
0.02119 2119
 cÖvq 142 eQi ci g~jab wØ¸Y n‡e| (Ans) 104 5
= 1000 ( ) = 1216.653 UvKv
100
œ 14  Aveyj evivKvZ 4% nvi gybvdvq 1000 UvKv 5 eQ‡ii
cÖk-  Pµe„w× gybvdv = A − P = (1216.653 − 1000) UvKv
Rb¨ Rgv ivL‡jb| = 216.653 UvKv
K. mij gybvdv KZ? 2 K n‡Z, mij gybvdv = 200 UvKv
L. Pµe„w× gybvdv I mij gybvdvi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki| 4  Pµe„w× gybvdv I mij gybvdvi cv_©K¨ = (216.653 − 200) UvKv
M. gybvdvi nvi 5% n‡j Pµe„w× gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 4 = 16.653 UvKv (Ans.)
4
M. GLv‡b, gybvdvi nvi r = 5% = 100
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, gybvdvi nvi, r = 4% = 100
5 5
g~jab, P = 1000 UvKv  Pµe„w× gybvdv, A = P(1 + r)n = 1000 1 + 100 ( )
mgq, n = 5 eQi
(105
5
100)
4 = 1000
 mij gybvdv, I = Pnr = 1000  5 
100
UvKv
= 1276.282 UvKv
= 200 UvKv (Ans.)
4  Pµe„w× gybvdv = A − P = (1276.282 −1000) UvKv
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, P = 1000 UvKv, n = 5 eQi Ges r = 100 = 276.282 UvKv (Ans.)

œ 15  GKRb eëmvqx 5% nvi gybvdvq 8000 UvKv 3 eQ‡ii
cÖk-  Pµe„w× gybvdv = A − P = (9261 − 8000) UvKv = 1261 UvKv
Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Kiv nj| ÔKÕ n‡Z, mij gybvdv = 1200 UvKv
K. 3 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 2  Pµe„w× gybvdv I mij gybvdvi cv_©K¨
L. 3 eQ‡ii Pµe„w× gybvdv I mij gybvdvi cv_©K¨ KZ? 4
= (1261 − 1200) UvKv = 61 UvKv (Ans)
M. wnmveiÿK ej‡jb 3 eQi ci Pµe„w× nv‡i gybvdvi
cwigvY 112933 UvKv| wZwb gybvdvi nvi KZ †ewk ev M. wnmveiÿK 3 eQi Pµe„w× gybvdv †`Lvj 112933 UvKv|
r 3
Kg a‡iwQ‡jb? 4 ( )
ev, 8000 1 + 100 − 8000 = 112933
ev,  1 + 100
( r ) − 1 8000 = 112933
3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 
my‡ì nvi r = 5% r 3
1129.33
g~jab P = 8000 UvKv ev, (1 + 100) = 8000 + 1 = 1141
mgq n = 3 eQi r
5 ev, 1 + 100 = 1045 [K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i]
 mij gybvdv, I = Pnr = 8000  3  100
r
= 1200 UvKv (Ans) ev, 100 = 1045 − 1 = 0045
L. Pµe„w× g~jab, A = P(1 + r)n ev, r = 0045  100 = 45%
5 3 105 3
 wnmveiÿK gybvdvi nvi(5 − 45)% = 05% Kg a‡iwQ‡jb|
( )
ev, A = 8000 1 + 100 = 8000 100 ( ) (Ans)
= 9261 UvKv

œ 16  GKwU LvZv 36 UvKvq weµq K‡i hZ UvKv ÿwZ n‡jv, 72
cÖk- K. Kgjvi msL¨v y ai‡j jvf KZ n‡e? 2
UvKvq weµq Ki‡j Zvi wØ¸Y jvf n‡Zv− L. KqwU Kgjv weµq Ki‡j x% jvf n‡e? 4
K. jvf I ÿwZi cwigvY x Pj‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 M. hw` a% jvf Ki‡Z nq Zvn‡j 75 UvKvq KqwU Kgjv weµq
L. LvZvwUi µqg~j¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 Ki‡Z n‡e? 4
M. evwl©K 6 UvKv nvi my‡` 5 eQ‡ii gybvdv LvZvwUi µqg~‡jï 5y 1400 3000
mgvb n‡j, Avmj wbY©q Ki| 4 ( )
DËi : K. 35 − 2 UvKv; L. x + 100 wU; M. 100 + a wU
DËi : K. ÿwZ (x − 36) UvKv Ges jvf (72 − x) UvKv; L. 48 œ 18  GKwU `ª‡eï µqg~j¨ p UvKv| `ªe¨wU r% jv‡f weµq Kij|
cÖk-
K. `ªe¨wUi weµqg~j¨ KZ? 2
UvKv; M. 160 UvKv| L. p = 20000 Ges r = 5 n‡j, `ªe¨wUi weµqg~~j¨ KZ n‡e? 4
œ 17  5 UvKvq 2 wU K‡i Kgjv wK‡b 35 UvKvq weµq Kiv n‡jv|
cÖk-
M. p UvKvi `ªe¨wU‡K y UvKvq weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ jvf nq Ges y Avm‡j hZ UvKv cwi‡kva K‡i Kwig 4 eQi ci gybvdv Avm‡j ZZ
= 65 Ges p = 50 n‡j, kZKiv KZ jvf nq wbY©q Ki| 4 UvKv cwi‡kva K‡i|
r K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
( )
DËi : K. weµqg~j¨ p 1 + 100 UvKv; L. `ªe¨wUi L. iwng I Kwi‡gi F‡Yi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki Ges iwn‡gi FY
100 (y − p) Kwi‡gi FY A‡cÿv kZKiv KZ †ewk? 4
weµqg~j¨ 21000 UvKv; M. % Ges 30%|
p M. iwng 36000 UvKv FY wb‡q _vK‡j Zv‡ì gybvdvi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 19  iwng I Kwig GKB e¨vsK †_‡K GKB w`‡b 5% nvi
cÖk- DËi : K. 11x −12y = 6; L. 9.1% †ewk; M. 6 t 11.
mij gybvdvq Avjv`v Avjv`v A_© FY †bq| iwng 2 eQi ci gybvdv

œ 20  hw` p + q = 6 Ges pq = 3 nq, †hLv‡b, p > q.
cÖk- 2
K. (p − q) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2

( 1) + 4.x. 1x = 5
ev, x − x
2
1
L. p3 − q3 − 5 (p2 − q2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, (x − x) = 5 − 4
M. †`LvI †h, p5 + q5 = 4806. 4 1 2
ev, (x − x) = 1
 x− =1 [abvZ¥K a‡i]
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, p + q = 6 Ges pq = 3 x
1 1 2 1
Avgiv Rvwb, (p − q)2 = ( p + q)2 − 4pq Avevi, x2 + 2 =
x ( )
x+
x
−2x.
x
= (6)2 − 4.3 [gvb ewm‡q] = ( 5)2 − 2 = 5 − 2 = 3
= 36 − 12 = 24 1 1 2 1 1
p − q = 24 = 4  6 = 2 6 (Ans.) ( ) ( )( )
cÖ`Ë ivwk, x4 − x4 = (x2)2 − x2 = x2 + x2 x2 − x2
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, p + q = 6Ges pq = 3 1 1 1
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, p – q = 2 6 ( )( )( )
= x2 + 2
x
x+
x
x−
x
= 3  5.1 [gvb ewm‡q]
Avgiv Rvwb, p3 − q3 = (p − q)3 + 3pq (p − q)
= 3 5 (Ans.)
3
= (2 6 + 332 6 [gvb ewm‡q] 1
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x + x = 5
= 48 6 + 18 6 = 66 6
Ges p − q = (p + q) (p − q) 1 1 3 1 1
2 2
= 6.2 6 [gvb ewm‡q] ( ) ( )

GLb, x3 + x3 = x + x − 3  x  x x + x
= 12 6 ( 5)3 − 3  5 [gvb ewm‡q]
cÖ`Ë ivwk = p3 − q3 − 5 (p2 − q2) =5 5−3 5=2 5
= 66 6 − 5.12 6 [gvb ewm‡q] 1
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x2 + x2 = 3
= 66 6 − 60 6 = 6 6 (Ans.)
1 1 1 1 1
M †Ìqv Av‡Q, p + q = 6 Ges pq = 3
evgcÿ = p5 + q5
(
 x3 + 3
x)( )
x2 + 2 = x5 + x3 . 2 + 3 . x2 + 5
x x x x
1 1
= p5 + p3q2 + p2q3+ q5 – p3q2 – p2q3
= p3(p2 + q2) + q3(p2 + q2) – p2q2(p + q) ( )
ev, 2 5 . 3 = x5 + x5 + x + x [gvb ewm‡q]
= (p2 + q2) (p3 + q3) – p2q2(p + q) 1 1
= (p2 + q2) (p3 + q3) – (pq)2(p + q)
= {(p + q)2 – 2pq} {(p + q)3 – 3pq(p + q)} – (pq)2 (p + q) 1
( )
ev, x5 + x5 = 6 5 − x + x
1
= {(6)2 – 2.3} {(6)3 – 3.3.6} – (3)2.6 [gvb ewm‡q] ev, x5 + x5 = 6 5 − 5  x5 + x5 = 5 5 (cÖgvwYZ)
= (36 – 6) (216 – 54) – 9.6
= 30.162 – 54 = 4860 – 54 = 4806 = Wvbcÿ cÖkœ-22  hw` x + y = 3, xy = 2 n‡j
 p5 + q5 = 4806 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)| K. x – y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 21  x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 GKwU exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY|
cÖk- L. (x3 + y3) + 2(x2 + y2) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1
K. x + x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x4 + y4 = 17 4
1
L. x4 − x4 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4  22bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges xy = 2
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x5 + x5 = 5 5. 4
Avgiv Rvwb, (x – y)2 = (x + y)2 – 4xy
 21bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = (3)2 – 4.2 [gvb ewm‡q]
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 =9–8
ev, x2 + 1 = 5x ev, (x – y)2 = 1
x2 + 1  x – y = ± 1 (Ans.)
ev, x = 5 [Dfqcÿ‡K x Øviv fvM K‡i]
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges xy = 2
1
 x + = 5 (Ans.)
x
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x – y = ± 1
L ÔKÕ †_‡K
1
cvB, x + x = 5
GLb, (x3 + y3) + 2(x2 + y2)
= {(x + y)3 – 3xy(x + y)} + {(x + y)2 + (x – y)2}
1 2 = {(3)3 – 3.2.3} + {(3)2 + (± 1)2} [gvb ewe‡mq]
( )
ev, x2 + x = 5 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
= (27 – 18) + (9 + 1)
= 9 + 10 = 19 (Ans.)  1 2 12
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges xy = 2 ( )
= x+
x
– 2.x.  – 2
x
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x – y = ± 1 2
= {( 29) – 2} – 2
2
evgcÿ = x4 + y4 = (x2)2 + (y2)2 = (29 – 2)2 – 2 = (27)2 – 2 = 729 – 2 = 727 = Wvbcÿ

= (x2 – y2)2 + 2x2y2 = {(x + y) (x – y)}2 + 2(xy)2 x8 + 1
= {3.(± 1)}2 + 2.(2)2 [gvb ewm‡q]  = 727 (cÖgvwYZ)
x4
= 9 + 8 = 17 = Wvbcÿ M.
1 1
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x + x Ges x – x = 5
 x4 + y4 = 17 (cÖgvwYZ)
†Ìqv Av‡Q, a2 = 3 + 2 2
œ 23  hw` x + y = 3, xy = 2 nq, Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
cÖk- ev, a2 = 2 + 2 2 + 1
wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| 2
ev, a2 = ( 2) + 2. 2.1 + (1)2
K. x – y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 2
L. (x3 + y3) + 4(x2 + y2)Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, a2 = ( 2 + 1)
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, x8 + y8 = 257 4 ev, a = ± ( 2 + 1)
 a = 2 + 1 ................. (i) [abvZ¥K gvb wb‡q]
1 1 ( 2 – 1)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges xy = 2 GLb, a = =
2 + 1 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 – 1)
Avgiv Rvwb, (x – y)2 = (x + y)2 – 4xy
= (3)2 – 4.2 [gvb ewm‡q] 2–1 2–1
= = = 2–1
=9–8=1 ( 2)2 – (1)2 2 – 1
AZGe, x – y = 1 (Ans.) a+
1
= 2+1+ 2–1=2 2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges xy = 2 a
cÖ`Ë ivwk = (x3 + y3) + 4(x2 + y2)
= (x + y)3 – 3xy(x + y) + 4{(x + y)2 – 2xy}
 evgcÿ = x2 – x2 ( 1 ) (a + a1 ) 3
3
= (3)3 – 3.2.3 + 4{(3)2 – 2.2} [gvb ewm‡q]  1 1  1 1 1 

3
= (x + ) (x – ) (a + ) – 3.a. (a + )
= 27 – 18 + 4(9 – 4) = 9 + 20 = 29 (Ans.)  x x  a a a 
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + y = 3 Ges xy = 2 = ( 29 × 5) {(2 2) – 3 × 2 2}
3
evgcÿ = x8 + y8 = (x4)2 + (y4)2 = 5 29 × (16 2 – 6 2)

= (x4 + y4)2 – 2.x4.y4 = 5 29 × 10 2 = 50 58 = Wvbcÿ
= {(x2)2 + (y2)2}2 – 2x4y4
= {(x2 + y2)2 – 2x2y2}2 – 2(xy)4 1 1
= [{(x + y)2 – 2xy}2 – 2(xy)2]2 – 2(xy)4
 ( x2 – 2
x )( a )
a3 + 3 =50 58 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= [{(3)2 – 2.2}2 – 2(2)2]2 – 2(2)4 [gvb ewm‡q] 1
œ 25  2
y+ +1
= [{9 – 4}2 – 2.4]2 – 2.16 cÖk- y
= 32 GKwU mgxKiY|
= [{5}2 – 8]2 – 32 = [25 – 8]2 – 32 1
= [17]2 – 32 = 289 – 32 = 257 = Wvbc‡ÿ K. y + Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
y
2
 x + y = 257 (cÖgvwYZ)
8 8
y6 + 1
L. †`LvI †h, y3 = 52 4
œ 24  x2 – 1 = 5x Ges a2 = 3 + 2
cÖk- 2 n‡j, 1
1 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, y4 = 194 – y4 4
K. x + x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
x8 + 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, x4 = 727 4 y+
1
+1
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2 y
= 32
1
(
M. †`LvI †h, x2 – x2 ) (a + a1 ) = 50
3
3 58 4
ev, 2
y+
1
y
+1
= 25
ev, y + y + 1 = 5
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x2 – 1 = 5x 1
ev,
x2 – 1
=5
ev, y + y = 5 – 1
x 1
1 y+ = 4 (Ans.)
 x – = 5 ............. (i) y
x 1
1 2 1 2 1 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, y + y = 4
GLb, ( ) ( )
x+
x
= x–
x
+ 4.x. = (5)2 + 4 = 25 + 4 = 29
x y6 + 1 y6 1
evgcÿ = y3 = y3 + y3 = y3 + y3
1
1
 x + = ± 29 (Ans.)
x 1 3 1
L.
1
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB x + x = ± 29 [abvZ¥K gvb wb‡q]
= y+
y ( )
– 3.y.l
y (y + 1y)
x8 + 1
 evgcÿ = x4 = x4 + x4
1 = (4)3 – 3.4 [ y + 1y = 4]
= 64 – 12 = 52 = Wvbcÿ
1 2 1 1
= (x2)2 + () (
x2
= x2 +
x2 ) – 2.x2.
x2 
y6 + 1
y3
= 52 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 2
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, y + y = 4 ( 1) = 4. 6
ev, x + x
( 1) = (4) [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]

ev, y + y
2
2
2
1
ev, x2 + x2 + 2. x. x = 24
1
1 1
ev, y + 2.y.y + (y) = 16
2 1
ev, x2 + x2 = 24 − 2
1
ev, y2 + y2 = 16 – 2  x2 +
1
= 22
x2
1
ev, y2 + y2 = 14
1 2 ( 1) ( )
cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 + x2
1
x3 − 3
x
ev, ( ) = (14) [cybivq Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
y2 + 2
y
2
2
1 1
2
1 1
= (x + ) (x − ) (x + x. + ) 2
2
1 1 2 x x x x
ev, (y ) + 2.y .y + (y ) = 196
2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1
1 = (x + ) (x − ) (x + + 1)
2
2
2
2
ev, y4 + 2 + y4 = 196 x x x
1 = 22. 2 5. (22 +1) [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, y4 + y4 = 196 – 2
= 22. 2 5.23 = 1012 5
1
ev, y4 + 4 = 194
y cÖk-
1
œ 27  x− x = 2
1
 = 194 – y4 (cÖgvwYZ) 1
K. x2 + x2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
y4
1
cÖkœ-26  x2 – 2 30 −11 = 0; x > 0 L. x4 + x4 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K. x-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 M. †`LvI †h, 3
1
x + 3 = 10 2 4
1 x
L. †`LvI †h, x3 + x3 = 42 6 4  27bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 1
M. (x2 + 2) (x3 − 3)
x x
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 K †Ìqv Av‡Q, x − 1 = 2
x
 26bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  1 2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  cÖ`Ë ivwk = x2 + x2 = 1 − x ( 1) + 2. x.

1
x
= (2)2 + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6 (Ans.)
x2 − 2 30 −11 = 0
1 1 2
 cÖ`Ë ivwk ()
2
ev, x2 = 11 + 2 30 L. = x4 + x4 = (x2) + x2
ev, = (
x2 6)2
+( 5)2 + 2. 6 . 5 1 2
1 2
ev, x2 = ( 6 + 5)2 ( )
= x2 − 2
x x {(x − x1 + 2. x . 1x)} − 2
+ 2. x2. 2 = 2
= {(2)2 + 2}2 − 2 = (4 + 2)2 − 2

 x = 6 + 5 (Ans.) = (6)2 − 2 = 36 − 2 = 34 (Ans.)
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x = 6 + 5 M. ÔKÕ †_‡K
1
cvB, x2 + x2 = 6
1 1 6− 5 6− 5 1 2
 = = 6− 5 1
x 6+ 5
=
( 6+ 5) 6− 5
=
6−5 ( )
ev, x + x − 2. x. x = 6
1 1 2
Ges x + x = 6 + 5 + 6 − 5 = 2 6 ( )
ev, x + x = 6 + 2
1 1 3 1 1 1 2
evgcÿ ( )
= x3 + x3 = x + x − 3. x . x x + x ( ) ( )
ev, x + x = 8
3 1
= (2 6) −3.2 6 = 8.6 6 − 6 6 ev, x + x =  8
= 48 6 − 6 6 = 42 6 = Wvbcÿ 1
 x + x = 2 2 [abvZ¥K gvb wb‡q]
1
 x3 + 3 = 42 6 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 1 1 3 1 1
x evgcÿ = x3 + 3 = x +
x ( )
x
− 3. x.
x
x+
x ( )
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, x = 6 + 5 = (2 2 )3 − 3.2 2 [gvb ewm‡q]
1 = 16 2 − 6 2 = 10 2 = Wvbcÿ
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x = 6 − 5
1
1
 x3 +
x3
= 10 2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x−x = 6+ 5− 6+ 5=2 5
1
Avevi, ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x + x = 2 6
PZz_© Aa¨vq
m~PK I jMvwi`g John Napier
¯ ‹wUk MwYZwe` Rb †bwcqvi (1550Ñ1671) †K ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`‡gi
Exponents and Logarithms RbK ejv nq| ¯ ^vfvweK jMvwi`g‡K †bwcqvb jMvwi`gI ejv nq|
wZwb cÖ_g m„k„•Ljfv‡e decimal point Gi eënvi ïiæK‡ib|
A b yk xj b x 4 .1
 m~PK :
m~PK I wfwË msewjZ ivwk‡K m~PKxq ivwk ejv nq|
a †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡j, n msL¨K a Gi µwgK ¸Y, A_©vr, a  a  a    a †K an AvKv‡i †jLv nq, †hLv‡b n abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v|
a  a  a    a (n msL¨K evi a) = an
GLv‡b, n→ m~PK ev NvZ
a → wfwË
Avevi, wecixZµ‡g an = a  a  a  a (n msL¨K evi a)
m~PK ïay abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨vB bq, FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v ev abvZ¥K fMœvsk ev FYvZ¥K fMœvskI n‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr, wfwË a  R (ev¯Íe
msL¨vi †mU) Ges m~PK n  Q (g~j` msL¨vi †mU) Gi Rb¨ an msÁvwqZ|
 m~P‡Ki m~Îvewj :
awi, aR; m, nN.
m~Î 1| am  an = am+n
am a 1 hLb m > n
m−n
m~Î 2| an =  n−m
a hLb n > m
m~Î 3| (ab)n = an  bn
mvaviYfv‡e, (ab)n = ab  ab  ab  ab [n msL¨K ab Gi µwgK ¸Y]
= (a  a  a a)  (b  b  b  b)
= anbn
n n
( ) = ba , (b  0)
m~Î 4| b
a
n
n
a a a a a a
mvaviYfv‡e, (b) = b  b  b    b [n msL¨K
b
Gi µwgK ¸Y]
a  a  a ..... a an
= =
b  b  b ..... b bn
msÁv : a = 1, (a  0)
0
1
a− = n , (a  0, n N)
n
a
n
m~Î 5| (am) = amn
n
cÖgvY : (am) = am  am  am  ........  am [ n msL¨K am Gi µwgK ¸Y]
= am + m + m + ............ + m [Nv‡Z n msL¨K ¸Y‡Ki †hvMdj]
n
= an  m = amn  (am) = amn
 nZg g~j
nZg g~‡ji †ÿ‡Î,
1 1 1 1 1
a  a  a    a
n n n n
[n msL¨K an Gi µwgK ¸Y]
1 n
= a () n
1 1 1 1
Avevi, an  an  an    an
1 1 1 1
+ + +.....+ 1
=a
n n n n
[m~P‡K n msL¨K n Gi †hvM]
1
nx
n
=a =a
1 n
 a
1
( ) = a
n
a
n
Gi n Zg NvZ = a Ges a Gi n Zg g~j = an
1 1 n 1 1
()
A_©vr, an Gi nZg NvZ = an = a Ges a Gi nZg g~j (a)n= an = a | a Gi nZg g~j‡K
n n
a AvKv‡i †jLv nq|
j¶Yxq :
1 a > 0, a 1 k‡Z© ax = ay n‡j, x = y
2 a > 0, b > 0, x  0 k‡Z© ax = bx n‡j, a = b

mij Ki (1 Ñ 10) : 2
3
1
3
2 1
+
3 3
3 5 7 .7 7
3 .3 = = [ am  an = amn]
cÖkœ \ 1 \ 6
1
2
1
2
3 7 7
3 5 3+5 2+1 3
3 .3 3 3 3
mgvavb : 6 = 6 m
[ a  a = a
n m+n
]
=
7
=
7
=
71
3 3 1 1 1
8 m 2 2 2
3 8−6 a 7 7 7
= 6 =3 [ n = am − n ] 1−
1
am
3 a =7
2
[ = am−n]
2
= 3 = 9 (Ans.) an
2 −1 1
3 2 2
5 .8 =7 =7 = 7 (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 2 \ 4
2 .125 cÖkœ \ 5 \ (2−1 + 5−1)−1
3
5 .8
3 3
5 .2 mgvavb : (2−1+ 5−1)−1
mgvavb : 4 = 4 3 −1
2 .125 2 .5 1 1 1
=5
3−3
2
3−4 am
[ n = am − n ]
a
=( ) +
2 5
−1 −1
[ a−m =
am
]
5+2 7 1 10 10
=(
10 )
=5 2
0 −1
=1
1 0
[ a = 1, a−n
1
= n] =( ) = =1 = (Ans.)
2 a 10 7 7 7
1 10
=
2
(Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 6 \ (2a−1 + 3b−1)−1
73 7 −3
mgvavb : (2a−1 + 3b−1)−1
cÖkœ \ 3 \ 3  3 − 4 −1
1 1 1
mgvavb :
73  7 − 3 73 − 3
=
3  3− 4 31− 4
[ a  a
m −n
=a m−n
]
=( )
2 +3
a b
−1
[ a− n =
an
]
70 2 3
= −3 =( + )
3 a b
−1
1 2b + 3a
=(
ab )
= −3 [ a0 = 1]
3
3 1 n 1 1
=3 [ n=a ] [ a− n = n ]
a− =
2b + 3a a
= 27 (Ans.) ab
3 3 ab ab
72. 7 =1 = (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 4 \ 3a + 2b 3a + 2b
7 2 −1 2
cÖkœ \ 7 \  −2 
1 1 ab
3 3 3
72. 7 (72) . (7)
3
n
1
a b
mgvavb : = [ a=a]
n
a b−1
mgvavb :  −2 
1 2 2
7 2
7
2
1 1 a b
a2 b−1
2
=  −2  
3 3
7 .7 m n mn
= 1
2
[(a ) = a ]
a b
7
p + q +1– p – q –2 2p – 2p p+q–p–q–2
2 am 3 5
= (a2−(−2)  b−1−1) [ n = am−n] =2
a –1 0 –2 1 1 1 1 1
= (a2 + 2  b−2)
2 = 2  3  5 = . 1. 2 = . 1. = = Wvbcÿ
2 5 2 25 50
2
a4 2
(a4) a4  2 a8 .32 − .5 .6
p+1 p q p+q q
= (a4  b−2) =
2
()
b2
=
(b2)
2 = =
b2  2 b4
(Ans.) 
2
p
q+2
6 .10 .15
p =
1
50
(cÖgvwYZ)
cÖkœ \ 8 \ x −1y. y −1z. z −1x , (x > 0, y > 0, z > 0) al
n
am
l
an
m
mgvavb : x−1y. y−1z. z−1x ( ) ( ) ( ) =1

cÖkœ \ 13 \ am  an 
al
= x−1y . y−1z
. z−1x a a a l n m l n m
= x−1+1 . y1−1 . z1−1 mgvavb : evgcÿ = (a ) ( a ) ( a ) m n l
= x0 . y0 . z0 = 1 . 1 . 1 = 1 = 1 (Ans.) = (al−m)n.(am−n)l.(an−l)m
n+4 n+1
2 − 4.2 = aln−mn.aml−ln.amn−ml
cÖkœ \ 9 \ n+2 = aln−ln−mn+mn+ml−ml
2 2
n+4 n+1 = a0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ
2 − 4.2
mgvavb : a l n
am
l
an
m
 am  an  al = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
( )( )( )
n+2
2 2
n 4 2 n 1
2 .2 –2 .2 .2
= ap + q aq + r ar + p
n
2 .2 ÷2
2
cÖkœ \ 14 \ a2r  a2p  a2q = 1
n
2 . 24 – 22+1 . 2n ap + q aq + r ar + p
=
2n . 22–1
2n . 24 – 23 . 2n 2n . 2 (23 – 22) 3 2
mgvavb : evgcÿ = a2r ( )( )( )
a 2p a2q
= = = 2 – 2 = 8 – 4 = 4 (Ans.) = (ap + q – 2r) (aq + r – 2p) (ar + p – 2q)
2n . 2 2n . 2
3 m + 1 9 m +1 = ap + q − 2r + q + r − 2p + r + p − 2q
cÖkœ \ 10 \ (3m)m –1 ÷ (3m –1)m +1 = a2p − 2p + 2q − 2q + 2r − 2r
3m + 1 9m +1 = a0
mgvavb : (3m)m –1 ÷ (3m –1)m +1
=1 [ a0 = 1]
3
m+1 2 m +1
(3 ) = Wvbcÿ
= m2 − m  (m +1)(m –1) ap + q aq + r ar + p
3
m+1
3
2m + 2
 a2r
 2p  2q = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
a a
3 3
= m2 − m
 m2 − 1 1 1 1
3 xa xb xc
( ) ( ) ( ) =1
ab bc ca
3 cÖkœ \ 15 \  c  a
2 2
= 3m + 1 – m + m ÷ 32m + 2 − m + 1 xb x x
1 1 1
= 32m+1– m  32m – m + 3
2 2
a b c
x x x
–2 1 1 mgvavb : evgcÿ = (x ) (x ) (x ) b
ab
c
bc
a
ca
= 32m + 1 – m – 2m +m – 3 = 3 = 32 = 9 (Ans.)
2 2
1 1 1
[ we. `ª. cÖ‡kœ Z_¨MZ ÎæwU Av‡Q, 2m Gi cwie‡Z© 3m n‡e| ] =( xa − b ) (

ab
xb − c ) (
bc
xc − a )
ca
cÖgvY Ki (11 Ñ 18) : a–b b–c c–a

n
4 −1 =x
ab
x
bc
x
ca
cÖkœ \ 11 \ n =2 +1
n
a–b b–c c–a
2 −1 + +
n ab bc ca
4 −1 =x
mgvavb : evgcÿ = n ca − bc + ab − ca + bc − ab
2 −1 =x
2 n
(2 ) − 1 abc
= n 0
2 −1 abc
n 2 2 n n = x = x0 = 1
(2 ) − (1) (2 + 1) (2 − 1) n
= n = n = 2 + 1 = Wvbcÿ = Wvbcÿ
2 −1 (2 − 1) 1 1 1
xa xb bc xc ca
 xb ()()()
n ab
4 −1  a = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
 n = 2n +1 (cÖgvwYZ) xc x
2 −1 a + b b + c c+a
xa xb xc
cÖkœ \ 12 \
2
p+1
.32 − .5 .6
p q+2
p
p
q
=
1
p+q q cÖkœ \ 16 \ xb() () ()
 c
a
x
a+b b
 a
x
b+c c
=1
c+a
6 .10 .15 50 x x x
mgvavb : evgcÿ =
2 .32 − .5 .6
p+1 p q p+q q () () ()
mgvavb : evgcÿ = xb  c
x
 a
x
p q+2
6 .10 .15
p
= (xa − b)a + b(xb − c)b + c(xc − a)c + a
2 .3
p +1 2p – q
.5 .(2  3)
p+q q = x(a − b)(a + b)x(b − c)(b + c)x(c − a)(c + a)
= 2 2 2 2 2 2
p
(2  3) (2  5)
q+2
(3  5)
p
= xa −b xb −c xc −a
2 2 2 2 2 2
p+1 2p –q
2 .3 p+q
.5 .3 .2 q q
= xa − b + b − c + c −a
= q p q + 2 q +2 p q
3 . 2 .5 . 2 .3 .5 = x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ
2p +q +1 . 32p – q + q . 5p + q x a + b xb b + c xc c + a
a
= p+q+2 p+p p+q+2
2 .3 .5  () () ()
xb
 c
x
 a
x
= 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
p+q−r q+r−p r+p−q
xp xq xr ev, 22x = 26 [ 64 = 2  2  2  2  2  2 = 2 ]
6
cÖkœ \ 17 \ xq()  (x ) r  (x ) p =1
 2x = 6 [ ax = ay n‡j, x = y]
xp p + q – r xq q+r–p  xr  r + p – q
mgvavb : evgcÿ =xq
6
 r  p ev, x = 2  x = 3
x  x 
=x
(p - q) (p + q - r)
x
(q - r) (q + r - p)
x
(r - p) (r + p - q) wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 3
= x (p + pq – pr – pq – q + qr)  x (q + qr – pq – qr – r + pr)
2 2 2 2
2x−1
x (r2
+ pr – qr – pr – p2 + pq) cÖkœ \ 21 \ ( 3)
x+1
( 3 3)
=
= x(p – pr + qr – q )  x(q – r – pq + pr)  x (r – qr – p + pq)
2 2 2 2 2 2
2x−1
= ( 3)
x+1 3
mgvavb : ( 3)
2 2 2 2 2 2
= x p – pr + qr – q + q – r – pq + pr + r – qr – p + pq
= x = 1 = Wvbc¶
0 1 1 1 1
xp p + q − r xq q + r − p xr r + p − q ( ) = (3 )
ev, 32
x+1
3
2x−1
[ a = a ;
2 3 3
a=a]
 ()xq  ()
xr

xp () = 1 (cÖgvwYZ) 1
 (x+1)
1
 (2x−1)
ev, 32 =3
3 n
[ (am) = amn]
cÖkœ \ 18 \ hw` a = b, b = c Ges c = a nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h, xyz
x y z
x+1 2x−1
= 1 ev, 3 = 3
2 3
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ax = b, by = c Ges cz = a x + 1 2x − 1

 = n‡j x = y]
[ ax = ay
GLv‡b, ax = b 2 3
ev, (cz)x = b [ cz = a]
ev, 2(2x − 1) = 3(x + 1) [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ev, cxz = b ev, 4x − 2 = 3x + 3
ev, (by)xz = b [ by = c] ev, 4x − 3x = 3 + 2 x = 5
ev, bxyz = b1 wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 5
 xyz = 1
hLb a > 0, a 1] cÖkœ \ 22 \x2 +1−2 x = 3
x 1− x
[ ax = ay n‡j x = y
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) mgvavb : 2 x + 2 = 3
mgvavb Ki (19 Ñ 22) : ev, 2 + 2.2 − x = 3
cÖkœ \ 19 \ 4 = 8
x ev, 2x(2x + 2.2 − x) = 3  2x [Dfqcÿ‡K 2x Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
mgvavb : 4x = 8 ev, 2x+x + 2.2 − x + x = 3  2x
2x
ev, 2. = 23 ev, 22x + 2.20 = 3  2x
2x
ev, 2. = 23 ev, 22x + 2.1 = 3  2x
ev, 2x = 3 [ a = a n‡j x = y]
x y ev, (2x)2 + 2 = 3  2x
3 ev, (2x)2 − 3  2x + 2 = 0
x=
2 ev, a2 − 3a + 2 = 0 [2x = a a‡i]
3
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 2 ev, a(a − 2) − 1(a − 2) = 0
ev, (a − 2) (a − 1) = 0
cÖkœ \ 20 \ 2 2x + 1
= 128 nq, a − 2 = 0 A_ev, a − 1 = 0
mgvavb : 2 2x + 1
= 128 ev, a = 2 ev, a = 1
ev, 2 .2 = 128
2x ev, 2x = 2 [gvb ewm‡q] ev, 2x = 1 [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, 22x =
128 ev, 2x = 21 ev, 2x = 20 0
[ 2 =1]
2  x=1 x=0
ev, 22x = 64 wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 0, 1

1. †Kvb k‡Z© a0 = 1? 5. 22x − 6 = 32x − 6 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
K a=0  a0 M a>1 N a<1 K0 L1 M2 3
2. (x− 1 + y− 1)− 1 Gi gvb KZ? [ P. †ev. Õ15 ] 4x − 1
6. 2x − 1
Gi gvb †KvbwU?
x+y 1 xy
K L M x+y  K 2 −1
x  2x + 1 M 2x + 1 N 2x − 1
xy x+y x+y
−3 7. A = 81x2 −1 Ges B = 9x − 1 n‡j, A  B Gi gvb KZ?
3.  1 3 x Gi mij gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? M 9x − 1
 a  K9  9x + 1
1
N 9x + 1
x a3 x x3 8. x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 n‡j x2 − 2 Gi gvb KZ?

x
K  M N
a3 x a3 a3  5 21 L 5 23 M 5 27 N 5 29
4. aq − r = ar + p = KZ? 9. k~‡bï m~PK k~b¨ n‡j Zvi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡Z cv‡i?
2
K aqr − pq − r − pr L aq − p  AmsÁvwqZ L Amxg M0 N1
a p + q N ap − q 10. 22x + 2 = 32 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
3 7 n
K1 
2
M
2
N7 iii. (ab1 ) = a −n b− n
11. 52x + 3 = (125)x n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K −3 L0 M1 3 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
25x − 1 16. a = b n‡jÑ
12. 5x − 1
Gi gvb †KvbwU? x
1
x
 5 +1 L 5x − 1 M 5x + 1 N 5x − 1 x
1
i. a = b ii. b = 1 n‡j, x = 0
13. 3− x
= 81 n‡j Gi gvb KZ? n‡j, b < 0 {hLb a > 0}
iii. x < 0
4 L3 M −3 N −4 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
14. m~P‡Ki †ÿ‡ÎÑ Ki L ii  i I ii Ni I iii
am 17. 5  R : x, y  N n‡j, hLbÑ
i. (ab)m = (am.bm) ii. a = 1, (a  0) iii. n = am + an 5x
a
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. 5x  5y = 5x + y ii.
5y
= 5x − y hLb, x > y
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 5x
iii.
5y
hLb, x < y
= 5x − y
15. a, b, c †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v Ges n †h‡Kv‡bv abvZ¥K
c~Y©msL¨v n‡jÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. (ab)n = anbn ii. (ab)− n = anbn

3 L4 M5 N6
41 m~PK e¨vL¨v : 33 = 3  3  3 = 27
A_©vr n = 3 n‡j wØZxq ivwk = 27|
18. a GK A‡c¶v eo †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó c~Y©msL¨v n‡j, n msL¨K 42 m~P‡Ki m~Îvewj
Drcv`‡Ki µwgK ¸Ydj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K na  an M na N an
e¨vL¨v : a  a  a    a (n msL¨K evi a) = an 27. a †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨v Ges m I n †h‡Kv‡bv abvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v
19. wb‡Pi m~PK †KvbwUi Rb¨ an msÁvwqZ? (ga¨g) n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K a  R (ev¯Íe msL¨vi †mU) n  Q (g~j` msL¨vi †mU)  am  an = a m + n L am+n = a m–n
M aN N aZ M (am )n = a m + n N am ÷ an = am ÷ n
20. 3n Gi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK (†hLv‡b n  )? (mnR) 28. ab †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨v Ges n †h‡Kv‡bv abvZ¥K c~Y© msL¨v n‡j
K n3 L n−3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 3  3  3 n msL¨K evi N 34 K (ab)n =abn  (ab)n = an bn
e¨vL¨v : 3  3  3  †Z n msL¨K 3 _vKvq Gi m~PKxq ivwk 3n n
an a a–n
21. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi wfwË 6?
K 26 L 36  62 N 7−6
(mnR) M (ab) = n
b
n
N ()b
=
b–n
e¨vL¨v : 62 Gi wfwË 6 Ges NvZ 2 29. wb‡Pi †Kvb ivwkwUi mwVK gvb 1? (mnR)
22. 73  73  73  73 ivwkwUi wfwË 7 n‡j NvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 3 3
4 –1
n 3 3
–2
 12 L 16 M 24 N 36 K4.4 L n   4 ÷  4 N [(3x–1 ) –2]
e¨vL¨v : 73  73  73  73 = 73 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 712 A_©vr ivwkwUi NvZ ev m~PK 2 –1
m
= 12 30.
a
n Gi mwVK gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
23. cuvP NvZwewkó m~PKxq ivwk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) a
m–n m+n m/n mn
K 52 L a2 M b4  a5 a La Ma Na
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 31. a  0 Ges n FYvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v n‡j an Gi gvb wb‡Pi
†KvbwU? (mnR)
24. a  a  a  a    an GLv‡bÑ n 1 1
i. n → m~PK ev NvZ ii. a → wfwË K L n  –n N a – a–n
a a a
iii. an → m~PKxq ivwk 32. a  0 n‡j a= ? (mnR)
K0 1 Ma N
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii a
1
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 33. xm  –n = KZ?
x
(ga¨g)
m + n m – n –mn mn
x Lx Mx Nx
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
44 I 3n `yBwU m~PKxq ivwk|
34. 5  20 = KZ? (mnR)
K0 L2 5 N 10
25. 1g ivwkwUi wfwË 2 n‡j m~PK KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : 5  20 = 5  1 [ a0 = 1] = 5
K2 L8 9 N5
26. n-Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2q ivwk mgvb 27 n‡e? (ga¨g) 35. am  an  a–p Gi mijgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K a–mnp L am + n + p M am – n – p  am + n – p 5 –5
36. am  an = am n‡j n Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 51. (34)  (34) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
0 L am Ma N1 3
K0 1 M2 N
37. (4–1)–1 Gi mwVK gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 4
5
(32)  63 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?

1 1 4
K
4
4 M
16
N 16 52. 9 (ga¨g)
–1 2 L4 M6 N8
–1
e¨vL¨v : (4–1) = 4 (1) 1
1
4
= =1 =4
1 53. 55  57  5 –12 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
4 K5 L 49 M 100 1
38. 57  52  56 = KZ? (ga¨g)
1
K5 L 52  N 5–2 54. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
5
1 1
e¨vL¨v : 57  52  56 = 57 – 2 – 6 = 57 – 8 = 5–1 = 5 a a =a
m n m+n
i. ii. a−n =
an
39. 23  24  2–5 = KZ? (mnR) iii. a = 1, hLb a  0
K2 L
1
M 2–1  22
4 K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : 23  24  2–5 = 23 + 4 – 5 = 27 – 5 = 22 55. m, n †h‡Kv‡bv c~Y© msL¨v n‡jÑ
40. a–1 + b–1 = KZ? (mnR) i. (am) = amn
n n
ii. (ab) =anbn
ab 1 a+b a m am
K ab + 1 L
a+b
1 1
M
a+b
a+b

ab iii. ()
b
= m
b
e¨vL¨v : a–1 + b–1 = a + b = ab wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
41. a–n = KZ? hLb a  0 (mnR) K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
1 1 56. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
 n L − am M −n+a N 
a a–n i. 5  53 = 55 n‡j  = 2 ii. am ÷ an = am÷n
4 −1
n
iii. (− 5)0 = 1
42. 2n − 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvb? (ga¨g)
K2 n–1
L 2n − 1  2n + 1 N 2n + 1 K i I ii L ii I iii i I iii N i, ii I iii
4n − 1 22n − 1 (2n)2 − 1 (2n + 1)(2n − 1) 57. m = 3 I n = 5 n‡j Ñ
e¨vL¨v : n = = = = 2n + 1
2 − 1 2n − 1 (2n − 1) (2n − 1) i. am.an = a8 ii. am  an = a–2
73  7 – 3 iii. an  am = a2
43. = KZ? (ga¨g)
3  3 –4 (ga¨g)
K L M  27
3 3 3
a–2b −3 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
44. ( )
a3b–4
3
KZ?
–3 3
(ga¨g)
3
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 58 Ñ 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
a2 a5 b5 a5 x+4
− 4.2
x+1
K() b2
L
b5
−3
() M () a5
 ()b5
2
2
x+2
2
a–2b
( )
e¨vL¨v : a3b–4 = (a– 2 – 3b1 + 4)–3 = (a– 5b5)–3 58. 42x + 1 = KZ? (ga¨g)
L3 −
3 x x+3
5 –3 5 3 K x+3 2 N2
b 1
= (a ) 5 =
b 5 3 = (ba )
5 59. fMœvskwUi j‡ei mij gvb KZ? (KwVb)
()a5  2 8
x
60. fMœvskwUi mij gvb KZ?

x
L 2 16
x
M 2 24 N 2 32
x
(KwVb)
9n – 4m
45. Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 1 x+1 3x + 1
3n – 2 m K
4
4 M2 N2
K 2m – 3n  2m + 3n M1 N 3n – 2m
–1
46. (a + b ) Gi gvb KZ?
–1 –1 (ga¨g) 43 : n Zg g~j
a+b ab
K ab L a+b M 
ab a+b mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
47. xa–b xb–c xc–a Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
1 Lx M x2abc N xabc n
61. a = 0 n‡j a=? (mnR)
48. [(3x–1)–2]–1 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 1
1 1 9 3 0 L1 M N
K L M  n
x 9x x2 2x
3
49. (−5)0 = KZ? (mnR) 62. –27 = KZ? (mnR)
K −5 L0 1 N5 K – 27 L 27  –3 N –8
n l m 1
al am an
50. ( ) ( ) ()
am

an

mln
al
= KZ? (KwVb) 63. aq = KZ? (mnR)
1 La Ma N alm + mn + nl
e¨vL¨v : 4n + 1 = 25 ev, 22(n + 1) = 25  2(n + 1) = 5
q q 1
K aq  a M N q 3
a a ev, 2n + 2 = 5  n = 2
 pq 79. 4x = 8 n‡j x = KZ? (mnR)
64. aq Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K4 L2 
3
N
2
p 2 3
a L aq M aq N1
3 80. 3 2x +1
=5 2x + 1
n‡j x = KZ? (KwVb)
65. 42 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 5 3 1
1 K L1 M −
3 5 2
K2 L6 8 N
8 2x + 1 0
1
(5 ) 
2
3
1 e¨vL¨v : 32x + 1 = 52x + 1 ev, 5 (3) =1= (35)
66. 52 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
ev, 2x + 1 = 0  x = −
1
 25 L 20 M 15 N 10 2
1 4
3 1
67. 502 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K2 5 L5 5 M5 3 5 2
(mnR)
81. (3 .2) + 3.2
4
1 1
3 −3
Gi mijgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
68. 3 Gi Nbg~j KZ? (ga¨g)
K 3 .2
3 −3
6 M9 N
3
1 1 1 2
3 6 9
K3 3 M3 N3
1 2 82. (2x –1
3
x2 ) –6
Gi mijgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
69. (− 3)3  ( ) = KZ?
−
2
(mnR)
K
x2
16
L
x2
128

x2
64
N
x2
32
4 27 4 27
K L M− −
27 4 27 4 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
70. 4x + 1 = 2x – 2 n‡j x = KZ? (ga¨g)
K −2 L −3  −4 N −6 83. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
e¨vL¨v : 4x + 1 = 2x – 2 ev, (22)x + 1 = 2x – 2 2 3 1
4
ev, 22x + 2 = 2x – 2 ev, 2x + 2 = x – 2 i.
3
8 =2 2 ii. 8  8 =
4 2
8
ev, 2x – x = – 2 – 2  x = – 4 5
4 4
1 iii. 8 = 8 8
71. n
3 =
27
n‡j n Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K2  −3 M4 N
2
6 1 84. ( 3) = 3
x+1
( ) 3 2x + 1
n‡j Ñ
72. Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) x + 1 2x – 1 2x − 1
64 i. = ii. x + 1 =
2 3 3
1 1 1 1 iii. x = 5
K L M 
3 4 8 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
3 1
73. 84 82 Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
x+1 2x – 1
2x + 1
K 82
1 3
L 84
5
 84
4
N 85
e¨vL¨v : ( 3)
x+1
= ( 3)
3
ev, 3
2
=3
3
3 1 x + 1 2x – 1
ev, = ev, 3x + 3 = 4x – 2
74. 84 ÷ 82 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 2 3
x=5

4
8 L
2
8 M
3
8 N
5
8 85. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
1 3 x 1 1
1
( ) i. 2 = 64 n‡j x = 6 ii. x4 = n‡j x = 3
75. (x2)2  x3 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 81
1 3x +1 2x + 9 7
Kx 1 M x3 N iii. 9 n‡j x = 4 =3
x
3 1 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
76. (16)4  (16)2 KZ? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
1 1 1 1 86. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
2 2 2 4
K 16 4 M2 N4 i. x5 = – 243 n‡j x = − 4
3 1 3 1 1 1
− 1 2
–3
e¨vL¨v : (16)4  (16)2 = 164 2 = 164 = 42 ii. (64)
16
=
77. (32n − 42n – 2) Gi mij gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) iii. ax  a–y = 1 n‡j x = y
K 4n – 1 L 2n – 1
M 4n + 1  2n + 1 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
2n
K i I ii L i I iii I iii I iii
n–2
e¨vL¨v : 32 − 42 = 32 − 422
n n
 ii N i, ii
= 2n 3 − 4. (1
4
= 2n(3 − 1) ) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
= 2n.2 = 2n + 1 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 87 Ñ 89 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
78. 4n + 1 = 25 n‡j n Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 1 –3
K3 L2 
3
2
N
2
3
(a–
2 3
x ) 
4
x−4.a−6
1 1 1
87. (a −
1
2
3
x) −3
ivwkwUi mij gvb KZ? (ga¨g) K

x
3
1
L x−
–3
1
M
x

x
2
a
3
a
3 2
x x e¨vL¨v : a ( –
2 3
x ) 
4
x–4.a-6 =
x
a3

1 1 1 1
=  = 2
x a3 x x x
 L M N
x x a
3
3 2
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 90 Ñ 92 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
a 2 3
–3 –3
( –
1
2 3
) = (a ) ( x) –
1
2 3
–3
123I 122 `yBwU m~PKxq ivwk|
e¨vL¨v : a x
3 1 −3 3 1 90. 1g ivwkwUi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
= a2 x 3 ( ) 3
= a2x3
 (−3)
K 123 L 122  144

3
N
3
36
3
a2 a3 2 1 1
= a x–1 = =
2
2. 3
x x e¨vL¨v : 123 = 12 3 = (122)3 = 144
88.
4 −4
x .a
−6
mij gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
91. 2q ivwk‡K 1g ivwk Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
5 13
3 3 1 1 K0 L1  126 N 12 6
K ax Lx a  3 N 3
x a a 3 2 9–4
e¨vL¨v :
4 −4 −6
x .a = (x–4. a ) = (x ) (a )
1
–6 4
1
–4 4
1
–6 4
3 2
e¨vL¨v : 122  123 = 12
–
2 3 ( ) ( ) = 1256 = 12
6
1 1 3
=x
(−4) .
4
a 4
= x–1a 2
(−6) . –
92. ivwkØ‡qi ¸Ydj KZ? (ga¨g)
5 13
1 1 1 1 1
=  3=  3= K0 L1 M 126  12 6
x 2 x a x a3 2 3 4+9
89. cÖ`Ë ivwkwUi mij gvb KZ?

a
(ga¨g) e¨vL¨v :
2
123 
3
122 = 12
( ) = 12( ) =
+
3 2 6
13
12 6

93. ax = bx n‡j, a = b G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †Kvb kZ©wU cÖ‡hvR¨? 3 5 6 5
K ( 2)4 4 M ( 4)6
L  ( 4)
K a > 0, a  1, b  0 L x = 0, a > 0, b  0
M x  0, a  1, b  0  x  0, a  0, b  0
105. a = b, b = c, c = a n‡j xyz =?
x y z
K3 L2 1 N −1
94. †Kvb k‡Z© a = a n‡j, x = y n‡e? x y
 a  0, a  1 L a  0, a  1
106. 2
2x + 2
= 32 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
Ma0 Na1 3 7
K1  M N7
95. an cÖZx‡K a, n Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 2 2
 n msL¨K a-Gi µwgK ¸Ydj
3
107. x2 = 64 n‡j x = KZ?
L n msL¨K a-Gi µwgK we‡qvMdj K 3 L 2  2 N 3
M n msL¨K a-Gi µwgK †hvMdj 108. x2 = (xab xab)c n‡j ab Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
N n msL¨K a-Gi µwgK fvMdj 1 L0 M3 N2
96.
3
5. 5 Gi
3
gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 109. a, x, y  R, n  N Ges a  1 n‡jÑ
3
i. a0 = 1 ii. x = y hLb ax = ay
K 5
6
L 4 M ( 5) ( ) 3 6

3
25 iii. a −n =
1
1 an
97. 7 = n‡j, x = KZ?
x
K −1  −2 M1 N2 K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
98. 324-Gi m~PKxq ivwk †KvbwU? 110. a  N, a  0 Ges m, n  N n‡j−
4 4
K (2 3)  (3 2) M (2 5)4 N (5 2)4 1 n n 1
99. 9
3x − 7 3x − 7
n‡j, x = KZ? i. a−n = ii. am = iii (ab)−n =
=3 an am anbn
5 1 7 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K L M3 
3 3 3 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
x+1
100. 4 = 64 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 111. ax = ay n‡j x = y n‡e hw`−
K −1 2 M3 N4 i. a0 ii. a  0 iii. a  1
101.
4
16 Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2 L4 M 16 N 256 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
x2
102. 8 = 2 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
3x
112.
4
3 m~PKxq ivwki−
K 0, −2  0, 1 M 0, 3 N 1, 1 1
x 1
103. 25 = 125 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? i. NvZ 2 ii. m~PK 4 iii. mijgvb 34
3 2
 L M3 N5 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2 3
3 K i I ii  ii I iii Mi I iii N i, ii I iii
104. 2 2 = KZ?
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 113 Ñ 115 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 116 I 117 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
m−1
(3 − )
m m+1 m+1 m 1 m+1
4 −1 4 .4 3
M= m ,N= Ges R = log9 3 p= m m + 1, q =
9 −
m m 1
2 −1 16 (3 )
113. M Gi mijdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 116. p = 3 n‡j, m Gi mwVK gvb †KvbwU?
 2m + 1 L 2m − 1 M 2m + 1 N 2m − 1 K2 L1 0 N −1
M 117. p  q = 27 n‡j m Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
114. wb‡Pi †KvbwU N Gi mijdj? 1
− L −2 M1 N0
K 2m − 1  2m + 1 M 2m + 1 N 2m − 1 2
115. wb‡Pi †KvbwU M  N  R Gi mijdj wb‡`©k K‡i?
m+1
K 42 L 4(2m − 1) M 42m − 1  4(2m + 1)

= ay − z ax − y az − x
3 3 3 3 3 3
œ 1  L, M, N, O, Q I R K‡qKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk :
cÖk-
= ay − z + x − y + z − x = a0 = 1 Wvbcÿ
3 3 3 3 3 3
y y2+ yz + z2 x x2+ xy + y2
(a )
GLv‡b, L = az M= (aa )y  LMN = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
4x + 3 − 8.22x + 1 5.2x −8.2 x−1
a z z2+ zx + x2 4x + 3 − 8.22x + 1 M. Q = 4x + 2  8 , R = 2x −3.2x−2
N=( ) Q=
a x
4x + 2  8
5.2 − 8.2x − 1 evgcÿ = Q + R
Ges R = 2x − 3.2x − 2 4x + 1− 8.22x +1 5.2x − 8.2 x−1
=  x
K. 8 1 = 64 n‡j, x Gi gvb
x + wbY©q Ki| 2 4x +1  8 2 −3.2x−2
L. †`LvI †h, LMN = 1 4 4 .4 − 8.2 .2 5.2x − 4.2.2 x−1
x 3 2x 1
= 
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, Q  R = 6 4 4x42  8 1
2x −3.2x
4
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  22x(64 − 16) 5.2x − 4.2x
K. †h‡nZz 8x + 1 = 64 = 
16 3
22x. 2x − 2x.
ev, 8x + 1 = 82 8 4
ev, x + 1 = 2 22x(64 − 16) 2x(5 − 4)
= 
ev, x = 2 −1 16 3
 x = 1 (Ans.)
22x.
8 2x 1 −
4 ( )
L. evgcÿ = LMN 48
= 
1
= 
48 4
= 24  4
y y2+ yz + z2 x x2+ xy + y2 z z2+ zx + x2 2 3 2 4−3
1−
= (aa ) z (aa )y (aa ) x
= 6 = Wvbcÿ
4
= a(y − z)(y + yz + z2) a(x − y)(x2 + xy + y2) a(z − x)(y
2 2
+ yz + z2)
 Q  R = 6 (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 2  3  3  3  3   3 (n msL¨K evi 3) = 3n|
cÖk- 5
–5
5 5
− 0
K. 3  3  3  3 Gi m~PKxq ivwk, wfwË I NvZ wbY©q Ki| 2

=
3
( ) ( ) ( ) = (23) = 1 (Ans)
2
3
1
2
+
2
=
2
3
2 2
5 –5
4 M. evgcÿ = 83 1 8
2 2 4 2
L. ( ) ( )
3
2
3
3
2
1
Gi mijgvb wbY©q Ki|
–1 = 84
–
2 [ am  an = am – n]
M. †`LvI †h, 84  82 = 24 2 4 3–2 1 1 1
= 8 4 = 84 = (2  2  2)4 = (23)4
1–
1
–
1
–
1
–
1
= 24 = 2 4 = 212. 4 = 2.2 4 =2 4  2 = Wvbcÿ
K. 3  3  3  3 = 34 3 1 1
–
cÖ`Ë ivwkwUi m~PKxq ivwk 34  84  82 =2 4 2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
GLb, 34-Gi wfwË 3 Ges NvZ 4 (Ans)
5 –5
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 3 (2)  (23)

2 2

œ 3  a, b, c > 0 n‡j m~PK wbqgvewj cÖ‡qvM K‡i mij Ki :
cÖk-
K. (a + b )
−1 −1 −1
2 1 1 1
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = pab  qbc  rca
L. {a − (a−1 + b−1)−1}  a−1b  c−1 a 4 1 1 1
M. [a − {a−1 + (b−1 − a)−1}−1] a−2 b−1 4 xa ab xb xc

= b  c (x ) (x ) ( ) 1
bc
1

xa
1
ca
−1 = (xa − b)ab  (xb − c)bc  (xc − a)ca

K. (a−1 + b−1)−1 = (1a + 1b) =x
a−b
ab  x
b−c
bc  x
c−a
ca
−1
b+a 1 ab ab a−b b−c c−a
=(
ab )
= =1 = (Ans) ab
+
bc
+
ca
a+b a+b a+b =x
ab ac − bc + ab − ac + bc − ab 0
abc
L. {a − (a−1 + b−1)−1} . a−1 b b−1 c c−1 a =x = xabc = x0
−1 = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
 1 1
 ( )
= a − +
a b
 . a−1 b. b−1 c. c−1 a
 œ 5  xp + q = a, xq + r = b, xr + p = c
cÖk-
 b + a − 1 1 1 1 K. a  b  c = 1 n‡j †`LvI †h, p + q + r = 0 2
 ( )
= a −
ab
.
 a
. b. . c. . a
b c
L. cÖgvY Ki
a

b

c
=1 4
ab x2r x2p x2q
{ }
= a−
a+b
1
M. †`LvI †h,
ap + q p−q
{ } { } { x }
pq 
bq + r
q− r
cr + p
r−p
=1 4
a (a + b) − ab a2 + ab − ab x xqr rp
= .1=
 a+b  a+b  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
a2
=
a+b
(Ans) K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, xp + q = a, xq + r = b, xr + p = c
GLb, a  b  c = 1
M. [a − {a−1 + (b−1 − a)−1}−1] a−2 b−1
ev, xp + q  xq + r  xr + p = 1
−1 −1
= a −  +
1 1  1 1 ev, xp + q + q + r + r + p = x0
 a b ( )
−a 
 a b
−1 −1
2.
ev, x2p + 2q + 2r = x0
= a −  + 
1 1− ab   1
ev, 2p + 2q + 2r = 0
  a  b    . a2 b  p + q + r = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
b −1 1
= a −  +
1
 a 1 − ab  . a2 b a
L. evgcÿ = x2r  x2p  x2q
b c
−1
1 − ab + ab  1
= a −   . a2 b
  a (1 − ab)   =
xp + q xq + r xr + p
 2p  2p
−1 x2r
= a − 
 1   1 x x
 a − a2 b  . a2 b xp + q . xq + r . xr + p
1 =
x2r . x2p . x2q
= [a − (a − a2 b)] . 2
ab
xp + q + q + r + r + p x2p + 2q + 2r
1 1 = = 2p + 2q + 2r
= a − a + a2 b . 2 = a2 b . 2 x2p + 2q + 2r x
a b ab
= a2 − 2 b1 − 1 = a0 b0 = 11 = 1 (Ans) = x2p + 2q + 2r − 2p − 2q − 2r
a b c = x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 4
cÖk- (xx ) = p (xx ) = q (xx ) = r
b c a
ap + q p−q
bq + r q − r cr + p r − p
K. †`LvI †h, p  q  r = 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, pa + ab + b  qb + bc + c  r c + ca + a =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 M. evgcÿ = xpq
4
{ } x qr  { } { }
xrp
 p+q  (xq + r)  − (xr + p) r − p
p+q p−q q + r q r r+p
(x )
1 1 1
=       
 x   x   x 
pq qr rp
M. pab  qbc  rca = 1 cÖgvY Ki| 4 2 p−q 2 q−r 2 r−p
x(p + q)  x(q + r)  x(r + p) 
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  =  pq   qr    rp 
 x   x   x 
xa xb xc
xp + 2pq + q p − q xq + 2qr + r q − r xr + 2rp + p r − p
2 2 2 2 2 2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, xb = p, xc = q, xa = r
=     
     
pq qr rp
xa xb xc xa + b + c x x x
pqr=   = = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) = (x p + 2pq + q − pq)
2 2 p − q
 (x q + 2qr + r − qr)
2 2 q − r
xb xc xa xa + b + c
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk  (x r2 + 2rp + p2 − rp)r −p
= pa + ab + b  qb + bc + c  rc + ca + a
2 2 2 2 2 2
p2 + pq + q2) p − q  (x  (xr + rp + p )r − p
q2 + qr + r2)q − r
2 2
= (x
xa a2 + ab + b2 xb b2 + bc + c2 xc c2 + ca + a2 − 2 + pq + q2)
x − 2 + qr + r2)
x − 2 + rp + p2)
= ()
x b  ()
x c 
xa () =x
=xp
(p
3
q) (p
− q3 xq
3
(q r)
− r3
(q
xr
3
(r
− p3
p) (r
a − b a2 + ab + b2
= (x )  (x )b − c b2 + bc + c2
 (x )
c − a c2+ ca + a2
= x(a − b) (a + ab + b )  x (b − c) (b + bc + c )  x (c − a) (c + ca + a ) = xp − q + q − r + r − p
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
=x a3 − b3
x b 3 − c3
x c 3 − a3
= x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= xa − b + b − c + c − a = x0 = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 3m + 1
œ 6  m = xp, n = xq, l = xr, a = p + q + r Ges b = pqr
cÖk- n‡j = 2
3m − m
1 m
K. †`LvI †h, (mnl)−1 = xa
br bp bq
2 =3m + 1 − m
2
2+m
[aa = a ]
2
n
m−n
= 32m − m + 1 = 3− m + 2m + 1 (Ans)
L. †`LvI †h, (mn)  (nl)  (ml ) = 1 a − 2p a − 2q a − 2r
4
Avevi, 2q
9
m+1
ivwk = m − 1 m + 1
n l m
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, ( l )  (m)  ( n ) =l 4 (3 )
2 m+1
(3 )
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = (m − 1)(m + 1)
3
K. evgcÿ = (mnl)−1 32m + 2 2m + 2 − m2 + 1 2
− m + 2m + 3
= m2 − 1 = 3 = 3 (Ans)
r −1 3
= (x x x ) [gvb ewm‡q]
p q
1 3m + 1 9m + 1 3
= p q r M. 1g ivwk = m m −1 ; 2q ivwk = m −1 m + 1 Ges 3q ivwk = 81
x .x.x (3 ) (3 )
1  (1g ivwk  2q ivwk)  Z…Zxq ivwk
= p+q+r
x 3m + 1 9m + 1 3
= m m − 1  (m − 1) (m + 1)  81
1 (3 ) 3
= a [  a = p + q + r]
x 3m + 1 {(32)}m + 1 3 3
= m2 m  (m − 1) (m + 1)  33  3
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 3 − 3
br bp bq
3m + 1 32m + 2
L. evgcÿ = (mn)  (nl )  (ml ) r p q
= m2 m  m2 − 1  31 . 3
3 − 3
3
p q r 1
x x x
=( ) ( ) ( )
2
[gvb ewm‡q] = (3m + 1 − m + m)  (32m + 2 − m
2
pqr pqr pqr +1
)  3  33
1
q r p
x x x 1
= 32m − m + 1  32m + 3 − m  3 3
2 2 1+
1
1 1
= (xp − q)pq  (xq − r)qr  (xr − p)pr
4
2m − m 2 + 1 − 2m − 3 + m2
p−q q−r r−p =3  33
4 −6+4
−2 + 3
4 2
−
= x pq  x qr  x pr = 3-2  33 =3 =3
3
=3
3
(Ans)
p−q q−r r−p
+ +
= x pq qr pr
a
1
b
1
c
1
= x
rp−qr + pq − pr + rq − pq
pqr
œ 8
cÖk- (xx ) , (xx ) , (xx )
b
ab
c
bc
a
ca
m~PK msewjZ wZbwU ivwk|
0 K. 1g I 2q ivwk‡K xn AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
= xpqr = x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ivwk¸‡jvi ¸Ydj = 1 4
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) x x −2 1 1 1
3.2 − 4.2 xa ab xb bc xc ca
M. evgcÿ =
n
( ) ( ) ( )
l
a − 2p
l
m
a − 2q
m
n
a − 2r
M. †`LvI †h,
2 −2
x x−1 = 4 b
x () () ()  c
x
 a
x
4
x
=( )
x
( )
q x
( )
p + q + r − 2p r p + q + r − 2q p p + q + r − 2r
r p q
x x x 1 1
[gvb ewm‡q] xa ab −b ab am
= x(q − r) (r + q − p) . x(r − p) (p + r − q) . x(p − q) (p + q − r)
K. 1g ivwk = () xb
a−b
= (x
a
) [
an
=a − ]
m n
= xqr + q
2 − pq − r2 − qr + pr
. xpr + r
2 − qr − p2 −pr + pq
. xp
2 + pq − pr − qp − q2 + qr
ab a−b
= x [  (am)n = amn ] hv xn AvKvi| †hLv‡b, n =
= xq − pq − r + pr + r − qr −p + pq + p − pr − q + qr
2 2 2 2 2 2 ab
1 1 b−c
= x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ xb bc bc bc
evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ) 2q ivwk = () xc

= (xb − c) =x
m+1 m+1 b−c
œ 7
cÖk- 3 , 9 , 3 81 , 3−1. 3 hv xn AvKvi| †hLv‡b, n = bc
m m−1 m−1 m+1
(3 ) (3 ) 1 1 1
a b c
K. . 3 = KZ?
3−1 2 L. evgcÿ = xb ab . xc bc . xa ca () () ()
x x x
L. 1g I 2q ivwk‡K mij Ki| 4 a− b b− c 1
M. 1g ivwk‡K 2q ivwk Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj‡K Z…Zxq ab bc ca
= x . x . (xc − a) [ ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß gvb eënvi K‡i ]
ivwk Øviv ¸Y Ki| 4 a− b b− c c− a a− b b− c c− a
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ab
= x .x .x =x
bc ca ab + bc + ca
c(a − b) + a(b − c) + b(c − a)

K. 3−1.3 = 3−1  3 abc
−1 1 1 1 =x
1 1
− + ca − bc + ab − ca + bc − ab 0
= (3−1)2 . (3)2 = 3 2  32 = 3 2 2 = 30 = 1 (Ans) abc abc
3
m+1 =x =x = x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ
L. 1g ivwk = m m−1
(3 )
1 1 1 1 1 1
xa ab xb bc xc ca xa ab xb bc xc

ca
( ) ( ) ( )
xb xc
x−2
xa
= 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
x−2
Wvbcÿ () () ()
= 4 xb  xc  xa
x
3.2 − 4.2
x
3.2 − 2 . 2
2
= 41 [ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB]
M. evgcÿ = x x−1 = x x −1
2 −2 2 −2 .2 =4
x 2+x−2 x x 1 1 1
3.2 − 2 3.2 − 2 3.2x − 4.2x − 2 xa ab xb bc xc ca
=
x
2 −2 .
x 1
=
x
2 −2 .
x 1 
2x − 2x − 1
= 4 b
x () () ()  c
x
 a
x
2 2
x
2 (3 − 1) 3−1 2
= = = =4
1 1 1
x
2 1− ( )2
1−
2 2
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

a b c lm − nl + mn − ln − mn 0
œ 9  hw` p = bxb , q = xxc Ges r = xxa nq Z‡e,
cÖk- =x
mnl
= x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ =x
mnl
K. p  q  r Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 mn nl lm

 p q r = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
L. pa + b  qb + c  rc + a Gi mijxKiY Ki| 4
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = (pq)m2 + ml + l2  (qr)n2 + mn + m2  (rp)l2 + ln + n2
M. †`LvI †h, pa + ab + b  qb2 + bc + c2  rc2 + ca + a2 = 1 4
2 2
n − l l− m n2 + mn + m2
m − n n − l m2 + ml + l2
= (x .x )  (x .x ) 
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (xl− m.xm − n)l + ln + n
2 2
K. AwZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4(K) bs mgvavb †`L| = (xm − l)m + ml + l  (xn − m)n + mn + m  (xl − n)l + ln + n
2 2 2 2 2 2
= x(m − l)(m + ml + l ) x(n − m)(n + mn + n ) x(l − n)(l + ln + n )

2 2 2 2 2 2
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk : pa + b  qb + c  rc + a m −c
3
n −m
3
l −n
3 3 3 3
=x x x
xa a + b xb b + c xc c + a
=
xb () 
xc () 
xa () = xm − l + n + m + l – n = x0 = 1 (Ans.)
3.2x − 4.2x−2
3 3 3 3 3
2x+1 − 2x−1
3
= (xa − b)a + b  (xb − c)b + c  (xc − a)c + a œ 11  P = 2x − 2x−1 , Q = 3.2x − 4.2x−2 Ges
cÖk-
= x(a + b)(a − b)  x(b + c)(b − c)  x(c + a)(c − a)
= xa − b  xb − c  xc − a
2 2 2 2 2 2
3x+3 − 5.3x+1
R=
=x a2
− b 2
+ b2
− c2
+ c 2
− a 2
= x0 = 1 3x+2  3
 pa + b  qb + c  rc + a = 1 (Ans.) K. P Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
M. evgcÿ = pa + ab + b  qb + bc + c  rc + ca + a
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
L. P  Q  R = KZ? 4
x a a + ab + b x b b + bc + c xc c2 + ca + a2
=
x b () 
x c () 
xa () M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQR  (5a − 1)a + 1  (5a)a − 1 = 300
25a + 1 5a + 1
4
−  (x ) −  (x − a)c + ca + a
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b a + ab + b b c b + bc + c c
= (x )
=x (a − b)(a 2
+ ab + b 2
)
x (b − c)(b 2
+ bc + c 2
)
x (c − a)(c2
+ ca + a2
)  11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= xa − b  xb − c  xc − a
3 3 3 3 3 3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
= x a − b + b − c − c − a = x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ
3 3 3 3 3 3
3.2x − 4.2x−2 3.2x − 22.2x−2 3.2x − 22.2x − 2

p q  r + ca + a = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2 2 2 2 2 2
a + ab + b b + bc + c c P= = =
2x − 2x−1 2x − 2x−1 2x − 2x − 1
œ 10  p = xm − n, q = xn − l, r = xl − m n‡j−
cÖk- 3.2 − 2
x 2 + x – 2 3.2 − 2
x x
= = x
K. (pqr)2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 2x − 2x − 1 2 − 2x.2−1
mn nl lm 2 (3 − 1)
x 2 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, p  q  r = 1 4 =
1
= = 2  = 4 (Ans.)
1 1
M. (pq)m2 + ml + l2  (qr)n2 + nm + m2  (rp)l2 + ln + n2 Gi
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
2x 1 −( )
2 2
2x + 1 − 2x − 1 3x + 3 − 5.3x + 1
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. PQR=4
3.2x − 4.2x − 2

3x + 2  3
[ P = 4]
K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = (pqr) 2
2x.21 − 2x.2−1 3x.33 − 5.3x.3
=4 
= (xm − n. xn − l.xl − m)2 3.2x − 22.2x − 2 3x + 2 − 1
2
= (xm − n + n − l + l − m) = (x0)2 = 1 (Ans.) 1
L. evgcÿ =
mn
p
nl
q
lm
r =4 x
2x 2 −
2 ( )

3x(27 − 15)
1 1 1 3.2 − 2 2 + x − 2 3x + 1
mn ln lm 3
= (p) . (q) . (r) 2x.
1 1 1 2 3x.12
=4 
= (xm − n)
mn ln
. (xn − l) .(xl − n)
lm 3.2x − 2x 3x+1
m−n n−l l−m 3
mn ln lm 2x.
=x .x .x 2 3x.12
=4 x  x 1
m−n n−l l−m 2 (3 − 1) 3 .3
mn + ln + lm
=x
3 − 4.2n + 1
n+4 3m + 1 9m + 1
2 3
œ 13  (i) 2
cÖk- 2n + 2  2
(ii) m m − 1  m − 1 m + 1
(3 ) (3 )
=4 4=4 4
2 22 K. Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki : 4 − 1. n 2
 P  Q  R = 12 (Ans.) L. mij Ki : (i) bs ivwk  2−2 4
25a+1 5a+1 (52)a+1 5a+1 1
M. PQR  (5a−1)a+1  (5a)a−1 = 12  5(a−1)(a+1)  (5a)a−1 M. †`LvI †h, (ii) bs ivwki mij gvb 9. 4
52a+2 5a+1
= 12  2  2 [ÔLÕ n‡Z PQR = 12 ewm‡q]  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
a −1 a −a
5 5 K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 4n − 1 = (22)n − 1 = (2n)2 − (1)2
= 12  52a + 2 − a + 1  5a + 1 − a + a
2 2
= (2n + 1) (2n − 1) (Ans.)
= 12  5 − 5 −
2 2
2a a + 3 2a a + 1
2n + 4 − 4.2n + 1 2n  24 − 4  2n  21
= 12  52a − a + 3 − 2a + a − 1
2 2
L. 2n + 2  2
=
2n + 2  21
= 12  5 = 12  25 = 300
2
2  16 − 8  2 2 (16 − 8)
n n n
25a+1 5a+1 = =
PQR  a−1 a+1  a a−1 = 300 (cÖgvwYZ) 2n + 2 − 1 2n + 1
(5 ) (5 )
2 8 8
n
œ 12 
cÖk- P = xa, Q = xb Ges R = xc. = n
2  21 2
= =4
K. PbcQ−ca = KZ? 2 2 4 − 4.2n + 1
n + 1
a+b b+c
GLb, 2n + 2  2  2−2 = 4  22
P Q
L. ( ) ( ) + 2(R.P) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
Q

R
a−c 4 1 1
= 4  = 4  = 16 (Ans.)
4 4
P Q a2 + ab + b2
R b2 + bc + c2 c2 + ca + a2
M. () Q
( )
R
( )
P M.
3m + 1

9m + 1
(3m)m−1 (3m − 1)m + 1
Gi mijgvb KZ? 4 m + 1
3 (32)m + 1 3m + 1 32m + 2
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = m2−m  (m − 1)(m + 1) = m2 − m  m2 − 1
3 3 3 3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = xa , Q = xb = 3m + 1 − m + m  32m + 2 − m + 1
2 2
 Pbc . Q−ca = (xa)bc . (xb)−ca = 32m − m + 1  32m − m + 3

2 2
= xabc . x−abc = xabc − abc = x0 = 1 (Ans.) =3 (2m − m 2

+ 1) − (2m − m 2
+ 3)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = xa, Q = xb, R = xc =3 2m − m 2

+ 1 − 2m + m 2
+ 3
P a+b Q b+c 1 1 3m + 1 9m + 1 1
 () ()
Q

R
+ 2(R.P)a − c = 3−2 = 2 =  m m − 1  m − 1 m + 1 = (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3 9 (3 ) (3 ) 9
xa a+b xb b+c œ 14  Xp + q = m, n = Xq + r Ges b = Xr + p
cÖk-
= () ()
x b 
xc
+ 2(xc.xa)a − c
K. m  n  b = 1 n‡j p + q + r Gi gvb KZ? 2
= (xa−b)a + b  (xb − c)b + c + 2.(xc + a)a − c m n b
= xa − b  xb − c + 2.xa − c
2 2 2 2 2 2
L. †`LvI †h, X2r  X2p  X2q Gi gvb 1| 4
− − − = xa − c + 2.xa − c = 3.xa − c (Ans.)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b + b c a c
=x + 2.x mp+q p−q nq+r q−r br+p r−p
M. ()P
Q
a 2
+ ab + b 2
()

Q
R
b 2
+ bc +
()
c 2

R
P
c 2
+ ca + a 2
M. { } { }  {X }
cÖgvY Ki †h, Xpq 
Xqr rp =1 4
x a a 2
+ ab + b 2
x b b 2
+ bc + c 2
xc c2 + ca + a2
=() xb () 
xc () 
xa m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc
= (xa−b)a + ab + b  (xb−c)b + bc + c  (xc−a)c + ca + a
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a−b)(a + ab + b ) (b−c)(b + bc + c ) (c−a)(c + ca + a )
=x
= xa − b  xb − c  xc − a = xa − b + b + c − c − a = x0 = 1 (Ans)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

5
x y z
œ 15  a = b, b = c Ges c = a
cÖk- DËi : K. 3a4; L. 9; M. a = 3
K. a †K c Gi m~PKxq ivwk‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 3x + 1 9x + 1
L. xyz Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| œ 17  (3x)x – 1 I (3x + 1)(x – 1) `yBwU m~PKxq ivwk|
4 cÖk-
M. 3x = 4y = 18z n‡j x, y, z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 K. cÖ_g ivwki mij gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
1 3 1
DËi : K. cxy; L. 1; M. x = 2, y = 2, z = 3 L. cÖ_g ivwk‡K wØZxq ivwk Øviv fvM Ki| 4
1
4 M. ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß gvb‡K 3x Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj 1 nq, x Gi gvb KZ? 4
œ 16  3a 4 . a2–2m I a3 `yBwU m~PKxq ivwk|
m+
cÖk- 1
2 DËi : K. 3– x – 2x + 1; L. 9; M. – 4
2
K. cÖ_g ivwki mij gvb KZ?
L. cÖ_g ivwk‡K wØZxq ivwk Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji mij gvb 2x – 1
wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b a = 9| œ 18  A = ( 3)
4 cÖk-
x+1
I B= 3
3
`yBwU m~PKxq ivwk| ( )
4 3 K. A I B †K 3 Gi m~PKxq ivwk‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
M. 1g ivwk I a Gi ¸Ydj = 27 n‡j a Gi gvb KZ? 4 L. A  B Gi mijgvb wbY©q Ki| 4
3
M. A  B = 81 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 4 M. 1g ivwk I 4 a3 Gi ¸Ydj = 27 n‡j a Gi gvb KZ? 4
x+1 2x – 1 7x + 1
DËi : K. 3 2 , 3 3 ; L. 3 6 ; M. 1 DËi : L. 9; M. a = 3
3m+1 (3m−1)m + 1 36
3 6 6 3
œ 19  P = 81  256, Q = 9  2 Ges R = 5  6.
cÖk-
3 œ 21  (3m)m−1  9m + 1 Ges 33.35 ; [m  Q]
cÖk-
K. P Gi mijgvb wbY©q Ki| 2 `yBwU m~PKxq ivwk|
L. PQR Gi gvb KZ? 4 1
K. †`LvI †h, cÖ_g ivwk = 9 2
M. †`LvI †h, RP − Q R
=1 4
4 L. wØZxq ivwk gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
3
DËi : K. 6 ; L.180 2m − 1 3m + 1 (3m − 1)m + 1
m+
1
4 3
M. mgvavb Ki : ( 3)m + 1 = 3
3
. m m−1 
(3 )
( ) 9m + 1
4
œ 20  3a
cÖk- 4
 a 2 − 2m
I a `yBwU m~PKxq ivwk| 1
5 DËi : L. 9; M. m = 17
K. †`LvI †h, cÖ_g ivwk 3a4. 2
L. cÖ_g ivwk‡K wØZxq ivwk Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji mijgvb
wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b a = 9| 4
A b yk xj b x 4 .2

 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
n‡j, x = logaN †K N Gi a wfwËK jM ejv nq|
ax = N, (a > 0, a  1)
m~PKxq ivwki gvb †ei Ki‡Z jMvwi`g eënvi Kiv nq| jMvwi`g‡K ms‡ÿ‡c jM (Log) †jLv nq| eo eo msL¨v ev ivwki ¸Ydj,
fvMdj BZ¨vw` log Gi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡R wbY©q Kiv hvq|
Avgiv Rvwb, 23 = 8; GB MvwYwZK Dw³wU‡K j‡Mi gva¨‡g †jLv nq log28 = 3 Avevi, wecixZµ‡g, log28 = 3 n‡j, m~P‡Ki gva¨‡g
1 1
†jLv hv‡e 23 = 8; A_©vr 23 = 8 n‡j log28 = 3 Ges wecixZµ‡g, log28 = 3 n‡j 23 = 8 GKBfv‡e 2−3 = 23 = 8 †K j‡Mi gva¨‡g
1
†jLv hvq, log2 8 = − 3

cÖkœ \ 1 \ gvb wbY©q Ki : (M) log42
(K) log381 mgvavb : log4 2
mgvavb : log381
= log4 4
= log334 1
= 4log33 [ logaMr = rlogaM] = log4(4)2
=41 [ logaa = 1]
1
= 4 (Ans) = log44 [ logaMr = rlogaM]
2
3
(L) log5 5 1
= 1 [ logaa = 1]
3
2
mgvavb : log5 5 1
1 = (Ans)
2
= log553
(N) log2 5400
1
= 3 log55 [ logaMr = rlogaM] mgvavb : log2 5400
1 = log2 5(2 5)4
=31 [ logaa = 1]
1 = 4 log2 52 5 [ logaMr = rlogaM]
= 3 (Ans)
=41 [ logaa = 1]
= 4 (Ans)
50
3
(O) log5( 5 5)  log10 147 = log102 + 2log105 − log10 3 − 2log107
mgvavb : log5( 5 5) = log5 53. 52
1
1
3
 
(M) 3log102 + 2log103 + log105 = log10360
= log5 5  = log5 5 6 
1 1 2+3
3 +2
    mgvavb : evgcÿ = 3log102 + 2log103 + log105
5
5 = log1023 + log1032 + log105
= log5 5 6 = log55
6 = log10 (2332.5)
5 5
=  1 = (Ans) = log10 (8 . 9 . 5)
6 6
cÖkœ \ 2 \ x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki : = log10360 = Wvbcÿ
(K) log5x = 3  3log102 + 2log103 + log105 = log10360 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
mgvavb : log5x = 3 cÖkœ \ 4 \ mij Ki :
3
 x = (5) [msÁvbyhvqx] 10 25 81
= 125 (Ans)
(K) 7 log10 9 – 2 log10 24 + 3 log10 80
(L) logx25 = 2 10 25 81
mgvavb : 7 log 10 9 – 2 log10 24 + 3 log10 80
mgvavb : log x 25 = 2 7 2 3
 x2 = 25 10 25 81
ev, x2 = (5)2 [msÁvbyhvqx]
= log10 ( ) ( ) ( )
9
− log10
24
+ log10
80
 x = 5 (Ans)  10 25 7
81  2 3
= log10 ( 9 )  (24)  (80) 
 
1
(M) logx 16 = − 2  10 24 7
81  2 3
= log10 ( 9 )  (25)  (80) 
1  
mgvavb : logx 16 = −2  5  2  3  8   3  3  3  3  
= log10
7 2 3
  
1 3  3  5  5 2  2  2  2  5 
ev, x−2 = 16 [msÁvbyhvqx]
 52 3  23
 
= log10  2    2    4
7 2 3
34
1
ev, x−2 = 42  3   5  2  5 
57  27 32  26
= log10  14 
312 
 12
ev, x−2 = 4−2  3 5 4
2  53
 x = 4 (Ans) [hw` x  0 Ges ax = bx nq Z‡e a = b] 2 7 + 6 . 32 + 12 . 57
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †`LvI †h, = log10 (
212 . 314 . 5 4 + 3 )
(K) 5log105 − log1025 = log10125 13 . 314 . 57
mgvavb : evgcÿ = 5log105 − log1025
= log10 (22 12 . 314 . 57 )
2
= log10 ( 213 − 12 .314 − 14 .57 − 7)
= log1055 − log105 = log10(2 . 30 . 50)
= log10 (2 . 1 . 1)
= log10  2
5
5 M
[ loga = logaM − logaN] = log102 (Ans)
5  N
(L) log7 ( 7. 7)− log3 3 + log42

5 3
= log105 (5 − 2) [ am  an = am − n]
mgvavb : log7 ( 7. 7)− log3 3 + log42
5 3
= log1053 = log10125 = Wvbcÿ
= log7 75.72 − log333 + log4 4

1 1 1
 5log105 − log1025 = log10125 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 
= log7 75 2 − log33 + log442
1 1 1
50 + 1
(L) log10 147 = log102 + 2log105 − log103 − 2log107   3
mgvavb : GLv‡b, 50 = 2  25 = 2  5  5 = 2  52 2+5
1 1
= log7 7 − log33 + log44
10
Ges 147 = 3  49 = 3  7  7 = 3  72 7
3 2
50 1 1
evgcÿ = log10 147 = log7 710 − . 1 + . 1
3 2
M 7 1 1
= log1050 − log10147 [ loga
N
= logaM − logaN] = log7 7 − +
10 3 2
= log10 (2  52) − log10 (3  72) 7 1 1 7 1 1
= .1− + = − +
= log102 + log1052 − (log103 + log1072) 10 3 2 10 3 2
21 − 10 + 15 11 + 15 26 13
= log102 + 2log105 − log103 − 2log107 =
30
=
30
= =
30 15
(Ans.)
= Wvbcÿ a3b3 b3c3 c3d3
(M) loge c3 + loge d3 + loge a3 – 3 loge b2c
a3b3 b3c3 c3d3 = loge (b2c)3 – 3 logeb2c
mgvavb : loge 3 + loge 3 + loge 3 – 3 logeb2c
c d a = 3 loge b2c – 3 logeb2c = 0 (Ans.)
a3b3 b3c3 c3d3
= loge ( .
c3 d3 a3
. )
– 3 logeb2c [loge Gi m~Îvbymv‡i]
= logeb6c3 – 3 logeb2c

1. 3 3 Gi 3 wfwËK jM KZ? 1
12. logx 27 = − 3 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
4 3 3 2
K  M N 1 1
3 2 4 3 K −3 L− M 3
2. logx 9 = 2, x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 3 3
K 2 L 3
3. log 16 Gi gvb KZ?
3 N 18
(p)
13. log10 q = KZ?
2 K log10 (p − q)  log10 p − log10 q
K2 L3 M4 8 M logp 10 − logq 10 N log (p10 − q10)
4. 2 2 Gi 2 wfwËK jM KZ? 14. 3 log10 2 + 2 log10 2 Gi gvb †KvbwU?
3 2 3 4  log10 32 L log10 16
 L M N
2 3 4 3 M log10 8 N log10 4
1 15. 7 7 Gi 7 wfwËK jM KZ?
5. log3 ()
9
Gi gvb KZ?
K
1

3
M2 N3
K3 L −3  −2 N2 2 2
6. loga 200 = 2 n‡j a Gi gvb KZ n‡e? 16. loga a = 1 †hLv‡bÑ
3 i. a > 0 ii. a  0
 10 2 L5 2 M5 3 N 10 5 iii. a  1
7. log10x = − 3 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 30 L 10 M x− 3  10− 3 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
8. log 7 Gi gvb KZ? 17. a > 0, b > 0 Ges a, b  R n‡jÑ
7
1 i. loga Mr = M loga r ii. loga b  logb a = 1
K 2 M 7 N7
2
9. 729 Gi jM 4 n‡j, wfwË KZ? [ w`. †ev. Õ15 ] iii. loga ( 3
a. a =
5
6
)
K6 3 L6 3 3 N3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
10. 3 3 Gi 9 wfwËK jM KZ?
2 8 18. 10 wfwËK log Gi †ÿ‡ÎÑ

3
L1 M
3
N4 i. log1 = 0 ii. log 0 = AmsÁvwqZ
11. log2 + log4 + log8 + .......... avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi iii. log 100 = 2
†KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K2 L4  log2 N 2 log2 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

24. log381 = KZ? (mnR)
44 : jMvwi`g K 3 4 M34 N 34
4
e¨vL¨v : log381 = log33 = 4log33 = 4
25. loge1 = KZ? (ga¨g)
19. loga1 Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) Ke 0 M e N 1
 0 L1 M3 N4
26. log2 5 400 = x n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : loga1 = loga a0 = 0  logaa = 0  1 = 0
20. ax = N, (a > 0, a  1)n‡j N Gi a wfwËK jM KZ? (mnR) K2 5  4 M2 N2 3
 x = logaN L a = logx N e¨vL¨v : 400 = 16  25 = 24  52 = 24  ( 5)4 = (2 5)4
M N = loga x N N = logxa  log2 5 400 = x
ev, log2 5 (2 5)4 = x ev, 4 log2 5(2 5) = x
21. M = ax, N = ay n‡j loga(MN) = KZ? (mnR) ev, 41= x  x = 4
K xy L ax+y x+y N ax−y 27. log1010 = KZ? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : M = ax  logaM = x K1010 L 102 M 10 1
N = ay  logaN = y
 logaM + logaN = loga(MN) = x + y
28. log10100 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
22. a = 1 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK mgxKiY?
0
(mnR) K 10 L8 2 N1
 loga1 = 0 L log1= 0 M loga = 1 N loga = 0 e¨vL¨v : log10100 = log10(10)2 = 2log1010 = 2
23. x abvZ¥K ev FYvZ¥K hvB †nvK, ax me©`v Ñ (mnR) 1
29. log39 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 abvZ¥K L FYvZ¥K M fMœvsk N `kwgK
1 K0 L1 M5  25
K3 L M –3  –2 e¨vL¨v : log5x = 2 ev, 52 = x  x = 25
3
1
2
−1
2
43. logx25 = 4 n‡j x Gi gvbÑ (ga¨g)
−2
(1)
e¨vL¨v : log3 9 = log3 3 = log3(3 )
K2 L2 2  5 N4
= log33 = − 2log33 = −21 = − 2 e¨vL¨v : logx25 = 4
ev, x4 = 25
1
30. loga a Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) ev, (x2)2 = 52
ev, x2 = 5
1
Ka L
a
 –1 N1 x= 5
1
1
1 44. logx27 = – 3 n‡j x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : a−1 = a  logaa = − 1 K1 L2 3 N4
31. logax = 1 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (mnR) 45. logx3y2 = a n‡j xa Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
x=a L x=1 M a=1 N x=− a K3 L2  3y2 N 3y
e¨vL¨v : logax = 1 msÁvbymv‡i, a1 = x  x = a e¨vL¨v : logx3 y = a  x = 3y2
2 a
32. †Kvb k‡Z© loga1= 0? (ga¨g)

46. logaa4 Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
1 4
Ka>0 L a1 K
2
4 M2 N
3
 a > 0, a  1 N a > 1, a  2
47. log864 Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
33. 5 5 Gi 5 wfwËK jM KZ? (ga¨g)
K1 2 M3 N4
3 5

2
L 5 M
2
N5 48. log7 + log3 = ? (mnR)
3 K log10 L log73 M 7log3  log21
3 3 3
e¨vL¨v : log55 5 = log552 = 2 log55 = 21 = 2 e¨vL¨v : log7 + log3 = log (7  3) = log21
49. 5log3 – log9 Gi mwVK gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
3 K log3 L log9  log27 N log2
34. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mwVK gvb 2
? (ga¨g)
35 243
e¨vL¨v : 5log3−log9 = log3 − log9 = log 9 = log 9 = log27
5
K log216  log66 6 M logaa4 N log4 2
3 50. 4 log5 – log125 = ? (ga¨g)
3
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, 62 = 6 6  log66 6 = 2  log5 L log4 M log23 N log25
54 625
log M e¨vL¨v : 4log5−log125 = log5 − log125 = log 125 = log125 = log5
4
35. logb a Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)

b enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 logaM L logbM M logab N1
36. loga(MN) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
i. m~PKxq ivwki gvb †ei Ki‡Z jMvwi`g eënvi Kiv nq
 loga M + loga N L loga M – loga N
ii. jMvwi`g‡K ms‡ÿ‡c logx †jLv nq
M loga M  loga N N loga M ÷ loga N
iii. x abvZ¥K ev FYvZ¥K hvB †nvK bv †Kb, ax me©`v abvZ¥K
37. loga M
N
Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K loga M ÷ loga N L loga M  loga N K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 loga M – loga N N loga M + loga N 52. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. ïay abvZ¥K msL¨vi jMvwi`g Av‡Q
3
38. log5 5 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) ii. k~b¨ ev FYvZ¥K msL¨vi jMvwi`g †bB
1 5 iii. an G n †K wfwË ejv nq
K3  M N5
3 3 1 1
e¨vL¨v : log5 5 = log5(5) = 3 log55 = 3 53. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
i. logaM = logbM  logab ii. logaMn = nlogaM
39. log3 3 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) logbM
iii. logaM =
1 1 logba
K  M1 N0
3 2
1
2 1 1 1 i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : log3 3 = log3(3) = 2 log33 = 2 1 = 2 54. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
1
40. 3log 2 + log 5 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) i. a − G a -†K n-Gi m~PK ejv nq ii. logx
n
9
= –2 n‡j x = 3
K log30  log40 M log20 N log50
iii. 3 = 27 n‡j x = 3
x
e¨vL¨v : 3log2+ log5 = log23 + log5 = log(23  5) = log40
41. log10x = 2 n‡j x Gi gvbÑ (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 10  102 M 10–2 N1 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : log10 x = 2 ev, 102 = x 55. logaa Gi gvbÑ
42. log5x = 2 n‡j x Gi gvbÑ (ga¨g) i. 1
ii. logaa  logbb Gi gv‡bi mgvb
iii. logbb Gi gv‡bi mgvb (x)
e¨vL¨v : loga y = logax − logay = 3 − 2 = 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 66. log x = KZ?
y
(KwVb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 1 3 2
56. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K
2

2
M
3
N2
i. j‡Mi wfwË †`qv bv _vK‡j me©Î GKB wfwË a‡i †bqv nq 1 3
ii. log 25 =2 log 5
e¨vL¨v : logyx = logax  logya = logax  log y = 2
a
iii. log 100 = 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 67 - 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 3
57. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : P = log216, Q = log66 6, R = log5 5 Ges S = log42
i. 2 log 10 = 2 ii. log 10 = log 5  log 2 PviwU m~PKxq ivwk|
iii. log 01 = − 1 67. Q Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 1 3 2 3
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K L M 
2 4 3 2
58. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 68. R Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
1 1 3 1 1
i. log = − 2 log 3 ii. log 9 − log 3 = log 6 K L  N
9 2 2 3 6
iii. log 4 − log 2 = log 2 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 3 3 1 1 1
e¨vL¨v : log5 5 = log5(5) = 3log55 = 3 1 = 3
59. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 69. P  Q  R Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
i. hw` ax = n nq Z‡e, x = logan ii. log 27 = x n‡j x = 6 2 1 4
3 2 L M N
log 16 3 2 5
iii. =8 3 3 1
log 2 e¨vL¨v : P  Q  R = log216  log66 6  log5 5 = 4  2  3 = 2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 70 - 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
60. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : logaa2, log42, log5 3 5 Ges log12 12 PviwU ivwk|
i. log 3 + log 4 = log 12 ii. 3 log 2 + log 5 = log 30
iii. log 21 = log 7 + log 3
70. wØZxq ivwki gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
1 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  L M2 N4
2 4
71. cÖ_g wZbwU ivwki mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : i. mwVK KviY, log3 + log4 = log(3  4) = log12
17 9 3 21
ii. mwVK bq, KviY 3log2  log5  L M N
6 4 2 6
= log23  log5 = log(8  5) = log40
iii. mwVK KviY, log21 = log(7  3) = log7 + log3 72. ivwk PviwUi mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
13 9 10 19
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K
6
L
5

3
N
9
x = log1012
P = log2 4 Ges Q = log28
61. P Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
73. x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mgvb? (ga¨g)
1
1 K  log1012 L 10 log1012
K 1 M2 N3 10
2
M log101  log102 N  log1012− log1010
62. Q Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
12
1 e¨vL¨v : x = log1012 = log1010 = log1012 − log1010
K L2 3 N4
2
63. (P + Q) Gi gvb KZ? 74. x + 1 wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mgvb? (KwVb)
K log22 L 2 log22 M 3 log22  4 log22 K log103 + log102  log103 + 2 log102
M log103 + 2 log102+1 N log103 + log102+1
e¨vL¨v : x + 1 = log1012 +1 = log1012 − log1010 +1
logax = 3 I logay = 2
= log10(3  22) −1 + 1 = log103 + 2 log102
64. loga(xy) = KZ? (ga¨g)
3
75. (log1032 + log102 )  (x + 1) = KZ?
3
K2 L3 M4 5 (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : loga(xy) = logax + logay = 3 + 2 = 5
2 3 1 1
x K  M N
65. loga ( ) = KZ?
y
(ga¨g) 3
3
2
2
3
3 2
3 e¨vL¨v : (log103 + log 2 )  (x + 1)

1 L5 M6 N 10
2
3 3 3
= 2 (log103 + 2 log102)  (x + 1) = 2 (x +1)  (x + 1) = 2

76. hw` logx324 = 4 nq Z‡e x Gi gvb KZ? 94. x2 = 3 27 n‡j x = KZ?
K 32 L4 2 3 2 N1  3 L 2 M3 N 2
e¨vL¨v : x4 = 324 = 3422 = 34( 2)4 = (3 2)4 1
x=3 2
95. wfwË †ei Ki : hLb log a = −1
3 1
77. log5{( 5)( 5 )} Gi gvb KZ? K L −1 M1 a
a
7 6 5 6
K
6
L
5

6
N
5
96. log5( 5 5)2 ( 5 5)2 Gi gvb †KvbwU?
78. log 381 = KZ? 3 5 4 6
K L  N
5 3 5 5
K3 L9 8 N 27
79. 400 Gi jM 4; wfwË KZ?
97. "x2 Gi a wfwËK jMvwi`‡gi gvb N GKwU MvwYwZK evK¨|
hw` a = 4, N = 3 nq, Z‡e x = KZ?
K5 2 L2 5 3 2 N2 3
K−8 L +8 8 N 9
80. log2128 = KZ?
98. a, b, M, N > 0, a  1, b  1 n‡j,
K6 7 M8 N9 logbM
81. log3 27 Gi gvb KZ? i. b loga M = ii. logbM = logaM  logba
logab
2 3 r
iii. logaM = r logaM
K1 L  N3
3 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
82. log1 Gi gvb †KvbwU? K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K1 L2 M3 0 99. ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`‡gi Ñ
83. log 7 + log 3 Gi gvb †KvbwU? i. wfwË e
K 21 L37 M73  log 21
ii. loge x †K In x AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq
1
84. 2
log24 Gi gvb KZ? iii. loge x †K †b‡cwiqvb jMvwi`g e‡j
K0 L 1 N2 K i I iii L i I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
2
1
85. log x = −2 n‡j x = KZ?
16
i. logaM = logbM  log ab ii. log1000 − log 10 = 2
iii. log1010 =1
1 1
K
6
L 2
4 −2
4 N 16 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
86. logab Gi wfwË KZ? K i L i I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
a Lb M 10 N ab 101. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
87. log16913 Gi gvb KZ? i. logamp = p loga m ii. 24 = 16 n‡j, log2 16 = 4
1 iii. loga(m+ n) = logam + logan
K 13 L0 M 69  wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2
88. log234 = 3 †K m~P‡Ki gva¨‡g wjL‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
 23 = 34 L 32 = 34 102. wb‡Pi Dw³¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
M 34 = log 3 N 3 log 2 = 34 i. ax = M n‡j, x = loga M
1 ii. loga1 = 0 hLb a > 0, a  1
89. log2 = KZ?
16
K2 L4 −4 N 32
iii. loga (M + N) = logaM + logaN
90. log93 = KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1 1  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K  M2 N3 103. i. log216 = 4
3 2
91. logx (251 ) = − 2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? ii. log66 6 =
3
2
1 1 iii. log2 16 = 2
K L M5  5
3 3 3 3 3 3
ab bc cd
92. log 3 + log 3 + log 3 = KZ?  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
c d a
 logb6c3 L logb3c3 M loga3b3 N log a2b6 104. i. px = qx n‡j p = q ii. log10x = − 2 n‡j x = 01
93. loga x = 1 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨?
iii. logx
1
= 2 n‡j x =
2
x=a Lx=1 16 3
Ma=1 N x Ges a mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
105. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : P = log3 218, q = log 2 3144, r = log24
i. logam  logbm  logab 106. q  r = KZ?
ii. log101000 −log1010 = 2 2 L4 M6 N8
iii. log1010 = 1 107. p  q + r = KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 1 1
K i L ii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 1 L
2
M
4
N0

œ 1  wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- i. 102 = 100 i. log10100 = 2
1 1
Kjvg-1 Kjvg-2 Kjvg-3 ii. 3−2 = ii. log3 = − 2
9 9
i. 102 = 100 i. 10 = i. log101 = 1
1
1
1
1 ii. e = ii. loge1 iii. 2−2 = iii. log2 2= −
ii. 3−2 = 2 2
9 a = 1  = 
iv 24 = 4 iv log24 = 2
1
1 iii. 101=  iii. log1010 = 
−2
iii. 2 = L. 2q Kjv‡gi duvKv RvqMv m~P‡Ki wbq‡g c~iY Kiv n‡jv :
2
i. 100 = 1 iii. 101 = 10
iv 24 = 4 iv e1= =  iv  =  logaa = 1 ii. e0 = 1 iv e1 = e
K. 1g Kjv‡gi gvb¸‡jv‡K j‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖKvk a0 = 1 a1 = a
Ki| 2 M. 3q Kjv‡gi duvKv RvqMv j‡Mi wbq‡g c~iY Kiv n‡jv :
L. m~PK wbqg AbymiY K‡i 2q Kjv‡gi duvKv RvqMv i. log10 1 = 0 iii. log1010 = 1
c~iY Ki| 4 ii. loge1 = 0 iv logee = 1
M. Kjvg 3 Gi duvKv RvqMv¸‡jv j‡Mi wbq‡g c~iY loga1 = 0
Ki| 4
K. 1g Kjv‡gi gvb¸‡jv‡K j‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv :

œ 2
cÖk- 5
 p = 6 (Ans.)
i. log10x = 2 M. cÖ`Ë ivwk, q = log42  log12 12
ii. log5 ( ) 3
5 ( 5) = p
= log4 4  log12 12
1 1
iii. log42  log12 12 = q = log4(4)2  log12 (12)2
K. (i) bs n‡Z x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 1 1
L. p Gi gvb KZ? 4 = log44  log1212
2 2
M. q Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 1 1
=  [ log44 = 1]
2 2
= (Ans.)
4
K. cÖ`Ë ivwk, log10x = 2
ev, 102 = x
œ 3
cÖk-
 x = 100 (Ans.) i. loga9 = 2
ii. logx144 = 4
L. (ii) bs n‡Z cvB, p = log5( 5) ( 5) 3
iii. log 400 + log3 2324 + log66 6

ev, 5p = 3 5 5 2 5
1 1 K. (i) bs n‡Z a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, 5p = 53 52 L. (ii) bs n‡Z x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1 1
ev, 5p = 53 + 2 M. (iii) bs mij Ki| 4
2+3  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, 5p = 5 6
5 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, loga9 = 2
ev, 5p = 56
ev, = 9 a2 [ logaN = x n‡j ax = N] 3 8 + 3 11
=4+ = = (Ans.)
 a =  3 (Ans.) 2 2 2
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk, logx144 = 4 œ 5  jM¸‡jvi wfwË GKB n‡j, jMvwi`‡gi m~Îvewj cÖ‡qvM
cÖk-
ev, x4 = 144 K‡i mij Ki :
ev, x4 = (2 3)4 K. 3 log 2 + log 5 2
10 25 81
 x = 2 3 (Ans.) L. 7 log
9
− log + 3 log
24 80
4
M. log2 5 400 + log3 2324 + log6 6 6 16 25 81
1
M. log 5 + 16 log
15
+ 12 log
24
+ 7 log
80
4
4 4
= log
2 5
(2 5) + log
3 2
(3 2) + log66(6)2  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1
= log2 5
(2 5)4 + log3 2(3 2)4 + log66( )
1+2 K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 3 log 2 + log 5
= log 23 + log5
3 = log8 + log5 = log (8  5) = log 40 (Ans)
= 4log (2 5) + 4log (3 2) + log66 10 25 81
2
2 5
3
3 2
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 7 log 9 − 2 log 24 + 3 log 80
=4+4+ [ logaa = 1]
2 10 7 25 2 81 3
=8+ =
3 19
2 2
(Ans)
= log ( ) ( ) ( )
9
− log
24
+ log
80
 10 7
25 2
81  3
œ 4  p = log2
cÖk- 8000 = x, q = log5 5  log5
3
( 5) (
3
5) +
= log 
 9( ) ( ) ( ) 
24

80 
 10 7
24 2
81 3 
5
log12 12, r = log3 2324 + log5 5 5
= log 
 9( ) ( ) ( ) 
25

80 
 25 2223 3333 
7 2 3
K. x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

L. q Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2
4
= log ( )(
 33 )(
 ) 55

2  2  2  2  5 
 25 23  3 2 34 3 
= log  2    2    4
7

M. r Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4   3   5  2  5 
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  27 . 57 26 . 32 312
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, log2 5
8000 = x
= log ( 314

54
 12 3
2 .5 )
27 + 6 . 32 + 12 . 57
ev, (2
x
5) = 8000
x
= log ( 212 . 314 . 54 + 3 )
ev, (2 5 ) = 26  53 213 . 314 . 57
ev, (2
x
5) = 26  ( 5)6
= log (212 . 314 . 57 )
x = log (213 −12 . 314 − 14 . 57−7)
ev, (2 5) = (2 5)6 = log (21 . 30 . 50)
 x = 6 (Ans.) = log (2 . 1 . 1) [ a0 = 1]
L. cÖ`Ë ivwk, = log 2 (Ans)
16 25 81
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = log5 + 16 log 15 + 12 log 24 + 7 log 80
3
q = log5 5  log5 ( 3 5) ( 5) + log12 12
16 16 25 12 81 7
1 1 1
= log5(5)3  log5 (5)3 (5)2 + log12(12)2
1
= log5 + log () () ()
15
+ log
24
+ log
80
1 1  16 12
81  7
1
( )
=  log55 3 + 2 +
3
1
2
= log 5 

16
( ) ( ) ( )
15

25
24

80 
2+3 1
 (34)7 
4 16 2 12
1 (2 ) (5 )
=  log55 6 + = log 5   3  4 
3 2  (3  5) 16 (2  3) 12 (2  5)7
1 5 1 64
5.2 .5 .3 24 28
=  log556 +
3 2
= log { 316 . 516 . 236 . 312 . 228 . 57 }
1 5 1 264 . 328 . 51 + 24
=  log55 +
3 6 2 = log { 236 + 28 . 316 + 12 . 516 + 7 }
1 5 1 264 328 525
=36+2 [ logaa = 1] = log { .
264 328 523
−
. }
1 6 1 2 1 4+5
=  + = + =
9
= (Ans.) = log {2 64 64 . 3 − 28 . 525 − 23}
28
3 5 2 5 2 10 10 2
= log {2 . 3 . 52} = log 5 = 2 log 5 (Ans)
0 0
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk, r = log3 2324 + log5 5 5 M

1
œ 6
cÖk- log
N
= log M − log N, jMvwi`‡gi m~Î¸‡jv eënvi
= log3 2
(3 2)4 + log5552 K‡i cÖgvY Ki †h,
1 a3 b3 b3 c3 c3 d3
= 4log3 2
(3 2) + log5 51 + 2 K. log c3 + log d3 + log a3 − 3 logb2c = 0 2
3 3
3 36
= 41 + log552 = 4 + log55
2 L. 3 log 25 + log 9 (2) − 2 log
16
125
= log 2 4
16 25 81 = log 50 − log 147
M. 7 log
15
+ 5 log
24
+ 3 log = log 2
80
4 = log (522) − log (723)
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = log 52 + log 2 − (2 log 7 + log 3)
a3 b3 b3 c3 c3 d3 = 2 log 5 + log 2 − (2 log 7 + log 3)
K. evgcÿ = log c3 + log d3 + log a3 − 3logb2 c = 2 log 5 + log 2 − 2 log 7 − log 3
a3 b3 b3 c3 c3 d3 = p log q + log p − p log r − log s
= log ( c3
 3  3
d a ) − log (b c )
2 3
= Wvbcÿ
= log b 3 + 3 c − logb6 c3
3
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= log b6c3 − log b6c3
= 0 = Wvbcÿ pq q2 81
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = rlog s2 − plog p3s + s log 80
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ) 2.5 52 81
36 3 = 7log 2 − 2 log 3 + 3log
L. evgcÿ = 3 log 25 + log 9 (2) − 2 log 125 16 3 2 .3 80
+ log  4 
2.5 7 52 2 34 3
36
25
3
2
= log ( ) + log ( ) − log ( )
9
16
125
3 2 = log ( )
3 2 − log ( ) 3
2 .3 2  5
27. 57 54 312
 36 2 3
2  3 4 2 = log 14 − log 6 2 + 12 3
= log ( )  ( )  ( )  2 3
3 2 .3 2 .5
 25 3 5 
27. 57 26 . 32 312
 2 .3
= log (

2
2
2
5 ) 3 (5 )
 
2 2 
3 3
6
8
6
= log ( 3 14 
5 4  12 3
2 .5 )
6 6 3 6 9
27 + 6 . 57 . 32 + 12 213 . 57 . 314
2 . 3 . 2 .5 2 = log 14 4 + 3 12 = log 14 7 12
= log (
5 .3 .2 )
6 = log ( )
6 8 8
3 .5 .2 3 .5 .2
2
= log 2 13 − 125 3
7 − 7 14 −14
= log (29 − 8) = log 2 = Wvbcÿ
= log 215030 = log 211 = log 2 (Ans.)
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ)
16 25 81 œ 8  x = 2, y = 3, z = 5
cÖk-
M. evgcÿ = 7 log 15 + 5 log 24 + 3 log 80
K. †`LvI †h, ylogx + logz = log40 2
= 7 log 16 − 7 log 15 + 5 log 25 4 2
− 5 log 24 + 3 log 81 − 3 log 80 x z 81
L. 7log zy + z log x3. y + y log 80 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
= 7 log 24 − 7 log (3  5) + 5 log 52
− 5 log (23  3) + 3 log 34 − 3 log (24  5) log y3 + logx3 − log (xz)3
= (7  4) log 2 − (7 log 3 + 7 log 5) M. logx2y − logxz
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
+ (5  2) log 5 − (5 log 23 + 5 log 3) + (3  4)
log 3 − (3 log 24 + 3 log 5)  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 28 log 2 − 7 log 3 − 7 log 5 + 10 log 5 − K. †`qv Av‡Q, x = 2, y = 3, z = 5
15 log 2 − 5 log 3 + 12 log 3 − 12 log 2 − 3 log 5
= 28 log 2 − 15 log 2 − 12 log 2 − 7 log 3 evgcÿ = y log x + log z
− 5 log 3 + 12 log 3 − 7 log 5 + 10 log 5 − 3 log 5 = 3 log 2 + log 5
= (28 − 15 − 12) log 2 + (−7 − 5 + 12) log 3 + = log 23 + log 5
(− 7 + 10 − 3) log 5 = log 8 + log 5
= 1  log 2 + 0  log 3 + 0  log 5 = log (8  5)
= log 2 + 0 + 0 = log 40 = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= log 2 = Wvbcÿ
x4 z2 81
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ) L. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 7 log zy + z log x3. y + y log 80
œ 7  p = 2, q = 5, r = 7, s = 3
cÖk- = 7 log
24 52
+ 5 log 3 + 3log
81
35 2 .3 80
K. †`LvI †h, log 21 = log r + log s 2
24 7 5
= log   + log  35  + 3log  43 
2 4
50
L. †`LvI †h, log 147 = log p + p log q − log s − p logr 4 3  5 2  3 2  5
24 7 52 5 3
= log   + log  3  + log  43 
4
pq q2 81
M. r log 2 − p log 3 + s log
s ps 80
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki 4 3  5 2  3 2  5
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = log 7
228 510
+ log 15 5 + log 12
312
3 5 7 2 .3 2  53
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 2, q = 5, r = 7, s = 3 2 28 5 10 312
evgcÿ = log 21 = log (7  3) = log 7
3 5 7 + log 15 5 + log 12
2 .3 2  53
= log 7 + log 3 = log r + log s 28
2 .5 .310 12 228.510.312
= Wvbcÿ = log 7 + 5 15 + 12 7 + 3 = log 12 27 10
3 .2 .5 3 .2 .5
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) = log 228 − 27. 510 − 10312 − 12
50 = log 21. 5030 = log 211 = log 2 (Ans.)
L. evgcÿ = log
147
log y3
+ − log
logx3 (xz)3 K. 5 log 5 − log 25 2
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = logx2y − logxz 3 3 6
L. log5 5 + log5 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) + log6 6 + log216 4
log 33 + log 23 − log (2.5)3
= log 27 + log8 − log 1000
log(22.3) − log(2.5)
M. log 1.2
4
1 1
=
log (33)2 + log 8 − log {(10)3}2  9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
log12 − log10
3 3 K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 5 log 5 − log 25
= log 55 − log52
log 32 + log 64 − log (10)2
= 55
3
log (12  10)
1 3
= log
52 ()
log 32 + log (64)2 − log (10)2 = log 5(5 − 2) = log 53 = log 125 (Ans)
= 3 3 6
log (1.2)
L. log5 5 + log5 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) + log6 6 + log216
1
3 3 1 1 1 1
log 3 + log (43)2 − log 10
2 2 = log (5)3 + log (5)3 (5)2 + log (6)6 + log 24
= 5 5 6 2
log 1.2 1 1
3 1 + 1
3 3 =  log 5 + log (5)3 2 + 6  log 6 + 4  log 2
log 3 + log 42 − log 10 3 5 5 6 2
2 2 5
= 1 1
log1.2 =  1 + log 56 +  1 + 4  1 [ log a = 1]
3 3 3 3 5 6 a
log 3 + log 4 − log 10 1 5 1
2 2 2 = +  log 5 + + 4
= 3 6 5 6
log 1.2
3 3 1 5 1 2 + 5 + 1 + 24 32 16
log (3  4  10) log 1.2 = + + +4= = = (Ans.)
2 2 3 3 6 6 6 6 3
= = = (Ans.)
log 1.2 log 1.2 2 M. cvVëB‡qi 80bs c„ôvi D`vniY 11bs mgvavb †`L|
œ 9  jM¸‡jvi wfwË GKB n‡j, jMvwi`‡gi m~Îvewj cÖ‡qvM
cÖk-
K‡i mij Ki :

m+1 m+1 2m + 1 22m + 2
œ 10  A = (22m)m−1 , B = (2m−1
4 3
 2
cÖk- )m+1
, C = 400, D = 7. 7 =
2m − m 2m − 1
2
Ges E = 2. = 2m+1− m +m  22m+2 − m

2 2
+1
= 21+2m − m  23+2m−m
2 2
K. loga9 = E n‡j a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2

= 2(1+2m − m ) − (3+2m+m )
2 2
L. A  B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4

1
M. mij Ki : log C + log7D + log4E 4 = 2 −2 = 2
2
2 5
1
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = (Ans.)
4
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, loga9 = E 3
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = 400, D = 7 7, E = 2
ev, loga9 = 2 [ E = 2]
cÖ`Ë ivwk = log C + log7D + log4E
ev, 9 = a2 [ x = logaN n‡j ax = N] 2 5
ev, a2 = (3)2 = log 400 + log7

3
7. 7 + log42
 a = 3 (Ans.) 2 5
1 1 1
2m+1 4m+1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = (2m)m−1 , B = (2m−1)m+1 = log (20)2 + log773.72 + log442
2 5
2m+1 4m+1 1 1
GLb, A  B = (2m)m−1  (2m−1)m+1 + 1
= log (2  2  5)2 + log773 2 + log44
2 5 2
2m+1 (22)m+1
= m m−1  (m−1)(m+1) 1
2+3
(2 ) 2 = log {(2 5)2}2 + log77 6 + log44
2 5 2
5
1 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 1000
= log {(2 5)4 + log776 + .1 [ logaa = 1]
2 5 2 evgcÿ = log10a
5 1 = log10 1000
= 4log 2 5 + log77 +
2 5 6 2 = log10 (10)3
5 1 5 1 3
= 4.1 + . 1 + = 4 + + 2 3
6 2 6 2 = log10(10) = log1010
24 + 5 + 3 32 16 2
= = = (Ans.) 3 3
6 6 3 = . 1 = = Wvbcÿ
2 2
œ 11  p = 2, q = 3 Ges r = 5 n‡j,
cÖk- 3
50  log10a = (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2
K. †`LvI †h, log 81 = log p + 2log r = 4log q 2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
L. log3 
p
 + log3  r + log3q q − log3 r Gi
15 24 80
 q p x=
16
,y= ,z=
25 81
mijxKiY Ki| 4 GLb, 16 log10x + 12 log10y + 7log10z
15 24 80
log q3 + logp3 − log (pr)3 = 16 log10 + 12 log10 + 7log10
M. log1.2
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 16 25 81
15 16 24 12 80 7
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = log10 ( )
16 ( ) ( )
+ log10
25
+ log10
81
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 2, q = 3 Ges r = 5 = log10  
15 16 24 12 80 7
evgcÿ = log81
50 ( ) ( ) ( )
 16 . 25 . 81 
= log10 
3516 3812 5167
= log50 − log81  16  .  25  . 81  
= log(52  2) − log34 316.516 312(23)12 57.167
= log52 + log2 − 4log3
= log10 [ (16)16
.
(5)24
. ]
(3)28
= 2log5 + log2 − 4log3 3 .3 .5 .5 .(2) .167
16 12 16 7 36
= log2 + 2log5 − 4log3
= log p + 2log r − 4log q
= log10 [ (16)16.(5)24.328 ]
3 12.516 + 7.(24)9.167
16 +
50
= Wvbcÿ = log10 [ −
(3)28.(5)24.(6)16 ]
 log = log p + 2log r − 4log q (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) = log10[3 28 28 .523 − 24.169 + 7 − 16] [ (24)9 = (16)9]
81
= log10[3.5−1.160]
log3   + log3   + log3q q − log3 r
p r
L. 1
 q  p  [ ]
= log10 1. .1
5
= log3  + log3  + log33 3 − log3 5 [gvb
2 5 1
 3 2 ewm‡q] = log10 ()
5
(Ans.)
= log3  2  3 3 − log3 5
2 5 15 24 80
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 16 , y = 25 , z = 81
 3  5 1
= log33 5 − log3 5  log6 + log6 + log3 3
xy xz
= log3
3 5 1
= log33 = 1 (Ans.)
 5 = log6
5
+ log6
1 2
+ log3(3) [gvb ewm‡q]
15 24 15 80
log q + logp3 − log (pr)3 . .
M. log12
16 25 16 81
5 1 1
log 33 + log23 − log 2.53 = log6
33
+ log6
55 2
+ log33
=
log 12 25 27
log 27 + log8 − log 1000 5 1 1
= = log6 + log6 + log33
log 12 9 25 2
Abykxjbx 4.2 Gi, D`vniY 11 bs mgvavb †`L| 10 27
5  10 27 1
œ 12  x = 15 24 80
cÖk- 16
,y= ,z=
25 81
Ges a = 1000 = log6
9
+ log6 + [ logaa = 1]
25 2

= log6   1
5 10 27 1 1
 9  25 + 2 = log6 6 + 2 = 1 + 2
3
K. †`LvI †h, log10a = 2 2
3
L. 16log10x + 12log10y + 7log10z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = (Ans.)
2
(5) (1)
M. log6 xy + log6 xz + log3, 3 = KZ? 4

x y bx+1 (3b)x +1
œ 13 
cÖk- + = 3 n‡j, M. (bx)x − 1  (bx +1)x+1  b− 2 Gi gvb KZ? 4
y x
K. †`LvI †h, (x + y)2 = 9xy. 2 3
1 1
DËi : K. 12 ; L. 2; M. 1
L. †`LvI †h, log(x + y) = log3 + 2 logx + 2 logy. 4
x  a2+ b 2
M. †`LvI †h, 4 log(x − y) = 2log5 + 2logx + 2logy. œ 18  a3 + b3 + c3 = 1 Ges (a + b) log2  xab  + (b +

4 cÖk-
œ 14  p = 2, q = 3, r = 5
cÖk- xb + c 
2 2
xc + a 
2 2
c)log2 bc  + (c + a)log2 ca  GKwU jM msewjZ ivwk|

K. †`LvI †h, qlogp + plogq + plogr = log1800 2  x   x 
2 2
pr r2 q4 x a + b

()
L. †`LvI †h, 7log q2 − plog p3q + qlog p4r = log2 4 K. (a + b)log2 xab  mijxKiY Ki| 2
qlog q + qlogp −qlog r − qlog p
M. logp2 + logq − log p − logr
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 L. cÖ`Ë jM msewjZ ivwkwUi gvb KZ? 4
3
DËi : M. q
p M. hw` x = 4 2 nq Z‡e ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß gvb KZ n‡e? 4
7
œ 15  a = 2, b = 3, c = 5 Ges d = 7 n‡j,
cÖk- DËi : K. (a3 + b3) log2x ; L. 2log2x; M. 3
K. b loga + log c Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 16 25 81
ac c2 b4 œ 19  a = 15 , b = 24, c = 80 Ges d = 1000
cÖk-
L. †`LvI †h, d log b2 − a loga3b + b log a4c = log2 4
a4 c2 b4
K. d Gi 10 wfwË jMvwi`g KZ? 2
M. logc + a4log bc + a2b log a3b + d log a4c Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 L. 16 log a + 12 log b + 7 log c Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
10 10 10
DËi : K. log40; M. alogc M. †`LvI †h, log6(5ab) + log6(ac) + log3 3 = log10d 4
œ 16  logaM = x Ges logb M = y
cÖk- 7
2 DËi : K. (a + b ) logx ; L. 2logx; M. 3
3 3
K. a I b Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki|
L. logab Gi gvb KZ? 4 cÖk-
œ 20  wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv co Ges mgm¨v¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
1
M. †`LvI †h, logba = logab 4 a = 2, b = 3 Ges c = 5
K. †`LvI †h, log(a3b2c) = bloga + alogb + logc 2
x a4 c2 b4
DËi : K. ax = by; L. y L. a4logbc + a2blog a3b + (a + b) log a4c − logc Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
œ 17  a = 2; b = 3, c = 4 Ges d = 5
cÖk- log b3 + bloga −
b
log(ac)
a
K. a − {a−1 + (b−1 − a)−1}−1 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 M. Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
logab − logc
log b3 + loga3 − log (ad)3 4 5 3
L. log ad Gi gvb KZ? 4 DËi : L. 41log
9
; M. |
2
A b yk xj b x 4 .3

 msL¨vi êÁvwbK iƒc
m~P‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv A‡bK eo ev A‡bK †QvU msL¨v‡K †QvU I mnR AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb,
Av‡jvi MwZ = 300000 wK.wg./†m. = 300000000 wgUvi/†m.
= 3  100000000 wg/†m. = 3  108 wg/†m.
myweavi Rb¨ A‡bK eo ev A‡bK †QvU msL¨v‡K a  10n AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq, †hLv‡b, 1  a < 10 Ges n  Z †Kv‡bv msL¨vi
a  10 iƒc‡K ejv nq msL¨vwUi êÁvwbK iƒc|
n
 jMvwi`g c×wZ
jMvwi`g c×wZ `yB ai‡bi :
(K) ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`g (Natural Logarithm) : ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi MwYZwe` Rb †bwcqvi (John Napier : 1550-1617) 1614 mv‡j e †K wfwË
a‡i cÖ_g jMvwi`g m¤úwK©Z eB cÖKvk K‡ib| e GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v, e = 271828| Zuvi GB jMvwi`g‡K †bwcwiqvb jMvwi`g ev e
wfwËK jMvwi`g ev ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`gI ejv nq| loge x †K ln x AvKv‡iI †jLv nq|
(L) mvaviY jMvwi`g (Common Logarithm) : Bsj¨v‡Ûi MvwYZwe` †nbwi weªMm (Henry Briggs : 1561−1630) 1624 mv‡j 10 †K
wfwË K‡i jMvwi`‡gi †Uwej (jM †Uwej ev jM mviwY) ˆZwi K‡ib| Zuvi GB jMvwi`g‡K weªMm jMvwi`g ev 10 wfwËK jMvwi`g ev
eënvwiK jMvwi`gI ejv nq|
`ªóe¨ : jMvwi`‡gi wfwËi D‡jøL bv _vK‡j ivwki (exRMwYZxq) †ÿ‡Î e †K Ges msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î 10 †K wfwË wn‡m‡e aiv nq| jM
mviwY‡Z wfwË 10 ai‡Z nq|
 mvaviY jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K I AskK
(K) c~Y©K (Characteristics) : awi, GKwU msL¨v N †K êÁvwbK AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i cvB, N = a  10n, †hLv‡b N > 0, 1  a < 10 Ges
n  Z| Dfq c‡ÿ 10 wfwË‡Z jM wb‡q cvB, log10N = log10(a  10 )
n
 log10N= log10a + log1010n wfwË 10 Dn¨ †i‡L cvB, log N = n + log a; n †K ejv nq logN Gi c~Y©K|
`ªóe¨ : 1 c~Y©K abvZ¥K ev FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ AskK me©`v abvZ¥K|
`ªóe¨ : 2 †Kv‡bv c~Y©K FYvZ¥K n‡j, c~Y©KwUi ev‡g Ô−Õ wPý bv w`‡q c~Y©KwUi Dc‡i ÔÑÕ (evi wPý) w`‡q †jLv nq|
†hgb, c~Y©K − 3 †K †jLv nq −3 w`‡q| Zv bv n‡j AskKmn j‡Mi m¤ú~Y© AskwU FYvZ¥K †evSv‡e|
(L) AskK (Mantissa) : †Kv‡bv msL¨vi mvaviY j‡Mi AskK 1 A‡cÿv †QvU GKwU AFYvZ¥K msL¨v| GwU g~jZ Ag~j` msL¨v| Z‡e GKwU
wbw`©ó `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ Ask‡Ki gvb †ei Kiv nq|
†Kv‡bv msL¨vi j‡Mi AskK jM ZvwjKv †_‡K †ei Kiv hvq| Avevi Zv K¨vjKz‡jU‡ii mvnv‡hÏ †ei Kiv hvq|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ †Kvb k‡Z© a0 = 1?  225  10−2 N. 225  10−1
K. a = 0  a0 M. a > 0 N. a  1 e¨vL¨v : 00225 = 225  10−2
3 3
cÖkœ \ 2 \ 5 5 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (3) msL¨vwUi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K KZ?
− −
K. 5
6
L. ( 5)
3 3
M. ( 5)3 
3
25
2 L. 1 M. 0 N. 2
e¨vL¨v : 00225 = 225  10−2
3 3 3 3 −
e¨vL¨v : 5 5= 55= 25  00225 Gi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K = −2 ev 2
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †Kvb k‡Z© logaa = 1?
K. a > 0 L. a  1  a > 0, a  1 N. a  0, a > 1 cÖkœ \ 9 \ êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki :
cÖkœ \ 4 \ logx 4 = 2 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? (K) 6530
2 L.  2 M. 4 N. 10 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ¯^vfvweK ivwk = 6530
e¨vL¨v : logx4 = 2 ev, x2 = 4 ev, x2 = 22  x = 2 = 653  10
n
cÖkœ \ 5 \ GKwU msL¨v‡K a  10 AvKv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ kZ© †KvbwU? =
653
 100  10
K. 1 < a < 10 L. 1  a  10 100
 1  a < 10 N. 1 < a  10 =
653
 102  10
cÖkœ \ 6 \ wb‡Pi Dw³¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 100
i. loga (m)p = ploga m = 653  103
ii. 24 = 16 Ges log216 = 4 mgv_©K wb‡Y©q êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 653  103
iii. loga (m + n) = loga m + loga n (L) 60831
Dw³¸‡jvi †cÖwÿ‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ¯^vfvweK ivwk = 60831
 i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 60831 60831
= =  10
cÖkœ \ 7 \ 00035 Gi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K KZ? 1000 10000
1
= 60831  10
K. 3 L. 1 M. −2 3
−
wb‡Y©q êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 60831  101
e¨vL¨v : 00035 = 35  10 −3
− (M) 0000245
 00035 Gi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K = −3 ev 3
cÖkœ \ 8 \ 00225 msL¨vwU we‡ePbv K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ¯^vfvweK ivwk = 0000245
245 1
(1) msL¨vwUi an AvKvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU? = = 245  6
1000000 10
K. (25)2 L. (015)2 =
245
 100  6
1
M. (15) 2
 (15)
2 100 10
102
e¨vL¨v : 00225 = 015  015 = (15)2 = 245  6 = 245  (10)2 − 6
10
(2) msL¨vwUi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? = 245  10−4
K. 225  10−4 L. 225  10−3 wb‡Y©q êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 245  10− 4
(N) 37500000 4820msL¨vwU‡Z A‡¼i msL¨v 4 wU
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ¯^vfvweK ivwk = 37500000  msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K = 4 − 1 = 3 (Ans.)
= 375  100000
= 375  105 (L) 72245
375 mgvavb : 72245 = 72245  101
=  100  105  msL¨vwUi j‡Mi c~Y©K 1
100
=
375
 102  105 Ab¨fv‡e, msL¨vwUi `kwg‡Ki ev‡g A_©vr c~Y© As‡k 2wU A¼ Av‡Q|
100
 msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K = 2 − 1 = 1 (Ans.)
= 375  107
wb‡Y©q êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 375  107 (M) 1734
(O) 000000014 mgvavb : 1734 = 1734  100
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë êÁvwbK ivwk = 000000014  msL¨vwUi c~Y©K 0
14 1 Ab¨fv‡e, msL¨vwUi `kwg‡Ki ev‡g A_©vr c~Y© As‡k 1wU A¼ Av‡Q|
= = 14  8
100000000 10  msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K = 1 − 1 = 0 (Ans.)
14 1 10
=
10
 10  8 = 14 
10 8
(N) 0045
10 mgvavb : 0045 = 45  10−2
= 14  (10)1 − 8
−
= 14  10−7  msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K − 2 ev, 2
wb‡Y©q êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 14  10−7 Ab¨fv‡e, msL¨vwUi `kwgK we›`y I Gi cieZ©x cÖ_g mv_©K
cÖkœ \ 10 \ mvaviY `kwgKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki : A¼ 4 Gi gv‡S 1wU 0 (k~b¨) Av‡Q|
(K) 105 −
 msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K = − (1 + 1) = − 2 ev, 2 (Ans.)
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë êÁvwbK ivwk = 105
= 10  10  10  10  10 = 100000 (O) 0000036
wb‡Y©q mvaviY `kwgKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 100000 mgvavb : 0000036 = 36  10−5
−
(L) 10 − 5  msL¨vwUi c~Y©K − 5 ev, 5
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë êÁvwbK ivwk = 10−5 Ab¨fv‡e, msL¨vwUi `kwgK we›`y I Gi cieZ©x cÖ_g mv_©K
1 1 A¼ 3 Gi gv‡S 4wU 0 (k~b¨) Av‡Q|
= 5 = 100000 = 000001
−
wb‡Y©q mvaviY `kwgKiƒ‡c
10
cÖKvwkZ ivwk 000001  msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K = − (4 + 1) = − 5 ev, 5 (Ans.)
(M) 253  104 cÖkœ \ 12 \ K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i wb‡Pi msL¨v¸‡jvi mvaviY
j‡Mi c~Y©K I AskK wbY©q Ki :
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë êÁvwbK ivwk = 253  104
253
(K) 27
= 100  10000 = 25300 mgvavb : K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Kwi :
wb‡Y©q mvaviY `kwgKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 25300 AC log 27 = 143136
(N) 9813  10−3  log 27 Gi c~Y©K 1 Ges AskK 43136
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë êÁvwbK ivwk = 9813  10−3 (L) 63147
9813 1 9813
= 1000  103 = 1000  1000
1 mgvavb : K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Kwi :
AC log 63.147 = 180035
9813
= 1000000 = 0009813  log 63147 Gi c~Y©K 1 Ges AskK 80035
wb‡Y©q mvaviY `kwgKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 0009813 (M) 1405
(O) 312  10−5 mgvavb : K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Kwi :
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë êÁvwbK ivwk = 312  10−5 AC log 1.405 = 014765
312 1
= 100  105  log 1405 Gi c~Y©K 0 Ges AskK 014765
312 1 (N) 00456
=  mgvavb : K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Kwi :
100 100000
312
= 10000000 AC log 0.0456 = − 265896
−
= 00000312  log 00456 Gi c~Y©K − 2 ev, 2 Ges AskK 65896
wb‡Y©q mvaviY `kwgKiƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ivwk 00000312 (O) 0000673
cÖkœ \ 11 \ wb‡Pi msL¨v¸‡jvi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K †ei Ki mgvavb : K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Kwi :
(K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi bv K‡i) : AC log 0.000673 = − 482802
(K) 4820 −
mgvavb : 4820 = 4820  1000 = 4820  103  log 0000673 Gi c~Y©K − 4 ev, 4 Ges AskK 82802
 msL¨vwU‡Z j‡Mi c~Y©K 3 cÖkœ \ 13 \ ¸Yd‡ji/fvMd‡ji mvaviY jM (Avmbœ cuvP `kwgK ¯’vb
Ab¨fv‡e, †Ìqv Av‡Q, msL¨vwU = 4820 ch©šÍ) wbY©q Ki :
(K) 534  87 mgvavb : log 28 = log (2  2  7)
mgvavb : log (534  87) = log 2 + log 2 + log 7
= 030103 + 030103 + 084510
= log 534 + log 87 [K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i] [ log 2 = 030103, log 7 = 084510]
= 0727541 + 0939519
= 144716 (Ans)
= 166706 (Ans) [cuvP `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ]
(M) log 42
(L) 079  056
mgvavb : log (079  056) mgvavb : log 42
= log (2  3  7)
= log 079 + log 056 [K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i] = log 2 + log 3 + log 7
= − 0102373 + (−0251811)
= 030103 + 047712 + 084510 = 162325 (Ans)
= − 0102373 − 0251811
= − 035418 cÖkœ \ 15 \ †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 1000 Ges y = 00625
− K. x †K anbn AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki, †hLv‡b a I b †gŠwjK msL¨v|
= 035418 (cuvP `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) (Ans)
L. x I y Gi ¸Ydj‡K êÁvwbK AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki|
(M) 222642  342
M. xy Gi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K I AskK wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : log (222642  342)
= log 222642 − log 342 mgvavb :
= 1347607 − 05340261 K. x = 1000
= 08135808 ev, x = 103
= 081358 (Ans) [cuvP `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ] ev, x = (2  5)3
(N) 019926  324 ev, x = 23  53
mgvavb : log (019926  324)
 x Gi a b AvKv‡i cÖKvk 2  5 (Ans)
n n 3 3
= log 019926 − log 324
= −07005798 −1570545 L. xy = 1000  00625
= −221112 (cuvP `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) = 625 = 625  101
−  x I y Gi ¸Yd‡ji êÁvwbK AvKvi 625  101 (Ans.)
= 2 21112 (Ans)
M. log (xy)
cÖkœ \ 14 \ hw` log 2 = 030103, log 3 = 047712 Ges log 7 = log x + log y
= 084510 nq, Z‡e wb‡Pi ivwk¸‡jvi gvb wbY©q Ki : = log1000 + log 00625
(K) log 9 = log103 + log00625
= 3log10 + (−1204119983)
mgvavb : log 9 = log (3  3) = 3  1− 1204119983
= log 3 + log 3 = 3 −120412
= 047712 + 047712 [ log 3 = 047712] = 179588
= 095424 (Ans)  log(xy) Gi c~Y©K 1 Ges AskK 79588 (Ans.)
(L) log 28

1. 0.000345 msL¨vwUi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K KZ? 4. a  10n n‡jv †Kv‡bv msL¨v‡K êÁvwbK AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ
− − iƒc, †hLv‡bÑ
K5 4 K 1 < a < 10 L 1 < a  10
M3 N4 M 1  a  10  1  a < 10
2. GKwU msL¨v p  10m AvKv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ kZ© †KvbwU? 5. jMvwi`g c×wZ‡ZÑ
K 1 < p < 10  1  p < 10 i. exRMwYZxq ivwki †ÿ‡Î e wfwËK jM nq
M 1  p  10 N 1 < p  10
ii. msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î 10 †K wfwË wn‡m‡e ai‡Z nq
iii. jM mviwY‡Z j‡Mi wfwË 10 ai‡Z nq
3. 62.542 Gi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K KZ?
K0 1 M2 N3

6. †Kv‡bv msL¨vi êÁvwbK ev Av`k©iƒc †jLv nq wb‡Pi
45 : msL¨vi êÁvwbKiƒc †KvbwU? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K n  10a  a  10n M a  10n N 10  an
7. êÁvwbK msL¨vi Av`k©iƒc a  10n GLv‡b n Gi mxgv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K n R  nℤ M n N L n Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
8. a  10n AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ †Kv‡bv êÁvwbK msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 21. 00000000037 †m.wg.-
K 1 ≤ a ≤ 10 L 1  a  10 i. 37  10-10 †m.wg. ii. 37  10-9 †m.wg.
 1 ≤ a  10 N a8
iii. 37  10 †m.wg.
-9
9. a  10n AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ êÁvwbK msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î n Gi gvb
Kxiƒc? (mnR)
 c~Y©msL¨v L g~j` M Ag~j` N ¯^vfvweK
10. Av‡jvi †eM cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 300000000 wg n‡j Gi êÁvwbK i. 735 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc = 735  102
iƒ‡c cÖKvk wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) ii. 00176 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc = 176  10-4
K 3  10 wg L 3  10 wg M 3  10 wg  3  10 wg
5 6 7 8
iii. 00245 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc = 245  10-2
11. GKwU nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYyi e¨vmva© 00000000037 †m.wg. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N ïay iii
K 37  10−10 †m.wg.  37  10−9 †m.wg. 735
e¨vL¨v : i. mwVK KviY, 735 = 100  100 = 735  102
M 037  10 †m.wg.
−10 N 037  10−9 †m.wg.
37 ii. mwVK bq, KviY, 00176 = 176  10
-2
e¨vL¨v : 00000000037 †m.wg. = 10000000000 †m.wg. 245 245

iii. mwVK KviY, 00245 = 10000 =  100
= 37  10−10 †m.wg. 100  10000
= 245  10−2
= 37  10  10−10 †m.wg.
= 37  10−9 †m.wg.
12. 735-Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) i. m~h© n‡Z ï‡µi `~iZ¡ 10560,00,00 wK.wg n‡j Gi
K 735  10–2 L 735  10–1
êÁvwbK iƒc 1056  108
 735  10 2 N 735  103
ii. mKj abvZ¥K ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv hvq
735 iii. 705 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc 705  103
e¨vL¨v : 735 = 100  100 = 735  102
13. 58953-Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)  i I ii M i I iii L ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 5895  10–4  5895  104 e¨vL¨v : iii mwVK bq, KviY 705 = 705  102
M 58953  105 N 58953  10–5
58953 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
e¨vL¨v : 58953 = 10000  10000 = 58953  104
14. 0000325-Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 24 - 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 325  10– 4 L 325  104 x = 58000000 wK.wg., y = 450000000 wK.wg.
M 325  106 N 325  10–6 24. x Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
15. 000000000174-Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K 58  105 L 58  106  58  107 N 58  108
K 174  10–8 L 174  10–7 25. y Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wgUvi GK‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 174  10–9 N 174  10–10 K 45  1011 L 45  109  45  108 N 45  107
16. 37560000000000-Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 26. y − x Gi êÁvwbKiƒc KZ? (KwVb)
K 375  10–12 L 3756  1012  392  108 L 392  109
M 375  10–13  375  1013 M 392  1010 N 392  1011
17. 00176 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 27 - 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 176  10-2 L 176  103 x = 365  10-3, y = 00075
M 176  10-3 N 176  10-4 27. y Gi êÁvwbK iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
176
e¨vL¨v : 00176 = 10000 = 176  102  10−4 = 176  10−2  75  10-3 L 75  10-4 M 75  10-4 N 075  10-2
18. 0000000125 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)

28. x + y †K êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
K 1115  10-3 L 1015  10-2
K 0125  10–6 L 125  10–8
M 1115  10-4  1115  10-2
M 125  10–9  125  10–7
e¨vL¨v : x + y = 365  10 −3 + 75  10 −3 = 1115  10 −3 = 1115  10 −2
19. m~h© †_‡K †bcPz‡bi `~iZ¡ 4500000000 wK.wg| Gi 29. y − x Gi êÁvwbKiƒc KZ? (ga¨g)
êÁvwbKiƒc †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 315  10-4 L 315  10-2  35  10-3 N 315  10-1
 45  10
9 L 45  10
–9
M 45  108 N 45  107 46 : jMvwi`g c×wZ

e¨vL¨v : 4500000000 = 45  109
30. jMvwi`g c×wZ KZ ai‡bi? (mnR)
20. m~P‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv mnR AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvwi−  `yB L wZb M Pvi N Qq
i. A‡bK eo msL¨v‡K ii. A‡bK †QvU msL¨v‡K
31. Rb †bwcqvi †Kvb †`‡ki MwYZwe`? (mnR)
iii. ïay FYvZ¥K msL¨v‡K K Bsj¨v‡Ûi L fvi‡Zi M †bcv‡ji  ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi
32. e †K wfwË a‡i jMvwi`g cÖKvk K‡ib †K? (mnR) a Ln M log n N log a
 Rb †bwcqvi L †b‡cvwjqvb M wbDUb N Rb †MÖMwi 47. 4 A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
33. †Kvb weÁvbx me©cÖ_g jM mviwY cÖeZ©b K‡ib? (mnR) K 0 L 1 M2 3
K †i‡b †`Kv‡Z©  †nbwi weªMm M Rb †fb N RR© K¨v›Ui 48. 8350-Gi j‡Mi c~Y©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K2 L1 M0 3
34. e = 271828 †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : log 8 350 Gi c~Y©K, 4 − 1 = 3
K g~j` msL¨v  Ag~j` msL¨v
49. 6237-Gi j‡Mi c~Y©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
M FYvZ¥K msL¨v N fMœvsk msL¨v
K4 L3 M2 1
35. ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`g wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : 6237 msL¨vwU 1 †_‡K eo| Gi `kwgK we›`yi c~‡e© `yBwU A¼
K log 2 L log e M log   loge x Av‡Q| myZivs log 6237 Gi c~Y©K, 2 − 1 = 1
36. mvaviY jMvwi`g wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 50. 842 Gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
K In x L loge x  log 2 N loge a
K1 2 M3 N 4
37. logex †K Kx iƒ‡c †jLv hvq? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : 842 Gi c~Y©K (3 − 1) = 2
K xe  lnx M logxe N loge
51. 04305 Gi jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
38. jM mviwY‡Z wfwË KZ ai‡Z nq? (mnR)
−
K1  10 M 100 Ne K4 L3 1 N 1
39. jMvwi`‡gi wfwËi D‡jøL bv _vK‡j msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi 52. 75249 Gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
†KvbwU‡K wfwË wn‡m‡e aiv nq? (mnR) 0 L1 M2 N 3
Ka Le M 100  10 e¨vL¨v : 75249 Gi c~Y©K (1 − 1) = 0
40. weªMm jMvwi`‡gi wfwË KZ? (mnR) 53. 000021 Gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
Ke L M0  10 −
4 L4 M3 N 2
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi −
e¨vL¨v : 000021 Gi c~Y©K (3 + 1) = 4
41. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki 54. 0000435 Gi j‡Mi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
i. jMvwi`g c×wZ `yB ai‡bi − −
K4 4 M3 N 3
ii. e = 271828 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v
55. 6754 Gi jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)
iii. weªMm jMvwi`‡gi wfwË 100
− −
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K3 2 M3 N 2
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 56. N = 10n n‡j log N Gi AskK KZ? (ga¨g)
42. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 0 L1 Me N 3
i. loge X †K xn x AvKv‡iI †jLv nq 57. †Kv‡bv msL¨vi j‡Mi AskK †ei Kiv hvq wb‡Pi †Kvb ZvwjKv
ii. jMvwi`‡gi wfwËi D‡jøL bv _vK‡j exRMwYZxq ivwki †_‡K? (mnR)
†ÿ‡Î e †K wfwË wn‡m‡e aiv nq  jM ZvwjKv L cÖwZjM ZvwjKv
iii. jMvwi`‡gi wfwËi D‡jøL bv _vK‡j msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î 10 M ms‡hvM ZvwjKv N AšÍi ZvwjKv
†K wfwË wn‡m‡e aiv nq 58. log 4857 Gi AskK− (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  068637 L 067549 M 045321 N 054329
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 59. K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Ki‡j 2717 Gi AskK KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  043408 L 10043408 M 43408 N 43408
60. log0000456 Gi AskK-
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 43 - 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 054321 L 034972  065896 N 097347
log x I log 100 `ywU jMvwi`wgK ivwk 61. 03826 Gi j‡Mi AskK KZ? (ga¨g)
K 41725 L 041725  05828 N 00041725
43. 2q ivwk Kx ai‡bi jMvwi`g? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : 03826 = 3826  10−1
K ¯^vfvweK  mvaviY M e- wfwËK N †b‡cvwjqvb  AskK = log3826 = 5828
44. 1g ivwkwUi wfwË wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 62. loge 10 = KZ? (ga¨g)
1  230259 (cÖvq) L 23259 (cÖvq)
K Lx M 10 e
2 M 330259 (cÖvq) N 33259 (cÖvq)
e¨vL¨v : logx ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`g nIqvq Gi wfwË e|
63. 324 Gi jM wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
45. 2q ivwkwUi mvaviY jMvwi`g Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) K 254321  251054 M 235972 N 274932
1
K 1 M 5 N 10 e¨vL¨v : AC log 324 = 251054
2
e¨vL¨v : 2
log10 100 = log10 10 = log1010 = 1 64. 927 Gi jM wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 096708 L 058932 M 075292 N 032195
47 : mvaviY jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K I AskK 65. log 7 = KZ? (ga¨g)
K 091929 L 071419  042255 N 0211275
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 66. log6 = KZ? (ga¨g)
46. log N = a + logn n‡j, log N Gi c~Y©K KZ? (mnR)  0 77815 L 063093 M 017609 N 0143627
e¨vL¨v : log6 = log(2  3) = log2 + log3 = 030103 + 047712 = 077815 i. †Kv‡bv msL¨vi mvaviY j‡Mi AskK 1 A‡cÿv †QvU GKwU
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi AFYvZ¥K msL¨v
ii. N = 10n n‡j, log N Gi AskK k~b¨
67. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : iii. log 281 Gi c~Y©K k~b¨
i. logN = n + log-G, n †K ejv n‡jv logN Gi c~Y©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
ii. c~Y©K abvZ¥K ev FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. AskK me©`v abvZ¥K
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 72 - 74 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
68. †Kv‡bv msL¨vi c~Y© Ask bv _vK‡j `kwgK we›`y I Gi c‡ii N = a  10n
cÖ_g mv_©K A‡¼i gv‡S hZ¸‡jv 0 (k~b¨) _vK‡e, msL¨vwUi 72. log N Gi c~Y©K KZ? (ga¨g)
jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K n‡e− K log a L log n n Na
i. k~‡bï msL¨vi †P‡q 1 Kg 73. log N Gi AskK KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. k~‡bï msL¨vi †P‡q 1 †ewk Kn La M log n  log a
iii. Zv n‡e FYvZ¥K 74. log 10 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K0 1 M2 N3
Ki L ii M iii  ii I iii wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 75 - 77 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
69. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : log3 = 047712 Ges log 7 = 084510
i. 73459 msL¨vwUi j‡Mi c~Y©K 1 75. 2 + log3 = KZ? (ga¨g)
− K 250103 L 310103 M 430103  247712
ii. 0043 msL¨vwUi j‡Mi c~Y©K 2
iii. 856 msL¨vwUi c~Y©K 3
 060206 L 247712 M 069897 N 130417
K 044716 L 084510  144716 N 244716
70. 0000235 = 235  10-4 n‡j− wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 78 - 80 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. Gi j‡Mi AskK abvZ¥K
log x = log 2
ii. Gi j‡Mi c~Y©K FYvZ¥K
78. log x Gi c~Y©K KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. m~PK I c~Y©‡Ki gvb mgvb
K3 L2 M1 0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 79. log x Gi AskK KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  log 2 L3 M1 N0
71. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 80. log x Gi wfwË KZ? (mnR)
Ke  10 M 100 N 1000

81. 00000000037 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc †KvbwU? 86. 06237 j‡Mi c~Y©K KZ?
37 K0  −1 M2 N 01
K 10 L 37  1010
10 87. 00875 Gi jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K KZ?
M 37  10-10  37  10−9 K−4  −2 M1 N2
82. 000000123 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 88 - 90 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 123  10−5  123  10−6 M 123  105 N 123  106 GKwU msL¨v : 58000 00
83. 000000043 msL¨vwUi êÁvwbKiƒc †KvbwU? 88. msL¨vwUi êÁvwbKiƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
 43  10−7 L 43  10−6 M 43  10−8 N 43  10−9 K 0058  109 L 058  108 M 58  107  58  106
84. 000000014 Gi êÁvwbKiƒc †KvbwU? 89. msL¨vwUi mvaviY j‡Mi c~Y©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 14  106 L 14  107 M 14  10-7  14  10−8 6 L7 M8 N9
n
85. N = 10 n‡j log N Gi c~Y©K KZ? 90. msL¨vwUi mvaviY j‡Mi AskK KZ?
K 100 L 10 M1 n K 07632  07634 M 07642 N 07644

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. a = b n‡j an = bn
ii. ¯^vfvweK j‡Mi wfwË n‡jv 10
91. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : iii. 3 A¼wewkó msL¨vi jMvwi`‡gi c~Y©K 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 95. GLv‡b j‡Mi wfwË KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K 5 5 M
3
5 N
4
5
96. ( 5)( 5)G 5 Gi kw³ KZ? (ga¨g)
i. k~b¨ ev FYvZ¥K msL¨v j‡Mi ev¯Íe gvb †bB 5 5 5
 L 5 M N4
ii. AskK me©`v FYvZ¥K 6 3
97. j‡Mi gvb KZ?
iii. 0.4305 msL¨vwUi c~Y©K −1 5
K5  M 5 N 25
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 98 I 99 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

93. i. logex = ln x P = log 22, Q = log5(5
3
5), R = logx400
ii. e GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v 98. P + Q Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
iii. Rb †bwcqvi e wfwË‡Z jMvwi`g m¤úwK©Z eB cÖ_g cÖKvk 10 4 3
 L2 M N 10
K‡ib 3 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 99. R = 4 n‡j x Gi gvb †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii K2 3 L3 2  2 5 N5 2
94. i. x4 = 625 n‡j, x = 5
P = 3  104
ii. logx 25 = 2 n‡j, x =  5 100. wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? (mnR)
iii. px = qx n‡j, p = q [ q  1] K log P = 4 + log 3  logP = 3 + log 4
M logP = + log 10 N 4 = P + log 3
Ki L i I ii M i I iii  i, ii I iii 3
101. log P Gi c~Y©K KZ? (ga¨g)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K3 4 M
4
N
3
3 10
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 95 Ñ 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
3
log5( 5) ( 5)

œ 1  2550 Ges 04145 `yBwU msL¨v|
cÖk- AC log 0.4145 = − 0382475
K. êÁvwbKiƒc Kv‡K e‡j? 2  04145 Gi 10 wfwËK jM − 0382475 (Ans.)
L. K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i msL¨v `yBwUi 10 wfwËK M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB,
jM wbY©q Ki| 4
log2550 = 340654
M. cÖ_g msL¨vi j‡Mi c~Y©K I AskK wbY©q Ki Ges
 msL¨vwUi j‡Mi c~Y©K 3 Ges AskK 40654 (Ans.)
msL¨v `yBwUi e wfwËK jM wbY©q Ki| 4
K. †Kv‡bv msL¨vi a  10n iƒc‡K ejv nq msL¨vwUi
êÁvwbKiƒc|
myweavi Rb¨ A‡bK eo ev A‡bK †QvU msL¨v‡K a  10n
AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq, †hLv‡b 1 ≤ a  10 Ges n  Z
L. 1g msL¨v, 2550 = 255  10
255
=  100  10
100
= 255  102  10
= 255  103
4145
2q msL¨v, 04145 =
10000
= 4145  10− 4
= 4145  1000  10− 4
= 4415  103  10− 4
= 4415  10-1
K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i,
AC log 2550 = 340654
2550 Gi 10 wfwËK jM 340654 (Ans.)
Avevi, K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i, −
Ges AC log 0.4145 = − 088068 = 088068
AC log 2550 = 784385 −
 2550 Gi e wfwËK jM 784385  04145 Gi e wfwËK jM 088068 (Ans.)

œ 2  m~h© †_‡K ey‡ai `~iZ¡ 58000000 wK.wg. m~h© †_‡K ï‡µi
cÖk- 2
= 637  10  10
9
11
`~iZ¡ 105600  106 wg Ges m~h© †_‡K †bcPz‡bi `~iZ¡ = 637  10 (Ans)
4500000000 wK.wg. œ 4  Av‡jv GKwU ZvwoZ‡PŠ¤^K Zi½| GwU mij‡iLvq
cÖk-
K. m~h© n‡Z eya Ges †bcPz‡bi `~iZ¡‡K êÁvwbK 300000 wK‡jvwgUvi†m‡KÛ †e‡M mÂvwjZ nq| c„w_ex †_‡K m~‡h©i
AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 `~iZ¡ 15 †KvwU wK.wg.| Av‡jv GK eQ‡i hZUzKz c_ AwZµg K‡i
L. m~h© n‡Z ï‡µi `~iZ¡‡K ¯^vfvweK AvKv‡i wK.wg. Zv‡K GK Av‡jvKel© e‡j|
GK‡K cÖKvk Ki| 4 K. Av‡jvi †eM wgUvi/†m.-G wbY©q Ki Ges
M. m~h© n‡Z DcwiD³ wZbwU MÖ‡ni `~i‡Z¡i †hvMdj wbY©q êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 2
Ki Ges †hvMdj‡K 10 Gi AóK Nv‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 4 L. m~h© †_‡K c„w_ex‡Z Av‡jv Avm‡Z KZ NÈv jvM‡e
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  êÁvwbKiƒ‡c †`LvI| 4
K. m~h© †_‡K ey‡ai `~iZ¡ = 58000000 wK.wg. M. GK Av‡jvKe‡l© Av‡jv KZ wK.wg. c_ AwZµg
= 58  107 wK.wg. K‡i? êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 4
m~h© n‡Z †bcPz‡bi `~iZ¡ = 4500000000  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 45  10 wK.wg.
9
 m~h© n‡Z eya I †bcPz‡bi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g, K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,

58  107 wK.wg. Ges 45  10 wK.wg.| (Ans)
9 Av‡jvi †eM = 300000 wK.wg./ †m.
L. m~h© †_‡K ï‡µi `~iZ¡ = (300000  1000) wg/†m.
= 105600  10 wg
6 = 300000000 wg/†m. (Ans)
= 1056  100000000 wK.wg. (Ans) êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk, 300000000 wg/†m.
M. m~h© †_‡K ey‡ai `~iZ¡ = 58000000 wK.wg. = 3  108 wg/†m. (Ans)
m~h© †_‡K ï‡µi `~iZ¡ = 105600  106 wK.wg. L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
= 105600000000 wK.wg. c„w_ex †_‡K m~‡h©i `~iZ¡ = 15 †KvwU wK.wg.
m~h© †_‡K †bcPz‡bi `~iZ¡ = 4500000000 wK.wg. =150000000 wK.wg.
 m~h© †_‡K wZbwU MÖ‡ni `~i‡Z¡i †hvMdj Av‡jvi †eM = 300000 wK.wg./†m.
= 110158000000 wK.wg. Gevi Av‡jv 300000 wK.wg. c_ AwZµg K‡i 1 †m‡K‡Û
Gevi, †hvMdj 10 Gi AóK Nv‡Z cÖKvk 1
" " 1 " " " " " 300000 "
= 110158  108 wK.wg.| (Ans)
1  150000000
œ 3  êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki :
cÖk-  " " 150000000 " " " " "
300000
"
K. 830 2 = 500 †m‡K‡Û
L. 000000512 4 †h‡nZz, 3600 †m‡KÛ = 1 NÈv
M. 637,000,000,000 4 1
 1 " = NÈv
500  1
K. cÖ`Ë msL¨v = 830 = 830  100 = 83  102 (Ans.)  500 " =
3600
NÈv
L. cÖ`Ë msL¨v = 000000512 = 01388888 NÈv
00000512 1388888
=
100000000 =
10000000
NÈv
1 = 1388888  10−7 NÈv
= 512 
100000000
1 = 1388888  10−1 NÈv (Ans)
= 512  100  8 M. Avgiv Rvwb,
10
= 512  102  10−8 1 eQi = 365 w`b
= 512  10−6 (Ans) = 365  24 NÈv
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk, 637,000,000,000 = 365  24  60 wgwbU
= 637  1000,000,000 = 365  24  60  60 †m‡KÛ
1 †m‡K‡Û Av‡jv 300000 wK.wg. c_ AwZµg K‡i
9
= 637  100  10
 365  24  60  60 Ó (300000  365  24  60  60) wK.wg. = 32  10−2
= 9460800000000 wK.wg.  logb = log (32  10−2)
= 94608  10 wK.wg.
12
= log32 + log 10−
2
 GK Av‡jvK e‡l© Av‡jv 94608  1012 wK.wg. AwZµg = 0505149 − 2

Ki‡e| (Ans)  − 2 + 05052
œ 5  wnwjqv‡gi AvYweK fi
cÖk- 68  10−27 †KwR| GKwU K‡ÿ  log b Gi AskK 05052 Ges c~Y©K −2 (Ans.)
9 1026wU wnwjqvg AYy i‡q‡Q| Avevi, c = 324  10 2
K. wnwjqv‡gi AvYweK fi‡K MÖvg GK‡K

 logc = log 324 + 2
¯^vfvweKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 2
= 2 + 051054501
L. K‡ÿ KZ MÖvg wnwjqvg M¨vm i‡q‡Q? 4
 2 + 05105
M. Aci GKwU K‡ÿ 39  1028 wU wnwjqvg AYy _vK‡j
Zvi AvYweK fi ¯^vfvweKiƒ‡c †jL| 4  logc Gi AskK 05105 Ges c~Y©K 2 (Ans.)
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. logxc = loga logb
K. 1 †KwR = 1000 MÖvg ev, logx 324 = (log 00021) (log 0032)
−27
 628  10 †KwR ev, logx 324 = (− 267778) (−149485)
−27 ev, logx 324 = 4002879
= 628  10  103 MÖvg
−27 + 3 ev, logx 324  4
= 628  10 MÖvg GLb, logx 324 = 4
−24
= 628  10 MÖvg ev, x4 = 324
−24
 628  10 Gi ¯^vfvweKiƒc ev, x4 = (3 2)4
= 000000000000000000000000628 MÖvg| (Ans)
 x = 424 (cÖvq) (Ans)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, wnwjqv‡gi AvYweK fi = 628  10−24 MÖvg
 1wU wnwjqvg AYyi fi = 628  10−24 MÖvg œ 7  6530 Ges 245  10−4 `yBwU msL¨v|
cÖk-
 9  1026 wU Ó Ó 9  1026  628  10−24 MÖvg K. cÖ_g msL¨vwUi j‡Mi c~Y©K wbY©q Ki| 2
= 5652  1026−24 MÖvg L. wØZxq msL¨vwU‡K ¯^vfvweK AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 4
= 5652  102 MÖvg M. cÖ`Ë msL¨v `yBwUi ¸Yd‡ji c~Y©K I AskK wbY©q
= 5652 MÖvg (Ans) Ki| 4
M. wnwjqv‡gi AvYweK fi = 628  10− 24 MÖvg  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 wU wnwjqvg AYyi fi = 628  10− 24 MÖvg
 39  1028 Ó Ó = 628  10−24  39  1028 MÖvg K. cÖ`Ë cÖ_g msL¨v = 6530
= 628  39  10 MÖvg
4 = 6530  1000
= 24492  10 MÖvg
6 = 6530  103
 6530 Gi j‡Mi c~Y©K 3. (Ans.)
 Aci K‡ÿ wnwjqv‡gi AvYweK fi = 24492  106 MÖvg
L. cÖ`Ë wØZxq msL¨v = 245  10−4
 AZGe, Aci K‡ÿ wnwjqv‡gi AvYweK f‡ii ¯^vfvweKiƒc 1 245 1
= 2449200 MÖvg| (Ans) = 245  4 = 
10 100 104
œ 6  a = 00021, b = 0032 Ges c = 324
cÖk- =
245 1 245
 =
102 104 106
K. a I c †K êÁvwbKiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 2
245
L. logb I logc Gi AskK I c~Y©K wbY©q Ki| 4 =
1000000
= 0000245
M. logxc = loga logb n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
wb‡Y©q msL¨vwUi ¯^vfvweK AvKvi 0000245 (Ans.)
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. cÖ_g msL¨v = 6530
21
K. a = 00021 = 10000 = 21  10– 4 L-n‡Z cÖvß, 245  10−4 = 0000245
21  wØZxq msL¨v = 0000245
=  10  10−4 = 21  10− 3
10 msL¨v `ywUi ¸Ydj = 6530  0000245 = 159985
324 K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i,
Avevi, c = 324 = 100  100 = 324  102
32 AC log 1.59985 = 0204079
L. b = 0032 =
1000
= 32  10-3
 log 159985 Gi c~Y©K 0 Ges AskK 0204079 (Ans.)
32
=  10  10-3
10

œ 8  †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨vi ¯^vfvweK j‡Mi gvb, H msL¨vi mvaviY M. K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i ÔLÕ Gi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges D³
cÖk-
j‡Mi log1 e ¸Y| †hLv‡b, e = 271828 gvb‡K log 04 Øviv ¸Y K‡i c~Y©K I AskK wbY©q Ki| 4
50
10
DËi : K. 5; L. log10 147; M. −046834, I 018637, c~Y©K 0
K. log10e Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
L. †`LvI †h, loge100 = log10100  log10e 4 Ges AskK 01863
M. 100 Gi 2 wfwËK j‡Mi gvb KZ n‡e? 4 cÖk-
œ 12  wb‡Pi ivwk¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
DËi : K. 0434; M. 6644 36 8 3 128
œ 9  6a + 2b  12− a + b  202a + b GKwU m~PKxq ivwk|
cÖk-
3 log
25
, log (9) , 2 log 125, log 2
K. †`LvI †h, cÖ_g ivwk = 6 log 2 + 6 log 3 − 6 log 5 2
K. cÖ`Ë ivwk‡K †gŠwjK msL¨vi m~P‡Ki ¸Ydj AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. †`LvI †h, cÖ_g I wØZxq ivwki mgwó n‡Z Z…Zxq I PZz_©
L. a = 1 I b = −1 n‡j cÖ`Ë ivwki gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
ivwki we‡qvMdj k~b¨| 4
M. ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß msL¨vi mvaviY j‡Mi gvb êÁvwbK AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 4
5
M. hw` x2 + y2 = 7xy nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h,
DËi : K. 23a + 6b  33b  52a + b; L. 216; M. −16 1 1
log (x + y) = log 3 + log x + log y
2 2
4
œ 10  3x = 27 GKwU m~PKxq mgxKiY|
cÖk-
K. 27 †K 3 Gi m~PKxq ivwk‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki| œ 13  p = xya−1. q = xyb−1, r = xyc−1 wZbwU ivwk|
2 cÖk-
L. j‡Mi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiYwUi mgvavb Ki| 4 K. †`LvI †h, p c  q a  r b = 1
M. x Gi gv‡bi mßg NvZ‡K êÁvwbK AvKv‡i †jL| 4 q r p () () () 2
3 L. (b − p)logp + (c − a)logq + (a − b)logr Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|4
3
DËi : K. 32; L. 2; M. 171  10 p q
œ 11  KwZcq jM msewjZ ivwk logx 25, log10x, log10 3, log10 7

cÖk-
M. †`LvI †h, (b + c) log q + (c + a) log r + (a + b) () ()
r
K. 1g ivwki gvb 2 n‡j x, Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 log
p
+ log216 + log
3 2()324 + log 81.
3
4
L. mij Ki : log10 2 + 2log10 5 − log10 3 − 2log10 7 4 DËi : L. 0

œ 14  L, M, N wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk †hLv‡b,
cÖk- =x
ca − bc + ab − ca + bc − ab
abc
xa xb xc 0
L= ,M= , N= = x abc = x0 = 1 = Wvbcÿ
xb xc xa
K. L=1 n‡j †`LvI †h, a = b 2 ab bc ca
∴ L  M  N = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
ab bc ca
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, L  M  N = 1 4 M †Ìqv Av‡Q,
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`LvI †h, logkLa + b + logkMa + b + xa xb xc
L= b,M= c, N= a
logkNc + a = 0 4 x x x
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  evgcÿ = log k L a + b + log Mb + c + log Nc + a
k k
a a+b b b+c c c+a
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, L = 1
xa
= logk (xx ) b + logk (xx )c + logk (xx )
a
ev, xb = 1 [gvb ewm‡q] = logk(xa − b)a + b + logk(xb − c)b + c + logk(xc − a)c + a

= logk x(a − b) (a + b) + logk x(b − c) (b + c) + logk x(c − a) (c + a)
ev, xa − b = x0 = logk xa − b + logk xb − c + logk xc − a
2 2 2 2 2 2
ev, a − b = 0 = logk (x a 2
− b 2
.x b 2
− c2
.x c2
− a2
)
= logk (xa − b + b − c + c − a )
2 2 2 2 2 2
∴ a = b (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
xa xb xc = logk (x0) = logk 1 = 0 = Wvbcÿ
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, L = xb , M = xc , N=
xa ∴ logkLa + b + logkMa + b + logkNc + a = 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
ab bc ca
evgcÿ = L M N œ 15  A = 6p + q, B = 6q + r, C = 6r + p n‡jÑ
cÖk-
ab xa bc xb ca xc K. log3 2324 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
=  
xb xc xa
=
ab
xa − b 
bc
xb − c 
ca
xc − a
L. (AB ) p+r
 (BC ) q+p
 (AC ) r+q
Gi gvb wbY©q
1 1 1 Ki| 4
= (xa − b)ab  (xb − c)bc  (xc − a)ca M. †`LvI †h, (AB)p − r  (BC)q − p  (CA)r − q = 1| 4
a−b b−c c−a
=x ab x ab x ab  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
a−b b−c c−a 4
+ +
= x ab bc ca K cÖ`Ë ivwk, log 324 = log (3 2)
3 2 3 2
= 4log 3 2 = 4.1 = 4 (Ans.) = 0 = Wvbcÿ
3 2
(a − b) log(pq) + (b − c) log(qr) + (c − a) log(rp)
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = 6p + q, B = 6q + r, C = 6r + p.  =0
a− b  b− 1c  c− 1a
(A)  (BC) (AC)
p+r q+p r+q
cÖ`Ë ivwk = B  (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 p a+b−c q b+c−a r c + a − b
=
Ap + r

Bq + p

Bp + r Cq + p Ar + q
Cr + q M. 2abc 
 q()  ()
r
 ()p 

= Ap + r − r − q Bq + p − p − r Cr + q − q − p  a−3b−2c  c−3a
= Ap − q Bq − r Cr − p  xa a+b−c xb b+c−a xc c + a − b
= (6p + q)
p−q
(6q + r)
q−r
(6r + p) [gvb
r−p
ewm‡q]
= 2abc  b
 x ()  ()
xc
 ()
xa 

=6 p 2 − q2 q 2 − r 2 r 2 − p2
6 6  a b c. c−3a
−3 −2
= 6p2 − q2 + q2 − r2 + r2 − p2 = 60 = 1 (Ans.) = 2abc {(xa − b)a + b − c  (xb − c)b + c − a  (xc − a)c + a − b}

M evgcÿ = (AB)p − r  (BC)q − p  (CA)r − q  a−2b−2c−2
2 + ab − ac − ab − b2 + bc 2 + bc − ab − bc − c2 + ac
p−r q−p = 2abc{x a x b
= (6p + q . 6q + r)  (6q + r . 6r + p) 2 2
r−q  xc + ac − bc − ac − a + ba}  (abc)−1
 (6r + p . 6p + q) 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
= (6p + 2q + r)
p−r
 (6q + 2r + p)
q−p = 2abc {xa − ac − b + bc  xb − ab − c + ac  xc − bc − a + ab}
r − q
abc
 (6r + 2p + q) 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
2 2 = 2abc {xa − ac − b + bc + b − ab − c + ac + c − bc − a + ab}
= 6p + 2pq + rp −rp −2qr − r abc
 6q + 2rq + pq − pq − 2rp − p2  6r2 + 2rp + rq − rq − 2pq − q2
2 = 2.x0 = 2 (Ans.)
œ 17  a = 2, b = 3 Ges c = 5 n‡j,
cÖk-
2 2 2 2 2 2
= 6p + 2pq − 2qr − r + q + 2rq − 2rp − p + r + 2rp − 2pq − q
= 6 = 1 = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
0
K. log5x = b n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 2
œ 16  p = xa, q = xb, r = xc
cÖk- ap + 1. b2p − q. cp + q (ab)p
L. (ab)q.(bc)q.(ca)p + 2
Gi gvb KZ? 4
p c q a r b
K. ( ) ( ) ( )
q r p
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
log b3 + bloga − log(ac)
b
a
L. †`LvI †h, M. Gi gvb KZ? 4
log(ab) − logc
(a − b) log(pq) + (b − c) log(qr) + (c − a) log(rp)
a− b  b− 1c  c− 1a
=0 4  17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. mij Ki : K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, log5x = b
 p a+b−c q b+c−a r c + a − b ev, 5b = x
2abc 
 q () ()r
 ()p 
 ev, x = 5b
 a−3b−2c  c−3a 4 ev, x = 53
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   x = 125 (Ans.)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 2, b = 3 Ges c = 5
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
ap + 1. b2p − q. cp + q (ab)p
p = xa, q = xb Ges r = xc cÖ`Ë ivwk = (ab)q.(bc)q.(ca)p + 2
p c q a r b 2p + 1.32p − q.5p + q.2p.3p
 () () ()
q

r

p = q q q q p + 2 p + 2 [ gvb ewm‡q]
2 .3 .3 .5 .5 .2
xa c xb a xc b = 2p + 1 + p − q − p − 2.32p − q + p − q − q.5p + q − q − p − 2
= () () ()
xb

xc

xa = 2p − q − 1.33(p − q).5− 2
= (x )  (x )  (xc − a)b
a − b c b − c a 2p − q − 1.33(p − q)
=
= xac − bc  xab − ac  xbc − ab 52
= xac − bc + ab − ac + bc − ab 1 p − q − 1 3(p − q)
= x0 = .2 .3 (Ans.)
25
= 1 (Ans.) b
(a − b) log(pq) + (b − c) log(qr) + (c − a) log(rp) log b3 + bloga − log(ac)
a
L. evgcÿ = M. cÖ`Ë ivwk =
a− b  b− 1c  c− 1a log(ab) − logc
(a − b) log(xa.xb) + (b − c) log(xb.xc) + (c − a) log(xc.xa) 3
= log 33 + 3log2 − log(2  5)
a− b  b− 1c  c− 1a 2
=
log(xa + b)a − b + log(xb + c)b − c + log(xc + a)c − a log(2  3) − log5
= 3
a−1.b.b−1.c.c−1.a 3
log32 + 3log2 − log 10
log(x a 2 − b2 2 2 2
) + log(xb − c ) + log(xc − a )
2 2
=
=
1 log3 + log2 − log5
3 3 3
log3 + log4 −
2 2 2 2 2 2
log(xa − b . xb − c . xc − a ) 2 2 2
=
1 =
2 2 2 2 2 2 log3 + log2 + log2 − log5 − log2
= log(xa − b + b − c + c − a )
0
= log(x ) = log 1
3 3.2n − 2n 2n(3 − 1) 2
(log3 + log4 − 1) = = = =4
2 2 n
1 1
=
log3 + log(2  2) − log(5  2)
3
2 −
n
2 ( )
2n 1 −
2 2
(log3 + log4 − 1) 2 − 4.2
n+4 n+1
2 Avevi, Q = 2n+2  2
=
(log3 + log4 − log10) 2n.24 − 22.2n.2 2n.23(2 − 1) 2n.23
3 = = = =4
(log3 + log4 − 1) 2n.22  2 2n.4 2.2n
2 2
= [  log10 = log1010 = 1 ]
log3 + log4 − 1 1
3  evgcÿ = P + Q  3−2
= (Ans.)
2 P
=  32
œ 18  P, Q, X, Y, Z K‡qKwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk- Q
4
3.2n − 4.2n−2 2n+4 − 4.2n+1 16 25 = 9
4
[gvb ewm‡q]
†hLv‡b, P = 2n − 2n−1 , Q = 2n+2  2
, X= , Y=
15 24 = 9 = Wvbcÿ
81
Ges Z = 80 1
 P  Q  3−2 = 9 (cÖgvwYZ)
K. 4x+1 = 32 n‡j, x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 16 25 81
1 M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, X = 15 , Y = 24 Ges Z = 80
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (P  Q)  3−2 = 9 4
GLb, C = 7logX + 5logY + 3logZ − log2
M. C = 7logX + 5logY + 3logZ − log2 n‡j, C Gi 16 25 81
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = 7log ( )
15
+ 5log + 3log
24 80
− log2
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  16 7 25 5 81 3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 4x+1 32

= log ( ) ( ) ( )
15
+ log
24
+ log
80
− log2
 16 7
25 5 81  3
ev, (22)x+1 = 25
ev, 22x+2 = 25
= log  ( ) ( ) ( )
 15

24

80 
− log2
 2   5   3 3
7
= log 
4 2 5 4
ev, 2x + 2 = 5    − log2
3  5 23  3 24  5 
ev, 2x = 3
= log  7 
228 510 312
3
 x = (Ans.)
3  57  215  35  212  53 − log2
2 = log(228−15−12.312−7−5.510−7−3) − log2
3.2n − 4.2n−2 = log(21.30.50) − log2
L. GLb, P=
2n − 2n−1 = log2 − log2
3.2n − 22.2n−2 3.2n − 22+n−2 =0
=
2n − 2n−1
= n
2 − 2n−1  C = 0 (Ans.)
cÂg Aa¨vq
GK PjKwewkó mgxKiY Brahmagupta
fviZxq MwYZwe` eªþ¸ß (598 Ñ 665) cÖ_g k~b¨‡K msL¨v
wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡ib| wZwb ax + b = 0 AvKv‡ii mij
Equations with One Variable mgxKiY ax2 + bx + c = 0 AvKv‡ii wØNvZ mgxKiY
mgvav‡bi m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡i weL¨vZ nb|
A b yk xj b x 5 .1
 PjK : hLb †Kv‡bv Aÿi cÖZxK †Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dcv`vb †evSvq ZLb Zv‡K PjK e‡j| GKwU †mU A = {x : x  R , 1  x  10} nq,
Z‡e x-Gi gvb 1 †_‡K 10 ch©šÍ †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b, x n‡jv PjK|
 mgxKi‡Yi NvZ : †Kv‡bv mgxKi‡Yi Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ‡K mgxKiYwUi NvZ e‡j| x + 1 = 5, 2x − 1 = x + 5, y + 7 = 2y − 3
mgxKiY¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi NvZ 1; G¸‡jv GK PjKwewkó GKNvZ mgxKiY|
 mgxKiY I A‡f` :
mgxKiY : AšÍZc‡ÿ GKwU PjKhy³ mgvb wPý msewjZ †Lvjv evK¨‡K mgxKiY ev mij mgxKiY e‡j| †hgb, (3x + 5) − 6 = 5x +
9 GKwU mgxKiY †hLv‡b, x GKwU PjK| mgxKi‡Y mgvb wP‡ýi `yBc‡ÿ `yBwU eûc`x _v‡K, A_ev GKc‡ÿ (cÖavbZ Wvbc‡ÿ) k~b¨
_vK‡Z cv‡i| `yB c‡ÿi eûc`xi Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ mgvb bv-I n‡Z cv‡i|
 mgxKi‡Yi g~j : Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P Nv‡Zi †h gvb ev gvb¸‡jv Øviv mgxKiYwU wm× nq, Zv‡K H mgxKi‡Yi g~j e‡j|
 A‡f` : †Kv‡bv Pj‡Ki mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ hw` mgxKiYwU wm× nq Z‡e Zv GKwU A‡f`| †hgb, (x + 1)2 − (x − 1)2 = 4x GKwU
A‡f`| GwU x Gi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ wm× nq| cÖ‡Z¨K exRMwYZxq m~Î GKwU A‡f`|
 GKNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb:
mgxKiY mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î K‡qKwU wbqg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| GB wbqg¸‡jv Rvbv _vK‡j mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wbY©q mnRZi nq|
wbqg¸‡jv n‡jv :
1| mgxKi‡Yi Dfqc‡ÿ GKB msL¨v ev ivwk †hvM Ki‡j cÿØq mgvb _v‡K|
2| mgxKi‡Yi Dfqcÿ †_‡K GKB msL¨v ev ivwk we‡qvM Ki‡j cÿØq mgvb _v‡K|
3| mgxKi‡Yi Dfqcÿ‡K GKB msL¨v ev ivwk Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j cÿØq mgvb _v‡K|
4| mgxKi‡Yi Dfqcÿ‡K Ak~b¨ GKB msL¨v ev ivwk Øviv fvM Ki‡j cÿØq mgvb _v‡K|
Dc‡ii ag©¸‡jv‡K exRMwYZxq ivwki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv hvq :
hw` x = a Ges a  0 nq Zvn‡j,
x a
(i) x + c = a + c (ii) x − c = a − c (iii) xc = ac (iv) =
c c
GQvov hw` a, b I c wZbwU ivwk nq Z‡e, a = b + c n‡j, a − b = c n‡e
Ges a + c = b n‡j, a = b − c n‡e|
 GKNvZ mgxKi‡Yi eënvi
ev¯Íe Rxe‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z nq| GB mgm¨v mgvav‡bi AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB MvwYwZK Ávb, `ÿZv I hyw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq|
ev¯ÍewfwËK mgm¨v mgvav‡b AÁvZ msL¨v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Gi cwie‡Z© PjK a‡i wb‡q mgm¨vq cÖ`Ë kZ©vbymv‡i mgxKiY MVb Kiv
nq| Zvici mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki‡jB PjKwUi gvb, A_©vr AÁvZ msL¨vwU cvIqv hvq|

 mgvavb Ki (1Ñ10) : ev, 13x = 13
cÖkœ \ 1 \ 3(5x − 3) = 2(x + 2) 13
ev, x = 13
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 3(5x − 3) = 2(x + 2)
ev, 15x − 9 = 2x + 4  x=1 [Dfqcÿ‡K 13 Øviv fvM K‡i]
ev, 13x − 2x = 4 + 9 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 1
ay by a b a+b
cÖkœ \ 2 \ b − a = a2 − b2 cÖkœ \ 7 \ x – a + x – b = x – a – b
ay by a b a+b
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, b − a = a2 − b2 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x – a + x – b = x – a – b
a b a b
a2y − b2y ev, x – a + x – b = x – a – b + x – a – b
ev, ab
= a2 − b2
a a b b
ev, y(a2 − b2) = ab(a2 − b2) [Avo¸Yb K‡i] ev, x – a – x – a – b = x – a – b – x – b [c¶všÍi K‡i]
ev, y = ab [Dfqcÿ‡K (a2 − b2) Øviv fvM K‡i] ax – a2 – ab – ax + a2 bx – b2 – bx + ab + b2
ev, (x – a) (x – a – b) = (x – a – b) (x – b)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : y = ab
– ab ab
cÖkœ \ 3 \ (z + 1) (z − 2) = (z − 4) (z + 2) ev, (x– a) (x– a– b) = (x– a– b) (x– b)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (z + 1) (z − 2) = (z − 4) (z + 2) –1 1 ab
ev, z2 − 2z + z − 2 = z2 + 2z − 4z − 8 ev, x – a = x – b [Dfqc¶‡K x – a – b Øviv fvM K‡i]
ev, z2 − z − 2 = z2 − 2z − 8 ev, x – a = – x + b [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ev, z2 − z − z2 + 2z = − 8 + 2 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] ev, x + x = a + b
 z = − 6 (Ans.) ev, 2x = a + b
a+b
7x 3
cÖkœ \ 4 \ 3 + 5 = 5 − 3
2x 4  x= 2
x – a x – b x – 3a – 3b
7x 3 2x 4
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 3 + 5 = 5 − 3 cÖkœ \ 8 \ b
+
a
+
a+b
=0
x – a x – b x – 3a – 3b
7x 2x 4
ev, 3 − 5 = − 3 − 5 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
3 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, b + a + a + b = 0
x – a x – b x– 3 (a + b)
35x − 6x − 20 − 9 ev, b + a + a + b = 0
ev, 15
=
15
x–a x–b x
29x −29 ev, b + a + a + b – 3 = 0
ev, 15
=
15
 x = −1 (Ans.)
x–a x–b x
4 9
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 2x + 1 + 3x + 2 = 5x + 4
25 ev, ( b
–1 + )(
a
–1 + )(
a+b
–1 =0 )
x–a–b x–b–a x–a–b
4 9 25 ev, b
+
a
+
a+b
=0
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x + 1 + 3x + 2 = 5x + 4
1 1 1
4 9 15 10
ev, 2x + 1 + 3x + 2 = 5x + 4 + 5x + 4 (
ev, (x – a – b) b + a + a + b = 0 )
1 1 1
4 10 15 9 GLv‡b, a + b + a + b ≠ 0 [ PjK ewR©Z ivwk]
ev, 2x + 1 – 5x + 4 = 5x + 4 – 3x + 2 [c¶všÍi K‡i ]
20x + 16 – 20x – 10 45x + 30 – 45x – 36
 x – a – b = 0 = a + b (Ans.)
ev, (2x + 1)(5x + 4) = (5x + 4) (3x + 2) x–a x–b
cÖkœ \ 9 \ a2 – b2 = b2 – a2
6 –6
ev, 2x + 1 = 3x + 2 [ Dfqc¶‡K (5x + 4) Øviv ¸Y K‡i|] x–a x–b
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a2 – b2 = b2 – a2
1 –1
ev, 2x + 1 = 3x + 2 x–a x–b
ev, a2 – b2 = − (a2 – b2)
ev, 3x + 2 = – 2x – 1 x–a x–b
ev, 3x + 2x = – 1 – 2 ev, a2 – b2 + a2 – b2 = 0
3
ev, 5x = – 3 x=–5 1
ev, a2 – b2 (x – a + x – b) = 0
1 1
cÖkœ \ 6 \ x + 1 + x + 4 = x + 2 + x + 3
1 1 ev, x – a + x – b = 0 [Dfq c¶‡K a2 – b2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, 2x = a + b
1 1 1 1
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + 1 + x + 4 = x + 2 + x + 3  x= 2
a+b
1 1 1 1
ev, x + 1 – x + 3 = x + 2 – x + 4 [c¶všÍi K‡i] wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 2
a+b
x+3–x–1 x+4–x–2
ev, (x + 1) (x + 3) = (x + 2) (x + 4) cÖkœ \ 10 \ (3 + 3) z + 2 = 5 + 3 3
2 2 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, (3 + 3) z + 2 = 5 + 3 3
ev, x2 + 4x + 3 = x2 + 6x + 8 ev, (3 + 3) z = 5 − 2 + 3 3 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev,
1
=
1
[Dfqc¶‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i] ev, (3 + 3) z = 3 + 3 3
x2 + 4x + 3 x2 + 6x + 8
3+3 3
ev, x2 + 6x + 8 = x2 + 4x + 3 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] ev, z = [Dfqcÿ‡K 3 + 3 Øviv fvM K‡i]
3+ 3
ev, x2 + 6x – x2 – 4x = 3 – 8
3( 3 + 3)
ev, 2x = – 5 ev, z =
5 ( 3 + 3)
 x = – (Ans.)
2  z = 3 (Ans.)
 mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki (11 Ñ 19) : –1 2
ev, = [Dfqc¶‡K (x –1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
cÖkœ \ 11 \ 2x(x + 3) = 2x2 + 12 x x+1
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x(x + 3) = 2x2 + 12 ev, 2x = – x – 1 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ev, 2x2 + 6x = 2x2 + 12 ev, 2x + x = – 1
ev, 2x2 + 6x − 2x2 = 12 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] ev, 3x = – 1
ev, 6x = 12 1
12  x=–3
ev, x = 6 = 2
1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {2} { }
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = – 3
cÖkœ \ 12 \ 2x + 2 = 3x − 4 − 3 2 m n m+n
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖkœ \ 16 \ m – x + n – x = m + n – x
2x + 2 = 3x − 4 − 3 2 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
ev, 2x − 3x = −4 − 3 2 − 2 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] m n m+n
+ =
m–x n–x m+n–x
ev, −x = − 4 − 4 2 m n m n
ev, −x = − 4 (1 + 2) ev, + = +
m – x n – x m + n– x m + n – x
m m n n
ev, x = 4(1 + 2) [Dfqcÿ‡K −1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] ev, – = – [c¶všÍi
m–x m+n–x m+n–x n–x
 x = 4(1 + 2) K‡i]
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {4(1 + 2)}
cÖkœ \ 13 \
x+a x+a
=
(1
ev, m m – x – m + n – x
1
) = n(m + 1n – x – n–1 x)
x–b x+c m+n–x–m+x n–x–m–n+x
m{
(m – x) (m + n – x)}
= n{
(m + n – x) (n – x)}
ev,
x+a x+a
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x – b = x + c mn –mn
ev, (m – x) (m + n – x) = (m + n – x) (n – x)
ev, (x + a) (x + c) = (x + a) (x – b) [eRª¸Yb K‡i]
1 –1 mn
ev, x + cx + ax + ac = x + ax – bx – ab
2 2
ev, m – x = n – x [Dfqc¶‡K m + n – x w`‡q fvM K‡i]
ev, x2 + cx + ax – x2 + bx – ax = – ab – ac [c¶všÍi K‡i] ev, – m + x = n – x
ev, bx + cx = – a (b + c) ev, x + x = m + n
ev, x(b + c) = – a (b + c) ev, 2x = m + n
– a (b + c) m+n
 x = (b + c)  x= 2
 x=–a
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { – a }
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {m 2+ n}
z–2 1 1 1 1
cÖkœ \ 14 \ z – 1 = 2 – z – 1
1 cÖkœ \ 17 \ x + 2 + x + 5 = x + 4 + x + 3
z–2 1 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, z – 1 = 2 – z – 1 1 1 1 1
+ = +
z−1−1 1 x+2 x+5 x+4 x+3
ev, z−1
= 2−z−1 1 1 1 1
ev, x + 2 − x + 3 = x + 4 − x + 5 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
z−1 1 1
ev, − =2− x+3−x−2 x+5−x−4
z−1 z−1 z−1 ev, (x + 2) (x + 3) = (x + 4)(x + 5)
1 1
ev, 1−
z−1
=2−
z−1
1 1
ev, (x + 2)(x + 3) = (x + 4)(x + 5)
ev, 1 = 2 hv Am¤¢e ev, (x + 4) (x + 5) = (x + 2) (x + 3) [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
 G mgxKi‡Y †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB| ev, x2 + 9x + 20 = x2 + 5x + 6
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { } ev  ev, x2 + 9x − x2 −5x = 6 − 20 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
1 1 2
ev, 4x = − 14
cÖkœ \ 15 \ x + x + 1 = x – 1 14
ev, x = − 4
1 1 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + x + 1 = x – 1 x=−
7
2
1 1 1 1
ev, x + x + 1 = x – 1 + x – 1 7
1 1 1 1
{ }
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = − 2
ev, x – x – 1 = x – 1 – x + 1 2t – 6 15 – 2t 4t – 15
cÖkœ \ 18 \ 9 + 12 – 5t = 18
x–1–x x+1–x+1
ev, =
x (x – 1) (x – 1) (x + 1) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
2t – 6 15 – 2t 4t – 15
+ =
cÖkœ \ 21 \ GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii AšÍi 1; je †_‡K 2
9 12 – 5t 18 1
15 – 2t 4t – 15 2t – 6 we‡qvM I n‡ii mv‡_ 2 †hvM Ki‡j †h fMœvskwU cvIqv hv‡e, Zv 6
ev, 12 – 5t = 18 – 9 [c¶všÍi K‡i ]
15 – 2t 4t – 15 – 4t + 12
Gi mgvb| fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki|
ev, 12 – 5t = 18 mgvavb : awi, cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je = x
15 – 2t – 3
ev, 12 – 5t = 18 cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ni = x + 1
[ cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ni, je A‡c¶v eo]
15 – 2t 1
ev, 12 – 5t = – 6 fMœvskwU = x + 1
x
ev, – 12 + 5t = 90 – 12t [Avo¸Yb K‡i] x–2 1
ev, 5t + 12t = 90 + 12 [c¶všÍi K‡i ] cÖkœg‡Z, x + 1 + 2 = 6
ev, 17t = 102 ev, 6x – 12 = x + 1 + 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
102
ev, t = 17  t = 6 ev, 6x – x = 3 + 12 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, 5x = 15
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {6} 15
x + 2b2 + c2 x + 2c2 + a2 x + 2a2 + b2 ev, x = 5  x = 3
cÖkœ \ 19 \ a+b
+
b+c
+
c+a
=0
3 3
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,  fMœvskwU = 3 + 1 = 4 (Ans.)
x + 2b2 + c2 x + 2c2 + a2 x + 2a2 + b2
a+b
+
b+c
+
c+a
=0 cÖkœ \ 22 \ `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 9; A¼
x + 2b2 + c2 x + 2c2 + a2 x + 2a2 + b2 `yBwU ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hv‡e Zv cÖ`Ë msL¨v n‡Z
ev, a + b +
b+c
+
c+a
+
45 Kg n‡e| msL¨vwU KZ?
(a – b) + (b – c) + (c – a) = 0 mgvavb : awi, msL¨vwUi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x
[(a – b) + (b − c) + (c – a) = 0]
x + 2b2 + c2 x + 2c2 + a2 Zvn‡j msL¨vwUi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = (9 – x)
ev, a + b + (a – b) +
b+c
+ (b – c)  msL¨vwU = 10  `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ + GKK ¯’vbxq A¼
x + 2a + b2
2
= 10 (9 – x) + x
+ + (c – a) = 0
c+a = 90 – 10x + x
x + 2b + c + a – b
2 2 2 2 x + 2c + a + b – c2
2 2 2
= 90 – 9x
ev, +
a+b b+c A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨vwU = 10x + (9 – x)
x + 2a2+ b2 + c2 – a2 = 9x + 9
+ =0
c+a cÖkœg‡Z, 9x + 9 = 90 – 9x – 45
x + a2 + b2 + c2 x + a2 + b2 +c2 x + a2 + b2 + c2
ev, a+b
+
b+c
+
c+a
=0 ev, 9x + 9x = 90 – 45 – 9 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
1 1 1 ev, 18x = 36
(
ev, (x + a2 + b2 + c2) a + b + b + c + c + a = 0 ) ev, x=
36
18
x=2
1 1 1
GLv‡b, a + b + b + c + c + a ≠ 0  msL¨vwU = 90 − 9x
[ PjK ewR©Z ivwk, †Kbbv a, b, c cÖ‡Z¨‡K aª“eK] = 90 – (9  2)
 x + (a2 + b2 + c2) = 0 = 90 – 18 = 72 (Ans.)
 x = – (a2 + b2 + c2)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { – (a2 + b2 + c2)} cÖkœ \ 23 \ `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK
¯’vbxq A‡¼i wØ¸Y| †`LvI †h, msL¨vwU A¼Ø‡qi mgwói mvZ
 mgxKiY MVb K‡i mgvavb Ki (20 Ñ 27) : ¸Y|
2
cÖkœ \ 20 \ GKwU msL¨v Aci GKwU msL¨vi 5 ¸Y| msL¨v `yBwUi mgvavb : awi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x
mgwó 98 n‡j, msL¨v `yBwU wbY©q Ki| Zvn‡j, `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = 2x
2  msL¨vwU = 10  2x + x
mgvavb : awi, GKwU msL¨v x Zvn‡j Aci msL¨v 5 x
= 20x + x = 21x
cÖkœvbymv‡i, x+
2x
= 98 Avevi, A¼Ø‡qi mgwó = x + 2x = 3x
5
5x + 2x
A¼Ø‡qi mgwói mvZ¸Y = 3x  7 = 21x
ev, 5
= 98  msL¨vwU A¼Ø‡qi mgwói 7 ¸‡Yi mgvb| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ev, 7x = 490 cÖkœ \ 24 \ GKRb ¶z`ª eëmvqx 5600 UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i GK
490
ev, x=
7
 x = 70 eQi ci wKQy UvKvi Dci 5% Ges Aewkó UvKvi Dci 4% jvf
2 2 Ki‡jb| †gvU 256 UvKv jvf Ki‡j wZwb KZ UvKvi Dci 5% jvf
 GKwU msL¨v x = 70 Ges Aci msL¨v = 5 x = 5  70 = 28 Ki‡jb?
wb‡Y©q msL¨v `ywU 70 Ges 28. mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, H e¨w³ 5% nv‡i x UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb|
Zvn‡j, 4% nv‡i (5600 – x) UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb|
mij gybvdvi †¶‡Î, I = Pnr  cÂvk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v (120 − x)wU
G‡¶‡Î, gybvdv = I x  25
g~jab = p cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi UvKvi gvb 100 UvKv
mgq = n = 1 eQi (120 − x)  50
Ges cÂvk cqmvi gy`ªvi UvKvi gvb 100
5 4
5% nv‡i, r = Ges 4% nv‡i, r = 100 x  25 (120 − x)  50
100 cÖkœvbymv‡i, 100 + = 35
5 4 100
cÖkœg‡Z, x 1 100 + (5600 – x)1 100 = 256 ev, 25x + (120 − x) 50 = 3500
ev, 5x + 22400 – 4x = 25600 [100 Øviv Dfqc‡ÿ ¸Y K‡i ] ev, 25x + 6000 − 50x = 3500
ev, x = 25600 – 22400  x = 3200 ev, − 25x = 3500 − 6000
H e¨w³ 3200 UvKvi Dci 5% jvf Ki‡jb| (Ans.) ev, 25x = 2500 [Dfq cÿ‡K −1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
2500
cÖkœ \ 25 \ GKwU j‡Â hvÎx msL¨v 47; gv_vwcQy †Kwe‡bi fvov ev, x = 25  x = 100
†W‡Ki fvovi wØ¸Y| †W‡Ki fvov gv_vwcQy 30 UvKv Ges †gvU fvov  cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v 100wU
cÖvwß 1680 UvKv n‡j, †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v KZ? Ges cÂvk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v (120 −100)wU ev, 20wU| (Ans.)
mgvavb : †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v = x cÖkœ \ 27 \ GKwU Mvwo NÈvq 60 wK.wg. †e‡M wKQy c_ Ges NÈvq
Zvn‡j, †W‡Ki hvÎx msL¨v = (47 – x) 40 wK.wg. †e‡M Aewkó c_ AwZµg Ki‡jv| MvwowU †gvU 5 NÈvq
cÖkœg‡Z, †W‡Ki gv_vwcQy fvov = 30 UvKv 240 wK.wg. c_ AwZµg Ki‡j, NÈvq 60 wK. wg †e‡M KZ`~i
 †Kwe‡bi gv_vwcQy fvov = (30  2) UvKv = 60 UvKv
wM‡q‡Q?
mgvavb : awi, 60 wK.wg./NÈv †e‡M x wK.wg. `~iZ¡ wM‡qwQj|
cÖkœg‡Z, 60x + 30(47 – x) = 1680
Zvn‡j, NÈvq 40 wK.wg. †e‡M wM‡qwQj (240 – x) wK.wg.|
ev, 60x + 1410 – 30x = 1680 x 240 – x
ev, 30x = 1680 – 1410 cÖkœg‡Z, 60 + 40 = 5
270
ev, x = 30  x = 9 ev, 2x + 3 (240 – x) = 600 [Dfqc‡ÿ 120 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, 2x + 720 – 3x = 600
†Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v 9| (Ans.) ev, – x = 600 – 720
cÖkœ \ 26 \ 120 wU cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªv I cÂvk cqmvi gy`ªvq †gvU ev, – x = – 120  x = 120
35 UvKv n‡j, †Kvb cÖKv‡ii gy`ªvi msL¨v KqwU?  MvwowU 60 wK.wg. †e‡M 120 wK.wg. wM‡qwQj| (Ans.)
mgvavb : cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v xwU

1. 3 + 2x2 + x = 0 mgxKiYwU‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi 6. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK
mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡j b Gi gvb− ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wZb¸Y| GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, msL¨vwU
K3 L2 KZ n‡e?
1 N0  31x L 13x M 4x N 3x2
2. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq 7. 2x − 3 + 5 = 2 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
A‡¼i wØ¸Y| GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, msL¨vwU KZ? K6 L {6}  {} N {}
 21x L 12x x x
8. 4
+ 3 = − 2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
3
M 3x N 2x
K 120  60 M 36 N6
3. 2x − 5 + 3 = 2 Gi mwVK mgvavb †mU †KvbwU?
K {3}
M {− 3}
L {± 3}

9. ( 11 5) 5x−2
= ( 5 5) 2x + 1
mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †KvbwU?
3 1
4. 2x − 3 + 5 = 2 Gi mgvavb †KvbwU? 7 L1 M
5
N
3
6 L4
M2 N
10. 2x − 3 + 4 = 3 mgxKiYwUi mvgavb †KvbwU?
z−2 1  L {−3} M {3} N {6}
5. z−1
=2−
z−1
Gi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 11. a + b = a − b n‡j, b Gi gvb KZ?
K {1}0 L {0} 1
K −1 0 M N2
{} N {2} 2

51 : PjK K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 29. GK PjK wewkó mgxKiY n‡j−
i. x + y + 3 = 5 ii. x2 − 5x + b = 0
12. 3x + 9 = 12 wb‡Pi †KvbwUi ch©vqfz³? (mnR) iii. 2y2 + 3y − 5 = 0
 mgxKiY L †mU M A‡f` N AmgZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
13. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgxKiY? (mnR)
30. hw` GKwU †mU S = {x : x  R, 1 ≤ x ≤ 7} nq; Z‡e-
K x+3−5  x+2=5
M 5x + 2 N x2 + x + 1
i. x Gi gvb 1 †_‡K 7 ch©šÍ †h †Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡Z
14. 5x − 3 = 2x + 6 mgxKi‡Y PjK KqwU? (mnR) cv‡i
1 L2
ii. x Gi gvb 4, 5, 6 n‡Z cv‡i
M3 N4 iii. x Gi gvb 1 I 7 Qvov †h †Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i
15. x + a = 10 mgxKi‡Y x †K wK e‡j? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K aªæeK  PjK M NvZ N mnM  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
16. mvaviYZ Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi †QvU nv‡Zi †k‡li w`‡Ki Aÿi x, 31. 2x3 − x2 − 5x + 3 = 0 mgxKiYwUi−
i. GK PjKwewkó wÎNvZ mgxKiY
y, z †K Kx wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq? (mnR)
ii. Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ 2
 PjK L aªæeK M A‡f` N m~PK
iii. x3 I x2 Gi mnM h_vµ‡g 2 I − 1 Ges aªæeK c` 3
17. mvaviYZ Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi †QvU nv‡Zi cÖ_g w`‡Ki Aÿi a, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
b, c Kx wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq? (mnR)
K PjK  aªæeK M m~PK N mgxKiY
32. x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 GKwU mgxKiY hvi−
18. hw` †Kv‡bv Aÿi cÖZxK Øviv †Kv‡bv †m‡Ui Dcv`vb †evSvq,
i. NvZ = 2 ii. aªæec` = 5
Z‡e Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
iii. x2 Gi mnM = 3
K mgxKiY  PjK M NvZ N m~PK
19. S = {x : x  R , 1 ≤ x ≤ 7} †mUwU‡Z PjK †KvbwU? (mnR)
x L R MS N
33. mgxKi‡Yi Ñ
20. x + 3 = 5 mgxKiYwUi NvZ KZ? (mnR)
K0 1 M2 N3 i. mgvb wP‡ýi `yBc‡ÿ `yBwU eûc`x _v‡K
21. 5x − 2 = x + 3 mgxKiYwUi NvZ KZ? (mnR) ii. GKc‡ÿ k~b¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i
1 L2 M3 N4 iii. g~j Øviv mgxKiYwU wm× nq
22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GK PjKwewkó GK NvZ mgxKiY? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K x2 − 6 = 0  x + 6 − 3 = 33 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M x3 − x2 = 7 N (x − 1)(x + 1) = 4
1 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
23. x3 − x = 4 n‡j Gi aªæe c`wU KZ? (ga¨g)
 −1 L3 M4 N5  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 34 − 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x4 − 1 x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
e¨vL¨v : x = 4 ev, x4 − 1 = 4x ev, x4 − 4x − 1 = 0 A_©vr aªæe c`wU, −1 34. cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y PjK wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
1 x L x2 M2 N6
24. x2 − 2 = 0 mgxKiYwUi
x
Pj‡Ki NvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
35. mgxKiYwU KqwU PjKwewkó? (mnR)
K1 L2 M3 4 1 L2 M3 N4
1 x4 − 1 36. mgxKiYwUi m‡e©v”P NvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : x2 − x2 = 0; x2 = 0; x4 − 1 = 0 A_©vr NvZ 4
K1 2 M3 N4
25. x2 − 7x + 12 = 0 mgxKi‡Y x Gi mnM KZ ? (mnR) 37. mgxKiYwUi aªæe c`wU KZ? (mnR)
 −7 L1 M2 N 12 K2 L5 6 N8
5
26. x − 2 = 2 mgxKi‡Y x Gi mnM KZ ?
x
2 (ga¨g)
 −2 L1 M2 N5
52 : mgxKiY I A‡f`
5
e¨vL¨v : (x − 2) = x2 ev, x2 (x − 2) = 5 ev, x3 − 2x2 − 5 = 0 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
mgxKi‡Y x2 Gi mnM −2 38. mgvb wPý msewjZ †Lvjv evK¨‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
27. (x − 1)3 = 0 mgxKiYwUi NvZ KZ ? (ga¨g)
K PjK L aªæeK M †Wv‡gb  mgxKiY
K0 L1 M2 3
39. mgxKiY †h gvb ev gvb¸‡jv Øviv wm× nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K NvZ  g~j M m~PK N A‡f`
28. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 40. (x − 3)2 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j KqwU? (mnR)
i. PjK n‡jv mgxKi‡Yi GK ev GKvwaK AÁvZ ivwk K1 2 M3 N4
ii. x + 3 = 5 mgxKi‡Yi x n‡jv PjK e¨vL¨v : (x − 3)2 = 0 ev, x2 − 6x + 9 = 0 Gi PjK x Gi NvZ 2| ZvB g~j 2wU|
iii. mvaviYZ a, b, c BZ¨vw`‡K aªæeK wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq 41. (x − 4)3 = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j KqwU? (mnR)
K1 L2 3 N4 53. mgxKiYwUi g~j KqwU? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : x2 − 3x24 + 3x42 − 43 = 0 mgxKiYwUi m‡e©v”P NvZ 3, ZvB g~j 3wU| K1 2 M3 N4
42. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡f`? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : (x + 1)2 = 2x + 1 ev, x2 + 2x + 1 = 2x + 1
ev, x2 = 0  x = 0, 0. ZvB g~j 2wU|
K − 5x + 6 = 0
x2 L − 5x = −6
x2 54. mgxKiYwUi Wvbc‡ÿ Kx Ki‡j mgxKiYwU A‡f`-G
M x2 = 5x − 6  x(x − 5) = x2 − 5x
cwiewZ©Z n‡e? (KwVb)
e¨vL¨v : A‡f‡` Dfqc‡ÿi eûc`xi gvÎv mgvb _v‡K|
K 2 we‡qvM Ki‡j  x2 †hvM Ki‡j
43. A‡f‡` (=) wP‡ýi cwie‡Z© †Kvb wPý eëüZ nq? (mnR)
M x2 we‡qvM Ki‡j N 1 †hvM Ki‡j
K L  N≠ e¨vL¨v : x2 †hvM Ki‡j mgxKiYwU `vuovq (x + 1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1 hv
44. exRMwYZxq cÖwZwU m~ÎB Kx? (mnR) GKwU A‡f`|
K AmgZv  A‡f` M mgZv N mij mgxKiY
45. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡f` bq? (ga¨g)
53 : GKNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb
K a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 − 2ab mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 + (a − b)2
M 4ab = (a + b)2 − (a − b)2 55. mgxKiY mgvav‡bi ag© KqwU? (mnR)
N a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 − 3ab(a + b) K1 L2 M3 4
46. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡f`? (ga¨g) 56. mgxKi‡Yi Dfqcÿ‡K GKB msL¨v ev ivwk Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j
K x2 = 16 L 2x − 5  7 cÿØ‡q †KvbwU N‡U? (mnR)
 (x − 1)2 = x2 − 2x + 1 N 4x − 2 = 3x + 5 K Amgvb nq L wecixZ nq  mgvb nq N Kg †ewk nq
57. hw` x = a Ges c  0 nq, Z‡e− (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi x2 a x2 a x a x a
K = L = M =  =
47. mgxKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Ñ (mnR) c c2 c2 c2 c2 c c c
i. `yB c‡ÿi eûc`xi Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ mgvb 58. †Kv‡bv mgxKi‡Yi c`¸‡jv fMœvsk AvKv‡i _vK‡j, je¸‡jv‡Z
ii. Dfqc‡ÿi eûc`xi gvÎv Amgvb n‡Z cv‡i
Pj‡Ki NvZ 1 Ges ni¸‡jv aªæeK n‡j, †m¸‡jv wKiƒc
mgxKiY? (mnR)
iii. mKj mgxKiY m~Î bq
 GKNvZ mgxKiY L wØNvZ mgxKiY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M wÎNvZ mgxKiY N PZz©NvZ mgxKiY
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 59. a = b + c n‡j †Kvb wewaAbymv‡i a − b = c n‡e? (mnR)
48. A‡f‡ì †ÿ‡Î Ñ K we‡qvM wewa L †hvM wewa  cÿvšÍi wewa N
i. mgvb wP‡ýi `yB c‡ÿ `yBwU eûc`x _v‡K iƒcvšÍiwewa
ii. Dfqc‡ÿ eûc`xi gvÎv mgvb _v‡K 2y y−1 3y
60. 5 − 3 = 2 mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi? (mnR)
iii. Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P Nv‡Zi msL¨vi †P‡qI AwaK msL¨K
gv‡bi Rb¨ A‡f`wU wm× nq  GKNvZ wewkó L `yBNvZ wewkó
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M wZbNvZ wewkó N PviNvZ wewkó
e¨vL¨v : †Kv‡bv mgxKi‡Yi c`¸‡jv fMœvsk AvKv‡i _vK‡j Ges ni¸‡jv
Ki L ii M i I iii  i, ii I iii aªæeK n‡j je¸‡jv‡Z Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZB H mgxKi‡Yi NvZ|
49. i. A‡f‡` mgvb (=) wP‡ýi cwie‡Z© ÔÕ wPý eëüZ nq 61. 4x − 3 = 3 n‡j mgxKiYwUi g~j KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. (y + 1)2 − (y − 1)2 = 4y GKwU A‡f` K0 L3 M4 9
2
iii. mKj mgxKiY GKwU A‡f` e¨vL¨v : 4x = 3 + 3; ( 4x) = (6)2; 4x = 36; myZivs x = 9
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 62. 4x2 − 8ax = 0 Gi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K {0, 4a}  {0, 2a} M {2, 4a} N {2, 2a}
63. x2 = 2x mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
50. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki Ñ
K { 2}  {0, 2} M{} N {0, − 2}
i. mKj exRMwYZxq m~ÎB A‡f`
64. 2x − 3 + 5 = 2 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
ii. mKj mgxKiY m~Î bq
K {−3} L {3} M {6}  {}
iii. Dfqc‡ÿ eûc`xq gvÎv mgvb _v‡K bv e¨vL¨v : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x − 3 + 5 = 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) ev, 2x − 3 = 2 − 5 ev, 2x − 3 = −3
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wKš‘ †Kv‡bv ev¯Íe ivwki eM©g~j FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
51. (x + 1)2 + (x − 1)2 = 4x mgxKiYwU x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨? myZivs mgvavb †mU, S = { }
65. (y + 5)(y − 5) = 24 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU (ga¨g)
i. 0 ii. 1 iii. mKj gv‡bi Rb¨
K7 L +7 M −7  7
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) x
66. 3
= x − 2 Gi mgvavb †mU KZ? (ga¨g)
 {3} L {2} M{} N {4}
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 67. (x + 2)(x − 3) = 0 mgxKiYwUi GKwU g~j KZ? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 Ñ 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K2  −2 M −3 N0
x−5
(x + 1)2 = 2x + 1 GKwU mgxKiY| 68. x−5=
x
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
52. mgxKiYwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv wm× n‡e? (mnR) K0 L3 M4 5
K NvZ  g~j M mnM N A‡f`
69. x – 2 (x – 1) = 1 – 4 (x + 1) mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wb‡Pi M 5 †K evg cv‡k G‡b mij Ki‡Z n‡e|
†KvbwU? (ga¨g)  mivmwi mij K‡i eM© Ki‡Z n‡e|
5 3 80. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K5 L –5 − N
3 5 K {1} L {4}  {1,4} N {2, 3}
x x
70. 3 = 2 + 4 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 81. mgxKi‡Yi Wvbcv‡k 5x − 4 ¸Y Ki‡j mgvavb KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
1 L2 M3 N4
K
3
 24 M 18 N 12  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 82 I 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
4
x – 2 3x – 4 4x – 3 + 5 = 2
71. 3
–
4
= 1 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) 82. cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
8 5 5 K 4x L 4x – 3 = 3  4x – 3 = −3N 4x = 0
 {– } L{ } M { 15} N {– }
5 8 8 83. mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
72. 7x – 3 + 5 = 10 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) K {0,3} L {0} M {3}  { } ev 
1 1
 {4} L {2} M{ } N{ }
2 4 54 : GKNvZ mgxKi‡Yi eënvi
73. 2x – 3 + 5 = 2 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
 L {3} M {−3} N {6} mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 84. †Kvb msL¨vi wØ¸‡Yi mv‡_ 3 †hvM Kiv‡Z †hvMdj msL¨vwU
A‡c¶v 7 †ewk| msL¨vwU wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb
74. mgxKi‡Yi Dfqc‡ÿ GKB msL¨v ev ivwkÑ mgxKiYwU mwVK? (mnR)
i. †hvM Ki‡j cÿØq Amgvb n‡q hvq  2x + 3 = x + 7 L 2x +3 = x–7
ii. †hvM Ki‡j cÿØq mgvb _v‡K x
iii. we‡qvM Ki‡j cÿØq mgvb _v‡K M 2x + 3 = 7x N 2x + 3 =
7
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 85. †Kvb msL¨vi wØ¸‡Yi mv‡_ 3 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj msL¨vwUi
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii Pvi¸Y †_‡K 7 Kg nq, msL¨vwU KZ? (ga¨g)
75. mgxKi‡Yi Ñ K2 L4 5 N7
e¨vL¨v : mgxKiYwU 2x + 3 = 4x − 7 ev, −2x = −10  x = 5
i. mgvb wP‡ýi `yBc‡ÿ `yBwU eûc`x _v‡K
86. `yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ x Ges
ii. GKc‡ÿ k~b¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i
GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ A‡cÿv 2 †ewk|
iii. g~j Øviv mgxKiYwU wm× n‡q msL¨vwU KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 10x + 2 L x(x + 2) M 10(x + 2)  11x + 2
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : GKK ¯’vbxq AsKwU x + 2
x 3 10  msL¨vwU 10x + (x + 2) = 11x + 2
76. 3 + x = 3 GKwU mgxKiY Ñ 87. GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii mgwó 11 Ges AšÍidj
i. hvi mswÿß iƒc x2 − 10x + 9 = 0 ii. hv GKNvZ wewkó 3| fMœvskwU KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. hvi g~jØq 9, 0 K
6

7
M
8
N
4
5 4 3 7
2
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 88. GKwU msL¨v hv x Gi 3 ¸Y| msL¨vwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
77. 2x – 3 + 5 = 2 mgxKiY Ñ 
2x
L
3+2
M
3x
Nx+
2
i. GKwU GK PjKwewkó mgxKiY 3 x 2 3
ii. Gi mgvavb †mU s = { } iii. Gi mgvavb x = 6
89. GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii AšÍi 1 n‡j fMœvskwU KZ? (mnR)
x x x+1 x+1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K
2x

x+1
M
x
N
x+2
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 90. wb‡Pi †Kvb msL¨vi wØ¸‡Yi mv‡_ 12 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 38
78. 2x − 3= −3 mgxKi‡YiÑ n‡e? (KwVb)
i. mgvavb †mU = {6} ii. †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB K7 L6 M5  13
e¨vL¨v : awi, msL¨vwU x cÖkœg‡Z, 2x + 12 = 38
iii. mgvavb †mU =  ev, 2x = 38 − 12 = 26  x = 13
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 91. `yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ `kK
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii ¯’vbxq A¼ A‡cÿv 4 †ewk| `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ y n‡j, GKK
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ¯’vbxq A¼ wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (mnR)
Kx+4 y+4 Mx−4 N 4x + y
4
+ 5x – 4 = 5 GKwU GK PjKwewkó mvaviY mgxKiY| 92. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK
5x – 4
79. mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki‡Z wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZwU eënvi Kiv ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wØ¸Y|
hyw³hy³? (ga¨g) i. GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, msL¨vwU = 21x
K Dfq c¶ n‡Z 5x – 4 we‡qvM K‡i eM© Ki‡Z n‡e| ii. msL¨vwUi A¼Ø‡qi mgwói 7 ¸Y = 21x
L Dfq c‡¶ 5x – 4 ¸Y K‡i eM© Ki‡Z n‡e| iii. A¼Ø‡qi mgwói = 42x
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 99. 10 UvKvq cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªv Av‡Q KZwU? (mnR)
Ki  i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K 20 L 30  40 N 50
93. GKwU msL¨v I H msL¨vi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ msL¨vi mgwó 2| 100. ïf wnmve K‡i †`L‡jv Zvi Kv‡Q cÂvk cqmvi gy`ªv Av‡Q
m¤¢ve¨ mgxKiYwU n‡e- 20wU| cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªv Av‡Q KZwU? (mnR)
1 K 50  100 M 120 N 125
i. x + = 2 ii. x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 101. ïfi KZ UvKv Av‡Q? (ga¨g)
x
iii. x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 K 25 L 30  35 N 40
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : 100  25 + 20  50 = 2500 + 1000 = 3500 cqmv = 35 UvKv|
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 102 Ñ 104 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
94. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼, GKK GKwU †kªwYi cÖwZ‡e‡Â 4 Rb K‡i QvÎ emv‡j 3wU †eÂ Lvwj _v‡K|
¯’vbxq A‡¼i (x) wØ¸Y n‡j− Avevi cÖwZ‡e‡Â 3 Rb K‡i QvÎ emv‡j 6 Rb QvÎ‡K ùvwo‡q
i. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼wU 2x _vK‡Z nq| (ai, †kªwYwUi QvÎmsL¨v x Rb)
ii. msL¨vwU 12x 102. 1g kZ©g‡Z H †kªwYi †e‡Âi msL¨vi Rb¨ MwVZ ivwk wb‡Pi
iii. msL¨vwU A¼Ø‡qi mgwói 7 ¸Y †KvbwU? (mnR)
x x x
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K 3x + 4  +3 M +4 N −3
4 3 4
e¨vL¨v : ii. mwVK bq| KviY, GKK ¯’vbxq AsK x, `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ 2x
103. 2q kZ©g‡Z H †kªwYi †e‡Âi msL¨vi Rb¨ MwVZ ivwk wb‡Pi
n‡j msL¨vwU 10  2x + x = 20x + x = 21x †KvbwU? (mnR)
x−6 x−3 x−3
95. GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je x I ni y n‡j −  L
x+6
M N
3 3 6 4
x
i. fMœvskwU 104. H †kªwYi wb‡Y©q QvÎmsL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
y
y K 30 Rb L 40 Rb L 50 Rb  60 Rb
ii. fMœvskwU e¨vL¨v : cÖkœ, 92 I 93 n‡Z Dfq †ÿ‡Î †e‡Âi msL¨v mgvb
x
iii. x  y x x−6
4+3= 3
x + 12 x − 6
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ev, 4
=
3
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ev, 4x − 24 = 3x + 36  x = 60
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 96 Ñ 98 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wknve Mvwo Pvwj‡q NÈvq 60 wK.wg. †e‡M wKQz c_ Ges NÈvq 30 wK.wg.
`yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ `kK ¯’vbxq †e‡M evwK c_ AwZµg Ki‡jv| MvwowU †gvU 5 NÈvq AwZµg K‡i|
A‡¼i wZb¸Y| 105. NÈvq 60 wK.wg. = KZ wgUvi/†m‡KÛ? (mnR)
96. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ KZ? (mnR) K 1111 L 1555  1667 N 20
x 3 60  1000
 3x L M N 3+x e¨vL¨v : 3600
= 1667
3 x
e¨vL¨v : `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j 106. hw` MvwowU NÈvq 60 wK.wg. †e‡M †gvU mg‡qi `yB Z…Zxqvsk
GKK Ó Ó 3x n‡e| AwZµg K‡i Z‡e wknve KZ wK.wg. `~iZ¡ wM‡q‡Q? (ga¨g)
97. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, msL¨vwU KZ? (mnR) K 100 L 150 M 180  200
 13x L 31x Mx N 332 2 10
e¨vL¨v : `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ x, ( )
e¨vL¨v : †gvU mg‡qi `yB-Z…Zxqvsk = 5  3 NÈv = 3 NÈv
GKK Ó Ó 3x 10 10
 msL¨vwU, 10x + 3x = 13x ( )
 60 wK.wg. †e‡M MvwowU 3 NÈvq hvq 3  60 ev 200 wK.wg.
98. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ 3 n‡j, ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z msL¨vwU KZ? (ga¨g) 107. wknve †gvU mg‡q KZ wK.wg. `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i? (KwVb)
 93 L 39 M 31 N 13 K 230  250 M 260 N 300
e¨vL¨v : `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ 3 n‡j, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ 33 = 9 n‡e
 msL¨vwU, 103 + 9 = 30 + 9 = 39
e¨vL¨v : evwK mgq (5 − 103) = 35 NÈv
 ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j 93 nq| 5 5
 30 wK.wg. †e‡M MvwowU 3 NÈvq hvq (3  30) wK.wg. = 50 wK.wg.
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 99 Ñ 101 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ïfi Kv‡Q cuwPk I cÂvk cqmvi 120wU gy`ªv Av‡Q|  †gvU mg‡q MvwowU AwZµg K‡i (200 + 50) wK.wg. = 250 wK.wg.|

108. 5x – 6 + 5 = 2 Gi mgvavb †KvbwU? ax bx
110. b − a = a2 − b2 mgxKi‡Y x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K6 L5 M3  mgvavb †bB
a b
109. 3x = 2 3 n‡j x = KZ? K
b
L
a
 ab N
1 1
K3 L 2 N6 111. x + = 2 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
3 x
K −1 1 M
1
N2
130. `yBwU msL¨vi ¸Ydj Ges fvMdj h_vµ‡g 100 Ges 4 msL¨v
2 `yBwU KZ?
112. ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKiYwUi evgcÿ Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? K 15, 8  20, 5 M 25, 2 N 30, 2
K GKgvwÎK eûc`x  wØgvwÎK eûc`x 131. GKwU †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wg, cÖ¯’ 1 wg I D”PZv k~b¨ n‡j
M wÎgvwÎK eync`x N †Kv‡bvwUB bq †ÿÎwU Kx n‡e?
3 K GK gvwÎK  wØgvwÎK M wÎgvwÎK N Nbe¯‘
113. 5 fMœvskwUi je I n‡ii mv‡_ †Kvb GKB msL¨v †hvM Ki‡j 132. `yBwU msL¨vi mgwó 12 Ges AšÍi 4 n‡j e„nËi msL¨vwU KZ?
4 K2 L4 M6 8
fMœvskwU 5 nq? 133. 2x2 − 4ax = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j KqwU?
K1 5 M 13 N 35 K0 L1 2 N3
114. −x(b + c) = a(b + c) n‡j x = KZ? 134. GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
1 x 2x 1 2x x
Ka L −a N b+c K −2=  2x − 1 = M =1− N 2x − 1 = x − 1
a 3 3 x 2 3
115. mij mnmgxKi‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi KqwU mgvavb _v‡K? 135. x + a = 5 GKwU mgxKiY| mgxKiYwUi−
K AmsL¨v L mgvavb †bB  GKwU N `yBwU
i. NvZ 1 ii. PjK x iii. exR a
116. 3x + 3 = 4 n‡j, x Gi mwVK gvb †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
1 1
K1 L 
3
N3  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
3
e¨vL¨v : (iii) mwVK bq; KviY mgxKi‡Yi AÁvZ ivwk ev Pj‡Ki gvbB
2 7
117. x + 1 = x + 6 n‡j, x Gi gvb †KvbwU? exR| GLv‡b, x = 5 − a
K0 L4 M −1 1 136. `yBwU µwgK msL¨vi mgwó 61 n‡j msL¨v `yBwU KZ?−
118. x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 mgxKiYwUi exR wb‡Pi †KvbwU? i. 21, 40 ii. 30, 31 iii. 25, 26
 −2, −3 L −1, −6 M 3, −2 N 2, 3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
x−a x−b a b Ki  ii M i I ii N i I iii
119. x − b + x − a = b + a Gi mgvavb †mU KZ?
x
K {0, a − b) L {0, b − a}
137. x + 3 GKwU fMœvsk n‡j−
M {a − b, a + b}  {0, a + b} i. Gi n‡ii e‡M©i gvb x2 + 6x + 9
120. 4x − 3 + 5 = 2 mgxKi‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. j‡ei eM© I n‡ii †hvMdj x2 + x + 3 Gi mgvb
K 4x L 4x − 3 = 3 iii. Gi gvb 2 Gi mgvb n‡j GwU GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY n‡Zv
 4x − 3 = −3 N 4x = 0 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
121. y = x2 − 3x + 2 dvsk‡b Aaxb PjK †KvbwU?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Kx y M 3x N2
122. wb‡Pi †KvbwU PjK? 138. 3x + 2y = 12 GKwU mgxKiY−
K −2 L2 M x i. GwU GKPjKwewkó mij mgxKiY
123. xwU Kjg y R‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 5wU K‡i eÈb Kivi ci ii. Gi GKwU mgvavb n‡e (0, 6)
4wU Kjg i‡q †Mj, eÈb cÖwµqvwU wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiY Øviv iii. Gi AmsL¨v mgvavb Av‡Q
cÖKvk Kiv hvq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K x = 4y + 5  x = 5y + 4 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M x = 5y − 4 N y = 5x + 4 139. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv †`LÑ
124. 4x − 3 + 6 = 5 mgxKiYwUi †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
i. cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î, je  ni
K L1  {1} N {}
125. 2x − 3 + 5 = 8 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? ii. AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î, je  ni
K0 L {−3} M {3}  {6} iii. 10x + y msL¨vwU‡Z GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x
126. x2 − x − 12 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØ‡qi †hvMdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K −7 L −3 1 N4 Ki  i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii
127. wb‡Pi †Kvb fMœvs‡ki j‡ei mv‡_ 7 †hvM Ki‡j fMœvskwUi gvb c~Y©  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 140 I 141 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
msL¨v 2 nq| fMœvskwU KZ? `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq
1 3 6 8 A‡¼i wZb¸Y|
K  M N 140. GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j msL¨vwU KZ?
3 5 7 9
128. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 7; A¼Øq  31x L 21x M 3x N 2x
¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv cÖ`Ë msL¨v †_‡K 141. x = 2 n‡j, g~j msL¨vi mv‡_ ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z msL¨vi cv_©K¨ KZ?
K 26 L 16  36 N 46
9 †ewk| msL¨vwU KZ?
K 61 L 52 M 70  34
GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii AšÍi 2| fMœvskwUi ni 3|
129. hw` x = a Ges c ≠ 0 nq, Zvn‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK bq?
142. fMœvskwU KZ?
Kx+c=a+c L x−c=a−c
3 2 2 1
x a K L M 
 xc = c2 N = 2 5 3 3
c c
143. fMœvskwUi ni‡K `yB A¼wewkó msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKwU msL¨v Aci GKwU msL¨vi 2 ¸Y| msL¨v `yBwUi mgwó 100|
3
Ges je‡K `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ ai‡j msL¨vwU n‡e−
 13 L 31
144. †QvU msL¨vwU KZ?
M 103 N 301 K 60  40 M 20 N 30
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 144 I 145 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 145. eo msL¨vwU †QvU msL¨vwU †_‡K KZ †ewk?
K 15 L 25  20 N 30

œ 1  ivRy I mvRy GKB e¨vsK †_‡K 10% nvi gybvdvq h_vµ‡g
cÖk- GLb mij gybvdv I n‡j I = Pnr n‡Z cvB,
12000 UvKv Ges 15000 UvKv FY MÖnY Kij| 3 eQi ci ivRy mij I = (12000  3  0.1) UvKv = 3600 UvKv
gybvdv-Avm‡ji A‡a©K †kva Kij Ges mvRy Pµe„w× nvi gybvdvq 3 eQi ci gybvdv − Avmj = (12000 + 3600) UvKv = 15600 UvKv
m¤ú~Y© UvKv †kva Kij| 1
 †kva Kij 15600  2 UvKv = 7800 UvKv
K. mvRy I ivRyi F‡Yi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
( )
 3 eQi ci F‡Yi evwK _vKj (15600 − 7800) UvKv
L. ivRyi Avi KZ UvKv FY _vKj? 4
= 7800 UvKv (Ans.)
M. mvRy †Kej gybvdv wnmv‡e KZ UvKv †kva Kij? 4
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. Avgiv Rvwb,
Pµe„w× nvi gybvdvq, Pµe„w× g~jab C = P(1 + r)n
K. mvRyi F‡Yi cwigvY 15000 UvKv GLv‡b, g~jab A_©vr mvRyi F‡Yi cwigvY P = 12000 UvKv
ivRyi F‡Yi cwigvY 12000 UvKv 10
gybvdvi nvi r = 100 = 0.1
 mvRy I ivRyi F‡Yi AbycvZ = 15000 : 12000
= 15 : 12 = 5 : 4 (Ans.) mgq n = 3 eQi
L. ivRyi F‡Yi cwigvY P = 12000 UvKv  C = 15000  (1 + 0.1)3 = 19965 UvKv
10  3 eQi ci mvRy Pµe„w× nvi gybvdvq †kva Kij 19965 UvKv
gybvdvi nvi r = 100 = 0 . 1  mvRy †Kej gybvdv wn‡m‡e †kva Kij (19965 − 15000) UvKv
mgq n = 3 eQi = 4965 UvKv| (Ans.)

2y y−1 3y
œ 2  5 − 3 = 2 Ges r + 5 = 2 `yBwU mgxKiY
cÖk- M. cÖ`Ë wØZxq mgxKiY, 4x − 3 + 5 = 2
K. cÖ_g mgxKi‡Yi PjK Kx? 2 ev, 4x − 3 = 2 − 5
L. cÖ_g mgxKi‡Yi NvZ I g~j KqwU? 4 ev, 4x − 3 = − 3
M. wØZxq mgxKiY mgvavb Ki Ges mgvavb †mU †jL 4 †Kv‡bv ev¯Íe ivwki eM©g~j FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   mgxKiYwUi †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB|
 mgvavb †mU S = { } ev, 
2y y−1 3y
K. cÖ`Ë cÖ_g mgxKiY, 5 − 3 = 2 Gi PjK y œ 3  x I (x + 1) `yBwU µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨v Ges G‡ì e‡M©i
cÖk-
AšÍi 151.
2y y−1 3y K. mgxKi‡Yi NvZ Kx? 2
L. cÖ`Ë cÖ_g mgxKiY, 5 − 3 = 2
L. msL¨v `yBwU wbY©q Ki| 4
3 . 2y − 5 . (y − 1) 3y M. hw` msL¨v `yBwU †Kv‡bv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ I ˆ`N©¨
ev, 15
=
2 wb‡`©k K‡i, Z‡e AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv I †ÿÎdj
6y − 5y + 5 3y wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 15
=
y + 5 3y K. mgxKi‡Yi NvZ : †Kv‡bv mgxKi‡Yi Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ‡K
ev, 15
=
2 mgxKiYwUi NvZ e‡j|
ev, 45y = 2y + 10 †hgb- x + 1 = 5 mgxKi‡Yi NvZ 1 Ges x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
ev, 45y − 2y = 10 mgxKi‡Yi NvZ 2|
ev, 43y = 10 L. GLv‡b, µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨vØq h_vµ‡g x Ges x + 1
cÖkœg‡Z, (x + 1)2 − x2 = 151
10
y=
43
ev, x2 + 2 . x . 1 + 12 − x2 = 151
ev, x2 + 2x + 1 − x2 = 151
 mgxKiYwUi NvZ 1 Ges g~j 1wU| (Ans.)
ev, 2x + 1 = 151 msL¨v `yBwU wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 2x = 151 − 1
ev, 2x = 150  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, x = 75  x = 75 4
 GKwU msL¨v x = 75 K. cÖ`Ë fMœvskwUi je I n‡ii mv‡_ x †hvM Ki‡j 5 n‡e|
Ges Aci msL¨v = x + 1 = 75 + 1 = 76 3+x 4
wb‡Y©q msL¨v `yBwU 75 Ges 76|  mgxKiYwU 5 + x = 5
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, msL¨v `yBwU h_vµ‡g 75 I 76 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß mgxKiY,
†h‡nZz msLÄ `yBwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ I ˆ`N©¨ wb‡`©k K‡i 3+x 4
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 76 GKK Ges cÖ¯’ 75 GKK 5+x 5
=
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2  (76 + 75) GKK ev, 15 + 5x = 20 + 4x
= 2  151 GKK ev, 5x − 4x = 20 − 15  x = 5 (Ans.)
= 302 GKK
Ges AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (76  75) eM© GKK M. awi, µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨vØq h_vµ‡g x Ges x + 1
= 5700 eM© GKK cÖkœg‡Z, (x + 1)2 − x2 = (3  5) + 2
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 302 GKK Ges †ÿÎdj 5700 eM© GKK ev, x2 + 2x + 1 − x2 = 17
3 ev, 2x + 1 = 17
œ 4  5 GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk|
cÖk- ev, 2x = 16
4 16
K. fMœvskwUi je I n‡ii mv‡_ x †hvM Ki‡j 5 n‡e Zv x=
2
ev, 8
exRMvwYwZK mgxKi‡Y †`LvI| 2 GKwU msL¨v x = 8
L. ÔKÕ G cÖvß mgxKiYwU n‡Z x Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 Aci msL¨v = x + 1 = 8 + 1 = 9
M. `yBwU µwgK ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi cÖ`Ë wb‡Y©q msL¨v `yBwU 8 Ges 9
fMœvskwUi je I n‡ii ¸Ydj A‡cÿv 2 †ewk n‡j

œ 5  (x − 3), (x − 4), (x − 2) Ges (x − 5)
cÖk- x−2−x+3 x−4−x+5
ev, x2 − 5x + 6 = x2 − 9x + 20
PviwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk| cÖ_g I wØZxq ivwk `yBwUi ¸YvZ¥K
wecixZ msL¨vi mgwó Z…Zxq I PZz_© ivwk `yBwUi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ 1 1
ev, x2 − 5x + 6 = x2 − 9x + 20
msL¨vi mgwói mgvb|
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 ev, x2 − 5x + 6 =x2 − 9x + 20
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki| 4 ev, x2 − 5x − x2 + 9x = 20 − 6
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgvav‡bi gvb Gi je I n‡ii ev, 4x = 14
12
mv‡_ †Kvb msL¨v †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 7 n‡e? 4 14
ev, x = 4  x = 2
7

wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 2
K. cÖ_g I wØZxq ivwk `yBwUi ¸YvZ¥K wecixZ msL¨vi mgwó
1 1 7
= +
x−3 x−4
Ges Z…Zxq I PZz_© ivwk `yBwUi ¸YvZ¥K M. ÔLÕ Ask †_‡K cvB, x Gi gvb = 2
1 1 g‡b Kwi, wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU = a
wecixZ msL¨vi mgwó = x − 2 + x − 5 7+a 12
1 1 cÖkœg‡Z, 2 + a = 7
 mgxKiYwU = +
x−3 x−4 ev, 24 + 12a = 49 + 7a
=
1
+
1
(Ans.)
ev, 12a − 7a = 49 − 24
x−2 x−5 25
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, ev, 5a = 25  a = 5 = 5
12
1
+
1
=
1
+
1  x Gi gv‡bi je I n‡ii mv‡_ 5 †hvM Ki‡j n‡e
7
x−3 x−4 x−2 x−5
œ 6  wb‡Pi mgxKiY wZbwU jÿ Ki :
cÖk-
1 1 1 1
ev, x − 3 − x − 2 = x − 5 − x − 4 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] ax bx
i. − = a 2 − b2
b a
(x − 2) − (x − 3) (x − 4) − (x − 5) a b a+b
ev, (x − 3) (x − 2) = (x − 5) (x − 4) ii. + =
x−a x−b x−a−b
a b a+b 2 3 4+4
iii. + =
a−x b−x a+b−x
ev, 2x − 1 + 3x − 1 = 4x + 1
K. (i) bs mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki| 2 2 3 4 4
ev, 2x − 1 + 3x − 1 = 4x + 1 + 4x + 1
L. (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi g~j wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †`LvI †h, (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKi‡Yi exR GKB| 4 2 4 4
ev, 2x − 1 − 4x + 1 = 4x + 1 − 3x − 1
3
2 (4x + 1) − 4 (2x − 1) 4 (3x − 1) − 3 (4x + 1)
K. Abykxjbx 51 Gi 2 bs mgvavb †`L (y Gi ¯’v‡b x n‡e) ev, (2x − 1) (4x + 1)
=
(4x + 1) (3x − 1)
L. Abykxjbx-51 Gi 7 bs mgvavb †`L 8x + 2 − 8x + 4 12x − 4 − 12x − 3
ev, (2x − 1) (4x + 1)
=
(4x + 1) (3x − 1)
M. Abykxjbx 51 Gi 26 bs mgvavb †`L| m I n Gi cwie‡Z© a I b n‡e|
6 −7
L †_‡K, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi exR x = 2
a+b ev, (2x − 1) (4x + 1)
=
(4x + 1) (3x − 1)
 (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKi‡Yi exR GKB| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 6 −7
ev, 2x − 1
=
3x − 1
[Dfqcÿ‡K (4x + 1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
œ 7  4x + 1, 3x − 1, x + 1 Ges 2x − 1 PviwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk-
ev, 18x − 6 = − 14x + 7
K. cÖ_g ivwk wZbwUi mgwó 17 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, x = 2 2 ev, 18x + 14x = 7 + 6
4 9 5
L. hw` PZz_© ivwk + wØZxq ivwk = Z…Zxq ivwk nq, ev, 32x = 13  x =
13
32
Z‡e x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
2 3 8
œ 8  x + a, x − b, x + c wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk-
M. PZz_© ivwk + wØZxq ivwk = Z…Zxq ivwk n‡j K. 1g `ywU ivwki mgwó b − a n‡j, x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
13 1g ivwk 2q ivwk
†`LvI †h, x = 32 4 L. 2 = 2 2 n‡j, mgxKiYwUi mgvavb
a − b2 b −a
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  †mU wbY©q Ki| 4
K. cÖkœg‡Z, (4x + 1) + (3x − 1) + (x + 1) = 17 1g ivwk 1g ivwk
M. 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk n‡j, mgxKiYwUi mgvavb wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 4x + 1 + 3x − 1 + x + 1 = 17
ev, 8x + 1 = 17  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, 8x = 17 − 1 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 1g `ywU ivwki mgwó = b − a
16 ev, x + a + x − b = b − a
ev, x = 8  x = 2 (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, 2x = b − a + b − a
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ev, 2x = 2b − 2a
4 9 5 ev, 2x = 2 (b − a)
PZz_© ivwk + wØZxq ivwk = Z…Zxq ivwk 2 (b − a)
4 9 5 ev, x =  x = b − a (Ans)
ev, 2x − 1 + 3x − 1 = x + 1 2
4 9 2+3 1g ivwk 2q ivwk

ev, 2x − 1 + 3x − 1 = x + 1 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a2 − b2 = b2 − a2
4 9 2 3 x+a x−b
ev, 2x − 1 + 3x − 1 = x + 1 + x + 1 ev, a2 − b2 = b2 − a2
4 2 3 9 x+a x−b
ev, 2x − 1 − x + 1 = x + 1 − 3x − 1 ev, a2 − b2 = − (a2 − b2)
4 (x + 1) − 2 (2x − 1) 3 (3x − 1) − 9 (x + 1) x+a x−b
ev, (2x − 1) (x + 1) = (x + 1) (3x − 1) ev, 1 = − 1
4x + 4 − 4x + 2 9x − 3 − 9x − 9 ev, − x − a = x − b
ev, (2x − 1) (x + 1) = (x + 1) (3x − 1) ev, − x − x = − a − b
6 − 12 b−a
ev, (2x − 1) (x + 1) = (x + 1) (3x − 1) ev, − 2x = − (b − a)  x = 2
b−a
1 −2
ev, 2x − 1 = 3x − 1 [Dfqcÿ‡K
6
Øviv fvM K‡i] wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S =  2 
x+1  
ev, 3x − 1 = − 4x + 2 1g ivwk 1g ivwk
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk
ev, 3x + 4x = 1 + 2
3 x+a x+a
ev, 7x = 3  x = 7 ev, x − b = x + c
2 3 8 x+a x+a
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, PZz_© ivwk + wØZxq ivwk = Z…Zxq ivwk ev, x − b − x + c = 0
ev, (x + a) x − b − x + c = 0
2 3 8 1 1
ev, 2x − 1 + 3x − 1 = 4x + 1  
1 1 p2 + pq − px − p2 + px q2 − qx − pq − q2 + qx
 nq, x − b − x + c = 0 A_ev, x + a = 0 ev, (p − x) (p − q − x) =
(p + q − x) (q − x)
1 1 pq − pq
ev, x − b = x + c ev, x = − a ev, (p −x) (p + q − x) = (p + q − x) (q − x)
ev, x − b = x + c 1 −1
ev, p − x = q − x
ev, x − b − x − c = 0
ev, − b − c = 0  b + c = 0 ev, q − x = − p + x
wKš‘ b + c  0 [KviY Bnv x ewR©Z ivwk] ev, − x − x = − p − q
 x = − a (Ans.) − (p + q) p + q
ev, − 2x = − (p + q)  x = − 2 = 2
œ 9  p − x, q − x, p + q − x, p + q + x PviwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk-
p+q
K. 1g wZbwU ivwki mgwó 4_© ivwki mgvb n‡j, x Gi
gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { } 2
2
1g ivwk 2q ivwk 4_© ivwk œ 10  GKwU msL¨v Aci GKwU msL¨vi 3 ¸Y Ges msL¨v `yBwUi
cÖk-
L. + + p + q = 0 n‡j,
q p mgwó 100
mgxKiYwUi mgvavb wbY©q Ki| 4 K. Z_¨¸‡jv‡K GKPjK wewkó GKwU mgxKi‡Yi
p q p+q
M. 1g ivwk + 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk n‡j, mgxKiYwUi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. msL¨v `yBwU wbY©q Ki| 4
mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 4 M. GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii AšÍi 1; je I
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ni †_‡K 1 we‡qvM Ki‡j †h fMœvsk MwVZ nq Zv msL¨v
K. cÖkœvbymv‡i, p − x + q − x + p + q − x = p + q + x `ywU Øviv MwVZ fMœvs‡ki mgvb| fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, − 3x + 2p + 2q = p + q + x  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, − 3x - x = p + q − 2p − 2q
K. g‡b Kwi, eo msL¨v = x
ev, − 4x = − p − q 2 2x
− (p + q) p+q  †QvU msL¨vwU = x Gi =
ev, x = − 4  x = 4 (Ans) 3 3
2x
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖkœg‡Z, x + 3 = 100 (Ans)
1g ivwk 2q ivwk 4_© ivwk 2x
L. ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB, x + 3 = 100
q + p + p+q = 0
p−x q−x p+q+x 3x + 2x
ev, q + p + p + q = 0 ev, 3
= 100
5x
p−x q−x p+q+x ev, 3 = 100
ev, q + 1 + p + 1 + p + q − 2 = 0
p − x + q q − x + p p + q + x − 2p − 2q
ev, 5x = 100  3 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ev, q
+
p
+
p+q
=0 ev, 5x = 300
p+q−x p+q−x −p−q+x 300
ev, x = 5
ev, q
+
p
+
p+q
=0
p+q−x p+q−x p+q−x  x = 60
ev, q
+
p
−
p+q
=0 A_©vr eo msL¨vwU, x = 60
1 1 1 2x 2  60
(
ev, (p + q − x) q + p − p + q = 0 ) Ges †QvU msL¨vwU = 3 = 3 = 40
1 1 1  msL¨v `ywU h_vµ‡g 60 Ges 40 (Ans)
 nq p + q − x = 0 A_ev, q + p − p + q = 0 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, msL¨v `ywU h_vµ‡g 60 Ges 40
1 1 1 40 2
ev, − x = − (p + q) wKš‘ q + p − p + q  0 msL¨vwU `ywU Øviv MwVZ cÖK…Z fMœvsk = =
60 3
[ ivwkwU x ewR©Z] g‡b Kwi, fMœvskwUi je = x
 x = p + q (Ans.) [Dfq cÿ‡K − 1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] Ges fMœvskwUi ni = x + 1
p q p+q x
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, +
1g ivwk 2q ivwk =
3q ivwk  fMœvskwU =
x+1
p q p+q x−1 2
ev, p − x + q − x = p + q − x cÖkœg‡Z, x + 1 − 1 = 3
p q p q x−1 2
ev, p − x + q − x = p + q − x + p + q − x ev, x = 3
p p q q ev, 3x − 3 = 2x
ev, p − x − p + q − x = p + q − x − q − x
ev, 3x − 2x = 3  x = 3
p (p + q − x) − p (p − x) q (q − x) − q (p + q − x) x 3 3
ev, (p − x)(p − q − x) = (p + q − x) (q − x)  fMœvskwU, =
x+1 3+1 4
= (Ans)
œ 11  `yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 9 A¼
cÖk- Zvn‡j †gvU gybvdv KZ n‡Zv? 4
`yBwU ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv cÖ`Ë msL¨v n‡Z  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
45 Kg|
K. g‡b Kwi, 5% nv‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY = x UvKv
K. GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, msL¨vwU x Gi gva¨‡g Zvn‡j, 4% nv‡i wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY = (5600 − x) UvKv
cÖKvk Ki| 2 5 4
L. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb K‡i msL¨vwUi kZ©g‡Z, x Gi 100 + (5600 − x) Gi 100 = 256
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 5x 4(5600 − x)
M. ÔKÕ †Z cÖvß msL¨vwUi mv‡_ Zvi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó ev, 100 + 100
= 256 (Ans.)
†hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 72 nq, msL¨vwUi A¼Ø‡qi 5x 4(5600 − x)
¯’vb wewbg‡q cÖvß msL¨vwU KZ? 4 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, 100 + 100
= 256
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, 5x + 22400 − 4x = 25600
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x ev, x = 25600 − 22400  x = 3200
 `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = 9 − x  wZwb 3200 UvKvi Dci 5% jvf Ki‡jb|
 msL¨vwU = 10 (9 − x) + x = 90 − 10x + x = 90 − 9x (Ans)  wZwb 4% jvf Ki‡jb (5600 − 3200) UvKv
ev, 2400 UvKvi Dci (Ans)
L. Abykxjbx 5.1 Gi 22 bs mgvavb †`L|
M. Avevi, cÖkœg‡Z, 90 − 9x + 9 = 72 M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB,
ev, 99 − 9x = 72 5% jvf K‡ib 3200 UvKvi Dci
ev, − 9x = 72 − 99 Ges 4% jvf K‡ib 2400 UvKvi Dci|
ev, − 9x = − 27 gybvdv hw` 5% Gi cwie‡Z© 10% nq Z‡e
x=3 10
 A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbg‡q cÖvß msL¨vwU = 9x + 9 ( )
A_©vr 3200 UvKvi 10% gybvdv = 3200  100 UvKv ev 320 UvKv
= 93 + 9 4
= 27 + 9 = 36 (Ans.) ( )
Ges 2400 UvKvi 4% gybvdv = 2400  100 UvKv ev 96 UvKv
œ 12  `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK
cÖk-  †gvU gybvdv = (320 + 96) UvKv ev 416 UvKv (Ans)
¯’vbxq A‡¼i wØ¸Y|
cÖk-œ 14  GKwU j‡Â hvÎx msL¨v 47; gv_vwcQy †Kwe‡bi fvov
K. GK PjK eënvi K‡i msL¨vwU †jL| 2 †W‡Ki fvovi wØ¸Y| †W‡Ki fvov gv_vwcQy 30 UvKv| †gvU fvov
L. †`LvI †h, msL¨vwU A¼Ø‡qi mgwó mvZ ¸Y| 4
cÖvwß 1680 UvKv|
M. A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv
cÖ`Ë msL¨v n‡Z 18 Kg n‡j msL¨vwU wbY©q Ki| 4 K. †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v x n‡j, †gvU fvov x Gi
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. kZ©vbyhvqx mgxKiY MVb K‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K. g‡b Kwi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x M. †gvU fvov 1860 UvKv n‡j †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v
 `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = 2x KZRb †ewk n‡e? 4
 msL¨vwU = 10 . 2x + x = 20x + x = 21x
 x PjK eënvi K‡i msL¨vwU 21x (Ans)  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. Abykxjbx 5.1 Gi 23bs mgvavb †`L| K. †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v = x Rb n‡j
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x †W‡Ki hvÎx msL¨v = (47 − x) Rb
`kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = 2x GLb, †W‡Ki gv_vwcQy fvov 30 UvKv n‡j †W‡Ki †gvU fvov
msL¨vwU = 21x = 30 . (47 − x) UvKv
msL¨vwU ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j nq = 10 . x + 2x = 12x Avevi, †Kwe‡bi gv_vwcQy fvov (30  2) UvKv ev 60 UvKv n‡j
cÖkœg‡Z, 21x − 18 = 12x wm‡Ui †gvU fvov = 60 x UvKv
ev, 21x − 12x = 18
 me©‡gvU fvov = 60x + 30(47 − x) (Ans)
ev, 9x = 18
18
L. Abykxjbx 5.1 Gi 25 bs mgvavb †`L|
x= =2 M. cÖkœg‡Z, 60x + 30 (47 − x) = 1860
9
 msL¨vwU = 21 . 2 = 42 (Ans.) ev, 60x + 1410 = 1860
ev, 30x = 1860 − 1410
œ 13  GKRb ¶z`ª eëmvqx 5600 UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i GK eQi
cÖk- ev, 30x = 450
ci wKQz UvKvi Dci 5% Ges Aewkó UvKvi Dci 4% jvf 450
Ki‡jb| eQi †k‡l wZwb 256 UvKv gybvdv †c‡jb| ev, x = 30  x = 15
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K GKwU mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v 15 Rb|
cÖKvk Ki| 2 †Kwe‡bi hvÎx msL¨v †ewk n‡e (15 − 9) Rb ev 6 Rb| (Ans.)
L. wZwb KZ UvKvi Dci 5% Ges KZ UvKvi Dci 4% cÖk-œ 15  120 wU cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªv I `k cqmvi gy`ªv GK‡Î 27 UvKv|
jvf Ki‡jb? 4
M. wZwb hw` 5% gybvdvi cwie‡Z© 10% gybvdv †c‡Zb
K. `k cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v x n‡j cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi K. †gvU wkÿv_©xi msL¨v hw` x nq Z‡e 4 Rb K‡i wkÿv_©x em‡j
msL¨v KZ Ges me©‡gvU gy`ªvi gvb x Gi gva¨‡g x
†eÂ jv‡M 4 wU|
cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki Ges 3 Rb K‡i em‡j 6 Rb wkÿv_©x‡K ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z nq|
†Kvb cÖKv‡ii gy`ªvi msL¨v KZ wbY©q Ki| 4  em‡Z cv‡i (x − 6) Rb| (Ans)
M. GK UzKiv KvM‡Ri †ÿÎdj `k cqmvi gy`ªvi L. Abykxjbx 5.1 Gi D`vniY 6 bs mgvavb †`L|
msL¨vgv‡bi mgvb| Zv †_‡K x †m.wg `xN© Ges 2 M. †gvU wkÿv_©xi msL¨v 60 Rb [ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB]
g‡b Kwi, QvÎ msL¨v y Rb
†m.wg cÖ¯’ wewkó AvqZvKvi KvMR †K‡U †bIqv
 QvÎx msL¨v (60 − y) Rb
n‡jv| x Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb †ei Ki| 4 cÖkœg‡Z, 2y − 20 = 2(60 − y)
 15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, 2y − 20 = 120 − 2y
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, `k cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v = x wU ev, 2y + 2y = 120 + 20
 cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªv msL¨v = (120 − x) wU ev, 4y = 140  y = 35
 QvÎ msL¨v 35 Rb
 me©‡gvU gy`ªv gvb = 10x + 25 (120 − x) cqmv
Ges QvÎx msL¨v (60 − 35) Rb ev, 25 Rb (Ans)
= 3000 − 15x cqmv
3000 − 15x œ 17  GKwU e¨w³ Mvwo †hv‡M NÈvq 60 wK.wg. †e‡M wKQz`~i
cÖk-
=
100
UvKv [ 100 cqmv = 1 UvKv] AwZµg K‡i NÈvq 40 wK.wg. †e‡M Aewkó c_ AwZµg K‡i 5
cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v (120 − x) wU Ges †gvU gy`ªvi gvb NÈvq †gvU 240 wK.wg. Mgb K‡ib|
3000 − 15x UvKv| (Ans) K. †gvU mgq x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
 100  L. kZ©vbymv‡i mgxKiY MVb K‡i 60 wK.wg. †e‡M
300 − 15x
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi gvb =  100  UvKv KZ`~i wM‡qwQ‡jb Zv wbY©q Ki| 4
3000 − 15x
M. 60 wK.wg. †e‡M MvwowU Pj‡j cÖwZ wK‡jvwgUv‡i
cÖkgœ ‡Z, 100
= 27 R¡vjvbx LiP hZ UvKv nq, 40 wK.wg. †e‡M Pj‡j
ev, 3000 − 15x = 2700 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] R¡vjvbx LiP 5 UvKv †ewk nq| †gvU R¡vjvbx LiP
ev, − 15x = 2700 − 3000 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] 3000 UvKv n‡j, 60 wK.wg. †e‡M AwZµvšÍ c‡_
ev, − 15x = − 300 R¡vjvbx LiP KZ n‡e? 4
− 300
ev, x = − 15
K. g‡b Kwi, NÈvq 60 wK.wg. †e‡M hvq x wK.wg.
ev, x = 20
 `k cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v = 20 wU
 NÈvq 40 wK.wg. †e‡M hvq = (240 − x) wK.wg.
Zvn‡j, cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v n‡e = 120 − xwU GLb, NÈvq 60 wK.wg. †e‡M x wK.wg. †h‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq
x
= 120 − 20wU = 100 wU = 60 NÈv Ges NÈvq 40 wK.wg. †e‡M (240 − x) wK.wg.
 `k cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v 20 wU Ges cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi 240 − x
msL¨v 100wU (Ans) †h‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq = 40 NÈv
x 240 − x
M. cÖkœg‡Z, KvM‡Ri UzKivi †ÿÎdj = 20 eM© †m.wg  †gvU mgq = 60 + 40  NÈv (Ans)
AvqZvKvi KvM‡Ri †ÿÎdj = x  2 eM© †m.wg
x 240 − x
= 2x e †m.wg L. kZ©vbymv‡i, 60 + 40 = 5
cÖkœg‡Z, 2x < 20 2x + 3(240 − x)
2x 20 ev, 120
=5
ev, 2 < 2 [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
2x + 720 − 3x
 x < 10 ev, 120
=5
 AvqZvKvi KvM‡Ri UzKivwUi cÖ¯’ 2 †m.wg ev, 720 − x = 600 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ZvB x Gi gvb 2 †m.wg †_‡K †ewk| ev, − x = 600 − 720  x = 120
 x Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb 2 <x <10 (Ans) myZivs 60 wK.wg. †e‡M 120 wK.wg. c_ AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb| (Ans)
œ 16  GKwU †kªwYi cÖwZ‡e‡Â 4 Rb wkÿv_©x emv‡j 3wU †eÂ M. †h‡nZz 60 wK.wg. †e‡M 120 wK.wg. c_ AwZµg K‡ib
cÖk-
Lvwj _v‡K| Avevi, cÖwZ‡e‡Â 3 Rb K‡i wkÿv_©x emv‡j 6 Rb myZivs 40 wK.wg. †e‡M AwZµg K‡i (240 − 120) wK.wg.
wkÿv_©x‡K ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z nq| = 120 wK.wg.
K. wkÿv_©xi msL¨v x a‡i, 4 Rb K‡i em‡j KqwU †eÂ
jv‡M Ges 3 Rb K‡i em‡j KZRb em‡Z cv‡i Zv
x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. H †kªwY‡Z †gvU KZwU †eÂ Av‡Q? 4
M. H †kªwY‡Z QvÎx msL¨vi wØ¸Y hw` QvÎ msL¨vi wØ¸Y
A‡cÿv 20 Kg nq, QvÎ I QvÎxi msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4
g‡b Kwi, 60 wK.wg. †e‡M Pj‡j cÖwZ wK‡jvwgUv‡i R¡vjvwb LiP y UvKv ev, 240y = 2400  y = 10
 40 wK.wg. †e‡M Pj‡j cÖwZ wK‡jvwgUv‡i R¡vjvwb LiP (y + 5) UvKv  60 wK.wg.†e‡M AwZµvšÍ c‡_ R¡vjvwb LiP = 120y UvKv
 kZ©g‡Z, 120y + 120 (y + 5) = 3000 = 120  10 UvKv
ev, 120y + 120y + 600 = 3000 = 1200 UvKv (Ans.)

œ 18  120wU cuwPk cqmv I `k cqmvi gy`ªv GK‡Î 24 UvKv
cÖk- ev,
15x + 1200
= 24
100
n‡j−
ev, 15x = 2400 − 1200
K. GKwU PjK eënvi K‡i cuwPk cqmv I `k cqmvi ev, 15x = 1200
gy`ªvi msL¨v †jL| 2 1200
L. †Kvb gy`ªvi msL¨v KZ? 4 ev, x = 15  x = 80
M. cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi gy`ªvi msL¨v h_vµ‡g †Kv‡bv  cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v 80wU
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ n‡j H AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi Ges `k cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v (120 − 80)wU
ev 40wU (Ans.)
K‡Y©i ˆ`‡N©ï mgvb ˆ`N©¨ wewkó e‡M©i †ÿÎdj KZ? 4 M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨, a = 80 GKK
K. g‡b Kwi, cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v = xwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’, b = 40 GKK
 `k cqmvi gy`ªvi msL¨v = (120 − x)wU Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© = a2 + b2 GKK
L. g‡b Kwi,  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© = (80)2 + (40)2 GKK
cuwPk cqmvi gy`ªv = xwU = 6400 + 1600 GKK
Ges `k cqmvi gy`ªv = 120 − xwU = 8000 GKK
( 25 ) {100
cÖkœg‡Z, 100  x +
10
. (120 − x)} = 24 †h‡nZzi e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i mgvb ZvB e‡M©i
GK evû = 8000 GKK|
25x 1200 − 10x
ev, 100 + 100
= 24  e‡M©i †ÿÎdj = ( 8000)2 eM© GKK
25x + 1200 − 10x = 8000 eM© GKK (Ans.)
ev, 100
= 24

m n m+n
œ 19  m − x + n − x = m + n − x GKwU GK PjKwewkó mgxKiY|
cÖk- œ 21  GK e¨w³ 6500 UvKv n‡Z wKQz UvKv 3% mij gybvdvq
cÖk-
Ges Aewkó UvKv 4% mij gybvdvq wewb‡qvM K‡i eQi †k‡l 230
K. Wvbc‡ÿi fMœvskwU‡K `yBwU fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki| 2
UvKv gybvdv †c‡jb|
L. mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki A_©vr x Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
M. mgvavbwUi ïw× cixÿv Ki| K. 3% nvi gybvdvq x UvKv wewb‡qvM Ki‡j, 4% nv‡i
4
m n m+n wewb‡qvMK…Z UvKvi 1 eQ‡ii gybvdv KZ? 2
DËi : K. m + n − x + m + n − x; L. 2
L. mgxKiY MVb K‡i 4% nvi gybvdvq wZwb KZ UvKv wewb‡qvM
7 K‡i‡Qb Zv wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 20  6 GKwU AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
cÖk-
K. fMœvskwUi n‡ii mv‡_ x †hvM Ki‡j Ges je †_‡K x we‡qvM M. wZwb H cwigvY UvKv h_vµ‡g 3% I 4% Pµe„w× gybvdvq
4 wewb‡qvM Ki‡j 2 eQi ci Zvi gybvdv-g~jab KZ n‡e? 4
Ki‡j Zv 9 nq Zv exRMvwYwZK mgxKi‡Y †`LvI| 2 6500 − x
L. ÔKÕ †Z cÖvß mgxKiY †_‡K x Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 DËi : K. 25 UvKv;
M. 49 Gi mv‡_ KZ †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj cÖ`Ë fMœvs‡ki mgvb n‡e? 4 L. 3500 UvKv;
7−x 4 13
M. 69683 UvKv|
DËi : K. 6 + x = 9 ; L. 3; M.18;
A b yk xj b x 5 .2

 GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY
†h mgxKi‡Y Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ 2, Zv‡K wØNvZ mgxKiY e‡j|
†hgb, ax2 + bx + c = 0 [†hLv‡b, a, b, c aªæeK Ges a  0] GKwU GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY| wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ GKwU
wØgvwÎK eûc`x| mgxKi‡Yi Wvbcÿ k~b¨ aiv nq|
Aóg †kªwY‡Z x2 + px + q Ges ax2 + bx + c AvKv‡ii GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡kølY K‡iwQ| GLv‡b Avgiv x2 +
px + q = 0 Ges ax2 + bx + c = 0 AvKv‡ii wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY K‡i Pj‡Ki gvb wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g Giƒc
mgxKiY mgvavb Ki‡ev|
Drcv`‡K we‡kølY c×wZ‡Z ev¯Íe msL¨vi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ag© cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| ag©wU wbgœiƒc :
hw` `yBwU ivwki ¸Ydj k~b¨ nq, Z‡e ivwkØ‡qi †h‡Kv‡bvwU A_ev Dfq ivwk k~b¨ n‡e| A_©vr, `yBwU ivwk a I b Gi ¸Ydj ab = 0
n‡j, a = 0 ev, b = 0, A_ev a = 0 Ges b = 0 n‡e|
 wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi eënvi
Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi A‡bK mgm¨v mij mgxKiY I wØNvZ mgxKi‡Y iƒcvšÍi K‡i mn‡R mgvavb Kiv hvq|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ x †K PjK a‡i a2x + b = 0 mgxKiYwUi NvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K. i I ii  ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
K. 3 L. 2 1 N. 0 cÖkœ \ 7 \ x2 − (a + b) x + ab = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi
e¨vL¨v : a2x + b = 0 mgxKi‡Yi PjK x, Gi m‡e©v”P NvZ 1 †KvbwU?
myZivs cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwUi NvZ 1
 {a, b} L. {a, −b} M. { − a, b} N. { − a, − b}
cÖkœ \ 2 \ wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡f`? e¨vL¨v : x2 − (a + b) x + ab = 0
K. (x + 1)2 + (x − 1)2 = 4x ev, x2 − ax − bx + ab = 0
 (x + 1)2 + (x − 1)2 = 2(x2 + 1) ev, x(x − a) − b(x − a) = 0
M. (a + b)2 − (a − b)2 = 2ab ev, (x − a)(x − b) = 0  x = a, b
N. (a − b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2  mgvavb †mU S = {a, b}
e¨vL¨v : evgcÿ = (x + 1)2 + (x − 1)2
= x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 − 2x + 1
cÖkœ \ 8 \ `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK
= 2x2 + 2 ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wØ¸Y| GB Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi
= 2(x2 + 1)
DËi `vI|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ (x − 4)2 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j KqwU?
(1) GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j, msL¨vwU KZ?
K. 1wU  2wU M. 3wU N. 4wU
e¨vL¨v : (x − 4)2 = 0 K. 2x L. 3x M. 12x  21x
ev, (x − 4)(x − 4) = 0 e¨vL¨v : †Ìqv Av‡Q, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x
x = 4, 4  `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ 2x
myZivs cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi g~j 2wU
 msL¨vwU = x + 10 . 2x = 21x
cÖkœ \ 4 \ x2 − x − 12 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K. 3, 4 L. 3, − 4 (2) A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨vwU KZ n‡e?
 − 3, 4 N. − 3, − 4 K. 3x L. 4x  12x N. 21x
e¨vL¨v : x2 − x − 12 = 0 e¨vL¨v : A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨vwU = 10x + 2x = 12x
ev, x2 − 4x + 3x − 12 = 0 (3) x = 2 n‡j, g~j msL¨vi mv‡_ ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z msL¨vi
ev, x(x − 4) + 3(x − 4) = 0
ev, (x − 4)(x + 3) = 0 cv_©K¨ KZ?
 x = 4, −3  18 L. 20 M. 34 N. 36
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 3x2 − x + 5 = 0 mgxKi‡Y x Gi mnM KZ? e¨vL¨v : (1) n‡Z cvB,
K. 3 L. 2 M. 1  −1 msL¨vwU 21x = 212 = 42
e¨vL¨v : 3x2 − x + 5 = 0 (2) bs n‡Z cvB, msL¨vwU = 12x = 122 = 24
 3x2 + (−1) x + 5 = 0 GLv‡b, x Gi mnM − 1 msL¨v `yBwUi cv_©K¨, 42 − 24 = 18
cÖkœ \ 6 \ wb‡Pi mgxKiY¸‡jv jÿ Ki :  mgvavb Ki (9 Ñ 18) :
i. 2x + 3 = 9
x cÖkœ \ 9 \ (x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
ii. − 2 = − 1
2 mgvavb : (x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
iii. 2x + 1 = 5
nq, (x + 2) = 0 A_ev, x − 3 = 0
Dc‡ii †Kvb mgxKiY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgZzj?
 x = −2 x= 3 ev, 20z(z – 1) + 3(z – 1) = 0
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = −2 A_ev 3 ev, (z – 1) (20z + 3) = 0
nq, z – 1 = 0 A_ev, 20z + 3 = 0
cÖkœ \ 10 \ ( 2x + 3) ( 3x − 2) = 0 z=1 ev, 20z = – 3
mgvavb : ( 2x + 3) ( 3x − 2) = 0 –3
z=
nq, 2x + 3 = 0 A_ev, 3x − 2 = 0 20
3
ev, 2x = − 3 ev, 3x = 2 wb‡Y©q mgvavb : z = 1 A_ev − 20
−3 2 cÖkœ \ 15 \ (z − 10) (z + 10) = 21
ev, x = ev, x =
2 3 mgvavb : (z − 10) (z + 10) = 21
−3 2 2 3 ev, z2 − (10)2 = 21 [ a2 − b2 = (a + b) (a − b)]
ev, x = ev, x =
2 2 3. 3 ev, z − 100 = 21
2
−3 2 2 3 ev, z2 = 21 + 100
 x= x=
2 3 ev, z2 = 121
−3 2 2 3 ev, z =  121  z =  11
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 2 A_ev 3
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : z =  11
cÖkœ \ 11 \ y(y − 5) = 6 x−2 6(x − 2)
mgvavb : y(y − 5) = 6 cÖkœ \ 16 \ x + 2 + x − 6 = 1
ev, y2 − 5y = 6 x−2 6(x − 2)
ev, y2 − 5y − 6 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] mgvavb : x + 2 + x − 6 = 1
ev, y2 − 6y + y − 6 = 0 6(x − 2) x−2
ev, y(y − 6) + 1(y − 6) = 0 ev, x−6
=1−
x+2
ev, (y − 6) (y + 1) = 0 6(x − 2) x + 2 − x + 2
ev, x − 6 =
nq, y − 6 = 0 A_ev, y + 1 = 0 x+2
 y=6  y = −1 6(x − 2) 4
ev, x − 6 = x + 2
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : y = 6 A_ev, −1
cÖkœ \ 12 \ (y + 5)(y − 5) = 24 ev, 6(x + 2)(x − 2) = 4(x − 6) [Avo ¸Yb K‡i]
mgvavb : (y + 5)(y − 5) = 24 ev, 6(x2 − 4) = 4(x − 6)
ev, 6x2 − 24 = 4x − 24
ev, y2 − 52 = 24
ev, y2 − 25 = 24 ev, 6x2 − 24 − 4x + 24 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, y2 = 24 + 25 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] ev, 6x2 − 4x = 0
ev, 3x2 − 2x = 0 [ 2 Øviv fvM K‡i ]
ev, y =  49  y =  7 ev, x(3x − 2) = 0
wb‡Y©q mgvavb y =  7 nq, x = 0 A_ev, 3x − 2 = 0
cÖkœ \ 13 \ 2(z2 − 9) + 9z = 0 ev, 3x = 2
mgvavb : 2(z2 – 9) + 9z = 0 2
x=
ev, 2z2 – 18 + 9z = 0 3
ev, 2z2 + 9z – 18 = 0 wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 0 A_ev, 3
2
ev, 2z2 + 12z – 3z – 18 = 0
x a x b
ev, 2z (z + 6) – 3(z + 6) = 0 cÖkœ \ 17 \ a + x = b + x
ev, (z + 6) (2z – 3) = 0 x a x b
nq, z + 6 = 0 A_ev, 2z – 3 = 0 mgvavb : a + x = b + x
3 x x b a
 z=–6 ev, 2z = 3  z = 2 ev, a – b = x – x [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
3 x(b −a) b − a
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : z = − 6 A_ev, 2 ev, ab = x
3 4
cÖkœ \ 14 \ 2z + 1 + 5z – 1 = 2 ev, x2 (b −a) = ab (b − a) [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ab(b − a)
3 4 ev, x2 = (b − a)
mgvavb : 2z + 1 + 5z – 1 = 2
ev, x2 = ab
15z – 3 + 8z + 4
ev, (2z + 1) (5z – 1) = 2  x =  ab [eM©g~j K‡i]
23z + 1 wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x =  ab
ev, =2
x–a x–b a b
10z2 + 5z – 2z – 1 cÖkœ \ 18 \ x – b + x – a = b + a
ev, 20z2 + 10z – 4z – 2 = 23z + 1
x–a x–b a b
ev, 20z2 + 6z – 23z – 2 – 1 = 0 mgvavb : x – b + x – a = b + a
ev, 20z2 – 17z – 3 = 0 x–a a x–b b
ev, 20z2 – 20z + 3z – 3 = 0
ev, x – b – b + x – a – a = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
bx – ab – ax + ab ax – ab – bx + ab 17x + 11
ev, b (x – b)
+
a (x – a)
=0 ev, =3
2x2 + 3x + 1
bx – ax ax – bx
ev, b(x – b) + a (x – a) = 0 ev, 6x2 + 9x + 3 = 17x + 11
x (b – a) x (a – b) ev, 6x2 + 9x – 17x + 3 – 11 = 0
ev, b (x – b) + a (x – a) = 0 ev, 6x2 – 8x – 8 = 0
b–a a–b ev, 6x2 – 12x + 4x – 8 = 0
{
ev, x b (x – b) + a (x – a) = 0} ev, 6x (x – 2) + 4 (x – 2) = 0
b–a a–b ev, (x – 2) (6x + 4) = 0
nq, x = 0 A_ev, b (x – b) + a (x – a) = 0
a–b a–b
nq, x – 2 = 0 A_ev, 6x + 4 = 0
ev, – b (x – b) + a (x – a) = 0 x=2 ev, 6x = – 4
a–b a–b –4 –2
ev, a (x – a) = b (x – b) x= 6 = 3
ev, a(x – a) = b(x – ba) 2
ev, ax – a2 = bx – b2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU S = – 3‚ 2{ }
ev, ax – bx = a2 – b2 cÖkœ
1 1 1
\ 21 \ x + a + b = x + a + b
1
ev, x (a – b) = (a + b) (a – b) 1 1 1 1
(a + b) (a – b) mgvavb : x + a + b = x + a + b
ev, x = (a – b)
1 1 1 1
x=a+b ev, x + a + b = x + a + b
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 0 A_ev, a + b 1 1 1 1
ev, x + a + b − x = a + b [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
 mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki (19 − 25) : x−x−a−b 1 1
3 4 ev, x(x + a + b) = a + b
cÖkœ \ 19 \ x + x + 1 = 2
−(a + b) a+b
3 4 ev, x(x + a + b) = ab
mgvavb : x + x + 1 = 2
−1 1
3(x + 1) + 4x
ev, x (x + 1) = 2 ev, x(x + a + b) = ab
3x + 3 + 4x [Dfqcÿ‡K (a + b) w`‡q fvM K‡i]
ev, x (x + 1) = 2 ev, x(x + a + b) = −ab [Avo ¸Yb K‡i]
7x + 3 ev, x2 + ax + bx + ab = 0
ev, x2 + x = 2 ev, x(x + a) + b(x + a) = 0
ev, 2x2 + 2x = 7x + 3 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] ev, (x + a) (x + b) = 0
2
ev, 2x + 2x – 7x – 3 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] nq, x + a = 0 A_ev, x + b = 0
2
ev, 2x – 5x – 3 = 0  x=–a ev, x = – b
2
ev, 2x – 6x + x – 3 = 0 wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { – a, – b }
ev, 2x (x – 3) + 1 (x – 3) = 0 ax + b cx + d
ev, (x – 3) (2x + 1) = 0 cÖkœ \ 22 \ a + bx = c + dx
nq, x – 3 = 0 A_ev, 2x + 1 = 0 ax + b cx + d
 x=3 ev, 2x = – 1 mgvavb : a + bx = c + dx
1 ev, (ax + b) (c + dx) = (a + bx) (cx + d) [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
x=–2 ev, acx + bc + adx2 + bdx = acx + bcx2 + ad + bdx
ev, acx + adx2 + bdx – acx – bcx2 – bdx = ad – bc
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {3‚ – 12} [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
x+7 2x + 6
cÖkœ \ 20 \ x + 1 + 2x + 1 = 5 ev, adx – bcx = ad – bc
2 2
ev, x2 (ad – bc) = ad – bc

x+7 2x + 6
mgvavb : x + 1 + 2x + 1 = 5 (ad – bc)
ev, x2 = (ad – bc)
x + 1 + 6 2x + 1 + 5
ev, x +1 + 2x +1 = 5 ev, x2 = 1
6 5  x=± 1 =±1
ev, 1 + x + 1 + 1 + 2x + 1 = 5 wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { 1, −1}
[je‡K ¯^-¯^ ni Øviv fvM K‡i] 1
6 5
cÖkœ \ 23 \ x + x = 2
ev, x + 1 + 2x + 1 = 5 – 1 – 1 1
mgvavb : x + x = 2
12x + 6 + 5x + 5
ev, (x + 1) (2x + 1) = 3 x2 + 1
ev, x
=2
ev, x2 + 1 = 2x [Avo¸Yb K‡i]  x=7 x=8
ev, x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] GLb, x = 7 n‡j, msL¨vwU (150 − 9x) = (150 − 9  7)
ev, (x − 1)2 = 0 = 150 − 63 = 87
ev, x − 1 = 0  x = 1  x = 8 n‡j, msL¨vwU (150 − 9x) = (150 − 9  8)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = { 1 } = 150 − 72 = 78
wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU 78 A_ev 87
cÖkœ \ 24 \ 2x2 – 4ax = 0
mgvavb : 2x2 – 4ax = 0 cÖkœ \ 27 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi N‡ii †g‡Si †ÿÎdj 192 eM©wgUvi|
ev, 2x (x – 2a) = 0 †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi Kgv‡j I cÖ¯’ 4 wgUvi evov‡j †ÿÎdj
nq, 2x = 0 A_ev, x – 2a = 0 AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki|
x=0  x = 2a mgvavb : awi, K¶wUi ˆ`N©¨ = x wgUvi
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {0, 2a} 192
 K¶wUi cÖ¯’ = x wgUvi [ ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’ = †¶Îdj]
(x + 1) – (x – 1)
3 3
cÖkœ \ 25 \ (x + 1)2 – (x – 1)2 = 2
mgvavb :
cÖkœg‡Z, (x – 4) (192x + 4) = 192
768
(x + 1)3 – (x – 1)3 ev, 192 + 4x – x – 16 = 192
=2
(x + 1)2 – (x – 1)2 768
a3 – b3 ev, 192 + 4x – x – 16 – 192 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, a2 – b2 = 2 [x + 1 = a Ges x – 1 = b a‡i]
768
(a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) ev, 4x – x – 16 = 0
ev, (a + b)(a – b) =2
2 2 ev, 4x2 – 768 – 16x = 0 [Dfqc¶‡K x w`‡q ¸Y K‡i]
a + ab + b
ev, a+b
=2 ev, x2 – 192 – 4x = 0 [Dfqc¶‡K 4 w`‡q fvM K‡i]
ev, a2 + ab + b2 = 2a + 2b [Avo¸Yb K‡i] ev, x2 – 4x – 192 = 0
ev, (x + 1)2 + (x + 1) (x – 1) + (x – 1)2 ev, x2 – 16x + 12x – 192 = 0
= 2 (x + 1) + 2 (x – 1) [a I b Gi gvb ewm‡q] ev, x(x – 16) + 12(x – 16) = 0
ev, x + 2x + 1 + x2 – 1 + x2 – 2x + 1 = 2x + 2 + 2x – 2
2 ev, (x – 16) (x + 12) = 0
ev, x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 – 1 + x2 – 2x + 1 – 2x – 2 – 2x + 2 = 0 nq, x – 16 = 0 A_ev, x + 12 = 0
ev, 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0  x = 16  x = – 12
ev, 3x2 – 3x – x + 1 = 0 †h‡nZz, ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, myZivs ˆ`N©¨ = 16 wgUvi|
ev, 3x (x – 1) – 1(x – 1) = 0 192 192
 cÖ¯’ x wgUvi = 16 wgUvi = 12 wgUvi
ev, (x – 1) (3x – 1) = 0
nq, 3x – 1 = 0 A_ev, x – 1 = 0  K¶wUi †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ 16 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 12 wgUvi| (Ans.)
 3x = 1  x=1 cÖkœ \ 28 \ GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri AwZfy‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ 15 †m.wg. I
1 Aci evûØ‡qi ˆ`‡N©ï AšÍi 3 †m.wg.| H evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q
x=3
1
Ki|
{ }
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = 3 ‚ 1 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, wÎfyRwUi ¶z`ªZg evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg.
 mgxKiY MVb K‡i mgvavb Ki (26 − 31) : Ges Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ (x + 3) †m.wg.
cÖkœ \ 26 \ `yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 15 Ges wÎfzRwU mg‡KvYx nIqvq wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,
G‡ì ¸Ydj 56; msL¨vwU wbY©q Ki| 2
x2 + (x + 3) = 15
2
mgvavb : ev, x2 + x2 + 6x + 9 = 225

g‡b Kwi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼wU x ev, 2x2 + 6x + 9 − 225 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
Ges `kK ¯’vbxq A¼wU = 15 − x ev, 2x + 6x − 216 = 0
2
 msL¨vwU = 10  (15 − x) + x ev, x2 + 3x − 108 = 0 [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i]

= 150 − 10x + x = 150 − 9x
ev, x + 12x − 9x − 108 = 0
2
cÖkœvbymv‡i, x(15 − x) = 56
ev, 15x − x2 = 56 ev, x(x + 12) − 9(x + 12) =0
ev, 15x − x2 − 56 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] ev, (x + 12) (x − 9) = 0
ev, − (x − 15x + 56) = 0
2 nq, x + 12 = 0 A_ev, x −9 = 0
ev, x − 15x + 56 = 0 [Dfq cÿ‡K −1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
2  x = −12  x=9
ev, x2 − 7x − 8x + 56 = 0 †h‡nZz ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB wÎfyRwUi ¶z`ªZg evûi
ev, x(x − 7) − 8(x − 7) = 0 ˆ`N©¨ 9 †m.wg.
ev, (x − 7)(x − 8) = 0  Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (9 + 3) †mwg = 12 †mwg
nq, x − 7 = 0 A_ev, x − 8 = 0 wb‡Y©q wÎfyRwUi evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 9 †mwg Ges 12 †mwg
cÖkœ \ 29 \ GKwU wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg Zvi D”PZvi wØ¸Y A‡cÿv 6 †m.wg. ev, x2 + 30x – 7000 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
†ewk| wÎfyR †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 810 eM© †m.wg. n‡j, Gi D”PZv ev, x2 + 100x – 70x – 7000 = 0
KZ? ev, x(x + 100) – 70(x + 100) = 0
mgvavb : awi, wÎfyRwUi D”PZv = x wgUvi ev, (x + 100) (x – 70) = 0
Zvn‡j wÎfyR f‚wg = (2x + 6) wgUvi nq, x + 100 = 0 A_ev, x – 70 = 0
 x = – 100  x = 70
†h‡nZz, QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv ZvB, QvÎ-
x
QvÎxi msL¨v n‡e 70 Rb|
H †kªwYi QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì msL¨v 70 Rb| (Ans.)
2x + 6 cÖkœ \ 32 \ `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 7;
1 A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv cÖ`Ë msL¨v
cÖkœg‡Z,. (2x + 6)  x = 810
2 †_‡K 9 †ewk|
[ wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj =  f‚wg  D”PZv] K. PjK x Gi gva¨‡g cÖ`Ë msL¨vwU I ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z msL¨vwU †jL|
1
2 L. msL¨vwU wbY©q Ki|
ev, (x + 3)x = 810 M. cÖ`Ë msL¨vwUi A¼Øq hw` †mw›UwgUv‡i †Kv‡bv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi
ev, x2 + 3x – 810 = 0 ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e H AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨
ev, x2 + 30x – 27x – 810 = 0 wbY©q Ki| KY©wU‡K †Kv‡bv e‡M©i evû a‡i eM©‡ÿÎwUi K‡Y©i
ev, x(x + 30) – 27(x + 30) = 0 ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
ev, (x + 30) (x – 27) = 0 mgvavb :
nq, x + 30 = 0 A_ev, x – 27 = 0 K. g‡b Kwi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x
 x = – 30  x = 27  `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = 7 − x
†h‡nZz D”PZv FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvB wÎfzRvK…wZ †¶‡Îi
 msL¨vwU = 10(7 − x) + x
D”PZv 27 †m.wg.| = 70 − 10x + x = 70 − 9x (Ans.)
wb‡Y©q wÎfzRwUi D”PZv 27 †m. wg.| (Ans.) A¼ `yBwU ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨vwU nq|
cÖkœ \ 30 \ GKwU †kªwY‡Z hZRb QvÎ-QvÎx c‡o, cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zvi = 10x + (7 − x) = 10x + 7 − x = 9x + 7 (Ans.)
mncvVxi msL¨vi mgvb UvKv Puv`v †Ìqvq †gvU 420 UvKv Puv`v L. cÖkœvbymv‡i, 9x + 7 = 70 − 9x + 9
DVj| H †kªwYi QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v KZ Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K KZ UvKv K‡i ev, 9x + 9x = 70 + 9 − 7 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
Puv`v w`j? ev, 18x = 72
mgvavb : 72
ev, x = 18  x = 4
g‡b Kwi, H †kªwY‡Z QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v x Rb
 cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_x©i mncvVxi msL¨v (x−1) Rb  msL¨vwU = 70 − 9  4 = 70 − 36 = 34 (Ans.)
M. cÖkœvbymv‡i, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 †m.wg.
myZivs cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Puv`vi cwigvY (x − 1) UvKv
Ges AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = (7 − 4) †m.wg. ev 3 †m.wg.
cÖkœvbymv‡i, x(x − 1) = 420 A D
ev, x2 − x = 420
ev, x2 − x − 420 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] 3 †m. wg.
ev, x2 − 21x + 20x − 420 = 0
ev, x(x − 21) + 20(x − 21) = 0
ev, (x − 21)(x + 20) = 0 B 4 †m. wg. C
nq, x − 21 = 0 Avevi, x + 20 = 0
wPÎvbymv‡i AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ AC = AB2 + BC2
 x = 21  x = −20
= 32 + 42
†h‡nZz, QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv ZvB, QvÎ- = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
QvÎxi msL¨v 21 Rb|
 K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ AC = 5 †m.wg.
Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Puv`vi cwigvY (21−1) UvKv ev 20 UvKv K‡i| (Ans.)
Avevi, K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ e‡M©i evû n‡j,
cÖkœ \ 31 \ GKwU †kªwY‡Z hZRb QvÎ-QvÎx c‡o, cÖ‡Z¨‡K ZZ K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = e‡M©i evû = 5 †m.wg.
cqmvi †P‡q AviI 30 cqmv †ewk K‡i Puv`v †Ìqv‡Z †gvU 70 UvKv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY©‡K eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû a‡i MwVZ eM©‡ÿÎwU n‡jv :
DVj| H †kªwYi QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v KZ? F H
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v = x Rb
 cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Puv`vi cwigvY = (x + 30) cqmv 5 †m. wg.
Ges †gvU Puv`v = x (x + 30) cqmv
Avevi, †gvU Puv`v = 70 UvKv F 5 †m. wg. G
= 70  100 cqmv = 7000 cqmv
cÖkœg‡Z, x (x + 30) = 7000  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ EG = EF2 + FG2
= 52 + 52 ev, x2 − 5x + 4x − 20 = 0
= 25 + 25 ev, x(x − 5) + 4(x − 5) = 0
= 50 = 25  2 = 5 2
ev, (x − 5)(x + 4) = 0
nq, x − 5 = 0 A_ev, x + 4 = 0
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. Ges eM©‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨
5 2 †m.wg. (Ans)
 x=5  x=−4
†h‡nZz D”PZv FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv Kv‡RB wÎfzRwUi D”PZv
cÖkœ \ 33 \ GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg I D”PZv h_vµ‡g (x − 5 †m.wg.
1) †m.wg. I x †m.wg. Ges GKwU e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ wÎfyRwUi
wÎfzRwUi D”PZv 5 †m.wg. (Ans.)
D”PZvi mgvb| Avevi, GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ (x + 3)
1
†m.wg. I cÖ¯’ x †m.wg.| M. wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
K. GKwUgvÎ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Z_¨¸‡jv †`LvI| 1
L. wÎfyR‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 10 eM© †m.wg. n‡j, Gi D”PZv KZ? = . (x − 1) . x
2
M. wÎfyR‡ÿÎ, eM©‡ÿÎ I AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji avivevwnK 1
= 2  (5 − 1)  5 [ x = 5]
AbycvZ †ei Ki|
= 10
mgvavb : eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (evûi ˆ`N©¨)2 = (5)2 eM© †m.wg.
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv GKwUgvÎ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jv : = 25 eM© †m.wg.
A x E F
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’
x = (x + 3) . x eM© †m.wg.
= (5 + 3) . 5 eM© †m.wg.
C x +1 B D x+3 G = 8 . 5 eM© †m.wg. = 40 eM© †m.wg.
1  wÎfyR‡ÿÎ : eM©‡ÿÎ : AvqZ‡ÿÎ = 10 : 25 : 40
L. Avgiv Rvwb, wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj =  f‚wg  D”PZv
2 =2:5:8
ev,
1
10 = . (x − 1) . x [Abycv‡Zi cÖwZwU ivwk‡K 5 Øviv fvM K‡i]
2
wb‡Y©q AbycvZ = 2 : 5 : 8|
ev, 20 = x2 − x
ev, x2 − x − 20 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
mKj †ev‡W©i GmGmwm cixÿ v I †evW© cÖY xZ bgyb v enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡ kœvËi
1. (x − 1)2 = 9 mgxKiYwUi g~j KqwU? 5. x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~jØq wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K1 2 M3 N4 K −2, 3 L −3, 2 M −1, 6  3, 2
x−3 6. y(y − 4) = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
2. x−3=
x
n‡j x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K {0, −4}  {0, 4} M {2, 4} N {1, 4}
 1, 3 L1 M3 N 2, 3
3. †Kvb gvb PviwU x + 3y = 5 mgxKiYwU‡K wm× K‡i? 7. (y − 3)2 = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j KqwU?
K {1} L1 2 N3
K (5, 0), (1, − 2)  (2, 1) (5, 0)
M (2, 1), (0, − 5) N (1, 5), (0, 2) 8. ax + bx + c = 0 mgxKiYwUi−
2
4. x2 − x − 12 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi− i. GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY

i. GKwU PjK x ii. GKwU g~j i‡q‡Q
ii. NvZ 2 iii. `yBwU g~j i‡q‡Q
iii. x Gi exR (−4, 3) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [Kz. †ev. b. cÖ, '15] K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

10. ax2 + bx + c = 0 [†hLv‡b, a, b, c aªæeK Ges a  0]
55 : GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY AvKv‡ii mgxKiY‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K GK PjKwewkó GKNvZ mgxKiY
 GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY
9. wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY MVb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
M wZb PjKwewkó wÎNvZ mgxKiY
K ax + by2 + c = 0 L ax + by + cz = 0
 ax2 + bx + c = 0 N ax + by2 + cz3 = 0 N wZb PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY
11. †h mgxKi‡Y Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ 2, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K GKNvZ mgxKiY  wØNvZ mgxKiY
M wÎNvZ mgxKiY N PviNvZ mgxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
12. x(x −1) = 12 mgxKi‡Y Pj‡Ki m‡e©v”P NvZ KZ? (mnR) K i I ii
 i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K0 L1 2 N3
25. x2 + x − 240 = 0 mgxKiYwU−
13. GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
x 3x 3x x i. mgvavb Ki‡Z evgcÿ‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq
K −3=
2 4
L
2 =1 − 2 ii. `yB PjK wewkó wØNvZ mgxKiY
1 iii. `yBwU g~j Av‡Q
M 2x − 1 = x  2x − 1 =
x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
1
e¨vL¨v : 2x − 1 = x ; x(2x −1) =; 2x2 − x = 1; hv GK PjK wewkó K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wØNvZ mgxKiY|
14. (2x −1)2 = 0 mgxKiYwU ax2 + bx + c = 0 Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Ki‡j a Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 26 - 28 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K1 L2 M3 4
3 4
e¨vL¨v : (2x − 1)2 = 0; ev, 4x2 −22x1 + 1 = 0; ev, 4x2 − 4x + 1 = 0 ; + = 2 GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY|
x x+1
myZivs a = 4
15. wb‡Pi †KvbwU x Pj‡Ki wØNvZ mgxKiY? (ga¨g)
26. mgxKiYwUi n‡ii ¸Ydj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
 x2 + x L x2 + x + 2
K 2x − 4 = 0 L y2 + 3y −10 = 0
M x+2 N x2 + 2x + 3
M x2−8x + 12 = 0  2x + 2y + 2 = 0
16. x2 − 1 = 0 †K ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbvq b 27. cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi wØNvZ iƒ‡c wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K (3x – 1) (2x + 1) = 0  (x – 3) (2x + 1) = 0
= KZ? (ga¨g)
K −1 0 M1 N2 M (x + 1) ( 4x – 1) = 0 N (x + 2) (x – 1) = 0
17. y2 = 3y mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU †KvbwU? (mnR) 28. cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
K { 3} L {1, 3} M {0}  {0, 3} 1 1 1 1
K { , – } L { – 3, }  {3, – } N { – 2, 1}
x−4 3 2 2 2
18. x − 4 = x mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 - 31 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K {1, 2}  {1, 4} M {2, 4} N {3, − 4}
x −4 (y − 1)2 = 0 GKwU mgxKiY
e¨vL¨v : x = x − 4 ev, x(x −4) − (x − 4) = 0
ev, (x − 4)(x −1) = 0  x = 4, 1 29. cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y PjK wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
y L y2 M2 N4
19. x2 = mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU †KvbwU?
2x (ga¨g)
30. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi mgxKiY? (mnR)
K { 2x}  {0, 2} M {0,− 2} N{}
K GKNvZ mgxKiY  wØNvZ mgxKiY
e¨vL¨v : x2 − 2x = 0
M wÎNvZ mgxKiY N PviNvZ mgxKiY
ev, x(x − 2) = 0
 x = 0, 2 mgvavb †mU = {0, 2} 31. cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi g~j wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
20. 2x(x–1) = (x+1) – 5 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?(ga¨g)
2 K 0, −1  1, 1 M 1,2 N 1, −2
1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 32 - 34 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K {4}  {2} M { , 2} N {1,2}
2
x + a − 5 x + a + 6 = 0 GKwU mgxKiY
2
21.
x
– x = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †mU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
2
(mnR) x − a x − a
5
x +a
1 1 1 1 1 32. x −a = y ai‡j y Gi gvb †ei Ki| (ga¨g)
 {0, } L{ } M {2, } N{ ‚ }
5 5 3 2 4
K 1,2  2, 3 M 3,4 N 4,5
22. 2x2 – 4ax = 0 mgxKi‡Y x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) x +a
e¨vL¨v : = y n‡j cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU, y −5y + 6 = 0
2
K 2,4 L 0, 4 M 2, − 4  0, 2a x −a
ev, y − 3y − 2y + (−3)(−2) = 0
2
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ev, (y −3)(y −2) = 0
23. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :  y = 3, 2
i. wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ GKwU wØgvwÎK eûc`x 33. hw` y = 2 nq Zvn‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. †h mgxKi‡Yi m‡e©v”P NvZ 2 Zv‡K wØNvZ mgxKiY e‡j| Ka M 2a  3a N 4a
iii. ax + by + c = 0 GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY 34. Avevi y = 3 nq, Zvn‡j x = KZ? (ga¨g)
Ka  2a M 3a N 4a
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 56 : wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi eënvi
24. x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi−
i. GKwU g~j 2
ii. g~j 3wU 35. eM©vKvi GKwU †ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m. wg I †ÿÎdj 64 eM©
iii. Aci g~j 3 †m. wg n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K x2 + 36 L 4x2 + 36  x2 = 64 N 4x2 = 64 A D
36. `ywU ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó 21 Ges Zv‡ì ¸Ydj 108 n‡j
e„nËi msL¨vwU KZ? (ga¨g)
K9 L 10 M 11  12 B C
37. `ywU µwgK msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 9 n‡j ¶z`ªZi msL¨vwU KZ? wP‡Î ABCD GKwU AvqZ‡¶Î †hLv‡b AD = ˆ`N©¨ Ges CD = cÖ¯’|
(ga¨g) †hLv‡b AD = 2CD AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj 128 eM©wgUvi|
K3  4 M5 N6 45. AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
38. 5 wgUvi ˆ`‡N©ï eM©vKvi evMv‡bi wfZ‡i 1 wg PIov iv¯Ív K8 L9 M 12  16
_vK‡j iv¯Ív ev‡` evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? (KwVb) 46. AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi cÖ ¯’ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
K7  9 M 16 N 25 K9 8 M7 N6
e¨vL¨v : iv¯Ív ev‡` †ÿÎdj = {5 − (2  1)}2 = (3)2 = 947. AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj 30 eM©wgUvi Kg n‡j cwimxgv KZ n‡e? (KwVb)
K 28 wgUvi L 34 wgUvi M 35 wgUvi  42 wgUvi
39. AvqZvKvi GKwU †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x wg I cÖ¯’, ˆ`N©¨ A‡cÿv 10
e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj 10 eM©wgUvi Kg n‡j †ÿÎdj nq = (128 − 30) eM©wg
wg Kg| †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 144 eM©wgUvi n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU = 98 eM©wgUvi
mwVK? (mnR) G‡ÿ‡Î †ÿÎdj , AD  CD = 98
 x(x −10) = 144 x(x + 10) = 144
L ev, 2CD  CD = 98
M x(x −10) = 14 N x + (x + 10) = 144 ev, 2CD2 = 98
ev, CD2 = 49
40. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 2x wg I D”PZv (x + 1) wg I †ÿÎdj  CD = 7
25 eM© wg n‡j Gi Øviv MwVZ mgxKiYwU KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)  cÖ¯’ 7 wg
 x(x + 1) = 25 L 2x (x + 1) = 25  ˆ`N©¨ AB = 2CD = 2  7 = 14 wg
1  cwimxgv = 2  (AB + CD) = 2  (14 + 7) wg
M x (x + 1) 25 N x + (x + 1) = 25
2 = 2  21 wg
41. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv, f‚wgi `yB -Z…Zxqvsk Ges = 42 wg
H wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 27 eM© GKK| f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK?(ga¨g)
K6  9 M 15 N 21 wP‡Î, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| wÎfzRwUi AB evû AC evû
2x
e¨vL¨v : f‚wg hw` x awi, Zvn‡j D”PZv 3 1
A‡cÿv 12 ¸Y eo| BC evûi ˆ`N©¨ 20 †m.wg.|
1 2x
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 2  x  3 = 27 C
x=9 [ x  − 9 KviY f‚wg FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv]

42. wP‡Î GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv Av‡Q| 20 †mwg
mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfz‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (KwVb)
2x + 1 A B
x 48. wÎfzRwUi f‚wg KZ wgUvi? (KwVb)
K 15 L 12  017 N 015
2x – 1 49. ∆ABC Gi j¤^ KZ †m.wg? (ga¨g)
K8 L 12  17 N 21 K 1122  1133 M 12 N 13
43. GKwU †kªwY‡Z hw` x Rb QvÎ Zv‡ì msL¨vi mgvb Puv`v 50.  ABC Gi †¶Îdj KZ eM©wgUvi? (ga¨g)
†Ìqvq †gvU 400 UvKv D‡V, Zvn‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) K 075 L 75  00096 N 00075
K 10 L 15  20 N 25  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 51 - 54 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi GKwU †kªwY‡Z hZRb QvÎQvÎx c‡o cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zvi mncvVxi msL¨vi
mgvb UvKv Puv`v †Ìqvq †gvU 420 UvKv DVj|
44. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : 51. wkÿv_x©i msL¨v x n‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mncvVxi msL¨v KZ? (mnR)
i. AvqZ‡¶‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges cÖ¯’ b n‡j cwimxgv = 2(a + b) K x−2  x− 1 Mx Nx 2
ii. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri j¤^ a, f‚wg b Ges AwZfzR c n‡j a2 + b2 = c2 e¨vL¨v : cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_x©i mncvVx n‡e †gvU wkÿv_x© n‡Z 1Kg|
3  mncvVxi msL¨v (x −1)
evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj = 5
iii.
52. QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †Ìqv Puv`v I †gvU Puv`vi g‡a¨
a2 eM© GKK m¤úK© Kx? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  x(x −1) = 420 L x(x + 1) = 420
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M x2 =420 N x(x +1) = 420
53. H †kªwY‡Z QvÎ-QvÎxi msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  21 L 20 M 19 N 16
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 45 - 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| 54. cÖ‡Z¨‡K KZ UvKv K‡i Puv`v †`q? (ga¨g)
K 15 L 18 M 19  20

55. `yB A¼wewkó †Kvb msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 15 Ges G‡ì x x−4
K L
¸Ydj 56 msL¨vwU KZ? x−4 x+4
K 54 L 15 M 65  87 x x+4
 N
56. (z + 1)(z −2) = (z − 4)(z + 2) Gi mgvavb KZ? x+4 x
K6  −6 M 10 N −10 71. fMœvskwUi n‡ii eM© wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
57. y2 = 3y n‡j y Gi mgvavb− K x2 L x2 −8x + 16
 x2 + 8x + 16 N x2 + 4x + 4
K0 L 3 M1  0, 3
58. (3x −5)2 = 0 mgxKiY‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv 72. fMœvskwU KZ?
3 7 4 7
Ki‡j, a, b, c Gi gvb¸‡jv n‡jvÑ 
7
L
3
M
7
N
4
K 3, 1, 25 L 9, 1, 25  9,−30, 25 N 9, 30, 25
x+a x+a
59. x − b = x + c mgxKiYwUi mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq
Ka  −a Mb N −c A‡¼i A‡a©K|
1
60. x − x = 0 mgxKi‡Yi Pj‡Ki gvb KZ?
3 73. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼wU x n‡j msL¨vwU KZ?
21
1 L2 M4 N3 K 21x L M 2x2 12x
x
61. eM©vKvi GKwU †ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg. Ges †ÿÎdj 36 74. A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j, msL¨vwU KZ n‡e?
eM© †m.wg. n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 21
K 4x = 36  x2 = 36 Mx=9 N 4x2 = 36  21x L M 2x2 N 12x
x
62. (x − 3)(x + 2) = 0 Gi mgvavb †mU KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 75 - 78 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K (3, 2) L (2, 3)  (3, −2) N (−3, −2)
63. 3x2 − x + 5 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi x Gi mnM KZ? `yBwU µwgK we‡Rvo msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 72|
K3 L2 M1  −1 75. eo msL¨vwU 2x + 1 n‡j, †QvU msL¨vwU KZ?
64. (x − 3)2 = 0 mgxKiYwUi g~j KqwU? K 2x +1  2x −1 M 2x N x−1
K1 2 M3 N4 76. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
65. 2x2 − 4ax = 0 mgxKi‡Y x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?  (2x +1)2 − (2x −1)2 = 72 L (2x −1)2− (2I + 1)2 = 72
K (2, 4) L (0, 4) M 2, 4  0, 2a M (2x +1)2 + (2I −1)2 = 72 N (2x −1)2 + (2x +1)2 = 72
66. (x − 4)3 = 0 Gi g~j KqwU? 77. eo msL¨vwU KZ?
K 1wU L 2wU  3wU N 4wU  19 L 18 M 16 N 17
67. x(x − 8) = 20 mgxKi‡Y x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 78. †QvU msL¨vwU KZ?
K 19 L 18 M 16  17
K − 8, 20 L 8, 20  − 2, 10 N 2 − 10
68. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖK…Z fMœvsk?
1 3 1 1 `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq
 L M1 N2 A‡¼i wZb¸Y|
2 2 2 2
x−4 79. A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j g~j msL¨v Ges ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z
69. x − 4 = x Gi mgvavb †mU †KvbwU?
msL¨vi †hvMdj †KvbwU?
K {4} L {1} M {−1, −4}  {1,4} K 13x L 18x M 31x  44x
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 70 - 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 80. x = 3 n‡j g~j msL¨vi mv‡_ ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z msL¨vi gv‡bi
GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ni, je A‡cÿv 4 †ewk| fMœvskwU eM© Ki‡j cv_©K¨ KZ?
†h fMœvsk cvIqv hvq Zvi ni, je A‡cÿv 40 †ewk| K 39 L 45  54 N 93
70. je x n‡j fMœvskwU KZ?

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii.hv Pj‡Ki mKj gv‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨
hv GK cÖKvi mgxKiY
iii.
81. (x + 2)2 = x3 + 12x + 6x2 + 8 GKwU A‡f`-
i. hvi Dfqc‡ÿ `yBwU eûc`x Av‡Q
ii. hvi Pj‡Ki AmsL¨ gv‡bi Rb¨ A‡f`wU mZ¨ K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. hvi Dfqc‡ÿ eûc`xi gvÎv mgvb _v‡K 83. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. x2 + 3x + 2 = (x + 2) (x + 1)
ii. x2 − x + 2 = (x − 2) (x + 1)
iii. x2 − 1 = (x + 1) (x − 1)
K i I ii I iii
Li wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
82. (x + y) − (x − y) = 4xy GKwU A‡f`-

2 2 84. i. k~ b¨ bq Ggb 2 wU ev¯Íe msL¨vi ¸Ydj k~ b¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv
i. hvi mgvb wP‡ýi `yBc‡ÿ mgvb NvZwewkó 2 Gi AwaK ii. GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mv‡_ msL¨vi eM© †hvM K‡i 6 cvIqv
eûc`x we`¨gvb| †M‡j msL¨vwU 3
3  x2 + x + 3 L x2 + 2x + 3
iii. Gi j‡ei mv‡_ 4 †hvM Ki‡j fMœvskwUi gvb 1
7 M x2 + 2x + 6 N x2 − 2x + 6
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 93 I 94 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
`yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK
85. x †K PjK we‡ePbvq− ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wZb¸Y|
i. ax2 + bx + c = 0 GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY 93. GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j msL¨vwU KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. (2x + 1)2 = 4x2 + 4x − 1 GKwU mgxKiY I A‡f`  31x L 21x M 3x N 2x
iii. (x + 1)2 − (x − 1)2 = 4x GKwU A‡f` 94. x = 2 n‡j, g~j msL¨vi mv‡_ ¯’vb wewbgqK…Z msL¨vi cv_©K¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) KZ? (KwVb)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 26 L 16  36 N 46
86. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki−  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 95 I 96 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i. cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î, je  ni GKwU K¬v‡m 15 Rb wkÿv_©x Av‡Q|
ii. AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î, je  ni 95. cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zvi mncvVxi msL¨vi mgvb Puv`v w`‡j KZ UvKv Puv`v
iii. 10x + y msL¨vwU‡Z GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x D‡V? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 150 L 175 M 200  210
Ki  i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii e¨vL¨v : cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mncvVxi msL¨v 14 Rb|
87. (x + 1)2 = 2x + 1 mgxKiYwU-  Puv`v D‡V 15  14 = 210 UvKv|
i. g~j Øviv wm× n‡e 96. cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zv‡ì msL¨vq mgvb Puv`v w`‡j †gvU Puv`v w`‡j †gvU
ii. Gi g~j 4wU Puv`v 270 UvKv D‡V? (ga¨g)
iii. Gi Wvbc‡ÿ x2 †hvM Ki‡j mgxKiYwU A‡f‡` cwiYZ n‡e K2 3 M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : wkÿv_©x 15 Rb awi Zviv x UvKv †ewk Puv`v †`q|
 15(15 + x) = 270
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ev, 225 + 15x = 270 ev, 15x = 45  x = 3
88. 3 − 4x − x2 = 0 wØNvZ mgxKiYwUi-  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 97 Ñ 99 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i. g~jØq ev¯Íe I g~j`
eM©gv‡bi wcZvi eqm cy‡Îi eq‡mi 2 ¸Y| 20 eQi Av‡M
ii. g~jØq (2 ± 7)
wcZvi eqm cy‡Îi eq‡mi 6 ¸Y wQj|
iii. wbðvqK 28
97. cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm x n‡j 20 eQi Av‡M wcZvi eqm wQj
KZ? (ga¨g)
K x − 20  2x − 20 M x2 − 20 N 2x + 20
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi e¨vL¨v : eZ©gv‡b wcZvi eqm 2x
20 eQi Av‡M wcZvi eqm = 20x − 20
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 89 I 90 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 98. eZ©gv‡bI 20 eQi Av‡M wcZv-cy‡Îi eq‡mi mgwói cv_©K¨
2x + 1 = 3 GKwU mgxKiY| wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
89. mgxKiYwU‡Z x = KZ? (ga¨g) K 10 L 20 M 30  40
K1 L2  2 N ±2 e¨vL¨v : eZ©gv‡b mgwó x + 2x = 3x
20 eQi Av‡Mi mgwó = (x − 20) + (2x − 20) = 3x − 40 cv_©K¨ =
90. mgxKi‡Yi ¯^Z¡twm× Abyhvqx mwVK †KvbwU? (KwVb)
3x(3x − 40) = 40
K 2 4 x = 6  4 2x = 8 M 2 4 x = 8 N 4 2x = 6 99. eZ©gv‡b wcZv-cy‡Îi eqm hNvµ‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 91 I 92 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 25, 50 L 30, 20 M 20, 30  50, 25
x e¨vL¨v : cÖkœg‡Z, 2x − 20 = 6(x − 20)
x+3
GKwU fMœvsk|
ev, 6x − 120 = 20 − 20 ev, 4x = 100  x = 25
91. fMœvskwUi n‡ii e‡M©i gvb †KvbwU? (ga¨g)  cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm 25 eQi
K x2 + 3x + 9 L x2 + 2x + 9 Zvn‡j wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm 50 eQi|
M x2 + 9x + 9  x2 + 6x + 9
92. fMœvskwUi j‡ei eM© I n‡ii †hvMdj †KvbwU? (KwVb)

œ 1  mRxe‡ì wjPz MvQ †_‡K mRxe I Zvi eÜziv
cÖk- x R‡bi K. mRx‡ei fvB Avmvq cÖ‡Z¨‡K KZwU wjPz †cj, Zv x
Rb¨ †gvU 1950 wU wjPz cvoj| cieZx©‡Z mRx‡ei †QvU fvB Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
Dcw¯’Z nIqvq Av‡iv 34 wU wjPz cvov n‡jI M‡o 1wU wjPz K‡g L. x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
†Mj| y wU wjPz cvo‡j M‡o Zviv 1wU K‡i wjPz †ewk †cZ| M. y-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K mRx‡ei fvB Avmvi Av‡M †jvK msL¨v x Rb Ges wjPzi msL¨v K. Puv`v Av`v‡qi Z_¨wU mgxKiY AvKv‡i wjL| 2
1950wU| L. Dcnvi I †W‡Kv‡ik‡bi UvKv c„_K Ki| 4
mRx‡ei fvB Avmvi Av‡M cÖ‡Z¨‡K wjPz †cj (1950x) wU| M. cÖ‡Z¨K‡K KZ K‡i UvKv w`‡Z n‡e Ges wkÿv_©xi
msL¨v wbY©q Ki? 4
L mRx‡ei fvB Avmvq †gvU †jvKmsL¨v n‡jv (x + 1) Rb Ges
wjPz cvov n‡jv (1950 + 34)wU ev 1984wU|  2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1984
 cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cÖvß wjPzi msL¨v n‡jv x+1
wU| K. g‡b Kwi, wkÿv_©xi msL¨v = x Rb
kZ©vbymv‡i,  cÖ‡Z¨‡K Puv`v †`q = (x + 10) UvKv
1950 1984
− =1 mgxKiY, x(x + 10) = 3000 (Ans.)
x x+1
1
ev,
1950x + 1950 − 1984x
=1
L. Dcnvi : †W‡Kv‡ikb = 1 : 1 2
x (x + 1)
1950 − 34x 3
ev, x(x + 1) = 1 =1:
2
ev, x2 + x = 34x + 1950 =12:
3
 2 [2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, x2 + x + 34x − 1950 = 0 2
ev, x2 +35x − 1950 = 0 =2:3
ev, x2 + 65x −30x − 1950 = 0 AbycvZ¸‡jvi †hvMdj (2 + 3) = 5
ev, x (x + 65) − 30 (x + 65) = 0 2
Dcnv‡i e¨q nq = 3000 Gi 5 = 1200 UvKv
ev, (x + 65) (x − 30) = 0
3
 2q, x + 65 = 0 x − 40 = 0 †W‡Kv‡ik‡b e¨q nq = 3000 Gi 5 = 1800 UvKv
ev, x  − 65 ev, x = 30.
 x Gi gvb 30. (Ans.)
Dcnv‡i e¨q nq = 1200 UvKv 
 (Ans.)
M Zviv `ywU wjPz cvo‡j †gvU wjPzi msL¨v (1950 + y) wU| †W‡Kv‡ik‡b e¨q nq = 1800 UvKv
1950 + y
ZLb, M‡o cvq 4 + 1 wU| M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, wkÿv_©xi msL¨v = x Rb
kZ©vbymv‡i, cÖ‡Z¨‡K Puv`v †`q = (x + 10) UvKv
1950 + y 1950
x+1
−
x
=1 mgxKiY, x(x + 10) = 3000
1950 + x 1950
ev, 30 + 1 − 30 = 1 [L †_‡K cvB x = 30] cÖkœg‡Z,
1950 + y x(x + 10) = 3000
ev, 31
− 65 = 1
ev, x2 + 10x = 3000
1950 + y
ev, = 65 + 1 ev, x2 + 10x − 3000 = 0
31
1950 + y ev, x2 + 60x − 50x − 3000 = 0
ev, = 66
31 ev, x(x + 60) − 50(x + 60) = 0
ev, 1950 + y = 66  31 ev, (x + 60) (x − 50) = 0
ev, y = 2048 − 1950
ev, y = 96. nq, x + 60 = 0 A_ev x − 50 = 0
 y Gi gvb 96 (Ans.)  x = − 60  x = 50
œ 2  GmGmwm cixÿvi we`vq Abyôv‡b beg †kªwYi wkÿv_©xiv
cÖk- †h‡nZz wkÿv_©xi msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB x = − 60
3000 D‡Ëvjb Kij| cÖ‡Z¨‡K hZRb QvÎ Av‡Q Zvi †P‡q 10 UvKv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
1
†ewk Puv`v w`j| D³ UvKv Dcnvi Ges †W‡Kv‡ik‡b 1 : 12 Abycv‡Z  wkÿv_©xi msL¨v 50 Rb|
Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K Puv`v †`q (50 + 10) UvKv ev 60 UvKv|
e¨q n‡e| 50 Rb, 60 UvKv| (Ans.)

œ 3  (x −1)2 = 0 Ges x2 −1 = 0 `yBwU mgxKiY|
cÖk- K. cÖ`Ë 1g mgxKiYwU (x −1)2 = 0
K. 1g mgxKiYwUi NvZ KZ I g~j KqwU? 2 mgxKiYwUi NvZ `yB I g~j `yBwU|
L. 2q mgxKiYwU‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv L. cÖ`Ë 2q mgxKiY x2 − 1 = 0
K‡i a, b, c Gi gvb †jL| 4 Avgiv wjL‡Z cvwi, x2 + 0  x − 1 = 0
mgxKiYwU ax2 + bx + c = 0 Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡j
M. 1g mgxKiYwUi evgc‡ÿ 4x ‡hvM K‡i mgvavb Ki| 4 a = 1, b = 0, c = −1
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. cÖkœg‡Z, 4x + (x −1)2 = 0
ev, 4x + x2 −2x + 1 = 0 ev, x2 −10x + x −10 = 0
ev, x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 ev, x(x −10) + 1(x −10) = 0
ev, (x + 1)2 = 0 ev, (x −10)(x + 1) = 0
ev, (x + 1)(x + 1) = 0 x = −1, − 1 nq, x − 10 = 0 A_ev, x + 1 = 0
 wb‡Y©q mgvavb x = −1, −1
x = 10  x = −1
œ 4  (x − 2)2 = 8 − x GKwU mgxKiY|
cÖk- [x = −1 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY x ¯^vfvweK msL¨v]
K. mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi mnM wbY©q Ki| 2 ¯^vfvweK msL¨vwU 10 (Ans.)
L. mgvavb Ki‡j mgxKiYwUi KqwU g~j cvIqv hv‡e? M. g‡b Kwi,
g~j¸‡jv wbY©q Ki| 4
R¨vwUi ˆ`N©¨, AB = x †m.wg.
M. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î Dc‡iv³ x
mgxKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvM †`LvI| 4  Aa©-R¨v, AC = 2 †m.wg.
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  O
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU n‡jv, (x − 2)2 = 8 − x

OC = (x2 − 2) †m.wg.
ev, x2 − 4x + 4 = 8 − x e¨vmva© AO = 10 †m.wg.
ev, x2 − 3x − 4 = 0 mg‡KvYx AOC n‡Z cvB, A C B
myZivs x Gi mnM − 5| 2 2
AC + OC = AO 2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨]
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU n‡jv, (x − 2)2 = (8 − x)
(x) + (x2 − 2) = 10
2 2
ev, x2 − 4x + 4 − 8 + x = 0 ev, 2 2
ev, x2 − 3x − 4 = 0 x2 x2 x
†h‡nZz mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi m‡e©v”P NvZ 2 ZvB mgxKiYwU ev, 4 + 4 − 2  2  2 + 4 = 100
mgvavb Ki‡j `ywU g~j cvIqv hv‡e| 2x2
x2 − 3x − 4
ev, 4 − 2x + 4 − 100 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, x2 − 4x + x − 4 = 0 x2
ev, 2 − 2x − 96 = 0
ev, x(x − 4) + 1(x − 4) = 0
ev, (x − 4) (x + 1) = 0 ev, x2 − 4x − 192 = 0
nq, (x − 4) = 0 A_ev, x + 1 = 0 ev, x2 − 16x + 12x − 192 = 0
x=4 x=−1 ev, x(x − 16) + 12(x − 16) = 0
myZivs mgxKiYwUi `ywU g~j n‡jv 4 Ges −1 ev, (x − 16) (x + 12) = 0
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY iƒcwU cvB,
 nq, x − 16 = 0 A_ev, x + 12 = 0
x2 − 3x − 4 = 0 ev, x(x − 3) = 4
mgxKiYwUi evgc‡ÿi `ywU ivwk n‡jv x I (x − 3) ev, x = 16 ev, x = −12 [MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq †h‡nZz R¨v
†Kv‡bv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g x GKK I (x − 3) Gi ˆ`N©¨ abvZ¥K]
GKK n‡j mgxKiY Abymv‡i AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj n‡e 4 eM© wb‡Y©q R¨v‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 16 †m.wg.| (Ans.)
†m. wg.| G‡ÿ‡Î AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi wPÎwU n‡e wbgœiƒc- œ 6  `yB A¼wewkó †Kvb msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 12|
cÖk-
msL¨vwU A¼Ø‡qi ¸Ydj 32|
(x − 3) †m. wg.
4 eM© †m. wg. K. †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU A¼ x a‡i msL¨vwU‡K x Gi

gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
x †m. wg. L. cÖ`Ë kZ©g‡Z GKwU mgxKiY MVb K‡i mgxKi‡Yi
œ 5  GKwU ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mv‡_ H msL¨vwU †hvM Ki‡j
cÖk- exR `ywU wbY©q Ki| 4
†hvMdj wVK cieZx© msL¨vi `k ¸‡Yi mgvb n‡e| M. exR `ywU‡K eënvi K‡i wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU Kx n‡Z
K. ¯^vfvweK msL¨vwU x n‡j cieZx© ¯^vfvweK msL¨v KZ n‡e? 2 cv‡i wbY©q Ki| AZtci A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq
L. mgxKiY MVb K‡i msL¨vwU wbY©q Ki| 4 Ki‡j msL¨v `ywU wbY©q Ki| 4
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß ¯^vfvweK msL¨vwU GKwU e„‡Ëi  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
e¨vmva© n‡j, H e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z GKwU R¨v Gi
Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ e„ËwUi Aa© R¨v A‡cÿv 2 (K) g‡b Kwi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x
†m.wg. Kg| AvbygvwbK wPÎ A¼b Ki| R¨v Gi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ 12 − x [A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 12]
ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4  msL¨vwU = 10  `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ + GKK ¯’vbxq A¼
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 10 (12 − x) + x
= 120 − 10x + x = 120 − 9x (Ans.)
K. g‡b Kwi, ¯^vfvweK msL¨vwU = x (L) kZ©g‡Z, x(12 − x) = 32
cieZx© ¯^vfvweK msL¨v = x + 1 (Ans.) ev, 12x − x2 − 32 = 0
L. cÖkœg‡Z, x2 + x = 10 (x + 1) ev, − (x2 − 12x + 32) = 0
ev, − (x2 − 12x + 32 = 0 [− 1 Øviv fvM K‡i]
ev, x2 + x = 10x + 10
ev, x2 − 4x − 8x + 32 = 0
ev, x2 + x −10x −10 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, x(x − 4) − 8(x − 4) = 0
ev, x2 − 9x −10 = 0 ev, (x − 4) (x − 8)
GLb, x − 4 = 0 A_ev, x − 8 = 0 = 10x + 12 − x
x=4 x=8 = 12 + 9x
exR `ywU 4 I 8 (Ans.)  x = 4 n‡j, msL¨vwU ùvovq = 12 + 9  4
(M) x = 4 n‡j, msL¨vwU = 120 − 9  4 = 120 − 36 = 84 = 12 + 36 = 48
 x = 8 n‡j, msL¨vwU ùvovq = 12 + 9  8
x = 8 n‡j, msL¨vwU = 120 − 9  4 = 120 − 72 = 48
= 12 + 72 = 84
 msL¨v `ywU 84 ev 48 (Ans)
 A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨v `ywU nq 48 ev 84 (Ans.)
A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨vwU n‡e
= 10  GK‡Ki A¼ + `k‡Ki A¼

 x = − 75  x = 60
œ 7  beg †kªwYi wkÿv_©xiv eb‡fvR‡bi Rb¨ 4500 UvKv
cÖk- Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq
D‡Ëvjb Kij| cÖ‡Z¨‡K hZRb QvÎ Av‡Q Zvi †P‡q 15 UvKv †ewk
1
 wkÿv_©xi msL¨v 60 Rb (Ans.)
Puv`v wQj| D³ UvKv Dcnvi Ges †W‡Kv‡ik‡b 1 : 1 2 Abycv‡Z e¨q Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K Puv`v †`q = 60 + 15 = 75 UvKv (Ans.)
n‡e| 4
œ 8
cÖk- 10x − 4 = 5 GKwU GK PjKwewkó wØNvZ
+
K. Puv`v Av`v‡qi Z_¨wU mgxKiY AvKv‡i †jL| 2 10x − 4
L. Dcnvi I †W‡Kv‡ik‡bi UvKv c„_K Ki| 4 mgxKiY|
M. cÖ‡Z¨K‡K KZ K‡i UvKv w`‡Z n‡e Ges wkÿv_©xi K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †_‡K †`LvI †h, 2x = 10x − 4 2
msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4 L. ÔKÕ Gi cÖvß mgxKiYwU mgvavb K‡i mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 4
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. cÖvß mgvav‡bi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
K. g‡b Kwi, wkÿv_©xi msL¨v = x Rb  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
4
 cÖ‡Z¨‡K Puv`v †`q = (x + 15) UvKv K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, + 10x − 4 = 5
10x −4
mgxKiY, x(x + 15) = 4500 (Ans.) 2
4 + ( 10x − 4)
1 ev, =5
L. Dcnvi : †W‡Kv‡ikb = 1:12 10 − 4
4 + 10x − 4
=1:
3 ev, =5
2 10x − 4
10x
=12:
3
2 [2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] ev, =5
2 10x − 4
3 ev, 10x = 5 10x − 4 [Avo¸Y K‡i]
= 12:22
 2x = 10x − 4 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
=2:3
AbycvZ¸‡jvi †hvMdj (2 + 3) = 5 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, 2x = 10x − 4
2
2 ev, (2x)2 = ( 10x − 4) [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
Dcnv‡i e¨q nq = 4500 Gi 5 = 1800 UvKv ev, 4x2 = 10x − 4
3 ev, 2x2 = 5x − 2 [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
†W‡Kv‡ik‡b e¨q nq = 4500 Gi 5 = 2700 UvKv ev, 2x2 − 5x + 2 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
Dcnv‡i e¨q nq = 1800  ev, 2x2 − 4x − x + 2 = 0
 ev, 2x(x − 2) − 1(x − 2) = 0
†W‡Kv‡ik‡b e¨q nq = 2700 UvKv (Ans.)
ev, (x − 2) (2x − 1) = 0
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, wkÿv_©xi msL¨v = x Rb nq, x = 2 A_ev, 2x − 1= 0
cÖ‡Z¨‡K Puv`v †`q = (x + 15) UvKv x = 2 ev, 2x = 1
mgxKiY = x(x + 15) = 4500 1
cÖkœg‡Z, x=
2
x(x + 15) = 4500 1
 cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb, x = 2 A_ev, x = 2
ev, x2 + 15x = 4500
ev, x2 + 15x − 4500 = 0
ev, x2 + 75x − 60x − 4500 = 0
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {2 12}
M. x = 2 n‡j,
ev, x(x + 75) − 60(x + 75) = 0 4
ev, (x + 75) (x − 60) = 0 evgcÿ = + 10  2 − 4
10  2 − 4
nq, x + 75 = 0 A_ev, x − 60 = 0
=
4
+ 20 − 4
K. 1g ivwk + 2q ivwk = 0 n‡j, mgxKiYwUi mgvavb
20 − 4 Ki| 2
4 4
= + 16 = + 4 = 1 + 4 = 5 = Wvbcÿ
4
L. 3  2q ivwk + 4  3q ivwk = 2 n‡j, x Gi gvb
16
wbY©b Ki| 4
evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ 1 1
1
Avevi, x = 2 n‡j, M. 1g ivwk = a + b + 2q ivwk n‡j, mgxKiYwUi
mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 4
4 1
evgcÿ = + 10  − 4
1
10  − 4
2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 1g ivwk + 2q ivwk = 0
4 4
= + 5−4= + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5 = Wvbcÿ 1 1
5−4 1 ev, a + b + x + x = 0
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ x+a+b+x
 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb mwVK n‡q‡Q| ev, (a + b + x)x = 0
x a x b ev, 2x = − (a + b)
œ 9  a , x , b, x PviwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk- 1
 x = − (a + b)
K. 1g ivwk - 2q ivwk = 0 n‡j, x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 2
1
L. 1g ivwk - 3q ivwk = a2 − b2 n‡j, mgxKiYwUi wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = − 2 (a + b)
mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 4
M. 1g ivwk + 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk + 4_© ivwk n‡j, L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 3  2q ivwk + 4  3q ivwk = 2
mgxKiYwUi mgvavb wbY©q Ki| 4 1 1
ev, 3 . x + 4 . x + 1 = 2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 1g ivwk − 2q ivwk = 0 ev, x = 2 − x + 1
x a 3 2(x + 1) − 4
ev, a − x = 0 ev, x = x+1
ev, a = x
x a 3 2x + 2 −4
ev, x = x +1
ev, x2 = a2 3 2x −2
x = ± a (Ans.) ev, x = x +1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 1g ivwk − 3q ivwk = a2 − b2 ev, 2x2 −2x = 3x + 3
x x ev, 2x2 − 2x − 3x − 3 = 0
ev, a − b = a2 − b2
ev, 2x2 − 5x −3 = 0
bx − ax ev, 2x2 − 6x + x − 3 = 0
ev, ab
= a2 − b2
ev, 2x(x − 3) + 1 ( x − 3) 0
ev, bx − ax = ab (a + b) (a − b) ev, (x − 3) (2x + 1) = 0
ab (a + b) (a − b) nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, 2x + 1 = 0
ev, x = − (a − b) x=3 ev, 2x = − 1
 x = − ab (a + b) 1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {− ab (a + b)} x=−
2
1
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 1g ivwk + 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk + 4_© ivwk wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x = 3, − 2
x a x
ev, a + x = b + x
b M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
1 1
x x b a 1g ivwk = a + b + 2q ivwk
ev, − = −
a b x x 1 1 1 1
ev, a + b + x = a + b + x
bx − ax b − a
ev, = 1 1 1 1
ab x ev, a + b + x − x = a + b
x(b − a) (b − a) x−a−b−x
ev, ab
=
x ev, (a + b + x)x = ab
b+a
x 1 − (a + b) (a + b)
ev, = ev, x2 = ab  x =  ab
ab x ev, (a + b + x)x = ab
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : x =  ab −1 1
ev, =
ax + bx + x2 ab
[Dfqcÿ‡K (a + b) Øviv fvM K‡i]
1 1 1 ev, ax + bx + x = − ab
œ 10 
cÖk- , ,
a + b + x x x +1
wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk| 2
ev, ax + bx + x2 + ab = 0
ev, a(x + b) + x (x + b) = 0
ev, (x + b) (x + a) = 0 K. 1g ivwk  4_© ivwk = 0 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU
nq, x + a = 0 A_ev, x + b = 0 wbY©q Ki| 2
x=−a x=−b 3 4
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {- a, − b} L. x + = 2 n‡j, mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 4
PZz_© ivwk
(x + 1)3 − (x − 1)3 1g ivwk 6  (1g ivwk)
œ 11  (x + 1)2 − (x − 1)2 = 2 GKwU GK PjK wewkó mgxKiY|
cÖk-
M. 2q ivwk + 3q ivwk = 1 n‡j, mgxKiYwUi
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU‡K ax2 + bx + c = 0 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. K-Gi cÖvß mgxKiYwU mgvavb K‡i mgvavb †mU mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 4
wbY©q Ki| 4  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. mgvav‡bi ïw× cixÿv Ki| 4 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 1g ivwk  4_© ivwk = 0
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (x −2) (x + 1) = 0
(x + 1)3 − (x − 1)3
nq, x − 2 = 0 A_ev, x + 1 = 0
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, (x +1)2 − (x −1)2 = 2 x=2  x=−1
(x3 + + 3x + 1) −
3x2 − (x3+ 3x − 1)
3x2 wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = {2, −1}
ev, (x2 + 2x + 1) − (x2 − 2x + 1)
=2 3 4
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + =2
x + 3x + 3x + 1−x + 3x − 3x + 1
3 2 3 2 PZz_© ivwk
ev, x2 + 2x + 1− x2 + 2x−1
=2
3 4
6x2 + 2 ev, x + x + 1 = 2
ev, 4x = 2
3 4
ev, 6x2 + 2 = 8x ev, x = 2 − x + 1
ev, 6x2 − 8x + 2 = 0; hv ax2 + bx + c = 0 AvKv‡ii|
3 2x + 2 − 4
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, 6x2 − 8x + 2 = 0 ev, x = x+1
ev, 3x2 − 4x + 1 = 0 [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
3 2x −2
ev, 3x2 − 3x − x + 1 = 0 ev, x = x + 1
ev, 3x (x −1) −1(x −1) = 0
 (3x − 1) (x − 1) = 0
ev, x (2x − 2) = 3 (x + 1)
nq, 3x − 1 = 0 A_ev, x − 1 = 0 ev, 2x2 − 2x = 3x + 3
ev, 3x = 1 x=1 ev, 2x2 − 2x − 3x − 3= 0
1
x=
3
ev, 2x2 −5x − 3 = 0
1 ev, 2x2 − 6x + x − 3 = 0
 cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb, x = A_ev, x = 1
3 ev, 2x (x −3) + 1 (x − 3) = 0
1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = 3 1 { } ev, (x − 3) (2x + 1) = 0
(1 + 1)3 − (1 −1)3 nq, x − 3 = 0 A_ev, 2x + 1 = 0
M. x = 1 n‡j, evgcÿ =
(1+ 1)2 − (1 − 1)2 x=3 ev, 2x = − 1
23 − 0 8 1
= 2 = = 2 = Wvbcÿ x=−
2 −0 4 2
{3 − 21}
3 3
1 1 wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S =
1
x = n‡j, evgcÿ =
3( ) ( )
+1 −
3
−1
3 1 2
1 2 1g ivwk 6 1g ivwk
3( ) ( )
+1 −
3
−1 M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2q ivwk + 3q ivwk = 1
−2 x−2 6(x −2)
− 
3 3
4
=
(3)  3 
ev, x + 2 + x − 6 = 1
6(x − 2) x −2
(43) − −32
2 2
ev, x −6 = 1 − x + 2
6(x − 2) x + 2 − x + 2
64 8
+ ev, x−6
=
x+2
27 27 72 9
= =  = Wvbcÿ 6(x − 2) 4
16 4 27 12
− ev, (x−6)
=
(x + 2)
9 9
3(x − 2) 2
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ ev, (x − 6)
=
(x + 2)
 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb ï× n‡q‡Q| ev, 3 (x − 2) (x + 2) = 2(x − 6)
œ 12  x−2, x +2, x −6, x +1 PviwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
cÖk- ev, 3 (x2 − 4) = 2x −12
ev, 3x2 − 12 − 2x +12 = 0
ev, 3x2 − 2x = 0
ev, x(3x − 2) = 0 = 2  28 wgUvi = 56 wgUvi
nq, x = 0 A_ev, 3x − 2 = 0 KÿwUi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I cwimxgv h_vµ‡g 16wgUvi, 12 wgUvi,
ev, 3x = 2 56 wgUvi (Ans)
2 œ 14  GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ A‡cÿv ˆ`N¨© 4 wgUvi †ewk; Gi
cÖk-
x=
3
†ÿÎdj 192 eM©wgUvi|
2
{ }
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU, S = 0 3 K. cÖ¯’‡K PjK a‡i Ic‡ii Z‡_ï exRMvwYwZK
mgxKiY ˆZwi Ki| 2
œ 13  GKwU AvqZvKvi K‡ÿi †ÿÎdj 192 eM©wgUvi| Gi
cÖk-
L. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi Kgv‡j Ges cÖ¯’ 4 wgUvi evov‡j †ÿÎdj AcwiewZ©Z
M. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv Ges D³ cwimxgv wewkó e‡M©i
_v‡K|
†ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
K. KÿwUi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi n‡j, KÿwUi cÖ¯’ KZ? 2
L. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb Ki| Ges
 14bs cª ‡ kœ i mgvavb 
mgxKiYwU‡K ab = 0 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 4 K. awi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = x wgUvi
M. ÔLÕ G cÖvß mgxKiYwU mgvavb K‡i KÿwUi ˆ`N©¨ Zvn‡j, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = (x + 4) eM©wgUvi
I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ges cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = x(x + 4) eM©wgUvi
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cÖkœg‡Z, x(x + 4) = 192 (Ans)
L. (K) †_‡K cvB, x(x + 4) = 192
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, KÿwUi ˆ`N©¨ = x wgUvi ev, x2 + 4x − 192 = 0
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj ev, x2 + 16x − 12x − 192 = 0
Rvbv Av‡Q, cÖ¯’ = ˆ`N©¨ ev, x (x + 16) − 12(x + 16) = 0
192
KÿwUi cÖ¯’ = x wgUvi (Ans.) ev, (x + 16)(x − 12) = 0
nq, x + 16 = 0 A_ev, x − 12 = 0
L. KÿwUi ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi Kgv‡j ˆ`N©¨ nq (x − 4) wgUvi Ges
 x = − 16  x = 12
192 wKš‘ x  − 16 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq KviY cÖ¯’ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i
KÿwUi cÖ¯’ 4 wgUvi evov‡j cÖ¯’ nq ( x
+4) wgUvi
bv|
 †ÿÎdj = (x − 4) (192x + 4) eM©wgUvi  cÖ¯’ = 12 wgUvi
 ˆ`N©¨ = (12 + 4)wgUvi = 16 wgUvi
192
cÖkœg‡Z, (x − 4) ( x + 4) = 192 AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 16 wgUvi| (Ans.)
768 M. (L) n‡Z, ˆ`N©¨ = 16 wgUvi
ev, 192 − x + 4x − 16 = 192 Ges cÖ¯’ = 12 wgUvi
768
ev, 4x − x = 192 + 16 − 192 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)
= 2(16 + 12) wgUvi = 2  28 wgUvi = 56 wgUvi
4x2 − 768 g‡b Kwi, eM©‡ÿÎwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ a wgUvi
ev, x
= 16
ev, 4x2 − 768 = 16x eM©‡ÿÎwUi cwimxgv = 4a wgUvi
ev, 4(x2 − 192) = 16x cÖkœg‡Z, 4a = 56
56
ev, x2 − 192 = 4x [Dfqcÿ‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i]  a=
4
= 14
ev, x2 − 4x − 192 = 0 [cÿvšÍi K‡i] e‡M©i †ÿÎdj = a2 eM©wgUvi
ev, x2 − 16x + 12x − 192 = 0 = (14)2 eM©wgUvi
ev, x(x − 16) + 12(x − 16) = 0 = 196 eM©wgUvi
 (x − 16)(x + 12) = 0 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 56 wgUvi, e‡M©i †ÿÎdj 196 eM©wgUvi|
192
Ans (x − 4) ( x )
+ 4 = 192 (Ans)
œ 15  GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg. Ges GKwU
cÖk-
Ges (x − 16) (x + 12) = 0
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, (x − 16)(x + 12) = 0 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi evûi cÖ¯’ I ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g (x −3) I (x + 28) †m.wg.|
nq, x − 16 = 0 A_ev, x + 12 = 0 K. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 224 †m.wg. n‡j, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi
 x = 16  x = − 12 cÖ¯’ KZ? 2
wKš‘ ˆ`N©¨ KLbB FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, L. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cwimxgv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi cuvP¸Y
 x = − 12 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| n‡j, x = KZ? 4
 KÿwUi ˆ`N©¨ = 16 wgUvi M. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji wØ¸Y
192 192 n‡j, x = KZ? 4
Ges KÿwUi cÖ¯’ = x wgUvi = 16 wgUvi = 12 wgUvi
 KÿwUi cwimxgv = 2(ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)
= 2(16 + 12) wgUvi
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg.
Ges eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 180 †m.wg. = 54 eM© †m.wg.
Avgiv Rvwb,  wÎfz‡Ri AwZfy‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ 15 †m.wg.
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 4  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨  Avevi, e‡M©i GK evû 15 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj = (15)2 eM© †m.wg.
= 4x = 225 eM© †m.wg.
cÖkœg‡Z, 4x = 224  e‡M©i †ÿÎdj wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji †P‡q †ewk
224
 x = 4 = 56 †m.wg. = (225 − 54) eM© †m.wg. ev 17 eM© †m.wg.|
wb‡Y©q e‡M©i †ÿÎdj 225 eM© †m.wg. Ges e‡M©i †ÿÎdj
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = (x − 3) †m.wg.
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji †P‡q 17 eM© †m. wg. †ewk| (Ans.)
= (56 − 3) †m.wg. = 53 †m.wg. (Ans)
L. cÖkœg‡Z, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2  ( ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) œ 17  GKwU wÎfyRvK…wZ †ÿ‡Îi f‚wg Zvi D”PZvi wØ¸Y A‡cÿv
cÖk-
= 2(x + 28 + x − 3) 6 wgUvi †ewk|
= 2(2x + 25) †m.wg. K. D”PZv‡K h wgUvi a‡i f‚wg †ei Ki Ges AvbygvwbK
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 4x †m.wg. wPÎ AvuK| 2
kZ©vbymv‡i, 2(2x + 25) = 54x L. †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 810 eM©wgUvi n‡j h Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
ev, 4x + 50 = 20x M. wÎfyRwUi f‚wg Ges GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 50 = 20x − 4x  17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, 16x = 50
50 25 K. wÎfyR †ÿÎwUi D”PZv (AD) = h wgUvi
x= = (Ans) cÖkœg‡Z, f‚wg (BC) = (2h + 6) wgUvi
16 8
A
M. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’ eM© GKK
= (x + 28) (x − 3) eM© †m.wg.
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (evû)2 = x2 eM© †m.wg. h
kZ©vbymv‡i, (x −3)(x + 28) = 2x2
ev, x2 + 28x − 3x − 84 = 2x2 B D C
ev, 2x2 − x2 − 28x + 3x + 84 = 0 2h + 6
ev, x2 − 25x + 84 = 0 1
L. Avgiv Rvwb, 2  f‚wg  D”PZv = wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj
ev, x2 − 21x − 4x + 84 = 0 1
ev, x(x − 21) − 4(x −21) = 0 ev, 2  BC  AD = ABC Gi †ÿÎdj
ev, (x − 21) (x − 4) = 0 1
ev, 2  (2h + 6)  h = 810 [ wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj 810 wg]
nq, (x − 21) = 0 A_ev, x − 4 = 0
 x = 21 x=4 1
ev, 2  2(h + 3)  h = 810
wb‡Y©q gvb : x = 4, 21
ev, h(h + 3) = 810
œ 16  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfz‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ 15 †m.wg.
cÖk- I ev, h2 + 3h − 810 = 0
Aci evûØ‡qi ˆ`‡N©ï AšÍi 3 †m.wg.| ev, h2 + 30h − 27h − 810 = 0
K. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg. a‡i mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ev, h (h + 30) − 27 (h + 30) = 0
†ÿ‡Î wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨wU †jL| 2 ev, (h + 30)(h − 27) = 0
L. Aci evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 nq h + 30 = 0 A_ev, h − 27 = 0
M. wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR‡K e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ a‡i Zvi  h = − 30  h = 27
†ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki Ges Zv wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji †P‡q wKš‘ h = − 30; MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
KZ †ewk? 4 †Kbbv D”PZv FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wb‡Y©q D”PZv 27 wgUvi (Ans.)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 15 †m.wg. Ges GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, h = 27wg
x †m.wg. wÎfyRwUi f‚wg, BC = (2h + 6) wg = (2  27 + 6) wg
 Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ (x + 3) †m.wg. = (54 + 6) wg = 60 wg
 mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î, ABC wÎfy‡Ri kxl©we›`y A †_‡K Aw¼Z ga¨gv f‚wg BC †K
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, x2 + (x + 3)2 = 152 (Ans.) mgvb `yB fv‡M fvM K‡i|
L. Abykxjbx 5.2 Gi 28 bs mgvavb †`L| BC 60
myZivs BD = CD = 2 = 2 = 30 wg.
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR Qvov Aci `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ 9
†m.wg. I 12 †m.wg.  ABD Gi D = 90
1 myZivs wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,
 wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  9  12 eM© †m.wg.
( ) AB2 = BD2 + CD2
ev, AB2 = (30)2 + (27)2
ev, AB2 = 900 + 729 wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg 60 wg Ges GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4036 wg (cÖvq) (Ans.)
ev, AB2 = 1629
ev, AB = 1629 AB = 4036

œ 18  GKwU †kªwY‡Z hZRb QvÎQvÎx c‡o Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡K ZZ
cÖk- Avevi, †gvU Puv`v = 70 UvKv
cqmvi †P‡q AviI 30 cqmv †ewk K‡i Puv`v †Ìqv‡Z †gvU 70 UvKv = (70  100) cqmv = 7000 cqmv
DVj| cÖkœg‡Z, x(x + 30) = 7000; BnvB wb‡Y©q m¤úK©|
K. QvÎQvÎxi msL¨v x a‡i QvÎQvÎx I UvKvi g‡a¨ L. Abykxjbx 5.2 Gi 30 bs mgvavb †`L|
m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki| 2 M. cÖkœg‡Z, 70 Rb QvÎQvÎxi †gvU b¤î 1190
L. m¤úK©wU‡K mgvavb K‡i H †kªwYi QvÎQvÎxi msL¨v (70 + 1) ev, 71 R‡bi †gvU b¤î = 1190 + y
wbY©q Ki| 4 70 Rb Qv‡Îi Mo b¤î =
1190
= 17
M. ÔLÕ‡Z cÖvß QvÎQvÎx‡ì MwY‡Z cÖvß b¤^‡ii 70
1190 + y
mgwó 1190| Gi mv‡_ y b¤î cÖvß GKRb Ges 71 R‡bi Mo b¤î = 71
Qv‡Îi b¤î †hvM nIqvq Zv‡ì cÖvß b¤^‡ii Mo 1190 + y
1 †e‡o †Mj| y Gi gvb KZ? 4 cÖkœg‡Z, 71 = 17 + 1
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev,
1190 + y
= 18
71
K. awi, QvÎQvÎxi msL¨v x Rb ev, 1190 + y = 18  71
 cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †`q Puv`v = (x + 30) cqmv ev, 1190 + y = 1278
 †gvU Puv`v = x(x + 30) cqmv ev, y = 1278 − 1190  y = 88 (Ans.)

2 4 1
œ 19  x −2 + x +1 = 3 GKwU mgxKiY
cÖk- DËi : K. a = 1, b = − 5, c = 4; L. x = 2 A_ev 2; M. AwZfzR
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wØNvZ mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 27 1
GKK †ÿÎdj 2 eM© GKK|
2
L. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki| 4
3 4 cÖk-œ 22  eb¨v_©‡ì mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ `kg †kªwYi wkÿv_©xiv
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß x Gi e„nËi gvb eënvi K‡i m + m +1 = x −1 †kªwYi Puv`v DVv‡jv| weÁvb wefv‡M hZRb QvÎx Av‡Q cÖ‡Z¨‡K ZZ
ivwkwUi m Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 cqmvi †P‡q AviI 30 cqmv †ewk †`qv‡Z 70 UvKv Puv`v DV‡jv|
DËi : K. x2 − 3x = 0; L. 0, 3; M. 3, − 1/2 Aciw`‡K gvbweK wefv‡M hZRb QvÎx Av‡Q cÖ‡Z¨‡K ZZ cqmvi
œ 20  GKwU AvqZvKvi N‡ii †g‡Si †ÿÎdj 192 eM©wgUvi|
cÖk- †P‡q 25 cqmv †ewk K‡i †`qv‡Z 75 UvKv Puv`v DV‡jv|
†g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi Kgv‡j I cÖ¯’ 4 wgUvi evov‡j †ÿÎdj K. gvbweK wefv‡Mi Puv`vi kZ©wU mgxKiY AvKv‡i wjL| 2
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| L. weÁvb wefv‡Mi QvÎxmsL¨v KZ? 4
K. N‡ii ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi n‡j, cÖ¯’ KZ? 2 M. gvbweK wefv‡Mi QvÎxmsL¨v KZ? 4
L. N‡ii ˆ`N©¨ Ges cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : (K) y(y + 25) = 7500; (L) 70 Rb; (M) 75 Rb|
M. cÖ`Ë N‡ii cwimxgv GKwU eM©vKvi N‡ii cwimxgvi mgvb cÖk- œ 23  GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ 5 t 4
1 1
n‡j, eM©vKvi N‡ii †ÿÎdj KZ n‡e? 4
K. Rwgi KY©mn wPÎ AsKb Ki Ges cÖ`Ë AbycvZ‡K a t b cÖKvk
DËi : K. N‡ii cÖ¯’ =192 x
wgUvi; L. ˆ`N© ¨ 16 wgUvi Ges cÖ ¯’ Ki| 2
12 wgUvi; M. 196 eM©wgUvi| L. Rwgi ˆ`N© ¨ , cÖ ¯’ I K‡Y© i Aby c vZ wbY© q Ki| 4
4 M. AvqZvKvi Rwgi †ÿÎdj 192 eM© w gUvi n‡j, Zvi mgvb
œ 21  m + m = 5
cÖk-
cwimxgv wewkó GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡K ax2+ bx + c = 0 mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv DËi : (K) 4 t 5; (L) 4 t 3 t 5; (M) 169 eM©wgUvi|
K‡i a, b, c Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| œ 24  wg‡mm Av‡qkv Rvgvb Zvi evmvi mvg‡b GKwU dz‡ji
2 cÖk-
L. m = 10x − 4 n‡j, mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki| 4 evMvb ˆZwii cwiKíbv K‡i| cwiKíbv Abymv‡i AvqZvKvi dz‡ji
M. Avevi m = 10x − 4 n‡j, mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †Kv‡bv evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 50 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 40 wgUvi| evMv‡bi wbqwgZ
mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ `yBwU evû a‡i Gi AwZfzR cwiPh©v Kivi Rb¨ evMv‡bi †fZ‡ii Pvicv‡k GKwU iv¯Ív iv‡Lb|
iv¯Ívev‡` evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj 1200 eM©wgUvi|
I †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Aej¤^‡b wPÎ AuvK Ges iv¯Ívi we¯Ív x iv¯Ívev‡` œ 26  GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb¸Y A‡cÿv 4
cÖk-
evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 wg Kg Ges †ÿÎdj 384 eM©wgUvi|
L. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ wb‡q GKwU wØNvZ mgxKiY MVb K‡i mgxKiYwUi K. evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ x wg n‡j, mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
mgvavb Ki I iv¯Ívi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki| 4 L. evMv‡bi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4
M. iv¯ÍvwU evMv‡bi evB‡ii Pviw`‡K n‡j, iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi M. evMv‡bi evB‡ii w`‡K 2 wg PIov GKwU c_ Av‡Q| cÖwZ eM©
†ÿÎdj KZ †ewk n‡e? 4
DËi : (K) (50 − 2x) (40 − 2x) eM©wgUvi; (L) 5 wgUvi; (M)1000 wg 200 UvKv wnmv‡e c_wU euvav‡Z †gvU KZ LiP n‡e? 4
eM©wgUvi| DËi : K. x(3x − 4) = 384 ; L. 88 wg; M.38400 UvKv
œ 25  GKwU fMœvs‡ki ni je A‡cÿv 1 †ewk| hw` je I ni‡K
cÖk- œ 27  iwdK 380 UvKvq KZK¸‡jv Kjg wKbj| hw` †m 1wU
cÖk-
2 Øviv †hvM Kiv nq Z‡e fMœvskwU
1
†e‡o hvq| Kjg †ewk †cZ Z‡e Kjg cÖwZ `vg 1 UvKv Kg coZ| cieZx©‡Z
12 Kj‡gi `vg 50% K‡g †Mj|
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 K. Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKi‡Y cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki| 4 L. Kj‡gi msL¨v I cÖwZwU Kj‡gi g~j¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
y+1 25
M. hw` fMœvskwUi mv‡_ y †hvM Ki‡j 12 nq, Z‡e y Gi M. `vg Kgvi ci H UvKvq †m kZKiv KqwU Kjg †ewk cv‡e? 4
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. x380+1
=
380
x
− 1; L. Kj‡gi msL¨v 19wU, g~j¨ 20 UvKv;
x+2 x 1 3
DËi : K. x +1 +2 = x +1 + 12 ; L. 4; M. 3; M. 100%

œ 28  GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii AšÍi 1; je †_‡K 3
cÖk- ev, y2 + 9y − 5y −45 = 0
1
we‡qvM I n‡ii mv‡_ 4 †hvM Ki‡j †h fMœvsk cvIqv hv‡e Zv Gi ev, y(y + 9) − 5(y + 9) = 0
9
mgvb| ev, (y + 9) ( y − 5) = 0
nq, y + 9 = 0 A_ev, y − 5 = 0
K. PjK x a‡i fMœvskwU †jL| 2
y=−9 y=5
L. fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki| 4 wKš‘ cÖ‡¯’i cwigvc FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
M. fMœvskwUi je‡K `kK ¯’vbxq I ni‡K GKK wb‡Y©q cÖ¯’ 5 wgUvi
¯’vbxq A¼ wn‡m‡e wb‡q cÖvß msL¨v eM©wgUvi  ˆ`N©¨ = (5 + 4) wgUvi ev 9 wgUvi
GK‡K hw` †Kv‡bv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj nq Ges AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2(‰`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) GKK
Gi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i †P‡q 4 wgUvi eo nq Z‡e, = 2(9 + 5) wgUvi
cwimxgv KZ n‡e? 4 = 2(14) wgUvi = 28 wgUvi (Ans)
 28bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 29  GKwU Mvwo NÈvq 60 wK. wg †e‡M wKQz c_ Ges NÈvq
cÖk-
K. g‡b Kwi, fMœvskwUi je x Ges ni x + 1 40 wK.wg †e‡M Aewkó c_ AwZµg Ki‡jv| MvwowU †gvU 5 NÈvq
x 240 wK.wg c_ AwZµg Ki‡jv|
 fMœvskwU x +1
x−3 1 K. PjK x Gi gva¨‡g 60 wK.wg †e‡M Ges 40 wK.
L. cÖkœg‡Z, (x +1) + 4 = 9 wg †e‡M MvwowU KZ NÈv P‡j‡Q Zv †`LvI| 2
x −3 1 L. MvwowU 60 wK. wg. †e‡M KZ`~i wM‡q‡Q? 4
ev, x +5 = 9 M. hw` Aci GKwU Mvwo ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß `~iZ¡ mg‡qi
ev, 9x−27 = x + 5 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] mvswL¨K gv‡bi †P‡q 2 GKK †ewk †e‡M AwZµg
ev, 9x −x = 5 + 27 K‡i Zvn‡j MvwowUi †eM KZ? 4
ev, 8x = 32  29bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
32
ev, x = 8  x = 4 K. g‡b Kwi, MvwowU 60 wK. wg †e‡M x wK. wg P‡j‡Q|
Zvn‡j ,, 40 wK. wg †e‡M (240 − x) wK. wg P‡j‡Q
 je = 4 I ni = 4 + 1 = 5 AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡
4 Avgiv Rvwb, mgq = †eM
fMœvskwU = 5 (Ans)
x
M. 4 †K `kK ¯’vbxq Ges 5 †K GKK ¯’vbxq a‡i wb‡q cÖvß  MvwowUi 60 wK. wg †e‡M †h‡Z mgq jv‡M, 60 N›Uv
msL¨v = 10  4 + 5 = 45 240 − x
Zvn‡j, AvqZ‡ÿÎwU †ÿÎdj 45 eM© wgUvi Ges 40 wK. wg †e‡M †h‡Z mgq jv‡M, 40
NÈv
g‡b Kwi, cÖ¯’ y wgUvi  ˆ`N©¨ (y + 4) wgUvi x 240 −x
L. cÖkœg‡Z, 60 + 40 = 5
cÖkœg‡Z, y(y + 4) = 45 2x +3(240 −x)
ev, y2 + 4y − 45 = 0 ev, 120
=5
ev, 2x + 720 − 3x = 600 Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi Kg n‡j Zv GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ nq| myZivs
ev, 720 − x = 600 ZLb e‡M©i evû AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡¯’i mgvb nq|
ev, x = 720 − 600  x = 120 600
 x − 10 = x (i)
MvwowU 60 wK. wg †e‡M AwZµg K‡i 120 wK. wg. c_| (Ans.)
600
M. g‡b Kwi, Aci MvwowU 120 wK. wg AwZµg Ki‡Z y N›Uv L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, x −10 = x
mgq wb‡q‡Q ev, x2 −10x = 600 [Avo ¸Yb K‡i]
 MvwowUi MwZ‡eM (y + 2) wK. wg/ NÈv ev, x2 − 10x − 600 = 0
Ges AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = mgq  †eM ev, x2 − 30x + 20x − 600 = 0
cÖkœg‡Z, y(y + 2) = 120 ev, x(x − 30) + 20(x − 30) = 0
ev, y2 + 2y = 120 ev, (x − 30) (x + 20) = 0
ev, y2 + 2y − 120 = 0 nq, x − 30 = 0 A_ev, x + 20 = 0
ev, y2 + 12y −10y −120 = 0  x = 30  x = − 20
ev, y(y +12) −10(y + 12) = 0 [wKš‘ x = −20 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq, KviY ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv]
ev, (y + 12) (y −10) = 0  Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ x = 30 wgUvi
nq, y + 12 = 0 A_ev, y −10 = 0 600 600
 y = −12  y = 10
Ges cÖ¯’ = x = 30 = 20 wgUvi
wKš‘ mgq FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g 30 wgUvi I 20 wgUvi (Ans)
wb‡Y©q mgq = 10 N›Uv M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB,
 †eM = (10 + 2) wK. wg/ NÈv ev 12 wK. wg/ NÈv AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g 30 wgUvi I 20 wgUvi
MvwowUi †eM 12 wK.wg./NÈv (Ans.) AvqZvKvi Rwgi cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) GKK
œ 30  GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi †ÿÎdj 600 eM©wgUvi| Gi ˆ`N©¨
cÖk- = 2(30 + 20) wgUvi ev 100 wgUvi
10 wgUvi Kg n‡j Zv GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ nq| [Abykxjbx 5.1 I 5.2] 100
eM©vKvi gv‡Vi cwimxgv = 2 wgUvi ev 50 wgUvi
K. Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 50
L. Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4 eM©vKvi gv‡Vi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi ev 125 wgUvi
M. Rwgi cwimxgvi A‡a©K cwimxgvwewkó GKwU eM©vKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = (evû)2 eM© GKK
eM©vKvi gvV 025 eM©wgUvi eM©Kvi cv_i Øviv euvavB = (125)2 eM© wgUvi
Ki‡Z KqwU cv_i jvM‡e? 4 = 15625 eM© wgUvi
 30bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  15625 eM© wgUvi †ÿÎdj wewkó eM©vKvi gvV 025 eM©
K. g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi wgUvi eM©vKvi cv_i Øviv euvavB Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cv_i
156.25
600
Ges cÖ¯’ = x wgUvi msL¨v = 0.25 ev 625wU (Ans.)
lô Aa¨vq
†iLv, †KvY I wÎfzR AvbygvwbK wLªóc~e© 300 A‡ã wMÖK cwÊZ BDwK¬W
(325BC−265BC) R¨vwgwZi BZ¯ Í Z wewÿ ß m~Î¸‡jv‡K
Lines, Angles & Triangles wewae×fv‡e myweb¨¯ Í K‡i Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ
iPbv K‡ib| †Z‡iv L‡Ê m¤ú~Y© Kv‡jvËxY© GB ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ
MÖš’wUB AvaywbK R¨vwgwZi wfwË¯ îƒc|
A b yk xj b x 6 .1
 R¨vwgwZ
R¨vwgwZ ev ‘Geometry’ MwYZ kv‡¯¿i GKwU cÖvPxb kvLv| ‘Geometry’ kãwU wMÖK Geo-f‚wg (earth) I metrein -cwigvc (measure)
k‡ãi mgš^‡q ˆZwi| ZvB ÔR¨vwgwZÕ k‡ãi A_© Ôf‚wg cwigvcÕ| K…wlwfwËK mf¨Zvi hy‡M f‚wg cwigv‡ci cÖ‡qvR‡bB R¨vwgwZi m„wó
n‡qwQj| Z‡e R¨vwgwZ AvRKvj †Kej f‚wg cwigv‡ci Rb¨B eëüZ nq bv, eis eû RwUj MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b R¨vwgwZK Ávb
GLb Acwinvh©| cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi wb`k©b¸‡jv‡Z R¨vwgwZ PP©vi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z cÖvPxb wgk‡i AvbygvwbK Pvi
nvRvi eQi Av‡MB f‚wg Rwi‡ci Kv‡R R¨vwgwZK a¨vb-aviYv eënvi Kiv n‡Zv|
Z‡e cÖvPxb wMÖK mf¨Zvi hy‡MB R¨vwgwZK cÖYvwje× iƒcwU my¯úófv‡e jÿ Kiv hvq| wMÖK MwYZwe` †_wjm‡K cÖ_g R¨vwgwZK cÖgv‡Yi
K…wZZ¡ †`qv nq| †_wj‡mi wkl¨ wc_v‡Mvivm R¨vwgwZK Z‡Ë¡i we¯Í„wZ NUvb|
 ¯’vb, Zj, †iLv I we›`yi aviYv
Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k we¯Í„Z RMZ (Space) mxgvnxb| Gi wewfbœ AskRy‡o i‡q‡Q †QvU-eo bvbv iKg e¯‘| †QvU-eo e¯‘ ej‡Z
evjyKYv, Avjwcb, †cwÝj, KvMR, eB, †Pqvi, †Uwej, BU, cv_i, evwoNi, cvnvo, c„w_ex, MÖn-bÿÎ meB †evSv‡bv nq| wewfbœ e¯‘
¯’v‡bi †h AskRy‡o _v‡K †m ¯’vbUzKzi AvKvi, AvK…wZ, Ae¯’vb, êwkó¨ cÖf„wZ †_‡KB R¨vwgwZK a¨vb-aviYvi D™¢e|
†Kv‡bv Nbe¯‘ (Solid) †h ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i _v‡K, Zv wZb w`‡K we¯—…Z| GB wZb w`‡Ki we¯Ív‡iB e¯‘wUi wZbwU gvÎv (ˆ`N©¨,
cÖ¯’ I D”PZv) wb‡`©k K‡i| †mRb¨ Nbe¯‘B wÎgvwÎK (Three dimensional) †hgb, GKwU BU ev ev‡·i wZbwU gvÎv (ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I
D”PZv) Av‡Q| GKwU †Mvj‡Ki wZbwU gvÎv Av‡Q| Gi wZb gvÎvi wfbœZv ¯úó †evSv bv †M‡jI G‡K ˆ`N©¨ -cÖ¯’ -D”PZv wewkó L‡Ê
wef³ Kiv hvq|
Nbe¯‘i DcwifvM Zj (Surface) wb‡`©k K‡i A_©vr, cÖ‡Z¨K Nbe¯‘ GK ev GKvwaK Zj Øviv mxgve× _v‡K| †hgb, GKwU ev‡·i
QqwU c„ô QqwU mgZ‡ji cÖwZiƒc|
Zj wØgvwÎK (Two-dimensional) : Gi ïay ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv D”PZv †bB| `yBwU Zj ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j GKwU †iLv
(line) Drcbœ nq| †hgb, ev‡·i `yBwU c„ôZj ev‡·i GKav‡i GKwU †iLvq wgwjZ nq|
†iLv GKgvwÎK (one-dimensional) : Gi ïay ˆ`N©¨ Av‡Q, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv †bB| ev‡·i GKwU c„ô-Z‡ji cÖ¯’ µgk n«vm †c‡q m¤ú~Y©
k~b¨ n‡j, H Z‡ji GKwU †iLv gvÎ Aewkó _v‡K| Gfv‡e Z‡ji aviYv †_‡K †iLvi aviYvq Avmv hvq|
`yBwU †iLv ci¯úi †Q` Ki‡j we›`yi DrcwË nq| A_©vr, `yBwU †iLvi †Q`¯’vb we›`y (point) Øviv wbw`©ó nq| ev‡·i `yBwU avi †hgb,
ev‡·i GK †KvYvq GKwU we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|
mgZj R¨vwgwZ : R¨vwgwZi †h kvLvq GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z we›`y, †iLv Ges Zv‡ì
m‡½ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ R¨vwgwZK mËv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq, Zv‡K mgZj
R¨vwgwZK (Plane Geometry) ejv nq| weg~Z© R¨vwgwZK aviYv wn‡m‡e ¯’vb‡K
we›`ymg~‡ni †mU aiv nq Ges mij‡iLv I mgZj‡K GB mvwe©K †m‡Ui Dc‡mU
we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ ¯’vb, Zj, †iLv Ges we›`yi aviYv `vI| mgvavb : BDwK¬W cÖ`Ë cuvPwU ¯^xKvh© n‡jv :
DËi : ¯’vb (Space) : †h Ask Ry‡o wewfbœ e¯Íz Ae¯’vb K‡i †m ¯^xKvh© 1| GKwU we›`y †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU we›`y ch©šÍ GKwU mij‡iLv
AskB n‡”Q ¯’vb| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k we¯Í„Z RMr mxgvnxb| Gi AuvKv hvq|
wewfbœ Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q †QvU-eo bvbviKg e¯Íz| e¯Íz ej‡Z ¯^xKvh© 2| LwÊZ †iLv‡K h‡_”Qfv‡e evov‡bv hvq|
evjyKYv, Avjwcb, †cwÝj, KvMR, eB, †Pqvi, †Uwej, BU, ev·, ¯^xKvh© 3| †h‡Kv‡bv †K›`ª I †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvKv hvq|
evwoNi, cvnvo, c„w_ex, MÖn-b¶Î meB †evSvb nq| wewfbœ e¯Íz ¯^xKvh© 4| mKj mg‡KvY ci¯úi mgvb|
¯’v‡bi †h Ask Ry‡o _v‡K †m ¯’vbUzKiz AvKvi, AvK…wZ, Ae¯’vb, ¯^xKvh© 5| GKwU mij‡iLv `yBwU mij‡iLv‡K †Q` Ki‡j Ges
êwkó¨ cÖf…wZ †_‡KB R¨vwgwZK a¨vb-aviYvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q| †Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó `yB mg‡Kv‡Yi
†P‡q Kg n‡j, †iLv `yBwU‡K h‡_”Qfv‡e ewa©Z Ki‡j †hw`‡K
†Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡Kv‡Yi †P‡q Kg, †mw`‡K wgwjZ nq|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ cuvPwU AvcZb ¯^xKvh© eY©bv Ki|
mgvavb : AvcZb ¯^xKvh© : weg~Z© R¨vwgwZK aviYv wn‡m‡e ¯’vb‡K
we›`ymg~‡ni †mU aiv nq Ges mij‡iLv I mgZj‡K GB mvwe©K
†m‡Ui Dc‡mU we‡ePbv Kiv nq| GB we‡eP¨ êwkó¨mg~n‡K
wPÎ : Nbe¯Íz †_‡K ¯’v‡bi aviYv R¨vwgwZK ¯^xKvh© ejv nq| ¯^xKvh© -1 †_‡K ¯^xKvh©-5 †K AvcZb
Zj (Surface) : Nbe¯Ízi DcwifvM Zj wb‡`©k K‡i| A_©vr, cÖ‡Z¨K ¯^xKvh© ejv nq|
Nbe¯Íz GK ev GKvwaK Zj Øviv mxgve× _v‡K| †hgb, GKwU ¯^xKvh© 1| RMr (Space) mKj we›`yi †mU Ges mgZj I mij‡iLv
ev‡·i QqwU c„ô QqwU Z‡ji Ask| Z‡ji ïay ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Av‡Q, GB †m‡Ui Dc‡mU|
†Kv‡bv †ea †bB| G Kvi‡Y Zj wØgvwÎK| Zj `yB cÖKvi| h_vÑ GB ¯^xKvh© †_‡K Avgiv jÿ Kwi †h, cÖ‡Z¨K mgZj I cÖ‡Z¨K
mgZj I eµZj| mij‡iLv GK GKwU †mU, hvi Dcv`vb n‡”Q we›`y| R¨vwgwZK eY©bvq
mvaviYZ †mU cÖZx‡Ki eënvi cwinvi Kiv nq| †hgb, †Kv‡bv we›`y
GKwU mij‡iLvi (ev mgZ‡ji) AšÍfz©³ n‡j we›`ywU H mij‡iLvq
(ev mgZ‡j) Aew¯’Z A_ev, mij‡iLvwU (ev mgZjwU) H we›`y w`‡q
hvq| GKBfv‡e, GKwU mij‡iLv GKwU mgZ‡ji Dc‡mU n‡j
mij‡iLvwU H mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z, A_ev mgZjwU H mij‡iLv w`‡q
wPÎ : wewfbœ cÖKvi Zj hvq G iKg evK¨ Øviv Zv eY©bv Kiv nq|
Nbe¯Íz †_‡K Z‡ji aviYv : ¯^xKvh© 2| `yBwU wfbœ we›`yi Rb¨ GKwU I †Kej GKwU mij‡iLv
Av‡Q hv‡Z Dfq we›`y Aew¯’Z|
¯^xKvh© 3| GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z bq Ggb wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ we›`yi
Rb¨ GKwU I †Kej GKwU mgZj Av‡Q hv‡Z we›`y wZbwU Aew¯’Z|
wPÎ : Nbe¯Íz †_‡K Z‡ji aviYv ¯^xKvh© 4| †Kv‡bv mgZ‡ji `yBwU wfbœ we›`y w`‡q hvq Ggb
†iLv (Line) : `yBwU Zj ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j †Q`¯’‡j GKwU †iLv mij‡iLv H mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z|
Drcbœ nq| †hgb, ev‡·i `yBwU c„ôZj ev‡·i GKav‡i GKwU †iLvq ¯^xKvh© 5| (K) RM‡Z (Space) GKvwaK mgZj we`¨gvb|
wgwjZ nq| G †iLv GKwU mij‡iLv| †iLvi ïay ˆ`N©¨ Av‡Q, cÖ¯’ ev (L) cÖ‡Z¨K mgZ‡j GKvwaK mij‡iLv Aew¯’Z|
†ea †bB| G Kvi‡Y †iLv GKgvwÎK| †iLv `yB cÖKvi| h_vÑ (M) cÖ‡Z¨K mij‡iLvi we›`ymg~n Ges ev¯Íe msL¨vmg~n‡K Ggbfv‡e
mij‡iLv (Straight line) I eµ‡iLv (Curved line) m¤úwK©Z Kiv hvq †hb, †iLvwUi cÖ‡Z¨K we›`yi m‡½ GKwU Abb¨
ev¯Íe msL¨v mswkøó nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ev¯Íe msL¨vi m‡½ †iLvwUi
GKwU Abb¨ we›`y mswkøó nq|
wPÎ : mij‡iLv wPÎ : eµ‡iLv
cÖkœ \ 4 \ `~iZ¡ ¯^xKvh©wU eY©bv Ki|
mgvavb : wb‡P `~iZ¡ ¯^xKvh©wU eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
R¨vwgwZ‡Z `~i‡Z¡i aviYvI GKwU cÖv_wgK aviYv| G Rb¨ ¯^xKvi
wPÎ : Zj †_‡K †iLvi aviYv K‡i †bIqv nq †h,
we›`y (Point) : `yBwU †iLv ci¯úi †Q` Ki‡j we›`yi DrcwË nq| (K) P I Q we›`yhyMj GKwU Abb¨ ev¯Íe msL¨v wbw`©ó K‡i _v‡K|
A_©vr `yBwU †iLvi †Q`¯’vb we›`y Øviv wbw`©ó nq| we›`yi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ msL¨vwU‡K P we›`y †_‡K Q we›`yi `~iZ¡ ejv nq Ges PQ Øviv
I †ea †bB, ïay Ae¯’vb Av‡Q| GKwU †iLvi ˆ`N©¨ µgk n«vm †c‡q m~wPZ Kiv nq|
Ae‡k‡l k~b¨ n‡j, GKwU we›`y gvÎ Aewkó _v‡K| we›`y‡K k~b¨ (L) P I Q wfbœ we›`y n‡j PQ msL¨vwU abvZ¥K| Ab¨_vq, PQ = 0|
gvÎvi mËv e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| (M) P †_‡K Q-Gi `~iZ¡ Ges Q †_‡K P-Gi `~iZ¡ GKB| A_©vr
.
PQ = QP|
. PQ = QP nIqv‡Z GB `~iZ¡‡K mvaviYZ P we›`y I Q we›`yi
gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ ejv nq| eënvwiKfv‡e, GB `~iZ¡ c~e© wba©vwiZ
wPÎ : †iLv n‡Z we›`yi aviYv GK‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cwigvc Kiv nq|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ BDwK¬‡Wi cuvPwU ¯^xKvh© eY©bv Ki|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ iæjvi ¯^xKvh©wU eY©bv Ki| GKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 1 a‡i †bIqv nq| G‡Z †iLvwU‡Z GKwU
mgvavb : †Kv‡bv mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z we›`ymg~‡ni †mU Ges ev¯Íe msL¨vi GKK `~iZ¡ Ges GKwU abvZ¥K w`K wbw`©ó nq| GRb¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i
†m‡Ui g‡a¨ Ggbfv‡e GK-GK wgj ¯’vcb Kiv hvq, †hb †iLvwUi †bIqv nq †h, †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv AB †K Ggbfv‡e msL¨v †iLvq
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y P, Q Gi Rb¨ PQ= a – b nq, †hLv‡b wgjKi‡Yi cwiYZ Kiv hvq †h, A Gi ¯’vbv¼ 0 (k~b¨) Ges B Gi ¯’vbv¼
d‡j P I Q Gi m‡½ h_vµ‡g a I b ev¯Íe msL¨v mswk-ó nq| abvZ¥K nq| G‡K iæjvi ¯’vcb ¯^xKvh© e‡j|
GB ¯^xKv‡h© ewY©Z wgjKiY Kiv n‡j, †iLvwU GKwU msL¨v‡iLvq cÖkœ \ 8 \ ci¯úi‡Q`x mij‡iLv I mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvi msÁv `vI|
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q ejv nq| msL¨v‡iLvq P we›`yi m‡½ a msL¨vwU mswk-ó mgvavb : ci¯úi‡Q`x mij‡iLv: GKB mgZj¯’ `yBwU wfbœ
n‡j P †K a-Gi †jLwe›`y Ges a-†K P-Gi ¯’vbv¼ ejv nq| mij‡iLv‡K ci¯úi‡Q`x ejv nq, hw` Dfq‡iLvq Aew¯’Z GKwU
cÖkœ \ 6 \ msL¨v‡iLv eY©bv Ki| mvaviY we›`y _v‡K|
B
mgvavb : msL¨v‡iLv : ev¯Íe msL¨v‡K mij‡iLvi Ici we›`yi D
mvnv‡h¨ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv hvq| †h †iLvq we›`yi m‡½ msL¨vi
GK-GK wgj †`Lv‡bv nq, Zv‡K msL¨v‡iLv e‡j| mvaviY we›`y
P
a b
A B A C
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3wP‡Î AB I CD †iLvØ‡qi mvaviY we›`y P| ZvB AB I CD
P ci¯úi‡Q`x mij‡iLv|
AB Øviv GKwU Amxg †iLv m~wPZ Kiv n‡jv| mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv : GKB mgZj¯’ `yBwU wfbœ mij‡iLv‡K
msL¨v‡iLvq P we›`yi m‡½ a msL¨vwU mswkøó n‡j P †K a Gi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv ejv nq hw` Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv mvaviY we›`y bv
†jLwe›`y Ges a †K P Gi ¯’vbv¼ ejv nq| _v‡K|
†Kv‡bv mij‡iLv‡K msL¨v‡iLvq cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g †iLvwUi GKwU A ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ B
we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 0 Ges Aci GKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 1 a‡i †bIqv nq| G‡Z C ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ D
†iLvwU‡Z GKwU GKK `~iZ¡ Ges GKwU abvZ¥K w`K wbw`©ó nq| wP‡Î, AB I CD †iLvØ‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY we›`y †bB| ZvB
msL¨v‡iLvq mKj g~j` I Ag~j` msL¨vi m‡½ msL¨v‡iLv¯’ mKj AB I CD mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv|
we›`yi GK-GK wgj i‡q‡Q| a I b `yBwU Amgvb ev¯Íe msL¨v jÿYxq †h,
n‡j, nq a  b bv nq a  b n‡e, msL¨v‡iLvq a  b Gi A_©, a Gi (1) `yBwU wfbœ mij‡iLvi me©vwaK GKwU mvaviY we›`y _vK‡Z
cÖwZiƒcx we›`y b Gi cÖwZiƒcx we›`yi Wv‡b Aew¯’Z| cv‡i| KviY ¯^xKvh©-2 Abyhvqx `yB wfbœ we›`y †Kej GKwU
cÖkœ \ 7 \ iæjvi ¯’vcb ¯^xKvh©wU eY©bv Ki| mij‡iLv‡ZB Aew¯’Z _vK‡Z cv‡i|
mgavb : i“jvi ¯’vcb ¯^xKvh© : †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv‡K msL¨v †iLvq (2) GKB mgZj¯’ `yBwU wfbœ mij‡iLv nq mgvšÍivj, bv nq
cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g †iLvwUi GKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ 0 Ges Aci Zviv †Kej GK we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

1. Z‡ji cÖvšÍ n‡jv− Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K we›`y  †iLv M †KvY N wÎfzR 7.
P
2. k~b¨ gvÎvi mËv ejv nq †KvbwU‡K? A
E
B
K †iLv L Zj  we›`y N †iLvsk
F
3. R¨vwgwZK Dccv`¨ cÖgv‡Y mvaviYZ KqwU avc _v‡K? C D
4 L3 M2 N1
Q
4. wMÖK kã metron-Gi A_© wK?
wP‡Î AB || CD Ges PQ †Q`K n‡j−
K cwimxgv L cwiwgwZ  cwigvc N avi
i. PEB = EFD ii. AEF = EFD
5. iii. BEF + EFD = 2 mg‡KvY
A
 
x 2x
B D wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 8 I 9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
C A
ABC Gi cÖe„× ABC Gi gvb KZ?
GKK
K 30 L 60 M 120  300

2
E
6. †h wÎfz‡Ri− D
i. wZbwU †KvY mgvb Zv‡K mgevû wÎfzR e‡j B C
ii. wZbwU †KvY m~²‡KvY Zv‡K m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR e‡j AD = BD, AE = CE, CE = 25 GKK?
iii. GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY Zv‡K mg‡KvYx wÎfzR e‡j 8. BC = KZ GKK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 3 L4 M5 N6
9. DE = KZ GKK?
K3 L 25 M2  15 K 15  30 M 45 N 60
wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 14 Ñ 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
P A
40
R Q F E
O
10. POQ Gi c~iK †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ wWwMÖ? B

D
C
 50 L 90 M 140 N 320 Dc‡ii wP‡Î ABC Gi BC = CA = AB = 2 evûi ga¨we›`y

11. wP‡Î wb‡`©wkZ cÖe„× †KvY I POR Gi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi h_vµ‡g D, E I F|
AšÍi KZ? 14. ABC GKwU−
 180 L 270 M 280 N 320 K mg‡KvYx wÎfzR L mgwØevû wÎfzR
wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A  mgevû wÎfz R N welgevû wÎfzR
60 15. ABC Gi cwimxgv KZ GKK?
O K3 L4 6 N9
B C 16. BCEF PZzf©yR †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK?
wP‡Î AB = AC K3 L
3

3 3
N
27 3
12. BOC Gi gvb KZ? 4 4 8
K 15 L 60 M 75  120
13. OBC Gi gvb KZ?

mvaviY Av‡jvPbv K †iLv L Zj  we›`y N Aa©e„Ë
17. wLªóc~e© KZ A‡ã wMÖK cwÊZ BDwK¬W Elements eBwU †j‡Lb? (mnR)
i. Nbe¯‘ wZb w`‡K we¯Í„Z
 300 L 320 M 350 N 400
ii. cÖ‡Z¨K Nbe¯‘B wÎgvwÎK
61 : ¯’vb, Zj, †iLv I we›`yi aviYv iii. GKwU B‡Ui wZbwU gvÎv Av‡Q
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
18. Nbe¯‘i gvÎv KZ? (mnR) 30. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K0 L1 M2 3 i. †iLv n‡jv GKgvwÎK
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Nbe¯‘? (mnR)
ii. Zj n‡jv wÎgvwÎK
K e„Ë L †iLv  BU N we›`y
iii. NbK n‡jv wÎgvwÎK
20. GKwU B‡Ui gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
K0 L1 M2 3
21. dzUe‡ji KqwU gvÎv Av‡Q? (ga¨g) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

K2 3 M4 N5 31. GKwU Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N© ¨ , cÖ ¯’ I D”PZv _vK‡j Nbe¯‘wUÑ
22. hvi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Av‡Q wKš‘ D”PZv †bB Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) i. wÎgvwÎK n‡e
 Zj L ¯’vb M we›`y N †iLv ii. Nbe¯‘i DcwifvM Zj wb‡`©k K‡i
23. GKwU ev‡·i KqwU Zj Av‡Q? (mnR) iii. GKwU B‡Ui QqwU c„ô mgZ‡ji cÖwZiƒc
K1 L3 M4 6 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
24. `yBwU cwigvc †Ìqv _vK‡j †mwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU wb‡`©k
Ki‡e? (mnR)
K †iLv  Zj M we›`y N NbK
i. Z‡ji ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Av‡Q, wKš‘ †ea †bB
25. ïay ˆ`N©¨ Av‡Q, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv †bB Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (KwVb)
ii. mij‡iLvi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Av‡Q
K Zj  †iLv M eM© N wÎfzR
iii. Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ I †ea Av‡Q
26. `yBwU Zj ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j Kx Drcbœ nq? (mnR)
K we›`y  †iLv M e„Ë N †MvjK
K i I ii  i I iii
27. `ywU †iLv ci¯úi †Q` Ki‡j Kx DrcwË nq? (KwVb)
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K we›`y L †iLv M Zj  †KvY
28. †KvbwU gvÎvnxb? (mnR) 62 : BDwK¬‡Wi ¯^xKvh©
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii. mij‡iLvq GKvwaK RMr Aew¯’Z
iii. RM‡Z GKvwaK mgZj we`¨gvb
33. †KvbwUi cÖvšÍ we›`y †bB? (mnR)
 †iLv L we›`y M †iLvsk N iwk¥
34. Z‡ji cÖvšÍ‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K we›`y L †KvY  †iLv N Aa©‡MvjK
45. mgZj R¨vwgwZ‡Z−
i. mij‡iLv I mgZj, RMr †m‡Ui `yBwU Dc‡mU
35. GKwU we›`y †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU we›`y ch©šÍ KqwU mij‡iLv AuvKv hvq? (mnR)
ii. RMr mKj we›`yi †mU
1 L2 M3 N AmsL¨
iii. mij‡iLv mgZ‡ji Dc‡mU
36. BDwK¬W cÖ`Ë eY©bv n‡jv− K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. hvi †Kv‡bv Ask bvB, ZvB †iLvsk 46. P I Q we›`yhyMj GKwU Abb¨ ev¯Íe msL¨v wb‡`k© Ki‡j−
ii. †h †iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z we›`y¸‡jv GKB eivei _v‡K, ZvB mij‡iLv i. msL¨vwU‡K P we›`y †_‡K Q we›`yi `~iZ¡ ejv nq
iii. †h Z‡ji mij‡iLv¸‡jv Zvi Ici mgfv‡e _v‡K, ZvB mgZj ii. G‡K PQ Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) iii. G‡ÿ‡Î PQ ≠ QP
K i I ii L i I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii  i I ii L i I iii
37. A I B `yBwU we›`y n‡j G‡ì− M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. Øviv mij‡iLv A¼b Kiv hvq Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. ms‡hvwRZ †iLv‡K h‡_”Qfv‡e evov‡bv hvq
iii. ms‡hvM †iLvsk e¨vmva© n‡j e„Ë A¼b Kiv hvq
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 47 - 49 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
†Kv‡bv mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z we›`ymg~‡ni †mU Ges ev¯Íe msL¨vi
K i I ii L i I iii †m‡Ui g‡a¨ Ggbfv‡e GK-GK wgj ¯’vcb Kiv hvq †hb †iLvwUi
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y P, Q Gi Rb¨ PQ = | a − b |
47. G‡ÿ‡Î, a, b †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? (mnR)
63 : mgZj R¨vwgwZ  ev¯Íe L Aev¯Íe
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M †gŠwjK N Ag~j`
48. msL¨v‡iLvq P we›`yi mv‡_ a msL¨vwU mswkøó n‡j P †K a
38. weg~Z© R¨vwgwZK aviYv wn‡m‡e we›`ymg~‡ni †mU‡K Kx e‡j? (ga¨g)
Gi Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K Zj  ¯’vb M †iLv N mgZj
K ¯’vbv¼  †jLwe›`y M we¯„ÍwZ N kxl©we›`y
39. mij‡iLv GKwU †mU n‡j Zvi Dcv`vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 49. msL¨v‡iLvq P we›`yi m‡½ a msL¨vwU mswkøó n‡j a †K P
K †iLv L †iLvsk M Zj  we›`y Gi Kx e‡j? (mnR)
40. `yBwU wfbœ we›`yi Rb¨ KqwU mij‡iLv Av‡Q? (ga¨g)  ¯’vbv¼ L †jLwe›`y M kxl©we›`y N we¯Í…wZ
1 L2 M3 N4
41. GKwU mgZ‡j KqwU mij‡iLv we`¨gvb? (mnR) 64 : R¨vwgwZK cÖgvY
K0 L1 M4  AmsL¨
42. P I Q we›`y `yBwUi `~i‡Z¡i Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K PQ  QP L QP  PQ 50. m¤úv`¨ n‡jvÑ
M PQ + QP = 0  PQ = QP i. cÖgvYwbf©i cÖwZÁv ii. cÖgvYwenxb cÖwZÁv
43. P I Q `yBwU wfbœ we›`y n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) iii. A¼b Kivi cÖ¯Ívebv
K PQ = 0  PQ  0 M PQ  QP N PQ  0
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii  i I iii
44. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. cÖ‡Z¨K mgZ‡j GKvwaK mij‡iLv Aew¯’Z
wewfbœ ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

51. BDwK¬W †Kvb †`‡ki cwÊZ wQ‡jb? K wgki  wMÖK M Bsj¨vÛ N Rvg©vb
 wMÖK L BZvwj M Rvg©vwb N BD‡ivcxq 54. BDwK¬W Zvi ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ MÖ‡š’ †gvU KZwU k„•Ljve×
52. †K ÔElements' MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib? cÖwZÁvi cÖgvY w`‡q‡Qb?
K wc_v‡Mvivm L U‡jgx  BDwK¬W N eªþ¸ß K 460 L 470 M 475  465
53. †_wjm †Kvb †`‡ki MwYZwe`? 55. R¨vwgwZ MwYZ kv‡¯¿i GKwU−
K fvlv  cÖvPxb kvLv 64. we›`yi gvÎv KqwU?
M cwigv‡ci welq N MvwYwZK kvLv  k~b¨ L1 M2 N3
56. Geometry †Kvb †`kxq kã? 65. †KvbwU wØgvwÎK?
 wMÖK L Rvg©vb M †ivgvb N Bs‡iwR  Zj L †iLv M we›`y N Nbe¯‘
57. R¨vwgwZ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 66. mgZj R¨vwgwZ‡Z−
K cwigvc L f‚wg  f‚wgi cwigvc N Zj i. mij‡iLv I mgZj, RMr †m‡Ui `yBwU Dc‡mU
58. gon A_© Kx? ii. RMr mKj we›`yi †mU
 avi L KY© M cwimxgv N aviK iii. mij‡iLv mgZ‡ji Dc‡mU
59. mvaviY wbe©Pb R¨vwgwZK cÖwZÁvi †Kvb ai‡bi eY©bv? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K wPÎ wbf©i  wPÎ-wbi‡cÿ M cÖv_wgK N k~b¨ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
60. we›`yi gvÎv KqwU? 67. †h‡Kv‡bv e¯‘−
 k~b¨ L1 M2 N3 i. †iLv n‡j GKgvwÎK
61. R¨vwgwZ‡Z wPÎ A¼b Kivi cÖ¯Ívebv‡K Kx e‡j? ii. Zj n‡j wØgvwÎK
K Dccv`¨  m¤úv`¨ M Abywm×všÍ N ¯^Ztwm× iii. NbK n‡j wÎgvwÎK
62. †K R¨vwgwZ Z‡Ë¡i we¯Í„wZ NUvq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K †_wjm L M¨vwjwjI  wc_v‡Mvivm N wbDUb K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
63. †Mvj‡Ki gvÎv KqwU?
K1 L2 3 N4

œ 1  wewfbœ e¯‘ ¯’v‡bi †h Ask Ry‡o _v‡K †m ¯’vbUzKzi AvKvi,
cÖk- K. R¨vwgwZK ¯^xKvh© Kx? 2
AvK…wZ, Ae¯’vb, êwkó¨ cÖf„wZ †_‡KB R¨vwgwZK a¨vb-aviYvi D™¢e| L. `~iZ¡ ¯^xKv‡h©i eY©bv `vI| 4
K. Nbe¯‘ Kx? 2 M. †iLvs‡ki gva¨‡g `~iZ¡ ¯^xKvh©‡K wK e¨vL¨v Kiv
L. Nbe¯‘ †_‡K Kxfv‡e Z‡ji aviYvq Avmv hvq eY©bv m¤¢e? hw` m¤¢e nq e¨vL¨v `vI| 4
Ki| 4  2bs cª ‡ kœ i mgvavb 
M. Zj †_‡K Kxfv‡e †iLvi aviYvq Avmv hvq Zv eY©bv K. R¨vwgwZK †h‡Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbvq GK ev GKvwaK cÖv_wgK
Ki| 4 aviYv‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Z nq| AvaywbK R¨vwgwZ‡Z we›`y,
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mij‡iLv I mgZj‡K cÖv_wgK aviYv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i Zv‡ì
K. †h mKj e¯‘ wZbwU gvÎv A_©vr ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv wb‡`©k wKQy êwkó¨‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv nq| Avi GB ¯^xK…Z
K‡i †m¸‡jv Nbe¯‘| cÖ‡Z¨K Nbe¯‘B wÎgvwÎK| †hgb : êwkó¨¸‡jvB R¨vwgwZK ¯^xKvh© (Postulate)|
BU, cv_i, evwo-Ni, cvnvo, †Uwej BZ¨vw` Nbe¯‘| L. `~iZ¡ ¯^xKvh© : (K) P I Q we›`yhyMj GKwU Abb¨ ev¯Íe msL¨v
L. GKwU BU ev ev‡·i wZbwU gvÎv (ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv) Av‡Q| wbw`©ó K‡i _v‡K| msL¨vwU‡K P we›`y †_‡K Q we›`yi `~iZ¡ ejv
Avevi †Mvj‡KiI wZbwU gvÎv Av‡Q| GKwU ev‡·i `yBwU gvÎv nq Ges PQ Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq|
wVK †i‡L Z…Zxq gvÎv µgk n«vm K‡i k~‡b¨ cwiYZ Ki‡j (L) P †_‡K Q Gi `~iZ¡ Ges Q †_‡K P Gi `~iZ¡ GKB|
A_©vr PQ = QP PQ = QP nIqv‡Z GB `~iZ¡‡K mvaviYZ P
ev·wUi c„ô we‡kl gvÎv Aewkó _v‡K| we›`y I Q we›`yi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ ejv nq| eënvwiKfv‡e, GB
`~iZ¡ c~e© wba©vwiZ GK‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cwigvc Kiv nq|
M. GKwU †iLvs‡ki gva¨‡g `~iZ¡ ¯^xKvh©‡K e¨vL¨v †Ìqv m¤¢e|
Gfv‡e Nbe¯‘ †_‡K Z‡ji aviYvq Avmv hvq| GKwU ev‡·i e¨vL¨v wbgœiƒcÑ
DcwifvM mgZj Ges GKwU †Mvj‡Ki DcwifvM eµZj| P Q
g‡b Kwi, P †_‡K Q we›`yi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ a cm. myZivs, PQ
M. `yBwU Zj ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j GKwU †iLvi m„wó nq| †hgb,
Gi `~iZ¡ GKwU Abb¨ ev¯Íe msL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i|
ev‡·i `yBwU DcwiZj ev‡·i GKav‡i GKwU †iLvq wgwjZ
P I Q wfbœ we›`y e‡j PQ `~iZ¡ GKwU abvZ¥K msL¨v| Avevi,
nq| GB †iLv GKwU mij‡iLv|
P I Q GKB we›`y n‡j G‡ì gaëZ©x †Kv‡bv `~iZ¡ _vK‡Zv
bv| myZivs, PQ = 0 n‡Zv|
Avevi, GKwU †jey‡K GKwU cvZjv Qywi w`‡q KvU‡j Qywii P †_‡K Q Gi `~iZ¡ hZ Q †_‡K P Gi `~iZ¡ GKB A_©vr a cm
mgZj †jeyi eµZj‡K †hLv‡b †Q` K‡i †mLv‡b GKwU nq| (†¯‹‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †g‡c)| A_©vr PQ = QP|
eµ‡iLv Drcbœ nq| œ 3  R¨vwgwZ MwYZ kv‡¯¿i GKwU cÖvPxb kvLv| ïay f‚wg
cÖk-
œ 2  †h‡Kv‡bv MvwYwZK Av‡jvPbvq GK ev GKvwaK cÖv_wgK cwigvcB bq eis eû RwUj MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b GB Ávb GLb
cÖk-
aviYv ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Z nq| eZ©gvb mg‡q R¨vwgwZ‡Z wKQy aviYv Acwinvh©|
¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q|
K. AvaywbK R¨vwgwZi wfwË Kx? 2 5 hvi †Kej ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Av‡Q, ZvB Zj|
L. we›`y, †iLv I Zj m¤ú‡K© BDwK¬‡Wi aviYv †jL| 4 6 Z‡ji cÖvšÍ n‡jv †iLv|
M. we›`y, †iLv I Zj m¤úwK©Z BDwK¬‡Wi ¯^Ztwm×¸‡jv 7 †h Z‡ji mij‡iLv¸‡jv Zvi Ici mgfv‡e _v‡K, ZvB mgZj|
†jL| 4
M. we›`y, †iLv I Zj m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡Z wM‡q BDwK¬W wKQy cÖv_wgK
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  aviYv ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| G¸‡jv‡K wZwb ¯^Ztwm× (Axioms)
K. AvbygvwbK wLªóc~e© 300 A‡ã wMÖK cwÊZ BDwK¬W R¨vwgwZi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| BDwK¬W cÖ`Ë ¯^Ztwm×¸‡jv wbgœiƒc :
BZ¯ÍZ wewÿß m~Î¸‡jv‡K wewae×fv‡e myweb¨¯Í K‡i Zuvi 1 †h mKj e¯‘ GKB e¯‘i mgvb, †m¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb|
weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ iPbv K‡ib| †Z‡iv L‡Ê m¤ú~Y© 2 mgvb mgvb e¯‘i mv‡_ mgvb e¯‘ †hvM Kiv n‡j †hvMdj
Kv‡jvËxY© GB ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ MÖš’wUB AvaywbK R¨vwgwZi wfwË| mgvb|
L. BDwK¬W we›`y, †iLv, Zj m¤ú‡K© †h eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Zv wbgœiƒc : 3 mgvb mgvb e¯‘ †_‡K mgvb e¯‘ we‡qvM Kiv n‡j
1 hvi †Kv‡bv Ask †bB, ZvB we›`y| we‡qvMdj mgvb|
2 †iLvi cÖvšÍ we›`y †bB| 4 hv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wg‡j hvq, Zv ci¯úi mgvb|
3 hvi †Kej ˆ`N©¨ Av‡Q wKš‘ cÖ¯’ I D”PZv †bB, ZvB 5 c~Y© Zvi As‡ki †P‡q eo|
†iLv|
4 †h †iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z we›`y¸‡jv GKB eivei _v‡K, ZvB mij‡iLv|

œ 4  AvbygvwbK wLª÷c~e© 300 A‡ã wMÖK cwÊZ BDwK¬W K. R¨vwgwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
cÖk- 2
R¨vwgwZi BZ¯Íi wewÿß m~Î¸‡jv‡K wewae× myweb¨¯Í K‡i Zuvi L. Zj, †iLv I we›`y m¤ú‡K© BDwK¬‡Wi eY©bv¸‡jv wjL| 4
weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ iPbv K‡ib| †Zi L‡Ê m¤ú~Y© Kv‡jvËxY© G M. ÔLÕ Gi Av‡jv‡K BDwK¬‡Wi ¯^Ztwm×¸‡jv wjL| 4
ÔBwj‡g›UmÕ MÖš’wU AvaywbK R¨vwgwZi wfwË¯îƒc| DËi : wb‡R †Póv Ki|
A b yk xj b x 6 .2
 †iLv, iwk¥, †iLvsk
mgZjxq R¨vwgwZi ¯^xKvh© Abyhvqx mgZ‡j mij‡iLv we`¨gvb wP‡Î, AB iwk¥, cÖvšÍwe›`y A †_‡K AB Gi wecixZ w`‡K
hvi cÖwZwU we›`y mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z| g‡b Kwi, mgZ‡j AB AC iwk¥ AuvKv n‡q‡Q| AC I AB iwk¥Øq Zv‡ì mvaviY
cÖvšÍwe›`y A †Z BAC Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| BAC †K mij
GKwU mij‡iLv Ges †iLvwUi Dci Aew¯’Z GKwU we›`y C| C
†KvY e‡j| mij †Kv‡Yi cwigvc `yB mg‡KvY ev 180|
we›`y‡K A I B we›`yi AšÍe©Z©x ejv nq hw` A, C I B GKB  mwbœwnZ †KvY : hw` mgZ‡j `yBwU †Kv‡Yi GKB kxl©we›`y nq
mij‡iLvi wfbœ wfbœ we›`y nq Ges AC + CB = AB nq| A, C I Zv‡ì GKwU mvaviY iwk¥ _v‡K Ges †KvYØq mvaviY iwk¥i
wecixZ cv‡k Ae¯’vb K‡i, Z‡e H †KvYØq‡K mwbœwnZ †KvY e‡j|
I B we›`y wZbwU‡K mg‡iL we›`yI ejv nq| A I B Ges G‡ì
AšÍe©Z©x mKj we›`yi †mU‡K A I B we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
ev ms‡ÿ‡c AB †iLvsk ejv nq| A I B we›`yi AšÍe©Z©x
cÖ‡Z¨K we›`y‡K †iLvs‡ki AšÍt¯’ we›`y ejv nq|
wP‡Î, A we›`ywU BAC I CAD Gi kxl©we›`y|
 †KvY : mgZ‡j `yBwU iwk¥i cÖvšÍwe›`y GKB n‡j †KvY ˆZwi nq| iwk¥ A we›`y BAC I CAD DrcbœKvix iwk¥¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AC
`yBwU‡K †Kv‡Yi evû Ges Zv‡ì mvaviY we›`y‡K kxl©we›`y e‡j| mvaviY iwk¥| †KvY `yBwU mvaviY iwk¥ AC Gi wecixZ cv‡k
Aew¯’Z| BAC Ges CAD ci¯úi mwbœwnZ †KvY|
 j¤^, mg‡KvY : GKwU mij‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK‡K j¤^ Ges
mswkøó mwbœwnZ †Kv‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K mg‡KvY e‡j|
wP‡Î, OP I OQ iwk¥Øq Zv‡ì mvaviY cÖvšÍwe›`y O †Z

POQ Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| O we›`ywU POQ Gi kxl©we›`y|
 mij †KvY : `yBwU ci¯úi wecixZ iwk¥ Zv‡ì mvaviY
cÖvšÍwe›`y‡Z †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡K mij †KvY e‡j|
wP‡Î, BAD mij‡KvY A we›`y‡Z AC iwk¥ Øviv Drcbœ mg‡KvY, †Kbbv AOB GKwU mij‡KvY| AOC Ges
BAC I CAD mwbœwnZ †KvY `yBwUi cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY COB ci¯úi m¤ú~iK †KvY|
Ges BD I AC evûØq ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^|  wecÖZxc †KvY : †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi evûØ‡qi wecixZ iwk¥Øq †h
 m~²‡KvY I ¯’~j‡KvY : GK mg‡KvY †_‡K †QvU †KvY‡K †KvY ˆZwi K‡i Zv H †Kv‡Yi wecÖZxc †KvY|
m~²‡KvY Ges GK mg‡KvY †_‡K eo wKš‘ `yB mg‡KvY
†_‡K †QvU †KvY‡K ¯’~j‡KvY ejv nq|
wP‡Î OA I OB ci¯úi wecixZ iwk¥| Avevi, OC I OD

ci¯úi wecixZ iwk¥|
wP‡Î AOC m~²‡KvY Ges AOD ¯’~j‡KvY| GLv‡b AOB  BOD I AOC ci¯úi wecÖZxc †KvY| Avevi BOC
GK mg‡KvY| I DOA GKwU AciwUi wecÖZxc †KvY| `yBwU mij‡iLv
 cÖe„× †KvY : `yB mg‡KvY †_‡K eo wKš‘ Pvi mg‡KvY †_‡K †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j, †Q` we›`y‡Z `yB †Rvov
†QvU †KvY‡K cÖe„× †KvY e‡j| wP‡Î wPwýZ AOC cÖe„× †KvY| wecÖZxc †KvY Drcbœ nq|
 mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv : GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z `yBwU mij‡iLvi

A
mgvšÍivjZv wb‡P ewY©Z wZbfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq :
K. mij‡iLv `yBwU KLbI ci¯úi‡K †Q` K‡i bv (`yB w`‡K
O Amxg ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jI)|
C
L. GKwU mij‡iLvi cÖwZwU we›`y AciwU †_‡K mgvb ¶z`ªZg

`~i‡Z¡ Ae¯’vb K‡i|
 c~iK †KvY : `yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj 1 mg‡KvY n‡j M. mij‡iLv `yBwU‡K Aci GKwU mij‡iLv †Q` Ki‡j hw`
†KvY `yBwUi GKwU AciwUi c~iK †KvY| GKvšÍi †KvY ev Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv mgvb nq|
A msÁv (K) Abymv‡i GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z `yBwU mij‡iLv
C
G‡K Aci‡K †Q` bv Ki‡j †m¸‡jv mgvšÍivj| `yBwU
mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †iLvsk wb‡j,
†iLvsk `yBwUI ci¯úi mgvšÍivj nq|
O B msÁv (L) Abymv‡i `yBwU mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvi GKwUi
wP‡Î, AOB GKwU mg‡KvY| OC iwk¥ †KvYwUi evûØ‡qi Af¨šÍ‡i †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K AciwUi j¤^-`~iZ¡ me©`v mgvb| j¤^-
Aew¯’Z| Gi d‡j AOC Ges COB GB `yBwU †KvY Drcbœ n‡jv| `~iZ¡ ej‡Z Zv‡ì GKwUi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y n‡Z AciwUi Dci
†KvY `yBwUi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj AOB Gi cwigv‡ci mgvb, A_©vr 1 Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨‡KB †evSvq| Avevi wecixZfv‡e, `yBwU
mg‡KvY| AOC Ges COB ci¯úi c~iK †KvY| mij‡iLvi GKwUi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`y †_‡K AciwUi j¤^-
 m¤ú~iK †KvY : `yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj 2 mg‡KvY `~iZ¡ ci¯úi mgvb n‡jI †iLvØq mgvšÍivj| GB j¤^-`~iZ¡‡K
n‡j †KvY `yBwU ci¯úi m¤ú~iK †KvY| `yBwU mgvšÍivj †iLvØ‡qi `~iZ¡ ejv nq|
C
msÁv (M) BDwK¬‡Wi cÂg ¯^xKv‡h©i mgZzj¨| R¨vwgwZK cÖgvY
I A¼‡bi Rb¨ G msÁvwU AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx|
A
jÿKwi, †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z bq Giƒc
O B
we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q H mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj K‡i GKwU gvÎ
AB GKwU mij‡iLvi O AšÍt¯’ GKwU we›`y| OC GKwU mij‡iLv AuvKv hvq|
iwk¥ hv OA iwk¥ I OB iwk¥ †_‡K wfbœ| Gi d‡j AOC
Ges COB GB `yBwU †KvY Drcbœ n‡jv| †KvY `yBwUi
cwigv‡ci †hvMdj AOB †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci mgvb, A_©vr 2

cÖkœ \ 1 \ †Kv‡Yi Af¨šÍi I ewnf©v‡Mi msÁv `vI| . Q ewnf©vM B
mgvavb : †Kv‡Yi Af¨šÍi : †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †KvY, †hgb, BAC
 
Gi Af¨šÍi n‡jv AB Gi C cv‡k¦© Ges AC Gi B cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z
mgZ‡ji mKj we›`yi †mU| . S ewnf©vM A . P Af¨šÍi
†Kv‡Yi ewnf©vM : †KvYwUi Af¨šÍ‡i A_ev †Kv‡bv evû‡Z Aew¯’Z
bq, mgZj¯’ Ggb mKj we›`yi †mU‡K Zvi ewnf©vM ejv nq|
wP‡Î, P we›`y BAC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i Ges Q, S I R we›`y Zvi . R ewnf©vM C
ewnf©v‡M Aew¯’Z| cÖkœ \ 2 \ hw` GKB mij‡iLv¯’ wZbwU wfbœ we›`y nq, Z‡e wP‡Îi
Drcbœ †KvY¸‡jvi bvgKiY Ki|
mgvavb :
A
P A B C Q C
(90−x)
wP‡Î, PQ mij‡iLv¯’ A, B I C wZbwU wfbœ we›`y|
Avgiv Rvwb, `yBwU ci¯úi wecixZ iwk¥ Zv‡ì mvaviY cÖvšÍwe›`y‡Z x
mij‡KvY ˆZwi K‡i| O B
wP‡Î, AQ iwk¥i cÖvšÍwe›`y A †_‡K AQ Gi wecixZ w`‡K AP wP‡Î, AOB GKwU mg‡KvY| OC iwk¥ †KvYwUi evûØ‡qi
iwk¥| AP I AQ iwk¥Øq Zv‡ì mvaviY cÖvšÍwe›`y A †Z PAQ Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z| Gi d‡j AOC Ges COB GB `yBwU †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i| PAQ GK mij‡KvY| Abyiƒcfv‡e, B I C we›`y‡Z Drcbœ n‡jv| †KvY `yBwUi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj AOB Gi cwigv‡ci
PBQ Ges PCQ Drcbœ K‡i| Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mij‡KvY| mgvb, A_©vr 1 mg‡KvY| AOC Ges COB ci¯úi c~iY †KvY|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ mwbœwnZ †Kv‡Yi msÁv `vI Ges Gi evû¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| m¤ú~iK †KvY : `yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj 2 mg‡KvY n‡j
mgvavb : hw` mgZ‡j `yBwU †Kv‡Yi GKB kxl©we›`y nq I Zv‡ì †KvY `yBwU ci¯úi m¤ú~iK †KvY|
GKwU mvaviY iwk¥ _v‡K Ges †KvYØq mvaviY iwk¥i wecixZ cv‡k
Ae¯’vb K‡i, Z‡e H †KvYØq‡K mwbœwnZ †KvY e‡j| (180−x)
x
GKwU mij‡iLvi O AšÍt¯’ GKwU we›`y| OC GKwU iwk¥ hv

AB
D
iwk¥ I OB iwk¥ †_‡K wfbœ| Gi d‡j AOC Ges COB
OA
GB `yBwU †KvY Drcbœ n‡jv| †KvY `yBwUi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj
wP‡Î, A we›`ywU BAC I CAD Gi kxl©we›`y| AOB †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci mgvb, A_©vr 2 mg‡KvY, †Kbbv AOB
A we›`y BAC I CAD DrcbœKvix iwk¥¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AC mvaviY GKwU mij‡KvY| AOC Ges COB ci¯úi m¤ú~iK †KvY|
iwk¥| †KvY `yBwU mvaviY iwk¥ AC Gi wecixZ cv‡k Aew¯’Z| mg‡KvY : GKwU mij‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK‡K j¤^ Ges mswkøó
BAC Ges CAD ci¯úi mwbœwnZ †KvY| mwbœwnZ †Kv‡Yi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K mg‡KvY e‡j|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ wPÎmn msÁv `vI : wecÖZxc †KvY, c~iK †KvY, m¤ú~iK
†KvY, mg‡KvY, m~²‡KvY Ges ¯’~j‡KvY|
mgvavb : wecÖZxc †KvY : †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi evûØ‡qi wecixZ iwk¥Øq
†h †KvY ˆZwi K‡i Zv H †Kv‡Yi wecÖZxc †KvY|
wP‡Î, BAD mij‡KvY A we›`y‡Z AC iwk¥ Øviv Drcbœ BAC I
CAD mwbœwnZ †KvY `yBwUi cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY Ges BD I AC
evûØq ci¯ú‡ii Dci j¤^|
m~²‡KvY I ¯’~j‡KvY : GK mg‡KvY †_‡K †QvU †KvY‡K m~²‡KvY
Ges GK mg‡KvY †_‡K eo wKš‘ `yB mg‡KvY †_‡K †QvU †KvY‡K
wP‡Î, OA I OB ci¯úi wecixZ iwk¥| Avevi, OC I OD ci¯úi ¯’~j‡KvY ejv nq|
wecixZ iwk¥| BOD I AOC ci¯úi wecÖZxc †KvY| Avevi
BOC I DOA GKwU AciwUi wecÖZxc †KvY| `yBwU mij‡iLv
†Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j, †Q` we›`y‡Z `yB †Rvov
wecÖZxc †KvY Drcbœ nq|
c~iK †KvY : `yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj 1 mg‡KvY n‡j †KvY
`yBwUi GKwU AciwUi c~iK †KvY| wP‡Î AOC m~²‡KvY Ges AOD ¯’~j‡KvY| GLv‡b AOB
GK mg‡KvY|

1. 20 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K KZ? A
K 35 L 70  80 N 160 O 30
2. m~²‡Kv‡Yi c~iK †KvY †KvbwU? C D
K mij‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY
B
M mg‡KvY  m~²‡KvY
Dc‡ii wP‡Î AOC + BOD = KZ wWwMÖ?
3. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡Kv‡Yi †hvMdj KZ? K 320  300
K 45 L 80  90 N 180 M 270 N 250
4. 5. wb‡Pi wP‡Îi BOC Gi mwbœwnZ †KvY †KvbwU?
D 9. ABC I DEF me©mg n‡e hw`−
C
i. AB = DE, BC = EF Ges AC = DF nq
ii. AB = DE, BC = EF Ges B = E nq
A B
O iii. A = D, B = E Ges C = F nq
K AOD  COD wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M BOD N ADC  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
6. ABC Gi B = 40, C = 60 Ges B I C Gi cÖ`Ë wP‡Î Abyhvqx 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
mgwØLÊKØq O we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, BOC Gi gvb KZ? S
R
K 40 L 50
M 80  130 P Q
7. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvYØ‡qi AšÍi 8 n‡j, Gi ¶z`ªZg O
10. GK mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb †KvY †KvbwU?
†KvYwUi gvb KZ?
 POS L QOR
K 8  41 M 49 N 82 M ROS N POR
8. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû h_vµ‡g− 11. QOR -Gi c~iK †KvY †KvbwU?
i. 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm ii. 5 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm K QOS L POR
iii. 6 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm  ROS N POS

†iLv, iwk¥, †iLvsk mij‡iLvi `yBwU cÖvšÍ we›`y _v‡K
ii.
GKwU we›`y †_‡K GKvwaK iwk¥ AuvKv hvq
iii.
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
12. P I Q we›`yi AšÍe©Z©x cÖ‡Z¨K we›`y‡K PQ †iLvs‡ki Kx ejv nq?
(mnR) 22. †Kv‡bv †iLvi †ÿ‡Î-
K ewnt¯’ we›`y  AšÍt¯’ we›`y M †Q`we›`y i. ˆ`N©¨ Av‡Q ii. cÖ¯’ †bB
N cÖvß we›`y
iii. ˆ`N© ¨, cÖ ¯’ I †ea Av‡Q
13. GKwU mij‡iLvi Ici we›`y¸‡jv †Kgb n‡e? (mnR)
K iwk¥ L †iLvsk M Amg we›`y  mg‡iL we›`y
14. †iLvi GKwU Ask‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) 23. A B C
K eµ‡iLv L mij †iLv  †iLvsk N iwk¥ wP‡Î AšÍe©Z©x we›`yi †ÿ‡Î−
15. †iLvs‡ki KqwU cÖvšÍ we›`y Av‡Q? (mnR) i. AC + CB = AB ii. AB − AC = BC
iii. A, C I B mg‡iL wfbœ we›`y
K1 2 M3 N AmsL¨
16. a b Øviv wb‡Pi †KvbwUi wb‡`© k †evSvq?
K †iLv  iwk¥ M †iLvsk N eµ‡iLv
17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i? †KvY
K A L A M A B 
B B A B mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
18. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †iLvsk? (mnR) 24. OP I OQ iwk¥i cÖvšÍwe›`y O n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU ˆZwi nq? (ga¨g)
 A L A M A B N A K †iLv  †KvY M we›`y N iwk¥
B B B
19. AC + CB = AB n‡j C wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
25. `y B wU ci¯úi wecixZ iwk¥ Zv‡ì mvaviY cÖ všÍwe›`y‡Z †h
†KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K Kx †KvY e‡j? (mnR)
K mgwe›`y L ga¨we›`y  AšÍt¯’ we›`y N
K mwbœwnZ †KvYL mg‡KvY  mij †KvY N c~iK †KvY
†KvY 26. mij †Kv‡Yi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 30 L 60 M 90  180
27. GKwU mij †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
20. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K we›`y L †iLv  j¤^ N †KvY
i. †iLvi cÖvšÍwe›`y _v‡K ii. †iLvs‡ki ˆ`N©¨ wbw`©ó 28. mij‡iLvi Dci GKwU j¤^ A¼b Ki‡j Gi GKwU †KvY Kx
iii. iwk¥i GKwUgvÎ cÖvšÍwe›`y Av‡Q n‡e? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K m~²‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY  mg‡KvY N mij‡KvY
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 29. †h †Kv‡Yi wWwMÖ cwigvc 90 †_‡K †QvU Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (ga¨g)
21. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :  m~²‡KvY L mg‡KvY M mij‡KvY N ¯’~j‡KvY
i. GKwU iwk¥i GKwU gvÎ cÖvšÍ we›`y _v‡K 30.
x
C i. XYO m~²‡KvY O
ii. OYZ ¯’~j‡KvY
A O B iii. NYZ mij‡KvY N Z
Y
wP‡Î, O we›`y‡Z Drcbœ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó KZ? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K GK mg‡KvY  `yB mg‡KvY K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M wZb mg‡KvY N Pvi mg‡KvY 43. wP‡ÎÑ
31. mij‡iLvi Dci GKwU iwk¥ A¼b Ki‡j Gi GKwU †KvY 45
n‡j Aci †KvYwU Kx n‡e? (mnR) O A
K m~²‡KvY  ¯’~j‡KvY M mg‡KvY N mij‡KvY
32. GKwU †Kv‡Yi cwigvY 181 n‡j G‡K Kx †KvY e‡j? (mnR)
C
 cÖe„× †KvY L m~²‡KvY M ¯’~j‡KvY N mg‡KvY
e¨vL¨v : `yB mg‡KvY †_‡K eo †KvY‡K cÖe„× †KvY e‡j| i. wPwýZ AOC cÖe„× †KvY
33. 15 †Kv‡Yi c~iK †KvY KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR) ii. wPwýZ AOC > 180
 75 L 105 M 165 N 195 iii. wPwýZ AOC < 180
e¨vL¨v : 15 †Kv‡Yi c~iK †KvY = 90 - 15 = 75 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
34. `yBwU †Kv‡Yi mgwó GK mg‡KvY n‡j †KvY `yBwU ci¯ú‡ii  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Kx †KvY? (mnR)
44. wb‡Pi †Kvb `yBwU †KvY ci¯úi m¤ú~iK †KvY?
K m~² L ¯’~j  c~iK N m¤ú~iK
i. 100 Ges 80 ii. 110 Ges 70
35.
A 
iii. 120 Ges 60 
D wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
O B C e¨vL¨v : `yBwU †Kv‡Yi mgwó hw` 180 ev `yB mg‡KvY nq, Z‡e Zv‡ì
wP‡Î DBC Gi m¤ú~iK †KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) m¤ú~iK †KvY e‡j|
K ABD L ABC M OBC  DBO
36. †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi evûØ‡qi wecixZ iwk¥Øq †h †KvY ˆZwi K‡i Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Zv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 45 − 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 wecÖZxc †KvY L m¤ú~iK M mg‡KvY N mij †KvY `yBwU iwk¥ Øviv Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi gvb 60|
37. `yBwU mij‡KvY ci¯úi †Q` Ki‡j Drcbœ wecÖZxc †KvY¸‡jv 45. D³ †Kv‡Yi mv‡_ wb‡Pi KZ wWwMÖ †KvY †hvM Ki‡j Zv cÖe„×
ci¯úi Kx n‡e? (mnR) †KvY n‡e? (ga¨g)
 mgvb L mg‡KvY M Amgvb N mij †KvY K 30 L 90 M 120  135
38. 60 †Kv‡Yi wecÖZxc †KvY KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : 60 + 135 = 195, hv `yB mg‡KvY (180) A‡cÿv †ewk A_©vr cÖe„×|
K0 L 45  60 N 90
46. GK mg‡KvY n‡Z Avi KZ wWwMÖ †KvY cÖ‡qvRb? (mnR)
39. x Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR)  30 L 60 M 120 N 150
47. GB †KvY‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K mg‡KvY  m~²‡KvY M ¯’~j‡KvY N cÖe„×‡KvY
x  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 48 − 50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
60 45 GKwU m~²‡Kv‡Yi gvb 45|
K 60 L 70  75 N 90
48. †KvYwUi c~iK †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : 60 + x + 45 = 180 ev, x = 180 - 105 = 75  45 L 60 M 80 N 90
49. †KvYwUi m¤ú~iK †KvY KZ? (mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 145  135 M 60 N 45
40. mwbœwnZ †Kv‡Yi êwkó¨ n‡jv− 50. †KvYwUi wecÖZxc †Kv‡Yi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
i. kxl© we›`y Awfbœ K 90 L 75  45 N 35
ii. †KvYØq ci¯úi mwbœwnZ  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 51 − 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
C B
iii. mvaviY evûi GKB cv‡k Aew¯’Z
a
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) a a
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii D A
0
41. cv‡ki wP‡ÎÑ 60 b
i. CAD < 90 D
C E
ii. CAD = 90 − x 51. a Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
iii. BAC + CAD = 90 x K 30  60 M 90 N 180
A B e¨vL¨v : AOD = 180
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) ev, AOB + BOC + COD = 180
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ev, 3a = 180 ev, a = 60
42. wP‡Î NZ mgZj XY ⊥ NZ Ges GKwU iwk¥ YO n‡j− 52. b Gi wecÖZxc †KvY †KvbwU? (mnR)
K AOB L DOC M BOE  DOB
53. cÖe„× AOE Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g) y = z = 150  x + y = 180
K 150 L 180  240 N 270 ev, x + 150 = 180  x = 180 − 150 = 30
e¨vL¨v : AOE = a + a + a + 60 = 3a + 60 = 360 + 60 62.
= 4  60 = 240 A
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 54 − 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : x P

C D
B
C 120
C C
E F
Q
B
A B D A B n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
O A O
K 30  60 M 65 N 90
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3
e¨vL¨v : x = AQE (Abyiƒc †KvY)
54. wPÎ-1 G AOC I BOC ci¯úi Kx †KvY wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR) AQE = 180 − 120 = 60  x = 60
K mg‡KvY  c~iK †KvY M m¤ú~iK †KvY N ¯’~j †KvY 63.
55. wPÎ-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) D F
 BAC = DAC L BAC + DAC = 90 x+20
M BAC ≠ DAC N BAD = BAC A B
56. wPÎ-2 wb‡`©wkZ †KvY `ywU kbv³ Ki? (mnR) O
x+10
M
K c~iK †KvY L ¯’~j †KvY M m~²‡KvY  mg‡KvY E
C
57. wPÎ-3 Øviv wb‡`©wkZ AOC I BOC ci¯úi Kx †KvY wP‡Î CD EF Ges AB Zv‡ì †Q`K n‡j DOM = KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡`©k K‡i? (KwVb)
 85 L 78 M 77 N 76
K mg‡KvY L mij †KvY  m¤ú~iK N c~iK †KvY
58. wPÎ-1 Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 AOC + BOC = 90 L AOC = BOC 64.
M AOC + BOC = 180 N AOB  90 F
P
64 : mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv A

1 2
B
3 4
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 5 6
C D
59. 7 8 Q
P
E
M 65 i. 1 Ges 5, 2 Ges 6 ci¯úi Abyiƒc †KvY
A B
ii. 3 Ges 6, 4 Ges 5 ci¯úi GKvšÍi †KvY
iii. 1, 4, 6 AšÍt¯’ †KvY
C D
N wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
Q  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wP‡Î AB CD Ges PQ Zv‡ì †Q`K, Zvn‡j CNM = KZ? (ga¨g) 65. GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z `yBwU mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv−
K 65 L 105 M 110  115 i. ci¯úi‡K †Q` K‡i bv
60. wP‡Îi †Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ ii. Gi †Q` †iLv Øviv Drcbœ GKvšÍi I Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv
mgvb
iii. Gi cÖwZwU we›`y AciwU †_‡K mgvb ¶z`ªZg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z

 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
66. `yBwU mgvšÍivj †iLvi †Q`K Øviv Drcbœ −
i. GKvšÍi I Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv mgvb
†KvYØ‡qi †hvMdj KZ wWwMÖ? (KwVb)
ii. †Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvY `yBwU m¤ú~iK
 180 L 120 M 90 N 60
e¨vL¨v : `yBwU mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvi GKwU †Q`K Øviv Drcbœ †Q`‡Ki GKB iii. †Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvYØq mgvb
cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó 180| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
61.  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
A C
150
E z xy F  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 67 − 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wP‡Î PQ || RS Ges AB Zv‡ì †Q`K| C I D we›`yØq PQ I RS
B D †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z|
wP‡Î AB CD n‡j x = KZ? (ga¨g)
K 150  30 M 35 N 130
e¨vL¨v : z = 150 (wecÖZxc e‡j)
A  DCQ, CDS N SDC, PCD
C
68. PCD Gi GKvšÍi †KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
P Q K CDR  CDS M ADR N ACQ
D
69. Abyiƒc †KvY wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov? (KwVb)
R S  ACQ, SDC L PCD, CDS
M PCD, QCD N ACQ, PCD
B
67. wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov †Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvY? (KwVb)
K CDR, CDS L QCD, RDS
wewfbœ ¯‹z‡ji wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

70. 45 †Kv‡Yi wecÖZxc †KvY KZ? 84. `yB mg‡KvY †_‡K eo wKš‘ Pvi mg‡KvY †_‡K †QvU
K 0  45 M 90 N 180 †KvY‡K Kx †KvY e‡j?
71. A = x Ges B n‡jv A Gi c~iK †KvY|B = ? K m~²‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY M mg‡KvY  cÖe„×‡KvY
K x L y M 90 + x  90 − x 85. 60 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY KZ ?
72. ci¯úi‡”Q`x `ywU mij‡iLv †Q`we›`y‡Z †h PviwU †KvY Drcbœ K 30 L 60 M 90  120
K‡i Zv‡ì wWwMÖ cwigv‡ci mgwó KZ? 86. 50 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY KZ ?
 360 L 180 M 90 N 0
73. K 60  130 M 150 N 90
 87. 50 †Kv‡Yi c~iK †KvY KZ?
A B  40 L 130 M 150 N 90
wP‡Î AB †K Kx e‡j? 88. 50 †Kv‡Yi cÖe„× †KvY KZ?
K AB mij †iLv L AB †iLvsk K 40 L 130  310 N 180
 AB iwk¥ N AB eµ‡iLv 89.
74. `ywU †iLv ci¯úi †Q` Ki‡j Kx Drcbœ nq? F
D
K we›`y L †iLv M Zj  †KvY
?
75. wP‡Î AOC †K Kx †KvY ejv nq? A
O
B
30 60
O A D

C C E
B wP‡Î DOF = KZ?
cÖe„× †KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY M mg‡KvY
 N m~²‡KvY
 90 L 60 M 150 N 160
76. m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi GKwUi cwigvc 120 n‡j AciwU KZ? 90. 60 †Kv‡Yi îwLK m¤ú~iK †KvY KZ wWwMÖ?
K 40 L 50  60 N 90 K 90 L 30  120 N 180
77. îwLK hyMj †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? 91.
K 100  180 M 120 N 130 P
78. wb‡Pi †Kvb `yBwU †iLv ci¯úi †Q` K‡i bv? 150
 mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv L eµ‡iLv A B
E
M Abyiƒc †KvY N wecÖZxc †KvY
79. i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| KY©Ø‡qi C D
F
AšÍf©y³ †KvY− 0
K m~²‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY M mij‡KvY  mg‡KvY Dc‡ii wPÎ Abyhvqx EFD Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
80. A I B ci¯úi c~iK Ges A = B n‡j B = ? K 150 L 60  30 N 45
K 60 L 90  45 N 30 92. wb‡Pi †Kvb `yBwU †iLv ci¯úi †Q` K‡i bv?
81. 180 − x †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY KZ wWwMÖ?  mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv L eµ‡iLv
K 90  x M 180 N x + 90 M Abyiƒc †KvY N wecÖZxc †KvY
82. 15 Gi c~iK †KvY †KvbwU? 93. mgZ‡j `yBwU iwk¥i cÖvšÍwe›`y GKB n‡j Kx ˆZwi nq?
K 165  75 M 345 N 345  †KvY L †iLvsk M iwk¥ N we›`y
83. 94. GKB mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z `yBwU mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv−
A D i. ci¯úi‡K †Q` K‡i bv
ii. Gi cÖwZwU we›`y AciwU †_‡K mgvb ¶z`ªZg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z
iii. Gi †Q`‡iLv Øviv Drcbœ GKvšÍi I Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv
O mgvb
C B K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wP‡Î BOC Gi mwbœwnZ †KvY KqwU _vK‡Z cv‡i? 95. `yBwU mij‡iLv Aci GKwU mij‡iLv‡K †Q` Ki‡j−
K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU i. GKvšÍi †KvY mgvb ii. Abyiƒc †KvY mgvb
†Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó GK
iii. K 145 L 125  55 N 35
mg‡KvY 101. m~ ² †KvYwUi mwbœ wnZ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ wWMÖ x n‡e hLb Giv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? GK mg‡KvY n‡e?
Ki  i I ii M ii N i, ii I iii K 30 L 45  55 N 60
96.  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 102 I 103 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
C
C
D P Q
x
D
R S
B A
B
i. ABD = 90
ii. ABD = 90 − x wP‡Î PQ ॥ RS Ges AB Zv‡ì †Q`K| C I D we›`yØq PQ
iii. ABC − ABD = x I RS †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 102. wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov †Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡ki AšÍt¯’ †KvY?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K CDR, CDS L QCD, RDS
97.  DCQ, CDS N SDC, PCD
C
D 103. Abyiƒc †KvY wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov?
 ACQ, SDC L PCD, CDS
25 M PCD, QCD N ACQ, PCD
B
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 104−106 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
30 E
A E M
O A B
i. AOB + DOE = 95 ii. BOC + COD = 90
iii. BOC + DOE = 125 C D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N
F
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 104. AMN = 50 n‡j MND = KZ?
98.
P  50 L 130 M 40 N 120
E
105. EMB = 50 n‡j BMN = KZ?
A B K 50 L 60  130
†Kv‡bvwUB bqN
106. `yBwU iwk¥ Øviv Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi gvb 60 Gi mv‡_ KZ wWwMÖ
C D †hvM Ki‡j Zv cÖe„× †KvY n‡e?
F
Q K 90 L 120 M 100  135
wP‡Î AB || CD; PQ I‡ì †Q`K n‡j-  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 107 I 108 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E
i. AEF = DFE ii. BEF = DFE = 180
iii. BEP = CFQ G
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A B

C D
99. wb‡Pi †Kvb `yBwU †KvY ci¯úi m¤ú~iK †KvY? H
i. 120 Ges 60 ii. 110 Ges 70
F
iii. 100 Ges 80 107. AGH + CHG = KZ?
K 60 L 90 M 150  180
Ki L ii I iii M iii  i, ii I iii
108. CHF = 60 n‡j BGE Gi gvb KZ?
 60 L 90 M 120 N 180
GKwU m~²‡Kv‡Yi gvb 35|
100. †KvYwUi c~iK †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ wWwMÖ?

œ 1  EF mij‡iLv AB I CD mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvØq‡K G I
cÖk- ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| 4
H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mswÿß weeiYmn wP‡Îi gva¨‡g K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡P wPÎwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
Dc¯’vcb Ki Ges GKvšÍi I Abyiƒc †KvYØ‡qi bvg
†jL| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, GKvšÍi I Abyiƒc †KvYØq ci¯úi mgvb| 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, GKvšÍi †KvYØ‡qi mgwØLÊKØq
E
œ 2  AB  CD, PQ †Q`K| PQ †iLv AB I CD †K h_vµ‡g
cÖk-
A
G
B E I F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
C D
K. eY©bvbyhvqx wPÎwU AuvK Ges GKvšÍi †KvY I Abyiƒc †KvY †jL| 2
H
L. †`LvI †h, AEF = EFD Ges PEB = EFD 4
F
M. BEF I DFE Gi mgwØLÊKØq G we›`y‡Z †Q`
wP‡Î, EF mij‡iLv AB I CD mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvØq‡K G
Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, EGF = GK mg‡KvY| 4
I H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 EGB = GHD [Abyiƒc †KvY]  2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AGH = GHD [GKvšÍi †KvY] K.
P
L.
E E
A B
G
A B F
C D
K
C D
H Q
F
Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv n‡jv PEB I EFD
g‡b Kwi, EF mij‡iLv AB I CD mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvØq‡K Ges GKvšÍi †KvY¸‡jv n‡jv AEF I EFD
G I H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, L.
P
(i) AGH = GKvšÍi GHD
E
(ii) EGB = Abyiƒc GHD A B
cÖgvY : (i) hw` AGH, GHD Gi mgvb bv nq, Z‡e g‡b Kwi, K F
KGH = GHD Gi GKvšÍi †KvY weavq KG Ges CD C D
mgvšÍivj| Q
wKš‘ AB Ges CD A_ev AG Ges CD mgvšÍivj e‡j g‡b Kwi, PQ mij‡iLv AB I CD mgvšÍivj †iLvØq‡K E I
¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q| F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
AG Ges KG ci¯úi‡K †Q` Kiv m‡Ë¡I cÖ‡Z¨‡KB CD Gi AEF = EFD Ges PEB = EFD
mgvšÍivj| cÖgvY :
myZivs, AGH Ges EHD Amgvb bq| [†cø‡dqv‡ii ¯^xKvh©] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A_©vr, AGH = EHD (cÖgvwYZ) (1) hw` AEF, EFD Gi mgvb bv nq Z‡e
(ii) EGB = wecÖZxc AGH g‡b Kwi, KEF = EFD, Giv
Ges AGH = GKvšÍi EHD GKvšÍi †KvY weavq KE I CD
 EGB = EHD (cÖgvwYZ) mgvšÍivj|
M. wKš‘ AB Ges CD A_ev AE Ges CD
E mgvšÍivj e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv
G n‡q‡Q|
A
L
B AE I KE ci¯úi‡K †Q` Kiv m‡Ë¡I
K cÖ‡Z¨‡KB CD-Gi mgvšÍivj, hv mZ¨ bq|
C D
H myZivs AEF I EFD Amgvb bq|
F A_©vr AEF = EFD
g‡b Kwi, EF mij‡iLv AB I CD mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvØq‡K Avevi, BEP = AEF [wecÖZxc]
G I H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| myZivs AGH Ges EHD myZivs, PEB = EFD (cÖgvwYZ)
GKvšÍi †KvY| KG, AGH Ges HL, EHD Gi M. BEF I DFE Gi mgwØLÊKØq G we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
mgwØLÊK| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, KG  HL. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EGF = GK mg‡KvY|
cÖgvY : P
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv E
A B
(1) KG, AGH Gi mgwØLÊK|
F G
1 C D
 KGH = AGH
2
Q
(2) Avevi, HL, GHD Gi mgwØLÊK|
1 cÖgvY :
 GHL = GHD avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
2
(3) †h‡nZz, AGH = GHD [GKvšÍi †KvY] (1) EGF G EGF + FEG + EFG = `yB mg‡KvY|
1 1 [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
ev, 2 AGH = 2 GHD 1 1
 KGH = GHL [GKvšÍi †KvY] ev, EGF + 2 BEF + 2 EFD
 KG  HL (cÖgvwYZ) = `yB mg‡KvY|
1
ev, EGF + 2 (BEF + EFD) avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AB I EF ci¯úi mgvšÍivj Ges
= `yB mg‡KvY| GH G‡ì †Q`K|
1
ev, EGF + 2 (EFC + EFD)  AXH = GZF [GKvšÍi]
= `yB mg‡KvY| [ BEF = GKvšÍi (2) Avevi, CD I EF ci¯úi mgvšÍivj
EFC] Ges GH G‡ì †Q`K|
1  GYD = GZF [Abyiƒc]
ev, EGF + 2  GK mij‡KvY
myZivs, AXH = GYD [KviY, cÖ‡Z¨‡K
= `yB mg‡KvY| GZF Gi mgvb]
1
ev, EGF + 2  2 mg‡KvY = `yB mg‡KvY| (3) wKš‘ Giv AB I CD mij‡iLv
ev, EGF + GK mg‡KvY = `yB mg‡KvY `yBwUi g‡a¨ GKvšÍi †KvY|
 AB I CD mij‡iLv ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| (cÖgvwYZ)
[GK mij‡KvY = `yB mg‡KvY]
 EGF = GK mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)
M.
E
œ 3  EF mij‡iLv AB I CD Dfq mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj Ges
cÖk-
GH Zv‡ì †Q`K|
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Ki A B
P
Ges Gi mswÿß weeiY `vI| 2 C D
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB I CD †iLv ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| 4 Q
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mij‡iLvi cÖ‡Z¨‡K GKwU
F
mij‡iLvi Dci j¤^ n‡j Zviv ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| 4 g‡b Kwi, AB I CD mij‡iLv `yBwUi DfqB EF †iLvi Dci
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  j¤^| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB  CD
K. cÖgvY :
G avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
X (1) awi, EF †iLv AB I CD †K P I Q
A B
C
Y
D
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
E Z F
(2) GLb, AB mij‡iLv EF Gi Dci j¤^|
 EPB = 90 [mg‡KvY]
H (3) Avevi, CD mij‡iLv EF Gi Dci j¤^|
AB, CD I EF ci¯úi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv| GH Zv‡ì  EQD = 90 [mg‡KvY]
†Q`K| GwU AB, CD I EF †K h_vµ‡g X, Y I Z we›`y‡Z ev, PQD = 90
†Q` K‡i|  EPB = PQD
L. EF mij‡iLv AB I CD Dfq mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj| cÖgvY wKš‘ Giv ci¯úi Abyiƒc †KvY Ges G‡ì gvb mgvb
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB I CD ci¯úi mgvšÍivj|  AB  CD (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖgvY :

œ 4  ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv| d‡j
cÖk- M. ABC + BAC + ACB = 180 cÖgvY Ki| 4
ACD Drcbœ n‡jv| C we›`y w`‡q CE || BA AuvKv n‡jv| œ 6  ABC-G AB  AC Ges A Gi mgwØLÊK AD, BC
cÖk-
K. Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2 evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, A + B + C = `yB mg‡KvY| 4 K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎwU AuvK| 2
M. hw` BC wÎfzRwUi e„nËi evû nq, Zvn‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, AB L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADB ¯’~j‡KvY| 4
+ AC  BC. 4 M. D, ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i GKwU we›`y n‡j, †`LvI †h, AB +
œ 5  ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv Ges C
cÖk- AC  BD + DC. 4
we›`y w`‡q BA || CE AuvKv n‡jv|
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2
L. †`LvI †h, ACD  ABC. 4
A b yk xj b x 6 .3

 wÎfzR A
wZbwU †iLvsk Øviv Ave× wPÎ GKwU wÎfzR| wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv

Øviv mxgve×‡ÿÎ‡K wÎfzR‡ÿÎ e‡j| †iLvsk¸‡jv‡K wÎfz‡Ri
evû e‡j| †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU evûi mvaviY we›`y‡K kxl©we›`y ejv
nq| wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU evû kxl©we›`y‡Z †KvY Drcbœ C
B
K‡i| wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû I wZbwU †KvY i‡q‡Q|
wP‡Î, ABC wÎfz‡R BAC, ABC, BCA †KvY wZbwU
wÎfz‡Ri evû wZbwUi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó‡K cwimxgv e‡j|
A
cÖ‡Z¨‡K m~²‡KvY| ABC GKwU m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR|
 mg‡KvYx wÎfzR : †h wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY, Zv
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
D
B C
wP‡Î, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| A, B, C Gi wZbwU kxl©we›`y| AB,
F
BC, CA Gi wZbwU evû Ges Gi wZbwU †KvY BAC, E
ABC, BCA| AB, BC, CA evûi cwigv‡ci †hvMdj wP‡Î, DEF wÎfz‡R DFE mg‡KvY, Aci †KvY `yBwU DEF
wÎfzRwUi cwimxgv| I EDF cÖ‡Z¨‡K m~²‡KvY| DEF GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
 ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR : †h wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY, Zv
 mgevû wÎfzR : †h wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû mgvb Zv mgevû wÎfzR|
A
¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR|
G
H
K
wP‡Î GHK wÎfz‡R GKH GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY, Aci †KvY `yBwU GHK
B
C I HGK cÖ‡Z¨‡K m~²‡KvY| GHK GKwU ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR|
wP‡Î ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB = BC = CA| ABC GKwU mgevû  wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ I AšÍt¯’ †KvY
wÎfzR| †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv
 mgwØevû wÎfzR : †h wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evû mgvb Zv mgwØevû wÎfzR| wÎfzRwUi GKwU ewnt¯’ †KvY| GB †Kv‡Yi mwbœwnZ †KvYwU
A
Qvov wÎfz‡Ri Aci `yBwU †KvY‡K GB ewnt¯’ †Kv‡Yi wecixZ
AšÍt¯’ †KvY e‡j|
A
B C
wP‡Î, ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB = AC  BC| hv‡ì †Kv‡bvwUB
Z…Zxq evûi mgvb bq| ABC GKwU mgwØevû wÎfyR| D
B C
 welgevû wÎfzR : †h wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûB ci¯úi Amgvb Zv
welgevû wÎfzR| wP‡Î, ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
A ACD wÎfzRwUi GKwU ewnt¯’ †KvY| ABC I BAC Gi
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ACD Gi wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvY ejv nq|
B C
wP‡Î, ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB, BC, CA evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ ci¯úi
Amgvb| ABC GKwU welgevû wÎfyR|
 m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR : †h wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY m~²‡KvY, Zv
m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR|
 evû I †Kv‡Yi me©mgZv :  wÎfz‡Ri me©mgZv :
`yBwU †iLvs‡ki ˆ`N©¨ mgvb n‡j †iLvsk `yBwU me©mg| GKwU wÎfzR‡K Aci GKwU wÎfz‡Ri Dci ¯’vcb Ki‡j hw`
wecixZfv‡e, `yBwU †iLvsk me©mg n‡j Zv‡ì ˆ`N©¨ mgvb| wÎfzR `yBwU me©‡Zvfv‡e wg‡j hvq, Z‡e wÎfzR `yBwU me©mg
`yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigvc mgvb n‡j †KvY `yBwU me©mg| nq| me©mg wÎfz‡Ri Abyiƒc evû I Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv mgvb|
A D
B C E F
wecixZfv‡e, `yBwU †KvY me©mg n‡j Zv‡ì cwigvcI mgvb|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡P wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv n‡jv| †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wÎfzR we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR hvi wZb evû
A¼b m¤¢e? mgvb| A_©vr, AB = BC = AC| F, D I E h_vµ‡g BC, AC Ges
 5 †m.wg., 6 †m.wg. I 7 †m.wg. AB evûi ga¨we›`y| ga¨we›`y wZbwU †hvM Ki‡j DEF wÎfzR Drcbœ
L. 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg. I 7 †m.wg. n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DEF mgevû|
M. 5 †m.wg., 7 †m.wg. I 14 †m.wg. cÖgvY :
N 2 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg. I 8 †m.wg. avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó Z…Zxq evû A‡cÿv e„nËi| (1) BEF I CDF Gi g‡a¨
cÖkœ \ 2 \ wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : BE = CD [mgvb mgvb evûi A‡a©K e‡j]
i. †h wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †KvY mg‡KvY Zv‡K mg‡KvYx wÎfzR e‡j BF = CF [ F, BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
ii. †h wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †KvY m~²‡KvY Zv‡K m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR e‡j Ges AšÍfz©³ B = AšÍfz©³ C [ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri
iii. †h wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû mgvb Zv‡K mgevû wÎfzR e‡j cÖ‡Z¨K †KvY mgvb]
 BEF  CDF  (i)
AZGe, EF = FD
K. i I ii L. i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii (2) Avevi, CDF I AED Gi g‡a¨
cÖ`Ë wPÎ Abyhvqx 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : CD = AD [ D, AC Gi ga¨we›`y]
D AE = CF [mgvb mgvb evûi
C A‡a©K e‡j]
Ges AšÍf©y³ C = AšÍfz©³ A
 CDF  AED
A B
O  FD = ED  (ii)
cÖkœ \ 3 \ GK mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb †KvY †KvbwU? (3) mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii) n‡Z cvB,
K. BOC L. BOD M. COD N AOD EF = FD = ED
[we `ª L I N DfqB GK mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb] DEF mgevû| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 4 \ BOC Gi c~iK †KvY †KvbwU? cÖkœ \ 6 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gv wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb|
K. AOC L. BOD  COD N AOD mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gv wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb|
e¨vL¨v : BOC + COD = 90 A
cÖkœ \ 5 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ga¨we›`ymg~n †hvM
Ki‡j †h wÎfzR Drcbœ nq, Zv mgevû n‡e| F E
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ga¨we›`ymg~n
†hvM Ki‡j †h wÎfzR Drcbœ nq, Zv mgevû n‡e|
A B D C
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR, A_©vr AB = BC
= AC AD, BE Ges CF h_vµ‡g BC, CA Ges AB Gi Dci wZbwU
E D ga¨gv| D, E Ges F h_vµ‡g BC, AC Ges AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AD = BE = CF
cÖgvY :
B
F
C avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABD I ACF Gi g‡a¨
AB = AC [ ABC mgevû wÎfzR]
BD = AF [mgvb mgvb evûi A‡a©K e‡j] (i) I (ii) bs AmgZv n‡Z cvB,
Ges AšÍfz©³ B = AšÍfz©³ A AB + AE + CE + DE  BD + DE + CD
 ABD  ACF ev, AB + AE + CE  BD + CD [Dfqc¶ n‡Z DE
AZGe, AD = CF  (i) ev` w`‡q cvB]
(2) Giƒ‡c BCE I ACF wb‡q cÖgvY (3) †h‡nZz AE + EC = AC
Kiv hvq †h,  AB + AC  BD + CD [ cÖgvwYZ ]
BE = CF (ii)
(3) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) n‡Z cvB cÖkœ \ 9 \ ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y D n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h,
 AD = BE = CF [cÖgvwYZ] AB + AC  2AD
cÖkœ \ 7 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU ewnt¯’ †Kv‡Yi mgvavb : A
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY A‡c¶v e„nËi|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU ewnt¯’ †Kv‡Yi
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY A‡c¶v e„nËi|
A B C
D
E
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y D; A, D †hvM Kwi|
F B C E cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB + AC  2AD
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC f‚wg‡K GKw`‡K E A¼b : AD †K E ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb AD = DE nq
ch©šÍ Ges Aciw`‡K F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv| d‡j ewnt¯’ Ges E, C †hvM Kwi|
ACE Ges ewnt¯’ ABF Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY :
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACE + ABF  2 mg‡KvY avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖgvY : (1) ABD I CDE Gi g‡a¨
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv BD = CD, [D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
(1) ACE = A + B  (i) [†h‡nZz wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ AD = DE [ A¼bvbymv‡i ]
†KvY, AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY Ges AšÍf©y³ ADB = AšÍf©y³ CDE [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j]
`yBwUi †hvMd‡ji mgvb]  ABD  CDE
 AB = CE
Ges ABF = A + C  (ii) (2) GLb, ACE G,
(2) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
AC + CE  AE
AZGe, ACE + ABF = A + B + A + C [ wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
wKšÍz ABC G, A + B + C = 2 evûi mgwó Z…Zxq evû
mg‡KvY A‡c¶v e„nËi]
(3)  ACE + ABF = A + 2 mg‡KvY ev, AC + AB  AD + DE [ AB = CE]
myZivs, ACE + ABF  2 mg‡KvY [cÖgvwYZ] ev, AB + AC  AD + AD [ DE = AD]
 AB + AC  2AD [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 8 \ ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i D GKwU we›`y| cÖgvY Ki †h, AB
cÖkœ \ 10 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gvÎ‡qi mgwó Zvi cwimxgv
+ AC  BD + DC
mgvavb : A‡c¶v ¶z`ªZi|
A mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gvÎ‡qi mgwó Zvi cwimxgv
A‡c¶v ¶z`ªZi|
A
E
D
F E
B C B C
D
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i D †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU
we›`y| B, D Ges C, D †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB + AC  BD + CD
H
A¼b : BD †K ewa©Z Kwi †hb Zv AC †K E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
cÖgvY : we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi AD, BE Ges CF wZbwU
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ga¨gv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
(1) ABE-G, AD + BE + CF  AB + BC + AC
AB + AE  BE [ wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi A¼b : AD †K H ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb AD = DH nq
mgwó Z…Zxq evû A‡c¶v e„nËi] Ges C, H †hvM Kwi|
ev, AB + AE  BD + DE(i) [ BE = BD + DE ] cÖgvY :
(2) Avevi, CDE G, CE + DE  CD(ii) avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABD I CDH Gi g‡a¨ A
BD = CD [ D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
AD = DH [A¼bvbymv‡i]
Ges AšÍf©y³ ADB = AšÍfz©³ [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j] O
HDC
 ABD  CDH B C
 AB = CH
(2) GLb ACH G, [ wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC -Gi B I C Gi
AC + CH AH evûi mgwó Z…Zxq evû mgwØLÊKØq O we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
A‡c¶v e„nËi] cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BOC = 90 + 1 A
2
[ AB = CH] cÖgvY :
ev, AC + AB  AD + DH avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
ev, AB + AC  AD + AD (1) ABC-G, A + B + [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó
ev, AB + AC  2AD C =180  (i) `yB mg‡KvY]
A_©vr 2AD  AB + AC(i) (2) Avevi, BOC G, BOC + [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó
(3) Giƒ‡c BE I CF †K AD Gi g‡Zv ewa©Z K‡i OBC + OCB = 180 `yB mg‡KvY]
1
cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, 2BE  AB + BC(ii) (3) wKšÍz OBC = 2 B Ges [BO I CO h_vµ‡g ABC
Ges 2CF  AC + BC (iii) 1 I ACB Gi mgwØLÊK]
AmgZv (i), (ii) I (iii) bs n‡Z cvB, OCB = C
2
2AD + 2BE + 2CF  AB + AC + AB + 1 1
BC + AC + BC (4) myZivs BOC + 2 B +2 C = 180
ev, 2(AD + BE + CF)  2(AB + BC + AC) 1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = A + B + C [ (i) bs n‡Z]
 AD + BE + CF  AB + BC + AC [cÖgvwYZ]
1 1
cÖkœ \ 11 \ ABC mgwØevû wÎfz‡R, BA evû‡K D ch©šÍ Giƒcfv‡e ev, BOC = A + B – 2 B + C – 2 C
ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv, †hb BA = AD nq| cÖgvY Ki †h, BCD GKwU 1 1
ev, BOC = A + 2 B + 2 C
mg‡KvY|
mgvavb : 1 1 1 1
ev, BOC = 2 A + 2 B + 2 C + 2 A
D
1 1
ev, BOC = 2 (A + B + C) + 2 A
A
1 1
ev, BOC = 2  180 + 2 A
B  BOC = 90 + 1 A [ cÖgvwYZ ]
C 2
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC mgwØevû, hvi AB = AC A cÖkœ
\ 13 \ ABC Gi AB I AC evû‡K ewa©Z Ki‡j B I C
kxl©we›`y Ges BA evû‡K D ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb BA = AD we›`y‡Z †h ewnt‡KvY `yBwU Drcbœ nq, Zv‡ì mgwØLÊK `yBwU O
nq| C, D †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BCD GKwU mg‡KvY| we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j,
cÖgvY : cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 − 2 A
1
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mgvavb :
(1) ABC G, AB = AC
 ABC = ACB  (i) A
(2) Avevi, A¼bvbymv‡i BA = AD nIqvq
AC = AD
(3) GLb, ACD G, AC = AD B C
 ACD = ADC  (ii)
(4) BCD G, BCD + DBC +
CDB = 180
[ wPÎvbymv‡i ] E O F
ev, BCD + ABC + ADC = 180 [mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii)
n‡Z] we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi AB I AC evû‡K h_vµ‡g
ev, BCD + ACB + ACD = 180
E Ges F we›`y ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv|
ev, BCD + BCD = 180 [ACB + ACD = BCD]
B I C we›`y‡Z Drcbœ ewnt‡KvY `yBwUi mgwØLÊKØq O we›`y‡Z
ev, 2BCD = 180
ev, BCD = 90 wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
1
A_©vr BCD GKwU mg‡KvY| [cÖgvwYZ] cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BOC = 90 − 2 A
cÖkœ \ 12 \ ABC Gi  B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq O we›`y‡Z cÖgvY :
1 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
wgwjZ nq| cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 + 2 A
mgvavb : (1) ABC G,
A + B + C = 180 [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
(2) Avevi, BOC G, mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] cÖkœ \ 15 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h
BOC + OBC +OCB = 180 ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq, Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwói
1 1
(3) wKšÍz OBC = 2 EBC = 2 (A + C) mgvb|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : wÎfy‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h
1
Ges OCB = 2 BCF ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq, Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwói
1 [ewnt¯’ †KvY wecixZ AšÍt¯’ mgvb|
= (A + B) A E
2 †KvY `yBwUi mgwói mgvb]
1
(4) myZivs BOC + 2 (A + C + A + B) = 180
1
ev, BOC + 2 (180 + A) = 180 D
B C
[ A + B + C = 180] we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z
1 1
ev, BOC + 2  180 + 2 A = 180 Kivq ewnt¯’ ACD Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|
1 cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACD = BAC + ABC
ev, BOC + 90 + 2 A = 180 A¼b : C we›`y‡Z BA †iLvi mgvšÍivj CE †iLv Uvwb|
1 cÖgvY :
ev, BOC = 180 − 90 − 2 A
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1 (1) †h‡nZz BA I CE mgvšÍivj Ges AC Zv‡ì
 BOC = 90 – A [cÖgvwYZ]
2
†Q`K|
cÖkœ \ 14 \ wP‡Î, †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = A
BAC = ACE  (i) [GKvšÍi †KvY]
GK mg‡KvY Ges B = 2A
(2) Avevi, BA I CE mgvšÍivj Ges BD
cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = 2BC C B Zv‡ì †Q`K
mgvavb : ABC = ECD  (ii) [Abyiƒc †KvY]
A
(3) (i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
 BAC + ABC = ACE + ECD
ev, BAC + ABC = ACD [A¼bvbymv‡i]
 ACD = BAC + ABC (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖkœ \ 16 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi AšÍi Zvi
D C B
Z…Zxq evû A‡c¶v ¶z`ªZi|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = GK mg‡KvY Ges B = 2A mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi AšÍi Zvi
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB = 2BC Z…Zxq evû A‡c¶v ¶z`ªZi|
A
A¼b : BC †K D ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb BC = CD nq
Ges D, A †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY : D
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ACB = GK mg‡KvY nIqvq B C
ACD = GK mg‡KvY| [ †KvY `yBwU mwbœwnZ] we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| AC Gi ¶z`ªZg
(2) GLb, ABC I ADC mg‡KvYx evû Ges AB e„nËg evû| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Gi †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
wÎfzR `yBwUi g‡a¨ evûi AšÍi Z…Zxq evû A‡c¶v ¶z`ªZi| A_©vr AB − AC < BC
BC = CD [Kíbv] A¼b : AB n‡Z AC Gi mgvb K‡i AD Ask †K‡U †bB Ges D,
AC mvaviY evû C †hvM Kwi|
Ges AšÍfz©³ ACB = AšÍfz©³ [mg‡KvY] cÖgvY :
ACD avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 ABC  ADC (1) ACD G
myZivs, B = D
[ B = 2A
ACD = ADC [ AD = DC]
Ges BAC = CAD (2) Avevi,  ACD-G
(3) BAD = BAC + CAD 1
ev, A = 2 B] ewnt¯’ BDC  AšÍt¯’ ACD [ewnt¯’ †KvY wecixZ
1 1
= B + B =B  BDC  ACD AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU
2 2
(4) AZGe, ABD G (3) Avevi,  BDC-G A‡cÿv e„nËi]
B = D = DAB nIqvq wÎfzRwU mgevû|
ewnt¯’ ADC  AšÍt¯’ BCD [GKB]
 ADC  BCD
 AB = BD
ev, AB = BC + CD [ BC = CD]
(4) GLb,  BDC-G
BDC  BCD
ev, AB = BC + BC  BC  BD [e„nËi †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû
 AB = 2BC [cÖgvwYZ] ev, BD BC ¶z`ªZi †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû
ev, AB − AD  BC A‡cÿv e„nËi] cÖgvY :
 AB − AC  BC [ AD = AC] (cÖgvwYZ) avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖkœ \ 17 \ wP‡Î, ABC wÎfz‡Ri B = GK mg‡KvY Ges D, (1) ABD G, AB evûi wecixZ ADB
1 Ges ACD G AC evûi wecixZ ADC
AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki †h, BD = 2 AC
GLb, AB  AC
A
 ADB  ADC [wÎfz‡Ri GK evû Aci GK evû
D A‡c¶v e„nËi n‡j, e„nËi evûi
B C wecixZ †KvY ¶z`ªZi evûi
mgvavb : wecixZ †KvY A‡c¶v e„nËi]
A (2) ADB + ADC = GK mij‡KvY = 180
D
F (3) †h‡nZz ADB  ADC
myZivs ADB  GK mg‡KvY
C
B E  ADB ¯’~j‡KvY| [cÖgvwYZ]
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi B = GK mg‡KvY Ges D, cÖkœ \ 19 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv †iLvs‡ki j¤^wØLÊ‡Ki
AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| B, D †hvM Kiv n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e
1
Dcwiw¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y D³ †iLvs‡ki cÖvšÍ we›`yØq n‡Z
†h, BD = 2 AC mg`~ieZx©|
A¼b : F, AB Gi Ges E, BC-Gi ga¨we›`y wbY©q Kwi| F, D mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv †iLvs‡ki j¤^wØLÊ‡Ki
Ges E, D †hvM Kwi| Dcwiw¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y D³ mij‡iLvi cÖvšÍ we›`yØq n‡Z
cÖgvY : mg`~ieZx©|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv D
(1) FD, AC Ges AB Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK P
†iLvsk|
 FD  BC B
A
(2) Avevi DE, BC I AC Gi ga¨we›`yi C
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, AB mij‡iLvi Dci CD j¤^wØLÊK Ges
 DE  AB [Abyiƒc †KvY e‡j] P, CD Gi Dci GKwU we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PB
GLb, AFD = B cÖgvY :
AFD = GK mg‡KvY avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
Zvn‡j, DFB = GK mg‡KvY (1) CD j¤^wØLÊK nIqvq AC = BC [ PC ⊥ AB]
(3) AFD I BFD wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ [A¼bvbymv‡i] Ges PCA = PCB [mg‡KvY]
AF = BF (2) APC I BPC Gi g‡a¨
FD mvaviY evû| [mg‡KvY e‡j] AC = BC,
Ges AšÍf©y³ AFD = AšÍf©y³ BFD PC mvaviY evû Ges
 AFD  BFD AšÍfz©³ ACP = AšÍfz©³ BCP [ cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY]
AZGe FAD = FBD APC  BPC [ `yB evû I Zv‡ì
(4) ABD G AšÍfz©³ †KvYØq mgvb]
[mgvb mgvb evûi
DAB = ABD  PA = PB [cÖgvwYZ]
wecixZ †KvY]
 AD = BD cÖkœ \ 20 \ ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi A = GK mg‡KvY|
(5) Giƒ‡c, BDE I CDE wb‡q cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, BD = CD BC evûi ga¨we›`y D
 BD + BD = AD + CD K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki|
ev, 2BD = AC L. †`LvI †h, AB + AC  2AD
1
 BD = 2 AC [cÖgvwYZ] M. cÖgvY Ki †h, AD = 12 BC
cÖkœ \ 18 \ ABC G AB  AC Ges A Gi mgwØLÊK AD, mgvavb :
BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, ADB ¯’~j‡KvY| K.
C
mgvavb :
A
D
A B
B C
D wP‡Î, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi A = GK mg‡KvY|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G AB  AC Ges A Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y D
mgwØLÊK AD, BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z L. †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AB + AC  2AD
n‡e †h, ADB ¯’~j‡KvY|
C E C
D D
A B
A¼b : AD †K E ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb AD = A
E
B
DE nq Ges E, C †hvM Kwi| A¼b : AB Gi ga¨we›`y E wbY©q Kwi| D, E †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY : cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABD I CDE Gi g‡a¨ (1) ABC-G D I E we›`y h_vµ‡g
BD = CD [D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y] BC I AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
AD = DE [A¼bvbymv‡i]  DE \ AC
Ges AšÍfz©³ ADB = AšÍfz©³ CDE [wecÖZxc †KvY]  DEB = CAE [Abyiƒc †KvY Ges
 ABD  CDE [evû-†KvY-evû Dccv`¨] cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY]
 AB = CE  DEA = DEB [mg‡KvY]
(2) GLb ACE-G (2) GLb, DEB I DEA-G
AC + CE  AE [wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB AE = EB [A¼bvbymv‡i]
evûi mgwó Gi Z…Zxq- DE = DE [mvaviY evû]
evû-A‡cÿv e„nËi] Ges AšÍfz©³ DEB = AšÍfz©³ DEA
ev, AC + AB  AD + DE [ AB = CE]  DEB  DEA [evû-†KvY-evû Dccv`¨]
ev, AB + AC  AD + AD [ AD = DE]  AD = BD
 AB + AC  2AD [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv] 1
 AD = BC (cÖgvwYZ) [ D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y
1 2
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AD = 2 BC 1
A_©vr, BD = 2 BC]

1. ii. QGH + GHS = 180
A iii. AGQ = RHB
O K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
7. wP‡Î AOB I BOC †KvYØq ci¯úi−
B C C
ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| BOC = KZ wWwMÖ? B
K 90 L 100  120 N 130
2. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvYØ‡qi AšÍi 8 n‡j, Gi ¶z`ªZg D A
O
†KvbwUi gvb KZ?
K 8  41 M 49 N 82
i. mgvb
3. cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? ii.mwbœwnZ
c~iK
iii.
2x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3y x K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K y = 180 − 3x L x = 90 − y 8.
 y + x = 60 N y = 90 − 2x C D
4. ABC G ABC  ACB n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? B
25
K AB  AC L AB = AC  AB  AC N AB  BC
5. ABC G AB = AC Ges B = 25 n‡j A Gi gvb KZ? A 30 E
K 30 L 60  65 N 130
O
6. wP‡Î PQ || RS, AB †iLv Zv‡ì‡K G I H we›`y‡Z †Q` i. AOB + BOC = 90
ii. AOC + COD = 115
K‡i‡Q, Zvn‡j− iii. COD = BOC
G
A wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P Q  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
9.
R S A
H
B
i. AGQ = Abyiƒc GHS
B C
wP‡Î ABC G C = 2 A n‡j A Gi gvb KZ? 10. x Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 10  30 M 45 N 60  30 L 45 M 60 N 90
 wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 11. BC = KZ? (mnR)
PQR GKwU mgevû wÎfyR Gi QR †K S ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv| K 6cm L 2 3cm  3 3cm N 4 3cm
A
2x
3cm
x
B C

iii. mgevû wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb
wÎfzR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
12. wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi mvaviY we›`y‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
i. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î, 90    180
K mvaviY we›`y L ga¨we›`y
ii. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri GKwU gvÎ m~²‡KvY _v‡K
 kxl©we›`y N ms‡hvM we›`y
iii. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY n‡j Aci †KvY `yBwU
13. evû‡f‡` wÎfzR KZ cÖKvi? (mnR)
h_vµ‡g 32 I 58
K `yB cÖKvi  wZb cÖKvi M Pvi cÖKvi N cuvP cÖKvi
14. †KvY †f‡` wÎfzR KZ cÖKvi? (mnR)
K `yB cÖKvi  wZb cÖKvi M Pvi cÖKvi N cuvP cÖKvi
15. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (mnR)
i. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY 60
K 45  60 M 90 N 120
16. GKwU wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû h_vµ‡g 3 †mwg, 2 †mwg I 4 †mwg ii. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †KvYB ¯’~j‡KvY
n‡j G‡K Kx wÎfyR ejv n‡e? (ga¨g) iii. m~²‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY m~²‡KvY
K mg‡KvYx L mgevû M mgwØevû  welgevû wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
17. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 AB = AC ≠ BC L AB = AC = DC 28. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î−
M AB ≠ AC ≠ BC N AB = 2AC = BC i. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb
18. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg. K‡i wÎfzRwU Kx ii. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evû mgvb
ai‡bi? (ga¨g) iii. welgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûB Amgvb
K ¯’~j‡KvYx L welgevû  mgevû N mgwØevû wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
19. wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi mgwó‡K Kx e‡j? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K mgwe›`y L cwi‡K›`ª  cwimxgv N wÎfzR‡ÿÎ
29. ABC Gi D”PZv AD n‡j−
20. m~²‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri KqwU †KvY m~²‡KvY? (mnR) i. AD ⊥ BC A
K GK L `yB  wZb N Pvi ii. ABD mg‡KvYx wÎfzR
21. wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR)
iii. ABC m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR
K 90  180 M 270 N 360
22. ABC G A = x, B = 2x Ges C = 3x n‡j wÎfzRwU Kx
wÎfzR? (KwVb) B C
 mg‡KvYx L m~²‡KvYx M ¯’~j‡KvYx N mgwØevû D
e¨vL¨v : A + B + C = 180 ev, x + 2x + 3x = 180 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
ev, 6x =180 ev, x = 30 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 C = 3  30 = 90
23. ABC Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ a, b I c GKK n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU Gi 30. wP‡Î−
cwimxgv? (ga¨g) i. ABC m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR
1 1 ii. ABC welgevû wÎfzR
K (a + b + c) L (a + b + c)
2 3 iii. AB = AC
 (a + b + c) N 2(a + b + c) A
24. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡R KqwU †KvY m~²‡KvY _v‡K? (ga¨g)
K GK  `yB M wZb N Pvi
4 4
i. welgevû wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evûB mgvb B C
ii. mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri `yBwU evû mgvb 5
Ki I ii i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
x-8
wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ I AšÍt¯’ †KvY
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 90
x
31. wP‡Î ACD Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
A e¨vL¨v : 90 + x − 8 + x = 180
98
50
ev, 2x − 8 = 90 ev, x = 2  x = 49
40  ¶z`Zª g †KvYwU n‡e= 49 − 8 = 41
B
C D 37.
K 70 L 80  90 N 100 D
e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri GK evû‡K ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY cvIqv hvq| Gi A
y
wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwói mgvb|
 ACD = 40 + 50 = 90
30 40
32. wP‡Î ABC mgevû n‡j  ACD-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) B C
A wP‡Î y mgvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
K 10 L 20 M 30  70
e¨vL¨v : y = 30 + 40 = 70
B D 38.
C A D
K 90 L 100  120 N 180
e¨vL¨v :  ABC mgevû e‡j A = B = C = 60 75
x
 ACD + ACB = 180
ev, ACD + 60 = 180  ACD = 180 − 60 = 120 55
B E
C
33. wb‡Pi wP‡Î, x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
A wP‡Î AB ॥ DC n‡j x = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
K 45 L 55  75 N 100
30 e¨vL¨v : AB║DC Ges AC Gi †Q`K|
 BAC = ACD
50 x
B D
30 C enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 80 L 100  115 N 120
e¨vL¨v : Dc‡ii wPÎ, GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri myZivs ABC Gi AB = BC 39. cv‡ki wP‡Îi †ÿ‡Î−
A
 ACB = BAC i. ACD n‡jv ewnt¯’ †KvY
GLb, ABC + BAC + ACB = 180 ii. BCD n‡jv m~²‡KvY
ev, 50 + 180 − x + 180 − x = 180 iii. ACB n‡jv AšÍt¯’
ev, 2x = 230  x = 115 †KvY B D
C
34. wb‡Pi wP‡Î x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
A
6x K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
2x
i. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY
4x
Drcbœ nq Zv memgq 90
B C
 45 L 70 M 80 N 90
ii. wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb
e¨vL¨v : wPÎ n‡Z, ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 iii. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvYØq ci¯úi c~iK
ev, 180 − 4x + 180 − 2x + 360 − 6x = 180 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
ev, 720 − 12x = 180 ev, 12x = 540  x = 45 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
35. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU AšÍt¯’ †KvY h_vµ‡g 40 I 50 n‡j Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Aci AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
K 60 L 70 M 80  90  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 41 − 43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180| PQR GKwU mgevû wÎfyR Gi QR †K S ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv|
 Aci AšÍt¯’ †KvY = 180 − (40 + 50) = 90 P
36. hw` †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ¶z`ªZi †KvYØ‡qi cv_©K¨ 8
nq, Z‡e ¶z`ªZg †KvYwU KZ? (KwVb)
K 37  41 M 42 N 49 Q R S
41. PQR Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 30 L 45 M 50  60
42. PRS Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 60 L 90  120 N 150
43. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) A D
 PRS  PQR L PRS = PQR
M PRS  QPR N PRS = QPR
B E
C F
x
y Dc‡ii wP‡Î AB = DE, BC = EF, ABC = DEF n‡j,
wÎfzR `yBwUi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K Amgvb L Abyiƒc  me©mg N cÖvq mgvb
54. ABC G D I E h_vµ‡g AB I AC Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j
150 z 60 DE = ? (mnR)
w
1 1
K AB  BC M 2AC N 2AE
44. z = KZ? (mnR) 2 2
K 20  30 M 40 N 60 55. ABC  DEF Ges ABC = DEF I AB = DE n‡j
45. w = KZ? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 105 L 110 M 115  120  BC = EF L BC = DE
46. x = KZ? (ga¨g) M AB = EF N AC = DF
K 85 L 95  90 N 100
56. ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC e„nËg evû n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU
47. y = KZ? (mnR)
mwVK? (ga¨g)
K AB − AC  BC  AB + AC  BC
K 75 L 80 M 85  90 M AB  AC + BC N AB − BC  AC
e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó Gi Z…Zxq evûi ˆ`N©¨
evû I †Kv‡Yi me©mgZv A‡cÿv e„nËi|
57. ABC G ABC  ACB n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi mwVK? (mnR)
48. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K AC  AB L AB  BC M AB  BC  AC  AB
e¨vL¨v : †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY Aci GKwU †KvY A‡cÿv e„nËi n‡j,
i. `yBwU †iLvs‡ki ˆ`N©¨ mgvb n‡j †iLvsk `yBwU me©mg e„nËi †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû ¶z`Z ª i †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû A‡cÿv
ii. `yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigvc mgvb n‡j †KvY `yBwU me©mg e„nËi n‡e|
iii.
B  Q  enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
I
40 40 58. `yBwU wÎfyR me©mg n‡e hw` wÎfyRØ‡qiÑ
O 
C 
i. `yBwU evûi AšÍf©y³ †KvY mgvb nq

me©mg
A P
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) ii. wZbwU evû mgvb nq
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii iii. `yBwU †KvY I GKwU evû mgvb nq
49. `yBwU †iLvsk AB I CD me©mg n‡jÑ wb‡Pi †Kvb mwVK? (mnR)
i. AB I CD GKwU AciwUi Dci m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c mgvcwZZ n‡e K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. AB = CD 59.
iii. AB ≠ CD A
wb‡Pi †Kvb mwVK? (ga¨g)
B C
wÎfz‡Ri me©mgZv wP‡Î ABC GKwU wÎfzR, Gi−
i. ABC  ACB n‡j, AC  AB
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii. hw` AC  AB nq Z‡e, ABC  ACB n‡e
iii. AB + AC  BC
50. ABC  DEF Ges B = E I C = F n‡j wb‡Pi
wb‡Pi †Kvb mwVK? (mnR)
†KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 BC = EF L AC = EF M AB = DE N BC = DE
51. ABC I DEF G AB = DE, AC = DF Ges BAC = 60. ABC G D I E h_vµ‡g AB I AC Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j−
1
EDF n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) i. DE || BC ii. DE = BC
2
K ABC = DEF  ABC  DEF 1
M ABC  DEF N ABC  DEF iii. BC = DE
2
52. B = E I A = D Ges AB = DE n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) wb‡Pi †Kvb mwVK? (mnR)
K ABC = DEF  ABC  DEF  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ABC  DEF N ABC  DEF
53. (mnR) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
A D 64. cÖ`Ë mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡q AwZfzR AC = AwZfzR DF Ges
AB = DE n‡j ABC =? (mnR)
K EDF  DEF
M EDF + EFD N EFD
B C E F e¨vL¨v : mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡q AwZfzRØq I GK evû mgvb n‡j wÎfzRØq me©mg|
wP‡Î ABC  DEF ev, AwZfzR AC n‡j ABC = 90
61. BC evûi mgvb wb‡Pi †Kvb evû? (mnR) Ges AwZfzR DF n‡j DEF = 90
 EF L DE M DF N AC 65. cÖ`Ë mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡q AwZfzR AC = AwZfzR DF I AB =
62. B Gi mgvb Aci wÎfy‡Ri †Kvb †KvYwU? (mnR) DE n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K D  E M F N C  ABC  DEF L ABC  DEF
63. ACB Gi Abyiƒc †KvY †KvbwU? (mnR) M ABC = DEF N ABC  DEF
K DEF  DFE 66. ABC G AC  AB n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? (mnR)
M EDF N BAC K ABC  BAC  ABC  ACB
M ABC  BAC N ABC  ACB
aiv hvK, ABC I DEF `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|

67. †h wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû mgvb, Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wÎfzR ejv K3 L4 M5 6
nq? 76. wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY 95 n‡j Zv‡K Kx wÎfzR e‡j?
K mg‡KvYx wÎfzR L welgevû wÎfzR K m~²‡KvYx  ¯’~j‡KvYx M mgevû N mg‡KvYx
 mgevû wÎfzR N ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR 
77. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvYØ‡qi AšÍi 8 n‡j Gi ¶z`ªZg
68. †KvYwUi gvb KZ?
A K 8  41 M 49 N 82
78.
a a A
B C
b
wP‡Î ABC wÎfzRwU †Kvb ai‡bi wÎfzR?
K mgevû wÎfzR  mgwØevû wÎfzR B C
M welg evû wÎfzR N mgevû wÎfzR Dc‡ii wP‡Î ABC = ACB n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
69. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ¯’~j‡Kv‡Yi msL¨v KqwU?  AB = AC L BAC = ABC
M AB = BC N ACB = BAC
1 L2 M3 N4
70. ABC G AB = AC, 2B = A n‡j C = ? 79. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR msjMœ GKwU †KvY 50 n‡j Ab¨
B †KvYwU KZ n‡e?
K 10  40 M 50 N 90
80.
A A
C
 45 L 60 M 90 N 180
71. wb‡Pi †Kvb wÎfzRwUi †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 1 : 1 : 2 ? 40
K mgwØevû wÎfzR L m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR B C
 mg‡KvYx mgwØevû wÎfzR N ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR wP‡Î AB = AC n‡j A =?
72. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? K 40 L 60 M 80  100
K 90  60 M 45 N 120 81. ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB = AC, A = 80 n‡j B = KZ?
73. †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvYØ‡qi cv_©K¨ 6 n‡j, ¶z`ªZg K 40  50 M 60 N 100
†Kv‡Yi gvb− 82. mg‡KvYx wÎfz ‡ Ri KqwU m~ ² ‡KvY _v‡K?
K 38 L 41  42 N 49
K GKwU  `y B wU M wZbwU N GKwUI bv
74. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e hLb wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 83. wP‡Î ACB = 50 n‡j, A
h_vµ‡g−
K 1 †m.wg., 2 †m.wg., 3 †m.wg.
 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 5 †m.wg.
B
M 2 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 6 †m.wg. C
D
N 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 7 †m.wg. ABC wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY KZ wWwMÖ?

75. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri KqwU Ask?  130 L 100 M 90 N 40
84. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU ewnt¯’‡KvY I AšÍt¯’ mwbœwnZ iii. DCE = ABC
†Kv‡Yi mgwó KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 180 L 90 M 120 N 360
85. wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j wewfbœ †ÿÎd‡j KZ¸‡jv 94. i. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY mgvb
ii. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY 60
wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e?
iii. †Kv‡bv n fz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jvi mgwó (n − 2) mij‡KvY
 AmsL¨ L cuvPwU M PviwU N wZbwU
86. K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
A
95. PQR mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R PR AwZfzR, P = 45 Ges O, PR
Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j−
80 100
i. PQ = QR ii. OP = OQ = OR
B
C D iii. O, PQR Gi cwi‡K›`ª
wP‡Î A + B = KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 60 L 90 M 80  100 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
87. 96.
A A
120
40 C
B
B C D
wP‡Î AB = AC n‡j A =? wP‡Î ABC m~²‡KvYx wÎfz‡R−
K 40 L 60 M 80  100 i. AB + AC  BC ii. AB − AC  BC
88. wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY 65 I 70 n‡j, Aci †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? iii. A + B = 60
K 90  45 M 60 N 30 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
89. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY 60 n‡j Aci †KvY KZ?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 60  30 M 180 N 690  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 97 I 98 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
90. ABC G A Gi mgwØLÊK AD Ges AB = AC n‡j A
i. BD = DC A
ii. AD ⊥ BC
iii. ABD = BAD
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 10 †m. wg.
B C
D
B C
91. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î− D
i. welgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûB Amgvb ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
ii. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evû mgvb 97. BAD Gi gvb KZ?
iii. mgevû wÎf‚‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb  30 L 45 M 60 N 90
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 98. ABC mgevû wÎfzR n‡j, ABC + CAB = KZ?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K 60 L 90  120 N 180
92.  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 99 I 100 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
P A
6 cm
Q R
PQR welgevû wÎfzR−
B 3 cm C
i. PQ + PR  QR ii. PQ − PR  QR
iii. QPR  PQR
99. BAC Gi gvb KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  30 L 45 M 60 N 65
Ki  i I ii M iii N i, ii I iii 100. ACB Gi gvb KZ?
K 30 L 45  60 N 90
93. wb‡Pi wP‡Î, BA║CE n‡j−  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 101 − 103 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
E A
D E
B D
C
i. ACD = ABC + BAC B C
F
ii. ACE = BAC
AB = BC = AC Ges D, E, Fh_vµ‡g AB, AC I BC Gi  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 104 I 105 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ga¨we›`y| GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 3 wg, f‚wg msjMœ 1wU †KvY 30 I f‚wgi Ab¨
101. DEF = KZ? wKQzi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ 4 wg|
K 90 L 45  60 N 30 104. f‚wgi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ wWwMÖ?
102. BC = 10 cm n‡j, DE = KZ? K 30 L 45  60 N 20
K 10 cm L 2 cm  5 cm N 6 cm 105. wÎfzRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
103. ABC + ACB = KZ? 5 L4 M7 N6
K 60 L 180  120 N 90

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 110 I 112 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A

i. mgwØevû UªvwcwRqv‡gi wZh©K evû `yBwU mgvb 2 3
ii. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Î KY© `yBwU ci¯úi mgvb Ges ci¯úi‡K Ici j¤^
iii. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi KY© `yBwU ci¯úi mgvb Ges Giv ci¯úi‡K 1 4
B C
mg‡KvY mgwØLwÊZ K‡i D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) ABC G BAC = 90 Ges AD, BC Gi Dci ga¨gv
110. 1 = 32 n‡j 3 = KZ? (ga¨g)
 32 L 44 M 48 N 64
107. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
111. 3 = 6(x + 1) Ges 4 = 7x − 3 = x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
i. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY mg‡KvY
K 15 L 12 M 10  7
ii. 100 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY 80 112. AD = (2y + 3) †m.wg. Ges BC = (12 − 8y) †m.wg. n‡j BC = KZ? (KwVb)
iii. cÖe„× †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 180 A‡cÿv †ewk Ges 360 A‡cÿv Kg K 4 †m.wg.  8 †m.wg. M 10 †m.wg. N 14 †m.wg.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) [Note : mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfz‡Ri Ici ga¨gv AwZfz‡Ri
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii A‡a©‡Ki mgvb| A_©vr AD = BD = CD]
108. wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 113 I 116 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. GKwU mij‡iLv `yBwU mij‡iLv‡K †Q` Ki‡j AvUwU †KvY Drcbœ nq
ii. GK mij‡KvY = 180 x
y
iii. †iLvi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv Av‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 150 z 60
w
113. z = KZ? (ga¨g)
 30 L 20
i. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU KY© ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j
M 40 N 60
PZzf©yRwU GKwU mvgvšÍwiK n‡e 114. w = KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU KY© Amgvb n‡j Ges Zviv K 110 L 105
ci¯úi‡K j¤^fv‡e mgwØLwÊZ n‡j PZzf©yRwU GKwU i¤^m n‡e  120 N 115
iii. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri wZbwU †KvY mg‡KvY n‡j Aci †KvbwU 115. y = KZ? (ga¨g)
m~²‡KvY n‡e K 80 L 75
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M 85  90
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 116. x = KZ? (ga¨g)
K 100  90
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M 95 N 85

œ 1  DEF-G E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq ci¯úi
cÖk- O we›`y‡Z K
†Q` K‡i‡Q| D
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2

L. †`LvI †h, DE + DF > OE + OF. 4 O
1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, EOF = 90 + D.
2
4
E F
P
L we‡kl wbe©Pb : cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx DEF wÎfzR| E I F Gi
mgwØLÊKØq h_vµ‡g EO I FO| ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, O
DE + DF > OE + OF
D
Q R
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, PQR Gi Q I R Gi
S
O
mgwØLÊKØq QO I RO ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, 2QOR = 180 − QPR.
E F
cÖgvY :
A¼b : FO †K ewa©Z Kwi †hb Zv DE †K S we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖgvY : 1| OQR − G [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
QOR + OQR + ORQ = 180 mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1 1 [QO I RO h_vµ‡g
(1) DFS-G DF + DS > SF [wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB ev, QOR + 2 PQR + 2
evûi mgwó Z…Zxq evû PQR I PRQ
ev, DF + DS > OF + OS ......(i) PRQ = 180
A‡cÿv e„nËi] Gi mgwØLÊK]
(2) Avevi, EOS-G 1
OS + ES > OE ........(ii)
ev, QOR + 2 (PQR +
(3) (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB, PRQ) = 180 ............(1)
DF + DS + OS + ES > OF + OS + OE 2|  OQR − G [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
ev, DF + DE + OS > OF + OS + QPR + PQR + PRQ = 180 mgwó wZb mg‡KvY]
OE [ DS + ES = DE]
ev, PQR + PRQ = 180 −
 DF + ED > OE + OF (cÖgvwYZ) [Dfq cÿ n‡Z OS ev` w`‡q] QPR ........................(2)
3| (1) I (2) †_‡K cvB,
M Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 12 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`L| 1
QOR + (180 − QPR) = 180
2
œ 2  ABC G B I C Gi mgwØLÊK `yBwU O we›`y‡Z
cÖk- 1
wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| ev, QOR + 90 − 2 QPR = 180
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPwýZ wPÎ AuvK| 2 ev, QOR = 180 − 90 + 2 QPR
1
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 + 2 A. 4 1
ev, QOR = 90 + 2 QPR
M. AB I AC evû‡K ewa©Z Ki‡j B I C we›`y‡Z †h ewnt‡KvY
`yBwU Drcbœ nq, Zv‡ì mgwØLÊK `yBwU P we›`y‡Z ev, 2QOR = 180 + QPR (cÖgvwYZ)
1 [ †evW© cÖ‡kœ wKQz fzj Av‡Q ]
wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, BPC = 90 − 2 A. 4 M
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  P
Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`L| O

œ 3  PQR Gi Q I R Gi mgwØLÊK O we›`y‡Z ci¯úi
cÖk- O
wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Q R
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2 we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, PQR GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| Q I
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 2QOR = 180 − QPR. 4 R Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g QO I RO ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z
M. PQR wÎfzRwU mgevû n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, PO = QO = wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| P, O †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PO =
RO. 4 QO = RO.
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv : 1| POQ Ges QOR − G [OQ, PQR Gi
P
OQP = OQR mgwØLÊK]
OQ mvaviY evû
D ev, PQ = QR [ PQR mgevû
 POQ  QOR wÎfzR]
 PO = QO .....................(i)
Q R 2| POR I OQR- G
wP‡Î, PQR Gi Q I R Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g OQ I ORP = ORQ [OR, PRQ Gi
OR ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| OR mvaviY evû mgwØLÊK]
L PR = QR
 POR  OQR
 PO = RO .......................(ii)
3| (i) I (ii) †_‡K cvB, ev, 2AC = QR
PO = QO = RO (cÖgvwYZ).  QR = 2AC (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
œ 4  meyR mv‡n‡ei km¨ †ÿÎ  AvK…wZi| wZwb cvwL Zvov‡bvi M ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß wP‡Î,
cÖk- B, QR Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e
Rb¨ kxl©we›`y P, Q, R Ges wZbwU evûi ga¨we›`y A, B, C LyuwU w`‡q †h, PQ + PR  2PB.
P − Q; Q − R; R − P; A − C Ges P − B †iLv eivei `wo †eu‡a A¼b : PB †K L ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb, PB = BL
w`‡jb| nq| L, R †hvM Kwi|
P
K. Z_¨vbymv‡i R¨vwgwZK wPÎ AuvK| 2
L. †`LvI †h, AC || QR Ges QR = 2AC. 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ + PR  2PB. 4
Q R
B
K
P
L
A C cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1| PBQ I BLR− G [A¼bvbymv‡i]
Q R
B PB = BL [ B, QR-Gi ga¨we›`y]
†Ìqv Av‡Q, meyR mv‡n‡ei km¨‡ÿÎ  AvK…wZi| wZwb cvwL QB = BR [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j]
Zvov‡bvi Rb¨ kxl©we›`y P, Q, R Ges wZbwU evûi ga¨we›`y, A, Ges AšÍf©y³ PBQ = AšÍf©y³
B I C LyuwU w`‡q P − Q; Q − R; R − P; A − C Ges P − B †iLv LBR
 PBQ  BLR
[wÎf‡Ri †h †Kv‡bv `yB
eivei `wo †eu‡a w`‡jb| Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv|  PQ = LR evûi mgwó Z…Zxq evû
L GLv‡b PQR-Gi PQ, QR I PR Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv h_vµ‡g 2| GLb, PLR- G A‡cÿv e„nËi]
A, BI C. PR + LR  PL [ PL = PB + BL]
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AC || QR Ges QR = 2AC. [ LR = PQ Ges
P  PR + LR  PB + BL PB = BL]
ev, PR + PQ  PB + PB
C
 PQ + PR  2PB (cÖgvwYZ)
A K
œ 5  PQR Gi PR = QR, QR †K M ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv
cÖk-
Q R
†hb QR = MR
B
A¼b : ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß wP‡Î AC †K K ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e K. GKwU wÎfzR Gu‡K Gi ga¨gv¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| 2
ewa©Z Kwi †hb CK = AC nq| L. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ + PM > 2PR 4
cÖgvY : M. cÖgvY Ki †h, QPM = 1 mg‡KvY| 4
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1| PAC I CRK-Gi g‡a¨ K
PC = CR [ C, PR-Gi A
ga¨we›`y]
AC = CK [A¼bvbymv‡i]
ACP = RCK F
 APC  CRK
[wecÖ Zxc †KvY] E
 AP = RK.
(2) Ges PAC = CKR Ges B C
D
APC = CRK wKš‘ Giv
ABC-Gi AD, BE I CF 3wU ga¨gv|
GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j,
L.
AP || RK Ges Q
AK || QR
 AC || QR (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) R
(3)  PA = QA, QA I RK P M
ci¯úi mgvb I mgvšÍivj| †Ìqv Av‡Q, PQR G PR = QR| QR †K M ch©šÍ ewa©Z
(4) Avevi, AK I QR ci¯úi mgvb Kiv n‡jv †hb QR = MR nq| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQ +
I mgvšÍivj| PM > 2PR
(5)  AK = QR cÖgvY :
ev, AC + CK = QR avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
ev, AC + AC = QR [ CK = AC]
1| PQM − G [wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB P
PQ + PM > QM evûi mgwó Z…Zxq evû
ev, PQ + PM >QR + RM A‡cÿv e„nËi] E
ev, PQ + PM >QR + QR [QR = MR] D F
ev, PQ + PM > 2QR
 PQ + PM >2PR [QR = PR] (cÖgvwYZ) Q R
M. g‡b Kwi, PQR G PQ I PR Gi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D, E|

Q 1
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e DE = 2 QR
R
A¼b : DE †K F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb DE = EF nq| R, F
M
P
†hvM Kwi|
†Ìqv Av‡Q, PQR G PR = QR| QR †K M ch©šÍ ewa©Z cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
Kiv n‡jv †hb RM = QR nq| 1. PDE I EFR G
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, QPM = 1 mg‡KvY| PE = ER [E, PR Gi ga¨we›`y]
cÖgvY : DE = EF [A¼b]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv AšÍfz©³ PED = AšÍfz©³ REF
PDE = EFR
1| PQM − G PR = QR [ †Ìqv Av‡Q]  PD = ER
 QPR = PQR [mgvb mgvb evûi wecixZ A_©vr DQ = FR
Avevi, PRM G †KvYØq mgvb] Ges EPD = ERF [GKvšÍi †KvY]
PR = MR [PR = QR, QR = MR]  PQ || RF
RPM = PMR A_©vr DQ || RF
ev, QPR = RPM = PQR + PMR 2. QDRF PZzfz©‡Ri `ywU wecixZ evû DQ I RF mgvb I mgvšÍivj
QPM = PQM + PMQ nIqvq Aci wecixZ evû DF I QR mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
2| GLb, PQM G  DF = QR
QPM + PQM + PMQ = 180 [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi 3. Avevi, DE = EF
ev, QPM + QPM = 180 mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] 1
 DE = DF
ev, 2QPM = 180 2
1
 QPM = 90 ev 1 mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)  DE = QR (cÖgvwYZ)
2
M.
Q
œ 6  Avigvb mv‡n‡ei wÎfzRvK…wZ GKLÊ Rwg Av‡Q| RwgwU
cÖk-
wZbwU kxl©¯’vb P, Q, R G wZbwU LuywU Av‡Q| RwgwUi PQ cv‡ki
wVK gvSLv‡b D ¯’v‡b GKwU LuywU Av‡Q Ges PR cv‡ki wVK
gvSLv‡b E ¯’v‡b GKwU LuywU Av‡Q| [P. †ev. b. cÖ.Õ15] P
E
R
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn RwgwUi GKwU wPwýZ wPÎ A¼b Ki|2

1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, DE = 2 QR 4 F
g‡b Kwi, PQR G E, PR Gi ga¨we›`y cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e,
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ + QR > 2QE 4 PQ + QR > 2QE|
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : QE †K F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb QE = EF nq| P, F
†hvM Kwi|
K cÖgvY :
A
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1| QER I PEF G
D E QE = EF [A¼b]
ER = PE [E, PR Gi ga¨we›`y]
B C AšÍfz©³ QER = AšÍfz©³ PEF
D
  QER = PEF
g‡b Kwi, Avigvb mv‡n‡ei RwgwU PQR| RwgwUi P, Q, R  QR = PF
¯’v‡b wZbwU LuywU Av‡Q| PQ cv‡ki wVK gvSLv‡b D ¯’v‡b 2|  PQF G PQ + PF > QF [wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
GKwU LuywU Av‡Q Ges PR cv‡ki wVK gvSLv‡b E ¯’v‡b GKwU ev, PQ + QR > QE + EF evûi †hvMdj Z…Zxq evû
LuywU Av‡Q| ev, PQ + QR > QE + QE A‡cÿv e„nËi]
L.  PQ + QR > 2QE (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 7
cÖk-
A (i) hw` AC = AB nq, ABC =
ACB wKš‘ kZ©vbyhvqx ABC
 ACB Zv cÖ`Ë kZ©we‡ivax|
(ii) Avevi, hw` AC < AB nq, Z‡e
ABC < ACB n‡e|
B C
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸wji DËi `vI : wKš‘ ZvI cÖ`Ë kZ©we‡ivax|
K. R¨vwgwZK Dccv‡`ï cÖgv‡Y avçwj Kx Kx? 2 myZivs, AC evû AB Gi mgvb ev AB †_‡K ¶z`ªZi n‡Z cv‡i bv|
L. hw` ABC Gi ABC >ACB nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki AZGe, AC > AB (cÖgvwYZ)
†h, AC >AB 4 ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y Q n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, AB +
M. ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y Q n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, AC > 2AQ.
AB + AC > 2 AQ 4 we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ABC Gi BC evûi ga¨we›`y Q| A, Q †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY
K R¨vwgwZK Dccv‡`ï cÖgv‡Y avç‡jv n‡”QÑ Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB + AC > 2AQ
1. mvaviY wbe©Pb A¼b : AQ †K E ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb, AQ =
2. wPÎ I we‡kl wbe©Pb QE nq| E, C †hvM Kwi|
3. cÖ‡qvRbxq A¼‡bi eY©bv Ges cÖgvY :
4. cÖgv‡Yi †hŠw³K avç‡jvi eY©bv| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A 1| ABQ Ges ECQ G
BQ = CQ [Q, AC Gi
AG = EQ ga¨we›`y]
AšÍfz©³ AQB = AšÍfz©³ EQC A¼b Abymv‡i]
B C
ABC  BQC
myZivs AB = BC ............ (i) [wÎfz‡Ri
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi ABC > ACB. (2) GLb, AEC G AC + CE > AE
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AC > AB. †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
ev, AC + AB > AQ + QE evûi mgwó
cÖgvY : ev, AB + AC > AQ + AQ
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv Z…Zxq evû
 AB + AC > 2AQ (cÖgvwYZ) A‡cÿv e„nËi]
1| hw` AC evû AB A‡cÿv e„nËi bv
nq, Z‡e (i) AC = AB A_ev (ii)
AC < AB n‡e|

œ 8  ABC Gi BC evû‡K ewa©Z Kivq Gi ewnt¯’ ACD
cÖk- A E
Drcbœ nq|
K. Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ Gu‡K ewnt¯’ I AšÍt¯’ †KvY
wPwýZ Ki| 2 B D
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ewnt¯’ †KvYwU Zvi wecixZ AšÍt¯’ C
†KvYØ‡qi mgwói mgvb| 4 g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq
M. †`LvI †h, ewnt¯’ †KvYwU AšÍt¯’ wecixZ ewnt¯’ †KvY ACD Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
ACD = BAC + ABC
†KvYØ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU A‡cÿv e„nËi| 4
A¼b : C we›`y w`‡q BA evûi
mgvšÍivj K‡i CE iwk¥ Uvwb|
K. avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A (1) BA ║ CE [A¼b Abymv‡i]
Ges AC †Q`K|
 BAC = ACE [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
(2) Avevi, BA ║ CE Ges BD †Q`K| (i)
B D
 ABC = ECD [Aby i ƒc †KvY e‡j]
C
ABC Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY ACD Ges AšÍt¯’ †KvY ABC,  (ii)
ACB Ges BAC
L.
(3) (i) bs I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB, [ ACE + ECD mg‡KvY (i) mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
BAC + ABC = ACE + ECD = ACD] (2) Avevi, AC iwk¥ cÖvšÍwe›`y C †Z
ev, BAC + ABC = ACD (cÖgvwYZ) Aci GKwU mij‡iLv BD
ACD = BAC + ABC wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
M. d‡j ACB Ges ACD
A
mwbœwnZ †KvYØq Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|
ACB + ACD = 2 mg‡KvY
 (ii)
(3) (i) bs I (ii) bs Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
B D ACB + ACD = ABC +
C ACB + BAC
g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq ev, ACD = ABC + BAC[Dfqcÿ †_‡K mgvb †KvY
ewnt¯’ ACD Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| ACD  ABC Ges ev` w`‡q]
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ewnt¯’ ACD  AšÍt¯’ wecixZ ACD  BAC (cÖgvwYZ)
BAC Ges ewnt¯’ ACD  AšÍt¯’ wecixZ ABC
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC Gi
ABC + ACB + BAC = 2 [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi

œ 9  ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfyR †Ìqv n‡jv
cÖk- A
A
B C
D
B C
K. ABC-G AD, BE I CF wZbwU ga¨gv AuvK| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB + AC > 2AD 4 G
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, ga¨gvÎ‡qi mgwó Zvi cwimxgv g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi AD ga¨gv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
A‡cÿv ¶z`ªZi| 4 AB + AC > 2AD
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : AD evû‡K G ch©šÍ Giƒcfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb,
K. AD = DG nq| C, G †hvM Kwi|
A cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABD I CDG G
F E AD = DG [A¼bvbymv‡i]
BD = CD [ D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
B C
Ges AšÍf©y³ ADB = AšÍf©y³
D CDG [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j]
ABC-Gi wZbwU ga¨gv AD, BE I CF AuvKv n‡jv|  ABD  CDG
 AB = CG [wÎfy‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
L. evûi mgwó Zvi Z…Zxq
(2) GLb, ACG G AC + CG > AG
evû A‡cÿv e„nËi]
[ AG = AD + DG]
ev, AC + CG > AD + DG [ AD = DG]
ev, AC + CG > AD + AD [ AB = CG]
ev, AC + AB > 2AD
 AB + AC > 2AD (cÖgvwYZ)
M.
A cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC Gi E I D h_vµ‡g AB I [ wÎfy‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
F E AC Gi ga¨we›`y| evûi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK
 ED  BC †iLvsk Z…Zxq evûi
mgvšÍivj]
B D C  AED = BED = GK mg‡KvY|
[Abyiƒc †KvY]
g‡b Kwi, ABC G AD, BE I CF wZbwU ga¨gv| cÖgvY (2) GLb, AED I BED Gi g‡a¨
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ga¨gvÎ‡qi mgwó Zvi cwimxgv A‡cÿv ¶z`ªZi AE = BE [ E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y]
A_©vr, AD + BE + CF < AB + BC + AC DE mvaviY evû
cÖgvY : Ges AšÍf©y³ AED = AšÍf©y³ [mg‡KvY]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv BED
(1) ÔLÕ n‡Z Avgiv cvB,  AED  BED
AB + AC > 2AD  (i)  AD = BD
1
(2) Abyiƒ‡c, AB + BC > 2BE  (ii) (3) wKš‘, AD = 2 AC
Ges BC + CA > 2CF  (iii) 1
(3) mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,  BD = AC (cÖgvwYZ)
2
AB + AC + AB + BC + BC + AC > 2AD + 2BE + 2CF M.
ev, 2(AB + BC + AC) > 2(AD + BE + CF) A
ev, AB + BC + AC > AD + BE + CF
 AD + BE + CF < AB + BC + AC D
AZGe, ga¨gvÎ‡qi mgwó Zvi cwimxgv A‡cÿv ¶z`ªZi|
(cÖgvwYZ)
B C
œ 10  ABC wÎfy‡Ri B = GK mg‡KvY Ges D, AwZfyR AC
cÖk-
Gi ga¨we›`y| ABC G B = GK mg‡KvY Ges D, AC Gi ga¨we›`y Ges
AB = BC| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABD  BCD Ges
K. DcwiD³ Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 2 2 2
1 AB = BD + AD
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BD = 2 AC 4 cÖgvY :
M. hw` AB = BC nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, ABD  avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
BCD Ges AB2 = BD2 + AD2 4 (1) ABD I BCD-G
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  AB = BC [†Ìqv Av‡Q]
K. AD = CD [ D, AC Gi ga¨we›`y]
A Ges BD mvaviY evû
 ABD  BCD
D (2) †h‡nZz AB = BC
myZivs ABC GKwU mgwØevû wÎfyR|
Avevi, D, AC Gi ga¨we›`y e‡j BD ⊥ AC
B C myZivs, ABD GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfyR
ABC wÎfy‡R B = GK mg‡KvY Ges AwZfyR AC Gi hvi ADB = GK mg‡KvY|
ga¨we›`y D (3) AB2 = AD2 + BD2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
L.  ABD  BCD
A Ges AB2 = BD2 + AD2 (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 11  ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfyR hvi BC, CA I AB evûi
cÖk-
E D ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D, E, F
K. DcwiD³ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎwU AuvK Ges mswÿß
eY©bv `vI| 2
1
B C L. cÖgvY Ki †h, FE  BC Ges FE = 2 BC 4
ABC Gi B = GK mg‡KvY Ges D, AwZfyR AC Gi M. cÖgvY Ki †h, DEF GKwU mgevû wÎfyR| 4
1
ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BD = 2 AC  11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A¼b : AB Gi ga¨we›`y E wbB Ges D, E †hvM Kwi|
K.
A ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfyR A_©vr AB = BC = AC cÖgvY
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DEF GKwU mgevû wÎfyR|
F cÖgvY : ÔLÕ n‡Z Avgiv cvB,
E
1
FE = BC
2
B C 1
D
Abyiƒ‡c, DE = 2AB
ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfyR hvi AB = BC = CA BC, CA I 1
Ges FD = 2AC
AB Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv h_vµ‡g D, E I F
L. †h‡nZz AB = BC = AC
A 1 1 1
ev, 2AB = 2 BC = 2AC
ev, DE = FE = FD
F E K  DEF GKwU mgevû wÎfyR (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 12  ABC Gi B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq O we›`y‡Z

cÖk-
B wgwjZ nq|
D C
K. eY©bvbyhvqx wPÎwU AuvK Ges mswÿß eY©bv `vI| 2
ABC Gi BC, CA I AB Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv h_vµ‡g D, E I
1
F cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, FE  BC Ges FE = 2 BC
1 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 + 2 A 4
A¼b : F, E †hvM Kwi Ges FE †K Ggbfv‡e K ch©šÍ ewa©Z M. ABC mgevû wÎfyR n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AO = BO
Kwi †hb EK = FE nq| C, K †hvM Kwi| = CO 4
cÖgvY :  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv K.
(1) AFE I CEK-Gi g‡a¨ A
AE = EC [ E, AC Gi ga¨we›`y]
FE = EK. [A¼bvbymv‡i] O
AEF = CEK [wecÖZxc †KvY]
B C
 AFE  CEK
ABC Gi B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z
 AF = CK
(2) GLb AFE = EKC Ges wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
L.
FAE = ECK
A
wKš‘ Giv GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j,
AF  CK
 FK  BC O
 FE  BC (cÖgvwYZ)
(3) Avevi, FK = BC B C
ev, FE + EK = BC ABC Gi B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z
ev, FE + FE = BC wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BOC = 90 + 21 A
ev, 2FE = BC cÖgvY :
1 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 FE = BC (cÖgvwYZ)
2
(1) ABC-G
M. A + B + C = 180 [ wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
A
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
1 1 1
ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90 [Dfq cÿ‡K 2 Øviv fvM
F E 1 1 1 K‡i]
ev, 2 B + 2 C = 90 − 2 A
 (i)
B (2) GLb, BOC-G
D C [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180 mgwó `yB
1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = 180 mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb]
[(i) n‡Z] ABC GKwU wÎfyR hvi ACD I ABE `yBwU ewnt¯’ †KvY|
1
ev, BOC + 90 − 2 A = 180 L.
1 A F
ev, BOC = 180 − 90 + 2 A
1 (cÖgvwYZ)
 BOC = 90 + 2 A
M.
A B C D
g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq
ACD ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ n‡q‡Q hvi wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvY
O BAC I ABC| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACD = BAC +
B C
ABC-G AB = AC = BC cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AO = BO = CO ABC|
cÖgvY : A¼b : C we›`y‡Z BA evûi mgvšÍivj CF iwk¥ Uvwb|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv cÖgvY :
(1) BOC = 90 + A
1
[ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
2
(1) BA  CF Ges AC G‡ì †Q`K|
†h‡nZz ABC mgevû wÎfyR,
 BAC = ACF  (i) [GKvšÍi †KvY]
myZivs, A = B = C = 60
1 (2) Avevi, BA  CF Ges BD G‡ì †Q`K|
 BOC = 90 +  60  ABC = FCD  (ii) [Abyiƒc †KvY]
2
= 90 + 30 = 120 (3) (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
1 BAC + ABC = ACF + FCD
(2) Abyiƒcfv‡e, AOB = 90 + 2 C
ev, BAC + ABC = ACD
1
= 90 +  60  ACD = BAC + ABC (cÖgvwYZ)
2
= 120 M.
Ges AOC = 120 A
(3) GLb AOB, AOC I BOC-G
AOB = AOC = BOC = 120
Ges OBC = OCB = OCA =
OAC = OAB = OBA = 30
 AOB  AOC  BOC E D
B C
 AO = BO = CO (cÖgvwYZ)
ABC Gi `yBwU ewnt¯’ †KvY ACD I ABE| cÖgvY
œ 13  ABC GKwU wÎfyR †Ìqv n‡jv hvi ACD I ABE
cÖk-
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACD + ABE > 2 mg‡KvY|
`yBwU ewnt¯’ †KvY|
cÖgvY :
K. eY©bvbymv‡i wPÎwU AuvK| 2 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ACD = BAC + ABC 4 (1) ÔLÕ bs n‡Z Avgiv cvB,
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, ACD + ABE > 2 mg‡KvY| 4 ewnt¯’ ACD = BAC + ABC  (i)
(2) Avevi, ewnt¯’ ABE = BAC + ACB  (ii)
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (3) (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
K. ACD + ABE = BAC + ABC + BAC + ACB
A
ev, ACD + ABE = A + B + C + A
ev, ACD + ABE = 180 + A
[ wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
mgwó 180]
 ACD + ABE > 2 mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
E B C D
wewf bœ ¯‹z‡ j i wbe©v wPZ m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mgvavb

œ 14  ABC Gi AB  AC Ges B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq
cÖk- A
O we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| Avevi A Gi mgwØLÊK AD †iLv BC D

evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx ABC wÎfzRwU AuvK| 2 B C
1
L. Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 20 bs cÖ‡kœi M bs mgvavb `ªóe¨|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 + 2 A 4 M.
A
M. †`LvI †h, ADB ¯’~j‡KvY| 4
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  E D
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨ †_‡K GKwU wÎfzR A¼b Kiv n‡jv : B C

A F
†h‡nZz AB = BC ZvB ABC GKwU mgwØevû mg‡KvYx
wÎfzR| AC AwZfzR Ges D, BC Gi Dci †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y|
O cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e DA2 + DC2 = 2BD2 ABC mgwØevû
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR nIqvq B = 90, A = C = 45|
B C DF, BC Gi Dci j¤^
D
L. Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 12 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb `ªóe¨| myZivs DFC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
M. Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 18 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb `ªóe¨| DC AwZfzR Ges DCF = FDC = 45
[ C = 45]
œ 15  wb‡Pi wPÎ `ywU jÿ Ki:
cÖk-  DF = FC,
A D GKB Kvi‡Y DE = AE
DFC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
DC2 = DF2 + FC2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨vbymv‡i]
= DF2 + DF2 ............... [ DF = FC]
B C F DC2 = 2DF2 .....................(i)
E AED mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
K. 2q wP‡Î DEF = 90 n‡j wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m¤úK©wU AD2 = ED2 + AE2
†jL| 2 = ED2 + ED2 ............ [ ED = AE]
AD2 = 2ED2 ................(ii)
L. 1g wP‡Î ABC  ACB n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AC DF, BC Gi Dci Ges ED, AB Gi Dci j¤^ nIqvq EDBF
 AB. 4 GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ n‡e| myZivs DE = BF mgxKiY (i) I (ii)
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq O †hvM K‡i cvB
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 + DC2 + AD2 = 2DF2 + 2ED2
1 = 2(DF2 + ED2)
A| 4 = 2(DF2 + BF2) [ DE = BF]
2
wKš‘ BDF mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri DF2 + BF2 = BD2
 15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  AD2 + DC2 = 2BD2
K. 2q wP‡Î E = 90 n‡j DE j¤^, EF f‚wg, Ges DF  AD2 + DC2 = 2BD2 (cÖgvwYZ)
AwZfzR| œ 17  ABC GKwU wÎfzRvK…wZ gvV| Dnvi e„nËg evû BC =
cÖk-
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m¤ú‡K© †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, 18 wgUvi Aci `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ AB = 12 wgUvi Ges AC = 9
2 2
AwZfzR = f‚wg + j¤^ 2 wgUvi|
 DF2 = EF2 + DE2 K. evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ wbY©q K‡i wÎfzRvK…wZ gv‡Vi
L. Dccv`¨ 13 bs `ªóe¨| GKwU AbycvwZK wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
M. Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 12 cÖ‡kœi mgvavb `ªóe¨| L. R¨vwgwZK c×wZ‡Z cÖgvY Ki †h, AB I AC
œ 16  ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| B = GK mg‡KvY| D
cÖk- evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`y Ø‡qi ms‡hvRK †iLvs‡ki ˆ`N©¨ 9
AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| [gqgbwmsn wRjv ¯‹zj]
wgUvi| 4
M. A Gi mgwØLÊK BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q`
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU AuvK I wPwýZ Ki| 2 Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, ADB GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| 4
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BD = 2 AC. 4  17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. hw` ABC G AB = BC nq Ges D AwZfzR AC K. ABC wÎfzRvK…wZ gv‡Vi cÖwZwU cv‡k¦©i ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ
Gi Dc‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, DA2 BC : AB : AC = 18 : 12 : 9
+ DC2 = 2BD2. 4 A_©vr BC : AB : AC = 6 : 4 : 3
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Zvn‡j gv‡Vi AvbycvwZK wPÎwU n‡e wbgœiƒc-
K. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbyhvqx wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
C 1
myZivs, DE = 2  18 wgUvi = 9 wgUvi = 9 wgUvi (cÖgvwYZ)
6
3 M. Abykxjbx 6.3 Gi 18 bs `ªóe¨|
A B
4
L. wÎfzRwUi AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D I E n‡j
1
cÖgvY Kiv hvq DE = 2 BC|
cÖgvY : BC = 18 wgUvi

œ 18  ABC Gi ABC  ACB|
cÖk- œ 22  PQR Gi Q I R Gi mgwØLÊKØq M we›`y‡Z
cÖk-
K. DcwiD³ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z ABC Gi wPÎ AuvK| 2 wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ABC Gi AC  AB 4 K. cÖ`Ë kZ©vbymv‡i PQR Gi wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
M. wÎfzRwUi A Gi mgwØLÊK AE, BC †K E we›`y‡Z †Q` 1
Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AEB m~²‡KvY| 4 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, QMR = 90 + 2 P 4
œ 19  ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| B = GK mg‡KvY| D M.  PQR Gi Af¨šÍ‡i †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y D n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
cÖk-
AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| PQ + PR  QD + DR 4
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU AuvK I wPwýZ Ki| œ 23  ABC GKB mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi A = GK mg‡KvY| BC
2 cÖk-
4 evûi ga¨we›`y D
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BD = 2 AC
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2
M. hw` ABC G AB = BC nq Ges D AwZfzR AC Gi Dc‡ii L. †`LvI †h, AB2 + AC2 = BC2 4
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, DA2 + DC2 = 2BD2 4 1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, AD = 2 BC 4
œ 20  PQR Gi PQ I PR evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g M I N|
cÖk-
K. mswÿß weeiYmn wÎfzRwU AuvK| œ 24  ABC G AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D I E; D,
2 cÖk-
4 E †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, MN  QR Ges MN = 2 QR
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z GKwU wÎfzR AuvK| 2
M. PQ = PR Ges QPR = 70 n‡j, QMN wbY©q Ki| 4 1
œ 21  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R C = GK mg‡KvY| A Gi L. cÖgvY Ki DE  BC Ges DE = 2 BC
cÖk- 4
mgwØLÊK AD, BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| M. ABC Gi B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq O we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 1
n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, BOC = 90 + 2 A 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADB ¯’~j‡KvY| 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BDCD 4

œ 25  wb‡Pi wP‡Î AB I AC Gi ga¨we›`y D I E Ges
cÖk- K. 120 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY Ges ECB †Kv‡Yi
DE  BC I BD  CF gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
A L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADE  CEF 4
120 1
M. D we›`y AB evûi ga¨we›`y n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, DE = 2 BC 4
D
F
E  25bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. 120 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †KvY = 180 − 120 = 60
B C
A cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AD = BD [ AB Gi ga¨we›`y D]
120
Ges AE = CE [ AC Gi ga¨we›`y E]
D F
E
(2) DBCF PZzf©y‡R BD = CF
I BD  CF
 AD = BD = CF
B C
(3) ADE I ECF-Ø‡q
wPÎvbyhvqx, AEF = 120 AD = CF AE = CE
Zvn‡j, AED = 180 − 120 = 60 Ges AED = CEF [ wecÖZxc †KvY]
myZivs AED = BCE = 60 [Abyiƒc †KvY]  ADE  CEF (cÖgvwYZ)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AB I AC evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`y D I E| DF  M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, D we›`y AB Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
BC I BD  CF 1
DE = BC
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ADE  CEF 2
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AB Gi ga¨we›`y D Ges DF  BC
e‡j AC Gi ga¨we›`y E n‡e|
ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, ADE  CEF
A_©vr DE = EF
1
 DE = DF
2
[ DF Gi ga¨we›`y E]
(2) BCFD PZzf©y‡Ri BD = CF [ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB]
Ges BD  CF I DF  BC
A_©vr BCFD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
myZivs DF = BC 
1 1
(3) (1) I (2) n‡Z, DE = 2 DF = 2 BC [ DF = BC]
1
 DE = BC (cÖgvwYZ)
2
mßg Aa¨vq
eënvwiK R¨vwgwZ Archemeds
wMÖK MwYZwe` AvwK©wgwWm (287 − 212) cÖ_g cÖgvY K‡ib e„‡Ëi
Practical Geometry †ÿ Îdj Zvi e¨vmv‡a©ï e‡M©i  ¸wYZ‡Ki mgvb| cvkvcvwk wÎfzR
I PZzf©yR m¤úwK©Z m¤úv`¨ cÖwZôvKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡Lb|
A b yk xj b x 7 .1
cÖ‡Z¨K wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû I wZbwU †KvY i‡q‡Q| Z‡e †Kv‡bv F
G A
wÎfy‡Ri AvKvi I AvK…wZ wbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨ me¸‡jv evû I †Kv‡Yi E
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †hgb, wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY
e‡j Gi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU †Kv‡Yi gvb †Ìqv _vK‡j Z…Zxq †KvYwUi B a C D
gvb †ei Kiv hvq| mßg †kªwY‡Z Avgiv wbgœewY©Z DcvË †_‡K (5) `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì GKwUi wecixZ †KvY
wÎfyR AuvK‡Z wk‡LwQ| E
(1) wZbwU evû c
A
a A
b b B C C D
c
c (6) mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri AwZfyR I Aci GKwU evû
b
B a C D A
c
(2) `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY
a E c
b
b
A x x
B C D
b jÿYxq †h, Dc‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡Î wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU Ask wbw`©ó Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU Ask wbw`©ó Ki‡jB wÎfyRwU wbw`©ó
x nq bv| †hgb, wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j wewfbœ AvKv‡ii
AmsL¨ wÎfyR AuvKv hvq (hv‡ì m`„k wÎfyR ejv hvq)|
x C
C z
a B x y
(3) `yBwU †KvY I Zv‡ì msjMœ evû A
y x
B
a
C
E
F z
z
A
x
y x
A B
x y A‡bK mgq wÎfyR AuvKvi Rb¨ Ggb wZbwU DcvË †Ìqv _v‡K,
B c D
hv‡ì mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ A¼‡bi gva¨‡g wÎfyRwU wba©viY Kiv hvq|
y a
(4) `yBwU †KvY I GKwUi wecixZ evû

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë DcvË wb‡q wÎfyR A¼b Ki : mgvavb :
K. wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3 †m.wg., 35 †m.wg., 28 †m.wg.|
A cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABC G,
a 3·5 †m.wg. ABC = 60, ACB = 45 Ges †KvYØ‡qi msjMœ evû BC = 5 †m.wg.
b 3 †m.wg. c b
 ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
c 2·8 †m.wg.
B E
a C N. `yBwU †KvY 60 I 45 Ges 45 †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.|
g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 35 †m.wg., b = 3 mgvavb :
†m.wg. Ges c = 28 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| G
E
A¼b : A
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| y
(2) GLb B †K †K›`ª K‡i c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Ges C †K a 5 †m.wg. F
†K›`ª K‡i b Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC †iLvi GKB cv‡k
`yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| 60 y 45
(3) e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A, B I A, C †hvM Kwi| x
y
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| B
x x
D
a C
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABCG AB = 28 †m.wg., BC = 35
†m.wg. Ges AC = 3 †m.wg.| g‡b Kwi, wÎfy‡Ri `yBwU †KvY x = 60 I y = 45 Ges 45
†Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû a = 5 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z
n‡e|
L. `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg., 3 †m.wg. Ges AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60|
A¼b :
mgvavb :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U
E
A wbB|
a 4 †m.wg. (2) BC †iLvi B I C we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBE I
c 3 †m.wg. c
DCF AuvwK|
x 60  B D (3) Avevi, CF †iLvi C we›`y‡Z Gi †h cv‡k x Aew¯’Z Zvi
a C wecixZ cv‡k y Gi mgvb K‡i FCG AuvwK|
g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfy‡Ri `yBwU evû a = 4 †m.wg. I c = 3 †m.wg.
(4) CG †iLv BE †iLv‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` Kij|
Ges Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY x = 60 †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
n‡e|
A¼b : cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABC = FCD| wKš‘ †KvY `yBwU
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| Abiƒc nIqvq ABCF
(2) BC †iLvi B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBE AuvwK| GLb, AB  CF Ges AC Zv‡ì †Q`K|
(3) BE †iLv n‡Z C Gi mgvb K‡i BA †iLvsk †K‡U wbB|  BAC = GKvšÍi ACF = 45
(4) A, C †hvM Kwi| AZGe, ABC-G
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| BAC = 45, ABC = 60 Ges BAC Gi wecixZ evû BC =
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i ABC-G AB = 3 †m.wg., BC = 4 †m.wg. 5 †m.wg.|
Ges evûØ‡qi AšÍf©y³ ABC = 60|  ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
O `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 45 †m.wg. I 35 †m.wg. Ges wØZxq
M. `yBwU †KvY 60 I 45 Ges G‡ì msjMœ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.| evûi wecixZ †KvY 30|
mgvavb :
E
mgvavb :
F x 4.5 †m.wg.
A 3.5 †m.wg. E
a 5 †m.wg. y
A
x y y
60 45 x y 30
x B D p p
y a C B D
C C
g‡b Kwi, wÎfy‡Ri `yBwU †KvY x = 60 I y = 45 Ges msjMœ
GKwU evû a = 5 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfy‡Ri `yBwU evû x = 45 †m.wg. I y = 35
A¼b : †m.wg. Ges wØZxq evûi wecixZ †KvY P = 30 †Ìqv Av‡Q|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
(2) BC †iLvi B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBE AuvwK|
A¼b :
(3) Avevi, BC †iLvi C we›`y‡Z y Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvi †h
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD wbB| BD iwk¥i B we›`y‡Z P Gi mgvb
cv‡k EBC Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BCF AuvwK|
Zviv ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| K‡i DBE AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| (2) BE †iLv n‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i BA †iLvsk †K‡U wbB|
(3) GLb, A †K †K›`ª K‡i y Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC
e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU BD †K C I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb
(4) A, C I A, C †hvM Kwi| K‡i CBF AuvwK|
(2) BF iwk¥ †_‡K s Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask KvwU|
Zvn‡j, ABC Ges ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| C we›`y‡Z DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k B we›`y
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABC-G AB = 45 †m.wg., AC = 35 Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BDC Gi mgvb K‡i DCG AuvwK|
†m.wg. Ges AC evûi wecixZ †KvY ABC = 30| (4) CG iwk¥ BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Avevi, ABC-G AB = 45 †m.wg., AC = 35 †m.wg. Ges AC Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
evûi wecixZ †KvY ABC = 30| cÖgvY : ACD G ADC = ACD [A¼b Abymv‡i]
 AC = AD
 ABC Ges ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
GLb, ABC G, ABC = x, BC = a [A¼b Abymv‡i]
P mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri AwZfyR I GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 6 †m.wg. Ges BA + AC = BA + AD = BD = s
I 4 †m.wg.| AZGe, ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
mgvavb : L. f‚wg 4 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY 50 I Aci `yB evûi
E
A
mgwó 75 †m.wg.|
a 4 †m.wg.
mgvavb :
b 6 †m.wg. F
b 4 †m.wg. D
a G
s 7·5 †m.wg.
B D
a C A
g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri a
GKwU evû a = 4 †m.wg.
Ges 50
x s
AwZfyR b = 6 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
x
A¼b : B a C
E
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a = 4 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY
†K‡U wbB| x = 50 Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s = 75 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q|
(2) BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z BE j¤^ AuvwK| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(3) BC †iLvs‡ki C †K †K›`ª K‡i b Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC
e„ËPvc AuvwK, hv BE iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
†iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb
(4) A, C †hvM Kwi| CBF AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| (2) BF iwk¥ †_‡K s Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask KvwU|
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABC-G AwZfyR AC = 6 †m.wg., BC = 4 (3) C, D †hvM Kwi| C we›`y‡Z DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k B we›`y
†m.wg. Ges ABC = 90 Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BDC Gi mgvb K‡i DCG AuvwK|
 ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR| (4) CG iwk¥ BD †iLvsk‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë DcvË wb‡q wÎfyR A¼b Ki : Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
K. f‚wg 35 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY 60 I Aci `yB evûi cÖgvY : ACD G ADC = ACD [A¼b Abymv‡i]
 AC = AD
mgwó 8 †m.wg.| GLb, ABC G ABC = x, BC = a [A¼b Abymv‡i]
mgvavb : Ges BA + AC = BA + AD = BD = s
a 3·5 †m.wg. F
D
AZGe, ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
s 8 †m.wg.
M. f‚wg 4 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY 50 I Aci `yB evûi
G AšÍi 15 †m.wg.|
x
60 mgvavb :
A G E
4 †m.wg.
a
s A
1·5 †m.wg.
d
x
B a E
C
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a = 35 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU x
50
D
†KvY x = 60 Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s = 8 †m.wg. †Ìqv dx
Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| B a C
F
A¼b :
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a = 4 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU p 12 †m.wg.
†KvY 50 I Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d = 15 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q|
wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BF †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U 60
wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBE AuvwK| x 45

y
(2) BE iwk¥ †_‡K d Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask †K‡U wbB|
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q †mB L M
cv‡k C we›`y‡Z EDC Gi mgvb K‡i DCG AuvwK| H G
A
(4) CG iwk¥ BE iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ACD G ADC = ACD
 AC = AD D p F
B C E
myZivs `yB evûi AšÍi, AB − AC = AB − AD = BD = d
g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv P = 12 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ
GLb, ABC-G BC = a, AB − AC = d Ges ABC = x
`yBwU †KvY x = 60 I y = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
myZivs ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
A¼b :
N. f‚wg 5 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY 45 I Aci `yB evûi (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv P Gi mgvb K‡i DE
AšÍi 1 †m.wg.| Ask †K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k x
mgvavb : Gi mgvb K‡i EDL Ges Y Gi mgvb K‡i DEM AuvwK|
5 †m.wg.
a G E (2) †KvY `yBwUi wØLÊK DG I EH AuvwK|
d 1 †m.wg. A (3) g‡b Kwi, DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb K‡i DAB Ges AED Gi
mgvb K‡i EAC AuvwK|
x 45 D (4) AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
d x
B a F Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
C
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a = 5 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ADB G, ADB = DAB
†KvY x = 45 I Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d = 1 †m.wg. †Ìqv  AB = DB
Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| Avevi, ACE G AEC = EAC
 CA = CE
A¼b : myZivs ABC G
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BF †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U AB + BC + CA = DB + BC + CE = DE = P
wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBE AuvwK| ABC = ADB + DAB
(2) BE iwk¥ †_‡K d Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask †K‡U wbB| 1
= x + x
1
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k 2 2
= x
C we›`y‡Z EDC Gi mgvb K‡i DCG AuvwK|
Ges ACB = AEC + EAC
(4) CG iwk¥ BE iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| 1 1
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| = y + y
2 2
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ACD G ADC = ACD = y
 AC = AD myZivs ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
myZivs `yB evûi AšÍi, AB − AC = AB − AD = BD = d P f‚wg msjMœ †KvY `yBwU h_vµ‡g 30 I 45 I cwimxgv 10 †m.wg.|
GLb, ABC-G BC = a, AB − AC = d Ges ABC = x mgvavb :
myZivs ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR| p 10 †m.wg.
O f‚wg msjMœ †KvY `yBwU h_vµ‡g 60 I 45 I cwimxgv 12 †m.wg.|
mgvavb :
45
30 y
x M
L
H A G
D p F
B C E
g‡b Kwi, wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv P = 10 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU
†KvY x = 30 I y = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b:
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv P Gi mgvb K‡i DE D H
A
Ask †K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k x a
Gi mgvb K‡i EDL Ges y Gi mgvb K‡i DEM AuvwK| b
A
(2) †KvY `yBwUi wØLÊK DG I EH AuvwK|
(3) g‡b Kwi, DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| E F
B C
A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb K‡i DAB Ges AED Gi B
mgvb K‡i EAC AuvwK|
(4) AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C we›`y‡Z g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR a Ges Aci evû
†Q` K‡i| `yBwUi mgwó b †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| A¼b :
→
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ADB G, ADB = DAB (1) EF iwk¥ n‡Z EC = b †K‡U wbB| EC †iLvs‡ki E we›`y‡Z
 AB = DB ED j¤^ AuvwK|
Avevi, ACE G AEC = EAC (2) GLb E-†K EH †iLvsk Øviv mgwØLwÊZ Kwi|
 CA = CE (3) C †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q E Gi gaëZ©x As‡k
myZivs ABC G EH †iLvi w`‡K GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU EH †iLv‡K A
AB + BC + CA = DB + BC + CE = DE = P I A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
1
ABC = ADB + DAB = x + x = x
1 (4) GLb A I A n‡Z EC †iLvi Dci AB I AB j¤^ AvuwK|
2 2 j¤^ `yBwU EC †iLvsk‡K B I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A I C
1 1 Ges A I C †hvM Kwi|
Ges ACB = AEC + EAC = 2 y + 2 y = y
Zvn‡j ABC A_ev ABC DwÏó wÎfzR|
myZivs ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR| cÖgvY : ABC ev ABC Gi AB I AB A¼bvbymv‡i j¤^
cÖkœ \ 3 \ GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY Ges kxl© †_‡K f‚wgi nIqvq wÎfzR `yBwU mg‡KvYx|
Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK| GLb, ABE Gi AEB = 45 = BAE
mgvavb :  AB = BE
d
Q
myZivs, ABC G AB + BC = BE + BC = EC = b
P A
Ges AwZfzR AC = a
x Giƒ‡c †`Lv‡bv hvq,  ABC G
AB + BC = EB + BC = EC = b Ges AC = a
d
y  ABC ev  ABC DwÏó wÎfzR| [cÖgvwYZ]
M B D C N
cÖkœ \ 5 \ wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY, D”PZv I Aci `yB evûi
R mgwó †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK|
g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgmsjMœ `yBwU †KvY x I y Ges kxl©we›`y mgvavb :
a
†_‡K f‚wgi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ d †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU h F G
D
AuvK‡Z n‡e| a
x A
A¼b : H
P
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AR n‡Z AD = d †K‡U wbB| h
(2) AD †iLvi Dci A I D we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g PAQ I MDN h
x
E
j¤^‡iLv AuvwK| B C C
(3) PQ †iLvi A we›`y‡Z PAB = x †KvY Ges QAC = y g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ †KvY x, D”PZv h Ges Aci
†KvY AvuwK| AB I AC †iLv `yBwU MN †iLv‡K h_vµ‡g B I `yB evûi mgwó a †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A¼b :
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| →
(1) BE GKwU iwk¥ wbB| BE Gi B we›`y‡Z GBE = x Ges
cÖgvY : PQ Ges MN †iLvØq AD †iLvi Dci j¤^ e‡j Giv mgvšÍivj| BD j¤^ AuvwK| BD n‡Z BH = h †K‡U wbB|
 ABC = GKvšÍi PAB = x †KvY [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j] (2) H we›`y w`‡q HPBE Uvwb| HP †iLv BG †K A we›`y‡Z †Q`
Ges ACB =QAC = y K‡i| GLb BG n‡Z BF = a †K‡U wbB|
AZGe, ABC-G (3) A †K †K›`ª K‡i AF Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q x Gi gaëZ©x As‡k
ABC = x †KvY, ACB = y †KvY Ges D”PZv AD = d, GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU BE †K C I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| (4) A I C Ges A I C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC ev ABC
DwÏó wÎfzR|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR I Aci `yB evûi mgwó
cÖgvY : A¼b Abymv‡i ABC ev ABC Gi f‚wg msjMœ B =
†Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK|
x Ges D”PZv h
mgvavb :
GLb, ABC G, AB + AC = AB + AF = BF = a
Ges ABC G, AB + AC = AB + AF = BF = a mgvavb :
 ABC ev ABC DwÏó wÎfzR| E
cÖkœ \ 6 \ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK|
mgvavb : A
A
a
1 d B a
P C F
3 d
P
B E
C x D
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY x

g‡b Kwi, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv p †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU I Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
AuvK‡Z n‡e| A¼b :
A¼b : (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BF †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk
(1) p †K mgvb wZb As‡k wef³ Kwi| †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i
1 CBE AuvwK|
(2) †h‡Kv‡bv †iLvsk BE n‡Z BC = 3 p †K‡U wbB|
(2) EB †K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb BD = d nq|
(3) GLb BC †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k¦© 13 p Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q B I C †K †K›`ª (3) C, D †hvM Kwi| DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q †mB
K‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cv‡k C we›`y‡Z EDC-Gi mgvb K‡i DCA AuvwK| CA
(4) A, B I A, C †hvM Kwi| iwk¥ BE iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ADC-G ADC = ACD
cÖgvY : ∆ABC Gi cwimxgv, p = AB + BC + CA  AD = AC
1
=3 p+ p+ p
1 1  `yB evûi AšÍi AC − AB = AD − AB = ED = d
3 3 GLb, ABC-G BC = a, AC − AB = d Ges ABC = x
=p
 wb‡Y©q ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 7 \ wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY I Aci `yB
evûi AšÍi †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK|

1. KqwU ¯^Zš¿ DcvË _vK‡j GKwU PZzf©yR AuvKv m¤¢e?  3, 5, 6 L 4, 5, 9
K4 5 M6 N7 M 5, 6, 12 N 6, 7, 16
2. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j †KvbwU A¼b Kiv m¤¢f? 5. KLb †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó wÎfzR A¼b m¤¢e bq? hLb
K mvgvšÍwiK L UªvwcwRqvg M AvqZ‡ÿÎ  eM©‡ÿÎ †Ìqv _v‡K−
3. ABC A¼‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨¸‡jv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e? i. wZbwU evû
K AB = 3 cm, BC = 6 cm, AC = 10 cm ii. wZbwU †KvY
L A = 50, B = 30, C = 100 iii. `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY
 AB = 5 cm, BC = 10 cm, AC = 6 cm
N A = 60, B = 40, C = 80
Ki  ii M iii N i, ii I iii
4. wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ (†m. wg.) †Ìqv n‡jv| †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wÎfzR
A¼b m¤¢e?

9.wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j wewfbœ AvKv‡ii KqwU
71 : wÎfzR A¼b wÎfzR AuvKv hvq? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K1 L2 M3  AmsL¨
10. wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ n‡Z cv‡i (evûi
6. GKwU wÎfy‡Ri KqwU Ask i‡q‡Q? (mnR)
GKK †m.wg.)? (ga¨g)
K4 L5 6 N7
K 1, 2, 3 L 2, 3, 5  3, 4, 5 N 3, 5, 8
7. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri KqwU †KvY _v‡K? (mnR)
11. GKwU gvÎ evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j †Kvb wÎfyR AuvKv m¤¢e? (ga¨g)
K2 3 M4 N5
K ¯’~j‡KvYx  mgevû M mgwØevû N mg‡KvYx
8. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY 70 I 65 n‡j Aci †KvYwU KZ
12. GKwU wÎfy ‡ Ri f‚ w g msjMœ †KvYØq 60  K‡i n‡j Aw¼Z
n‡e? (ga¨g)
 45 L 60 M 70 N 75
wÎfyRwU Kx ai‡bi wÎfyR? (mnR)
 mgevû L mgwØevû M welgevû N mg‡KvYx
13. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR msjMœ †KvY `yBwU wKiƒc? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K ¯’~j‡KvY L mij‡KvY  m~²‡KvY N mg‡KvY 27. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
14. mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri GKwU †KvY 45 n‡j, Aci m~² †Kv‡Yi i. ACD = 120
A
gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 30  45 M 60 N 90
15. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ †KvYØq 30 n‡j Aw¼Z wÎfzRwU
Kx ai‡bi wÎfzR? (mnR) 60
B C D
K mgevû  mgwØevû M welgevû N mg‡KvYx
ii. mg‡KvYx
wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg 4 †m.wg. I j¤^ 3 †m.wg. n‡j
16. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri GKwU †Kv‡Yi gvb 110 n‡j Aci
AwZfyR 5 †m.wg.
`yBwU †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (mnR)
iii. wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó 2 mg‡KvY
K 30  35 M 45 N 70
17. ABC mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri D, BC-Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j AD,
BC-Gi mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 90 L 66 M 45 N 30
28. `yBwU wÎfzR me©mg n‡e hw` Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki−
18. wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gvÎq ci¯úi mgvb n‡j, wÎfzRwU wKiƒc? (ga¨g) i. evûÎq mgvb nq ii. †KvYÎq mgvb nq
K mg‡KvYx  mgevû M mgwØevû N welgevû
iii. `y B wU evû I GKwU †KvY mgvb nq
19. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv P n‡j Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
†KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : ii mwVK bq| KviY †KvYÎq mgvb n‡j m`„k n‡e wKš‘ me©mg
1 3
K 3p  p M N 2p bvI n‡Z cv‡i|
3 p
20. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 1 : 1 : 2 n‡j wÎfzRwU 29. ïay cwimxgv Rvb‡jBÑ
i. eM© AuvKv m¤¢e ii. AvqZ‡ÿÎ AuvKv m¤¢e
†Kvb ai‡bi? (mnR)
iii. mgevû wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e
K mgevû  mgwØevû M welgevû N ¯’~j‡KvYx
21. wb‡P wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ †`qv Av‡Q| †KvbwUi †ÿ‡Î wÎfzR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
AuvKv m¤¢e? (ga¨g)
 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 5 †m.wg.
30.
A
L 2 †m.wg., 3 †m.wg., 6 †m.wg.
M 4 †m.wg., 5 †m.wg., 9 †m.wg. F E
N 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 8 †m.wg.
22. 3 †m. wg, 4 †m. wg, 5 †m. wg evûwewkó Aw¼Z wÎfzRwU
Kxiƒc n‡e? (ga¨g) B D C
 mg‡KvYx L m~²‡KvYx ABC mgevû wÎfz‡Ri AD, BE I CF ga¨gv n‡jÑ
M ¯’~j‡KvYx N mgwØevû i. AD = BE = CF
23. wÎfz‡Ri wZbevûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a, b I c n‡j, wb‡Pi ii. A = B = C = 60
†KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) iii. AB = 4cm n‡j ABC Gi cwimxgv 12cm.
 a + b > c L a + b < c M a + b = c Na + b  C wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
i. wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû I wZbwU †KvY i‡q‡Q  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 31 − 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY GKwU wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg 4 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ †KvY 55 I f‚wgi Ab¨
iii. wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j wÎfyR AuvKv hvq| we›`yi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 31. f‚wgi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (mnR)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K 30  35 M 60 N 90
25. mg‡KvYx wÎfyR AuvKv hv‡e hw` †Ìqv _v‡KÑ 32. Aw¼Z wÎfyRwU Kx ai‡bi wÎfyR? (mnR)
i. wZbwU †KvY K ¯’~j‡KvYx L m~²‡KvYx
ii. AwZfyR I Aci GKwU evû  mg‡KvYx N mgwØevû mg‡KvYx
iii. AwZfyR I f‚wg 33. wÎfyRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  41 L 40 M 51 N 50
26. wÎfyR A¼b m¤¢e hw` Ñ  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 34 - 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
i. `yBwU evû †Ìqv _v‡K
ii. `yBwU †KvY I Zv‡ì msjMœ evû †Ìqv _v‡K 2
3
iii. AwZfyR I Aci evû †Ìqv _v‡K 1 4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) B D C
34. 1 = 32 n‡j 3 = KZ? (ga¨g) K5 4 M3 N2
K 32  58 M 44 N 64 38. ADE Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
35. 3 = 6(x + 1) Ges 4 = 7x − 30 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) K 90  60 M 45 N 30
 90 L 15 M 12 N 10 39. DEF Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
36. AD = 2y + 3 Ges BC = 12 − 8y n‡j BC = KZ? (ga¨g) K 90  60 M 45 N 30
K 4 L 10 M 14  8
40. BC evûi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m. wg. n‡j DE evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m. wg.?
(ga¨g)
K2 L3 4 N6
ABC mgevû wÎfz‡Ri D, E, F h_vµ‡g AB, AC I BC evûi e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kvb `yB evûi ga¨ we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv
ga¨we›`y| Z…Zxqevûi mgvšÍivj Ges ˆ`‡N©¨ Zvi A‡a©K|
37. DE, EF I DF †hvM Ki‡j KqwU bZzb wÎfzR MwVZ nq? (mnR)

41. wb‡Pi †Kvb evûÎ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ Øviv wÎfzR A¼b Am¤¢e? ii. we‡kl PZzf©yR A¼b Kiv hvq
K 5, 3, 4  7, 8, 16 M 8, 9, 15 N 3, 6, 8 iii. i¤^m A¼b Kiv hvq
42. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfzR AuvK‡Z KqwU Dcv‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2 L3 M4 N6 Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
43. ABC mgevû wÎfz‡Ri BC evû‡K D ch©šÍ ewa©Z Ki‡j,
51. wÎfzR AuvK‡Z jvM‡e−
ACD = KZ? i. wZbwU evû
K 80 L 90 M 180  120 ii. `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY
44. cÖwZÁv KZ cÖKvi? iii. GKwU †KvY I GKwU evû
2 L5 M4 N6
45. wb‡P wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv n‡jv| †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wÎfzR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A¼b Am¤¢e?
K 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 5 †m.wg.
52. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki−
i. wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi ˆ`‡N©ï AšÍi Gi Z…Zxq
 4 †m.wg., 5 †m.wg., 10 †m.wg.
evûi ˆ`N©¨ A‡cÿv ¶z`ªZi
M 5 †m.wg., 6 †m.wg., 8 †m.wg.
ii. wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
N 8 †m.wg., 3 †m.wg., 9 †m.wg.
H evû¸‡jvi †hvMd‡ji A‡a©K
46. GKwU gvÎ evûi ˆ`N©¨ _vK‡j †Kvb wÎfzR AuvKv m¤¢e? iii. wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó Gi Z…Zxq
K mg‡KvYx  mgevû evûi ˆ`N©¨ A‡cÿv e„nËi
M mgwØevû N mgwØevû mg‡KvYx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
47. ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri KqwU †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY? K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 GKwU L `yBwU M wZbwU N †Kv‡bvwUB bq  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
48. cÖwZÁv KZ cÖKvi? GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 3 wg, f‚wg msjMœ †KvY 30 I f‚wgi Ab¨
2 L5 M4 N6 we›`yi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi|
49. wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gvÎ‡qi †Q`we›`yi bvg Kx? 53. f‚wgi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ wWMÖx?
K ga¨we›`y  fi‡K›`ª
K 30 L 45  60 N 90
M ewnt‡K›`ª N j¤^we›`y
54. wÎfzRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
50. `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j− K7 5 M3 N4
i. wÎfzR A¼b Kiv hvq

œ 1  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, a = 4 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ †KvY,
cÖk- 4 †m.wg.
a
x = 30.
K. Z_¨¸wj‡K wPwýZ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. wÎf‚RwUi `yB evûi mgwó S = 6 †m.wg. n‡j, x 30
eY©bvmn wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 wP‡Î a , DÏxcK‡K DwjøwLZ wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg hvi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m. wg.
M. wÎfz‡Ri Aci evû `yBwUi AšÍi d = 25 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ †KvY x = 30.
n‡j, eY©bvmn wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 L. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a = 4 †m. wg. f‚wg msjMœ
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GKwU †KvY x = 30 Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s = 6 †m.wg.
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
4 †m.wg. D F L g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a = 5cm, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU
a G
6 †m.wg. †KvY x = 45 Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s = 7cm †Ìqv
s A
Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
F 5 †m.wg.
a
x 30 x D
B E 7 †m.wg.
a C s
A¼b : G A
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC x
†iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi x x = 45
mgvb CBF AuvwK| B a C E
(2) BF iwk¥ †_‡K s Gi mgvb BD Ask KvwU| A¼b :
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| C we›`y‡Z DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k B (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC
we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BDC Gi mgvb DCG AuvwK| †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z
(4) CG iwk¥ BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| x = 45 Gi mgvb CBF AuvwK|
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| (2) BF iwk¥ †_‡K s = 7cm Gi mgvb BD Ask KvwU|
M. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a = 4 †m. wg., f‚wg msjMœ (3) C, D †hvM Kwi| C we›`y‡Z DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k B
m~²‡KvY x = 30 Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d = 25 †m.
we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BDC Gi mgvb DCG AuvwK|
wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
4 †m.wg. (4) CG iwk¥ BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
a Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
2.5 †m.wg. A E
s M D H
5cm A
D a
30 x 7cm
x B F s
a C A
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BF †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC E
B C
F
†iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi B
mgvb CBE AuvwK|
(2) BE iwk¥ †_‡K d Gi mgvb BD Ask †K‡U wbB| g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR a Ges Aci evû `yBwUi
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q mgwó s †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
†mB cv‡k C we›`y‡Z EDC Gi mgvb DCA AuvwK| A¼b :
CA iwk¥ BE iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| →
Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR| (1) EF iwk¥ n‡Z EC = s †K‡U wbB| EC †iLvs‡ki E we›`y‡Z
œ 2
cÖk- a
5cm
ED j¤^ AuvwK|
s x (2) GLb E-†K EH †iLvsk Øviv mgwØLwÊZ Kwi|
7cm x = 45
(3) C †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q E Gi gaëZ©x
K. eM© Ges i¤^‡mi g‡a¨ `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL| 2
As‡k EH †iLvi w`‡K GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU EH
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Ggb GKwU wÎfzR AuvK, hvi
f‚wg a, f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY x Ges Aci `yB evûi †iLv‡K A I A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
mgwó s Gi mgvb| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY (4) GLb A I A n‡Z EC †iLvi Dci AB I AB j¤^
Avek¨K] 4 AvuwK| j¤^ `yBwU EC †iLvsk‡K B I B we›`y‡Z †Q`
M. Ggb GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR AuvK, hvi AwZfzR a K‡i| A I C Ges A I C †hvM Kwi|
Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s Gi mgvb| [A¼‡bi Zvn‡j ABC A_ev ABC DwÏó wÎfzR|
wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
œ 3  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY I Aci `yB
cÖk-
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  evûi mgwó †Ìqv Av‡Q|
K eM© I i¤^‡mi ga¨Kvi `yBwU cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒc : K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z_¨mg~n wP‡Î cÖ`k©b Ki| 2
eM© i¤^m L. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ A¼b K‡i A¼‡bi
1| e‡M©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY 1| i¤^‡mi †Kv‡bv †KvYB weeiY `vI| 4
mg‡KvY| mg‡KvY bq| M. †Kvb mgevû wÎfz ‡ Ri cwimxgv cÖ ` Ë wÎfz ‡ Ri
evûØ‡qi mgwói mgvb wÎfzRwU Gu‡K A¼‡bi
2| e‡M©i KY©Øq ci¯úi 2| i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi weeiY `vI| 4
mgvb| mgvb bq|  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K.
a (3) C, D †hvM Kwi| C we›`y‡Z DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k B
s we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BDC Gi mgvb DCG AuvwK|
(4) CG iwk¥ BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i Zvn‡j ABCÑB
DwÏó wÎfzR|
M. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv s †Ìqv Av‡Q, wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
x
GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY x Ges Aci `yB R
evûi mgwó s †Ìqv Av‡Q|
L. s
F
D
G P H
Q
A¼‡bi weeiY :
A
(1) cwimxgv s †K mgvb wZbfv‡M wef³ Kwi|
1
(2) PH ivwk n‡Z 3 s Gi mgvb K‡i PQ Ask KvwU|
E
B C (3) PQ †iKvs‡ki P I Q we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i P I Q Gi
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY x 1
Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| GKB cv‡k 3 s Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q `yBwU e„ËPvc
A¼‡bi weeiY : AuvwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU ci¯úi R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC (4) P, R I Q, R †hvM Kwi Zvn‡j PQRÑB DwÏó wÎfzR
†iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z †KvY x Gi Aw¼Z n‡jv|
mgvb EBF AuvwK|
(2) BF iwk¥ †_‡K s Gi mgvb BD Ask AuvwK|

œ 4  †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU m~²‡KvY x Ges
cÖk- Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
d Aci `yB evûi AšÍi| M. cÖ`Ë †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY n‡j :
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jvi wPÎ AuvK| 2 F
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki I A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 A
M. cÖ`Ë †KvYwU ¯’~j‡KvY n‡j wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki I a
A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 d
x
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  B a C
E
K. d
a x
d x
D
L. G

E g‡b Kwi, GKwU ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wgmsjMœ
A ¯’~j‡KvY x Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU
AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
D (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a = BC KvwU|
d
x (2) C we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i BCF AuvwK| FC †K G ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
B F
a C (3) CG iwk¥ †_‡K d = CD Ask †K‡U wbB|
g‡b Kwi GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU m~²‡KvY x (4) B, D †hvM Kwi|
Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| (5) BD †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z CDB Gi mgvb DBA
A¼b : AuvwK| BA iwk¥, CF iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BF †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
BC †iLvsk †K‡U †bB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi
mgvb CBE AuvwK| œ 5  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU m~²‡KvY I Aci
cÖk-
(2) BE iwk¥ †_‡K d Gi mgvb BD Ask †K‡U wbB| `yB evûi AšÍi †Ìqv Av‡Q|
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q K. mswÿß weeiYmn Z_¨¸‡jvi wPÎ AuvK| 2
†mB cv‡k C we›`y‡Z EDC Gi mgvb DCA AuvwK| L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
CA iwk¥ BE iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| M. weKí c×wZ‡Z wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý
I weeiY Avek¨K|] 4 p
K. g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ m~²‡KvY x x y
Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d †Ìqv Av‡Q|
L. ÔKÕ Gi Z_¨ eënvi K‡i wb‡gœ wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
a
y2
x2
d x y2
x2
L. ÔKÕ Gi Z_¨ eënvi K‡i wb‡gœ wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv : x

H
y
E A G
A
F
D B P C E
D
A¼b :
d
x F (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv p Gi mgvb DE Ask †K‡U wbB|
B a C 1
A¼b : (2) D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k 2
x =
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BF †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC 1 ⎯→
EDG Ges y = DEH AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, DG I
†iLvsk †K‡U wbB| 2
⎯→
(2) BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBE EH iwk¥Øqci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
AuvwK| (3) A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb DAB Ges AED Gi
(3) BE iwk¥ †_‡K d-Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask †K‡U wbB| mgvb EAC AuvwK|
(4) C, D †hvM Kwi| ⎯→ ⎯→
(5) DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k C we›`y‡Z (4) AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C
EDC Gi mgvb K‡i DCA AuvwK| CA iwk¥ BE we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j ABC B DwÏó Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
wÎfzR| M.
M. R
M
F G
H
A A
B x
a E D B p C E F
d C
N S
D A¼b :
G
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ DF †_‡K DE = P †K‡U wbB| D I E
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a = BC KvwU| [K n‡Z] we›`y‡Z 21 x I 12 y Gi mgvb K‡i EDH Ges
(2) B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i CBF AuvwK Ges FB †K DEG AuvwK|
G ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| [K n‡Z] (2) DH I EG ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(3) BG iwk¥ †_‡K d = BD Ask †K‡U wbB| [K n‡Z] (3) AD Gi j¤^mgwØLÊK MN Ges AE Gi j¤^mgwØLÊK
(4) C, D †hvM Kwi| RS AuvwK| MN, DE †K B we›`y‡Z Ges RS, DE †K C
(5) BC †iLvs‡ki C we›`y‡Z CDB Gi mgvb DCA we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
AuvwK| CA, BF iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(4) A, B I A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
œ 6  wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY I cwimxgv †Ìqv Av‡Q|
cÖk- œ 7  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ GKwU evû,
cÖk-
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Z_¨¸‡jvi wPÎ AuvK| 2 AwZfzR Ges Aci evûi AšÍi †Ìqv Av‡Q|
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 K. mswÿß weeiYmn Z_¨¸‡jvi wPÎ AuvK| 2
M. weKí c×wZ‡Z wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4 L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. wÎfzRwUi cwimxgvi mgvb K‡i GKwU mgevû wÎfzR
K. g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv p Ges f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU A¼b Ki| 4
†KvY x I y †Ìqv Av‡Q|  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ GK evû a M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : LÕ n‡Z cÖvß mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv AB
Ges AwZfzR I Aci evûi AšÍi d †Ìqv Av‡Q| + BC + CA= S Gi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU mgevû
a wÎfzR AuvK‡Z n‡e|
d L
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß Z_¨ eënvi K‡i wb‡P wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
F
A s
P
M N
B E
a C
A¼b :
d S
D
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ MP †_‡K MN = 3 Ask †K‡U wbB|
S
G (2) M I N †K †K›`ª K‡i 3 Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q MN
A¼b : Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a-Gi mgvb BC Ask KvwU| ci¯úi L we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(2) C we›`y‡Z BE Gi Dci j¤^ FG AuvwK| CG iwk¥ †_‡K (3) LM I LN †hvM Kwi Zvn‡j LMN B n‡e DwÏó
d-Gi mgvb CD Ask †K‡U wbB| wÎfzR|
(3) B, D †hvM Kwi| BD †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z CDB-Gi
mgvb DBA AuvwK| BA iwk¥ CF iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z
†Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|

œ 8  GKwU wÎfy‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †iLvsk Ges `yBwU
cÖk- A¼b :
m~²‡KvY †Ìqv Av‡Q| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC wbB|
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 (2) BC †iLvs‡ki B I C we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g CBE = x Ges
L. †iLvsk‡K a evû Ges evû msjMœ m~²‡KvY `yBwU x BCF = y AuvwK|
I y †KvY a‡i GKwU wÎfyR AuvK| (A¼‡bi (3) BE I CF ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
weeiY mn) 4 Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
M. ewY©Z †iLvsk †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri kxl© †_‡K f‚wgi Dci M.
Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ Ges m~²‡KvY `yBwU‡K f‚wg
msjMœ `yBwU †KvY a‡i GKwU wÎfyR AuvK| (A¼‡bi x
weeiYmn) 4 d
y
K.
A
P Q
a x y
x y
wP‡Î †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †iLvsk a Ges x I y `yBwU m~²‡KvY| d

L.
F E
A M N
B D C
g‡b Kwi, wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ †KvY `yBwU h_vµ‡g x I y

Ges kxl© †_‡K f‚wgi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ a = d †Ìqv
B
x y
D Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
a C A¼b :
g‡b Kwi, a †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †iLvsk Ges x I y `yBwU (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †iLvsk AD = d wbB| AD †iLvs‡ki A
m~²‡KvY| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| I D we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g PAQ Ges MDN j¤^ AuvwK|
(2) PQ †iLvs‡ki A we›`y‡Z PAB = x Ges QAC = (3) BQ †_‡K BD = h †K‡U wbB| D we›`y‡Z DH j¤^
y AuvwK| AuvwK| DH, BG †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(3) AB I AC †iLvsk MN †iLvsk‡K B I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| (4) A †K †K›`ª K‡i AF Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„ËPvc
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU BE †K C I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
œ 9  †Ìqv Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU
cÖk- (5) A, C Ges A, C †hvM Kwi|
m~²‡KvY x Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s| Zvn‡j ABC I ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| œ 10  g‡b Kwi, `yBwU evû h_vµ‡g a I d †hLv‡b a > d Ges
2 cÖk-
L. weeiYmn wÎfyRwU AuvK| 4 GKwU †KvY x
M. cÖ`Ë f‚wg a hw` †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri D”PZv nq Zvn‡j K. hw` a †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, x f‚wgmsjMœ m~²‡KvY
wÎfyRwU A¼b Ki| 4 Ges d Aci `yB evûi AšÍi nq, Z‡e wÎfzRwU
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wP‡Î cÖ`k©b Ki| 2
K. L. wÎfz RwUi A¼b c×wZ cÖ
g vYmn eY© bv Ki| 4
s M. hw` a GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ
a GKwU evû Ges d AwZfzR I Aci evûi AšÍi nq,
Z‡e wÎfzRwU AuvK Ges A¼b c×wZ eY©bv Ki| 4
x
wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ †KvY x Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó
s AuvKv n‡jv| K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ m~²‡KvY x
L. Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d| ∆ABC wb‡P A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
F a E
D A
d
G
A D
x d
x
x B a C F
B E
a C L. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wgmsjMœ m~²‡KvY x
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY x Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi d †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
Ges Aci `yB evûi mgwó s| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| A¼b :
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BF †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i
†iLvsk †K‡U †bB|
BC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x
(2) BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb CBE AuvwK| BE
Gi mgvb CBF AuvwK| iwk¥ †_‡K d Gi mgvb BD Ask †K‡U wbB| C, D †hvM
(2) BF iwk¥ †_‡K s Gi mgvb BD Ask KvwU| Kwi|
(3) C, D †hvM Kwi| C we›`y‡Z DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k B
(3) DC †iLvs‡ki †h cv‡k E we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k C we›`y‡Z
we›`y Av‡Q †mB cv‡k BDC Gi mgvb DCG AuvwK| EDC Gi mgvb DCA AuvwK| CA iwk¥ BE iwk¥‡K
(4) CG iwk¥ BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
M. cÖgvY : A¼b Abymv‡i, ADC G
G
ADC = ACD
s
Q
F  AC = AD
h
myZivs `yB evûi AšÍi,
A
D H AB – AC = AB – AD = BD = d
s GLb, ABC-G
x
h h BC = a, AB – AC = d Ges ABC = x
x myZivs, ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
E
B C M. g‡b Kwi, GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ GK evû a Ges
C
g‡b Kwi, wÎfy‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ †KvY x, D”PZv h = a Ges Aci AwZfzR I Aci evûi AšÍi d †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
`yB evûi mgwó s †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE Gi B we›`y‡Z EBG = x AuvwK|
BG iwk¥ †_‡K BF = s †K‡U wbB|
(2) BE iwk¥i B we›`y‡Z BQ j¤^ AuvwK|
(3) C †_‡K 10 †m.wg. Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD Gi Dci
CA e„ËPvc AuvwK, hv BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(4) C, A †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B wb‡Y©q mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
M. ÔLÕ Gi wPÎ n‡Z, mg‡KvY e¨ZxZ Aci `yBwU †KvY x I y
AuvwK| †Ìqv Av‡Q, †KvYØq msjMœ evû 7 †m.wg.|
a 7 †m.wg.
A¼b : x
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a = BC KvwU| y
(2) C we›`y‡Z BE Gi Dci j¤^ FG mij‡iLv AuvwK| Q P
(3) CG iwk¥ †_‡K d = CD Ask †K‡U wbB| A
(4) B, D †hvM Kwi| BD †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z CDB Gi mgvb
DBA AuvwK| BA iwk¥ CF iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
cÖgvY : ABD-G B E
ABD = ADB, [A¼b Abymv‡i] 7 †m.wg. C
 AD = AB A¼b :
myZivs, AB – AC = AD – AC = CD = d (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K PC = 7 †m.wg. Ask †K‡U wbB|
GLb, ABC-G, (2) B we›`y‡Z CBP = x I C we›`y‡Z BCQ = y A¼b Kwi|
AB – AC = d, BC = a Ges ACB = GK mg‡KvY| (3) BP I CQ †iLvØq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j
 ABC-B wb‡Y©q mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
œ 11  mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg. Ges AwZfzR 10 cÖk-
cÖk- œ 12  wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x I y Ges cwimxgv
†m.wg.| P †Ìqv Av‡Q|
K. wÎfzRwUi j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 K. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR AuvKvi kZ© Kx? 2
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 4
M. mg‡KvY e¨ZxZ Aci `yBwU †KvY x I y hw` M. L-†Z cÖvß wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg‡K AwZfzR I Aci
Ab¨ GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY nq Z‡e wÎfzRwU A¼b †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU evû‡K j¤^ a‡i GKwU mg‡KvYx
Ki, hvi †KvYØ‡qi msjMœ evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 7 †m.wg.| 4 wÎfzR A¼b Ki| 4
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg. Ges K. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR I Aci GKwU evû †Ìqv _vK‡j
AwZfzR 10 †m.wg.| wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ n‡Z, mg‡KvYx mg‡KvYx wÎfzR AuvKv hvq|
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î, L.
(AwZfzR)2 = (f‚wg)2 + (j¤^)2 p
ev, j¤^2 = (AwZfzR)2 − (f‚wg)2
ev, j¤^2 = 102 − 62 y
x
ev, j¤^ = 100 − 36 = 64 = 8 †m.wg.
 wÎfzRwUi j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg.|
1
L. 1
2
x 2
y
1 1
x y
2 2
8 †m.wg. 10 †m.wg. H G
A
6 †m.wg. D B C E
P F
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg. I
AwZfzR 10 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv P Ges f‚wg msjMœ x I
y †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = 6 †m.wg. Ask †K‡U wbB| A¼b :
(2) B we›`y‡Z BC Gi Dci BD j¤^ AuvwK|
1. †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv p-Gi mgvb G
H A
K‡i DE Ask †K‡U †bB| L M
2. D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k 12x-Gi x
mgvb EDG Ges 12y-Gi mgvb DEH AuvwK| D F
B C E
g‡b Kwi, DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv p Ges
3. A we›`y‡Z ADE Ges AED-Gi mgvb DAB Ges f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x I y †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU
EAC AuvwK| AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K AuvK‡Z n‡e|
h_vµ‡g B I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A¼b :
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv P Gi mgvb K‡i
M. DE Ask †K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB
b cv‡k x Gi mgvb EDL I y Gi mgvb DEM AuvwK|
a
S
(3) g‡b Kwi, DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q`
L K‡i| A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb DAB Ges AED
Gi mgvb EAC AuvwK|
(4) AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
cÖgvY : ADB-G ADB = DAB [A¼bvbymv‡i]
 AB = DB
T Avevi, ACE G AEC = EAC
M
N  AC = CE
g‡b Kwi, L-†Z cÖvß ABC Gi f‚wg BC = a Ab¨ GKwU  ABC G AB + BC + AC = DB + BC + CE = DE
evû AB = b| GLb a I b †K h_vµ‡g AwZfzR I j¤^ a‡i = P = 10 †m.wg.
LMN mg‡KvYx wÎfzR AuvK‡Z n‡e| 1 1
ABC = ADB + DAB = x + x = x = 60
A¼b : 2 2
1 1
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ MT wbB| Ges ACB = AEC + EAC = 2y + 2 y = y = 45
(2) M we›`y‡Z SM ⊥ MT A¼b Kwi| MS †_‡K j¤^ b Gi  ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR|
mgvb K‡i ML = b Ask KvwU| M.
(3) L †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q MT Gi Dci
GKwU e„ËPvc A¼b Kwi, g‡b Kwi Zv MT †K N
4 †mwg
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| h
(4) L, N †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j LMN-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
60 45
œ 13  GKwU †iLvsk I `yBwU †KvY †Ìqv Av‡Q|
cÖk- x y
K. †iLvskwUi ˆ`N©¨ P = 10 †m.wg., †KvY `yBwUi E
cwigvc x = 60 I y = 45 n‡j G‡ì wPÎ AuvK| 2 M
L. GKwU wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv p Ges f‚wg msjMœ †KvY x P
A
Q
I y n‡j wÎfyRwU AuvK| 4 x
M. wÎfy‡Ri D”PZv h = 4 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ †KvY
x I y n‡j wÎfyRwU AuvK| 4 h
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  B
y
N
C
K.
10 †m.wg. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, h = 4 †m.wg., Ges f‚wg msjMœ x
P
I y †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BN Gi B we›`y‡Z BN⊥BM AuvwK| B
we›`y‡Z y Gi mgvb K‡i NBE AuvwK|
60 (2) BM n‡Z h Gi mgvb K‡i BP Ask †K‡U wbB| P we›`y
45
x y w`‡q PQBN AuvwK| PQ, BE †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Dch©y³ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z p, x I y AuvKv n‡jv| (3) PQ †iLvi A we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i QAC AuvwK|
L. AC, BN †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j ABC-B
DwÏó wÎfyR|
cÖgvY : PQBN Ges AC †Q`K|
 ACB = GKvšÍi CAQ = x Ges ABC Gi K. wÎfzRwUi j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
D”PZv = BP = h L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
 ABC-Gi B = y, C = x Ges D”PZv = h| M. mg‡KvY e¨ZxZ Aci `yBwU †KvY hw` Ab¨ GKwU
Zvn‡j ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfyR| wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY nq Z‡e wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki
œ 14  a †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †iLvsk Ges x = 50 Ges y = 30|
cÖk- hvi †KvYØ‡qi msjMœ evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.| 4
K. Z_¨¸‡jvi mwPÎ weeiY `vI| 2  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. ewY©Z †iLvsk a †K †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû Ges K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg. Ges
x I y †K a Gi msjMœ †KvY a‡i GKwU wÎfzR AwZfzR 10 †m. wg.|
AuvK Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ n‡Z, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î,
M. ewY©Z †iLvsk a †K †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri kxl© †_‡K f‚wgi (AwZfzR)2 = (f‚wg)2 + (j¤^)2
Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ Ges x I y †K f‚wg ev, (j¤^)2 = (AwZf‚R)2 − (f‚wg)2
msjMœ `yBwU †KvY a‡i GKwU wÎfzR AuvK Ges ev, j¤^2 = 102−62
A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 ev, j¤^ = 100 −36 = 64 = 8 †m. wg.
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Ans. 8 †m. wg.
K. L.
a 50 30
8 cm cm
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß Z_¨ eënvi K‡i wb‡Pi wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv| 10
F E
A
6 cm
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg. I
x y
B a
D AwZfzR 10 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
C
A¼b :
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = 6 †m.wg. Ask †K‡U
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i †K‡U wbB|
wbB|
(2) BC †iLvs‡ki B I C we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g CBE = x
(2) B we›`y‡Z BC Gi Dci BD j¤^ AuvwK|
Ges BCF = y AuvwK| (3) C †_‡K 10 †m.wg. Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD Gi Dci
(3) BE I CF ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| CA e„ËPvc AuvwK hv BD †K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| (4) C, A †hvM Kwi|
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß Z_¨ eënvi K‡i wb‡gœi wÎfzRwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv| Zvn‡j, ABC-B wb‡Y©q mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
A M. ÔLÕ Gi wPÎ n‡Z, mg‡KvY e¨ZxZ Aci `yBwU †KvY AuvwK|
P Q
x †Ìqv Av‡Q, †KvYØq msjMœ evû 5 †m.wg.|
y
d a
5 †m.wg. A C
T N
R
M N
B D C
g‡b Kwi, wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ †KvY `yBwU h_vµ‡g x I y

Gi kxl© †_‡K f‚wgi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨, a †Ìqv
P M
Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| 5 †m.wg. Q
A¼b : A¼‡bi weeiY :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †iLvsk AD = a wbB| AD †iLvs‡ki A (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ PM †_‡K PQ = 5 †m.wg. Ask †K‡U
I D we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g PAQ Ges MDN j¤^ AuvwK| wbB|
(2) PQ †iLvs‡ki A we›`y‡Z x = PAB Ges y = (2) P we›`y‡Z QPN = A I Q we›`y‡Z PQT = C
QAC AuvwK| A¼b Kwi|
(3) AB I AC †iLvsk MN †iLvsk‡K B I C we›`y‡Z (3) PN I QT †iLvØq ci¯úi‡K R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j
†Q` K‡i| PQR-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
œ 15  mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg. Ges AwZfzR 10 †m. wg.
cÖk-

œ 16  a GKwU wbw`©ó †iLvsk hvi ˆ`N©¨ 32 †m.wg., x = 30
cÖk- cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABC = ECD| GB †KvY `ywU
Ges y = 60| Abyiƒc e‡j BA ║ CE Ges AC Zv‡ì †Q`K|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jvi wPÎ AuvK| 2  BAC = GKvšÍi ACE = y
AZGe ABC G BAC = y, ABC = x Ges BC = a
L. y Gi wecixZ evû a a‡i GKwU wÎfzR A¼b Ki| 4 myZivs ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
M. a wÎfzRwUi D”PZv Ges x I y f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU M. a
3.2 †m.wg.
†KvY n‡j wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x 30
y
60
K. a P
x
A
y
Q
3.2 †m.wg.
30 60
x y M
B N
D C
†¯‹‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †g‡c GKwU wbw`©ó †iLvsk a = 32 †m.wg. AuvwK G
Ges Puv`vi mvnv‡h¨ cwigvc K‡i x = 30 I y = 60 AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv a = 32 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg
L. a
3.2 †m.wg.
msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x = 30 I y = 60 †Ìqv Av‡Q|
wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
60
x
30 y A¼b :
G
F E
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv AG n‡Z AD = a wbB|
A (2) AD †iLvi A I D we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g PAQ I MDN j¤^
y
y
†iLv AuvwK|
x
a C
x
D (3) PQ †iLvi A we›`y‡Z PAB = x Ges QAC = y
g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU †KvY x = 30 I y = 60 Ges y AuvwK| AB I AC †iLv `yBwU MN-†K h_vµ‡g B I C
Gi wecixZ evû a = 32 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|
A¼b : cÖgvY : PQ Ges MN †iLvØq AD †iLvi Dci j¤^ e‡j Zviv
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †K‡U wbB| mgvšÍivj|ABC = GKvšÍi PAB = x Ges ACB =
(2) BC †iLvs‡ki B I C we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i GKvšÍi QAC = y AZGe, ABC-G, ABC = x,
h_vµ‡g CBF I DCE AuvwK|
ACB = y Ges D”PZv AD = a
(3) CE †iLvi C we›`y‡Z BC †iLvi †h w`‡K B we›`y Aew¯’Z
 ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
†mB w`‡K y Gi mgvb K‡i ECG AuvwK|
(4) CG †iLv BF †iLv‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j
ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR|

œ 17  wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x I y Ges P D³
cÖk- DËi : L. Abykxjbx 71 Gi 2 (M) Gi mgvav‡bi mvnvh¨ bvI| M.
wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv| Abykxjbx 71 Gi 7 Gi mgvav‡bi mvnvh¨ bvI|
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jvi mwPÎ weeiY `vI| 2 œ 19  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 7 †m.wg. I GK evûi
cÖk-
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki I A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.|
M. cÖ`Ë cwimxgv hw` GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv nq Z‡e K. wÎfzRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
DËi : L. Abykxjbx 71 Gi 2(P) bs cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc|
M. Abykxjbx-71 Gi 6 bs mgvavb †`L|
œ 18  wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 4 †m.wg., f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY 50 Ges
cÖk-
Aci `yB evûi AšÍi 15 †m.wg.|
K. DcvË¸‡jvi mwPÎ weeiY `vI| 2
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
M. f‚wg msjMœ †KvYwU ¯’~j‡KvY n‡j wÎfzRwU AuvK| 4
L. wÎfzRwUi weeiY `vI| 4 DËi : L. 105; M. 2 eM© †m. wg. ; 3 eM© †m.wg.|
M. wÎfzRwUi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU eM© A¼b Ki| 4 œ 21  wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ GKwU †KvY x, D”PZv h I Aci `yB
cÖk-
DËi : K. 544 †m.wg. evûi mgwó s|
œ 20  f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY 30 I 40Ges wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv
cÖk- K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jvi mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
12 †m.wg. Ges e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.| L. wÎfzRwUi wPÎ G‡K Zvi A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸wji wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 M. Aci GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg Aw¼Z wÎfz‡Ri Aci evûi ˆ`‡N©ï
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b K‡i eY©bv `vI Ges e„nËi †KvYwU wbY©q Ki| 4 mgvb n‡j wÎfzRwU AuvK| †hLv‡b wÎfzRwUi f‚wg msjMœ †KvY
M. Aw¼Z wÎfzRwUi D”PZv hw` 2 †m.wg. nq Z‡e D”PZv Øviv 50 Ges Aci `yB evûi AšÍi 1.5 †m.wg.| 4
wef³ wÎfzRØ‡qi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : L. Abykxjbx 7.1 Gi 5 bs mgvavb `ªóe¨|
A b yk xj b x 7 .2
 PZzf©yR A¼b
wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU DcvË †Ìqv _vK‡j A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB wÎfyRwU wbw`©ófv‡e AuvKv m¤¢e| wKš‘ PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evû †Ìqv _vK‡jB GKwU
wbw`©ó PZzf©yR AuvKv hvq bv| wbw`©ó PZzf©yR AuvKvi Rb¨ cuvPwU ¯^Zš¿ DcvË cÖ‡qvRb nq| wb‡gœ ewY©Z cuvPwU DcvË Rvbv _vK‡j,
wbw`©ó PZzf©yR AuvKv hvq :
(1) PviwU evû I GKwU †KvY; (2) PviwU evû I GKwU KY©; (3) wZbwU evû I `yBwU KY©; (4) wZbwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ `yBwU
†KvY;
(5) `yBwU evû I wZbwU †KvY|
A¼‡bi †KŠkj jÿ K‡i †`Lv hvq, wKQy †ÿ‡Î mivmwi PZzf©yR AuvKv nq| Avevi wKQy †ÿ‡Î wÎfyR A¼‡bi gva¨‡g PZzf©yR AuvKv nq|
†h‡nZz KY© PZzf©yR‡K `yBwU wÎfy‡R wef³ K‡i, †m‡nZz DcvË wn‡m‡e GKwU ev `yBwU KY© cÖ`Ë n‡j wÎfyR A¼‡bi gva¨‡g PZzf©yR
AuvKv m¤¢e nq|

1 mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri Aci `yBwU †Kv‡Yi cwigvY †Ìqv _vK‡j e¨vL¨v : COD = 90 myZivs AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y
wb‡gœi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wÎfzR A¼b Kiv m¤¢e? mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
AZGe ABCD GKwU i¤^m|
K. 63 I 36 L. 30 I 70  40 I 50 N. 80 I 20  COD n‡Z cvB,
e¨vL¨v : mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY| evwK `yBwU †Kv‡Yi mgwó CD2 = CO2 + OD2
GK mg‡KvY n‡e| myZivs 40 + 50 = 90 ev, CD = 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5
2 i. AvqZ GKwU mvgvšÍwiK ii. eM© GKwU AvqZ  AB = BC = CD = AD = 5
iii. i¤^m GKwU eM©  ABCD Gi cwimxgv = 4  5 = 20 GKK|
Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡gœi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖkœ \ 5 \ wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë DcvË wb‡q PZzf©yR A¼b Ki :
(K) PviwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg., 35 †m.wg., 25 †m.wg. I 3
 i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : iii. mZ¨ bq| KviY e‡M©i me¸‡jv †KvYB mg‡KvY wKš‘ i¤^‡mi
†m.wg. Ges GKwU †KvY 45|
†Kv‡bv †KvYB mg‡KvY bq| mgvavb :
cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI
D C
3
4
O
A B
3 AOB Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
 6 eM© GKK L. 7 eM© GKK
M. 12 eM© GKK N. 14 eM© GKK
e¨vL¨v : wP‡Î COD = 90 nIqvq AOB = 90
1
 AOB Gi †ÿÎdj =  3  4 = 6 eM© GKK|
2
4 PZzfz©RwUi cwimxgv
K. 12 GKK L. 14 GKK  20 GKK N. 28 GKK
3 †m. wg. (4) A I B, A I D, B I C Ges C I D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j,
x
3·5 †m. wg. ABCD-B DwÏó PZzf©yR|
y cÖgvY : A¼b Abymv‡i, AB = a, AD = b, BC = c, CD = d Ges
2·5 †m. wg.
p 45
KY© BD = e| myZivs ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZzf©yR|
3 †m. wg. (M) wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 32 †m.wg., 3 †m.wg., 35 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU
q z
KY© 28 †m.wg. I 45 †m.wg.|
F
mgvavb :
C a
p 32 †m.wg. C
D
b
B 3 †m.wg.
c
35 †m.wg. c
x d
28 †m.wg. e d b
q e
45 †m.wg.
A a E
B
45
g‡b Kwi, GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri wZbwU evû a = 32 †m.wg., b = 3
z †m.wg., c = 35 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU KY© d = 28 †m.wg. I c = 45
A y D E †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| PZzf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evû x, y, p, q h_vµ‡g 3 †m.wg., 35 A¼b :
†m.wg., 25 †m.wg. I 3 †m.wg. Ges †KvY z = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K AB = a = 32 †m.wg. †K‡U wbB|
PZzf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| (2) A I B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g c = 35 †m.wg. I d = 28
A¼b : †m.wg. e¨vmva© wb‡q AB Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K y Gi mgvb K‡i AD Ask †K‡U (3) e„ËPvc `yBwU D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| D, A Ges D, B †hvM
wbB| AD Gi A we›`y‡Z z Gi mgvb K‡i DAF AuvwK| Kwi|
(2) AF †_‡K x Gi mgvb K‡i AB Ask †K‡U wbB| (4) Avevi, A I B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g e = 45 †m.wg.
(3) GLb, B I D we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g p I q Gi mgvb Ges b = 3 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wb‡q AB Gi GKB cv‡k AviI
e¨vmva© wb‡q BAD Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| GB `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| (5) e„ËPvc `yBwU ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| (C, A), (C, B) Ges
(4) GLb B, C I C, D †hvM Kwi| (C, D) †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABCD-B DwÏó PZzf©yR|
myZivs, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZzf©yR| cÖgvY : A¼b Abymv‡i, AB = a = 32 †m.wg., BC = b = 3 †m.wg.,
cÖgvY : A¼b Abymv‡i, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri AB = 3 †m.wg. BC = AD = c = 35 †m.wg. Ges KY© AC = e = 45 †m.wg. I KY© BD =
25 †m.wg., CD = 3 †m.wg. I AD = 35 †m.wg. Ges BAD = 45| d = 28 †m.wg.| myZivs ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZzf©yR|
myZivs ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZzf©yR| [cÖgvwYZ] (N) wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg., 35 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU
(L) PviwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 35 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 25 †m.wg. I 35 †KvY 60 I 45|
†m.wg. Ges GKwU KY© 5 †m.wg.| mgvavb :
mgvavb : F
3 †m. wg.
5 †m. wg. a A
e A b 3.5 †m. wg.
3·5 †m. wg.
a
4 †m. wg. c 4 †m. wg. b G D
b a b
c 2·5 †m. wg. a
d 3·5 †m. wg. x y
B E 60 45
e D x y E
c d Bc C
C
g‡b Kwi, PZzf©y‡Ri wZbwU evû a = 3 †m.wg., b = 35 †m.wg., c =
g‡b Kwi, PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 35 †m.wg., b = 4 †mwg, 4 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU †KvY x = 60 I y = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q|
c = 25 †m.wg. I d = 35 †m.wg. Ges KY© e = 5 †m.wg. †Ìqv PZzf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
Av‡Q †hLv‡b, a + b > e Ges c + d > e| PZzf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| A¼b :
A¼b : (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = c wbB|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K e Gi mgvb K‡i BD †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| (2) BC †iLvs‡ki B I C we›`y‡Z x I y Gi mgvb K‡i
(2) B I D †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g a I b Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q CBF Ges BCG AuvwK|
BD Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„Ë PvcØq A we›`y‡Z (3) BF iwk¥ †_‡K b Gi mgvb K‡i BA †iLvsk †K‡U wbB Ges
†Q` K‡i| CG iwk¥ †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i CD †iLvsk †K‡U wbB|
(3) Avevi, B I D †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g d I c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© (4) A, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó PZzfy©R|
wb‡q BD Gi †hw`‡K A Av‡Q Zvi wecixZ w`‡K AviI `yBwU cÖgvY : A¼b Abymv‡i,
e„ËPvc AuvwK| GB e„Ë PvcØq ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| AB = b, BC = c, CD = a,
ABC = x I BCD = y
myZivs ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZzfy©R| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AB †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i AC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë DcvË wb‡q mvgvšÍwiK A¼b Ki : (2) AC Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi|
K. `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg., 65 †m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ (3) O we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i AOP A¼b Kwi| OP Gi
GKwU †KvY 45| 1
wecixZ iwk¥ OQ A¼b Kwi| OP I OQ iwk¥Øq n‡Z 2 b
mgvavb :
P Gi mgvb K‡i OB I OD †iLvskØq †K‡U wbB|
B (4) A, B; A, D; C, B I C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD-B
a 4 †m.wg. 1
b DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK|
b 6·5 †m.wg. 2
C 1 1
A
x
O a cÖgvY : AOB I COB G OA = OC = 2 a, OB = OD = 2 b
E
1
b
b 2
[A¼bvbymv‡i]
Ges AšÍf© y ³ AOB = AšÍf©y³ COD [wecÖ Zxc †KvY]
45 D
x AZGe, AOB  COD
Q
g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© `yBwU a = 4 †m.wg. b = 65 †m.wg. myZivs AB = CD
Ges KY©Ø‡qi AšÍf©y³ GKwU †KvY x = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| Ges ABO = CDO; wKš‘ †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi †KvY|
mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|  AB I CD mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
A¼b : Abyiƒcfv‡e, AD I BC mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i AC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| myZivs, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK hvi KY©Øq
(2) AC Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi| 1 1
(3) O we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i AOP A¼b Kwi| OP Gi AC = AO + OC = 2 a + 2 a = a
1 1 1
wecixZ iwk¥ OQ A¼b Kwi| OP I OQ iwk¥Øq n‡Z b I BD = BO + OD = 2 b + 2 b = b
2
Gi mgvb K‡i OB I OD †iLvskØq †K‡U wbB| Ges KY© `yBwUi AšÍf©y³ AOB = x
(4) A, B; A, D; C, B I C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD-B AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwiK|
DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK| M. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.,
1 1
cÖgvY : AOB I COD G OA = OC = 2 a, OB = OD = 2 b 65 †m.wg.|
[A¼bvbymv‡i] mgvavb :
F
Ges AšÍf©y³ AOB = AšÍf©y³ COD [wecÖZxc †KvY] G
4 †m.wg. C
AZGe, AOB  COD a D
b 5 †m.wg.
myZivs AB = CD c 65 †m.wg.
Ges ABO = CDO; wKš‘ †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi †KvY| O
 AB I CD mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
A E
Abyiƒcfv‡e, AD I BC mgvb I mgvšÍivj| B
myZivs, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK hvi KY©Øq g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 4 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU
1 1 K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ b = 5 †m.wg. I c = 65 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q|
AC = AO + OC = a + a = a mgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
2 2
1 1
I BD = BO + OD = 2 b + 2 b = b A¼b :
(1) b I c KY©Øq‡K mgvb `yBfv‡M wef³ Kwi|
Ges KY© `yBwUi AšÍf©y³ AOB = x (2) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i AB †iLvsk †K‡U wbB|
AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwiK| b c
(3) A I B †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g 2 I 2 Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
L. `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. 65 †m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ AB Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, e„ËPvc
GKwU †KvY 30| `yBwU ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A, O I B, O †hvM Kwi|
mgvavb : (4) AO †K AF eivei Ges BO †K BG eivei ewa©Z Kwi| OF
b c
P
†_‡K 2 = OC Ges OG †_‡K 2 = OD wbB|
a 5 †m.wg.
b 65 †m.wg. B 1
b
(5) A, D; D, C I B, C †hvM Kwi|
2
A
x
a E Zvn‡j, ABCDB DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK
O 1 C
b b b c
30
cÖgvY : AOB I COD G, OA = OC = 2 ; OB = OD = 2
2
x D Q [A¼bvbymv‡i]
g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ a = 5 †m.wg. b = 65 Ges AšÍf©y³ AOB = AšÍf©y³ COD [wecÖZxc †KvY]
†m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY x = 30 †Ìqv Av‡Q|  AOB  COD
mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|  AB = CD Ges ABO = ODC; wKš‘ †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi †KvY|
A¼b :  AB I CD mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
Abiƒcfv‡e, AD I BC mgvb I mgvšÍivj| cÖkœ \ 8 \ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri KY© `yBwUi †Q`we›`y Øviv KY© `yBwUi
AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwiK| PviwU LwÊZ Ask Ges Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ GKwU †KvY h_vµ‡g OA =
N. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 45 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., OB = 5 †m.wg., OC = 35 †m.wg., OD = 45 †m.wg.
6 †m.wg.|
I AOB = 80. PZzfy©RwU AuvK|
mgvavb : mgvavb :
G
D
4 †m.wg. C E
5 †m.wg. G O A 4.5 †m.wg.
a D F 5 †m.wg.
b 6 †m.wg. O 3.5 †m.wg.
C 3.5 †m.wg.
B
c 4·5 †m.wg. O O C
A a B E 4.5 †m.wg. O
O D
A 80
4 †m.wg.
80 5 m.wg.
g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5 †m.wg. Ges `yBwU O B
K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ b = 6 †m.wg. I c = 45 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q|
mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| A
B
A¼b : F
(1) b I c KY©Øq‡K mgvb `yBfv‡M wef³ Kwi| †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri KY© `yBwUi †Q`we›`y KY© `ywU‡K PviwU As‡k
†_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i AB †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| h_vµ‡g, OA = 4 †m.wg., OB = 5 †m.wg., OC = 35 †m.wg.,
b c OD = 45 †m.wg. LwÊZ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ GKwU †KvY
(2) A I B †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g 2 I 2 Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
AOB = 80 †Ìqv Av‡Q| PZzf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
AB Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, e„ËPvc `yBwU A¼b :
ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A, O I B, O †hvM Kwi| (1) AE †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU mij‡iLv wbB| AE †iLv n‡Z 4 †m.wg.
(3) AO †K AF eivei Ges BO †K BG eivei ewa©Z Kwi| OF †_‡K Gi mgvb K‡i AO Ges 35 †m.wg. Gi mgvb K‡i OC Ask
b c
= OC Ges OG †_‡K = OD wbB| †K‡U wbB|
2 2
(4) A, D; D, C I B, C †hvM Kwi| (2) AO †iLvi O we›`y‡Z AOB Gi mgvb K‡i AOF AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK OF Gi wecixZ w`K OG Uvwb |
b c (3) OF †iLv n‡Z 5 †m.wg. Gi mgvb K‡i OB Ges OG n‡Z 45
cÖgvY : AOB I COD G, OA = OC = 2 ; OB = OD = 2 [A¼bvbymv‡i] †m.wg. Gi mgvb K‡i OD Ask †K‡U wbB|
Ges AšÍf©y³ AOB = AšÍf©y³ COD [wecÖZxc †KvY] (4) GLb, A, B; B, C; C, D I A, D †hvM Kwi|
 AOB  COD myZivs, ABCD wb‡Y©q PZzfz©R Aw¼Z n‡jv|
 AB = CD Ges ABO = ODC; wKš‘ †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi †KvY|
cÖgvY : ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri AC I BD `ywU KY©| AC I BD KY©Øq
 AB I CD mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| GLb KY©Ø‡qi PviwU LwÊZ Ask
Abyiƒcfv‡e, AD I BC mgvb I mgvšÍivj| OA = 4 †m.wg.; OB = 5 †m.wg.; OC = 35 †m.wg. Ges OD = 45
AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwiK| †m.wg. Ges
cÖkœ \ 7 \ ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri AB I BC evû Ges B, C I D KY©Ø‡qi AšÍf©y³ GKwU †KvY AOB = 80|
†KvY †Ìqv Av‡Q| PZzf©yRwU AuvK|  ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZzf©yR| [cÖgvwYZ]
mgvavb :
F cÖkœ \ 9 \ i¤^‡mi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 35 †m.wg. I GKwU †KvY
a G 45; i¤^mwU AuvK|
b
a
mgvavb :
35 †mwg.
x
b
g‡b Kwi, GKwU PZzf©yR ABCD Gi `yBwU evû BC = b I AB = a 45
F q
Ges wZbwU †KvY B, C I D †Ìqv Av‡Q| PZyf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| B
x C
A¼b :
(1) BE iwk¥ n‡Z BC = b †K‡U wbB|
(2) B I C we›`y‡Z B I C Gi mgvb K‡i h_vµ‡g CBF Ges x
x
BCG AvuwK| GLb BF n‡Z AB = a †K‡U wbB|
(3) A we›`y‡Z BAD = D AvuwK| AD †iLv CG †iLvsk‡K D
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j ABCD-B DwÏó PZzfz©R| q
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, PZzfz©R ABCD G BC = b; AB = a A
E
x D
Ges CBA = B, BCD = C g‡b Kwi, GKwU i¤^‡mi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ x = 35 †m.wg. I GKwU
Ges BAD = D
†KvY q = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| i¤^mwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 ABCD-B wb‡Y©q PZyf©yR|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU mij‡iLv AE wbB| AE n‡Z x Gi mgvb mgvavb :
K‡i AD Ask †K‡U wbB| p
(2) AD Gi A we›`y‡Z q Gi mgvb K‡i DAF AuvwK| AF q
n‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i AB Ask †K‡U wbB| G E
(3) GLb B I D we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i x Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q A A
D
Gi wecixZ cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| D³ e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi q
C we›`y‡Z †Q` Kij|
O
(4) GLb, B, C I C, D †hvM Kwi| p
myZivs ABCD wb‡Y©q i¤^m Aw¼Z n‡jv|
cÖgvY : ABCD PZyf©y‡R †h‡nZz AB = BC = CD = DA B C
H
 Gi wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb| g‡b Kwi, p I q `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv Av‡Q, i¤^mwU AuvK‡Z
A_©vr A = C Ges B = D n‡e|
Ges A + D = 180 A¼b :
ev, D = 180 − A (1) †h‡Kv‡bv †iLv BE †_‡K KY© p Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask †K‡U
ev, D = 180 − 45 = 135 [ A = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q] wbB| BD †iLv‡K O we›`y‡Z GH †iLv Øviv mgwØLwÊZ Kwi|
 A = C = 45 Ges B = D = 135
 (2) GLb O †K †K›`ª K‡i q Gi A‡a©‡Ki mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD
myZivs ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡nZz cÖ‡Z¨KUv evûB mgvb Ges GKwU Gi Dfq cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| GB PvcØq GH †iLv‡K
†KvYI mg‡KvY bq| myZivs Bnv GKwU i¤^m| h_vµ‡g A I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
GLb, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri (3) GLb A I B, B I C, C I D Ges D I A we›`y¸‡jv †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j ABCD B DwÏó i¤^m|
AB = BC = CD = DA = 35 †m.wg. Ges A = 45|
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i,
 ABCD-B wb‡Y©q i¤^m| [cÖgvwYZ] AB = BC = CD = DA
cÖkœ \ 10 \ i¤^‡mi GKwU evû Ges GKwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv OB = OD, OA = OC
Av‡Q| i¤^mwU AuvK| Ges AOB = BOC = COD = DOA = GK mg‡KvY|
mgvavb : AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q i¤^m|
a cÖkœ \ 12 \ eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv †Ìqv Av‡Q| eM©‡¶ÎwU AuvK|
e mgvavb :
E
A a D
P P
4 2
P
P1 P2
F
a e a
B C
B a C
g‡b Kwi, i¤^‡mi GKwU evû a I GKwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ e †Ìqv A P D
E
Av‡Q, i¤^mwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| 4
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv p| eM©‡¶ÎwU AvuK‡Z n‡e|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv †iLv BE †_‡K e Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask †K‡U wbB| A¼b :
(2) GLb B we›`y‡Z a Gi mgvb K‡i BD Gi Dfq cv‡k `yBwU (1) p †K cÖ_‡g p2 we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ Kwi| Avevi p2 †K p1
e„ËPvc AuvwK| we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ Kwi|
(3) Avevi, D we›`y‡Z BD Gi Dfq cv‡k AviI `yBwU e„ËPvc → P
(2) GLb, AE †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ †_‡K 4 Gi mgvb K‡i AD Ask
AuvwK| GB PvcØq c~‡e©i PvcØq‡K A I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(4) GLb, A I B, B I C, C I D Ges D I A we›`y¸‡jv †hvM †K‡U wbB|
Kwi| Zvn‡j ABCD-B DwÏó i¤^m| (3) A we›`y‡Z AF j¤^ AuvwK| AF n‡Z AB = AD †K‡U wbB| B
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, I D we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AB A_ev AD Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
AB = BC = CD = DA = a Ges BD = e A Gi gaëZ©x As‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AvuwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU
Ges AB  CD I BC  AD ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
AZGe, ABCD B wb‡Y©q i¤^m| (4) C I B Ges C I D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABCD wb‡Y©q eM©‡¶Î|
cÖkœ \ 11 \ i¤^‡mi `y&BwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N¨© †Ìqv Av‡Q| i¤^mwU AuvK| cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, ABCD PZzf©y‡R,
AB = BC = CD = DA =
1
p Ges A = 1 mg‡KvY| Ges cÖ¯’ = 3x GKK
4  RKxi evwoi †ÿÎdj = (4x . 3x) eM© GKK
 ABCD eM©‡¶ÎwU wb‡Y©q eM©‡¶Î| [cÖgvwYZ]
= 12x2 eM© GKK
cÖkœ \ 13 \ RKx I Rvdi mv‡n‡ei emZ evwo GKB mxgv‡iLvi Zvn‡j, 12x = 300
2
g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z Ges evwoi †ÿÎdj mgvb| Z‡e RKx mv‡n‡ei evwoi 300
ev, x2 = 12
AvK…wZ AvqZvKvi Ges Rvdi mv‡n‡ei evwo mvgvšÍwiK AvK…wZi|
K. f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 10 GKK Ges D”PZv 8 GKK a‡i Zv‡ì evwoi ev, x2 = 25
mxgv‡iLv A¼b Ki| ev, x = 25
L. †`LvI †h, RKx mv‡n‡ei evwoi cwimxgv Rvdi mv‡n‡ei  x = 5 GKK
evwoi cwimxgv A‡cÿv †QvU| RKxi evwoi ˆ`N©¨ = (4  5) GKK
M. RKx mv‡n‡ei evwoi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 4 : 3 Ges = 20 GKK
†ÿÎdj 300 eM© GKK n‡j, Zv‡ì evwoi †ÿÎdjØ‡qi Ges cÖ¯’ = (3  5) GKK
AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| = 15 GKK
wPÎ Abymv‡i, Rvdi mv‡n‡ei D C
mgvavb :
evwoi †ÿÎdj
K. cÖkœg‡Z, RKx I Rvdi mv‡n‡ei emZ evwo GKB mxgv‡iLvi
g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z Ges evwoi †ÿÎdj mgvb| RKxi evwoi AvK…wZ = (f‚wg  D”PZv) eM© GKK h
= ah eM© GKK
AvqZvKvi Ges Rvdi mv‡n‡ei evwo mvgvšÍwiK AvK…wZi|
= (20  15) eM© GKK
f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 10 GKK Ges D”PZv 8 GKK a‡i Zv‡ì evwoi A B
= 300 eM© GKK a
mxgv‡iLv wb‡P A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
F E D C  RKx I Rvdi mv‡n‡ei evwoi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ = 300 : 300
=1 : 1
8 GKK 8 GKK cÖkœ \ 14 \ GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfyR 5 †m.wg. I GK evûi
ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.
A 10 GKK B A 10 GKK B Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K. wÎfzRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
wPÎ : 1 wPÎ : 2
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| (A¼‡bi wPý Avek¨K)
wP‡Î ABEF Ges ABCD n‡jv h_vµ‡g RKx I Rvdi
M. wÎfzRwUi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU eM© A¼b
mv‡n‡ei evwo| Ki| (A¼‡bi wPý Avek¨K)
L. †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, RKx mv‡n‡ei evwoi cwimxgv Rvdi mv‡n‡ei mgvavb :
evwoi cwimxgv A‡cÿv †QvU| (K) †Ìqv Av‡Q, AwZfyR = 5 †m.wg., GK evû = 4 †m.wg. Ges
F D E C
Aci evû = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, (AwZfyR)2 = (GK evû)2 + (Aci evû)2
ev, 52 = 42 + (Aci evû)2
ev, 25 = 16 + (Aci evû)2
ev, (Aci evû)2 = 25 − 16
A B ev, (Aci evû)2 = 9
 Aci evû = 3 = 3 †m.wg.
cÖkœg‡Z, RKx Ges Rvdi mv‡n‡ei evwoi †ÿÎdj mgvb|
A_©vr mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj nIqvq,  wb‡Y©q Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
RKx mv‡n‡ei evwo (ABEF AvqZ‡ÿÎ) Ges Rvdi mv‡n‡ei (L)
D
evwo (ABCD mvgvšÍwiK) GKB f‚wg AB-Gi Ici Ges GKB
mgvšÍivj hyMj AB I CE-Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| A
†`Lv hvq †h, RKxi evwoi cÖwZwU †KvY mg‡KvY|
myZivs BCE mg‡KvYx wÎfyR| BC, a 3 †m.wg. c
BCE-Gi AwZfyR nIqvq BC > BE b 5 †m.wg. b
c 4 †m.wg.
GLb, RKxi evwoi cwimxgv = 2(AB + BE)
= 2AB + 2BE
B a E
Ges Rvdi mv‡n‡ei evwoi cwimxgv = 2(AB + BC) C
= 2AB + 2BC mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri AwZfyR b = 5 †m.wg. Ges Aci evû `yBwU
†h‡nZz BC > BE c = 4 †m.wg. I a = 3 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
myZivs 2AB + 2BC > 2AB + 2BE A¼b :
A_©vr RKxi evwoi cwimxgv Rvdi mv‡n‡ei evwoi cwimxgv (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk
A‡cÿv †QvU| †K‡U wbB|
M. cÖkœg‡Z, RKxi evwoi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ = 4 : 3 (2) BC †iLvi B we›`y‡Z CBD = 90 A¼b Kwi|
g‡b Kwi, RKxi evwoi ˆ`N©¨ = 4x GKK
(3) BC †iLvi B I C †K †K›`ª K‡i c I b Gi e¨vmva© wb‡q AB
4 †m.wg.
`yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK hv BD iwk¥i A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| BC
5 †m.wg.
(4) A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
F
(M) L †_‡K cvB, ABC-Gi cwimxgv = AB + BC + AC
=4+3+5
= 12 A = 85 A
85 G
 wÎfyRwUi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU eM©
4 †m.wg.
AuvK‡Z n‡e| D
H
B = 80
p p
4 2 80 95
P E
= 12 †m.wg. B 5 †m.wg. C
C = 95
g‡b Kwi, GKwU PZzfz©‡Ri `yBwU mwbœwnZ evû AB = 4 †m.wg.
F BC = 5 †m.wg. Ges wZbwU †KvY A = 85, B = 80 Ges
A D C = 95 †Ìqv Av‡Q| PZzfz©RwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = 5 †m.wg. wbB|
(2) B I C we›`y‡Z B I C Gi mgvb K‡i h_vµ‡g
E CBF I BCG A¼b Kwi|
B
C (3) BF †_‡K BA = 4 †m.wg. Ask wbB| A we›`y‡Z A Gi
A¼b : mgvb K‡i BAH A¼b Kwi|
1
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K 4 P Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC (4) AH I CG ci¯úi‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
†iLvsk A¼b Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD B DwÏó PZzfz©R|
1 cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, AB = 4 †m.wg., BC = 5 †m.wg.
(2) BC †iLvi B we›`y‡Z BF j¤^ AuvwK| BF iwk¥ †_‡K 4 P ABC = 80, BCD = 95, BAD = 85
Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BA †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| myZivs ABCD B wb‡Y©q PZzfz©R|
1 M.
(3) GLb, A I C †K †K›`ª K‡i 4 P Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q 4 †m.wg.
a
ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcØq 5 †m.wg.
b
ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| B = 80
(4) A, D I C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCDB DwÏó eM©| F
cÖkœ \ 15 \ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri AB = 4 †m.wg., BC = 5 †m.wg.|
A = 85, B = 80 Ges C = 95. A b
Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| G

K. D Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| a a
L. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx ABCD PZzf©yRwU A¼b Ki| (A¼‡bi
wPý Avek¨K)|
M. cÖ`Ë evû `yBwU‡K GKwU mvgšÍwi‡Ki evû Ges B = 80 E
B b C
a‡i mvgšÍwiKwU A¼b Ki (A¼‡bi wPý Avek¨K)|
g‡b Kwi, GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU mwbœwnZ evû a = 4
mgvavb :
†m.wg. I b = 5 †m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍfz©R †KvY B = 80
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri A = 85, B = 80 Ges †Ìqv Av‡Q| mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
C = 95 A¼b :
Avgiv Rvwb, PZzfz©‡Ri Pvi †Kv‡Yi mgwó Pvi mg‡KvY ev 360 (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = b wbB|
A_©vr, A + B + C + D = 360 (2) B we›`y‡Z EBF = B = 80 A¼b Kwi| BF †_‡K a
ev, 85 + 80 + 95 + D = 360 Gi mgvb BA wbB|
ev, 260 + D = 360 (3) A I C †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g b I a Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
ev, D = 360 − 260 wb‡q ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Giv
 D = 100 ci¯úi‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
L. (4) A, D I C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó
mvgvšÍwiK|
cÖgvY : A, C †hvM Kwi| ABC I ADC G
AB = CD = a
AD = BC = b Ges AC mvaviY evû|
ABC  ADC.
AZGe, BAC = DCA; wKš‘ †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi †KvY|
 AB || CD Avevi, A¼b Abymv‡i ABC = B = 80
Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, BC || AD. AZGe, ABCD B wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwiK|
myZivs, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|

1. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j †KvbwU A¼b Kiv m¤¢e? i. 3wU evû Ges 2wU †KvY
K mvgvšÍwiK L UªvwcwRqvg M AvqZ‡ÿÎ  eM©‡ÿÎ ii. 2wU evû I 3wU †KvY
2. KqwU ¯^Zš¿ DcvË _vK‡j GKwU PZzf©yR AuvKv m¤¢e? iii. ïay PviwU evû
K4 5 M6 N7 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3. wbw`©ó PZzf©yR AuvKvi †ÿ‡Î KqwU ¯^Zš¿ DcvË cÖ‡qvRb?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K2 L3 M4 5 7. KLb †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó wÎfzR A¼b m¤¢e bq? hLb
4. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri cwimxgv I GKwU †KvY ( 90) †Ìqv
†Ìqv _v‡K−
Av‡Q| wb‡Pi †KvbwU AuvKv m¤¢e? i. wZbwU evû ii. wZbwU †KvY
K mvgvšÍwiK  i¤^m M AvqZ N UªvwcwRqvg iii. `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY
5. GKwU Avq‡Zi mwbœwnZ `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 5 I 7 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†m.wg.| AšÍf©y³ †KvY KZ n‡j AvqZwU AuvKv hv‡e? Ki  ii M iii N i, ii I iii
K 30 L 45 M 60  90
6. GKwU PZzf©yR AuvK‡Z cÖ‡qvRb−

A D
72 : PZzfyR
© A¼b
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi O
B C
8. Kgc‡ÿ KqwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ Rvbv _vK‡j we‡kl †ÿ‡Î PZzfy©R
A¼b m¤¢e? (mnR) ABCD i¤^m n‡j, BOC = KZ? (mnR)
1 L2 M3 N4  90 L 60 M 45 N 35

e¨vL¨v : e‡M©i GKwU evû †Ìqv _vK‡j eM©wU AuvKv hvq| KviY Zv‡Z cuvPwU DcvË, 14. PQRS mvgvšÍwi‡K Q = 100 n‡j, R = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
h_v e‡M©i Pvi mgvb evû I GK †KvY (mg‡KvY) wbw`©ó nq| K 60  80 M 90 N 100
9. PZzfy©‡Ri GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¼b e¨vL¨v :  Q = 100 ZvB S = 100
Kiv hvq? (mnR) 360 − 200 160
 R = = = 80
2 2
 eM© L AvqZ
15.
M i¤^m N mvgvšÍwiK
D C
10. wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î mvgvšÍwiK AuvKv hv‡e? (ga¨g)
2x + 15
K PviwU evû I GKwU †KvY L PviwU evû I `yBwU †KvY 2x +5
 GKwU evû I `yBwU KY© N `yBwU evû I wZbwU †KvY
A B E
11. GKwU i¤^‡mi cwimxgv a Ges GKwU †KvY x †Ìqv _vK‡j
ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK n‡j, x = ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡Z© GwU AuvKv m¤¢e? (mnR)
K 30  40 M 45 N 60
K x = 0  x = 120
16. PZzf©y‡Ri wZbwU †KvY 60, 90 I 110 n‡j, Aci †KvYwUi
M x = 180 N x = 200
cwigvc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : i¤^‡mi †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi gvb 180 A‡cÿv †QvU Ges 0 A‡cÿv eo| K 90  100 M 110 N 120
12. GKwU i¤^‡mi cwimxgv 32 †m.wg. n‡j Gi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ 17. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ga¨we›`y †hvM Ki‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb
KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) PZzf©yRwU Drcbœ nq? (mnR)
K4 L6 8 N 18 K AvqZ‡ÿÎ  mvgvšÍwiK
13. M eM©‡ÿÎ N UªvwcwRqvg
18. hw` †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri KY©Øq mgvb nq Ges ci¯úi‡K
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i Z‡e PZzf©yRwU Kx? (mnR)
K PZzfy©R L mvgvšÍwiK
 eM©‡ÿÎ N UªvwcwRqvg 26.
19. D C
E D 3
3x + 35 x
x + 22 A B
2x + 9 4
F C i. ABD I BCD Gi †ÿÎdj mgvb
CDEF PZzf©y‡R CDE = KZ? (ga¨g) ii. ABD Gi †ÿÎdj 6 eM© GKK
K 40 L 41  42 N 43 iii. BD KY© ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki mgwØLwÊZ
K‡i
20. i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| KY©Ø‡qi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
AšÍf©y³ †KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K m~²‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY 27. `yBwU evû I Zv‡ì AšÍfy©³ †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j Ñ
M mij‡KvY  mg‡KvY i. wÎfyR A¼b Kiv hvq ii. we‡kl PZzfy©R A¼b Kiv hvq
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, i¤^‡mi KY© `yBwU ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| iii. i¤^m A¼b Kiv hvq
21. ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki AC Ges BD KY© `yBwU O we›`y‡Z †Q` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K‡i‡Q| wb‡gœi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
A D 28. PZzfy©R A¼b Kiv hvq Ñ
i. GKwU ev `yBwU KY© Øviv wÎfyR A¼‡bi gva¨‡g
ii. `yBwU evû I wZbwU †KvY Øviv
B C
iii. GKwU evûi Øviv
K AO = AB  BO = DO M CO = DC N BO = BC wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : †h‡nZz mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© `yBwU ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| BD K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K‡Y©i ga¨we›`y O| †m‡nZz BO = DO
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29−32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
22. wbw`©ó PZzfy©R A¼‡b cÖ‡qvRbÑ A B
i. PviwU evû I GKwU †KvY ii. PviwU evû `yBwU KY©
iii. wZbwU †KvY I `yBwU evû 4 †m. wg.
O
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 3 †m. wg. P
23. mvgvšÍwiK AuvK‡Z cÖ‡qvRb Ñ D C
i. `yBwU KY© I Zv‡ì AšÍfy©³ GKwU †KvY ABCD AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi P KY©Ø‡qi †Q`we›`y| PB = 4 †m.wg.; OP =
ii. GKwU evû I `yBwU KY© 3 †m.wg. Ges OP ⊥ AD
iii. wZbwU evû I `yBwU mgvb †KvY 29. OD Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 2 L 5  7 N 13
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
myZivs BP = DP = 4 †m.wg., †h‡nZz OP ⊥ AD
24.  OD2 = DP2 − OP2 = 42 − 32 = 16 − 9 = 7
S R
 OD = 7
O 30. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cÖ¯’ AD = KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K2 2 7 M3 3 N5 3
P Q e¨vL¨v : AD = AO + OD = OD + OD = 2OD = 2  7 = 2 7
PQRS GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ n‡j− 31. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ AB = KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
i. PR = SQ Ges PO = RO K3 L4 M5 6
ii. PQ I PS Gi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j AvqZwU AuvKv hvq e¨vL¨v : AB = 2  OP = 2  3 †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg.
iii. PR I PQ Gi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j PQRS AvqZwU AuvKv hvq 32. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K2+ 3 L 2(2 + 3)

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  4(3 + 7) N 4(5 + 3)
25. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : e¨vL¨v : cwimxgv = 2(AB + AD) = 2(6 + 2 7) = 4(3 + 7)
i. PZzf©y‡Ri `ywU evû mgvb n‡j Aci `ywU evû mgvb n‡e  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 33−35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
iii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© `ywU ci¯úi mgvb bq
A B A B
84
x
5x + 4
y
48 O
D C C D
33. BCD-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) ABDC GKwU i¤^m

K 80  96 M 115 N 120 36. x-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
34. x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 4 L7 M 12 N 18
 48 L 52 M 55 N 58 37. y-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
35. BAD-Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) K 28  24 M 21 N 15
K 140  132 M 126 N 120 38. ABDC-Gi cwimxgv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 36−38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 72 GKK  96 GKK M 210 GKK N180 GKK

39. wb‡Pi †Kvb PZzf©y‡Ri KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ  eM©‡ÿÎ N mvgvšÍwiK
K‡i? 52. cÖ‡Z¨K KY© mvgvšÍwiK‡K−
K AvqZ‡ÿÎ L mvgvšÍwiK K `yBwU mgvb wÎfz‡R wef³ K‡i
 i¤^m N UªvwcwRqvg  `yBwU me©mg wÎfz‡R wef³ K‡i
40. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AuvK‡Z cwimxgv I GKwU †Kv‡Yi gvb M `yBwU mgvb As‡k wef³ K‡i bv
cÖ‡qvRb? N `yBwU me©mg wÎfz‡R wef³ K‡i bv
K UªvwcwRqvg L eM© 53. ïay cwimxgv Rvb‡jB wb‡Pi †KvbwU AuvKv m¤¢e?
M mvgvšÍwiK  i¤^m K AvqZ‡ÿÎ L mvgvšÍwiK M UªvwcwRqvg  eM©
41. PZzf©y‡Ri Pvi †Kv‡Yi mgwó †KvbwU? 54. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †KvY GK kxl© we›`yMvgx evûØq mgvb n‡j Ges
 360 L 180 M 270 N 90 Gi GKwU †KvYI mg‡KvY bv n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
42. mvgvšÍwi‡K mwbœwnZ `yB †Kv‡Yi mgwó KZ? K AvqZ L eM© M i¤^m  UªvwcwRqvg
 180 L 90 M 360 N 120
55. wbw`©ó PZzf©yR A¼‡b cÖ‡qvRb− [wRjv ¯‹zj,Lyjbv]
43. ABCD i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
i. PviwU evû I GKwU †KvY
AOD = KZ?
ii. PviwU evû I `yBwU KY©
K 120 L 160  90 N 180
44. wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î mvgvšÍwiK AuvKv hv‡e? iii. wZbwU †KvY I `yBwU evû
 PviwU evû GKwU †KvY L PviwU evû GKwU KY© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M GKwU ev 2wU KY© N `yBwU evû 3wU KY© K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
45. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki cwimxgv 28 †m.wg. mwbœwnZ evûØ‡qi AbycvZ 4 : 3 56. Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki−
n‡j e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? i. PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evû I GKwU †KvY †Ìqv _vK‡j
K4 L6 8 N 12 PZzf©yRwU AuvKv hvq
46. UªvwcwRqv‡gi PviwU †Kv‡Yi mgvb †gvU KZ? ii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©Øq I Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY †Ìqv
K 90 L 270 M 180  360 _vK‡j mvgvšÍwiK AuvKv hvq
47. wZbwU evû I KqwU K‡Y©i gvb Rvbv _vK‡j GKwU wbw`©ó iii. Avq‡Zi `yBwU mwbœwnZ evû †Ìqv _vK‡j AvqZwU AuvKv hvq
PZzf©yR AuvKv m¤¢e? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1 L2 M3 N4
 i, ii I iii L ii I iii M i I iii Ni
48. wZbwU evû I KqwU K‡Y©i gvb Rvbv _vK‡j GKwU wbw`©ó
PZzf©yR AuvKv m¤¢e? 57. i. AvqZ GKwU mvgvšÍwiK
1 L2 M3 N4 ii. eM© GKwU AvqZ
49. GKwU evû I GKwU †KvY _vK‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU AuvKv hv‡e? iii. i¤^m GKwU eM©
K mvgvšÍwiK  i¤^m M AvqZ‡ÿÎ N UªvwcwRqvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
50. PZzf©y‡Ri GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¼b  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Kiv hvq? 58. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K AvqZ  eM© M i¤^m N i. e‡M©i GKwU evû _vK‡j eM© AuvKv hvq
mvgvšÍwiK ii. GKwU evû †Ìqv _vK‡j AvqZ‡ÿÎ AuvKv hvq
51. GKwUgvÎ evû _vK‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU AuvKv hvq? iii. e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv _vK‡j eM©wU AuvKv hvq
K AvqZ‡ÿÎ L i¤^m wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj, PÆMÖvg]
I ii
Ki  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 59. A + B = KZ?
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 59−61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  180 L 270 M 150 N 360
A B 60. ABCD †ÿÎwU‡K Avi Kx ejv hvq?
K i¤^m  mvgvšÍwiK M `yBwU wÎfzR N UªvwcwRqvg
O 61. ABCD AvqZ‡ÿ‡Î AC = 5, AB = 4 n‡j ABCD †ÿ‡Îi
D C †ÿÎdj KZ?
ABCD GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ| AC I BD Gi KY©Øq| KY©Øq K6 L 18  12 N 20
ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i.GKwU mij‡iLv `yBwU mij‡iLv‡K †Q` Ki‡j AvUwU
†KvY Drcbœ nq
62. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : ii. GK mij‡KvY = 180
i. 40 †Kv‡Yi c~iK †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 50 iii. †iLvi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’, D”PZv Av‡Q
ii. 120 †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 60 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
iii. 60 †Kv‡Yi wecÖZxc †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 30  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 68. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvY `yBwU ci¯ú‡ii m¤ú~iK
63. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : ii. `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jv mgvb n‡j, wÎfzRØq me©mg bvI n‡Z cv‡i
i. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i iii. wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU evûi AšÍidj, Z…Zxq evû
ii. wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ga¨we›`ymg~n †hvM Ki‡j Drcbœ A‡cÿv ¶z`ªZi
wÎfzRwU mgevû n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
iii. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri ga¨gv wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi wfwË‡Z 69 I 70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
64. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : A
i. UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû `yBwUi mgvb Ges Aci evû mgvb bq
ii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K KY© mvgvšÍwi‡K `yBwU me©mg 120
wÎfz‡Ri wef³ K‡i B C D
iii. wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ 69. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi mgwói mgvb K ACD = ACB + ABC
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  ACD = ABC + BAC
M ACD = BAC + ACB
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii N ACD = ABC
65. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 70. ABC + BAC = KZ? (ga¨g)
i. e‡M©i GKwU evû †Ìqv _vK‡j eM© A¼b Kiv hvq K 60 L 100  120 N 90
ii. GKwU KY© †Ìqv _vK‡j eM© AuvKv m¤¢e  wb‡Pi wPÎ Aej¤^‡b 71 − 73 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
iii. GKwU evû †Ìqv _vK‡j AvqZ AuvKv hvq
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 60 50
66. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : D B C E
i. PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU evû mgvb n‡j Aci `yBwU evû mgvb 71. BAC = ? (mnR)
K 50 L 60  70 N 90
n‡e
72. ADB = 30 n‡j BAD = ? (ga¨g)
ii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
K 25  30 M 35 N 40
iii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© `yBwU ci¯úi mgvb bq
73. AEC = 25 n‡j CAE = KZ? (ga¨g)
 25 L 30 M 40 N 45
67. wb‡Pi MvwYwZK evK¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :

œ 1  GKwU e‡M©i cwimxgv
cÖk- P = 12 †m.wg. Ges x = 50; M
y = 70. Y Z
X
K. eM©wUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2 p
2
= 6 †m.wg. b y C
L. eM©wU A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4 a
p
D
= 4 †m.wg.
P P P 3
M. 2, 3 †Kv‡bv UªvwcwRqv‡gi `ywU mgvšÍivj evû Ges 2 b
evû msjMœ `ywU †KvY x, y n‡j UªvwcwRqvgwU A¼b 70 x b x y

y 50 A
Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K ] 4 x
X E B
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  P X

g‡b Kwi, UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØq a = 2 = 6 †m.wg.
K e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ a n‡j, cwimxgv 4a = 12 P P
Ges b = 3 = 4 †m.wg., †hLv‡b, a  b Ges e„nËi evû a = 2
ev, a = 3 †m. wg. msjMœ †KvYØq x = 70 I y = 50| UªvwcwRqvgwU AuvK‡Z
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj a = (3  3) eM© †m.wg.
2
n‡e|
= 9 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.) A¼b : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AX †_‡K AB = a wbB| B †iLvs‡ki
L ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg. wb‡Pi A we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb BAY Ges B we›`y‡Z y Gi mgvb
DcvË Abymv‡i eM©‡ÿÎwU AuvKv n‡jv| ABZ AuvwK|
a 3 †m. wg. Gevi AB †iLvsk †_‡K AE = b †K‡U wbB| E we›`y‡Z
F
C
a
D BC || AY AuvwK hv BZ iwk¥‡Z C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Gevi CD
|| BA AuvwK| CD †iLvsk AY iwk¥‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
a
a Zvn‡j, ABCD B DwÏó UªvwcwRqvg|
A E
a B
we‡kl wbe©Pb : eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 3 †m.wg.|
eM©‡ÿÎwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a = 3 †m.wg. Gi mgvb K‡i
AB Ask †K‡U wbB|
(2) A we›`y‡Z AF j¤^ AuvwK| AF †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i
AC †K‡U wbB|
(3) C I B †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BAC
Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK|
(4) e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| C, D I B, D
†hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABDC-B DwÏó eM©‡ÿÎ|

œ 2  †h‡Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv p
cÖk- eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv p A¼b Kiv n‡jv| GLb p-Gi
p cÖvšÍwe›`yØq‡K †K›`ª K‡i p-Gi A‡a©‡Ki †ewk e¨vmva© wb‡q
K. A¼b Ki| 2
4 p-Gi Dfq cv‡k `yBwU K‡i e„ËPvc AuvwK| GLb e„ËPvç‡jvi
L. eM©‡ÿÎwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 p
M. GKwU i¤^m A¼b Ki hvi GKwU †KvY x Ges wgwjZ we›`yØq †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j 2 Aw¼Z n‡jv| Abyiƒcfv‡e
cwimxgv D³ eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi mgvb| 4 p
A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
L. g‡b Kwi, GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv p †Ìqv Av‡Q| eM©‡ÿÎwU
K. AuvK‡Z n‡e|
p p
p 4 2
F M. a
X
p
A 4 D x
p
D
C
p 4
4
p E A
B 4
C B Q P E
A¼b :
p
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE n‡Z BC = 4 KvwU|
(2) BE iwk¥i B we›`y‡Z EBF = 90 AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, GKwU i¤^‡mi cwimxgv a = p Ges GKwU †KvY x
p
(3) BF n‡Z BA = 4 wbB| †Ìqv Av‡Q| i¤^mwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(4) A I C we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i p4 Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ AE †_‡K cwimxgv a Gi mgvb K‡i
EBF Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU
AP †iLvsk †K‡U †bB| AP †K Q we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ
ci¯úi‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| 1
(5) A, D Ges C, D †hvM Kwi| Kwi| †hLv‡b AQ = 2a
Zvn‡j, ABCD B DwÏó eM©‡ÿÎ| 1
(2) Avevi AQ †K B we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ Kwi| Zvn‡j AB = 4a|
(3) AB †iLvs‡ki A we›`y‡Z BAX = x AuvwK| AX iwk¥
1
†_‡K AD = AB = 4a Ask †K‡U wbB|
1
(4) B I D †K †K›`ª K‡i AB = 4 a e¨vmva© wb‡q BAD
Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi‡K
C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(5) B, C I D, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABCD-B DwÏó
i¤^m|

œ 3  ABCD GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.,
cÖk- 5 g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri PviwU evû h_vµ‡g a = AB = 4
†m.wg. 55 †m.wg. I 6 †m.wg. Ges GKwU †KvY 45| †m.wg., b = BC = 5 †m.wg., c = CD = 55 †m.wg. I d =
K. †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU i¤^m A¼b Ki Ges wPwýZ Ki| 2 AD = 6 †m.wg. Ges GKwU †KvY B = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q
L. Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K PZzf©yRwU A¼b Ki| 4 PZzf©yRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
M. ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó A¼b :
GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ A¼b Ki| 4 (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BX †_‡K BC = 5 †m.wg. Ask †K‡U wbB|
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (2) B we›`y‡Z YBC = 45 †KvY A¼b Kwi, Ges BY
†_‡K AB = 4 †m.wg. Ask †K‡U wbB|
K. wb‡P PQRS GKwU i¤^m A¼b Kiv n‡jv : (3) A I C we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i
S R
h_vµ‡g d I c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q `yBwU e„ËPvc
A¼b Kwi| g‡b Kwi Zviv ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(4) A, D I C, D †hvM Kwi|
P Q Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó PZzf©yR|
L. M.
a T
4 †m.wg.
b p H
5 †m.wg. 45 Y 20·5 †m.wg. G
c 4
5·5 †m.wg. A d D P
d a
6 †m.wg.
c E F X
45
B b C X
g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri cwimxgv P = 4 + 5 + 55 + 6 = (5) A,B; A,D; D, C; C, B †hvM Kwi|
205| Gi mgvb cwimxgvwewkó EFGH GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ A¼b Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK|
Ki‡Z n‡e| M.
A¼b : G F
20.5 P D C
(1) EX †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ †_‡K EF = 4 = 4 Ask †K‡U wbB|
(2) E we›`y‡Z ET ⊥ EF A¼b Kwi Ges ET †_‡K EH = P4
Ask †K‡U wbB|
P
(3) F I H †K †K›`ª K‡i 4 e¨vmva© wb‡q FEH †Kv‡Yi
Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc A¼b Kwi| g‡b Kwi, Zviv A
B
E
ci¯úi G we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| g‡b Kwi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a| eM©‡ÿÎwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
(4) G, H I F, G †hvM Kwi| A¼b :
Zvn‡j, EFGH-B DwÏó eM©‡ÿÎ| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE n‡Z AB = a Ask †K‡U wbB|
œ 4  mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU KY© a I b Ges AšÍfy©³ †KvY x
cÖk- (2) AB evûi A I B we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g AG I BF j¤^ Uvwb|
(3) A I B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AG I BF n‡Z a Gi mgvb K‡i
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï mwPÎ weeiY `vI Ges b †K h_vµ‡g AD I BC Ask †K‡U †bB|
mgwØLwÊZ Ki| 2 (4) C I D †hvM Kwi|
L. mvgvšÍwiKwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
M. KY© a hw` †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ nq
Z‡e eM©‡ÿÎwU A¼b Ki| œ 5  `yBwU †iLvsk a I b Ges `yBwU †KvY x I y|
4 cÖk-
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. a = 6 †m.wg., b = 4 †m.wg. Ges x = 60 I y
= 90 n‡j, G‡ì wPÎ AuvK| 2
K. L. †Kv‡bv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU evû a I b Ges G‡ì
AšÍf©y³ x n‡j mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK| 4
M. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi `yBwU mgvšÍivj evû a I b
a
x
Ges a evû msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x I y n‡j
b b UªvwcwRqvgwU AuvK| 4
K.
KY© a I b Ges AšÍfy©³ †KvY x A¼b Kiv n‡jv Ges b †K
mgwØLwÊZ Kiv n‡jv|
L. 60 90
P
B cÖ`Ë kZ©vbymv‡i a, b, x Ges y AuvKv n‡jv|
L.
x O
A E
C
D
Q
†Ìqv Av‡Q, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© `yBwU a I b Ges KY©Ø‡qi
AšÍfy©³ GKwU †KvY x| mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b : we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU KY© a I b Ges
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a Gi mgvb AC †iLvsk †bB| G‡ì AšÍf©y³ x †Ìqv Av‡Q| mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
(2) AC Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi| O we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb A¼b :
AOP AuvwK| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a Gi mgvb AC †iLvsk wbB|
(3) OP Gi wecixZ iwk¥ OQ A¼b Kwi| AC Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi|
1 (2) O we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb AOP AuvwK| OP Gi wecixZ
(4) OP I OQ ivwkØq †_‡K 2 b Gi mgvb h_vµ‡g OB I iwk¥ OQ AuvwK|
OD †iLvsk †bB|
1
(3) OP I OQ iwk¥Øq †_‡K 2b Gi mgvb K‡i h_vµ‡g OB M. i¤^‡mi GKwU evû a Ges GKwU †KvY x n‡j
i¤^mwU AuvK| 4
I OD †iLvskØq wbB|
(4) A, B; A, D; C, B I C, D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK| K. me©wbgœ `yBwU DcvË _vK‡j i¤^m AuvKv m¤¢e| `yBwU DcvË
1 w`‡q i¤^m AuvKvi c×wZ `ywU|
cÖgvY : AOB I COD-G OA = OC = 2a,
1. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ I GKwU †KvY|
1
OB = OD = b
2 2. GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ I GKwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨|
Ges AšÍf©y³ AOB = AšÍf©y³ COD L. g‡b Kwi, GKwU i¤^‡mi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 35 †m.wg. I
 AOB  COD GKwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ b †Ìqv Av‡Q, i¤^mwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
 AB = CD 35 †m.wg.
Ges ABO = CDO; wKš‘ Giv GKvšÍi †KvY| a
 AB I CD mgvb I mgvšÍivj| b
45 †m.wg.
Z`ªƒc AD I BC mgvb I mgvšÍivj| A
 ABCD mvgvšÍwiK|
1 1
Avevi, Gi KY© AC=AO+OC= 2a + 2a=a
1 1
I KY© BD = BO + OD = 2b + 2b = b
B E
Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ AOB = x D
Zvn‡j ABCD-B wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwiK|
M.
90
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØq a

Ges b Ges a evû msjMœ †KvYØq x I y| UªvwcwRqvgwU
AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AP †_‡K AB = a wbB|
(2) AB †iLvs‡ki A I B we›`y‡Z x Ges y Gi mgvb
K‡i h_vµ‡g BAF I ABQ AuvwK|
(3) AB †iLvsk n‡Z AE = b †K‡U wbB| E we›`y‡Z ECAF
AuvwK| EC, BQ †K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
(4) AF n‡Z AD = EC †K‡U wbB| C, D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó UªvwcwRqvg|
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, AD = EC Ges ADEC
 AECD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
 CD = AE = b Ges CDAB, AB = a, BAD = x,
ABC = y
 ABCD-B wb‡Y©q UªvwcwRqvg|
œ 6
cÖk-
a b
35 †m.wg. 45 †m.wg. 45

K. me©wbgœ KqwU DcvË _vK‡j i¤^m AuvKv m¤¢e?
c×wZ¸‡jv †jL| 2
L. i¤^‡mi GKwU evû a Ges GKwU KY© b n‡j i¤^mwU AuvK| 4
A¼b : A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K b Gi mgvb BD KvwU| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE wbB|
(2) B we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD Gi (2) BE n‡Z a Gi mgvb K‡i BC Ask KvwU|
Dfq cv‡k¦© `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| (3) BC Gi B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb CBF AuvwK| BF
(3) Avevi, D we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD n‡Z a Gi mgvb K‡i BA KvwU hv BF †K A we›`y‡Z
Gi Dfq cv‡k AviI `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| GB PvcØq †Q` K‡i|
c~‡e©i Pvc Øq‡K A I C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| (4) A I C †K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q CBF
(4) A I B, B I C, C I D Ges D I A †hvM Kwi| Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcØq‡K ci¯úi
Zvn‡j ABCD-B DwÏó i¤^m| D we›`y‡Z †Q` Kwi|
M. g‡b Kwi, i¤^‡mi GKwU evû a = 35 †m. wg. I GKwU †KvY (5) A I D, C I D †hvM Kwi|
x = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q, i¤^mwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB ABCD-B DwÏó i¤^m|
a
35 †m.wg. 45 45

œ 7  `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 4 †m.wg., b = 6 †m.wg. Ges GKwU
cÖk- (4) C I A †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g a I b Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
†KvY x = 45 wb‡q ABC Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU
ci¯úi‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv †cwÝj, K¤úv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ AuvK| 2
(5) A, D Ges C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó
L. a I b †K mwbœwnZ evû Ges x †K G‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY a‡i
mvgvšÍwiK|
mvgvšÍwiK A¼b Ki| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4 cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, AB = CD = a = 4 †m.wg., BC = AD =
M. hw` a I b †Kv‡bv Avq‡Zi mwbœwnZ evû nq Z‡e H AvqZ b = 6 †m.wg. Ges ABC = x = 45 †m.wg.| AZGe
A¼b K‡i K‡Y©i mgvb evû wewkó eM© A¼b Ki| 4 ABCD-B DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK|
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M.
K. a
4 †m.wg.
b
6 †m.wg.
a 6 †m.wg. D
4 †m.wg. A
4 †m.wg.
b
x 45
4 †m.wg.
6 †m.wg.
†cwÝj K¤úv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ `yBwU evû a = 4 †m.wg., b = 6
B E
†m.wg. Ges GKwU †KvY x = 45 AuvwK| 6 †m.wg. C
L. Avq‡Zi mwbœwnZ evû a = 4 †m.wg. Ges b = 6 †m.wg. wb‡q
a ABCD AvqZ A¼b Kiv n‡jv| A, C †hvM Kwi| †¯‹‡ji
4 †m.wg.
b
mvnv‡h¨ †g‡c cvB, KY© AC = 72 †m.wg.| GLb, KY© AC =
6 †m.wg. x 45
F
72 †m.wg. evûwewkó PQRS eM© A¼b Kwi|
A b D 7.2 †m.wg.
P S
a
a
x
7.2 †m.wg.
B E
7.2 †m.wg.
b C
gwb Kwi, GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ evû a = 4 †m.wg., b
= 6 †m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY x = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q|
mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b : Q
7.2 †m.wg. R
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BC = b wbB|
(2) GLb B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb K‡i EBF AuvwK|
(3) BF †_‡K a Gi mgvb BA KvwU|

œ 8  †Kv‡bv GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv P = 10 †m.wg.
cÖk- M. cÖ`Ë PZzf©y‡Ri cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU mgevû
K. P †K mgvb wZbwU fv‡M fvM Ki| 2 wÎfzR A¼b Ki| 4
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4 DËi : K. AB = 64 †m.wg.; L. Abykxjbx 72 Gi 8 bs †`L; M.
M. D³ cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU i¤^m AuvK hvi Abykxjbx 71 Gi 6 bs †`L|
GKwU †KvY 45| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
œ 12  GKwU PZzf©y‡Ri wZbwU evû 3 †m.wg., 35 †m.wg. I 4
cÖk-
DËi : K. Abykxjbx 71 Gi 6bs †`L; L. Abykxjbx 71 Gi 6bs
†`L; M. i¤^‡mi cwimxgv P = 10 †m.wg.| †m.wg. Ges `yBwU †KvY 75 I 30|
K. mvgvšÍwiK Kv‡K e‡j? 2
œ 9  wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x I y Ges cwimxgv P| L. Z_¨vbyhvqx ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR A¼b Ki|
cÖk- 4
K. x †Kv‡Yi m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi mgwØLwÊZKiY c×wZ †jL| 2  
M. 75 I 30 †KvYØq f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY a‡i 6 †m.wg. f‚wgwewkó
L. P Gi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó mgevû wÎfzR A¼b Ki| 4
GKwU wÎfzR A¼b Ki| 4
M. L-†Z cÖvß wÎfz‡Ri AšÍe„©Ë A¼b Ki| 4
œ 13  †Kv‡bv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU KY© a I b Ges GKwU evû
cÖk-
œ 10  ABC Gi B = 60 Ges C = 45 Ges cwimxgv 8 †m.wg.
cÖk-
c|
K. B I C A¼b K‡i mgwØLwÊZ Ki| 2
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï mwPÎ weeiY `vI Ges a KY©‡K mgwØLwÊZ Ki| 2
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
M. GB wÎfz‡Ri mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU mgevû wÎfzR L. mvgvšÍwiKwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
A¼b Ki| 4 M. D³ KY© Øq hw` GKwU i¤^‡mi KY© nq Z‡e i¤^mwU A¼b
Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
DËi : K. Abykxjbx 71 G 2 Gi O bs †`L; L. Abykxjbx 71 G
2 Gi O bs †`L; M. Abykxjbx 71 G 6 bs †`L| DËi : L. Abykxjbx-72 Gi 6 (N) bs mgvavb Abyiƒc|
œ 11  ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU K‡Y©i †Q` we›`y Øviv KY© `yBwUi

cÖk- œ 14  GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv †Ìqv Av‡Q|
cÖk-
LwÊZ Ask Ges Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ GKwU †KvY h_vµ‡g OA = 4 K. eM©‡ÿÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
†m.wg., OB = 5 †m.wg., OC = 35 †m.wg., OD = 45 †m.wg. L. A¼‡bi eY©bv Ges h_v_©Zv cÖgvY Ki| 4
Ges AOB = 90| M. eM©‡ÿÎwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 GKK n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj Ges
K. AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 K‡Y©i Dci Aw¼Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
L. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx ABCD PZzf©yRwU A¼b Ki| (A¼‡bi DËi : K. Abykxjbx-72 Gi 12 bs †`L; L. Abykxjbx 72 Gi
weeiYmn) 4 12 bs †`L; M. 16 eM© GKK; 32 eM© GKK|

œ 15  kvwdb I Rvwnb KvwV w`‡q wÎfzR I PZzfz©R evbv‡bvi K
cÖk-
†Póv KiwQj| Zv‡ì Av‡Q 5 †m.wg. I 8 †m.wg. gv‡ci `ywU KvwV
Ges 45 gv‡ci GKwU cøvw÷‡Ki †KvY Av‡Q| 5 †m.wg.
a
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 8 †m.wg. 45
b x
L. †QvU KvwV‡K f‚wg, eo KvwV‡K Aci evûØ‡qi
L
mgwó Ges cÖ`Ë †KvY †QvU KvwV msjMœ a‡i GKwU
wÎfzR AuvK| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
M. KvwV `ywU‡K †Kv‡Yi mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY© Ges cÖ`Ë
†KvYwU‡K Zv‡ì AšÍfz©³ †KvY a‡i mvgvšÍwiKwU
A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
F
M. GKwU eM© A¼b Ki hvi evûi ˆ`N©¨ PS Gi wØ¸‡Yi
D
mgvb| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
A N
M K.
P
B E
C
g‡bKwi, wÎfzRwUi f‚wg a, f‚wg
msjMœ †KvY x = 45 Ges
Aci `yB evûi mgwó b †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| 3 †m.wg.
A¼b : Q R
1. †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi mgvb K‡i BC S
†iLvsk †K‡U wbB| †Ìqv Av‡Q, PQR–G PS GKwU ga¨gv|
2. BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb CBF AuvwK| awi, PQ I PR Gi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g M I N. R, M I Q, N
3. BF iwk¥ †_‡K b Gi mgvb BD Ask KvwU| †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, RM I QN–B wÎfzRwUi Aci `ywU ga¨gv|
4. C, D †hvM Kwi| L.
5. CD Gi j¤^ wØLÊK MN AuvwK| P
6. MN iwk¥ BD iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
7. AC †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
M
M
Q R
S
A
L
E
B O D †Ìqv Av‡Q, PQR–G PS GKwU ga¨gv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQ + PR  2PS.
A¼b : PS †K L ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb, SL = PS
C nq| R, L †hvM Kwi|
N cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
g‡bKwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU KY© a I b Ges Zv‡ì AšÍfz©³ (1) PQS Ges PSL–G
†KvY x = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| QS = SR [ S, QR–Gi ga¨we›`y]
A¼b :
PS = SL [A¼b Abymv‡i]
1. †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BD Ask
†K‡U wbB| Ges AšÍf©y³ PSQ= AšÍf©y³ RSL[ wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j]
2. BD Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi|  PQS  RSL [ `yBwU evû Ges Zv‡ì
3. O we›`y‡Z BOM = x AuvwK| myZivs PQ = RL .............. (i) AšÍf©wy ³ †KvY mgvb]
4. OM †K wecixZ w`‡K ON eivei ewa©Z Kwi| (2) Avevi, PRL–G
1 1 PR + RL  PL [ wÎfz‡Ri `yB evûi mgwó
5. OM I ON †_‡K OA = 2 b Ges OC = 2 b †K‡U wbB|
6. A, B; B, C; C, D Ges A, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j Z…Zxq evû A‡cÿv e„nËi]
ABCDB DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK| ev, PR + PQ  SL [(i) bs n‡Z]
œ 16 
cÖk- ev, PR + PQ  PS + SL
P ev, PR + PQ  PS + PS [A¼b Abymv‡i]
 PQ + PR  2PS (cÖgvwYZ)
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, PS–Gi ˆ`N©¨ = 3 †m.wg.
3 †m.wg.  PS–Gi wØ¸Y = (2  3) †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg.
Q
S
R myZivs 6 †m.wg. evûwewkó GKwU eM© A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e|
PQR–G PS GKwU ga¨gv|
K. wÎfzRwUi Aci `yBwU ga¨gv A¼b K‡i wPwýZ
Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ + PR  2PS. 4
F g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri AwZfy‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ a = 5
6 †m.wg. A D †m.wg. Ges Aci `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ b = 4 †m.wg. Ges c = 3
g
†m.wg.| wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BD n‡Z BC = b = 4 †m.wg. †K‡U †bB|
B 6 †m.wg. C E (2) BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z BE j¤^ A¼b Kwi Ges
g‡b Kwi, a = 6 †m.wg.| a Gi mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡q GKwU BA = c = 3 †m.wg. †K‡U wbB|
eM©‰ÿ‡Î A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| (3) A I C †hvM Kwi|
A¼‡bi weeiY : Zvn‡j, ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR|
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE n‡Z a = 6 †m.wg. Gi mgvb K‡i BC M. ÔLÕ G Aw¼Z ABC Gi cwimxgv|
Ask †K‡U wbB| = AB + BC + CA
=c+b+a
(2) BC–Gi B we›`y‡Z BF j¤^ A¼b Kwi|
= (3 + 4 + 5) †m.wg.
(3) B †K †K›`ª K‡i BC Gi mgvb K‡i BF n‡Z BA Ask
=12 †m.wg.
†K‡U wbB| GLb Ggb GKwU eM© AuvK‡Z n‡e hvi cwimxgv ABC-Gi
(4) A I C †K †K›`ª K‡i BC Gi mgvb ˆ`N©¨ wb‡q ABC cwimxgvi mgvb|
Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `ywU e„ËPvc AuvwK|  e‡M©i cwimxgv = 12 †m.wg.
(5) e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| 12
 e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ d = 4 †m.wg.
(6) A, B I C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABCD–B DwÏó eM©|
 d = 3 †m.wg.
œ 17  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri AwZfyR 5 †m.wg I GK evûi
cÖk-
F
ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg.| A D
K. wÎfyRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. wÎfyRwU A¼b Ki Ges A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 d
M. GKwU eM© A¼b Ki hvi cwimxgv D³ wÎfy‡Ri
cwimxgvi mgvb| 4 B d C
 17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  g‡b Kwi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ d = 3 †m.wg. †Ìqv
K. g‡b Kwi, Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg.| Av‡Q| eM©‡ÿÎwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
myZivs, mg‡KvYx wÎfyRwU‡Z wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ n‡Z cvB, A¼b :
52 = 32 + x2 (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE n‡Z BC = d = 3 †m.wg. †K‡U †bB|
ev, x2 = 52 − 32 (2) BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z BF j¤^ A¼b Kwi Ges BF
ev, x2= 25 − 9 n‡Z BA = d = 3 †m.wg. †K‡U wbB|
ev, x2 = 16 (3) A I C we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i d = 3 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wb‡q
ev, x = 16 ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcØq D
x = 4 we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.| (4) A, D I C, D †hvM Kwi|
L. Zvn‡j, ABCD-B DwÏó eM©‡ÿÎ|
a
5 †m.wg.
b œ 18  GKwU †iLvsk p = 9 †m.wg.|
cÖk-
7 †m.wg.
c 3 †m.wg. K. †iLvskwU‡K mgvb wZb As‡k wef³ Ki| 2
E L. Ggb GKwU mgevû wÎfzR AuvK hvi cwimxgv p Gi
A
mgvb| 4
c a M. Ggb GKwU eM© AuvK hvi cwimxgv p Gi mgvb| 4
B D
b C
K.
ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR|
M.
M
1
A 4 p D
p 9 †m.wg.
1 1 1 1
4 p 4 p 4 p 4 p 1 1
p 4 p
4 x
p †K mgvb wZb As‡k fvM Kiv n‡jv| E
B 1 C
L. 4 p
A g‡b Kwi, GKwU e‡M©i cwimxgv p = 9 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q|
eM©wU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
1
P 1 A¼b :
3 3 P
(1) p †K mgvb Pvi As‡k wef³ Kwi|
B
1
D (2) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE n‡Z 14 p Gi mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB|
P C
3 BC Gi B we›`y‡Z BM ⊥ BC AuvwK|
GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv p †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU 1
AuvK‡Z n‡e| (3) BM n‡Z BA = 4 p Ask †K‡U wbB| A I C we›`y‡K
A¼b : 1
†K›`ª K‡i 4 p Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q ABC Gi Af¨šÍ‡i
1
(1) BD †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ n‡Z BC = 3 P Ask †K‡U wbB| `ywU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Giv ci¯úi‡K D we›`y‡K †Q` K‡i|
1 (4) A, D Ges C, D †hvM Kwi|
(2) B I C we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i 3 p Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
Zvn‡j, ABCD eM©B wb‡Y©q eM©|
BC Gi GKB cv‡k `ywU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Giv ci¯úi‡K A cÖgvY :
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ABCD PZzf©y‡R AB = BC = CD = AD Ges ABC =
(3) A, B Ges A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B wb‡Y©q GK mg‡KvY|
wÎfzR|  ABCD GKwU eM©|
cÖgvY : ABC-G AB = BC = AC [A¼bvbymv‡i] Avevi, Gi cwimxgv = AB + BC + CD + AD = p = 9 †m.wg.
Avevi, AB + BC + AC = p = 9 †m.wg.  ABCD-B wb‡Y©q eM©|
Aóg Aa¨vq
e„Ë leonhard Euler
MwYZwe` I `vk©wbK wjIbnvW© Aqjvi (1707-1783)
cÖ_g e„Ë m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b Ges e„Ë m¤úwK©Z GKwU eB
Circle wj‡Lb| D³ eB‡q wZwb e„‡Ëi MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁv I
e„ËvKvi †ÿ ‡Îi †ÿ Îdj wbY©‡qi c×wZ eY©bv K‡ib|
A b yk xj b x 8 .1
 e„Ë :
e„Ë GKwU mgZjxq R¨vwgwZK wPÎ hvi we›`y¸‡jv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K mg`~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| wbw`©ó
we›`ywU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª| wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K mg`~iZ¡ eRvq †i‡L †Kv‡bv we›`y †h Ave× c_ wPwÎZ K‡i ZvB
e„Ë| †K›`ª n‡Z e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K e¨vmva© e‡j| hvi †K›`ª O I e¨vmva© r| wP‡Î O e„‡Ëi
†K›`ª, A, B I C e„Ë¯’ we›`y| OA, OB I OC Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU e„ËwUi e¨vmva©|
 e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍi I ewnf©vM :
hw` †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges e¨vmva© r nq Z‡e O †_‡K mgZ‡ji †h mKj we›`yi `~iZ¡ r †_‡K Kg
Zv‡ì †mU‡K e„ËwUi Af¨šÍi Ges O †_‡K mgZ‡ji †h mKj we›`yi `~iZ¡ r †_‡K †ewk Zv‡ì †mU‡K
e„ËwUi ewnf©vM ejv nq| e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍi¯’ `yBwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡iB
_v‡K|
 e„‡Ëi R¨v I e¨vm :
e„‡Ëi `yBwU wfbœ we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk e„ËwUi GKwU R¨v| e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv R¨v hw` †K›`ª w`‡q hvq
Z‡e R¨vwU‡K e„‡Ëi e¨vm ejv nq| wP‡Î, AB I AC e„ËwUi `yBwU R¨v Ges e„ËwUi †K›`ª O| G‡ì
g‡a¨ AC R¨vwU e¨vm; KviY R¨vwU e„ËwUi †K›`ªMvgx| cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡mi ˆ`N©¨ 2r, †hLv‡b r e„ËwUi
e¨vmva©|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v ci¯úi‡K avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y e„ËwUi †K›`ª n‡e| (1) O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y E [Rvbv Av‡Q †h, e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ
R¨v ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y e„ËwUi †K›`ª n‡e| †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y Ges
A C †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v
Gi Ici j¤^]
 OE ⊥ AB A_©vr OEA = GK mg‡KvY
E O
(2) Avevi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges CD R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y E
 OE ⊥ CD A_©vr OEC = GK mg‡KvY
D B (3) †h‡nZz AB Ges CD `yBwU ci¯úi‡”Q`x mij‡iLv|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ACBD e„‡Ëi AB I CD `yBwU R¨v  OEA Ges OEC DfqB GK mg‡KvY n‡Z cv‡i bv|
ci¯úi‡K E we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ K‡i‡Q| (4) myZivs E e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv we›`y e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, E-B e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|  E we›`ywU ACBD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª| [cÖgvwYZ]
A¼b : e„ËwUi †K›`ª E bv a‡i O awi Ges O, E †hvM Kwi| cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK
cÖgvY : mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges R¨vØ‡qi Ici j¤^|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, `yBwU mgvšÍivj cÖkœ \ 4 \ wP‡Î O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges R¨v AB = R¨v AC| cÖgvY Ki
R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges R¨vØ‡qi Ici j¤^| †h, BAO = CAO.
A
A E B
O
D F C O
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB Gi ga¨we›`y E B C
Ges CD Gi ga¨we›`y F Ges ABCD| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EF mgvavb :

A
†K›`ªMvgx Ges AB I CD Gi Ici j¤^|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) F, CD Gi ga¨we›`y Ges OF †K›`ª I R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`yi O
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk|
B C
 OF, CD Gi Ici j¤^| [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I R¨v‡qi
ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges R¨v AB = R¨v AC|
AO †K›`ªMvgx e¨vmva©|
R¨v‡qi Ici j¤^]
Ges OFC = GK mg‡KvY| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BAO = CAO
(2) Avevi, E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y nIqvq OE, AB Gi Ici j¤^ A¼b : O, B Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
Ges AEO = GK mg‡KvY| [GKB Kvi‡Y] cÖgvY :
 AEO = OFC [GKvšÍi †KvY] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(3) AB  CD nIqvq EF †Q`K| (1) AOB I AOC Gi g‡a¨
A_©vr E, O, F GKB mij‡iLv| AB = AC [†Ìqv Av‡Q]
AZGe, EF †K›`ªMvgx Ges EF⊥CD Ges FE⊥AB [cÖgvwYZ] BO = CO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨v `yBwU A we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ges AO evû mvaviY| [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨]
mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = AC  wÎfzRØq me©mg|
mgvavb : AZGe, BAO = CAO| [cÖgvwYZ]
A
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q
M N hvq| †`LvI †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
B O
C
kxl©we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q hvq| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri
ga¨we›`y|
A
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB I AC R¨v
`yBwU OA e¨vmv‡a©i mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i A_©vr BAO =
CAO| O
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB = AC
A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges AC Gi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK|
cÖgvY : B C
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OM,AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, OM, AB †K mgwØLwÊZ we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx ABC Gi B = GK
K‡i| mg‡KvY Ges AC AwZfyR|
1 A, B, C kxl©we›`y w`‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvKv n‡jv| g‡b Kwi, e„ËwUi
A_©vr, AM = 2 AB †K›`ª O| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, †K›`ª O AwZfyR AC Gi ga¨we›`y|
1
(2) Avevi, ON, AC Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, AN = 2 AC cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(3) GLb, AOM I AON Gi g‡a¨ (1) ABC-Gi
AMO = ANO [mg‡KvY e‡j] ABC = GK mg‡KvY [Kíbv]
MAO = NAO [Kíbv]
 ABC, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY|
Ges AO mvaviY evû|
[ Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY]
 wÎfzR `ywU me©mg|
(2) A, B, C we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi e¨vm AC|
AZGe, AM = AN myZivs e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, e¨vm AC Gi Dci Aew¯’Z|
1 1
A_©vr 2 AB = 2 AC  OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j]
 AB = AC [cÖgvwYZ]  e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, AwZfyR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
cÖkœ \ 6 \ `yBwU mg‡Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi GKwUi AB R¨v Aci e„Ë‡K C I DN =
1
CD [GKB]
D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AC = BD 2
mgvavb : †h‡nZz, AB = CD
E  AM = DN  (ii)
F
(4) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
PM + AM = PN + DN
O ev, AP = PD
(5) Avevi, AB = CD
A P D B ev, AB – AP = CD – PD
C
ev, PB = PC
AZGe, AP = PD Ges PB = PC [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABE I CDF e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ª O| ABE cÖkœ \ 8 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë|
e„‡Ëi R¨v AB, CDF e„Ë‡K C I D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AC = BD| Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë|
A¼b : O n‡Z AB ev CD Gi Ici OP j¤^ AuvwK| A
cÖgvY : F
M
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OP, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq OP, CD-†K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| B O N
D
A_©vr CP = PD [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi
Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ H R¨v‡K P
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] C
E
(2) Avevi, OP, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, OP, AB-†K we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCEDF e„‡Ë O †K›`ª| AB, CD Ges
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
EF wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb mgvb R¨v| M, N Ges P mgvb R¨vÕ¸‡jvi
A_©vr, AP = BP [GKB]
GLb, AP = AC + CP ga¨we›`y|
Ges BP = PD + BD cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, M, N Ges P mge„Ë|
myZivs AC + CP = PD + BD [ AP = BP]
A¼b : O I M, O I N Ges O I P †hvM Kwi|
 AC = BD [cÖgvwYZ] [ CP = PD] cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖkœ \ 7 \ e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j †`LvI †h, (1) †h‡nZz M, AB Gi ga¨we›`y
Zv‡ì GKwUi AskØq AciwUi AskØ‡qi mgvb| Ges OM †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j,  OM, AB Gi Dci j¤^| [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, Zv‡ì GKwUi AskØq AciwUi AskØ‡qi mgvb| R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK
A D †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Ici j¤^]
(2) OP, CD Gi Ici j¤^| [GKB KviY]
O
(3) ON, EF Gi Dci j¤^| [GKB KviY]
M N
(4) OM = OP = ON [e„‡Ëi mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z
P mg`~ieZ©x]
C B myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OM A_ev ON A_ev OP Gi mgvb
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ACBD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB I CD `ywU e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j M, N I P we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| AZGe, M, N I P mge„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AP = PD Ges PB = PC cÖkœ \ 9 \ †`LvI †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K Zvi wecixZ w`‡K
A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges CD Gi Ici ON j¤^ `yBwU mgvb R¨v A¼b Ki‡j Zviv mgvšÍivj nq|
AuvwK| O, P †hvM Kwi| mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K
cÖgvY : Zvi wecixZ w`‡K `yBwU mgvb R¨v A¼b Ki‡j Zviv mgvšÍivj nq|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv M
A B
(1) MOP I NOP mg‡KvYx wÎfzR `yBwUi g‡a¨
OM = ON [mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x] O
Ges OP mvaviY AwZfzR|
 wÎfzR `yBwU me©mg| D C
N
 PM = PN  (i)
(2) GLb, OM, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AC e¨vm|
1
AM = AB
2
[e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z †Kv‡bv AB I CD `yBwU mgvb mgvb R¨v AC e¨v‡mi wecixZ w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
R¨v‡qi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB  CD
H R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges CD Gi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK|
(3) ON, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  wÎfzRØq me©mg|
(1) OM, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,  AM = CN
1 1 1
AM = AB
2
[†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv (4) A_©vr 2 AB = 2 CD
R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ AZGe, AB = CD [†`Lv‡bv
n‡jv]
R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] cÖkœ \ 11 \ †`LvI †h, e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v Gi g‡a¨ e„nËi R¨v-wU
[GKB] ¶z`ªZi R¨v A‡c¶v †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
1
(2) ON, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, CN = 2 CD
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v-Gi
(3) †h‡nZz, AB = CD g‡a¨ e„nËi R¨vwU ¶z`ªZi R¨v A‡c¶v †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
 AM = CN A C
(4) AOM I CON
Gi g‡a¨ AM = CN
E O F
AO = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j]
Ges OM=ON [mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x e‡j]
B D
 wÎfzRØq me©mg| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABDC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª| AB I CD
 A = C `yBwU R¨v-Gi g‡a¨ AB  CD| OE Ges OF †K›`ª O †_‡K
wKšÍz †KvY `yBwU AC †iLvi wecixZ cv‡k Aew¯’Z|
h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi Ici j¤^| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, OE  OF
myZivs †KvY `yBwU GKvšÍi nIqvq AB  CD [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv] A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
cÖkœ \ 10 \ †`LvI †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K Zvi wecixZ w`‡K cÖgvY :
`yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v AuvK‡j Zviv mgvb nq| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K (1) OE, AB Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,
Zvi wecixZ w`‡K `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v AuvK‡j Zviv mgvb nq| 1
AE = AB [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
2
A M R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
B
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
O
(2) Ges OF, CD Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,
1
D
N
C CF =
2
CD [GKB]
(3) AOE mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R AO AwZfzR
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AC e¨vm|
 OA2 = OE2 + AE2 (i)
AC e¨v‡mi wecixZ cv‡k ABCD `yBwU R¨v| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨]
AB = CD (4) Avevi, COF mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R CO AwZfzR
A¼b : O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OM Ges CD Gi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK|
 OC2 = OF2 + CF2 (ii)
cÖgvY : (5) AO Ges OC GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© nIqvq, OA = OC [GKB]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
myZivs, OE + AE = OF + CF
2 2 2 2 (iii)
(1) OM, AB R¨v Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq, 1 1
1 (6) wKšÍz AB  CD nIqvq, 2 AB  2 CD
AM =
2
AB [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
ev, AE  CF
R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
 AE2  CF2
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
mgxKiY (iii) bs †_‡K †`Lv hvq,
(2) ON, CD R¨v Gi Ici j¤^ nIqvq,
AE2 hw` CF2 †_‡K e„nËi nq Z‡e OE2, OF2 †_‡K ¶z`ªZi
1
CN =
2
CD [ GKB ] n‡e|
(3) AOM I CON Gi g‡a¨ myZivs OE2  OF2
AMO = CNO [mg‡KvY e‡j]  OE  OF [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
MAO = NCO [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
Ges AO = CO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j]

1.
O
10 6
A B
D
wP‡Î AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 8 L 12  16 N 20 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
2. O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë OC = 3cm, AB = 8cm Ges OC ⊥ wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
AB, OB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? A C
E F
O O
3cm
B D
A
C
B O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges OE = OF = 4 cm
wP‡Î AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? 5. OA Gi gvb KZ?
K 4 cm  5 cm M 6 cm N 7 cm
K 4  5 M 6 N 8
3. e„‡Ëi− 6. wP‡Î−
i. CD = 6 cm ii. OAB = OCD
i. e¨vmB e„nËg R¨v iii. AOE  COF
ii. mKj mgvb R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x mKj R¨v ci¯úi mgvb
iii. K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii C
4. 1cm
A B
O
7. ACB Gi gvb KZ?

A B
D K 45 L 60  90 N 120
wP‡Î AB = 10 †m.wg. Ges OA = 7 †m.wg. n‡j− 8. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.?
i. AD = 5 †m.wg. ii. OD = 4 †m.wg. K 5 L 3  5 N 3
iii.  †ÿÎ AOB = 10 6 eM© †m.wg.

M OF − OE>0  OE = OF
81 : e„Ë 14. 5 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ë, †K›`ª †_‡K Aci GKwU we›`yi
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi `~iZ¡ 3 †m.wg. n‡j Aci we›`ywU e„‡Ëi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? (ga¨g)
K evB‡i  †fZ‡i M Dc‡i N †K‡›`ª
9. Pwe›`yi mÂvic_ me©`vB GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x e¨vL¨v : †K›`ª †_‡K †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡ e¨vmva© †_‡K †QvU n‡j we›`ywU
n‡j, P we›`yi mÂvic‡_i R¨vwgwZK wPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i|
 e„Ë L wÎfyR M iwk¥ N PZzf©yR 15. e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i I evB‡i Aew¯’Z `yBwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
10. O we›`y †_‡K r `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z A, B, C,  we›`ymg~n GKwU e„Ë‡K KqwU we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡e? (mnR)
e„Ë MVb K‡i| e„ËwUi †K›`ª †KvbwU? (mnR) K4 L3 M2 1
Kr LA MB O 16. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y D n‡j,
11. †K›`ª n‡Z e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K e¨vm  e¨vmva© M R¨v N cwiwa  OD ⊥ AB L OD  AB M OD = AB N OD = AD
e¨vL¨v :
12. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë A, B I C e„Ë¯’ we›`y| myZivs OA, OB
I OC †K e„ËwUi Kx ejv n‡e? (mnR)
O
O
C A D B
†h‡nZz, e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi
A B ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Ici j¤^|  OD ⊥ AB
K e¨vm  e¨vmva© M Pvc N R¨v 17. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OD, AB R¨v‡qi Ici j¤^| AD = 2
13. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O †_‡K OE I OF `~ieZ©x AB I CD R¨vØq †m.wg. n‡j AB = KZ? (ga¨g)
mgvb n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K OE > CD L OF > OE
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x mKj R¨v ci¯úi mgvb|
O
28. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z `yBwU R¨v AB I AC
Gi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 5 †m.wg. I 12 †m.wg., e„ËwUi e¨vmva© KZ
†m.wg.? (ga¨g)
A D B  65 L 75 M 85 N 95
K2 †m.wg. L 3 †m.wg.  4 †m.wg. N 5 †m.wg. 29. P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë PM ⊥ XY| PM = 4 †m.wg. Ges e„ËwUi
18. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë O we›`y OD ⊥ AB n‡j, wb‡Pi e¨vmva© 5 †m.wg. n‡j R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
†KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K OD = AB L OD = AD M OD = BD  AD = BD P
19. 35 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ
†m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K 175 L 53 7 N0 X M Y
e¨vL¨v : †K›`ªMvgx R¨v e„‡Ëi e¨vm|  e¨vm = 2r = 2  35 = 7 †m.wg.| K3 6 M9 N 10
20. wb‡Pi †KvbwU e„Ë‡K GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : PY2 = PM2 + MY2 ev, MY = 3 †m.wg.;
K e¨vm  e¨vmva© M R¨v N †K›`ª  XY = 2MY = 2  3 = 6 †m.wg.|
21. 30. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OM ⊥ AB| OM = 6 †m.wg. Ges
AB = 16 †m.wg. n‡j OB = KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
O
O
A D B
A M B
wP‡Î, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AD = BD = 8 †m.wg. Ges OD =
6 †m.wg. n‡j OA = KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)  10 L 12 M 16 N 32
1 2
K 13 L 12 M 11  10
e¨vL¨v : OA = AD2 + OD2 = 82 + 62 = 100 = 10
e¨vL¨v : OB2 = OM2 + BM2 = (6)2 + 2  16 ( )
 OB = 100 = 10 †m.wg.|
22. e„‡Ëi `yBwU wfbœ we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K e¨vm L e¨vmva©  R¨v N Pvc enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
23. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I AC R¨v| G‡ì g‡a¨ †KvbwU e¨vm? (mnR)
C
B i. e„Ë GKwU mgZjxq R¨vwgwZK wPÎ

ii. e„Ë¯’ mKj we›`yB e„ËwUi e¨vmva©
O
iii. †K›`ª n‡Z e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K e¨vmva© e‡j
A
K AB L OA M OC  AC
24. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OD ⊥ AB n‡j, Ges OD = 5 †m.wg. 32. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍi¯’−
i. `yBwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡iB _v‡K
Ges AB = 24 †m.wg. n‡j, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ? (KwVb)
ii. GKwU we›`y I ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
e„ËwU‡K GKwU I †Kej GKwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i
O
iii. mKj we›`y H e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡iB _v‡K
A D B K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 10 †m.wg. L 29 †m.wg. 33. e„‡Ëi−

M 14 †m.wg.  13 †m.wg. i. mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x
AB 24 ii. †K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi Ici Aw¼Z
e¨vL¨v : OD = 5, AD = 2 = 2 = 12 j¤^ H R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, OA = AD2 + OD2 = (12)2 + 52 = 169 = 13 iii. †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi `yB‡qi AwaK †Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i bv
25. GKwU e„‡Ëi R¨v H e„‡Ëi †K›`ª w`‡q †M‡j Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K ¯úk©K  e¨vm M cwiwa N e¨vmva© K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
26. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v 10 †m.wg., H e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ †m.wg.? (mnR) 34. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë−
K2 5 M 10 N 20 R L
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v n‡jv e„‡Ëi e¨vm| e¨v‡mi A‡a©K n‡jv e¨vmva©|
27. AB I CD R¨v-Øq †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x n‡j P  Q
O
†KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K AB = CD
1
L 2AB = CD
i. †K›`ªMvgx R¨v PQ ii. P, Q I R mge„Ë we›`y
2 iii. L we›`y e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z
M AB  CD  AB = CD
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 38. e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ 20 †m.wg. n‡j−
35. r †m.wg. e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi− i. †K›`ª n‡Z GKwU we›`yi `~iZ¡ 12 †m.wg. n‡j we›`ywU
i. e„nËg Pvc 2r e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i Aew¯’Z
ii. e„nËg R¨v 2r ii. Gi e¨vm 20 †m.wg.
iii. cwiwa 2r iii. †K›`ª n‡Z Aci we›`yi `~iZ¡ 40 †m.wg. n‡j we›`ywU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) cwiwa‡Z Aew¯’Z
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
36.  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : †K›`ªMvgx R¨v e„‡Ëi e¨vm| A_©vr e¨vm = 20 †m.wg.| myZivs
B o
 C
e¨vmva© 10 †m.wg.|
A
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë− M
A D
i. OA = OC
ii. AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm O
iii. BC †K e„‡Ëi R¨v ejv hvq
C N B
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë AB Ges CD `yBwU e¨vm|
MN ⊥ AD, AD = 8 †m.wg. Ges ON = 3 †m.wg.|
37. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OR ⊥ PQ n‡j−
39. AM = KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
o 4 L5 M6 N8

40. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
P R Q 5 L6 M7 N8
i. OR = PR ii. PR = QR 41. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
iii. ORP = ORQ K 754  7854 M 8344 N 8548

42. K e¨vm L R¨v  e¨vmva© N e„ËPvc
47. †h †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv GKwU e„‡Ëi KqwU we›`y‡K †Q` Ki‡Z
O cv‡i?
 `yBwU L wZbwU M PviwU N cuvPwU
48. †K›`ª I e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk‡K Kx e‡j?
A B
D K R¨v  e¨vmva© M e¨vm N cwiwa
wP‡Î AB = 6 †m.wg. Ges OA = 5 †m.wg. n‡j, OD = KZ? 49. e„‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡mi ga¨we›`y‡K Kx e‡j?
K 3 †m.wg. L 35 †m.wg.  4 †m.wg. N 1 †m.wg. K j¤^we›`y L mgwe›`y M mvaviY we›`y  †K›`ª
43. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 10 cm n‡j, e¨vmva© wb‡Pi 50. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm wfbœ GKwU R¨v I ODA =
†KvbwU? 90 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 5 cm L 10 cm M 20 cm N 25 cm
1
44. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y D n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU K OA = OD L OD = AB  AD = BD N OA = OB
2
mwVK? 51.
K OD = AB L OD = AD  OD ⊥ AB N OD  AB
A C
45.
B
E O F
O
B D
A
C
ABCD e„‡Ëi AB = CD, OE I OF h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi
Dc‡ii wP‡Î A = 60, OBC = 12 B Ges OCB = 12C `~iZ¡| OE = 3 †m.wg., AE = 4 †m.wg. n‡j, OC = ?
n‡j, BOC = KZ? K 6 †m.wg.  5 †m.wg. M 25 †m.wg. N 9 †m.wg.
K 90  120 M 110 N 150 52. e„‡Ëi Ici e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x KqwU
46. †K›`ª n‡Z e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`yi `~iZ¡‡K Kx e‡j? we›`y Av‡Q?
K 1wU  2wU M 3wU N 4wU  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
53. O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v| O †_‡K AB Ges
CD Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ OE = 3 cm Ges OF = 2 cm|
O
65. e„ËwUi e¨vm = 10 cm n‡j AB = ?
K 3 cm L 4 cm  8 cm N 10 cm
K 2 cm  CF  3 cm L 3 cm  CF  4 cm
B C
 4 cm  CF  5 cm N 5 cm  CF  10 cm
wP‡Î ABC mgevû wÎfzR n‡j BOC Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 67 I 68 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 30 L 60 M 90  120 `yBwU mg‡Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, e„nËi e„‡Ëi AB R¨v ¶z`ªZi
54. e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ Ki‡j †Q`we›`yi e„ËwU‡K C I D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| OE ⊥ AB| AB = 8 †m.wg.,
Ae¯’vb e„‡Ëi− CD = 6 cm Ges e„nËi e„‡Ëi e¨vm 10 cm|
K Ic‡i L evB‡i M cwiwa  †K‡›`ª
67. OE = ?
 3 cm L 4 cm M 5 cm N 10 cm
55. GKwU e„‡Ëi PviwU R¨v‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3 †m.wg., 4 68. ¶z`ªZi e„ËwUi e¨vmva© KZ?
†m.wg., 5 †m.wg. I 6 †m.wg.| †K‡›`ªi wbKUZg R¨v K 2 3 cm  3 2 cm M 3 3 cm N 18 cm
†KvbwU?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 69 I 70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K cÖ_gwU L wØZxqwU M Z…ZxqwU  PZz_w© U O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 4 †m.wg.|
56. 69. O †_‡K A we›`yi `~iZ¡ KZ †m.wg.?
C K2 4 M8 N 16
70. O †_‡K D we›`yi `~iZ¡ 6 †m.wg.| D we›`y e„‡Ëi †Kv_vq
 Aew¯’Z?
K Af¨šÍ‡i  evB‡i M cwiwa‡Z N †K‡›`ª
A B
 wb‡Pi wPÎwUi Av‡jv‡K 71 I 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
O
Dc‡ii wP‡Î ABC Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? A C
K mij‡KvY  mij‡Kv‡Yi A‡a©K

E F
M cÖe„× †KvY N Pvi mg‡KvY O
57. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y I †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk B D

R¨v‡qi mv‡_ Drcbœ †KvY n‡e−
ABC e„‡Ë, AB = CD, OE Ges OF h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi
K 0 L 30  90 N 100
58. cÖ‡Z¨K e„‡Ëi ˆ`N©¨ e¨v‡mi KZ ¸Y? `~iZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i|

71. OEA Gi gvb KZ?
K  M 2 N 3 K 60  90 M 45 N 30
2
59. 05 GKK e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ 72. OE = 3 cm Ges AE = 4 cm n‡j OC Gi gvb KZ?
K 25 cm  5 cm M 9 cm N 7 cm
GKK?  wb‡Pi wPÎwUi Av‡jv‡K 73 I 74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 L2 M 34 N4
60. AB I CD †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `ywU mgvb mgvb R¨v Ges OE I o
C D
OF †K›`ª n‡Z R¨vØ‡qi `~iZ¡ n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 5
 OE = OF L OE  OF M OE  OF N OE ⊥ OF 3
A P B
61. e„‡Ëi `ywU R¨v AB I CD Gi g‡a¨ AB †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK? 73. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK?
K 34 8 M 16 N 34
K AB = CD L AB + CD  AB  CD N AB  CD
62. e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó KZ? 74. CD Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK?
K2 L8  10 N 16
K 90 L 120  180 N 360
 wb‡Pi wPÎwUi Av‡jv‡K 75 I 76 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
63. i. e„‡Ëi mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x A
ii.e„‡Ë ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© ¯úk©‡Ki Ici j¤^
Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY `yB mg‡KvY
iii.
M o
K iii  i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii
B
64. e„‡Ëi−
i. mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x 75. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v| OM ⊥ AB, myZivs−
ii. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK †K›`ªMvgx K AM = OA  AM = BM
M BM = OB N AM = OM
iii. †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLvq `yB‡qi AwaK †Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 76. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v| OM ⊥ AB, myZivs−
K OMA = OAM L OBM = OBM
 OMA = OMB N OMB = 180

œ 1  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
cÖk- cÖgvY :
K. DÏxcK Abyhvqx wPÎ Gu‡K wPwýZ Ki| 2 avc h_v_©Zv
(1) †h‡nZz †K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
L. OD ⊥ AB n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, D, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y| 4 †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^
M. AB R¨v‡qi mgvb K‡i Av‡iKwU R¨v A¼b K‡i R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i Ges OE ⊥ AB I
cÖgvb Ki †h, Dfq R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x| 4 OF ⊥ CD.
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  myZivs AE = BE Ges CF = DF
1 1
K. C  AE = AB Ges CF = CD
2 2
(2) wKš‘ AB = CD [Kíbv]
O  AE = CF
 (3) GLb, OAE I OCF
mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR OA =
AwZfzR OC Ges AE = CF [DfqB GKB
A B
 OAE  OCF
e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
ABC e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
L. (4) OE = OF
O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq wKš‘ OE I OF †K›`ª O †_‡K h_vµ‡g
AB R¨v I CD R¨v Gi `~iZ¡|
Ggb R¨v| GLb OD ⊥ AB n‡j o
 AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O
cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, D, AB R¨v‡qi n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x| (cÖgvwYZ)
ga¨we›`y| A D B
A¼b : O, A I O, B †hvM Kwi|

cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OD ⊥ AB nIqvq ODA
= ODB = GK mg‡KvY|
(2) GLb, ODA I ODB
mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR
OA = AwZfzR OB [DfqB GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OD = OD [mvaviY evû]
 ODA  ODB
(3)  AD = BD
 D, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y| (cÖgvwYZ)
M.
C
A
E O F
B D
wP‡Îi AB R¨v Gi mgvb K‡i CD Av‡iKwU R¨v A¼b Kiv
n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª
O n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x|
A¼b : O, A I O, C †hvM Kwi| †K›`ª O n‡Z AB I CD Gi
Dci h_vµ‡g OE I OF j¤^ A¼b Kwi|

cÖk- L. †K›`ª O †_‡K AB R¨v Gi Ici OD j¤^|
K. OD ⊥ AB Ges OD = x, AD = y n‡j, e„‡Ëi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OD †iLv AB R¨v †K D we›`y‡Z
e¨vmva© KZ? 2 mgwØLwÊZ K‡i, A_©vr AD = BD
C
L. †K›`ª O †_‡K OD ⊥ AB n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OD,
AB R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| 4 o
M. hw` D³ e„‡Ëi Ab¨ GKwU R¨v CD nq Ges R¨vØq A B

D
†K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x nq Zvn‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, R¨v
A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
AB = R¨v CD 4
cÖgvY :
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K. (1) OD ⊥ AB [Kíbv]
C  ODA = ODB = GK mg‡KvY|
myZivs  ODA I  ODB DfqB
O
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
(2) GLb, mg‡KvYx ODA I
A D B
mg‡KvYx  ODB-G
†Ìqv Av‡Q, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB e¨vm wfbœ Ab¨
AwZfzR OA = AwZfzR OB [Df‡q GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
GKwU R¨v| OD ⊥ AB Ges OD = x, AD = y n‡j, AOD
Ges OD Dfq wÎfz‡Ri mvaviY evû
mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
  ODA   ODB [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR-
OA2 = OD2 + AD2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
evû me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
OA = x2 + y2 (3) AZGe, AD = BD
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = x2 + y2 GKK A_©vr OD †iLv AB R¨v-†K D
we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| (cÖgvwYZ)
M. cvV¨ eB Gi Dccv`¨ 3 †`L|

B
œ 3  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzRwU AšÍwj©wLZ L.
cÖk-
C
i‡q‡Q|
K. DcwiD³ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 O
D
L. †`LvI †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y| 4
M. †`LvI †h, AwZfzRB e„ËwUi e„nËg R¨v| 4 A
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : O, C †hvM Kwi| AC evûi ga¨we›`y D wbB Ges O, D
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU wbgœiƒc : †hvM Kwi|
B cÖgvY :
C avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC-G AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y O I D
O
 OD ║ BC [wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi

ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv

A Z…Zxq evûi mgvšÍivj|]
wP‡Î ACB = GK mg‡KvY| (2) GLb OD ║ BC Ges AC Zv‡ì †Q`K|
 ODA = ACB
wKš‘ ACB = GK mg‡KvY|
 ODA = GK mg‡KvY
A_©vr OD ⊥ AC
(3) OCD Ges OAD Gi g‡a¨ K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
CD = AD [D, AC Gi ga¨we›`y] M R
OD = OD [mvaviY evû]
Ges AšÍf©y³ ODC = AšÍf©y³ ODA S

myZivs OCD  OAD [evû-†KvY-evû Dccv`¨] N Q

 OC = OA O P
(4) Abyiƒcfv‡e, OB = OC L.
 OA = OB = OC [avc-3 †_‡K] M R
myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë
A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| A_©vr mg‡KvYx ABC Gi D S
F
kxl©we›`yÎq w`‡q Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi †K›`ª AwZfzR AB Gi ga¨we›`y
O †Z Aew¯’Z| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) N Q
O E
M. P
B A¼b : S †_‡K MN, OP Ges QR R¨v Gi Ici h_vµ‡g
C SD, SE Ges SF j¤^ AuvwK| S, M; S, Q Ges S, O †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
D
O avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) SD ⊥ MN Ges SF ⊥ QR [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
A myZivs MD = ND †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Ici
cÖgvY : Ges RF = QF Aw¼Z j¤^ H R¨v‡K
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
(1) †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, AB Gi 1 1
ga¨we›`y| myZivs AB e¨vm Ges AC  MD = 2 MN Ges QF = 2 QR
e¨vmwfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU R¨v| (2) wKš‘ MN = QR [Kíbv]
 OA = OB = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] 1 1
 2 MN = 2 QR
(2) GLb OAC-G
OA + OC  AC  MD = QF
ev, OA + OB  AC (3) GLb SMD Ges SQF
 AB  AC mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨
†h‡nZz AB, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR| myZivs AwZfzR SM = AwZfzR SQ [Df‡qB GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
AwZfzRB cÖ`Ë e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Ges MD = QF [avc-2]
œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v|
cÖk- myZivs SMD  SQF
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK| 2  SD = SF
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, †K›`ª O n‡Z AB Ges CD R¨vØq (4) Abyiƒcfv‡e, SD = SE
mg`~ieZ©x| 4 myZivs SD = SE = SF [avc-3 †_‡K]
M. e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨vØq ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j †`LvI †h, (5) wKš‘ SD, SE I SF †K›`ª
Zv‡ì GKwUi AskØq AciwUi AskØ‡qi mgvb| 4 S †_‡K h_vµ‡g MN, OP I
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  QR R¨v Gi `~iZ¡
K. myZivs †K›`ª S †_‡K cÖ`Ë
A
C R¨vÎq mg`~ieZ©x| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
O
(M)
 M R
D F
B D S
†Ìqv Av‡Q, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB I CD e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb
R¨v| Q
N
L. m„Rbkxj 2 (M) mgvavb †`L|
O
M. Abykxjbx 81 Gi 7 bs mgvavb †`L| E P
œ 5  S †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë MN, OP Ges QR wZbwU mgvb R¨v|

cÖk- A¼b : MN, OP I QR R¨vÎ‡qi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D, E I
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 F wbY©q Kwi| S, D; S, E Ges S, F †hvM Kwi|
L. †`LvI †h, †K›`ª S †_‡K wZbwU R¨v mg`~ieZ©x| 4 cÖgvY : avc h_v_©Zv
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, MN, OP Ges QR Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4 (1) D, MN R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y|
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  SD ⊥ MN [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I †Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi
B
Z`ª~c SE ⊥ OP Ges ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H
SF ⊥ QR R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^] F O 
(2) †K›`ª S n‡Z MN, OP I QR [Kíbv] E
R¨vÎ‡qi j¤^ `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g SD A

SE I SF cÖgvY :
Ges MN = OP = QR avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
SD = SE = SF [ÔLÕ †_‡K] (1) AB e„‡Ëi e¨vm|
 AEB = GK mg‡KvY| [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY e‡j]
myZivs S †K †K›`ª K‡i SD ev SE Ges AFB = GK mg‡KvY| [GKB KviY]
ev SF Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë (2) AEB Ges AFB-G
A¼b Ki‡j e„ËwU D, E I F we›`y AEB = AFB [mg‡KvY e‡j]
w`‡q hv‡e| BAE =ABF [GKvšÍi †KvY| KviY, AE  BF
AZGe, D, E I F mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ) Ges AB †Q`K]
Ges AB = AB [mvaviY evû]
œ 6  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm Ges Gi A I B we›`y n‡Z
cÖk-  AEB  AFB
wecixZ w`‡K Aw¼Z AE I BF R¨vØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj|  AE = BF (cÖgvwYZ)
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK| 2
M. O †K›`ªwewkó AEBF GKwU e„Ë| Gi AE I BF mgvšÍivj
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AE = BF 4
R¨vØ‡qi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g M I N |
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, AE I BF `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v-Gi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MN †iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges AE I BF
ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx Ges R¨vØ‡qi Ici j¤^|
R¨vØ‡qi Ici j¤^| 4 B
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  N
F O
K. B

E
M
O A
F 
E A¼b : O, N Ges O, M †hvM Kwi|

A cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
wP‡Î, AEBF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm| AB e¨v‡mi (1) Rvbv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y Ges
cÖvšÍØq A I B n‡Z Gi wecixZ w`‡K Aw¼Z AE I BF †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^| O e„‡Ëi
R¨vØq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| †K›`ª Ges BF R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y N
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AE = BF  ON ⊥ BF
A¼b : A, F Ges B, E †hvM Kwi| (2) Z`ªƒc, OM ⊥ AE A_©vr ON I OM, O we›`y n‡Z
h_vµ‡g BF I AE mgvšÍivj R¨vØ‡qi Ici j¤^| myZivs ON
Ges OM GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| A_©vr MN, †iLv O
†K›`ªMvgx Ges AE I BF R¨vØ‡qi Ici j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)

cÖk- C
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨wUi mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 O
L. D, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OD⊥AB 4
A
M. D³ e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨v `ywU A we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i mv‡_ D B
mgvb †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = AC 4 A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K. C
(1) OAD Ges OBD-G
O AD = BD [ D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y]
A B
OA = OB [ DfqB GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OD Dfq wÎfy‡Ri mvaviY evû|
ABC e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|  OAD  OBD [ Dfq wÎfy‡Ri evûÎq ci¯úi mgvb]
L. D, AB R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y A_©vr, AD = BD Kv‡RB O, D Gi myZivs ODA = ODB
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y Ges †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK (2) wKš‘ ODA Ges ODB †KvYØq
†iLvsk n‡e| îwLK hyMj †KvY Ges Zv‡ì cwigvc
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OD †iLv AB R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^ A_©vr OD ⊥ AB mgvb|
 ODA = ODB [GK mg‡KvY] (2) GLb, OAE Ges OCF
A_©vr OD ⊥ AB (cÖgvwYZ) mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR
M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi AB I AC `yBwU R¨v| O, OA = AwZfzR OC [Df‡q GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
A †hvM Kiv n‡jv| AB I AC R¨v `yBwU A we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z Ges OE = OF [Kíbv]
e¨vmva© OA-Gi mv‡_ mgvb †KvY OAB I OAC Drcbœ K‡i  OAE  OCE [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
A_©vr OAB = OAC cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB = AC  AE = CF AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv
A Dccv`¨]
1 1 [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
(3) AE = 2 AB Ges CF = 2 CD
†h‡Kv‡bv R¨v-Gi Ici
1 1 Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
myZivs 2 AB = 2 CD
O mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
B C A_©vr, AB = CD (cÖgvwYZ)
A¼b : O, B Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| M. A
C
cÖgvY : O
F
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv E
(1) AOB-G OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] B
D
(2) Avevi, AOC-G OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O I AB  CD, O †_‡K AB I CD Gi
 OCA = OAC Dc‡i h_vµ‡g OE I OF j¤^| Zvn‡j OE I OF †K›`ª †_‡K
(3) GLb, OAB = OAC [†Ìqv Av‡Q] h_vµ‡g AB I CD R¨v‡qi `~iZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
 OBA = OCA
n‡e †h, AB, CD A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi A_©vr OE  OF
GLb, AOB I AOC-Gi g‡a¨
OB = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] A¼b : O, B Ges O, D †hvM Kwi|
OAB = OAC Ges OBA = OCA cÖgvY :
 AOB  AOC avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
myZivs AB = AC (cÖgvwYZ) (1) †h‡nZz OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD [mg‡KvY]
œ 8  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v O †_‡K
cÖk- myZivs, OFD I OEB mg‡KvYx
mg`~ieZ©x| wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi
K. O †_‡K AB I CD Gi Ici h_vµ‡g OE Ges OF Dccv`¨ n‡Z cvB,
j¤^ n‡j e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK I mswÿß weeiY `vI| 2 OD2 = OF2 + FD2 [(AwZfzR)2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = CD| 4 Ges OB2 = OE2 + BE2 = (f‚wg)2 + (j¤^)2]
M. hw` AB  CD nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, AB, CD (2) †h‡nZz OD = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi| 4  OD2 = OB2
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   OF2 + FD2 = OE2 + BE2
ev, OF2 − OE2 = BE2 − FD2 (i)
K. F C
D 1 1 [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ
(3) GLb, BE = 2AB Ges FD = 2CD
O †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi
1 2 1 Ici Aw¼Z j¤^
A E B  BE2 = 2AB = 4AB2
( )
ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB I CD `yBwU R¨v| AB I CD R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ
1 2 1
†K›`ª O †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x Ges O †_‡K AB I CD Gi Ici
h_vµ‡g OE I OF j¤^|
( )
Ges FD2 = 2 CD = 4 CD2 K‡i]
1
L. GLv‡b OE I OF †K›`ª †_‡K h_vµ‡g AB I CD R¨v‡qi  BE2 − FD2 = (AB2 − CD2) (ii)
4
`~iZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i Ges OE = OF n‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, (4) †h‡nZz AB  CD, †m‡nZz AB2  CD2
AB = CD  AB2 − CD2  O
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|  BE2 − FD2  O [(ii) bs n‡Z]
cÖgvY :  OF2 − OE2  O [(i) bs n‡Z]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, OF2  OE2
(1) †h‡nZz OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD [mg‡KvY] ev, OF  OE (cÖgvwYZ)
myZivs OEA = OFC = GK
mg‡KvY

œ 9  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v †hLv‡b AB = CD, L. cÖgvY Ki †h, E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
cÖk- 4
O †_‡K AB I CD Gi j¤^ `~iZ¡ OE Ges OF| M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki OE = OF 4
K. DwjøwLZ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎ AuvK| 2 DËi : L. Dccv`¨-1 Gi wecixZ Dccv‡`ï Abyiƒc|
M. Dccv`¨-3 Gi Abyiƒc| œ 13  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD `yBwU R¨v|
cÖk-
œ 10  GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB I CD `yBwU R¨v|
cÖk- K. R¨v Kx? 2
OE ⊥ AB OF ⊥ CD Ges OE = OF OA evûi ga¨we›`y P|
L. hw` AB R¨v e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h,
AB  CD| 4
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = CD 4 M. OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OE  OF| 4
1
M. †`LvI †h, PE = AO œ 14 
4 cÖk-
2
P
œ 11  P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v|
cÖk- O
Q
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbymv‡i P †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„ËwU AuvK| 2 C

A
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, P †K›`ª n‡Z AB I CD R¨v-Øq mg`~ieZ©x| 4 D
M. AB ev CD Gi mgvb K‡i Aci GKwU R¨v A¼b K‡i cÖgvY K. e„‡Ëi R¨v Ges e¨v‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki| 2
Ki †h, G‡ì ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4 L. OD j¤^ n‡j, AD = CD cÖgvY Ki| 4
DËi : L. Dccv`¨ 2-Gi Abyiƒc; M. AC = PQ n‡j †`LvI †h, †K›`ª O †_‡K Zviv mg`~ieZ©x| 4
M. cÖk-
œ 8 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc| œ 15  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v| †K›`ª
cÖk-
œ 12  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨vØ‡qi `~iZ¡ †K›`ª
cÖk- O O †_‡K AB I CD Gi Dci Aw¼Z j¤^ h_vµ‡g OE I OF|
n‡Z h_vµ‡g OE Ges OF| K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i R¨vwgwZK wPÎwU AuvK| 2
K. Dch©y³ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z O †K›`ªwewkó ABDC e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, †K›`ª O †_‡K AB I CD R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x| 4
L. AB = CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OE = OF 4 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvb
M. AB  CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OE  OF 4 R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4
œ 16  e„‡Ëi cwiwai `yB we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk‡K R¨v
cÖk- ejv
nq| Avevi †Kv‡bv R¨v hw` †K›`ª w`‡q hvq Zv‡K ejv nq e¨vm|
K. e„‡Ëi e¨vm I e¨vm wfbœ R¨v Gi wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë| 4
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB = AC R¨v-cÖgvY Ki †h,
BAO = CAO| 4
A b yk xj b x 8 .2

 e„ËPvc
e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`yi gaëZ©x cwiwai Ask‡K Pvc e‡j| wP‡Î A I B `yBwU we›`yi gv‡S
e„‡Ëi Ask¸‡jv jÿ Kwi| †`Lv hvq, `yBwU As‡ki GKwU Ask †QvU, Ab¨wU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo|
†QvU AskwU‡K DcPvc I eowU‡K AwaPvc ejv nq| e„‡Ëi `yBwU we›`y A I B e„ËwU‡K `yBwU Pv‡c
wef³ K‡i| Dfq Pv‡ci cÖvšÍwe›`y A I B Ges cÖvšÍwe›`y Qvov Pvc `yBwUi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY
we›`y †bB|
 †KvY KZ…©K LwÊZ Pvc

GKwU †KvY †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë GKwU Pvc LwÊZ ev wQbœ K‡i ejv nq hw`
(1) PvcwUi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvšÍwe›`y †KvYwUi evû‡Z Aew¯’Z nq,
(2) †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z PvcwUi AšÍZ GKwU cÖvšÍwe›`y, Aew¯’Z nq Ges
(3) PvcwUi AšÍt¯’ cÖ‡Z¨KwU we›`y †KvYwUi Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K| wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z †KvYwU O †Kw›`ªK
e„‡Ë APB Pvc LwÊZ K‡i|
 e„Ë¯’ †KvY C
GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y n‡j Ges †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI
O
e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y _vK‡j †KvYwU‡K GKwU e„Ë¯’ †KvY ev e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ejv nq| wP‡Î
†KvY¸‡jv e„Ë¯’ †KvY| cÖ‡Z¨K e„Ë¯’ †KvY e„‡Ë GKwU Pvc ˆZix K‡i| GB Pvc DcPvc, Aa©e„Ë B
A
A_ev AwaPvc n‡Z cv‡i| P
gšÍe¨ : e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ GKwU †KvY n‡”Q †mB †KvY hvi kxl©we›`y H Pv‡ci GKwU
AšÍt¯’ we›`y Ges hvi GK GKwU evû H Pv‡ci GK GKwU cÖvšÍwe›`y w`‡q hvq| e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv
Pv‡c `Êvqgvb GKwU e„Ë¯’ †KvY n‡”Q H Pv‡ci AbyeÜx Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ GKwU †KvY|
 †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z n‡j, †KvYwU‡K H e„‡Ëi GKwU †K›`ª¯’ O
†KvY ejv nq Ges †KvYwU e„‡Ë †h Pvc LwÊZ K‡i †mB Pv‡ci Ici Zv `Êvqgvb ejv nq| cv‡ki
wP‡Îi AOB †KvYwU GKwU †K›`ª¯’ †KvY Ges Zv APB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb| Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î A
P
B
†K›`ª¯’ †KvY BOC mij‡KvY Ges e„Ë¯’ †KvY BAC mg‡KvY| A
O
B C
D

cÖkœ \ 1 \ O †K›`ªwewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU AšÍwj©wLZ A
PZzf©yR| AC, BD KY©Øq E we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, C
E
AOB + COD = 2AEB O
mgvavb :
A B
B D
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v
O E `ywU ci¯úi E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| A, D Ges B, C †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AED I BEC m`„k‡KvYx|
D C cÖgvY :
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges ABCD avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ| AC I BD KY©Øq E we›`y‡Z †Q` (1) BD Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e„Ë¯’
K‡i‡Q| A, O; B, O; C, O Ges D, O †hvM Kiv n‡jv| DAB I BCD
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOB + COD = 2 AEB myZivs, DAB = BCD [mgvb Pv‡ci Dci e„Ë¯’
cÖgvY : †KvY¸‡jv mgvb]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv (2) Avevi, AC Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z
(1) AB Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ e‡j ADC = ABC
AOB Ges e„Ë¯’ ADB| (3) GLb, AED I BEC Gi
 AOB = 2ADB [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi DAE = BCE [BD Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e‡j]
wØ¸Y (†Ìqv Av‡Q)] ADE = CBE [AC Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e‡j]
(2) CD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z Ges AED = BEC [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j]
†K›`ª¯’ COD Ges e„Ë¯’ AZGe, AED I BEC m`„k‡KvYx| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
DAC| cÖkœ \ 3 \ O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, ADB + BDC = GK mg‡KvY|
 COD = 2 DAC [GKB] cÖgvY Ki †h, A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
(3) AOB + COD = 2 ADB + 2DAC mgvavb :
= 2(ADB + DAC) (i) [1 I 2bs n‡Z] D
(4) ADE-G ewnt¯’ AEB Ges
AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv n‡jv,
EAD I EDA A
O
C
AZGe, AEB = EAD + EDA [wÎfy ‡ Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY
= DAC + ADB AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi
mgwói mgvb] B
(5) mgxKiY (i) bs G DAC + ADB we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë,
=AEB ewm‡q cvB, AOB +
ADB + BDC = GK mg‡KvY|
COD = 2 AEB [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ ABCD e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v `yBwU ci¯úi E we›`y‡Z †Q` A¼b : A, O; C, O Ges B, O †hvM Kwi|
K‡i‡Q| †`LvI †h, AED I BEC m`„k‡KvYx| cÖgvY :
mgvavb : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AB Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ AOB Ges e„Ë¯’ A
B
ADB |
myZivs AOB = 2ADB  (i) [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY
e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y] O
(2) Avevi, BC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ D C
BOC Ges e„Ë¯’ BDC
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU e„Ë Ges O Zvi †K›`ª|
 BOC = 2BDC  (ii) [GKB] ABCD GKwU e„Ë¯’ UªvwcwRqvg| Gi AB  CD Ges AD I BC
(3) mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, `yBwU wZh©K evû| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, BC = AD
AOB + BOC = 2 ADB + 2 BDC A¼b : A, O; B, O; C, O; D, O Ges B I D †hvM Kwi|
ev, AOC = 2(ADB + BDC) cÖgvY :
= 2ADC avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
ADC = Aa©e„Ë¯’‡KvY (1) BC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ BOC Ges
= 2  GK mg‡KvY
e„Ë¯’ BDC
= 2 mg‡KvY = GK mij‡KvY A_©vr 180 myZivs, BOC = 2BDC  (i) [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’
AZGe, A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| [cÖgvwYZ] †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y]
cÖkœ \ 4 \ AB I CD `yBwU R¨v e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z †Q` (2) Avevi, AD Pv‡ci Dci †K›`ª¯’ AOD
K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki †h, AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY Ges e„Ë¯’ ABD
Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡ì mgwó AEC Gi wØ¸Y|  AOD = 2 ABD  (ii) [ GKB ]
mgvavb : (3) wKšÍz AB  CD Ges BD †Q`K nIqvq
C
ABD = BDC [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
ev, 2ABD = 2BDC
 BOC = AOD
O  Pvc BC = Pvc AD [mgvb mgvb Pvc
A E
B †K‡›`ª mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i]
D [mgvb mgvb R¨v e„‡Ë
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ADBC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I CD mgvb Pvc wQbœ K‡i|]
`yBwU R¨v e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| AC I BD AZGe BC = AD| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
PvcØq †K‡›`ª AOC I BOD Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| cÖkœ \ 6 \ AB I AC †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v Ges P I Q h_vµ‡g
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOC + BOD = 2 AEC Zv‡ì Øviv wQbœ DcPvc `yBwUi ga¨we›`y| PQ R¨v AB I AC R¨v‡K
A¼b : B, C †hvM Kwi| h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †`LvI †h, AD = AE
cÖgvY : mgvavb :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv A
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges

P
e„Ë¯’ ABC D E
Q
[†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ O
myZivs AOC = 2ABC (i)
†Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y] C
(2) Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ BOD B
Ges e„Ë¯’ BCD we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I AC `ywU
 BOD = 2BCD (ii) [GKB] R¨v| P I Q h_vµ‡g AB I AC Øviv wQbœ DcPvc `yBwUi ga¨we›`y|
(3) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, PQ R¨v AB I AC R¨v‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
AZGe, AOC + BOD = †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AD = AE
2(ABC + BCD) A¼b : A I P Ges P I C †hvM Kwi|
(4) GLb, BCE Gi ewnt¯’ cÖgvY :
AEC = (BCE + CBE)
AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
[wÎfy‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY
mgwó (1) P ga¨we›`y nIqvq Pvc
AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi
ev, AEC = BCD + ABC mgwói mgvb] Pvc AP = Pvc PB
(5) AZGe, AOC + BOD =  ACP = PAB [mgvb mgvb Pv‡ci Dci
2AEC [cÖgvwYZ] Aew¯’Z e‡j]
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †`LvI †h, e„Ë¯’ UªvwcwRqv‡gi wZh©K evûØq ci¯úi mgvb| (2) Avevi Q ga¨we›`y nIqvq
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, e„Ë¯’ UªvwcwRqv‡gi Pvc AQ = Pvc CQ
wZh©K evûØq ci¯úi mgvb|  CPQ = APQ [ mgvb mgvb Pv‡ci
Dci Aew¯’Z e‡j]
myZivs ACP + CPQ = PAB + APQ [AšÍt¯’ wecixZ
(3) wKšÍz, PCE G †KvYØ‡qi mgwó]
ewnt¯’ AEP = ECP + EPC [AšÍt¯’ wecixZ ev, ADE = PAB + APQ
†KvYØ‡qi mgwó] = ACP + CPQ
ev, AED = ACP + CPQ myZivs AED = ADE
(4) Avevi, PAD-G ewnt¯’ ADQ (5) ADE G ADE = AED nIqvq
= PAD + APD AD = AE [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]|

1. Aa©e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?
K 60 L 75  90 N 120 6. AwZfzR I OM †iLvs‡ki ˆ`‡N©ï AšÍi KZ?
2. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwb©wnZ †KvbwU? K 0†m.wg. L 1 †m.wg.
 m~²‡KvY L mg‡KvY M ¯’~j‡KvY N cÖe„× †KvY  2†m.wg. N 4 †m.wg.
3. 7. PON Ges MPN Gi AšÍi KZ?
A  150 L 120
M 90 N 60
O
C B
BOC Gi gvb KZ?

K 30 L 60 M 90  120
4.
A
O
D
B
C
Dc‡ii wP‡Î−
i. BOD = 2 BAD
ii. COD = OAC + OCA
1
iii. BAC = BOC
2
5. wPÎ Abyhvqx BOC mgvb n‡jv−
A D
B
C
i. 2BAC ii. BAC + BDC
1
iii. (BAC + BDC)
2
K i I iii  i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M
60
N P
O 2cm

K Pvc L DcPvc M AwaPvc  AbyeÜx Pvc
82 : e„ËPvc 19. cÖ‡Z¨K †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„‡Ë KqwU DcPvc LwÊZ K‡i? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi
20. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ GKwU †KvY n‡”Q †mB †KvY
8. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`yi g‡a¨ cwiwai Ask‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
 Pvc L AwaPvc M DcPvc N R¨v
hvi kxl©we›`y H Pv‡ci GKwU− (mnR)
K ewn¯’ we›`y  AšÍt¯’ we›`y
9. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, ACB wPwýZ AskwU‡K Kx ejv nq? (ga¨g)
C M mge„Ë we›`y N cÖvšÍwe›`y
21. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pv‡c `Êvqgvb GKwU e„Ë¯’ †KvY n‡”Q H Pv‡ci
O
AbyeÜx Pv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ KqwU †KvY? (mnR)
 GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi
B 22. GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z n‡j
A
†KvbwU‡K H e„‡Ëi Kx e‡j? (mnR)
K Pvc L DcPvc  AwaPvc N cwiwa
 †K›`ª¯’ †KvY L e„Ë¯’ †KvY
10. ABC e„‡Ëi AB DcPvc I ACB AwaPv‡ci g‡a¨ mvaviY
M AšÍt¯’ †KvY N ewnt¯’ †KvY
we›`y KqwU? (ga¨g)
K1 2 M3 N4 23. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
11. e„‡Ëi Ici Aew¯’Z `yBwU we›`y A I B n‡j e„ËwU‡K KqwU KZ Ask? (mnR)
Pv‡c wef³ K‡i? (ga¨g) K mgvb L A‡a©K  wØ¸Y N Pvi¸Y
K4 L3 2 N1 24. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
12. r †mwg e¨vmva© wewkó ABC e„‡Ëi AwaPvc ACB Gi ˆ`‡N©ï KZ Ask? (mnR)
Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (ga¨g)
 A‡a©K L mgvb M wØ¸Y N wZb¸Y
r r
 ACB > r L ACB < r M ACB < N ACB = 25. wb‡Pi †Kvb †Rvov e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici ci¯úi-ci¯ú‡ii
2 2
13. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi cwiwa S wgUvi Ges AOB = e„Ë¯’ I †K›`ª¯’ †KvY? (mnR)
90 n‡j AB Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (mnR) K 30 I 45 L 45 I 60
S S S S M 30 I 90  45 I 90
K L  N
2 3 4 6 26. GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ †KvY x + 80 Ges e„Ë¯’ †KvY x + 10,
14. 05 GKK e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi e„nËg Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (mnR) x Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
 31416 L 24142 M 1 4142 N 05416
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi e„nËg Pvc n‡jv H e„‡Ëi cwiwa| K 50  60 M 70 N 80
†h‡nZz e¨vmva©, r = 05 GKK;  e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2r = 2  05 = 31416 e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y|
0 0
15. GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y n‡j Ges x + 80 = 2(x + 10
†KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y ev, 2x + 200 = x + 800 ev, 2x − x = 800 − 200  x = 600
_vK‡j †KvYwU‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) 27. †Kv‡bv e„Ë¯’ †KvY 45 n‡j †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc n‡e Ñ (mnR)
K AšÍt¯’ †KvY  e„Ë¯’ †KvY M ewnt¯’ †KvY 1 1
K 22  90 M 135 N 112
N †K›`ª¯’ †KvY 2 2
16. cÖ‡Z¨K e„Ë¯’ †KvY e„‡Ë KqwU Pvc LwÊZ K‡i? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : †K›`ª¯’ †KvY = 2  e„Ë¯’ †KvY = 2  45 = 90
 GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi 28. BAD I BED e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb `yBwU
17. wP‡Î AOB Kx ai‡bi †KvY? (ga¨g) e„Ë¯’ †KvY n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
A K BAD = 2BED L BED = 2BAD
1
M BAD = BED  BAD = BED
P O 2
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb|
B 29. GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb PviwU e„Ë¯’ †KvY A, B, C
†K›`ª¯’ †KvY L e„Ë¯’ †KvY I D| B = 30 n‡j C = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
M ewnt¯’ †KvY N AšÍt¯’ †KvY  30 L 60 M 120 N 150
18. wP‡Î, APB I ACB G‡K Ac‡ii Kx? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb mKj e„Ë¯’ †KvY ci¯úi mgvb|
C  A = B = C = D = 30
30. Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY KZ? (mnR)
 90 L 110 M 120 N 180
O 31. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë EF e¨vm n‡j EAF Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
A B
P
A
P Q

O
E 
O F
R
PQR AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ PQR †KvYwU wKiƒc? (mnR)
K 30 L 45 M 60  90 K mg‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY  m~²‡KvY N mij‡KvY
e¨vL¨v : EAF = Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY = GK mg‡KvY|
32. GKwU Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vm Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 60 L 90  180 N 360 42. wb‡Pi wP‡Î O †K›`ª, BD Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’
33. PQRS e„‡Ëi PQ Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb PRQ = 45 n‡j BAD Ges BCD n‡jÑ
PSQ = KZ wWwMÖ? †hLv‡b, R I S we›`y PQ Gi GKB A C
cv‡k Aew¯’Z| (ga¨g)
K 225  45 M 90 N 180 O
e¨vL¨v : GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb|
34. B D
C i. BOD = 2BAD ii. BOD = 2BCD
iii. BAD = BCD
O
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
Ki L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
A B 43. wPÎvbymv‡i−
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, cÖe„× AOB = 6x Ges ACB = x
P
n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
K 30  45 M 60 N 90
A B
e¨vL¨v : AOB = 2ACB = 2x 
360
 6x + 2x = 360  x = = 45
8
35. Q
i. AQB GKwU AwaPvc
x+10 ii. APB GKwU DcPvc
iii. APB I AQB GKwU‡K AciwUi AbyeÜx Pvc ejv nq
x+80 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wP‡Î, x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 30 L 50  60 N 80 44. ADBC e„‡Ë O †K›`ª| ACB Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY| C, O †hvM
e¨vL¨v : x + 80 = 2(x + 10) ev, x + 80 = 2x + 20 K‡i E ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kiv n‡j−
ev, 2x − x = 80 − 20 ev, x = 60 C
36. ACB Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY| ABC = 45 n‡j BAC Gi cwigvYÑ
 45 L 60 M 70 N 90
37. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY Kx? (mnR) A
O
B
K mg‡KvY L ¯’~j‡KvY  m~²‡KvY N mij‡KvY
38. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY Kx? (mnR) E
K mg‡KvY  ¯’~j‡KvY M m~²‡KvY N mij‡KvY D
39. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨v‡mi Ici `Êvqgvb Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvYwU wKiƒc? (mnR) i. AOE = ACO ii. ACB = GK mg‡KvY
 mg‡KvY L mij‡KvY M m~²‡KvY N cÖe„× †KvY iii. AOB = 2ACB
40. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
A B

O i. GKB Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
wØ¸Y
ii. Pvc †K‡›`ª †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e‡j
P
GLv‡b AwaPvc APB Gi Ici `Êvqgvb AOB Kxiƒc iii. Pvc cwiwa‡Z †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K e„Ë¯’ ev
†KvY? (mnR) cwiwa¯’ †KvY e‡j
K mij‡KvY L mg‡KvY M m~²‡KvY  cÖe„× †KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
41. K i L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
46. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb−
i. e„Ë¯’ †KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K
e„Ë¯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
ii. iii.†Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY m~²‡KvY
Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY `yB mg‡KvY
iii. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
47. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi−
P  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 50 − 52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
B

O A C
A B O
C
i. APB m~²‡KvY n‡j, ACB DcPvc n‡e 50. ABC Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S GKK n‡j e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ GKK? (mnR)
ii. APB mg‡KvY n‡j, ACP AwaPvc n‡e S
K 4S  2S MS N
iii. APB I ACB ci¯úi AbyeÜx Pvc 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 51. OB = 3 †m.wg. n‡j AC = KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K2 L4 6 N8
52. ABC Gi cwigvY KZ? (mnR)
48.
K 45 L 60  90 N 180
e¨vL¨v : ABC = Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY = 90
O
  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A C
P Q
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi−
i. POQ GKwU †K›`ª¯’ †KvY O
ii. POQ Gi DcPvc PQ B D
iii. POQ = 180 n‡j †K›`ª¯’ †KvYwU Aa©e„‡Ëi Dci 53. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
`Êvqgvb 1
 BAD = BOD
1
L BAD = BOD
2 2
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M BCD = BOD N  BAD = 2OBD
2
49. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 54. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
i. wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’ wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi mgwói K OBD = BCD L ODB = BAD
mgvb  BAD = BCD N  BAD = 2OBD
ii. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY
55.
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
55. Aa©e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ? 61. GKwU e„‡Ëi e„Ë¯’ †KvY (2x + 10) Ges †K›`ª¯’ †KvY (x +
K 180 L 360  90 N 120 110)0 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ wWwMÖ?
56. A
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
62. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K PQ I PR n‡j, PQR Kx
O ai‡bi wÎfzR?
B C
K mg‡KvYx L mgevû  mgwØevû N welgevû
D 63. e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h
Dc‡ii O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ? ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zvi cwigvY KZ?
K 90  180 M 260c N 360 K 60 L 90  120 N 180
57. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë D we›`y AB R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j, 64. cÖ‡Z¨K e„Ë¯’ †KvY e„‡Ë KqwU Pvc LwÊZ K‡i?
ODB = KZ? 1 L2 M3 N4
65. C
K 30 L 45 M 60  90
58. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ACB e„Ë¯’ †KvY n‡j, AOB = KZ?
K 90 L 45 M 120  180 A B
O
59. Aa©e„Ë A‡cÿv †QvU Pvc‡K Kx e‡j?
K mgPvc L AwaPvc  DcPvc N AmgPvc Dc‡ii wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë ACB Aa©e„Ë¯’
60. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pvc Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H e„ËPv‡ci− †KvY ABC = 30 n‡j BAC = KZ?
K mgvb  mgvbycvwZK M e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK N K 45  60 M 30 N 75
eM©g~j 66.
C O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU e„Ë| AC Zvi e¨vm Ges AC = 6
†m.wg.|
O B 72. ABC = KZ?
 90 L 180 M 150 N 170
A 73. AO + BO = KZ?
1 K 3 †m.wg.  6 †m.wg. M 9 †m.wg. N 12 †m.wg.
K AOB = ACB L AOB = ACB
2  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 74 I 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M 2AOB = ACB  AOB = 2ACB C
67. Aa©e„Ë¯’ wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvYØ‡qi GKwU AciwUi wØ¸Y n‡j
¶z`ªZg †KvYwUi cwigvY KZ? O
 30 L 60 M 90 N 120 A B

68. ACB I CBO GKB e„Ëvskw¯’Z †KvY| CBO = 50
n‡j ACB = KZ? O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB n‡jv e¨vm Ges AC I BC Gi ˆ`N©¨
K 45 L 50  40 N 90 h_vµ‡g 3 †m.wg. I 4 †m.wg.|
69. 74. ACB Gi gvb KZ?
O
K 450 L 60  90 N 120
75. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.?
5 L7 M9 N 11
A D B
wP‡Î OD = 6 †m.wg., BD = 8 †m.wg. n‡j AO = KZ  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 76 − B78 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
†m.wg.?
 10 L 11 M 12 N 13
70. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi BC Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ BOC Ges A O C
e„n¯’ BAC n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1
K BOC = BAC L BOC =
2
BAC 76. ABC Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S GKK n‡j e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ GKK?
S
 BOC = 2BAC N 2BOC = BAC K 4S  2S MS N
2
71. i. e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
77. OB = 2 †m.wg. n‡j AC = KZ †m.wg.?
ii. Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY
K1 L2 4 N 4
iii. Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î †K›`ª¯’ †KvY GK mij‡KvY 78. ABC Gi cwigvc KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K 40 L 60  90 N 180
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 72 I 73 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
B
A O C

œ 1  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb R¨v| O †_‡K
cÖk-
AB I CD Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OP Ges OQ j¤^| O
K. D‡jøwLZ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎ AuvK? 2

L. cÖgvY Ki †h, P, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| 4 A P B
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, OP = OQ. 4 g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm bq Ggb GKwU R¨v|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, P, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : O, A I O, B †hvM Kwi|
K. cÖgvY
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD C Q D avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
`yBwU mgvb R¨v| O †_‡K AB I CD R¨v O (1) OP ⊥ AB nIqvq
Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OP I OQ j¤^| OPA =  OPB GK mg‡KvY|
 OPA I  OPB mg‡KvYx
A P B
L. (2) GLb, OPA I OPB mg‡KvYx [Df‡qB GKB e„‡Ëi

wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨, e¨vmva©]
AwZfzR OA = AwZfzR OB L. O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges EF I GH e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v| cÖgvY
Ges OP = OP [mvaviY evû] Ki‡Z n‡e †h, O †_‡K EF Ges GH R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x|
 OPA  OPA E G
(3) AP = BP
 P, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|(cÖgvwYZ) O
M.
F H
Q D
C wPÎ-1
O A¼b : O †_‡K EF Ges GH R¨v Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OC Ges
OD j¤^ AuvwK| O, E Ges O, G †hvM Kwi|
A
P B cÖgvY :
g‡b Kwi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB I CD e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP = OQ (1) OC ⊥ EF I OD ⊥ GH [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| myZivs, EC = BC Ges GD = DH R¨v Gi Dci Aw¼Z
cÖgvY 1
 EC = EF Ges GD = GH j¤^ R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv 2
(1) OP ⊥ AB I OQ ⊥ CD [†K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ (2) wKš‘ EF = GH
†h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Dci  EC = GD
myZivs, AP = BP Ges CQ = DQ
Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K (3) GLb, OEC Ges OGD mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i] AwZfzR OE = AwZfzR OG
1 Ges EC = GD
 AP = BP Ges C = CD.
2
 OEC  OGD
(2) wKš‘ AB = CD  OC = OD
 AP = CQ [Kíbv] (4) wKš‘ OC Ges OD †K›`ª O †_‡K h_vµ‡g EF R¨v Ges
(3) GLb OAP Ges OCQ [Df‡q GKB e„‡Ëi
GH R¨v Gi `~iZ¡|
e¨vmva©]
mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR myZivs, EF Ges GH R¨vØq e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x|
OA = AwZfzR OC Ges AP = CQ M. Abykxjbx 8.1 Gi 11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`L|
 OAP  OCQ [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv œ 3
cÖk-
Dccv`¨]
P
 OP = OQ (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 2
cÖk- N
E G P 6m D
S M 8m Q
O
M
O
N K. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, MQ = QD| 4
F H Q R
M. MD DcPv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’‡KvY I †K›`ª¯’
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
R¨v EF = R¨v GH R¨v PQ > R¨v SR Ges OM ⊥ PQ, ON ⊥ SR †KvYwUi g‡a¨ m¤úK©wU wj‡L Zv cÖgvY Ki| 4
K. wPÎmn e„Ë¯’ I †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi msÁv †jL| 2
L. wPÎ -1 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, †K›`ª O †_‡K K wP‡Î, MQN mg‡KvYx wÎfzR,
R¨v Ø‡qi `~iZ¡ mgvb| 4  MN2 = MQ2 + NQ2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 64 + 36 = 100
M. wPÎ-2 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, OM < ON 4  MN = 10 †m. wg. (Ans.)
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L
K. e„Ë¯’ †KvY : GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv C P
e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y n‡j Ges †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K
evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y O
N
_vK‡j †KvYwU‡K GKwU e„Ë¯’ †KvY ev e„‡Ë 6m D
AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ejv nq| wP‡Î ACB A B
M 8m Q
e„Ë¯’ †KvY| P
†K›`ª¯’ †KvY : GKwU †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y we‡kl wbe©Pb : PMD e„‡Ë MD e¨vmwfbœ R¨v| e„‡Ëi †K›`ª N
†Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z n‡j, O †_‡K MD Gi Dci NQ j¤^| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MQ =
†KvYwU‡K H e„‡Ëi GKwU †K›`ª¯’ †KvY ejv QD|
nq| wP‡Îi AOB †KvYwU GKwU †K›`ª¯’ A B cÖgvY :
†KvY| P avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) MQN I NQD
MN = ND [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva] cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MND = 2 MPD.
NMQ = NDQ A¼b : P we›`y w`‡q †K›`ª N Mvgx †iLvsk PE AuvwK|
(2) NQ mvaviY evû [mgvb mgvb evûi wecixZ †KvYØq I cÖgvY :
 MQN  NQD. ci¯úi mgvb] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 MQ = QD. (cÖgvwYZ) (1) MPE Gi ewn:¯’ †KvY [ewn:¯’ †KvY AšÍ:¯’ wecixZ
M MNE = MPN + PMN †KvYØ‡qi mgwói mgvY]
P (2) PNM−G NM = NP [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva]
NPM = NMP
(3) avc (1) I (2) †_‡K MNE = 2 MPN
N
(4) GKBfv‡e, PDN †_‡K DNE = 2 DPN
(5) avc (3) I (4) †_‡K
E D MNE + DNE = 2 MPN + 2 DPN
M
K, MND = 2 (MPN + DPN)
we‡kl : PMD e„‡Ë MD DcPv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY
K, MND = 2 MPD (cÖgvwYZ)|
MPD Ges †K›`ª¯’ †KvY MND.

œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi AC †K›`ªMvgx|
cÖk- 1
 AOD = ABD [ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici
2
K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY †K›`ª¯’
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K]
†KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y| 4 A_©vr, AOD = 2ABD (i)
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Abyiƒ‡c †`Lv‡bv hvq †h,
Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ BOC = 2BDC (ii)
(2) (i) bs I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki †h, AOD + BOC = `yB AOD + BOC = 2ABD + 2BDC
mg‡KvY| 4 ev, AOD + BOC = 2(ABD + BDC)
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, AOD + BOC = 2(EBD + EDB) (iii)
(3) GLb, EBD-Gi
K. EBD +EDB =1 mg‡KvY(iv) [KviY AB ⊥ CD e‡j
A
BED = GK mg‡KvY]
(4) (iv) bs Gi gvb (iii) bs-G ewm‡q cvB,
 O AOD + BOC = 2  1 mg‡KvY
 AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
B
C œ 5  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm hv ACB †Kv‡Yi
cÖk-
wP‡Î, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC Gi AC R¨v e„‡Ëi †K›`ª wecixZ evû|
O w`‡q hvq| K. mswÿß weeiYmn cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2
L. cvV¨ eB c„ôv 136 Dccv`¨-4 †`L| L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ACB GK mg‡KvY| 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY| 4
Aew¯’Z E we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| A, O Ges D, O
†hvM Kivq AOD Drcbœ nq| Avevi O, C Ges O, B †hvM
Kivq BOC Drcbœ nq| K.
C
C D
O A A
O
E
A B
D
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB GKwU e¨vm| C e„‡Ëi Ici
A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi| Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y| A, C Ges B, C †hvM Ki‡j ACB
cÖgvY : cvIqv hvq| msÁvbyhvqx, ACB GKwU Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACB = GK mg‡KvY|
(1) GKB Pvc AD-Gi Ici `Êvqgvb A¼b : cÖgv‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ AB e¨v‡mi †h cv‡k¦© C we›`y
†K›`ª¯’ AOD Ges e„Ë¯’ ABD Aew¯’Z Zvi wecixZ cv‡k¦© D †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y wbB|
C B
A
A  B D 
C
O O
D g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ABC DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ

cÖgvY : AOB GKwU mij‡iLv| ABC| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY|
 AOB = GK mij‡KvY = `yB mg‡KvY| A¼b : CD e¨vm AuvwK| B, D †hvM Kwi|
GLb, ADB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOB Ges e„Ë¯’ ACB cÖgvY :
wKš‘, Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
†KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K| (1) O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ë CD e¨vm
1
 ACB = 2AOB  CBD = GK mg‡KvY [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY]
(2) ABC = ABD + CBD
1
ev, ACB = 2  2 mg‡KvY [ AOB = `yB mg‡KvY]
ev, ABC = ABD + GK mg‡KvY
 ACB = GK mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)  ABC  GK mg‡KvY [(1) †_‡K]
M. A_©vr ABC ¯’~j‡KvY
myZivs, DcPv‡c Aew¯’Z ABC GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 6  GKwU e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v, AB R¨v CD R¨v-Gi
cÖk- 2(ADC + BAD) †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
Ici j¤^| AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª h_vµ‡g AOC I BOD (3) GLb ADE mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R wØ¸Y]
AED = GK mg‡KvY|
†KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
myZivs EAD + ADE = [Kíbv]
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 GK mg‡KvY [wÎfz‡Ri wZb
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AOC + BOD = `yB mg‡KvY| 4 ev, BAD + ADC = GK mg‡KvY †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB
M. †`LvI †h, AOC + BOD = 2AEC 4 (4) AZGe, AOC + BOD = 2  GK mg‡KvY]
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mg‡KvY = 2 mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)
M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v `yBwU
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
A
AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª h_vµ‡g AOC I BOD †KvY
Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
O
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, AOC + BOD = 2AEC
C
A¼b : O, A; O, B; O, C; O, D Ges A, D †hvM Kwi|
E
cÖgvY :
D B avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ë R¨v AB ⊥ CD E,
†K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges e„Ë¯’
AB I CD R¨v-Gi †Q`we›`y| AC I BD PvcØq †K‡›`ª
ADC myZivs AOC = [GKB Pv‡ci Ici
h_vµ‡g AOC I BOD Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| 2ADC `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOC + BOD = `yB mg‡KvY| Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y]
A¼b : A I D †hvM Kwi| †K›`ª ¯’ BOD Ges e„ Ë¯’ [GKB Pv‡ci Ici
BAD| myZivs , BOD = `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
2BAD e„ Ë ¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y]
AZGe, AOC + BOD =
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ 2(ADC + BAD)
AOC Ges e„Ë¯’ ADC (2) GLb ADE-Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY [†hvM K‡i]
myZivs AOC = 2ADC [GKB Pv‡ci Ici AEC [ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’
(2) Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’  AEC = ADE + DAE
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi
`Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ BOD Ges †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi ev, AEC = ADC + BAD
mgwói mgvb]
e„Ë¯’ BAD wØ¸Y] AZGe, AOC + BOD =
myZivs BOD = 2BAD [GKB Pv‡ci Ici 2AEC (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
GLb, AOC + BOD = `Êvqgvb †K›`ª ¯’
œ 7  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm hv ACB †Kv‡Yi
wecixZ evû|
K. e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU we›`yi g‡aï cwiwai Ask‡K Pvc e‡j|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Dc‡ii Z_¨vewji wPÎ AuvK| 2 wP‡Î A I B `yBwU we›`yi gv‡S e„‡Ëi Ask¸‡jv jÿ Kwi| †`Lv
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY| 4 hvq, `yBwU As‡ki GKwU †QvU, Ab¨wU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e eo|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †QvU AskwU‡K DcPvc Ges eowU‡K AwaPvc e‡j|
†KvY m~²‡KvY Ges DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY R AwaPvc
¯’~j‡KvY| 4
 
K. m„Rbkxj 5 (K) mgvavb †`L| A B

A B
L. m„Rbkxj 5 (L) mgvavb †`L| DcPvc
M. L.
A
A L
D O P
  
B O
B C M N
C
E F g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi BC Pvc Ges P
g‡b Kwi, O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi BAC PvcwU GKwU AwaPvc Ges †K›`ªwewkó LMN e„‡Ëi MN Pvc mgvb|
BEF PvcwU DcPvc| A, B; A, C; B, E Ges E, F †hvM Kwi| g‡b Kwi, BC I MN Pvc `yBwUi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BAC GKwU m~²‡KvY Ges BEF †KvYØq h_vµ‡g BOC I MPN Ges e„Ë¯’ †KvYØq
GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| h_vµ‡g BAC I MLN †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, (i) BOC =
A¼b : BD e¨vm AuvwK| A, D Ges E, D †hvM Kwi| MPN Ges (ii) BAC = MLN|
cÖgvY : avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv (1) †h‡nZz, Pvc BC = Pvc MN [msÁvbymv‡i]
(1) O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ë BD e¨vm| myZivs, e„Ë `yBwUi e¨vmva© mgvb Ges [msÁvbymv‡i]
 BAD GKwU Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY| Pvc `yBwUi cwigvcI mgvb|
 BAD = GK mg‡KvY| [ÔLÕ Gi cÖgvY Abymv‡i] wKš‘ BC Pv‡ci cwigvc = †K›`ª¯’
(2) BED = GK mg‡KvY| [GKB] BOC-Gi cwigvc| Ges MN Pv‡ci
(3) GLb, A I C we›`y BD †iLvs‡ki cwigvc = †K›`ª¯’ MPN-Gi
wecixZ cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z| cwigvc| myZivs BOC-Gi cwigvc
 BAC < BAD = MPN-Gi cwigvc(i)
 BAC < GK mg‡KvY  BOC = MPN (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 BAC GKwU m~²‡KvY| 1
(2) Avevi, BAC = 2BOC Ges [†Kv‡bv Pv‡ci Ici
(4) Avevi, B I E we›`y BD †iLvs‡ki
GKB cv‡k Aew¯’Z| 1
MLN = MPN
`Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY
 BEF > BED 2 †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
 BEF > GK mg‡KvY| myZivs, BAC = MLN A‡a©K]
 BEF GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
(5) myZivs AwaPv‡c Aew¯’Z BAC GKwU M.
m~²‡KvY Ges DcPv‡c Aew¯’Z BEF A L
GKwU ¯’~j‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
O P
œ 8
cÖk-  
A L B C M N
O P g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC Ges P †K›`ªwewkó LMN e„Ë `yBwU mgvb|
 
g‡b Kwi, BC I MN PvcØ‡qi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvYØq
B C M N h_vµ‡g BOC I MPN Ges e„Ë¯’ †KvYØq h_vµ‡g
K. DcPvc I AwaPvc Kx? 2 BAC I MLN
L. †`LvI †h, mgvb mgvb e„ËPv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †hLv‡b, BOC = MPN (i)
†K›`ª¯’ ev e„Ë¯’ †KvY¸‡jv mgvb| 4 A_ev, BAC = MLN (ii)
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, mgvb mgvb e„‡Ë †hme Pv‡ci Ici cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Pvc BC = Pvc MN
`Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ ev †K›`ª¯’ †KvY¸‡jv mgvb, †mme cÖgvY :
†KvY¸‡jvi Pvc mgvb| 4 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) BAC = 12 BOC Ges MLN
1
= 2 MPN [†Kv‡bv Pv‡ci
(2) AZGe, hw` (ii) mZ¨ nq, Ici `Êvqgvb
A_©vr BAC = MLN e„Ë¯’ †KvY
1 1 †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
Z‡e, 2 BOC = 2 MPN
A‡a©K]
A_©vr BOC = MPN
A_©vr, (i) mZ¨ nq|
(3) myZivs Dfq‡ÿ‡Î BOC = MPN [msÁvbymv‡i]
A_©vr BOC-Gi cwigvc
= MPN Gi cwigvc|
 BC Pv‡ci cwigvc = MN Pv‡ci
cwigvc| [e„Ë `yBwU mgvb]
myZivs Pvc BC = Pvc MN (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 9  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë OR Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb QPR
cÖk- (2) POQ G OP = OQ mgwói mgvb]
e„Ë¯’ †KvY Ges QOR †K›`ª¯’ †KvY| AZGe, QPO = PQO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
K. e„Ë¯’ I †K›`ª¯’ †KvY Kv‡K e‡j? 2 (3) avc (1) I (2) †_‡K
1
QOD = 2QPO [mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg
L. †`LvI †h, QPR = 2 QOR 4 (4) GKBfv‡e POR †_‡K msjMœ †KvY `yBwU mgvb]
M. hw` e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡Z M GKwU we›`y nq Z‡e †`LvI ROD = 2RPO
†h, P I M we›`y‡Z Drcbœ †KvY ci¯úi mgvb| 4 (5) avc (3) I (4) †_‡K QOD [†hvM K‡i]
+ ROD = 2QPO +
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  2RPO
K. e„Ë¯’ †KvY : †h †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y ev, QOR = 2QPR
1
Ges †KvYwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evû‡Z kxl©we›`y QvovI e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y A_©vr QPR = 2QOR (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
_v‡K †m †KvYwU‡K e„Ë¯’ †KvY ejv nq| M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR e„‡Ë QR Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb
†K›`ª¯’ †KvY : †h †Kv‡Yi kxl©we›`y †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª QPR e„Ë¯’ †KvY Ges QOR †K›`ª¯’ †KvY| e„‡Ëi
Aew¯’Z, †m †KvYwU‡K H e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ †KvY ejv nq| cwiwa‡Z M GKwU we›`y| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, QPR = QMR
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë Ges Zvi GKB P M
DcPvc QR Gi Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ QPR Ges †K›`ª¯’
1
QOR| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, QPR = 2 QOR
O
P Q R
A¼b : O, Q Ges O, R †hvM Kwi|
O
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
Q D R
(1) GLv‡b QR Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, PR †iLvsk †K›`ªMvgx bq| G‡ÿ‡Î P we›`y †K›`ª¯’ †KvY QOR|
w`‡q †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk PD AuvwK| myZivs QOR = 2QPR [L-n‡Z cÖvß]
cÖgvY : Ges QOR = 2QMR
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  2QPR = 2QMR
(1) POQ Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY ev, QPR = QMR
QOD = QPO + PQO [ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’ myZivs P we›`y‡Z I M we›`y‡Z Drcbœ
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi †KvY ci¯úi mgvb|

œ 10  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I AC `yBwU R¨v Ges P I Q
cÖk- œ 12 
cÖk-
h_vµ‡g Zv‡ì Øviv wQbœ DcPvc `yBwUi ga¨we›`y| PQ R¨v AB I D
AC R¨v‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
K. e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 O
A C
L. †`LvI †h, AD = AE 4

1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAC = 2  BOC 4 B
DËi : L. Abykxjbxi 82 Gi cÖkœ-6 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc| K. Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K R¨v¸‡jvi bvg †jL| 2
M. Dccv`¨ 4 Gi Abyiƒc| L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADC = GK mg‡KvY| 4
œ 11 
cÖk- M. cÖgvY Ki †h, A, O I C GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| 4
P S DËi : K. AC, AD, BD I CD;
L. Dccv`¨-6 Gi Abyiƒc; M. Abykxjbxi cÖkœ-3 Gi mgvav‡bi

Abyiƒc|
O
R œ 13  O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD GKwU e„Ë|
cÖk-
Q
K. D³ e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©yRwU AuvK hvi AC I BD
K. Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K †K›`ª¯’ I e„Ë¯’ †KvY¸‡jv †jL| 2 KY©Øq E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q Ges mswÿß eY©bv `vI| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, QOR = 2QPR 4 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AOB + COD = 2AEB 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, QPR = QSR 4 M. D³ e„‡Ë ADB = BDC + GK mg‡KvY n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
DËi : K. †K›`ª¯’ QOR, e„Ë¯’ QPS, QSR, PQS I A, O Ges C GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z| 4
PRS; DËi : (K) Abykxjbxi-82 Gi 1 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡bi
L. Dccv`¨-4 Gi Abyiƒc; M. Dccv`¨-5 Gi Abyiƒc|
Abyiƒc| L. Abykxjbx-82 Gi 3 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvav‡bi
Abyiƒc|
A b yk xj b x 8 .3
 e„Ë¯’ PZzf©yR  DCP = BAD [Dfqcÿ n‡Z BCD ev`
e„Ëxq PZzf©yR ev e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR n‡jv Ggb PZzf©yR (cÖgvwYZ) w`‡q]
hvi PviwU kxl©we›`y e„‡Ëi Dci Aew¯’Z| Abywm×všÍÑ2| e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ mvgvšÍwiK GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
Abywm×všÍÑ1| e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ
†h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi mgvb| mvgvšÍwiK GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri GKwU evû we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwiK PQRS e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ|
ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQRS GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
mgvb|
P Q
A
D
S R
B C P
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri BC

evû‡K P ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq ewnt¯’ DCP Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DCP = BAD
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD PZzf©y‡R BAD +
BCD = `yB mg‡KvY [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó `yB
mg‡KvY]
(2) BCD + DCP = `yB mg‡KvY [`yBwU m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
(3) DCP + BCD = BAD + BCD [1 bs I 2bs [1bs In‡Z]
2bs n‡Z]
cÖgvY : ev, 2R = `yB mg‡KvY
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, R = GK mg‡KvY
(1) PQRS mvgvšÍwi‡K P = R [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki  P = R = GK mg‡KvY [1bs n‡Z]
wecixZ †KvYØq Z`ªƒc Q = S = GK mg‡KvY|
ci¯úi mgvb] (4) PQRS mvgvšÍwiKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ| [†h mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
(2) P + R = `yB mg‡KvY| [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri cÖwZwU
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó (cÖgvwYZ) †KvY mg‡KvY
`yB mg‡KvY] Zv AvqZ‡ÿÎ]
(3) R + R = `yB mg‡KvY [1bs I 2bs n‡Z]

cÖkœ \ 1 \ ABC G B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges 1
Ges QCB = 2 (A + B)
ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y
1
PviwU mge„Ë| myZivs, BQC + 2 (A + C) +
mgvavb : 1
A (A + B) = 180 [(ii) bs n‡Z]
2
P 1 1
B C
ev, BQC + 2 (180) + 2 A = 180
1
E ev, BQC + 90 + 2 A = 180
F
1
 BQC = 180 − 90 − A
2
Q 1
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq = 90 − A (iii)
2
P we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z (5) GLb mgxKiY (i) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
n‡e †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 1
cÖgvY : BPC + BQC = 90 +
2
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv 1
(1) ABC G A + B + C = 180 [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi A + 90 − A = 180
2
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] (6) BPCQ PZzfz©‡Ri P + Q =
(2) Avevi, BPC-G 180 nIqvq B, P, C,Q we›`y PviwU
BPC + PBC + PCB = 180 [GKB] mge„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ]
1 1 1
ev, BPC + 2 B + 2 C = 180 [ PBC = 2 B Ges cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi
1 mgwØLÊK I Zvi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi ewnwØ©LÊK e„‡Ëi Ic‡i †Q`
PCB = C]
2 K‡i|
1
ev, BPC = 180 − 2 (B + C) mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©‡Ri
1 1 †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK I Zvi wecixZ †Kv‡Yi ewnwØ©LÊK
= 180 − (A + B + C)+ A e„‡Ëi Ic‡i †Q` K‡i|
2 2
1 1 D
= 180 − (180) + A
2 2 C
1
= 180 − 90 + A
2 E
1 F A B
= 90 + A (i)
2 we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©R| Gi C-Gi
(3) BQC-G, mgwØLÊK CE Ges C Gi wecixZ A Gi ewnwØ©LÊK AE
BQC + QBC + QCB = 180  (ii) ci¯úi E we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
[wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, E we›`y e„Ë¯’|
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] cÖgvY :
1
(4) wKšÍz QBC = 2 CBE Ges QCB = 2 BCF
1 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©R nIqvq, BAD
1
ev, QBC = 2 (A +C) [BQ, CBE Gi + BCD = 2 mg‡KvY [ e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi
mgwØLÊK] (2) wKšÍz F, A, B GKB mij‡iLv mgwó 2 mg‡KvY ]
nIqvq 1
 Q = 90 + D = 90 + C
1
FAD + BAD = GK mij‡KvY [îwLK hyMj †KvY] 2 2
(6) AB Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z e„Ë¯’ [4 I 5 bs n‡Z]
= 2 mg‡KvY
C = e„Ë¯’ D
(3) myZivs BAD + BCD = FAD  P = Q
+ BAD [Dfq c¶ n‡Z mgvb †h‡nZz AB e„‡Ëi Pvc Ges AB Gi Dci
ev, BCD = FAD BAD ev` P I Q Aew¯’Z|
1 1
ev, 2 BCD = 2 FAD w`‡q]  A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 4 \ O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CDR¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi
ev, ECB = EAD [ EAD = ECB] Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kvb we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki
(4) GLb, EAD + BAD + ECB
†h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY|
= BAD + ECB + ECB
ev, EAB + ECB = BAD + 2 ECB mgvavb :
= BAD + BCD = 2 mg‡KvY
EAB I ECB wecixZ †KvY
nIqvq ABCE PZzfz©RwU e„Ë¯’|
 E we›`y e„Ë¯’| [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 3 \ ABCD GKwU e„Ë| CAB I CBA Gi mgwØLÊK we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ACBD e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I CD
`yBwU P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I DAB †KvYØ‡qi mgwØLÊK `yBwU R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i E we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| O,
Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU A; O, C; O, B Ges O, D †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
mge„Ë| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY|
mgvavb : A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AD Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’
AOD Ges e„Ë¯’ ABD
myZivs AOD = 2 ABD [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
`Ûvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y]
(2) Avevi, BC Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z
we‡kl wbe©vPb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU e„Ë| CAB I CBA †K›`ª¯’ BOC Ges e„Ë¯’ BDC
Gi mgwØLÊK `yBwU P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I DAB †KvYØ‡qi  BOC = 2BDC [GKB]
mgwØLÊK `yBwU Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| (3)  AOD + BOC = 2 ABD + 2 BDC
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| = 2 (ABD + BDC)
(4) wKšÍz BED mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R,
cÖgvY : BED = GK mg‡KvY nIqvq,
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv EBD + EDB = GK mg‡KvY
(1) ABC-G CAB + CBA + C = 180 [wÎfy‡Ri wZb ev, ABD + BDC = GK mg‡KvY
(2) AP mgwØLÊK nIqvq, CAB = 2PAB †Kv‡Yi mgwó AZGe, AOD + BOC
Ges BP mgwØLÊK nIqvq, `yB mg‡KvY] = 2  GK mg‡KvY = 2 mg‡KvY [cÖgvwYZ]
CBA = 2 PBA
cÖ k œ \ 5 \ mgvb mgvb f‚wgi Dci Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri
wkit‡KvYØq m¤ú~iK n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, Zv‡ì cwie„ËØq mgvb n‡e|
(3) myZivs, 2 PAB + 2 PBA + C = 180 mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : mgvb mgvb f‚wgi Ici Aew¯’Z
ev, 2(PAB + PBA) + C = 180 †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri wkit‡KvYØq m¤ú~iK n‡j, cÖgvY Ki‡Z
(4) wKšÍz APB-G PAB + PBA n‡e †h, Zv‡ì cwie„ËØq mgvb n‡e|
A
= 180 − P D
AZGe, 2(180 − P) + C = 180 B C

1
ev, 180 − P + 2 C = 90
Q
P
1 E F
ev, 180 − 90 + 2 C = P
H R
1
 P = 90 + C we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF `ywUi f‚wg BC = EF|
2
(5) ABD G BAD + ABD + D = 180 [ AQ I BQ wkit‡KvYØq h_vµ‡g A I D Ges A + D = 2 mg‡KvY
ev, 2BAQ + 2ABQ + D = 180 h_vµ‡g A n‡j, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, wÎfzRØ‡qi cwie„ËØq mgvb|
ev, 2 (180 − Q) + D = 180 I B Gi
mgwØLÊK] cÖgvY :
1
ev, 180 − Q + 2 D = 90 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1
ev, 180 − 90 + 2 D = Q
(1) P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë BHC Pv‡ci Dci cÖkœ \ 6 \ ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK| AC
Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„w× BPC Ges †iLv hw` BAD Gi mgwØLÊK nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, BC = CD
e„Ë¯’ BAC ev A mgvavb :
 BPC = 2A [†K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi D
wØ¸Y]
(2) Avevi, Q †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ERF A C
Pv‡ci Dci Aew¯’Z †K›`ª¯’ EQF
Ges e„Ë¯’ D B
 EQF = 2 D [GKB] we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzfz©RwUi wecixZ †KvYØq
(3) myZivs, BPC + EQF ci¯úi m¤ú~iK| AC †iLv, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
= 2 A + 2 D
= 2 (A + D)
n‡e †h, BC = CD
= 2  2 mg‡KvY cÖgvY :
= 4 mg‡KvY| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
†K‡›`ª Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc 4 (1) ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq [PZzf©y‡Ri `yB wecixZ
mg‡KvY Ges BC = EF nIqvq BC m¤ú~iK nIqvq ABCD PZzf©RwU e„Ë¯’| †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Gi
Øviv wQbœ DcPvc = EF Øviv wQbœ AC, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK| kxl©we›`y PviwU mge„Ë]
DcPvc myZivs CAD = CAB
A_©vr, BAC DcPvc = ERF DcPvc (2) GLb, CD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z
Ges, BHC AwaPvc = EDF AwaPvc| e„Ë¯’ CAD Ges BC Pv‡ci [e„Ë¯’ †KvY mgvb]
(4) AZGe, BAC Pvc + BHC Pvc = ERF Ici Aew¯’Z e„Ë¯’ CAB
Pvc + EDF Pvc †h‡nZz, CAB = CAD
ev, ABC Gi cwie„Ë = DEF Gi cwie„Ë| [cÖgvwYZ] myZivs Pvc BC = Pvc CD
A_©vr, BC = CD [cÖgvwYZ]

1. 4. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 60 Gi wecixZ
D C C = KZ?
110
K 60 L 90 M 110  120
A B
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A B
wP‡Î ABC = KZ wWMÖx? O
5 wg.
 70 L 80 M 90 N 110
2. D P4 wg. C
A
50 D O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR|
5. OPC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi?
K 30 L 20
B C M 12  6
wP‡Î BCD Gi gvb KZ? 6. ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 25 L 40 M 50  130  ABC + ADC = 180 L ABO + BDC = 80
3. e„‡Ëi GKwU we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv m¤¢e? M ODP + OCP = 180 N BAD + BCD = 130
 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N AmsL¨

7. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi
83 : e„Ë¯’ PZzfyR
© mgwó KZ? (mnR)
K 90  180 M 270 N 360
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 8. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri GKwU evû ewa©Z Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’
†KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi Kxiƒc? (mnR)
 mgvb L A‡a©K M Amgvb N wØ¸Y
9. O†K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD mvgvšÍwiKwU wb‡Pi O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡R AD = DC n‡j,
†KvbwU? (mnR) CAD = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
 AvqZ L eM© M i¤^m N UªvwcwRqvg K 40  45 M 50 N 55
10. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 90, Gi wecixZ
C = ? (mnR) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 60  90 M 120 N 180 18. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
11. GKwU e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri evB‡ii PviwU e„Ëvswkw¯’Z †Kv‡Yi
i. e„‡Ë Aew¯’Z PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi
mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 180  360 M 130 N 270
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY
12. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 60 Gi wecixZ ii. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ mvgvšÍwiK GKwU i¤^m
C = KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR) iii. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Zvi
K 60 L 90  120 N 180 kxl©we›`y PviwU mge„Ë nq
e¨vL¨v : AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡R, A + C = 180 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
 C = 180 − 60 = 120 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
13. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| ABC +
ADC mgvb KZ? (mnR) 19. ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j−
D i. A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë
ii. ABCD e„Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR
O
A 
C iii. ABC + ADC = 180
B K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 90 L 120  180 N 360 20. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzfz©R n‡jÑ
14. C
D
B x
A
D
O O

O y
A
B C
i. cÖe„× BOD = 2x ii. ¯’~j BOD = 2y
†K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j, e„ËwU
O iii. x + y = 180
Kxiƒc? (mnR)
Ki L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K AšÍe„Ë  cwie„Ë M ewne„©Ë N Awae„Ë
21. wPÎwU j¶ Ki :
15. O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PAQ ¯úk©K Ges ADC + ABC D
= 180 n‡j, PAC I QAC ci¯úi Kx †KvY? (ga¨g)

O
C A
O C
D B B
P Q i. AOC = 2ADC ii. DCB = 2BAD

A
iii. ABC + ADC = 180
K c~iK  m¤ú~iK M cÖe„× †KvY N mg‡KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
16. K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
R S
T
22. wPÎwU j¶ Ki :
D
85
P Q O
A 
C
wP‡Îi RPQ = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
K 5 L 45 M 75  85
e¨vL¨v : RSQ + QST = 180 B
 RSQ = 180 − 85 = 95 i. AOC = 2ABC ii. AOC = 2ADC
RSQ + RPQ = 180  RPQ = 180 − 95 = 85 iii. AOC = `yB mg‡KvY
D K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
C
23. wP‡Î ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡RiÑ
O
30 E
A B
28. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| myZivs, BAD
D C + BCD mgvb KZ? (ga¨g)

K 60 L 90 M 120  180
A B e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ë AšÍ©wj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB
mg‡KvY|
i. GKwU †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY n‡j, wecixZ †KvYwU m~²‡KvY n‡e 29. Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
ii. BAD = 45 n‡j, BCD = 45  BCD  BED L BCD  BED
iii. ABC + ADC = 180 M BCD ≤ BED N BCD = BED
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 30. O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD GKwU e„Ë¯’ PZzf©yR| Gi C we›`y hw` E
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii we›`yi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq, Zvn‡j ABED we›`y PviwU Kx n‡e? (ga¨g)
24. K mvgvšÍwiK L i¤^m  mge„Ë N AvqZ‡ÿÎ
A D
E  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 31 − 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
D C

O
O
O
GKK
B C 3
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j− A B

i. ABC + ADC = 180 ABCD PZzf©yR O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ †hLv‡b
ii. CDE Gi ewn:¯’ ADC  wecixZ AšÍ:¯’ AEC ABC + ADC = BAD + BCD|
iii. A, B, C I E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë 31. OC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 3 L4 M5 N6
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : OA I OC GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©|
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  OA = OC = 3 GKK|
32. ABC + ADC = KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 25 − 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 90 L 110 M 150  180
D 33. BAC = 55 n‡j DAC = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
C K 30  35 M 45 N 65
r q t
s e¨vL¨v : Aa©e„Ë¯’ e‡j, BAC + DAC = 90 DAC = 90 −
p O
BAC = 90 − 55 = 35
A B
O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„‡Ë p = 35 D
25. q Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
E
K 80  70 M 60 N 50 95
e¨vL¨v : GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y|
26. s Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) A 45
C
K 65  55 M 45 N 40
27. t Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 55 L 105 M 420  145 B
e¨vL¨v : ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ `yB †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY| wP‡Î, ABCE e„Ë¯’ PZzf©yR|
 t = 180 − 35 = 145 34. ABC Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 28 − 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 105  95 M 85 N 75
A D 35. CED Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
O
K 105 L 95  85 N 75
36. CAE Gi gvb KZ?

(ga¨g)
K 45  40 M 35 N 30
B
C
E

37.
I ii I iii I iii I iii
A
D Ki Li M ii  i, ii
D
B
A O 
C
C E B
Ic‡ii wP‡Î ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡R A = 110 n‡j, Dc‡ii wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU e„Ë¯’
ECD = KZ?
PZzf©yR|
 110 L 80 M 70 N 60
38. Dc‡ii wPÎwUi wfwË‡Z 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A D
E
F
B C
Ic‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z CDE Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?

K 45  90 M 180 N 270
39. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi
mgwó KZ?
K GK mg‡KvY  GK mij‡KvY
M c~iK †KvY N m~²‡KvY
40.
A
O
B C
D
BOC = 150 n‡j, BAC Gi gvb KZ?
K 65  75 M 80 N 100
41. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë GKwU PZzf©yR AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j e„ËwU‡K Kx e‡j?
K AšÍe©Ë „  cwie„Ë M ewnte„Ë N mge„Ë
42. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri A = 60 Gi wecixZ
C = KZ?
K 60 L 90  120 N 180
43.
A S D
P O R
B Q C
Dc‡ii wP‡Î−
i. ABCD e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR
ii. AP = AS
iii. AOD + BOC = 180
44.
C
A  B
O
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë−
i. ACB = Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY
ii. BAC + ABC = ACB
iii. BAC + ABC = GK mg‡KvY
45. wP‡Î ABC = 75 n‡j ADC = KZ wWwMÖ? 46. BAD + BCD = KZ wWwMÖ?
K 90 L 100 K 90 L 120
 105 N 75  180 N 360

œ 1  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvb R¨v|
cÖk- M cÖgvY :
N I P h_vµ‡g R¨vÎ‡qi ga¨we›`y| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 (1) †h‡nZz M, AB Gi ga¨we›`y
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, OM = ON 4 Ges OM †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, M, N I P we›`y wZbwU mge„Ë| 4  OM, AB Gi Dci j¤^| [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Dci j¤^]
(2) OP, CD Gi Dci j¤^| [GKB KviY]
K cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wb‡P wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv : (3) ON, EF Gi Dci j¤^| [GKB KviY]
F
(4) OM = OP = ON [e„‡Ëi mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x]
M
A B myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OM A_ev ON A_ev OP Gi mgvb
P
O e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j M, N I P we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
E
N AZGe, M, N I P mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)
C D
œ 2  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë PM I PN R¨v †K›`ªMvgx bq|
cÖk-
wP‡Î AECDBF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O. e„ËwUi e¨vm wfbœ wZbwU R¨v K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
AB, CD I EF Gi ga¨we›`y M, N I P. 1
L. †`LvI †h, MPN = 2 MON. 4
L N
D C M. hw` PMQN PZzfz©RwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ nq Z‡e cÖgvY
O Ki †h, MQN + MPN = 180 4
A B
M
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi wPÎwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
we‡kl wbe©Pb : O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU mgvb P
R¨v| M I N h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z
n‡e †h, OM = ON
A¼b : O, A I O, C †hvM Kwi| O
cÖgvY :
M N
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges M I N h_vµ‡g AB I CD Gi ga¨we›`y wP‡Î PMN GKwU O †K›`ªwewkó e„Ë| e„ËwU‡Z †K›`ªMvgx bq
 OM ⊥ AB Ges ON ⊥ CD [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ Ggb `ywU R¨v PM I PN| 2
†Kv‡bv R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H R¨v Gi Dci j¤^] L. 4
(2) AOM I CON G P
ONC = OMA [GK mg‡KvY]

OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] O
AOM = NOC [wecÖZxc †KvY]
AOM  NOC D
M N
 OM = ON (cÖgvwYZ)
M A
F we‡kl wbe©Pb : O †K›`ªwewkó MPN e„‡Ëi PM I PN
M 1
†K›`ªMvgx bq Ggb R¨v| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MPN = 2
B O N MON.
D
A¼b : P we›`yw`‡q O †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk PD AuvwK|
P
C cÖgvY :
E avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCEDF e„‡Ë O †K›`ª| AB, CD 1| POM − G [†Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri
Ges EF wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb mgvb R¨v| M, N Ges P mgvb POM Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY PQM †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi ewnt¯’
R¨v¸‡jvi ga¨we›`y| MOD = OPM + OMP......(i) †KvY H †Kv‡Yi
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, M, N Ges P mge„Ë| AšÍt¯’ †KvYØ‡qi
A¼b : O I M, O I N Ges O I P †hvM Kwi|
mgwói mgvb] cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MQN + MPN = 180
2| Avevi, OM = OP [†Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri cÖgvY :
 OPM = OMP mgvb mgvb evûi avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
wecixZ †KvYØqI 1| GKB Pvc MPN Gi Dci `Êvqgvb [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
mgvb] †K›`ª¯’ MON = 2 (e„Ë¯’ `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
3| (i) I (ii) bs n‡Z, MQN) †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
MOD = 2OPM .............(ii)  MON = 2MQN .............(i) wØ¸Y]
4| Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq, 2| Avevi, GKB Pvc MQN Gi Dci
DON = 2OPN ....................(iii) `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„× †KvY
MON = 2 (e„Ë¯’ MPN)
H
5| (ii) I (iii) mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
MOD + DON = 2OPM +  MON = 2MPN .............(2)
2OPN 3| (1) I (2) †hvM K‡i cvB,
ev, MON = 2MPN MON + cÖe„× MON = 2(MQN + MPN)
1 4| wKš‘ MON + cÖe„× MON =
ev, MPN = 2 MON 360
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)  2(MQN + MPN) = 360 (cÖgvwYZ)
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß wP‡Î P Gi wecix‡Z cwiwa¯’ GKwU we›`y Q ev, MQN + MPN = 360
wbB| M, Q I N, Q †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j PMQN PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë
AšÍwj©wLZ| 4
P
M N
Q
we‡kl wbe©Pb : PMQN PZzf©yRwU GKwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©yR|

œ 3  ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri ABC I ADC ci¯úi m¤ú~iK
cÖk- cÖgvY :
A_©vr ABC + ADC = 180, A, B, C, D we›`yMvgx GKwU e„Ë avcmg~n : h_v_©Zv
AuvK| A, C †hvM K‡i AC Gi †h cv‡k D we›`y †mB cv‡k Aci (1) ABCE GKwU e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©R| [A¼bvbymv‡i]
GKwU we›`y E †bqv n‡jv| A, E I D, E †hvM Kiv n‡jv|  ABC + AEC = 180 [Kíbvbymv‡i]
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Dc‡ii Z_¨wU R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi (2) wKšÍz ABC + ADC = 180 [†Ìqv Av‡Q]
mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2 ABC + AEC = ABC + ADC
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, A, C, D, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4 AEC = ADC
M. ABC-Gi A we›`y †_‡K AD⊥BC Ges B we›`y (3) AEC Ges ADC, AC Gi GKB cv‡k¦©
Aew¯’Z `ywU mgvb †KvY|
†_‡K BE⊥AC AD Ges BE ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z myZivs A, C, D, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)
†Q` K‡i| †`LvI †h, A, B, D, E we›`y PviwU
mge„Ë Ges C, D, O, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4 M. ABC-Gi A we›`y n‡Z AD⊥BC Ges B we›`y n‡Z BE⊥AC,
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  AD Ges BE ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| †`Lv‡Z n‡e
†h, A, B, D, E mge„Ë¯’ Ges C, D, O, E mge„Ë¯’|
K. ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri ABC + ADC = 180, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e A
†h, A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| E
A
O
E
B B D C
C D
A, B, C, D we›`yMvgx GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| A, C †hvM Kwi| AC GLb, †h‡nZz AD ⊥ BC
Gi †h cv‡k¦© D we›`y †mB cv‡k¦©B Aci GKwU we›`y E †bB| A,  ADB = GK mg‡KvY
E Ges D, E †hvM Kwi| Z`ª“c AEB = GK mg‡KvY|
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, C, D, E we›`y PviwU mge„Ë|  AEB = ADB
wKšÍz Giv AB †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z `ywU †KvY| (1) GKB Pvc ABC Gi Ici
myZivs A, B, D, E mge„Ë¯’| (cÖgvwYZ) `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges
Avevi, OE⊥AC e‡j, OEC = 1 mg‡KvY| e„Ë¯’ ADC
Z`ª“c ODC = 1 mg‡KvY|  AOC = 2ADC [GKB Pv‡ci Ici
(2) Avevi, GKB Pvc ADC Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
 OEC +ODC = `yB mg‡KvY|
`Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOC Ges †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
wKšÍz Giv CDOE PZzfz©‡Ri `ywU wecixZ †KvY| e„Ë¯’ ABC
 C, D, O, E mge„Ë¯’| (cÖgvwYZ)
wØ¸Y]
 cÖe„× AOC = 2ABC [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ|
cÖk- (3)  AOC + cÖe„× AOC = `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
Gi AB evû‡K ewa©Z Kivq CBE ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ n‡jv| 2(ABC + ADC) wKš‘, †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 AOC + cÖe„× AOC = Pvi wØ¸Y]
L. †`LvI †h, ewnt¯’ CBE wecixZ AšÍt¯’ ADC mg‡KvY
Gi mgvb| 4 (4) 2(ABC + ADC) = Pvi mg‡KvY
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq m¤ú~iK| 4 GKBfv‡e, cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h,
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
(cÖgvwYZ)
K. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| AB evû‡K E
ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq CBE ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq| œ 5  g‡b Kwi, GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| e„‡Ë ABCD PZzfz©RwU
cÖk-
D AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q| O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
C
K. wPÎ Gu‡K Gi msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨‡K
 R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2
O
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAD + BCD = 2 mg‡KvY Ges
E ABC + ADC = 2 mg‡KvY| 4
A B
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yR AšÍwj©wLZ| M. ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©‡Ri AB I DC evû‡K ewa©Z
AB evû‡K E ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq CBE ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ Kivq P we›`y‡Z Ges AD I BC evû‡K ewa©Z Kivq
n‡q‡Q| ewnt¯’ CBE-Gi wecixZ AšÍt¯’ ADC cÖgvY Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| ADC= 85 I BPC =
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, CBE = ADC 40 n‡j BCP I CQD Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë K. B
AšÍwj©wLZ Ges ADC I ABC Y

PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY| O
 ADC + ABC = `yB mg‡KvY [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ X

(2) BC iwk¥i cÖvšÍ we›`y C-†Z AE PZzf©y‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv A C
mij‡iLvq wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j, `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi D
mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë ABCD PZzfz©RwU
ABC Ges CBE mwbœwnZ
AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q| O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
†KvYØq Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|
[mwbœwnZ †KvYØ‡qi L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY
 ABC + CBE = `yB mg‡KvY Ges BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
(3) ADC + ABC = ABC + mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
[(1) I (2) †_‡K] Avgiv Rvwb, GKB Pvc ADC Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
CBE
[Dfq cÿ †_‡K mgvb AOC = 2 (e„Ë¯’ ABC)
ev, ADC = CBE
†KvY ev` w`‡q] A_©vr AOC = 2 ABC
 CBE = ADC (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
Avevi, GKB Pvc ABC Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„× †KvY
M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ, AOC = 2 (e„Ë¯’ ADC)
ABC Ges ADC PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY| Avevi, A_©vr cÖe„× †KvY AOC = 2 ADC
BAD Ges BCD PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY|
 AOC + cÖe„× †KvY AOC = 2(ABC + ADC)
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY Ges wKšÍz AOC + cÖe„× †KvY AOC = Pvi mg‡KvY|
BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
 2(ABC + ADC) = Pvi mg‡KvY|
D
 ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY|
O GKBfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, BAD + BCD = `yB
A mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
C
B M. ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©‡Ri ewnt¯’ PBC = ADC = 85
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A 1 BAD I DCM Gi
DCP = DCM
2 mgwØLÊK]
(5)  DAP = DCP [3 I 4 bs n‡Z]
B
85
(6) BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| [1bs n‡Z]
40
P D ev, BAP + DAP + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY
C
ev, BAP + DCP + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY
ev, BAP + BCP = `yB mg‡KvY| [4bs n‡Z]
Q (7) ABCP e„Ë¯’ PZzf©yR| [Gi wecixZ †KvYØq
Avevi, PBC-Gi m¤ú~iK †KvY]
PBC = 85, BPC = 40  P we›`ywU e„‡Ëi Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| [cÖgvwYZ]
 BCP = 180 − (85 + 40) œ 7  ABCD GKwU e„Ë| CAB Ges CBA Gi mgwØLÊK
cÖk-
= 180 − 125 = 55 `yBwU P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I DAB †KvYØ‡qi mgwØLÊK `yBwU
 CDQ-Gi ewnt¯’ ADC = CQD + QCD
Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|
ev, CQD = ADC − QCD
= ADC − BCP [ QCD = wecÖZxc BCP] K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2
= 85 − 55 = 30 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ADB = 2AQB − 180 4
 BCP = 55, CQD = 30 M. †`LvI †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
œ 6  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q|
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i Dch©y³ e„ËwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 K. cÖ ` Ë eY© bvi wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
A
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| 4
M. ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri BAD Gi mgwØLÊK Q
D
AP Ges BCD Gi ewnwØ©LÊK CP ci¯úi P


P
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, P we›`ywU e„‡Ëi
C
Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| 4 B
L.
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD e„ËwU AuvKv n‡jv− avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
D (1) BQ, DBA-Gi mgwØLÊK
1
O
 ABQ = 2 DBA
A
C (2) AQ, DAB Gi mgwØLÊK
B 1
 BAQ = 2DAB
L. cvV¨ eB Dccv`¨-7 bs †`L|
(3) GLb, ABQ Gi
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri BAD ABQ + BAQ + AQB = 180 [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
Gi mgwØLÊK AP Ges BCD Gi ewnwØ©LÊK CP ci¯úi P 1 1 mgwó `yB mg‡KvY ev 180]
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, P we›`ywU e„‡Ëi ev, 2DBA + 2DAB + AQB = 180
Dc‡i Aew¯’Z| ev, DBA + DAB + 2AQB = 360 [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y
D ev, DBA + DAB + ADB + 2AQB K‡i]
= 360 + ADB [ABD-Gi wZb
A P ev, 180 + 2AQB = 360 + ADB †Kv‡Yi mgwó =
ev, 2AQB = 180 + ADB 180]
M  ADB = 2AQB − 180 (cÖgvwYZ)
B C
A¼b : BC †K M ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| M. cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv (1) ADB = 2AQB − 180 (i)
[ÔLÕ †_‡K]
(1) e„Ë¯’ ABCD PZzf©y‡R BAD + [e„Ë¯’ PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ Abyiƒcfv‡e,
BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| †KvYØ‡qi mgwó `yB ACB = 2APB − 180 (ii)
mg‡KvY] (2) wKš‘ ACB Ges ADB DfqB AB
(2) BCD + DCM = `yB mg‡KvY [îwLK hyMj †KvY] Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY|
(3) BAD + BCD = BCD + DCM [1 bs I 2bs n‡Z]  ACB = ADB
ev, BAD = DCM ev, 2APB − 180 = 2AQB − 180 [(i) bs I (ii) bs n‡Z cvB]
1 1 ev, 2APB = 2AQB
ev, 2BAD = 2DCM  APB = AQB
1 GLb, APB Ges AQB †KvYØq
(4) wKš‘ DAP = 2BAD I [AP I CP h_vµ‡g
A, B we›`yØ‡qi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv
AB Gi GKB cvk¦©¯’ `yB we›`y P I Q  A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
G Drcbœ Ges mgvb|

œ 8  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë ABCD PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ
cÖk- GKBfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h, BAD +
n‡q‡Q| BCD = `yB mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ)
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn Ic‡ii Z_¨vewji wPÎ AuvK| 2 M.
A
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖ`Ë PZzf©yRwUi †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU D
wecixZ †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY| 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PZzf©yRwUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU evû ewa©Z
Ki‡j †h ewnt¯’ †KvY Drcbœ nq Zv wecixZ
AšÍt¯’ †Kv‡Yi mgvb| 4 B C
E
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©yRwUi BC evû‡K E
K. ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kivq ewnt¯’ DCE Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| ewnt¯’
B DCE-Gi AšÍt¯’ wecixZ BAD
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DCE = BAD
 cÖgvY :
O avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A C
D
(1) ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ Ges BAD I BCD
wP‡Î, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ ABCD PZzf©yRwU AuvKv n‡jv| PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY|
L. g‡b Kwi ABC Ges ADC PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY|  BAD + BCD = `yB [e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ
Avevi, BAD Ges BCD PZzf©yRwUi `yBwU wecixZ †KvY| mg‡KvY (i)
PZzf©y‡Ri `yB wecixZ
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY Ges †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB
BAD + BCD = `yB mg‡KvY|
mg‡KvY]
B
(2) DC iwk¥i cÖvšÍ we›`y C-†Z
y BE mij‡iLv wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
O d‡j, BCD Ges DCE
x mwbœwnZ †KvYØq Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|
A C
D  BCD + DCE = `yB mg‡KvY (ii) [GKB]
A¼b : O, A Ges O, C †hvM Kwi| (3) (i) bs Ges (ii) bs Zzjbv K‡i cvB,
cÖgvY : BAD + BCD = BCD + DCE
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, BAD = DCE [Dfqcÿ †_‡K mgvb
(1) g‡b Kwi, GKB Pvc ADC-Gi  DCE = BAD (cÖgvwYZ) †KvY ev` w`‡q]
Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ AOC = œ 9  ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
cÖk-
x Ges e„Ë¯’ ABC
K. ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„Ë¯’ n‡e Kx, e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
1
(2) ABC = 2 x [ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici L. hw` AC, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri BAD Gi mgwØLÊK
`Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, BC = CD 4
†Kv‡Yi A‡a©K] M. ABCD PZz f © y ‡ Ri AC I BD `y w U KY© | CAB I
(3) Avevi, g‡b Kwi, GKB Pvc ABC-Gi Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ CBA Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges DBA I
cÖe„× AOC = y Ges e„Ë¯’ †KvY ADC DAB-Gi mgwØLÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j
1 cÖgvY Ki †h, A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
(4) ADC = 2y [H GKB Kvi‡Y]
1 1
GLb, ABC + ADC = 2x + 2y K.
A
1
ev, ABC + ADC = 2 (x + y)(i) B
(5) O †K‡›`ª Drcbœ, x + y = 4 mg‡KvY [ y cÖe„× †KvY] 
(6) (i) bs †_‡K cvB,

1 D C
ABC + ADC =  4 mg‡KvY
2 ABCD PZzf©yRwU e„Ë¯’ n‡e| KviY Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv
 ABC + ADC = `yB mg‡KvY PZzf©y‡Ri `yBwU wecixZ †KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Zvi kxl©we›`y PviwU
mge„Ë nq|
L. AC, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK n‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BC = CD ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK Ges AC I
A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi| BD `yBwU KY©| CAB Ges CBA Gi mgwØLÊKØq
A B h_vµ‡g AP I BP ci¯úi P we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Avevi, DBA Ges DAB-Gi mgwØLÊKØq h_vµ‡g BQ

I AQ ci¯úi Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
C
A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë|
D
cÖgvY :
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq
(1) †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri
ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
 ABCD GKwU e„Ë¯’ PZzf©yR|
 A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| [ PZzf©y‡Ri `yB wecixZ
†KvY m¤ú~iK n‡j Gi (2) Avevi, BP, CBA-Gi mgwØLÊK|
1
kxl©we›`y PviwU mge„Ë]  ABP = 2CBA
(2) AC, BAD Gi mgwØLÊK [†Ìqv Av‡Q] Ges AP, CAB-Gi mgwØLÊK|
 BAC = DAC (i) 1
(3) GLb, GKB Pvc CD-Gi Ici  BAP = 2CAB
`Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ DAC Ges (3) GLb, ABP-Gi
ABP + BAP + APB = 180 [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
e„Ë¯’ DBC
 DAC = DBC [ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci
1 1 mgwó `yB mg‡KvY ev
ev, 2
CBA + CAB + APB
2 180]
Ici `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ = 180
†KvY¸‡jv mgvb] ev, CBA + CAB + 2APB = [Dfqcÿ‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
(4) Avevi, GKB Pvc BC-Gi Ici 360
`Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ BAC Ges ev, CBA + CAB + ACB + [Dfqc‡ÿ ACB †hvM
BDC 2APB = 360 + ACB K‡i]
 BAC = BDC (ii) [H GKB Kvi‡Y] ev, 180 + 2APB = 360 + [ABC Gi wZbwU
(5) myZivs, BDC = DBC [(2), (3) I 4 n‡Z] ACB †Kv‡Yi mgwó 180]
(6) A_©vr BCD-Gi, ev, 2APB = 180 + ACB
BDC = DBC  ACB = 2APB − 180 (i)
 BC = CD (cÖgvwYZ) [ wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb (4) Abyiƒcfv‡e, ADB =
†Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûØq 2AQB − 180(ii)
ci¯úi mgvb] (5) wKš‘, ACB Ges ADB
M. DfqB AB Pv‡ci Ici
A `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY| [(i) bs I (ii) bs n‡Z]
 ACB = ADB
D ev, 2APB − 180 = 2AQB − 180
Q
 ev, 2APB = 2AQB
P
 APB = AQB
(6) GLb, APB Ges AQB †KvYØq A, B we›`yØ‡qi ms‡hvRK
C
B mij‡iLv AB Gi GKB cvk¦©¯’ `yB we›`y P I Q-G Drcbœ Ges
mgvb|
 A, Q, P, B we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 10  wkÿK beg †kªwYi MwY‡Zi K¬v‡m eø¨vK‡ev‡W© P, Q, R, S K. Z_¨mg~n wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
cÖk- 2
Ggb PviwU we›`y wb‡jb †hb †m¸‡jv O we›`y †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x nq| L. R¨vwgwZK hyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖgvY Ki †h, PZzf©yRwUi wecixZ
AZtci we›`y¸‡jv ch©vqµ‡g †hvM K‡i GKwU PZzf©yR MVb Ki‡jb †KvY¸‡jv m¤ú~iK| 4
†hwU †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿÎ bq| P I R we›`yi ms‡hvRK KY©wU QPS M. R¨vwgwZK hyw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖgvY Ki †h, Q I S we›`y `yBwU R
†KvY‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x| 4
A b yk xj b x 8 .4
 e„‡Ëi †Q`K I ¯úk©K  mvaviY ¯úk©K :
mgZ‡j GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi cvi¯úwiK Ae¯’vb we‡ePbv GKwU mij‡iLv hw` `yBwU e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K nq, Z‡e Zv‡K e„Ë
Kwi| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi wP‡Îi cÖ`Ë wZbwU m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q : `yBwUi GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K ejv nq| wb‡Pi K I L wPÎ
(K) e„Ë I mij‡iLvi †Kv‡bv mvaviY we›`y †bB, (L) `ywU‡Z AB Dfq e„‡Ëi mvaviY ¯úk©K| wPÎ-K I wPÎ L G
mij‡iLvwU e„Ë‡K `yBwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q, (M) mij‡iLvwU ¯úk©we›`y GKB| wPÎ M I wPÎ N G ¯úk©we›`y wfbœ wfbœ|
e„Ë‡K GKwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|
(i) (ii) (iii) `yBwU e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv mvaviY ¯úk©‡Ki ¯úk©we›`y `yBwU wfbœ n‡j
mgZ‡j GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi me©vwaK `yBwU †Q`we›`y ¯úk©KwU‡K (K) mij mvaviY ¯úk©K ejv nq hw` e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ªØq
_vK‡Z cv‡i| mgZj¯’ GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi hw` ¯úk©‡Ki GKB cv‡k¦© _v‡K Ges (L) wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K ejv nq
`yBwU †Q`we›`y _v‡K Z‡e †iLvwU‡K e„ËwUi GKwU †Q`K ejv hw` e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ªØq ¯úk©‡Ki wecixZ cv‡k¦© _v‡K|
nq Ges hw` GKwU I †Kej GKwU mvaviY we›`y _v‡K Z‡e wPÎ-M G ¯úk©KwU mij mvaviY ¯úk©K Ges wPÎ-N G ¯úk©KwU
†iLvwU‡K e„ËwUi GKwU ¯úk©K ejv nq| Dc‡ii wP‡Î K G e„Ë I wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K|
PQ mij‡iLvi †Kv‡bv mvaviY we›`y †bB, wPÎ-L G PQ mij‡iLvwU
e„Ë‡K A I B `yBwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q Ges wPÎ M G PQ
mij‡iLvwU e„Ë‡K A we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PQ e„ËwUi ¯úk©K
I A GB ¯úk©‡Ki ¯úk©we›`y|
gšÍe¨ : e„‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨K †Q`‡Ki †Q`we›`yØ‡qi AšÍe©Zx© mKj
we›`y e„ËwUi Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K| (N)

cÖkœ \ 1 \ O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y P †_‡K nIqvq, PAO = PBO [GK mg‡KvY]
e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki †h, OP mij‡iLv ¯úk©-R¨v (2) APO I BPO mg‡KvYx wÎfzR
Gi j¤^wØLÊK| `yBwUi g‡a¨ AP = BP
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ [ ewnt¯’ we›`y n‡Z
†Kv‡bv we›`y P †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq mgvb]
Ges AO = BO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨mva©
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP mij‡iLv ¯úk©-R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
OP mvaviY evû
A
e‡j]
AZGe, wÎfzRØq me©mg|
P O C  AOP = BOP
E
(3) GLb, AOE I BOE Gi g‡a¨
B AO = BO
OE mvaviY evû [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges P ewnt¯’ we›`y| P
†_‡K AP Ges BP `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| A I B Ges O I P †hvM Kiv Ges AšÍfy©³ AOE = AšÍfy©³ e‡j]
n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP, AB ¯úk©-R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK| BOE
A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|  wÎfzRØq me©mg|
cÖgvY : (4) AZGe, AE = BE
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) OA Ges OB ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© Ges AEO = BEO
(5) wKšÍz †KvY `ywU mwbœwnZ e‡j cÖwZwU GK mg‡KvY|
GK mg‡KvY| AZGe, OD, AB Gi Ici j¤^|
 OE, AB Gi Dci j¤^| (2) GLb, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª, OD, AB
OE Ges OP GKB mij‡iLv nIqvq OP,
R¨v-Gi Ici j¤^|
myZivs, OD, AB †K mgwØLwÊZ [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z
AB Gi j¤^-wØLÊK| [cÖgvwYZ] †Kv‡bv R¨v‡qi Ici
K‡i|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ †Ìqv Av‡Q, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges PA I PB ¯úk©KØq A_©vr, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
e„Ë‡K h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki †h, PO, [cÖ gvwYZ] mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| cÖkœ \ 4 \ AB †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges BC e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb GKwU
mgvavb : R¨v| hw` A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
B nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, ACD GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
mgvavb :
A
P O D
A
O
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ P we›`y †_‡K C

Aw¼Z PA I PB ¯úk©KØq e„Ë‡K h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
K‡i‡Q| P, O †hvM Kiv n‡jv| B
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PO, APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi e¨vm AB Ges BC
A_©vr, APO = BPO e¨vmva© OB A_ev OA Gi mgvb| A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq
A¼b : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi| ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖgvY : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ACD GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
avcmg~n h_v_©ZvA¼b : C, O Ges A, C †hvM Kwi|
(1) APO I BPO Gi g‡a¨ cÖgvY :
AP = BP [ewnt¯’ we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
¯úk©KØq mgvb] (1) AB e¨vm nIqvq,
OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] ACB Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY|
Ges OP = OP [evû mvaviY] myZivs ACB = 90 [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GKmg‡KvY]
AZGe, APO  BPO [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨] (2) Avevi, BCO G, [e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb
 APO = BPO BO = BC = CO e‡j]
A_©vr, PO, APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| [cÖgvwYZ]  BCO GKwU mgevû wÎfzR,
cÖkœ \ 3 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU e„Ë GK‡Kw›`ªK n‡j Ges e„nËi Ges BCO = 60
e„ËwUi †Kv‡bv R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j D³ R¨v ¯úk©we›`y‡Z (3) Zvn‡j, ACO = 90 − 60 = 30 [ GKB e„‡Ëi
mgwØLwÊZ nq| (4) GLb AO = CO e¨vmva©]
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : `yBwU e„Ë GK‡Kw›`ªK n‡j Ges e„nËi  CAO = ACO = 30
e„ËwUi †Kv‡bv R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j D³ R¨v ¯úk©we›`y‡Z (5) AD ¯úk©K Ges OA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx
mgwØLwÊZ nq| e¨vmva© nIqvq, DAO = 90
myZivs, DAC = DAO − CAO
F = 90 − 30 = 60
E
C GKB Kvi‡Y, DCO = 90
O AZGe, ACD = DCO − ACO
= 90 − 30 = 60
A B (6) myZivs, ACD G, DAC = ACD
D
= 60 n‡j ADC = 60 n‡e|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB e„nËi AZGe, ACD mgevny| [cÖgvwYZ]
e„‡Ëi R¨v| AB R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K D we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY
cÖkœ \ 5 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi cwiwjwLZ PZzfz©‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
`yBwU wecixZ evû †K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY aviY K‡i, Zviv ci¯úi
A¼b : O,A; O, B Ges O, D †hvM Kwi|
m¤ú~iK|
cÖgvY :
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi cwiwjwLZ PZzfz‡R©i
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
†h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ evû †K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY aviY K‡i Zviv
(1) AB, DEF e„‡Ëi D we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K Ges
ci¯úi m¤ú~iK|
OD ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| [A¼bvbymv‡i]
 ODB = GK mg‡KvY
ADO mwbœwnZ nIqvq ADO =
D
S
C
 AOP  AOQ [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨]
 AOP = AOQ  (i)
(2) Giƒcfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h,
Q R POB = ROB  (ii)
O
COR = COS  (iii)
Ges DOQ = DOS  (iv)
A
P
B
(3) GLb, AOB + BOC + COD + AOD = 4 mg‡KvY
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzfz©RwU O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ev, AOB + BOR + COR + COD + AOQ +
cwiwjwLZ| PZzfz©‡Ri AB I CD wecixZ evû `yBwU †K‡›`ª AOB DOQ = 4 mg‡KvY
I COD Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOB + COD ev, AOB + POB + COS + COD + AOP + DOS
= 2 mg‡KvY| = 4 mg‡KvY
A¼b : O, S; O, Q; O, R Ges O, P †hvM Kwi| ev, AOB + (POB + AOP) + (COS + DOS) +
cÖgvY : COD = 4 mg‡KvY
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, AOB + COD + AOB + COD = 4 mg‡KvY
(1) AOP I AOQ Gi g‡a¨, ev, 2(AOB + COD) = 4 mg‡KvY
AP = AQ ev, AOB + COD = 2 mg‡KvY
OP = OQ [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OA mvaviY evû  †KvYØq ci¯úi m¤ú~iK| [cÖgvwYZ]

1. 2.
A P
P R
O O
Q
B
wP‡Î PA I PB `yBwU m¤úK© n‡j− wP‡Î PR I QR m¤úK© n‡j−
i. OA = OB i. PR = QR
ii. OAP = 1 mg‡KvY ii. OPR = 90
iii. PA = PB iii. PRO = QRO
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

7.
†m.wg. I 5 †m.wg. e¨vmv‡a©i `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi
7
84 : e„‡Ëi †Q`K I ¯úk©K AšÍt¯’fv‡e ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡ì †K›`ªØ‡qi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi n‡e? (mnR)
 2 †m.wg. L 4 †m.wg. M 8 †m.wg. N 10 †m.wg.
3. GKwU mij‡iLv GKwU e„Ë‡K m‡e©v”P KqwU we›`y‡Z †Q` 8. e„‡Ëi cÖ‡Z¨K †Q`‡Ki †Q`we›`yØ‡qi AšÍe©Zx mKj we›`y
Ki‡Z cv‡i? (mnR)
e„ËwUi †Kv_vq _v‡K? (mnR)
K1 2 M3 N AmsL¨
 Af¨šÍ‡i L ewnf©v‡M M Dc‡i N wb‡P
4. mgZj¯’ GKwU e„Ë I mij‡iLvi hw` `yBwU †Q`we›`y _v‡K, 9. GKwU mij‡iLv hw` `yBwU e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K nq, Z‡e Zv‡K e„Ë
Z‡e †iLvwU‡K e„ËwUi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
`yBwUi Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
K ¯úk©K  †Q`K M †Q`we›`y N ¯úk©we›`y
K ¯úk©K  mvaviY ¯úk©K
5. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi I PQ †iLvi mvaviY we›`y A n‡j, PQ
e„ËwUi Kx? (mnR) M wZh©K ¯úk©K N wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K
K mvaviY †iLv  ¯úk©K M R¨v N e¨vm 10. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØq ¯úk©‡Ki GKB cv‡k¦© _vK‡j Zv‡K Kx
6. GKwU mij‡iLv e„Ë‡K KqwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i? (mnR) e‡j? (mnR)
1 L2 M3 N4 K ¯úk©K L mvaviY ¯úk©K
 mij mvaviY ¯úk©K N wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K
11. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØq ¯úk©‡Ki wecixZ cv‡k¦© _vK‡j, Zv‡K Kx iii. e„Ë I mij‡iLvi mvaviY we›`y bv _vK‡j mij‡iLvwU
e‡j? (mnR) e„ËwUi wfZ‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i
 wZh©K mvaviY ¯úk©K L wZh©K ¯úk©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
M mij mvaviY ¯úk©K N ¯úk©K  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
12. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K I ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i gaëZ©x 22. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi−
†Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? (mnR) i. †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKwU gvÎ ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq
K 45  L 60   90  N 100  ii. ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ †K›`ªMvgx
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^| iii. †K›`ª †_‡K Gi †Kv‡bv ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ ¯úk©
13. †h‡Kv‡bv `ywU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª ¯úk©‡Ki wecixZ cv‡k _vK‡j, we›`y w`‡q hvq
Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K AšÍt¯úk©  ewnt¯úk© M ga¨¯úk© N mvaviY ¯úk© K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
14. `yBwU AšÍt¯’ e„‡Ëi e¨vm h_vµ‡g 8 †mwg. I 4 †m.wg. n‡j 23. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi evB‡i P GKwU we›`y| P †_‡K e„‡Ë
e„ËØ‡qi †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) Aw¼Z `yBwU ¯úk©K PA Ges PB O, A; O, B; O, P †hvM Kiv
2 L4 M8 N 12 n‡j−
15. wP‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi ¯úk© n‡q‡Q? (ga¨g)
i. AOP  BOP ii. PA = PB

AšÍt¯úk© L ewnt¯úk© iii. AOP = BOP Ges APO = BPO
M mvaviY ¯úk©K N ga¨ ¯úk©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
16. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K A¼b Kiv hvq? (mnR) Ki L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
1 L2 M3 N4 24. A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq O we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PQ e„Ë
17. `yBwUi mvaviY ¯úk©K−
B P P
O O
P A B O B A
C
A Q Q
PA I PB ¯úk©K n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) i. AO ⊥ PQ ii. BO ⊥ PQ
K1 2 M3 N4 iii. A, O, B we›`y
wZbwU mg‡iL
e¨vL¨v : PA = PB ev, 4x + 3 = 2x + 7 ev, 4x − 2x = 7 − 3  x = 2
18. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvb‡j, H K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`yØ‡qi `~iZ¡− (mnR) 25. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
 mgvb L wØ¸Y M eo N †QvU i. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j, ¯úk©we›`y Qvov
19. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y ch©šÍ `~iZ¡‡K Kx e‡j? e„‡Ëi Ab¨ mKj we›`y Aci e„‡Ëi evB‡i _vK‡e
K e¨vm L R¨v  e¨vmva© N ¯úk©K ii. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j, ¯úk©we›`y Qvov
20. (mnR) †QvU e„‡Ëi Ab¨ mKj we›`y eo e„ËwUi ewnf©v‡M _vK‡e
iii. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j, †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡
e„ËØ‡qi e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb
O
T
P 26.
P
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë PT ¯úk©K Ges OT ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
OT = 10, OP = 15 n‡j, PT = KZ GKK? (ga¨g) A O B
5 5 L6 5 M7 5 N8 5
e¨vL¨v : PT = OP2 − OT2 = (15)2− 102 = 125 = 5 5 GKK| Q
A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
PQ e„Ë `ywUi mvaviY ¯úk©K n‡j−
21. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : i. AO = PQ
i. mgZ‡j GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mij‡iLvi me©vwaK `yBwU ii. POA + POB = GK mij‡KvY
†Q`we›`y _vK‡Z cv‡i iii. A, O I B we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL
ii. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØq mij mvaviY ¯úk©‡Ki GKB cv‡k _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
B
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : P O
M N

A A
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë ewn:¯’ P we›`y †_‡K `ywU ¯úk©K PA I PB|
33. PAO = Gi cwigvY KZ? (mnR)
27. wP‡Î M I N †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq A we›`y‡Z AšÍ:¯úk© Ki‡j K 45 L 60  90 N 180
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 34. x Gi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g)
K MN = MA+NA  MN = MA − NA K4 L3 M2 1
M MA = NA N MN − MA = AN 35. PB Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
28. A †_‡K M I N Gi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g 4 I 3 †m.wg. n‡j MN = K2 L4 5 N6
KZ †m.wg.? (mnR) 36. OP Gi ˆ`N©¨ †KvYwU? (ga¨g)
1 L3 M4 N7 K9 L4 M 32  34
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 − 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : OBP mg‡KvYx
B  OP2 = OB2 + PB2 = 52 + 32  OP = 34
P
P O
C
A O
A B
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi PA, PB `yBwU ¯úk©K|
29. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K PA = PO  PA = PB
M OP = OA N OP = OB Q
30. PAO = KZ? (mnR) 37. e„Ë `yBwUi mvaviY ¯úk©K wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 60 L 80  90 N 100 K AB  PQ M OA N OB
31. PAO + PBO-Gi cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g) 38. POB Gi cwigvc KZ? (mnR)
K 90  180 M 120 N 360 K 60  90 M 180 N 150
32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 39. POA + QOB Gi cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g)
 OA = OB L OP = OB K 90 L 100  180 N 360
M AC = BC N PA = OB 40. AOB = KZ? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : AOB = GK mij †KvY = 180

41. GKwU e„Ë I H e„‡Ëi ¯úk©‡Ki KqwU mvaviY we›`y _v‡K? 47. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv e¨vmv‡a©i cÖvšÍ we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z j¤^ H we›`y‡Z
K0 1 M2 N AmsL¨ e„‡Ëi Kx n‡e?
42. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq? K R¨v L Pvc M e¨vm  ¯úk©K
1 L2 M3 N4 48. `yBwU e„Ë AšÍt¯’fv‡e ci¯úi‡K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì
43. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K H e„‡Ë KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv e¨vmva©Øq 7 Ges 5 †m.wg. n‡j, †K›`ªØ‡qi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ
hv‡e? †m.wg.?
K1 2 M3 N AmsL¨ K 12 L8 M4 2
44. `yBwU e„Ë ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡ì ¯úk© we›`y‡Z mij mvaviY 49. †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K n‡j Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y
¯úk©K AuvKv hv‡e? _vK‡e KqwU?
 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N AmsL¨ 1 L2 M3 N4
45. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ n‡e− 50. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
K e„Ë `yBwUi e¨v‡mi mgvb †KvbwU?
L eo e„‡Ëi e¨v‡mi mgvb K mgvšÍivj  j¤^ M mgvb N mgvbycvwZK
M e„ËØ‡qi e¨vmv‡a©i mgwói mgvb 51. `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ e¨vmv‡a©i mgwói mgvb n‡j
 e„ËØ‡qi e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb e„ËØ‡qi cÖK…wZ wKiƒc?
46. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K I ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i gaëZ©x K mgvb n‡e L AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡e
†Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ?  ewnt¯úk© Ki‡e N †Q` Ki‡e
K 45 L 60  90 N 100 52. ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici j¤^ wb‡Pi †KvbwU w`‡q hvq?
K R¨v  †K›`ª M †Q`K N ¯úk© †iLvsk
A
53. O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë PA I PB ¯úk©K Ges AB R¨v n‡j,
M
APB †KvY ai‡bi wÎfzR? C O P
K mg‡KvYx L mgevû  mgwØevû N welg evû B
54. GKwU e„‡Ë ci¯úi j¤^ KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq? 59. AOB = 120 n‡j APO Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K1 2 M3 N4  30 L 60 M 180 N 240
55. 60. AM = 5 cm Ges PB = 13 cm n‡j PM Gi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi
A
†KvbwU?
O 130 P  12 cm L 18 cm M 21 cm N 144 cm
61. AOB + APB Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
B K 60 L 120  180 N 300
wP‡Î APB Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 62 I 63 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 30 L 40  50 N 60
56. `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j, †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ A
e„ËØ‡qi− O P
i. e¨vmv‡a©i mgwói mgvb ii. e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb
iii. e¨vmv‡a©i e‡M©i mgwói mgvb B
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 62. †KvbwU ¯úk© R¨v-
K OA L AP M OP  AB
i L i I ii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
63. OP = 13 †m.wg. AP = 12 †m.wg., n‡j e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ
57. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : †m.wg.?
i. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z GKvwaK ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq
5 L 25 M 313 N 313
ii. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª cÖ‡Z¨K e¨v‡mi ga¨we›`y
iii. †Kv‡bv Pvc Aa©e„Ë n‡j Zvi wWMÖxi cwigvc 180
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 64 − 66 bs cÖ ‡ kœ i DËi `vI :
A
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
P O
58.
B
A
O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ P we›`y n‡Z PA I PB ¯úk©K
O P Uvbv n‡jv|
B 64. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wP‡Î PA I PB ¯úk©K n‡j−  PA = PB L OP = OA
M OP = OB N OP = PB = PO
i. PA = PB ii. PBO = 90
iii. APO = POB 65. OPA wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvb?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K OAP  OPB M AOP N BOP
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 66. OAP + OBP Gi cwigvc KZ?

œ 1  `ywU mge¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †K›`ª A I B Ges CD Zv‡ì
cÖk- we‡kl wbe©Pb : A, B †K›`ª I GKB e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi CD
mvaviY ¯úk©K| GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K| ¯úk© we›`y C Ges D| C, A; D, B; A, B
K. DÏxcK Abymv‡i wPwýZ wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABDC GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
L. DÏxc‡Ki e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I ¯úk© we›`y hy³ K‡i Aw¼Z cÖgvY :
PZzf©yRwU GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ, cÖgvY Ki| 4 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
M. D³ e„Ë `yBwU ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j †`LvI †h, (1) CA ⊥ AB, [ A = 90]
¯úk© we›`y I †K›`ªØq mg‡iL| 4 Ges DB ⊥ AB, [GKB Kvi‡Y]
(2) GLb, ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿ‡Î, [†h‡nZz mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A = D ...............(i) wecixZ †KvYØq ci¯úi
K. Ges B = C ...........(ii) mgvb]
C D
(3) A + D = 180 [ e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ PZzf©y‡Ri
A B
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
GLv‡b A, B †K›`ª wewkó mge¨vmv‡a©i `yBwU e„Ë, CD Zv‡ì ev, D + D = 180
[(i) bs †_‡K A = D]
mvaviY ¯úk©K| ev, 2D = 180
L. ev, D = 90
C D Abyiƒcfv‡e, C = 90
A B
 A = B = C = D = 90
ABCD PZzf©yRwU GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ| (cÖgvwYZ)
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, A Ges B †K›`ª wewkó `yBwU e„Ë cÖgvY :
ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ewnt¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
O, B we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| (1) POA = 90 ev GK mg‡KvY| [ A †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë
P AO ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©
A 
O A  Ges POQ ¯úk©K|
(2) Abyiƒcfv‡e, POB = 90 ev GK mg‡KvY|
Q  Abyiƒcfv‡e, POB = 90 ev GK mg‡KvY|
A¼b : †h‡nZz e„ËØq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ewnt¯úk© K‡i‡Q|  POA + POB = 90 + 90 = 180
myZivs O we›`y‡Z Zv‡ì GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K _vK‡e| GLb O  AOB = 180 A_©vr GK mg‡KvY|
we›`y‡Z mvaviY ¯úk©K POQ A¼b Kwi| O, A Ges O, B  A, O, B we›`yÎq mg‡iL| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
†hvM Kwi|

œ 2  A Ges B †K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
cÖk- [ e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
K‡i| mv‡_ j¤^]
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨vewji wPÎ AuvK| 2 Avevi, PQ, B †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K Ges OB
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, A, B Ges O we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| 4 ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
M. †`LvI †h, `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K AšÍt¯úk© Ki‡j,  PQ ⊥ OB A_©vr POB = 1 [mg‡KvY] (ii)
†K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ e„ËØ‡qi e¨vmv‡a©i AšÍ‡ii mgvb| 4 wPÎ-1 : (i) bs I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  POA + POB = 1 mg‡KvY + 1 mg‡KvY
K.  POA + POB = 2 mg‡KvY

P P wKš‘ Giv mwbœwnZ †KvY|
 †KvYØ‡qi ewnt¯’ evû OA Ges OB GKB mij‡iLvq
B Aew¯’Z|
A 
B O A 
O A_©vr, A, B, O GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|

wPÎ-2 : POQ †iLvi O we›`y‡Z OB Ges OA j¤^| wKš‘
GKwU †iLvi GKwU we›`y‡Z GKvwaK j¤^ AuvKv m¤¢e bq| ZvB
Q Q
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 AO Ges BO GKB †iLv n‡e|
wP‡Î, A Ges B †K›`ªwewkó `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z A_©vr A, B, O mg‡iL|
ewnt¯úk© (wPÎ-1) Ges AšÍt¯úk© (wPÎ-2) K‡i‡Q| myZivs Dfq‡ÿ‡Î A, B Ges O GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z A_©vr
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, B Ges O we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| A, B, O mg‡iL|
A¼b : †h‡nZz e„ËØq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q, myZivs myZivs Dfq‡ÿ‡Î A, B Ges O GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z A_©vr
O we›`y‡Z Zv‡ì GKwU mvaviY ¯úk©K _vK‡e| GLb O we›`y‡Z A, B Ges O mg‡iL| (cÖgvwYZ)
mvaviY ¯úk©K POQ A¼b Kwi Ges O, A I O, B †hvM Kwi| M. Abywm×všÍ-2 Gi mgvav‡bi Abyiƒc|
cÖgvY: PQ, A †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi O we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K Ges OA
¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
 PQ ⊥ OA A_©vr POA = 1 mg‡KvY (i)

œ 3  ABC GKwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| P e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y
Ges P n‡Z e„‡Ëi Ici PA I PB `ywU ¯úk©K A¼b Kiv n‡jv| K.
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv‡K R¨vwgwZK
wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, PA = PB 4
1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, APO = 2 APB 4
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC| GB e„‡Ëi evB‡i œ 4  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y P| PA I
cÖk-
GKwU we›`y P †Ìqv Av‡Q| P n‡Z ABC e„‡Ëi Ici PA I PB e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K|
PB `yBwU ¯úk©K AsKb Kiv n‡jv| K. msw¶ß weeiYmn wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PB L. cÖgvY Ki †h, OP, ¯úk© R¨v Gi j¤^wØLÊK| 4
A¼b : O, A; O, B Ges O, P †hvM Kwi| M. cÖgvY Ki †h, OP, APB Gi mgwØLÊK| 4
avcmg~n : h_v_©Zv
K. O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K `ywU ¯úk©K
(1) e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PA GKwU
PA I PB e„Ë‡K h_vµ‡g A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| O, P;
¯úk©K Ges OA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx
A, B; O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
e¨vmva©| A
 OA ⊥ PA A_©vr OAP = GK
D
mg‡KvY| [†h‡nZz e„‡Ëi †h‡Kv‡bv C O P
(2) Avevi, e„‡Ëi B we›`y‡Z PB GKwU we›`yi Dci Aw¼Z ¯úk©K

B
¯úk©K Ges OB ¯úk©we›`yMvgx ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i L. †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K PA I PB `ywU ¯úk©K|
e¨vmva©| Dci j¤^]  PA = PB
 OB ⊥ PB A_©vr OBP = A¼b : O, A; O, B; A, B Ges O, P †hvM Kwi|
GK mg‡KvY| [GKB Kvi‡Y] cÖgvY :
(3) GLb, mg‡KvYx PAO Ges avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) POA I POB-G
PBO G
PA = PB,
AwZfzR PO = AwZfzR PO OA = OB [ GKB e„‡Ëi
Ges OA = OB [†h‡nZz GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 PAO  PBO
e¨vmva©] Ges OP = OP [mvaviY evû]
[†h‡nZz mg‡KvYx  AOP = BOP
wÎfzRØ‡qi AwZfzR Ges A_©vr AOD = BOD  (i)
 PA = PB (cÖgvwYZ)
Aci GKwU Abyiƒc evû (2) GLb, AOD I BOD-G,
ci¯úi mgvb] OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
OD = OD
M. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K Aw¼Z `yBwU ¯úk©K [mvaviY evû]
Ges AšÍfz©³ AOD = AšÍfz©³
PA I PB e„Ë‡K h_vµ‡g B we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PO, e„‡Ëi [(i) †_‡K]
BOD
†K›`ª O Ges ewn¯’ P we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z  AOD  BOD
1
n‡e †h, APO = 2 APB (3) myZivs AD = BD Ges ADO = BDO
A¼b : P, O; O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi| †h‡nZz †KvY `ywU îwLK hyMj †KvY Ges
G‡ì cwigvY mgvb, myZivs Giv
cÖgvY :
cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY|
avcmg~n : h_v_©Zv
 OP †iLv AB †iLvs‡ki j¤^wØLÊK
(1) e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y P †_‡K PA
A_©vr OP †iLv, ¯úk© R¨v AB-Gi
Ges PB `ywU ¯úk©K|
j¤^wØLÊK| (cÖgvwYZ)
 PA = PB [†h‡nZz e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ we›`y
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP, APB Gi
†_‡K ¯úk© we›`yØ‡qi `~iZ¡ mgwØLÊK|
mgvb] cÖgvY :
(2) GLb, OAP Ges OBP-G
PA = PB; avcmg~n
OA = OB (1) e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PA ¯úk©K Ges
[†h‡nZz GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
OA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
e‡j]
OP = OP [mvaviY evû]  PA⊥OA A_©vr OAP = GK mg‡KvY|
 P  P [evû-evû-evû-Dccv`¨]  AOP mg‡KvYx|
myZivs APO = BPO (2) e„‡Ëi B we›`y‡Z PB ¯úk©K Ges OB
A_©vr OP, APB †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© nIqvq
1 PB ⊥ OB A_©vr OBP = GK mg‡KvY|
myZivs APO = 2 APB (cÖgvwYZ)  BOP mg‡KvYx|
[GKB e„‡Ëi
(3) AOP Ges BOP mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi e¨vmva© e‡j]
g‡a¨ [KviY `ywU mg‡KvYx †KvYØq ci¯úi mgvb]
OA = OB wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzRØq (4) ACD-Gi
Ges AwZfzR OP Dfq wÎfz‡Ri mvaviY evû| mgvb n‡j Ges GKwU ACD + CAD + ADC = 180 [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi
 AOP  BOP GK evû AciwUi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY ev
myZivs APO = BPO Abyiƒc evûi mgvb ev, 60  + 60  + ADC = 180  180 Gi mgvb]
A_©vr PO, APB †K mgwØLÊK| n‡j wÎfzRØq me©mg 
ev, ADC = 180 − 120  [(ii) Ges (iii) bs †_‡K]
[cÖgvwYZ] nq]  ADC = 60 (iv)
(5) (2) bs (3) bs Ges (4) bs †_‡K
œ 5  AB †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges BC e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb GKwU
cÖk-
†`Lv hv‡”Q †h, ACD Gi cÖwZwU
R¨v| A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©KØq ci¯úi D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
†KvY 60
n‡q‡Q|
(6) †h‡nZz cÖwZwU †KvY mgvb †m‡nZz
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 cÖwZwU †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûI mgvb
L. A, C †hvM Ki| cÖgvY Ki †h, ACD mgevû| 4 A_©vr CD = AD = AC
M. e„‡Ë mgevû ACD AšÍwj©wLZ n‡j †`LvI †h,  ACD GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| (cÖgvwYZ)
wÎfzRwUi kxl©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K¸‡jv Aci GKwU mgevû M.
wÎfzR MVb K‡i| 4 A Q
P
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  
O
K. D C
A
O R
†K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ ADC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
O
B
A, D I C we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g PQ, PR Ges RQ ¯úk©K|
D C ¯úk©KÎq PQR wÎfzR MVb K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQR
wP‡Î, AB GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges BC e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
GKwU R¨v| e„ËwUi †K›`ª O| e„‡Ëi A I C we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z cÖgvY :
¯úk©KØq D we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
(1) mgevû ADC-G,
L. A, C †hvM Kivq ACD wÎfzR Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e
†h, ACD mgevû| ADC = DCA = DAC = 60
e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z PQ ¯úk©K Ges AD ¯úk©we›`yMvgx R¨v|
A  PAD = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ ACD = 60
O
(2) D we›`y‡Z PR ¯úk©K Ges DA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx R¨v|
B  PDA = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ ACD = 60
D C (3) PAD-G, P + PAD + PDA = 180
A¼b : O, C †hvM Kwi| [ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
cÖgvY: ev, P + 60 + 60 = 180
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 P = 60
(1) OBC-G,
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] (4) QAC n‡Z cÖgvY Kiv hvq, Q = 60
OB = OC
Ges BC = OB [†Ìqv Av‡Q R¨v BC Ges RDC n‡Z cÖgvY Kiv hvq, R = 60
 OB = BC = OC e„ËwUi e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb] GLb PQR-G P = Q = R = 60
A_©vr OBC mgevû| AZGe, PQR mgevû wÎfzR| (cÖgvwYZ)
OBC = OCB = BOC = 60
œ 6  A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|
mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖk-
 ABC = 60 [
(2) A we›`y‡Z AD GKwU ¯úk©K Ges cÖwZwU †KvY 60] K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎ AuvK| 2
AC ¯úk© we›`yMvgx R¨v| L. C we›`yMvgx mij‡iLv e„Ë `yBwU‡Z h_vµ‡g P I Q
 DAC = ABC we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AP || BQ 4
[GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk †KvY
 DAC = 60 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, D³ e„ËØ‡qi †K‡›`ªi `~iZ¡ n‡e
(3) D we›`y n‡Z AD Ges DC
e‡j]
Zv‡ì e¨vmva©Ø‡qi mgwó ev Zv‡ì e¨vmva©Ø‡qi
e„‡Ëi `ywU ¯úk©K e‡j AD = DC AšÍ‡ii mgvb| 4
myZivs ADC-G AD = DC  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 ACD = DAC = 60 [ wÎfz‡Ri mgvb
mgvb evûi wecixZ K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎ AuvKv n‡jv|
P AB = AC + BC
A B B  e„ËØ‡qi †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = Zv‡ì e¨vmv‡a©i mgwó|

 
Avevi, AšÍt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, (wPÎ-L)



C A C
Q Q AB = AC − BC
P
wPÎ-1
wPÎ-2 A_©vr e„ËØ‡qi †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = Zv‡ì e¨vmva©Ø‡qi AšÍi| (cÖgvwYZ)
L. C we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z PQ mij‡iLv e„Ë `ywU‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z cÖk- œ 7  A I B †K›`ªwewkó `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z ewnt¯úk©
†Q` K‡i‡Q| A, P Ges B, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv| K‡i‡Q|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AP || BQ
P K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i, e„Ë `ywUi wPÎ AuvK| 2
B
L. cÖ gvY Ki †h, A, O Ges B we›`y wZbwU mg‡iL| 4
A B
C A C M. Dch©y³ e„Ë `ywU GK‡Kw›`ªK n‡j Ges e„nËi e„ËwUi
Q Q †Kv‡bv R¨v ¶z`ªZi e„ËwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki
P
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 †h, D³ R¨v ¯úk© we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ nq| 4
A¼b : A, C; B, C †hvM Kwi|  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
(1) A †Kw›`ªK I B †Kw›`ªK e„ËØq K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i, e„Ë `ywUi wPÎ AuvKv n‡jv|
P
ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
K‡i‡Q|
O
 A, B, C mg‡iL| [ `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi ¯úk©
A

B

Ki‡j, Zv‡ì †K›`ªØq I ¯úk©

we›`y mg‡iL nq]
(2) GLb PAC-G, AP = AC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©] Q
 ACP = APC [ wÎfz ‡ Ri mgvb mgvb L. cvV¨ eB‡qi Dccv`¨-11 †`L|
evûØ‡qi wecixZ †KvYØq
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I PQR e„Ë `ywUi †K›`ª O
ci¯úi mgvb]
Ges ABC e„ËwU e„nËi| ABC e„‡Ëi AB R¨v PQR e„Ë‡K P
Z`ªæc, BCQ = BQC [wPÎ-1 Gi †ÿ‡Î mvaviY
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB R¨vwU ¯úk©we›`y
†KvY Ges wPÎ-2 Gi †ÿ‡Î
P †Z mgwØLwÊZ n‡q‡Q|
wecÖZxc †KvY]
(3) myZivs, ACP = BCQ C
[ ACP = APC Ges
ev, APC = BQC BCQ = BQC]
R

O Q
[wKš‘ Giv wPÎ-1 Gi A B
 AP || BQ (cÖgvwYZ) †ÿ‡Î Abyiƒc Ges wPÎ- P
2Gi †ÿ‡Î GKvšÍi †KvY A¼b : O, P †hvM Kwi|

hv‡ì †Q`K PQ] cÖgvY :
M. avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) O †K›`ªwewkó PQR e„‡Ëi
P we›`y‡Z AB ¯úk©K Ges
A C B

C

AB OP ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| [A¼bvbymv‡i]

 OP ⊥ AB [ e„ ‡ Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y ‡Z Aw¼Z
wPÎ-K wPÎ-L ¯úk©K ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
A Ges B †K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
Ici j¤^]
(AšÍ:¯úk©, wPÎ-K Ges ewn:¯úk© wPÎ-L) K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ewnt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, Zv‡ì †K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = (2) O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi
[1bs n‡Z]
Zv‡ì e¨vmv‡a©i mgwó Ges AšÍt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, Zv‡ì AB R¨v‡qi Ici OP j¤^|
[e„‡Ëi †K›`ª n‡Z †Kv‡bv
†K›`ªØ‡qi `~iZ¡ = Zv‡ì e¨vmva©Ø‡qi AšÍi|  AP = BP
R¨v‡qi Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ H
A¼b : A, C Ges B, C †hvM Kwi|  P, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|
cÖgvY : Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡ì †K›`ªØq I R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
[cÖgvwYZ]
¯úk©we›`y mg‡iL nq|
GLb, †h‡nZz A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq C we›`y‡Z ¯úk©
K‡i‡Q †m‡nZz A, B I C we›`y mg‡iL n‡e|
 ewnt¯ú‡k©i †ÿ‡Î, (wPÎ-K)

œ 8  O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y Ges PA K‡i‡Q| O, P Ges A, B †hvM Kwi| AB ¯úk© R¨v| OP, AB †K E
cÖk-
I PB †iLvØq e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K| we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP, AB-Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2 A
C
L. †`LvI †h, PA = PB 4 E
M. A, B Ges O, P †hvM Ki| cÖgvY Ki †h, OP ¯úk© P O
R¨v AB Gi j¤^wØLÊK| 4
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  B
A¼Y : O, A Ges O, B †hvM Kwi|
K. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y cÖgvY :
Ges PA I PB iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi A I B we›`y‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
B
(1) †h‡nZz OA Ges OB DfqB ¯úk©
P .O
we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| [PA I PB, A I B
myZivs OAP = GK mg‡KvY we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K]
C
A
Ges OBP = GK mg‡KvY
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y mg‡KvYx PAO I mg‡KvYx
Ges PA I PB iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi A I B we›`y‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K| PBO-Gi g‡a¨ PA = PB [ewnt¯’ we›`y n‡Z
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PB| ¯úk©KØq mgvb]
B
OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
[AwZfzR-evû
P O  PAO  PBO
 POA = POB
me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
C
A
(2) GLb OAE I OBE-Gi g‡a¨
A¼b : O, A; O, B Ges O, P †hvM Kwi| OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
cÖgvY : Ges OE = OE [mvaviY evû]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv Ges AšÍf©y³ AOE = AšÍf©y³
(1) †h‡nZz PA ¯úk©K Ges OA BOE [evû-†KvY-evû
¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©, AZGe, OAE  OBE Dccv`¨]
†m‡nZz PA ⊥ OA [¯úk©K ¯úk©we›`yMvgx
 AE = BE
 PAO = GK mg‡KvY| e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^]
Ges AEO = BEO
Abyiƒ‡c PBO = mg‡KvY
wKš‘ †KvYØq mwbœwnZ e‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY|
PAO Ges PBO DfqB mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
(2) GLb, PAO I PBO myZivs OE, AB-Gi j¤^wØLÊK|
mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡q A_©vr OP, AB-Gi j¤^wØLÊK| (cÖgvwYZ)
AwZfzR PO = AwZfzR PO
Ges OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 PAO  PBO [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
 PA = PB (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv]
M.we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges P ewnt¯’
we›`y| P n‡Z Aw¼Z PA I PB ¯úk©K e„Ë‡K A I B we›`y‡Z ¯úk©

B
œ 9
cÖk-
 .
P O
C
A
wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë Ges P Zvi ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y| M. †`LvI †h, e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y w`‡q H we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ici
K. ¯úk©K Kv‡K e‡j? mij mvaviY ¯úk©K wPÎ Gu‡K †`LvI| 2 Aw¼Z j¤^ D³ we›`y‡Z e„ËwUi ¯úk©K nq| 4
L. †`LvI †h, ¯úk© we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki Ici Aw¼Z j¤^ †K›`ªMvgx| 4 DËi : (L) Dccv`¨-9 Gi Abywm×všÍ-2 Gi Abyiƒc|
(M) Dccv`¨-9 Gi Abywm×všÍ-3 Gi Abyiƒc|
A b yk xj b x 8 .5
 e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K A¼b
Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h, e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq bv| we›`ywU hw` e„‡Ëi Ici _v‡K Zvn‡j D³
we›`y‡Z e„‡Ëi GKwUgvÎ ¯úk©K A¼b Kiv hvq| ¯úk©KwU ewY©Z we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^ nq| myZivs, e„Ëw¯’Z †Kv‡bv
we›`y‡Z e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K A¼b Ki‡Z n‡j ewY©Z we›`y‡Z e¨vmva© A¼b K‡i e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^ AuvK‡Z n‡e| Avevi we›`ywU e„‡Ëi
evB‡i Aew¯’Z n‡j Zv †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hv‡e|

1 wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. e„‡Ë ¯úk©K ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i Ici j¤^
ii. Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mg‡KvY
iii. e„‡Ëi mKj mgvb R¨v †K›`ª †_‡K mg`~ieZ©x
P
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? D
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii  i, ii I iii
A g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó MNP GKwU e„Ë Ges AB GKwU wbw`©ó
mij‡iLv| G e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e †hb Zv AB Gi

O mgvšÍivj nq|
B
A¼b :
C
D (1) O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OD j¤^ AuvwK| OD j¤^ e„‡Ëi cwiwa‡K
Ic‡ii wPÎ Abyhvqx 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(2) GLb P we›`y‡Z PQ ¯úk©K AuvwK|
2 BOD Gi cwigvY n‡eÑ (3) QP †K S ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| Zvn‡j SQ-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
1
K. 2BAC
1
L. 2BAD cÖgvY :
A¼bvbymv‡i OD, AB Gi Ici j¤^|
M. 2BAC  2BAD  D = GK mg‡KvY|
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ Avevi, PQ, OP Gi P we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K nIqvq,
†Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y|  BOD = 2BAD OPQ = GK mg‡KvY|
3 e„ËwU ABC wÎfy‡RiÑ AZGe, D = OPQ
wKšÍz †KvY `yBwU Abyiƒc Ges OPD GKB mij‡iLv|
K. AšÍe©„Ë  cwie„Ë
myZivs PQ  AB
M. ewnte„Ë N Dce„Ë A_©vr SQ  AB
4 †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AwaPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvYÑ  SQ wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K| [cÖgvwYZ]
 m~²‡KvY L. mg‡KvY cÖkœ \ 6 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv wbw`©ó
M. ¯’~j †KvY N c~iK‡KvY mij‡iLvi Dci j¤^ nq|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv wbw`©ó mgvavb :
mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj nq|
mgvavb :
Q
D
O
P R
A E C B
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë Ges AB g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC = 4·5 †m.wg., AC = 3 †m.wg. Ges
GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| G e„‡Ë Ggb ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e †hb Zv AB = 4 †m.wg.| ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e|
AB Gi Ici j¤^ nq| A¼b :
A¼b : (1) AB I AC evûi j¤^wØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN †iLvsk AuvwK|
(1) AB Gi Dci E GKwU we›`y wbB| O, E †hvM Kwi| Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A, O ; B, O Ges C , O †hvM
(2) O we›`y w`‡q AB Gi mgvšÍivj POR Uvwb| POR e„‡Ëi Kwi|
cwiwa‡K R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(2) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j,
(3) GLb, R we›`y‡Z CD ¯úk©K AuvwK| Zvn‡j CD-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
GB e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, PR  AB
cÖgvY : O we›`ywU AB Gi j¤^wØLÊ‡Ki Ici Aew¯’Z|
 PRC = RCB [ GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j ]
wKšÍz, CR ¯úk©K nIqvq, PRC = GK mg‡KvY  OA = OB
myZivs, RCB = GK mg‡KvY| GKBfv‡e, OA = OC
 RC, AB Gi Ici j¤^|  OA = OB = OC
AZGe, RC ev CD-B DwÏó ¯úk©K| [cÖgvwYZ] myZivs O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„ËwU A,
cÖkœ \ 7 \ †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡ì AšÍfz©³ B I C we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| AZGe, GB e„ËwUB ABC Gi cwie„Ë|
†KvY 60 nq| e¨vmva© wbY©q : A n‡Z BC Gi Ici AD j¤^ AuvwK| AD, BC †K D
mgvavb : we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
ABC Gi cwimxgv,
A
Q 2S = AB + BC + CA = 4 + 4·5 + 3 = 115 †m.wg.
11.5
60  S =
2
†m.wg. = 5·75 †m.wg.
R O
60 P C
 ABC Gi †¶Îdj
B
= S (S – a ) (S – b) (S – c)
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| G e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU = 5.75(5.75 − 4.5)(5.75 − 3)(5.75 − 4)
¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e †hb G‡ì AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq| = 5.75  1.25  2.75  1.75
A¼b : = 5·88 eM© †m.wg.
(1) cwiwai Ici P GKwU we›`y| O, P †hvM Kwi Ges ewa©Z Kwi| 1
Avevi, ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 2  BC  AD
(2) OP Gi Dfq cv‡k¦© 60 `ywU †KvY AuvwK| g‡b Kwi †Kv‡Yi evû
1
`yBwU e„Ë‡K A I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A we›`y‡Z GKwU j¤^   4·5  AD = 5·88
2
AuvwK| j¤^wU OP Gi ewa©Zvsk‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  AD = 261 †m.wg.
(3) C, B †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j AC I BC-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
wKšÍz, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv `yB evûi AšÍM©Z AvqZ‡¶Î, Zvi
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, AOC = 60
cwie„‡Ëi e¨vm H evûØ‡qi mvaviY kxl© n‡Z f‚wgi Ici Aw¼Z
OAC = 90
myZivs, AOC G, ACO = 30 j‡¤î AšÍM©Z AvqZ‡¶‡Îi mgvb (eªþ¸‡ßi Dccv`¨)|
GKB Kvi‡Y OBC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, BCO = 30  AB  AC = 2R  AD [awi, e¨vmva© OA = R †m.wg.]
AZGe, ACB = ACO + BCO [ e¨vm = 2R †m.wg.]
= 30 + 30 = 60 ev, 4  3 = 2R  261  R = 23
myZivs, AC I BC ¯úk©‡Ki AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60| [cÖgvwYZ] AZGe, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 23 †m.wg.|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ 5 †m.wg. evûwewkó GKwU mgevû wÎfzR ABC Gi AC
cÖkœ \ 8 \ 3 †m.wg., 4 †m.wg., 4·5 †m.wg. evûwewkó GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû‡K ¯úk© Kwi‡q GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK|
cwie„Ë AuvK Ges GB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : 5 †m.wg. evûwewkó GKwU mgevû wÎfzR
mgvavb : ABC-Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© Kwi‡q GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
F myZivs O we›`y n‡Z AB, BC, CD, DA evûi `~iZ¡ mgvb| myZivs O
†K †K›`ª K‡i OE e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvK‡j e„ËwU AB, BC, CD, DA
L M evû ¯úk© Ki‡e|
A
AZGe, EFGH-B wb‡Y©q AšÍe„©Ë|
N
E Avevi, e‡M©i KY©Øq mgvb Ges Zviv ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
H myZivs, OA = OB = OC = OD
B
myZivs, O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë A, B, C, D
C G D we›`y w`‡q hvq|
g‡b Kwi ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR Ges cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 AZGe, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
†m.wg.| Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| cÖkœ \ 11 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb evûØq‡K e¨vm
A¼b : a‡i `yBwU e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j, Zviv f‚wgi ga¨we›`y‡K ci¯úi †Q`
(1) BC I BA evû‡K h_vµ‡g D I F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
K‡i|
(2) DCA Ges FAC Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g CM I AN †iLv
mgvavb :
AuvwK| Zviv E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(3)  †_‡K AC Gi Ici EH j¤^ AuvwK| EH, AC †K  we›`y‡Z A
†Q` K‡i|
(4) E-†K †K›`ª K‡i EH e¨mva© wb‡q e„Ë AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, GB e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë n‡e|
cÖgvY : E n‡Z BD I BF Gi Ici h_vµ‡g EG I EL j¤^ Uvwb|
g‡b Kwi, j¤^Øq †iLvskØq‡K h_vµ‡g G I L we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| B C
E we›`ywU DAC-Gi mgwØLÊ‡Ki Ici Aew¯’Z| D
 EH = EG g‡b Kwi, ABC mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri AB = AC Ges BC f‚wg| AB I
GKBfv‡e, EH = EL AC †K e¨vm a‡i `ywU e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j e„Ë `yBwU BC †K D we›`y‡Z
myZivs E †K †K›`ª K‡i EH-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë H, †Q` K‡i|
G Ges L we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y|
Avevi, EH, EG I EL Gi cÖvšÍwe›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g CA, CD Ges AF A¼b : A, D †hvM Kwi|
†iLvsk wZbwU j¤^| cÖgvY :
myZivs e„ËwU †iLvsk wZbwU‡K h_vµ‡g H, G I L we›`y wZbwU‡Z avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
¯úk© K‡i| (1) AB I AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm nIqvq,
AZGe, HGL e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q ewne„©Ë| ADB = ADC = GK mg‡KvY [KviY Aa©e„Ë¯’
cÖkœ \ 10 \ GKwU e‡M©i AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë AuvK| †KvY mg‡KvY]
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : GKwU e‡M©i AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z (2) ADC I ADB mg‡KvYx wÎfzR `ywUi g‡a¨
n‡e| AwZfzR AC = AwZfzR AB ;
D G C
AD = AD [mvaviY evû]
 ADC  ABD [AwZfzR-evû
me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
O
H F  CD = BD
A_©vr D, BC Gi ga¨we›`y| [cÖgvwYZ]
A E B cÖkœ \ 12 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y I
wecixZ kx‡l©i ms‡hvRK †iLvsk AwZfy‡Ri A‡a©K|
g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU eM©| ABCD e‡M©i AšÍe„©Ë I cwie„Ë mgvavb :
AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b : A
(1) A, C Ges B, D †hvM Kwi| AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K O O
(2) O n‡Z AB Gi Ici OE j¤^ Uvwb| B C
(3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OE Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
e„ËwU AB, BC, CD I DA evû‡K h_vµ‡g E, F, G I H g‡b Kwi, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfyR| Gi B = GK mg‡KvY Ges
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i| Zvn‡j EFGH-B wb‡Y©q AšÍe„©Ë| AC AwZfzR|
Avevi O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| GLv‡b O, AC AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y I BO wecixZ kx‡l©i ms‡hvRK
GB e„Ë ABCD e‡M©i wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë| †iLvsk|
cÖgvY : e‡M©i KY© †KvY¸‡jv‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BO = AC
1
2
A¼b : O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA A_ev OC Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q g‡b Kwi, ABDC e„‡Ëi O †K›`ª Ges AB I CD `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v|
GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Pvc AC = Pvc BD
cÖgvY : A¼b : B, C †hvM Kwi|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv cÖgvY :
(1) †h‡nZz AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges ABC = GK avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
mg‡KvY| (1) AB  CD Ges BC †Q`K,
myZivs, A, B, C kxl©we›`y wZbwU e„Ë¯’ n‡e| ABC = BCD [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
A_©vr A, B, C e„‡Ëi cwiwai Ici wZbwU (2) GLb, AC Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z e„Ë¯’
we›`y| ABC Ges BD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z
(2) O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª nIqvq OB = OC = OA [GKB e„‡Ëi e„Ë¯’ BCD e„Ë¯’ †KvY `yBwU
GLb, AO + OC = AC e¨vmva© e‡j] mgvb nIqvq Pvc `yBwUI mgvb|
ev, OB + OB = AC AZGe, Pvc AC = Pvc BD [cÖgvwYZ]
ev, 2OB = AC cÖkœ \ 15 \ O †K›`ªwewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi
1
 OB =
2
AC [cÖgvwYZ] Af¨šÍi¯’ E we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AEC =
1
cÖkœ \ 13 \ ABC GKwU wÎfzR| AB †K e¨vm wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë hw` 2 (BOD + AOC)
BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, AC evny‡K e¨vm mgvavb :
wb‡q Aw¼Z e„ËI D we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| D
mgvavb :
A
O
O O
A E B
B D C
C
g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| AB †K e¨vm wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j
Dnv BC †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AC evû‡K g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ACBD e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi
e¨vm wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë D we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| Af¨šÍi¯’ E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| O, A; O, C; O, B Ges O, D
A¼b : A, D †hvM Kwi| †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖgvY : 1
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AEC = 2 (BOD + AOC)
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) AB e¨vm nIqvq, ADB = 1 mg‡KvY [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY A¼b : A, D †hvM Kwi|
GK mg‡KvY] cÖgvY :
(2) B, D, C mg‡iL nIqvq, avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
ADB + ADC = GK mij‡KvY
(1) AC Pv‡ci Ici †K›`ª¯’ AOC
ev, 1 mg‡KvY + ADC = 2 mg‡KvY Ges e„Ë¯’ ADC
ev, ADC = 2 mg‡KvY -1 mg‡KvY myZivs AOC = 2 ADC  (i) [e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci
= 1 mg‡KvY (2) Avevi, BD Pv‡ci Ici Aew¯’Z Ici `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
(3) GLb, A, D, C we›`y wZbwU e„Ë¯’| O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¯’ BOD Ges e„Ë¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi
BAD wØ¸Y]
†K›`ª nIqvq,
AOC = 2 ADC
[GKB]
 BOD = 2BAD  (ii)
ev, AOC = 2  1 mg‡KvY (3) mgxKiY (i) Ges (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
ev, AOC = 2 mg‡KvY AZGe, 2 ADC + 2BAD =
ev, AOC = 1 mij‡KvY AOC + BOD
AZGe, A, O, C mg‡iL Ges AC e„‡Ëi e¨vm| ev, 2 (ADC + BAD) =
 AC evny‡K e¨vm wb‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë D we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| [cÖgvwYZ] (BOD + AOC)
cÖkœ
\ 14 \ AB I CD GKB e„‡Ë `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v| cÖgvY Ki ev, ADC + BAD =
†h,Pvc AC = Pvc BD 1
(BOD + AOC)
mgvavb : 2
(4) wKšÍz AED G ewnt¯’ AEC =
A B ADE + DAE = ADC + [wÎfy‡Ri †Kv‡bv ewn¯’
BAD †KvY Gi AšÍt¯’
O wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi
C D mgwói mgvb]
1
AZGe, AEC = 2 (BOD + AOC) [cÖgvwYZ]
cÖkœ \ 16 \ `yBwU mgvb e¨vmwewkó e„‡Ëi mvaviY R¨v AB| B we›`y
w`‡q Aw¼Z †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv hw` e„Ë `yBwUi mv‡_ P I Q we›`y‡Z
wgwjZ nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, PAQ mgwØevû| O
mgvavb : 10 cm
A B
A D
M N cÖgvY :
avcmg~n :
P Q
(1) ODA = ODB = GKmg‡KvY [ OD⊥AB]
B
AZGe, ODA I ODB DfqB mg‡KvYx wÎfyR|
g‡b Kwi, `yBwU mgvb e¨vmwewkó e„‡Ëi mvaviY R¨v AB| e„Ë (2) ODA I ODB mg‡KvYx wÎfyRØ‡qi g‡a¨
`yBwUi †K›`ª M I N| AwZfyR OA = AwZfyR OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
B we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z mij‡iLv e„Ë `yBwU‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z †Q` Ges OD = OD [mvaviY evû]
K‡i‡Q| A, P Ges A, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,  ODA  ODB [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR-evû
PAQ mgwØevû|
me©mgZv Dccv`¨]
cÖgvY : AZGe, AD = BD
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv A_©vr D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| [†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
(1) AB Dfq e„‡Ëi mvaviY x x
R¨v| myZivs AB Pv‡ci (M) ODB G, OB = 10cm, DB = 2 Ges OD = 2 − 2
Dci M †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi GLb, mg‡KvYx ODB-G
e„Ë¯’ APB DB2 + OD2 = OB2
(2) Avevi, N †K›`ªwewkó x
2
x
2
e„‡Ëi e„Ë¯’ AQB ev,() ( )

2
+ 2
− 2 = (10)2
 APB = AQB [mgvb ev GKB Pvc GKB e„‡Ë x2 x
2
x
ev mgvb mgvb e¨vmwewkó e„‡Ë
mgvb mgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY Drcbœ
()
ev, 4 + 2 − 2  2  2 + (2) = 100
2
x2 x2
K‡i] ev, 4 + 4 − 2x + 4 = 100
ev, APQ = AQP
 AP = AQ [wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb †Kv‡Yi 2x2
ev, 4 − 2x + 4 = 100
wecixZ evûØq mgvb]
x2
GLb APQ G, ev, 2 − 2x + 4 = 100
AP = AQ nIqvq, APQ mgwØevû| [cÖgvwYZ]
ev, x2 − 4x + 8 = 200 [Dfq cÿ‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
cÖkœ \ 17 \ O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë R¨v AB = x †m.wg., OD ⊥ AB ev, x2 − 4x + 8 − 200 = 0
cv‡ki wPÎ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : ev, x2 − 4x − 192 = 0
K. e„ËwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| ev, x2 − 16x + 12x − 192 = 0
L. †`LvI †h, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| ev, x(x − 16) + 12 (x −16) = 0
x ev, (x −16) (x + 12) = 0
( )
M. OD = 2 − 2 †m.wg. n‡j x Gi gvb nq x − 16 = 0 A_ev, x + 12 = 0
wbY©q Ki| ev, x = 16 ev, x = − 12 [Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq]
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi R¨v Gi ˆ`N©¨ x = 16 †m.wg.
R¨v AB = x †m.wg. Ges OD⊥AB cÖkœ \ 18 \ GKwU wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 4 †m.wg., 5
(K) e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = OB = 10cm †m.wg. I 6 †m.wg.|
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r2 = 31416  (10)2 Ic‡ii Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡gœi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
= 31416  100 = 31416 K. wÎfyRwU A¼b Ki|
wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj 31416 eM© †m.wg. L. wÎfyRwUi cwie„Ë A¼b Ki|
(L) we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB Ggb M. wÎfy‡Ri cwie„‡Ëi evwn‡i †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y †_‡K
GKwU R¨v OD ⊥ AB †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y| e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K A¼b K‡i †`LvI †h ¯úk©KØ‡qi `~iZ¡
A¼b : O, A †hvM Kwi| mgvb nq|
mgvavb :
(K)
6 †m.wg. A (3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
a
b 5 †m.wg. c b Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
4 †m.wg.
c
B a C D
ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU evû a = 6 †m.wg., b = 5 †m.wg. Ges c = 4 (M) g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU cwie„Ë| e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’
†m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q, wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e| P GKwU we›`y Ges PA I PD iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi A I D we›`y‡Z
A¼b : `yBwU ¯úk©K| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PD
A
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv †iLvsk BD †bB|
(2) BD †iLvsk †_‡K a Gi mgvb K‡i BC Ask †K‡U †bB| E F
(3) GLb B †K †K›`ª K‡i c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC †iLvi P
GKcv‡k GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Avevi, C †K †K›`ª K‡i b B O
M
C
N
Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BC †iLvi †h cv‡k Av‡Mi
e„ËPvcwU AuvKv n‡q‡Q †m cv‡k e„ËPvcwU AuvwK| e„ËPvc D
`yBwU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A¼b : O, D I O, P †hvM Kwi|
(4) A, B I A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfyR| cÖgvY :
(L) avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
A
(1) †h‡nZz PA ¯úk©K Ges OA ¯úk©we›`yMvgx
e¨vmva© †m‡nZz PA ⊥ OA [e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z
E F
 PAO = GK mg‡KvY Aw¼Z ¯úk©K,
Abyiƒ‡c, PDO = GK mg‡KvY ¯úk© w e›`y Mvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
B C
O M  PAO Ges PDO DfqB mv‡_ j¤^|]
N
mg‡KvYx wÎfyR|
(2) PAO I PDO mg‡KvYx
ABC wÎfy‡Ri cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z wÎfyRØ‡q
n‡e, hv wÎfy‡Ri wZbwU kxl©we›`y A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq| AwZfyR PO = AwZfyR PO
A¼b : Ges OA = OD
(1) AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN  PAO  PDO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
†iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  PA = PD [AwZfyR-evû-Dccv`¨]
(2) A, O †hvM Kwi| A_©vr e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K ¯úk©KØ‡qi `~iZ¡ mgvb|

85 : e„Ë m¤úK©xq m¤úv`¨ 7. GKwU wÎfzR ABC Gi cwie„Ë AuvKv n‡j Zv KqwU kxl©we›`y
w`‡q hvq? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K1 L2 3 N4
8. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri AšÍe„©‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1. ¯úk© we›`ywU e„‡Ëi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
K wÎfzRwU e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z
K e„‡Ëi evB‡i L e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i
 e„ËwU wÎfz‡Ri wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z
 cwiwai Ici N cwiwai wb‡P
M e„ËwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i
2. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hvq? (mnR)
N †K›`ª n‡Z wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`yi `~iZ¡ mgvb
1 L2 M3 N4
3. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y †_‡K H e„‡Ë KqwU ¯úk©K AuvKv hv‡e? (mnR) 9. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri KqwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv hvq? (mnR)
K1 2 M3 N4 K1 L2 3 N4
4. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi PA ¯úk©K n‡j PAO Gi cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g) 10. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i cwie„‡Ëi e¨vm wb‡Pi †KvbwUi ˆ`‡N©ï mgvb? (mnR)
K 60 L 65  90 N 180  e‡M©i K‡Y©i L e‡M©i we›`y
5. †Kv‡bv wÎfy‡R GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡j e„ËwU KqwU evû‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e? (mnR) M K‡Y©i wØ¸Y N e‡M©i evûi wØ¸Y
1 L2 M3 N0
11. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi AšÍe„©Ë AuvKv m¤¢e? (mnR)
6. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri cwie„‡Ëi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K AvqZ L mvgvšÍwiK  eM© N UªvwcwRqvg
 e„ËwU wZbwU kxl©we›`y w`‡q hvq
L wZbwU kxl©we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z
12. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri ewne„©Ë H wÎfz‡Ri KqwU we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i?
(mnR)
M wZbwU kxl©we›`y e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z
1 L2 M3 N4
N e„ËwU `yBwU kxl©we›`y w`‡q hvq
13. AšÍe„©Ë A¼‡bi Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb? (ga¨g)
K `yBwU evûi mgwØLÊK  `yBwU †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK
wZbwU †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÊK N wÎfz‡Ri fi‡K›`ª
M e¨vL¨v : E, AC Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j OE ⊥ AC  OEC = 90
14. ABC wÎfz‡Ri AB, BC Ges AC evûÎ‡qi mgwÎLÊKÎq 22. ABC = 90 n‡j e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ? (ga¨g)
A¼b K‡i Kx AuvKv hvq? (mnR) K AB
1 1
L BC
1
 AC N 2AC
 cwie„Ë L AšÍe„©Ë M ewne©„Ë N i¤^m
2 2 2
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi A
15. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : O

P
i. e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K
AuvKv hvq bv C B
ii. e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K H e„‡Ë `yBwU
D
¯úk©K AuvKv hvq 23. wP‡Î OCB m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
iii. OA e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© n‡j AP e„‡Ëi e¨vm n‡e
K mgevû wÎfzR  mgwØevû wÎfzR
M welgevû wÎfzR N mg‡KvYx wÎfzR
24. BCD Gi mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
16. ABC wÎfz‡Ri- K OCB L OBC  BAC N BOC
i. 1wU AšÍe©„Ë AuvKv hv‡e 25. wP‡Î, BCD + CAP = ? (KwVb)
ii. AšÍe©„Ë evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i K 60  90 M 120 N 180
iii. GKwU cwie„Ë A¼b Kiv hvq  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 26 − 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) E
17. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri− A
i. ewne„©Ë¸‡jv evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i O
ii. AšÍe„©Ë evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i
iii. cwie„Ë evû¸‡jv‡K ¯úk© K‡i B C D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) ABC Gi ewne„©ËwU O †K›`ªwewkó
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 26. ABC-G AviI KqwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv hv‡e? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë evûi kxl©we›`y w`‡q hvq| K1 2 M3 N4
e¨vL¨v : BA I BC Ici †gvU 2wU ewne©„Ë AuvKv hvq|
18. wÎfz‡Ri cwie„‡Ëi †K›`ª−
i. AwZfz‡Ri Ici _vK‡e hw` Zv mg‡KvYx wÎfzR nq
27. DCO Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
1 1 1 1
ii. wÎfz‡Ri wfZ‡i _vK‡e hw` Zv m~²‡KvYx wÎfzR nq K ABC L ACB M BAC  ACD
2 2 2 2
iii. wÎfz‡Ri evB‡i _vK‡e hw` Zv ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR nq e¨vL¨v : ewne„©‡Ëi A¼bvbymv‡i OC,  ACD Gi mgwØLÊK|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 28. ACB = ABC = x n‡j, OAE Gi gvb wb‡Pi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
19. O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë A we›`y‡Z AP ¯úk©K Ges AP ⊥ OA x
 x L 2x M N 3x
n‡j− 2
i. OA I OP Gi gaëZ©x †KvY 180  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 − 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. ¯úk©‡Ki Ici C GKwU we›`y n‡j GwU e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z O
iii. ¯úk©‡Ki Ici †h‡Kv‡bv we›`yi Rb¨ OA ¶z`ªZg|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) A D B
AB
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB R¨v = 16 †m.wg. Ges OD =
2
−2 ( )
29. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 20 − 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K6 L8  10 N 12
A e¨vL¨v : OD = 6 †m.wg.  OD ⊥ AB
ZvB OB2 = OD2 + BD2 = 62 + 82 = 100
 OB = e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 10 †m.wg.|
O
B
30. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
C
K 31416  31416 M 32016 N 42016
O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„Ë| e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r2 = 31416  102 = 31416 eM© †m.wg.
20. ABC e„ËwU ABC Gi Kx ai‡bi e„Ë? (mnR) 31. e„‡Ëi cwiwa KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K AšÍe„©Ë  cwie„Ë M ewne„©Ë N Dce„Ë K 6283  62832 M 70145 N 80456
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r = 2  31416  10 = 62832 †m.wg.
21. AC Gi ga¨we›`y E n‡j OEC Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 60 L 70  90 N 180

32. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri KqwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv m¤¢e? `ywU ewne„©Ë AuvKv hv‡e
iii.
K GKwU L `yBwU  wZbwU N PviwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
33. GKwU e‡M© AšÍwj©wLZ e„‡Ëi KqwU ¯úk©K Av‡Q?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K1 L2 M3 4 39. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwi‡K›`ª−
34. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z e„Ë‡K ejv nq− i. Ges AšÍ‡K›`ª GKB ii. ga¨gvi Ici Aew¯’Z
 cwie„Ë L AšÍe„Ë
iii. D”PZvi Ici Aew¯’Z
M ewne©„Ë N mge„Ë
Ki L ii I iii
Mi  i, ii I iii
35. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡R GKwU ewne©„Ë AuvK‡j e„ËwU KqwU evû‡K ¯úk©
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 40 − 42bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Ki‡e?
1 L2 M3 N0
O
36.
A
B D C
O DcwiD³ e„ËwUi R¨v Gi Ici cwZZ j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ Aa©-R¨v

A‡cÿv 2 †m.wg. Kg| e„ËwUi e¨vmva© 10 †m.wg.|
B C
40. OC mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K AšÍe„©Ë  cwie„Ë M ewnte„Ë N Dce„Ë
K 6 †m.wg. L 8 †m.wg. M 5 †m.wg.  10 †m.wg.
37. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ mvgvšÍwiK GKwU Kx? 41. e„‡Ëi e¨vm wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
 eM©‡ÿÎ L AvqZ‡ÿÎ  20 †m.wg. L 25 †m.wg. M 30 †m.wg. N 24 †m.wg.
M UªvwcwRqvg N i¤^m 42. DC mgvb KZ?
38. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡R− K 6 †m.wg. L 7 †m.wg.  8 †m.wg. N 9 †m.wg.
i. GKwU AšÍe©„Ë AuvKv hvq ii. GKwU cwie„Ë AuvKv hv‡e
G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš^Z A wZwi ³ e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi DcPvc Gi cwigvc Aa©e„Ë A‡cÿv †QvU
iii.
43. GKwU e„‡ËiÑ K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
i. e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi j¤^ mgwØÊK †K›`ªMvgx 47. i. †Kv‡bv Pv‡ci wWwMÖ cwigvc PvcwUi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡`©k K‡i
ii. mgvb mgvb R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë ii. mg‡iL bq Giƒc 3wU we›`y w`‡q 1wU e„Ë AuvKv hvq
iii. e„nËi R¨v, ¶z`ªZi R¨v A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi iii. 2wU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K ewnt¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡ì 2wU mij
mvaviY ¯úk©K Av‡Q
K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
44. Dw³¸‡jv j¶ KiÑ †Kvb wÎfy‡RÑ 48. i. e„‡Ëi DcPv‡c AšÍwj©wLZ †KvY ¯’~j‡KvY
i. GKwU AšÍe©„Ë AvuKv hv‡e ii. e„Ë¯’ eM©‡ÿ‡Îi KY© e„‡Ëi e¨vm n‡e
ii. GKwU cwie„Ë AvuKv hv‡e iii. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e„‡Ëi GKwU ¯úk©K
iii. GKwU ewne©„Ë AvuKv hv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : (iii) mwVK bq, KviY e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K bv]
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 49. i. e„‡Ëi e„nËg Pvc cwiwa
45. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : ii. cÖwZwU †Q`K e„Ë‡K 2wU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i
i. e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë iii. GKK e¨vmv‡a©i e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2 GKK
ii. e„‡Ëi e¨vmB e„nËg R¨v
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK mij †KvY
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii C
O
46. i. †Kv‡bv PZzf©y‡Ri wecixZ †KvYØq m¤ú~iK n‡j kxl©we›`y¸‡jv
mge„Ë A
D
B
ii. mgZj¯’ †Kvb e„‡Ë 1wU mij‡iLvi m‡e©v”P 3wU †Q`we›`y i‡q‡Q cÖ`Ë wPÎ n‡Z wb‡gœi 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
50. hw` A = 45 nq, Z‡e BOD = ? 58. e„ËwU ABC wÎfy‡RiÑ
(ga¨g) (mnR)
 45 L 60 M 90 N 180 K AšÍe„©Ë  cwie„Ë
51. ABC e„‡Ë O e„ËwUi †K›`ª Ges OB = 10 †m.wg. n‡j, M ewnte„Ë N Dce„Ë
e„ËwUi †¶Îdj KZ? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 59 - 61bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K 300.16 eM© †m.wg. L 312.16 eM© †m.wg.
O
M 316.16 †m.wg.  314.16 eM© †m.wg.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 52 - 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : A D B
O O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB e¨vm wfbœ GKwU R¨v Ges D, AB Gi ga¨we›`y|
A B
59. AD = 4 †m.wg., OA = 5 †m.wg. n‡j, BD = KZ? (ga¨g)
C K 3 †m.wg.  4 †m.wg. M 5 †m.wg. N 6 †m.wg.
52. OC ⊥ AB n‡j, OA = 4 †m.wg., OC = 3 †m.wg., n‡j, AB 60. AD = 4 †m. wg, OA = 5 †m. wg OD = KZ ? (ga¨g)
= KZ? (KwVb)  3 †m. wg. L 4 †m. wg. M 5 †m. wg. N 6 †m. wg.
K 25 †m.wg. L 7 †m.wg. M 7 †m.wg.  2 7 †m.wg. 61. AOD = 50 n‡j BOD †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
53. OB = 4 n‡j, e„‡Ëi e¨vm KZ? (ga¨g) K 40 L 45  50 N 60
 8 †m.wg. L 5 †m.wg. wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 62 Ñ 64bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
M 25 †m.wg. N 16 †m.wg. A D
O
54. OAB = 50 n‡j, AB Pv‡ci Dci †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi gvb 5

KZ? (ga¨g) P M Q
N
 80 L 50 M 260 N 100
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : O †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi OM = 5 †mw›UwgUvi Ges PQ R¨v Gi ˆ`N©¨ 24
B †mw›UwgUvi| OM ⊥ PQ.
r 62. PM Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †mw›UwgUvi? (mnR)
A C K 11  12 M 13 N 19
D r
63. e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †mw›UwgUvi? (mnR)
55. ABC Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S n‡j, e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ? (mnR) K 11 L 12  13 N 14
S 64. MN-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
K 4S  2S MS N K5 L6 M7 8
2
56. BD = 3 †m.wg. n‡j, AC = KZ †m.wg. n‡e? (ga¨g) O
B
A
K 3 †m.wg.  6 †m.wg. M 9 †m.wg. N 12 †m.wg.
C D
wb‡Pi wPÎ Abyhvqx 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: E
A wP‡Îi AB = 16 †m.wg. Ges OE = 4 †m.wg

Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
O 65. ED Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
B D C K 3 4 3 M2 3 N6 3
66. OD = BD n‡j BOD Gi †¶Îdj KZ? (KwVb)
57. BOD Gi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g) K4 3 L8 3 M 12 3  16 3
1 1
K BAC L BAD M 2BAC  2 BAD
2 2

4 †m. wg.
œ 1  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 K
cÖk-
3 †m. wg.
†m. wg. Ges 4 †m. wg.| A
K. Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2

L. wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë AsKb Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
3 †m. wg.
Avek¨K] 4
M. D³ e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU ¯úk©K A¼b Ki †hb Zv‡ì
C
AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY B 4 †m. wg.
Avek¨K] 4 Dc‡i Aw¼Z ABC-B n‡jv DwÏó wÎfzR|

 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L
E C
C 3 †m.wg.
a
4 †m.wg. b = 4 †m.wg. a = 3 †m.wg.
b
O 5 †m.wg.
N c
N A c = 5 †m.wg. B
wP‡Î ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR Gi AB, BC I CA evûi ˆ`N©¨
A B
h_vµ‡g 5 †m.wg., 3 †m.wg. I 4 †m.wg.|
L g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfzRwUi ewne©„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Ggb
GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv wÎfz‡Ri GKwU evû‡K Ges Aci
`yB evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K ¯úk© K‡i|
F
M
†Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| Gi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| M
A¼b : C E
(1) AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN N
†iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` A

H
B D
K‡i| A¼b : AB I AC evûØq‡K h_vµ‡g D I F ch©šÍ ewa©Z
(2) A, O †hvM Kwi| O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© Kwi| DBC I FCB Gi mgwØLÊK BM Ges CN AuvwK|
wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx g‡b Kwi, E Zv‡ì †Q` we›`y| E †_‡K BC Gi Ici EH j¤^
n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë| AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi Zv BC †K H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| E †K
†K›`ª K‡i EH Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
M Zvn‡j, GB e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q ewne©„Ë|
B
90
M g‡b Kwi, L Gi wb‡Y©q ewne©„‡Ëi e¨vmva© EH = a| a Gi wØ¸Y
e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU eM© AuvK‡Z n‡e|
H
60 C D C
D O 120
90
A
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABD GKwU e„Ë| ABD e„‡Ë Giƒc
`yÕwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e hv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq| A E B X
A¼b : †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AX †_‡K a Gi mgvb AE Ask †K‡U
A¼b : (1) OA †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wbB Ges AOB = 120 wbB| Avevi, E †K †K›`ª K‡i AE = EB †K‡U wbB| GLb,
AuvwK| OB iwk¥ e„ËwU‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| AB †iLvs‡ki A we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i AH j¤^ AuvwK| AH
(2) OB †iLvi Ici B we›`y‡Z Ges OA †iLvi Ici A we›`y‡Z †_‡K AB Gi mgvb K‡i| AD †K‡U wbB| GLb, B I D †K
`ywU j¤^ Uvwb| g‡b Kwi, GB j¤^Øq C we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| †K›`ª K‡i AB Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q DAB Gi Af¨šÍ‡i
Zvn‡j, AC I BC-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©KØq, hv‡ì AšÍf©y³ `ywU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcØq ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| B,
C I C, D †hvM Kwi|
ACB = 60 n‡e|
Zvn‡j, ABCD-B wb‡Y©q eM©‡ÿÎ|
œ 2  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3 †m. wg., 4 †m.
cÖk- œ 3  a = 3 †m.wg. I b = 35 †m.wg.h_vµ‡g A I B
cÖk-
wg. I 5 †m. wg.| †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØ‡qi e¨vmva©|
K. A †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2 L. ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y Q †_‡K B †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ë `yBwU
L. A¼‡bi wPý I weeiYmn wÎfzRwUi ewne„©Ë A¼b ¯úk©K AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
Ki| 4 M. a I b †K GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡Kv‡Yi
M. wÎfzRwUi ewne„©‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i wØ¸‡Yi mgvb mwbœwnZ evû a‡i D³ wÎfz‡Ri GKwU cwie„Ë A¼b
evûwewkó GKwU eM© A¼b Ki| 4 Ki| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, A †Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© a = 3 †m.wg.
K g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû a = 3 †m.wg., b = 4
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = a2 eM©wgUvi
†m.wg. I c = 5 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
= (3)2 eM©wgUvi Avek¨K] 4
= (314  9) eM©wgUvi M. wÎfz‡Ri Aa©-cwimxgv‡K evû a‡i Aw¼Z e‡M©i
= 2826eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) cwie„Ë A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
Avek¨K] 4
L GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© b = 35 †m.wg †Ìqv Av‡Q| e„ËwUi
ewn:¯’ †h †Kv‡bv we›`y Q †_‡K e„ËwU‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
n‡e| K †Ìqv Av‡Q, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 2 †m.wg.
3
A Avgiv Rvwb, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 a2
3
P O
= 4  (2)2 eM© †m.wg.
M
= 3 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
B L g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv p = 10 †m.wg. Ges f‚wg
msjMœ `yBwU †KvY x = 45 I y = 60 †Ìqv Av‡Q|
1| b Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë A¼b Kwi| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
2| e„ËwUi ewn:¯’ GKwU we›`y Q wbB| p
3| P, O †hvM Kwi| PO †iLvs‡ki ga¨we›`y M wbY©q Kwi|
4| GLb M †K †K›`ª K‡i MO Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU x 45
y 60
e„Ë AuvwK| L M
H A G
g‡b Kwi, bZzb Aw¼Z e„ËwU cÖ`Ë e„Ë‡K A I B we›`y‡Z
†Q` K‡i|
5| A, P Ges B, P †hvM Kwi| D B C E F
Zvn‡j, AP, BP Df‡qB wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K| A¼b :

cÖgvY : A, O Ges B, O †hvM Kwi| APB e„‡Ë PO e¨vm| (1) †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv p Gi mgvb K‡i
DE Ask †K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB
 PAO = GK mg‡KvY| [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY mg‡KvY]
cv‡k x Gi mgvb EDL Ges y Gi mgvb DEM AuvwK|
myZivs, OA †iLvsk AP †iLvs‡ki Ici j¤^| AZGe, O
†Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi AP †iLvsk GKwU ¯úk©K| Abyiƒcfv‡e, (3) g‡b Kwi, DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q`
BP †iLvskI GKwU ¯úk©K| K‡i| A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb DAB Ges AED
M g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi mg‡KvY B Gi Gi mgvb EAC AuvwK|
mwbœwnZ evû `yBwU n‡jv AB = a = 3 †m.wg. Ges BC = b = (4) AB I AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C we›`y‡Z
3.5 †m.wg.| wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| †Q` K‡i|
A Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR|
F
M †Ìqv Av‡Q, wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 10 †m.wg|
O 10
E M
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 2 = 5 †m.wg.
B a 5 †m. wg.
F
N D C
A¼b :
1| AB I BC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN
†iLvsk AuvwK| Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| O
2| O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
A
AuvwK| B E
Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges e„ËwUB †Ìqv Av‡Q, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. eM©‡ÿÎwUi
ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë| cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
œ 4  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi mgwó 10 †m.wg. Ges Gi f‚wg
cÖk- A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ AE †_‡K a = 5 †m. wg. mgvb AB †K‡U
msjMœ †KvYØq 45 Ges 60.
wbB|
K. 2 †m. wg. evûwewkó wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
(2) AB Gi A we›`y‡Z AF ⊥ AB AuvwK| AF †_‡K a = 5 †m.
L. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
wg. Gi mgvb K‡i AD †K‡U wbB|
(3) B I D we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i a Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q F
DAB Gi Af¨šÍ‡i `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| Giv

ci¯úi‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| E
O G
(4) D, C I B, C †hvM Kwi|
(5) ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi A, C I B, D †hvM Kwi|
D
(6) eM©‡ÿ‡Îi AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(7) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë A¼b :
AuvwK hv A, B, C I D we›`y‡K ¯úk© K‡i| (1) OD †h †Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wbB Ges DOF = 120 AuvwK|
Zvn‡j, Drcbœ e„ËwUB DwÏó cwie„Ë| (2) OF iwk¥i F we›`y‡Z Ges OD Gi D we›`y‡Z `ywU j¤^
AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, GB j¤^Øq G we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|
œ 5  ABC Gi AB = BC = AC = 5 †m.wg.
cÖk-
Zvn‡j DG I FG-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©KØq, hv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbymv‡i wÎfzRwU AuvK| GwU †Kvb DGF = 60 n‡e|
ai‡bi wÎfzR? 2
L. wÎfzRwUi GKwU AšÍ©e„Ë A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi œ 6  O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ e„ËwUi e¨vm wfbœ
cÖk-
wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4 GKwU R¨v Ges A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y| O, P; O, Q; O, A; P, R
M. cÖvß e„ËwUi `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ Ges R, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
†KvY 60 nq| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4 K. mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎwU AuvK| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, OA ⊥ PQ. 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ Pv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’
K. †KvY e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y| 4
a
5 †m.wg.  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A K.
R
5 †m.wg. 5 †m.wg. O
P Q
A
B E
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ e„ËwUi e¨vm
5 †m.wg. C wfbœ GKwU R¨v Ges A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y| O, P; O, Q; O, A;
ABC A¼b Kiv n‡jv hvi AB = BC = AC = 5 †m.wg.| P, R Ges R, Q †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
GwU mgevû wÎfzR| L.
L. R
A
O
P Q
D A
M g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ e„ËwUi e¨vm
O wfbœ GKwU R¨v Ges A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y|
L A¼b : O, P; O, Q, O, A †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
B
C OA ⊥ PQ
wP‡Î, ABC-Gi AšÍ©e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| cÖgvY :
A¼‡bi weeiY : avc h_v_©Zv
(1) BAC Ges ACB Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g AL Ges (1) OPA Ges OQA Gi
CM AuvwK| Giv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| OP = OQ [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
AP = AQ [A, PQ Gi ga¨we›`y]
(2) O we›`y n‡Z OD ⊥ AC AuvwK|
OA = OA [mvaviY evû]
(3) GLb, O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i OD Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
myZivs OPA  OQA
GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Zvn‡j Giƒ‡c Aw¼Z e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|  OAP = OAQ
M. g‡b Kwi, ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß O †K›`ªwewkó e„ËwU DEF| DEF (2) †h‡nZz †KvYØq îwLK hyMj †KvY Ges Zv‡ì cwigvc mgvb
e„‡Ë Giƒc `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e hv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY  OAP = OAQ = 1 mg‡KvY
60. AZGe, OA ⊥ PQ (cÖgvwYZ)
M.
R
O
O

Q P
P D A Q
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó cvK©‡K ¯úk© K‡i AP GKwU iv¯Ív
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó PQR GKwU e„Ë| PQ Pv‡ci Dci Av‡Q| OA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx cv‡K©i e¨vmva©| cÖgvb Ki‡Z n‡e
`Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY PRQ Ges †K›`ª¯’ †KvY POQ †h, AP ⊥ OA.
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, POQ = 2PRQ A¼b : AP Gi Dci †h †Kvb we›`y Q †bB| O, Q †hvM Kwi|
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, RQ †iLvsk †K›`ªMvgx bq| G‡ÿ‡Î R we›`y cÖgvY : AP ¯úk©K, OA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
w`‡q †K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk RD AuvwK| ¯úk©‡Ki Dci A we›`y Qvov Ab¨ mKj we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i
_vK‡e|
cÖgvY :
 Q we›`y e„‡Ëi evwn‡i _vK‡e|
avc h_v_©Zv  OQ > e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
(1) ROP Gi ewnt¯’ †KvY  OQ > OA
POD = PRO + RPO [ewnt¯’ †KvY AšÍt¯’ ¯úk©‡Ki Dci A we›`y Qvov Ab¨ mKj we›`yi Rb¨ OQ > OA
wecixZ †KvYØ‡qi mgwói n‡e| A_©vr O n‡Z AP Gi Dci OA ¶z`ªZg `~iZ¡|
(2) Avevi, ROP G OR = OP mgvb]  OA ⊥ AP
 RPO = PRO AP ⊥ OA (cÖgvwYZ)
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
M.
[mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg A
 POD = PRO + PRO msjMœ †KvY `yBwU mgvb]
 POD = 2PRO
O
GKBfv‡e, ROQ †_‡K, P
QOD = 2QRO C
(3) myZivs POD + QOD B
= 2PRO + 2QRO [†hvM K‡i] g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó ABC GKwU e„ËvKvi cvK©| Giƒc
A_©vr, POQ = 2PRQ `ywU iv¯Ív ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb iv¯ÍvØq cvK©‡K †eób K‡i
(cÖgvwYZ) Ges iv¯ÍvØ‡qi AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq|
œ 7  ingvb mv‡n‡ei evwoi mvg‡b GKwU e„ËvKvi cvK© Av‡Q|
cÖk- A¼b:
(1) O, B †hvM Kwi|
cvK©wU‡K ¯úk© K‡i Gi GK cv‡k GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
(2) AOB = 120 AuvwK|
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn cvK© I iv¯Ívi GKwU wPwýZ wPÎ (3) A I B we›`y‡Z OA I OB Gi Dci AP I BP j¤^
AsKb Ki| 2 AuvwK|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, iv¯ÍvwU cv‡K©i †K›`ª n‡Z ¯úk© ¯’vb AP I BP B wb‡Y©q iv¯Ív|
ch©šÍ †iLvs‡ki Dci j¤^| 4 œ 8  P †K›`ª wewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 4 †m.wg. Ges e„‡Ëi
cÖk-
M. cv‡K©i `yB cv‡k Giƒc `ywU iv¯Ív ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y O|
†hb iv¯ÍvØq cvK©‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ges iv¯ÍvØ‡qi K. e„ËwU AuvK| 2
AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq| [AsK‡bi wPý I weeiY L. O n‡Z e„‡Ë OM Ges ON `ywU ¯úk©K AuvK|
Avek¨K] 4 [A¼‡bi wPý Ges weeiY Avek¨K] 4
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. cÖgvY Ki †h, OM †iLvsk PM †iLvs‡ki Dci
j¤^| 4
K.  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, P †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 4 †m.wg.
4
 e„ËwUi e¨vmva© = 2 ev, 2 †m.wg.
O
P  P †K †K›`ª K‡i 2 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wb‡q e„ËwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„ËvKvi cvK©| AP iv¯ÍvwU 2 †m.wg.

cvK©‡K A we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| P
L.
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, P †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi evB‡i O GKwU we›`y| O M.
we›`y n‡Z e„‡Ë `ywU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e| C
N
O
x
O P A F B
M D
A¼b : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ëi AB I CD R¨v `ywU e„‡Ëi
(1) O, P †hvM Kwi| Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z E we›`y‡Z ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y †Q`
(2) GLb, X †K †K›`ª K‡i XO Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU K‡i‡Q| A, O Ges D, O †hvM Kivq AOD Drcbœ nq|
e„Ë AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Aw¼Z e„ËwU P †K›`ªwewkó e„Ë‡K M I Avevi, O, C Ges O, B †hvM Kivq BOC Drcbœ nq|
N we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY|
(4) O, M; O, N †hvM Kwi| A¼b : B, D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, OM I ON-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©KØq| cÖgvY :
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OM †iLvsk PM †iLvs‡ki Dci j¤^| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) GKB Pvc AD-Gi Ici `Êvqgvb
P †K›`ª¯’ AOD Ges e„Ë¯’ ABD.
1

2
AOD = ABD [e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci Ici
O `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’ †KvY
M Q †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi A‡a©K]
A¼b : OM †iLvs‡ki Dci †h †Kv‡bv we›`y Q wbB Ges P, Q A_©vr, AOD = 2ABD .... .... ...... (i)
†hvM Kwi| Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq †h,
cÖgvY : †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi M we›`y‡Z OM GKwU ¯úk©K, †m‡nZz H  BOC = 2BDC .... .... ..............(ii)
M we›`y e¨ZxZ OM Gi Dci¯’ Ab¨ mKj we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i (2) (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
_vK‡e| AOD + BOC = 2AOB + 2BDC
myZivs, Q we›`ywU e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z| ev, AOD + BOC = 2(ABD + BDC)
 PQ, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© PM Gi †P‡q eo| ev, AOD + BOC = 2(EBD + EDB) ..........(iii)
 PQ > PM Ges Zv ¯úk© we›`y M e¨ZxZ OM Gi Dci¯’ GLb, EBD Gi
me Q we›`yi Rb¨ mZ¨| EBD + EDB = 1 mg‡KvY ..........(iv)
 †K›`ª P n‡Z OM ¯úk©‡Ki Dci PM nj ¶z`ªZg `~iZ¡| [KviY AB ⊥ CD e‡j
wKš‘, Rvbv Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi ewn¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K BED = GK mg‡KvY]
D³ mij‡iLv ch©šÍ hZ¸‡jv †iLvsk Uvbv hvq Zb¥‡a¨ j¤^ (3) (iv) Gi gvb (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
†iLvskwU ¶z`ªZg| AOB + BOC = 2  1 mg‡KvY
myZivs OM †iLvsk PM †iLvsk‡bi Dci j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ) = `yB mg‡KvY (cÖgvwYZ)
œ 10  ABC Ggb GKwU wÎfzR hvi AB, BC, CA evûi ˆ`N©¨
œ 9  O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v †hLv‡b, OE ⊥ cÖk-
cÖk-
AB Ges OF ⊥ CD| h_vµ‡g 5cm, 6cm, 4.5cm.
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wÎfzRwU AuvK| 2
L. hw` AB = CD nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, OE = OF. 4 L. D³ wÎfz RwUi GKwU AšÍe© „ Ë A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi
M. hw` R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
mg‡Kv‡Y ci¯úi‡K †Q` K‡i Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, M. D³ wÎfzRwUi CA evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i GKwU ewnte„Ë
AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| 4 A¼b Ki| [A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
K. K.
F D A
C
O
A E B
B C
g‡b Kwi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges AB I CD e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb 6 cm
R¨v| OE ⊥ AB Ges OF ⊥ CD. ABC Ggb GKwU wÎfzR hvi AB, BC, CA evûi ˆ`N©¨
L. Abykxjbx 8.1 Gi Dccv`¨-2 c„ôv-133 bs `ªóe¨| h_vµ‡g 5cm, 6cm I 4.5 cm.
L. g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| A_©vr ABC Gi wfZ‡i Ggb K. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë PQRS PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ|
GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv BC, CA I AB evû wZbwUi O †K›`ª n‡Z PS Ges RQ Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OF Ges OE j¤^
cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K ¯úk© K‡i| AuvwK| Zvn‡j EF †iLvsk PS R¨v Gi j¤^ mgwØLÊK|
A R E Q
O

M L F
S P
O
L. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë PQRS
B
D C PZzf©yRwU AšÍwjwL©Z n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQR +
A¼b : (1) ABC I ACB Gi mgwØLÊKØq BL I CM PSR = 180
AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| S R
(2) O †_‡K BC Gi Dci OD j¤^ AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi, Zv 
O
BC †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
(3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OD Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë P Q
AuvwK| Zvn‡j, GB e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q AšÍe„©Ë| cÖgvY :
M. g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wÎfzR| Gi CA evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
GKwU ewnte„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë (1) GKB Pvc PSR Gi Dci [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv wÎfzRwUi CA evû‡K Ges Aci evûi `Êvqgvb cÖe„× †K›`ª¯’ `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y|]
ewa©Zvsk‡K ¯úk© K‡i|
POR = 2(e„Ë¯’ PQR)
E
A_©vr cÖe„× POR = 2PQR
(2) Avevi GKB Pvc PQR Gi [GKB Pv‡ci Dci
M
Dci `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ cÖe„× †KvY `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY
A O
L POR = 2(e„Ë¯’ PSR) e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y]
A_©vr POR = 2PSR
B
H D  cÖe„× †KvY POR + POR
C
= 2(PQR + PSR)
A¼b : (1) BC I BA evû‡Kh_vµ‡g D I E ch©šÍ ewa©Z wKš‘ cÖe„× †KvY POR +
Kwi| POR = Pvi mg‡KvY
(2) DCA I CAE Gi mgwØLÊK CM I AL AuvwK| g‡b  2(PQR + PSR) = Pvi
Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| mg‡KvY
(3) O †_‡K AC Gi Dci OH j¤^ AuvwK Ges g‡b Kwi, Zv  PQR + PSR = `yB
AC †K H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| mg‡KvY = 180 (cÖgvwYZ)
M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi PQ I RS R¨v
(4) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OH Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
`yBwU e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| P, O; Q, O; R, O
AuvwK| Zvn‡j, GB e„ËwUB wb‡Y©q ewnte„©Ë|
Ges S, O †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
œ 11  O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë PQRS PZzf©yRwU AšÍwj©wLZ| EF
cÖk- cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
†iLv PS R¨v Gi j¤^ mgwØLÊK| 2RDP = (QOS  POR
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 D
L. cÖgvb Ki †h, PQR + PSR = 180 4

M. hw` PQ I RS R¨v `yBwU e„‡Ëi evwn‡i D we›`y‡Z R
P
†Q` K‡i Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, PR I QS PvcØq
†K‡›`ª †h `yBwU †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡ì AšÍi O
RDP Gi wØ¸Y| 4 Q S
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A¼b : P, S †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) QS Pv‡ci †ÿ‡Î [GKB Pv‡ci Dci  OEM  OFQ AwZfzR evû-me©mgZv
QOS = 2QPS ............(i) `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY Dccv`¨]
 ME = QF
e„Ë¯’ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y] [ †K›`ª n‡Z e¨vmwfbœ
Avevi, PR Pv‡ci †ÿ‡Î [GKB Kvi‡Y]
1
(3) Avevi, ME = 2 MN †h †Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Dci
POR = 2PSR ............(ii)
1 Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v-†K
(2) mgxKiY (i) − (ii) K‡i cvB, Ges QF = 2 QR
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i]
QOS − POR
A_©vr MN = QR (cÖgvwYZ)
= 2(QPS − PSR) .......(iii)
(3) PDS-G M.
[wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY Q
QPS = PDS + PSD
ev, QPS − PSD = PDS wecixZ AšÍt¯’ †KvY O
ev, QPS − PSR = PDR Ø‡qi mgwói mgvb] E
ev, 2(QPS − PSR) = 2RDP M N
ev, QOS − POR = 2RDP [mgxKiY (iii) bs †_‡K] R
 QOS  POR) = 2RDP (cÖgvwYZ) g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi MN I QR R¨v-`ywU e„‡Ëi
Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z E we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| M, O
œ 12  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi MN I QR `yBwU R¨v|
cÖk-
Ges R, O †hvM Kivq MOR Drcbœ nq| Avevi, O, Q Ges
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 O, N †hvM Kivq NOQ Drcbœ nq|
L. †K›`ª †_‡K R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MOR + NOQ = 180
MN = QR. 4 A¼b : R, N †hvM Kwi|
M. R¨v `ywU e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y cÖgvY :
wgwjZ n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, MOR + NOQ = 180. 4 avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (1) GKB Pvc MR-Gi Dci
K. `Êvqgvb †K›`ª¯’ MOR Ges
M Q e„Ë¯’ MNR
1
 MOR = MNR
[ e„‡Ëi GKB Pv‡ci

2
O Dci `Êvqgvb e„Ë¯’
A_©vr MOR = 2MNR ......(i)
†KvY †K›`ª¯’ †Kv‡Yi
N R A‡a©K]
†Ìqv Av‡Q, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges MN I QR e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v| Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq †h,
L. GLv‡b, †K›`ª O n‡Z R¨vØq mg`~ieZ©x| O n‡Z MN I QR NOQ = 2NRQ ...........(ii)
Gi Dci h_vµ‡g `yBwU j¤^ OE I OF A¼b Kwi| (2) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
Q MOR + NOQ
M = 2MNR + NOQ
= 2MNR + 2NRQ
E

O F ev, MOR + NOQ

= 2(MNR + NRQ)
ev, MOR + NOQ
N R
= 2 (ENR + NRE) ........(iii)
GLv‡b, OE = OF [ †K›`ª n‡Z R¨v-Øq mg`~ieZ©x] GLb, ERN-G
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, MN = QR ENR + NRE =NER
A¼b : O, M I O, Q †hvM Kwi| (3) (iv) bs Gi gvb (iii) bs G [KviY MN ⊥ QR nIqvq
cÖgvY : ewm‡q cvB, NER = 1 mg‡KvY]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
MOR + NOQ = 21 mg‡KvY|
(1) †h‡nZz OE ⊥ MN
 MOR + NOQ
Ges OF ⊥ QR
= 2 mg‡KvY = 180 (cÖgvwYZ)
myZivs OEM = OFQ
= GK mg‡KvY
(2) GLb, OEM Ges OFQ
mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi g‡a¨ AwZfzR
OM = AwZfzR OQ [Kíbv Abymv‡i]
OE = OF [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri

œ 13  ABC †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wÎfzR|
cÖk- (3) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
K. ABC wÎfz‡Ri GKwU ewne„©Ë Gu‡K †`LvI| 2 AuvwK| Zvn‡j e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
L. wÎfzRwU ¯’~j‡KvYx n‡j cwie„Ë AuvK| 4 ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
M. wÎfzRwU mg‡KvYx n‡j cwie„Ë AuvK| 4 M. mvaviY wbe©Pb : †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z
n‡e|
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A N
K.
F O E
M M
C E
N B C
H
A B D
L.
A F
F
E
N
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| Gi
B
N C cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr, Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv
O M wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU kxl© A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq|
N
N N A¼b :
N (1) AB I BC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR| Gi †iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q`
cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e A_©vr Ggb GKwU e„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e, hv K‡i|
wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU kxl© A, B I C we›`y w`‡q hvq| (2) B, O †hvM Kwi| O †K †K›`ª K‡i OB Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
A¼b : wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
(1) AB I AC †iLvs‡ki j¤^ mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g EM I FN Zvn‡j, e„ËwU A, B I C we›`yMvgx n‡e Ges GB e„ËwUB
†iLvsk AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| ABC Gi wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
(2) A, O †hvM Kwi|

œ 14  3 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wewkó †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †K›`ª C †K›`ª †_‡K L. `Êvqgvb LyuwUi cv`we›`y T †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡j
cÖk-
10 †m.wg. `~‡i GKwU `Êvqgvb LyuwUi cv` we›`y T wPÎwU wbgœiƒc n‡e :
A
K. Z_¨vbyhvqx R¨vwgwZK wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
L. `Êvqgvb LyuwUwUi cv` we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK T C 
Ges †`LvI †h, LyuwUwUi cv` we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y `yBwU
mgvb `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| 4 B
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, ¯úk© we›`yØ‡qi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K e„‡Ë †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, LyuwUwUi cv`we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y `yBwU mgvb
AšÍwj©wLZ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû we‡ePbvq G‡b `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z|
A
wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K¸‡jv †h wÎfzR Drcbœ
K‡i Zv bZzb GKwU mgevû wÎfzR n‡e| 4 T C 

B
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 3 †mwg| †K›`ª wPÎvbymv‡i, TA I TB †iLvØq e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K| cÖgvY
†_‡K 10 †mwg `~‡i GKwU `Êvqgvb LuywUi cv`we›`y T Ki‡Z n‡e †h, TA = TB
Dc‡ii Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎwU wbgœiƒc n‡e : A¼b : C, A; C, B †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
3 †m.wg. avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
T  (1) e„‡Ëi A we›`y‡Z TA GKwU
10 †m.wg.
¯úk©K Ges CA ¯úk© we›`yMvgx
e¨vmva©
 CA ⊥ TA A_©vr CAT = GK [e„‡Ëi †h †Kv‡bv we›`yi  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
mg‡KvY Ici Aw¼Z ¯úk©K K. C B
(2) Avevi, e„‡Ëi B we›`y‡Z TB ¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
GKwU ¯úk©K Ges CB Ici j¤^] O
¯úk©we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©|
 CB ⊥ TB A_©vr CBT = GK [GKB Kvi‡Y]
A
mg‡KvY
A, BI C we›`y wZbwU GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z bq wKš‘
(3) GLb mg‡KvYx ∆TAC Ges
GKB e„‡Ëi cwiwai Ici Aew¯’Z A_©vr we›`y wZbwU mge„Ë|
mg‡KvYx ∆TBC G
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi C we›`y‡Z
AwZfzR TC = AwZfzR TC
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
AšÍt¯úk© K‡i‡Q| C we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z †iLvsk e„ËØq‡K
Ges CA = CB
h_vµ‡g P I Q we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 ∆TAC  ∆TBC
A, B; B, Q; C, A Ges C, B †hvM Kwi|
Q
 TA = TB [mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi P
AwZfzR Ges Aci GKwU
Abyiƒc evû ci¯úi mgvb]
C
A_©vr LyuwUwUi cv`we›`y †_‡K ¯úk© we›`y `yBwU mgvb `~i‡Z¡ BA
Aew¯’Z| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ¯úk© we›`yØ‡qi ms‡hvRK †iLv‡K e„‡Ë Avgiv Rvwb, `ywU e„Ë ci¯úi ¯úk© Ki‡j Zv‡ì †K›`ªØq I
AšÍwj©wLZ mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû we‡ePbvq G‡b wÎfz‡Ri ¯úk©we›`y GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z n‡e|
kxl©we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K¸‡jv †h wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i Zv bZzb GKwU  C, A, B we›`yÎq mg‡iL|
mgevû wÎfzR n‡e| GLb, APC Gi AP = AC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
A
P Q  ACB = APC
O
Avevi, BCQ Gi BQ = BC
B C  BCQ = BQC
wKšÍz ACP = BCQ, [GKB †KvY]
 APC = BQC
R wKšÍz Giv Abyiƒc †KvY|
¯úk© we›`yØq A I B-Gi ms‡hvRK †iLv e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ  APBQ (cÖgvwYZ)
mgevû wÎfzR we‡ePbv Ki‡j wÎfzRwU n‡jv ABC| wÎfzRwUi M. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë P ewnt¯’ GKwU we›`y| P we›`y
kxl©we›`y A, B I C w`‡q wZbwU ¯úk©K Uvbv n‡jv| ¯úk©K n‡Z e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e|
wZbwU h_vµ‡g P, Q I R we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ∆PQR mgevû|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC wÎfzRwU mgevû [mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU †KvY
60]
 A = B = C = 60
GLb PAB = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ C = 60
Ges ABP = GKvšÍi e„Ëvsk¯’ C = 60 A¼b :
(2) ∆ ABP G PAB = 60 (1) O, P †hvM Kwi|
Ges ABP = 60 n‡j P = 60 n‡e| (2) OP Gi ga¨we›`y X wbY©q Kwi|
(3) Giƒ‡c †`Lv‡bv hvq, R = 60 Ges (3) X †K †K›`ª K‡i XO ev XP Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
Q = 60 GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| Aw¼Z X †Kw›`ªK e„Ë O †Kw›`ªK
 ∆PQR-Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY 60 e„Ë‡K A I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
nIqvq wÎfzRwU mgevû| (4) A, P I B, P †hvM Kwi|
AZGe, ∆PQR mgevû| (cÖgvwYZ)  AP ev BP-B DwÏó ¯úk©K|
œ 15  wZbwU we›`y GK mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z bv n‡j we›`yÎq w`‡q
cÖk- œ 16  mg‡KvYx ABC-G ACB = GK mg‡KvY Ges AB AwZfzR|
cÖk-
GKwU e„Ë AuvKv hv‡e Ges we›`yÎq mge„Ë n‡e| K. AB †K e¨vm a‡i GKwU e„Ë A¼b Ki| 2
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ÔKÕ-†Z Aw¼Z e„Ë mg‡KŠwYK kxl©
L. A I B †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi AšÍt¯úk© C w`‡q hv‡e| 4
K‡i‡Q| C we›`y w`‡q Aw¼Z †iLvsk e„ËØq‡K P I M. cÖgvY Ki †h, D³ e„‡Ë AwZfzR AB-Gi ga¨ we›`y
Q we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, APBQ 4 O Ges Gi wecixZ kxl© we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk
M. e„‡Ëi ewnt¯’ †Kv‡bv we›`y †_‡K e„ËwUi ¯úk©K AuvK| 4 AwZfz‡Ri A‡a©K| 4
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 17  g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC| GB e„‡Ëi
cÖk-
K. C GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y n‡jv P|
D
K. P n‡Z e„‡Ëi `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK| 2
L. P n‡Z e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv wbw`©ó
†Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi mgvb nq| 4
A 
B
O M. e„Ë¯’ e‡M©i GKwU cwie„Ë AuvK| 4
K.
wP‡Î, mg‡KvYx ABC G ACB = GK mg‡KvY Ges AB
AwZfzR| GKwU e„Ë A¼b Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi e¨vm n‡jv AB|
L. AB †K e¨vm a‡i O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë ABC hvi Ici D
†h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, e„ËwU mg‡KŠwYK C kxl© w`‡q hv‡e|
C
D
O †K›`ª wewkó ABC e„‡Ëi P GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y| P n‡Z

A  B PA I PB `yBwU ¯úk©K|
O
L. g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU e„Ë Ges EF GKwU
wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| ABC e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e
A¼b : A, D Ges B, D †hvM Kwi| †hb ¯úk©KwU EF †iLvi mgvšÍivj nq|
cÖgvY : mg‡KvYx ABC-Gi
ACB = GK mg‡KvY [†Ìqv Av‡Q ]
Avevi, ADB = GK mg‡KvY [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY e‡j]
 ACB = ADB [DfqB GK mg‡Kv‡Yi mgvb ]
wKš‘, ACB Ges ADB †KvYØq A Ges B we›`yi
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk AB Gi GKB cv‡k Aew¯’Z h_vµ‡g C Ges
D we›`y‡Z Drcbœ †KvY Ges Zviv mgvb|
 A, B, C, D we›`y PviwU mge„Ë|
A_©vr e„ËwU mg‡KŠwYK C kxl© w`‡q hvq| (cÖgvwYZ) A¼b :
C
M. D (1) †K›`ª O †_‡K EF-Gi Ici OD j¤^ Uvwb| OD j¤^ EF
†iLv‡K D we›`y‡Z Ges ABC e„Ë‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q`
K‡i|
B
A O (2) OC †iLvs‡ki C we›`y‡Z CQ j¤^ Uvwb Ges G‡K wecixZ
w`‡K P ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| Zvn‡j PQ-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K,
hv wbw`©ó EF †iLvi mgvšÍivj|
mg‡KvYx ABC-Gi ACB = GK mg‡KvY Ges AwZfzR = AB| M. g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU eM©| Gi cwie„Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
O, AwZfzR AB-Gi ga¨we›`y| AwZfz‡Ri wecixZ kxl©we›`y C
Ges O †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
1
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OC = 2 AB
cÖgvY : ACB = GK mg‡KvY [†Ìqv Av‡Q]
 ACB GKwU Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY|
myZivs, ACB e„‡Ëi AB e¨vm|
Avevi, O, AB-Gi ga¨we›`y|
 O e„ËwUi †K›`ª| A¼b :
OA = OB = OC [ GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© ]
(1) A, C I B, D †hvM Kwi| AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi O
Avevi, AB = OA + OB
ev, AB = OC + OC [ OB = OC] we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
ev, AB = 2 OC (2) O †K †K›`ª K‡i OA-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
1 AuvwK| e„ËwU e‡M©i kxl©we›`y A, B, C I D we›`y w`‡q hvq| O
 OC = AB (cÖgvwYZ)
2 †K›`ª wewkó ABCD e‡M©i wb‡Y©q cwie„Ë|
œ 18 
cÖk- †Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q ev, x = 64 = 8 [abvZ¥K eM©g~j wb‡q,
hvq| KviY ˆ`N©¨ KL‡bv
K. mswÿß weeiYmn e„ËwU AuvK| 2 FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv]
 AB = 8 wgUvi
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri ga¨we›`y| 4 3x 38
M. wÎfzRwUi AwZfzR 10 wg. Ges Gi GKwU evû  BC = 4 wgUvi = 4 = 6 wgUvi
3
AciwUi 4 Ask n‡j e„‡Ëi wÎfz‡Ri Øviv AbwaK…Z 1
 ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
As‡ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 1
= 2  6  8 eM© wgUvi
= 24 eM© wgUvi
K. A 1 1
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 2  AwZfzR = 2  10 wgUvi = 5 wgUvi
[ AwZfzR = e¨vm]
O
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r = 31416  (5) = 7854 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
2 2
 e„‡Ë wÎfz‡Ri Øviv AbwaK…Z As‡ki †ÿÎdj n‡e

B D C = (7854 − 24) eM©wgUvi
= 5454 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans)
g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC e„ËwU ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
kxl©we›`y A, B I C w`‡q hvq| œ 19  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi Dci¯’ P we›`y‡Z PT GKwU ¯úk©K
cÖk-
Ges OP ¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva©| PT Gi Ici †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y Q
L. A
wb‡q OQ †hvM Kiv n‡jv|
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨‡K R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi

O mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, PT, OP Gi Ici j¤^| 4
M. `ywU GK‡K›`ªxq e„‡Ëi e„nËiwUi AB I AC R¨vØq
B C Ab¨ e„ËwU‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| PQ Gi
ˆ`N©¨ 22 †m.wg. n‡j BC-Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx ABC-Gi ABC =
GK mg‡KvY Ges AC AwZfzR| kxl©we›`y A, B, C w`‡q GKwU  19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
e„Ë A¼b Kiv n‡jv| g‡b Kwi, GB e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| cÖgvY K.
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, O, AC-Gi ga¨we›`y| 
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv 
P Q T

(1) ABC = GK mg‡KvY †Ìqv Av‡Q O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i OP e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| P
 ABC, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi [Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY GK we›`y‡Z PT GKwU ¯úk©K AuvwK| PT Gi Ici †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y Q
Aa©e„Ë¯’ †KvY n‡e| mg‡KvY] †bB| O, Q †hvM Kwi|
 A, B, C we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi e¨vm AC L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PT, OP Gi Ici j¤^| †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi P
(2) e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O e¨vm AC Gi Ici we›`y‡Z PT GKwU ¯úk©K, †m‡nZz H P we›`y e¨ZxZ PT-Gi
Aew¯’Z Ges OA = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡j] Dci¯’ Ab¨ mKj we›`y e„‡Ëi evB‡i _vK‡e|
 O, AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y| [ÔLÕ Gi wPÎ †_‡K]  Q we›`ywU e„‡Ëi evB‡i Aew¯’Z|
(cÖgvwYZ)  OQ, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© OP Gi †P‡q eo|
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, A_©vr OQ > OP Ges Zv ¯úk©we›`y P e¨ZxZ PT-Gi Dci¯’ me
AwZfzR, AC = 10 wgUvi we›`yi Rb¨ mZ¨|
g‡b Kwi, j¤^, AB = x wgUvi  †K›`ª O n‡Z PT ¯úk©‡Ki Ici OP n‡jv ¶z`ªZg `~iZ¡|
3x  PT⊥OP
 f‚wg, BC = 4 wgUvi A_©vr PT, OPGi Ici j¤^| (cÖgvwYZ)
[ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨
 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Abyhvqx ] M. e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ª O Ges e„nËi e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨vØq
¶z`ªZi e„Ë‡K P I Q we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| P, Q Ges B, C
(3x4)
2
ev, (10)2 = x2 +
†hvM Kwi| PQ-Gi ˆ`N©¨ 22 †m.wg.|
9x2
ev, 100 = x2 + 16
16x2 + 9x2
ev, 100 = 16
25x2
ev, 100 = 16
x2
ev, 4 = 16 [25 Øviv fvM K‡i] O, P Ges O, Q †hvM Kwi|
ev, x2 = 64 ¶z`ªZi e„‡Ëi OP ¯úk©we›`y e¨vmva© Ges AB ¯úk©K|
 OP⊥AB Z`ªƒc OQ⊥AC GLb, ABC-Gi AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g P Ges Q
Avevi, e„nËi e„‡Ëi AB R¨v‡qi Ici OP j¤^|  PQ =
1
BC
 AP = PB 2
 P, AB-Gi ga¨we›`y| ev, BC = 2 PQ = 2  22 †m.wg. = 44 †m.wg.
Z`ªƒc Q, AC-Gi ga¨we›`y|  BC-Gi ˆ`N©¨ 44 †m.wg.

œ 20  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 4 †m.wg., 5 A¼b :
cÖk-
†m.wg. I 6 †m.wg.| (1) BC evûi mgwØLÊK PQ Ges AC evûi j¤^wØLÊK LM
K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2 A¼b Kwi| PQ I LM ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
L. wÎfzRwUi cwie„Ë A¼b K‡i weeiY `vI| 4 A L
M. Aw¼Z e„‡Ë Giƒc GKwU ¯úk©K A¼b Ki †hb Zv P
wbw`©ó mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj nq| (A¼‡bi wPý I
C
weeiY Avek¨K) 4 B O
 20bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M
Q
K. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a = 4

†m.wg., b = 5 †m.wg. Ges c = 6 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| (2) GLb, O †K †K›`ª K‡i OC ev OB ev OA Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
wÎfzRwU AvuK‡Z n‡e| wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK| e„ËwU A, B, C we›`y w`‡q hv‡e|
4 †m.wg. Zvn‡j wb‡Y©q e„ËwU ABC wÎfz‡Ri cwie„Ë|
a
b
5 †m.wg. M. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó ABC GKwU e„Ë|
6 †m.wg. LM GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLv| ABC e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K
c
A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e hv LM Gi mgvšÍivj nq|
A
A¼b :
(1) e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O n‡Z LM †iLvi Ici ON j¤^ AuvwK| ON
a b e„Ë‡K C we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
A
B
B c D E O
A¼b :
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K c Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q BD Ask
†K‡U †bB| D E
C
(2) BD †iLvs‡ki B I D we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g a I b Gi mgvb e¨vmva©
wb‡q B I D Gi GKB cv‡k `yBwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvc `yBwU
L M
ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| N
(3) A, B I A, D †hvM Kwi|
Zvn‡j, ABC-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| (2) OC †iLvi C we›`y‡Z CE j¤^ Uvwb Ges G‡K wecixZ w`‡K D
ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
L. g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv wÎfzR ABC Gi wZbwU evû AB = 4 †m.wg., Zvn‡j DE ¯úk©KB LM Gi mgvšÍivj Aw¼Z n‡jv|
AC = 5 †m.wg. Ges BC = 6 †m.wg. †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfz‡Ri
cwie„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z n‡e|

œ 21  ABC GKwU wÎfzR †hLv‡b AB = 3 †m.wg., BC = 5
cÖk- œ 22  ABC GKwU m~²‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ABC = 60,
cÖk-
†m.wg., CA = 4 †m.wg.| †h‡Kv‡bv wÎfz‡R wZbwU ewne„©Ë AuvKv ACB = 40 Dc‡ii Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
hvq| K. BAC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
K. ABC wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki| 2 L. ABC wÎfz‡Ri AšÍe„©Ë AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K] 4
L. A¼‡bi weeiYmn ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ggb
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri B I C Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges
GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK| 4
ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, B, P, C, Q
M. ABC wÎfz‡Ri Aci ewne„©Ë `yBwU AuvK| (A¼‡bi weeiY wPý
Avek¨K|) 4 we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
DËi : L. m¤úv`¨-6 Gi Abyiƒc| DËi : K. 80, L. m¤úv`¨-5 Gi Abyiƒc|
œ 23  O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„‡Ë AB I CD ci¯úi `ywU R¨v|
cÖk-
K. Q, AB Gi ga¨we›`y n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, OQ ⊥ AB 2 DËi : K. Dccv`¨-1 Gi Abyiƒc| L. Dccv`¨-2 Gi
L. AB = CD n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, O n‡Z ci¯úi mg`~ieZ©x| 4 Abyiƒc| M. Abykxjbx-83 Gi cÖkœ-4 Gi mgvav‡bi
M. AB I CD ci¯úi e„‡Ëi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y Abyiƒc|
†Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AOD + BOC = `yB mg‡KvY| 4

œ 24 
cÖk- A
M A
P
P
B C
B C
E F
Q E F
K. mg‡iL I mge„Ë Kv‡K e‡j? 2 Q
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BPC = 90 + A

1
4 we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G B I C Gi
2 mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4 n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, B, P, C, Q we›`y PviwU mg„eË|
K mg‡iL : †Kv‡bv †iLvi Dci¯’ we›`y¸‡jv‡K mg‡iL we›`y e‡j| avc h_v_©Zv
mge„Ë we›`y : †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi cwiwai Dci¯’ we›`y¸‡jv‡K mge„Ë we›`y e‡j| (1) ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
L
A 1
BPC = 90 + A ............ (i)
2
P
(2) BQC-G,
BQC + QBC + QCB = 180  (ii)
B C [wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
1 1
(3) wKšÍz QBC = 2 CBE Ges QCB = 2 BCF
1
E F
ev, QBC = 2 (A +C) [BQ, CBE Gi mgwØLÊK]
1
Q
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC G B I C Gi Ges QCB = 2 (A + B)

mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ 1 1
myZivs, BQC + 2 (A + C) + 2 (A + B) = 180
n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BPC = 90 + 21 A [(ii) bs n‡Z]
cÖgvY : 1 1
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv ev, BQC + 2 (180) + 2 A = 180
(1) ABC G A + B + C = 180 1
ev, BQC + 90 + 2 A = 180
[wÎfy‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
1
(2) Avevi, BPC-G  BQC = 180 − 90 − A
2
BPC + PBC + PCB = 180 [GKB] 1
1 1 = 90 − A (iii)
ev, BPC + 2 B + 2 C = 180 2
1 1 (4) GLb mgxKiY (i) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
[ PBC = B Ges PCB = C] 1 1
2 2 BPC + BQC = 90 + A + 90 − A = 180
1 2 2
ev, BPC = 180 − (B + C) (5) BPCQ PZzf©y‡Ri P + Q = 180 nIqvq B, P, C, Q
2
1 1
= 180 − ( A + B + C)+ A we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)
2 2
1 1 œ 25  DEF-G E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z Ges
cÖk-
= 180 − (180) + A
2 2 ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
1
= 180 − 90 + A K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
2 1
1 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, EPF = 90 + 2 D 4

= 90 + A (cÖgvwYZ)
2 M. †`LvI †h, E, P, FGes Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| 4
ev, EQF + 2 (180) + 2 D = 180
K DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wb‡gœ wPÎ A¼b Kiv n‡jv : ev, EQF = 180 − 90 − 2 D
1
D
1
P ev, EQF = 90 − 2 D. ⎯⎯(ii)
E F
5| ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
T 1
S EPF = 90 + D ⎯⎯⎯(iii)
Q 2
wP‡Îi DEF GKwU wÎfzR hvi E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq P 6| (ii) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
we›`y‡Z I ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| 1 1
EPF + EQF = 90 + A + 90 − A = 180
L 2 2
D ev, EPF + EQF = 180.
P
A_©vr EPFQ PZzf‚©‡Ri P + Q = 180
E F  E, P, E Ges Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| (cÖgvwYZ)|
T œ 26 
cÖk-
S P
Q
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, DEF G E I F Gi mgwØLÊKØq P
we›`y‡Z Ges ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|
1 O
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EPF = 90 + 2 D.
cÖgvY : Q T S
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1)  DEF G D + E + F = 180 [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi R
(2) Avevi,  EPF-G mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] wPÎ PT ⊥ QS, O †K›`ª
EPF + PEF + PFE = 180 1 1
1 1 1
K. †`LvI †h, 2 PQR + 2 PSR = 90 2
ev, EPF + 2 E + 2 F = 180 [ PEF = 2 E Ges
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, POQ + ROS = 2 mg‡KvY| 4
1 1 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QS2 −2QT.ST 4
ev, EPF = 180 − 2 (E + F) PFE = F]
2
1 1  26bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 180 − (D + E + F) + D
2 2
1 1 K
= 180 − (180) + D P
2 2
1 1
= 180 − 90 + D = 90 + D (cÖgvwYZ)|
2 2 O
M we‡kl wbe©Pb :  DEF−G E I F Gi
Q S
mgwØLÊKØq P we›`y‡Z I ewnwØ©LÊKØq Q we›`y‡Z wgwjZ T
n‡q‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, E, P, F, I Q we›`y PviwU mge„Ë| R

cÖgvY : PQRS GKwU e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©R|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv  PQR + PSR = 180 [e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ
1| EQF−G [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó †KvYØ‡qi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY]
EQF + QEF + QFE = 180⎯(i) `yB mg‡KvY] 1
ev, 2 (PQR + PSR) = 2  180
1
2| SEF = D + F [wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv †Kv‡Yi
1 1
Ges TFE = D + E ewn:¯’‡KvY Zvi wecixZ ev, 2 PQR + 2 PSR = 90. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)|
†KvYØ‡qi mgwói mgvb]
1 L
3| wKš‘ QEF = 2 FES Ges [EQ I FQ h_vµ‡g FES P
1
QFE = EFT. I EFT Gi mgvwØLÊK]
2 O
1
 QEF = (D + F) Q S
2 T
1
Ges QFE = 2 (D + E). R
g‡b Kwi, †K›`ªwewkó PQRS e„‡Ë R¨v PR Ges R¨v QS
O
1
4| myZivs, EQF + 2 (D + F) ci¯úi T we›`y‡Z j¤^| A_©vr, PT ⊥ QS, PQ I RS PvcØq
1 †K‡›`ª h_vµ‡g POQ I ROS Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
+ (D + E) = 180 [(i) bs n‡Z]
2 cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, POQ + ROS = 2 mg‡KvY|
cÖgvY : cÖgvY : AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
avc h_v_©Zv Avevi, C †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë, AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
1| PQ Pv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb [GKB Pv‡ci Dci `Êvq  CC †iLvi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y A, B n‡Z mvgvb¨ `~‡i Aew¯’Z|
†K›`ª¯’ POQ Ges e„Ë¯’ PSQ gvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ A_©vr CC †iLv GKwU mÂvic_|
myZivs POQ = 2 PSQ †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y] mvaviY R¨v AB †K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
2| RS Pv‡ci Dci `Êvqgvb [GKB Pv‡ci Dci `Êvq  CC †iLv AB †K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
†K›`ª¯’ ROS Ges e„Ë¯’ RPS gvb †K›`ª¯’ †KvY e„Ë¯’ M.
myZivs ROS = 2 RPS †Kv‡Yi wØ¸Y] A
3| POQ + ROS = 2 (PSQ + RPS) [avc (1) I avc (2)]
4| GLb, PTS mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R PTS = GK mg‡KvY [Kíbv]
myZivs TPS + PST = GK mg‡KvY [wÎfz‡Ri wZb C C
ev, RPS + PSQ = GK mg‡KvY †Kv‡Yi mgwó
`yB mg‡KvY]
B
5| AZGe, POQ + ROS = 2  GK mg‡KvY g‡b Kwi, A, B `ywU wbw`©ó we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, A, B
= 2 mg‡KvY| (cÖgvwYZ) we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mKj e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¸‡jv mg‡iL|
M we‡kl wbe©Pb : PQRS GKwU e„Ë¯’ PZzfz©R| A¼b : A, B †K›`ªMvgx `ywU e„Ë AuvwK| awi, e„ËØ‡qi †K›`ª C,
O e„ËwUi †K›`ª Ges PT ⊥ QS. C| C, C †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QS2 − 2QT.ST cÖgvY : C †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
cÖgvY : Avevi, C †K›`ª wewkó e„‡Ë AC = BC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1|  PTQ GKwU mg‡KvYx wZfzR [ PT ⊥ QS]
A_©vr CC †iLvi mKj we›`y A I B n‡Z mg`~ieZ©x|
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, A_©vr A, B we›`yMvgx mKj e„‡Ëi †K›`ª CC †iLvq _vK‡e|
(cÖgvwYZ)
 PQ2 = PT2 + QT2 -----------------------(i)
2| Avevi,  PTS mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î œ 28  myg‡bi R¨vwgwZ e‡· iwÿZ `yBwU †cwÝ‡ji ˆ`N©¨ 5
cÖk-
PS2 = PT2 + ST2 ----------------------(ii) †m.wg. I 6 †m.wg.| mygb Zvi †cwÝj¸‡jvi Øviv 45 I 60 †KvY
3| (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB, ˆZwi Kivi †Póv K‡i|
PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QT2 + ST2------(iii)
4| GLb, K. †cwÝj K¤úv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ 45 I 60 †KvY Gu‡K
QS = QT + TS wPwýZ Ki| 2
ev, QS2 = (QT + TS)2 L. `yBwU †cwÝ‡ji ˆ`‡N©ï mgwói mgvb cwimxgv wewkó
ev, QS2 = QT2 + TS2 + 2QT.TS GKwU wÎfzR AuvK hvi f‚wg msjMœ †KvYØq 45 I 60|
ev, QT2 + TS2 = QS2 − 2QT.TS-----(iv) (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K) 4
5| (iii) bs mgxKi‡Y (QT2 + TS2) Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
PQ + PS = 2PT + QS − 2QT.TS (cÖgvwYZ)
2 2 2 2 M. ¶z ` ª Zi †cwÝ‡ji ˆ`N© ¨‡K e¨vm a‡i GKwU e„ Ë
œ 27  C I C †K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K A I B we›`y‡Z †Q`
cÖk- AuvK| D³ e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡ì
K‡i‡Q| AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY
K. A I B we›`y w`‡q `yBwU e„‡Ëi GKwU mvaviY R¨v AuvK| 2 Avek¨K) 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, CC †iLvsk AB R¨v‡K mg‡Kv‡Y  28bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| 4 K.
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU wbw`©ó we›`y A I B w`‡q hvq
Ggb me e„‡Ëi †K›`ª¸‡jv GKB mij‡iLvq
Aew¯’Z| 4
 
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, C Ges C A L.
†K›`ªwewkó e„ËØq ci¯úi‡K P
11 †m.wg.
A I B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| C C
A, B †hvM Kwi| AB-B
`yBwU e„‡Ëi mvaviY R¨v| B
L g‡b Kwi, C, C †K›`ª wewkó A
45 60
`ywU e„Ë ci¯úi‡K A, B we›`y‡Z x Y
†Q` K‡i‡Q| AB e„ËØ‡qi C C we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv P = 11 †m.
mvaviY R¨v| cªgvY Ki‡Z wg. Ges f‚wg msjMœ `yBwU †KvY I = 45 Iy= 60 †Ìqv
n‡e CC †iLvsk AB R¨v‡K B Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
A¼b : A, B; B, C; A, C Ges B, C †hvM Kwi|
L
M L. wP‡Î LMN I FGH e„Ë `yBwUi †K›`ª h_vµ‡g A I B Ges
Zv‡ì e¨vmva© h_vµ‡g a = 25 †m.wg. I b = 15 †m.wg.| e„Ë
H A G `yBwUi GKwU mij mvaviY ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
(1) e¨vmva© a Gi mgvb K‡i GKwU mij‡iLv XY wfbœfv‡e AuvwK|
(2) GB †iLvi X we›`y †_‡K b e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb Ask †K‡U
D B C E F wb‡j Aci YZ AskwUi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e (a − b)|
A¼b : (3) Gevi A †K †K›`ª K‡i (a − b) Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q
(1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ DF †_‡K cwimxgv P Gi mgvb K‡i DE Ask PQR e„Ë AuvwK|
†K‡U wbB| D I E we›`y‡Z DE †iLvs‡ki GKB cv‡k x Gi (4) A, B †hvM Kwi| AB Gi ga¨we›`y K wbY©q Kwi|
mgvb K‡i EDL Ges y Gi mgvb DEM AuvwK| (5) K †K †K›`ª K‡i KA Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë
(2) †KvY `yBwUi mgwØLÊK DG I EH AuvwK| AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Aw¼Z e„ËwU PQR e„Ë‡K C we›`y‡Z
(3) g‡b Kwi DG I EH iwk¥Øq ci¯úi‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` †Q` K‡i|
K‡i| A we›`y‡Z ADE Gi mgvb DAB Ges AED (6) B, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, BC †iLvwU PQR e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K n‡e|
Gi mgvb AEC AuvwK| (7) GLb A, C †hvM Kwi Ges ewa©Z Kwi| g‡b Kwi, Zv
(4) AB Ges AC iwk¥Øq DE †iLvsk‡K h_vµ‡g B I C LMN e„Ë‡K O we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| (8) B we›`y w`‡q BE || AO AuvwK Ggb g‡b Kwi, Zv FGH
Zvn‡j ABC-B DwÏó wÎfzR| e„ËwU‡K E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i|
M. (8) cwi‡k‡l O, E †hvM Kwi|
Y Zvn‡j, OE †iLvB wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K|
M.
a E
5 cm P P C
x O L
Z
K M
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó XYZ GKwU e„Ë hvi R L 
e¨vm a = 5cm| XYZ e„‡Ë Giƒc `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e A

hv‡ì AšÍfz©³ †KvY 60 nq|
A¼b : XYZ e„‡Ëi cwiwai Dci P †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y D
wbB| O, P †hvM Kwi Ges OP †K L ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb OP Q N F
= PL nq| P †h †K›`ª K‡i OP ev PL Gi mgvb e¨mva© wb‡q wP‡Î A †K›`ª w ewkó LNM e„ ‡ Ëi e¨vmva© a = 25 †m.wg. Ges
GKwU e„ËPvc AuvwK| e„ËPvcwU XYZ e„Ë‡K YI Z we›`y‡Z †Q` PQ GKwU wbw`© ó mij‡iLv| LMN e„ ‡ Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk© K
K‡i| Y, LGes Z, L †hvM Kwi| Au v K‡Z n‡e hv, PQ mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj n‡e|
Zvn‡j YL Ges ZL DwÏó ¯úk©KØq hv‡ì Aš‘f©³ †KvY 60| A¼b :
(1) A we›`y †_‡K PQ Gi Ici RA j¤^ AuvwK| RA, PQ
œ 29  a = 25 †m.wg. Ges b = 15 †m.wg. h_vµ‡g A I B
cÖk- †iLv‡K K we›`y‡Z Ges LMN e„Ë‡K M we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
†K›`ªwewkó `yBwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©| (2) RA †K ewa©Z Ki‡j Zv e„ËwUi L we›`yi mv‡_ †Q` K‡i|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn e„Ë `ywU AuvK| 2 (3) ML †iLvi Ici M I L we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g CD I EF j¤^
L. e„Ë `yBwUi GKwU mij mvaviY ¯úk©K AuvK| Uvwb|
A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 Zvn‡j, CD ev EF-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K n‡e|
M. A †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë Ggb GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv
œ 30  O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi T GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y|
cÖk-
GKwU wbw`©ó mij‡iLvi mgvšÍivj nq| 4
K. T we›`y n‡Z D³ e„‡Ë GKwU ¯úk©K AuvK| 2
 29bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4
K. M. D³ e„‡Ë Ggb `yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK †hb Zv‡ì
O AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq| 4
L
a = 2.5 R
C H
E  30bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
Z
X Y A K. wP‡Î O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi
b=1.5 a−b=1
K B A
P Q T GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y| T
F G
we›`y †_‡K TA ev TB T • O
M
N X
¯úk©K AuvKv n‡jv| B •
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y A I B †K †K›`ª K‡i h_vµ‡g a = 25 †m.wg.
Ges b = 15 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wewkó `yBwU e„Ë LMN I FGH L. A¼b :
AuvwK| (1) T, O †hvM Kwi|
(2) TO †iLvs‡ki ga¨we›`y X wbY©q Kwi|
(3) GLb X- †K †K›`ª K‡i XO-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU L.
e„Ë AuvwK| g‡b Kwi, Aw¼Z e„ËwU cÖ`Ë e„Ë‡K A I B F

L
(4) A, T Ges B, T †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j AT ev BT-B wb‡Y©q ¯úk©K| M
M. A N
O
B
90 H
D B C G D
O 120 60 C ABC-Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ggb GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK‡Z n‡e|
A¼b :
90
A
(1) BC I BA evû‡K h_vµ‡g D Ges F ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi|
wP‡Î O †K›`ª wewkó ABD GKwU e„Ë| ABD e„‡Ë Giƒc (2) ACD Ges CAF-Gi mgwØLÊK h_vµ‡g CM Ges
AN iwk¥ AuvwK| Zviv ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
`yBwU ¯úk©K AuvK‡Z n‡e hv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY 60 nq|
(3) O we›`y n‡Z BF-Gi Ici OL j¤^ AuvwK| O we›`y‡K
A¼b: †K›`ª K‡i OL-Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q GKwU e„Ë AuvwK|
(1) OA †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vmva© wbB Ges AOB = 120 AuvwK| Zvn‡j Giƒ‡c Aw¼Z e„ËB wb‡Y©q e„Ë|
(2) OB iwk¥ e„ËwU‡K B we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| M. ÔLÕ wPÎ †_‡K cvB,
(3) cwi‡k‡l OB †iLvi Ici B we›`y‡Z Ges OA †iLvi Ici ABC mgevû e‡j BAC = ACB = 60
A we›`y‡Z `yBwU j¤^ Uvwb| g‡b Kwi GB j¤^ iwk¥Øq C  ACD = CAF = 120
1 1
we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq| Zvn‡j, AC I BC-B wb‡Y©q GLb, ACO = 2ACD = 2  120 = 60
¯úk©KØq, hv‡ì AšÍf©y³ ACB = 60 n‡e| 1 1
Ges CAO = CAF =  120 = 60
2 2
œ 31  ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR hvi GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5  AOC = 180 − 60 − 60 = 60
cÖk-
†m.wg.|  OAC-G ACO = CAO = AOC
K. mswÿß weeiYmn ABC AuvwK| 2 myZivs, OAC mgevû
L. Gi AC evû‡K ¯úk© K‡i Ggb GKwU ewne„©Ë AuvK|  AO = CO = AC = 5 †m.wg.
O we›`y †_‡K OH ⊥ AC A¼b Kwi hv A †K H we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j,
A¼‡bi weeiY `vI| 4 mg‡KvYx OAH Ges mg‡KvYx  COH-G
M. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 4 AwZfzR AO = AwZfzR CO Ges OH evû mvaviY
 31bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   OAH  COH
1 5
K.  AH = CH = AC = †m.wg.
2 2
A mg‡KvYx COH n‡Z wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cvB,
CO2 = OH2 + CH2
†m.wg. 5 2
a
5 ev, 52 = OH2 + 2()
25
ev, OH2 = 25 − 4
100 − 25
ev, OH2 = 4
B C 75
ev, OH2 = 4
mgevû ABC A¼b Kwi hvi cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5
 OH = 433 †m.wg.
†m.wg.| myZivs e„ËwUi e¨vmva© 433 †m.wg.|
beg Aa¨vq
wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ Bartholomaeus pitiscus
weL¨vZ wÎ‡KvYwgwZwe` ev‡_©v‡jvwgD wcwUmKvm (1561Ñ1613) me©cÖ_g
Trigonometric Ratios Bs‡iwR kã Trigonometry eënvi K‡ib| wZwb weÁvbx †nwUKv‡mi
wÎ‡KvYwgwZK †Uwe‡ji DbœwZ mvab K‡ib|
A b yk xj b x 9 .1
 wÎ‡KvYwgwZ : ÔwÎ‡KvY' kãwU Øviv wZbwU †KvY †evSvq Avi ÔwgwZÕ kãwUi A_© cwigvc †evSvq| Bs‡iwR‡Z wÎ‡KvYwgwZ‡K
Trigonometry ejv nq ÔTrigonÕ wMÖK kãwUi A_© wZbwU †KvY ev wÎfzR Ges ÒmetryÓ k‡ãi A_© cwigvc|
A_©vr, MwY‡Zi †h kvLvq wÎfzR msµvšÍ wewfbœ cwigvc m¤ú‡K© we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zv‡K wÎ‡KvYwgwZ e‡j|
 mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri evû¸‡jvi bvgKiY : mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri evû¸‡jv AwZfyR, f‚wg I DbœwZ bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| Avevi, mg‡KvYx
wÎfy‡Ri m~²‡KvYØ‡qi GKwUi mv‡c‡ÿ Ae¯’v‡bi †cÖwÿ‡ZI evû¸‡jvi bvgKiY Kiv nq| h_v :
K. ÔAwZfyRÕ, mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri e„nËg evû hv mg‡Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû
L. ÔwecixZ evûÕ, hv n‡jv cÖ`Ë †Kv‡Yi mivmwi wecixZ w`‡Ki evû
M. ÔmwbœwnZ evûÕ, hv cÖ`Ë †KvY m„wóKvix GKwU †iLvsk|
P P
O N O N
PON †Kv‡Yi Rb¨ AwZfyR OP, mwbœwnZ evû ON, wecixZ OPN †Kv‡Yi Rb¨ AwZfyR OP, mwbœwnZ evû PN, wecixZ
evû PN evû ON
R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi kxl©we›`y wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ eo nv‡Zi eY© I evû wb‡`©k Ki‡Z †QvU nv‡Zi eY© eënvi Kiv nq| †KvY wb‡`©‡ki
Rb¨ cÖvqkB wMÖK eY© eëüZ nq| wMÖK eY©gvjvi QqwU eûj eëüZ eY© n‡jv :
alpha  beta  gamma  theta  phi  omega 
(Avjdv) (weUv) (Mvgv) (w_Uv) (cvB) (I‡gMv)
cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi weL¨vZ me MwYZwe`‡ì nvZ a‡iB R¨vwgwZ I wÎ‡KvYwgwZ‡Z wMÖK eY©¸‡jv eënvi n‡q Avm‡Q|
 m~²‡Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ : m~²‡Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n
wb‡gœv³fv‡e eY©bv Kiv nq : AwZfyR
m~²‡Kv‡Yi `yBwU evû _v‡K Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU evûi g‡a¨ AmsL¨ we›`y Kíbv Kiv nq| j¤^
cÖwZwU we›`y †_‡K Aci evûwUi Dci j¤^ Uvb‡j GK GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m„wó
nq| mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri wecixZ evûwU‡K AwZfzR, wbw`©ó m~²‡KvYwUi wecixZ m~²‡KvY
evûwU‡K j¤^ Ges Aci GKwU evû‡K f‚wg ejv nq| f‚f‚wwgg
 m~²‡Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK Abycv‡Zi wPÎMZ e¨vL¨v :
g‡b Kwi, XOA GKwU m~²‡KvY| OA evû‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y P wbB| P A
P
†_‡K OX evû ch©šÍ PM j¤^ Uvwb| Zv‡Z mg‡KvYx wÎfzR POM MwVZ n‡jv| GB
∆POM Gi PM, OM I OP evû¸‡jvi †h QqwU AbycvZ cvIqv hvq Zv‡ì XOA
Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ ejv nq Ges Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K GK GKwU mywbw`©ó bv‡g AwZfyR
j¤^
bvgKiY Kiv nq|

O
f‚wg M x
XOA mv‡c‡¶ mg‡KvYx wÎfzR POM-Gi PM evû‡K j¤^, OM evû‡K f‚wg, OP evû‡K AwZfzR aiv nq| GLb, XOA = 
ai‡j  †Kv‡Yi †h QqwU wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ cvIqv hvq Zv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|
PM j¤^
=
OP AwZfyR
= †Kv‡Yi mvBb (sine) ev ms‡¶‡c sin
OM f~wg
=
OP AwZfyR
= †Kv‡Yi †KvmvBb (cosine) ev ms‡¶‡c cos
PM j¤^
=
OM f~wg
= †Kv‡Yi U¨vb‡R›U (tangent) ev ms‡¶‡c tan
OM f~wg
=
PM j¤^
=  †Kv‡Yi †KvU¨vb‡R›U (cotangent) ev ms‡¶‡c cot
OP AwZfyR
OM
=
f~wg =  †Kv‡Yi †m‡K›U (secant) ev ms‡¶‡c sec
OP AwZfyR
PM
=
j¤^ =  †Kv‡Yi †Kv‡m‡K›U (cosecant) ev ms‡¶‡c cosec.
[`ªóe¨ : () †_Uv GKwU wMÖK A¶i, GLv‡b hv GKwU †Kv‡Yi cwigvc wb‡`©k K‡i]
 m~²‡Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© :
g‡b Kwi,  = XOA GKwU m~²‡KvY|
cv‡ki wPÎ mv‡c‡¶, msÁvbyhvqx, A
PM P
OP
sin = cosec =
OP PM
OM OP
cos = sec =
OP OM
PM OM 
tan = cot = x
OM PM O M
myZivs †`Lv hvq †h,
PM OP PM OM
1 sin cosec = . =1 3 tan cot =  =1
OP PM OM PM
1 1 1 1
 sin = Ges cosec =  tan = Ges cot =
cosec sin cot tan
OM OP PM
2 cos sec =  =1
OP OM PM OP
4 tan = = [je I ni‡K OP Øviv fvM K‡i]
  OM OM
 cos = Ges sec =
sec cos OP
sin cos
 tan = Ges GKBfv‡e, cot = sin
cos
 wÎ‡KvYwgwZK A‡f`vewj wc_v‡Mviv‡mi cÖwZÁv eënvi K‡i †h m¤úK© cvIqv hvq Zv n‡jv :
1 sin2 + cos2 = 1 2. 1 + tan2 = sec2 3 1 + cot2 = cosec2
ev, sin2 = 1 – cos2 ev, sec2 – tan2 = 1 ev, cosec2 – cot2 = 1
ev, cos2 = 1 – sin2
 sin Ges cos Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© :
A_ev wÎ‡KvYwgwZK Abycv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki †h, sin2 + cos2 = 1
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi,  =XOA GKwU m~²‡KvY|
PM ⊥ OX
myZivs, POM mg‡KvYx|
mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri †¶‡Î, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb,
(AwZfyR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f~wg)2
GLb, ∆OPM G,
AwZfyR = OP, j¤^ = PM Ges f~wg = OM
2 2 2
 OP = PM + OM
2 2 2 A
OP PM OM P
ev, 2 = 2 + 2 [Dfqc¶‡K OP2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
OP OP OP
PM 2 OM 2
ev, 1 = OP + OP ( ) ( ) AwZfyR
ev, 1 = (sin) + (cos) 2 2

j¤^ f~wg O x
ev, 1 = sin  + cos   Sin AwZfyR Ges cos = AwZfyR]
2 2 M
 sin2 + cos2 = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]

P A
 sec Ges tan Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© : sec2 − tan2 = 1
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi,  =XOA , GKwU m~²‡KvY|
PM ⊥ OX AwZfyR
myZivs,  POM mg‡KvYx|

mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri †¶‡Î wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb, O x
M
(AwZfyR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f~wg)2
GLb mg‡KvYx ∆POM G,
AwZfzR = OP, j¤^ = PM Ges f~wg = OM
 OP2 = PM2 + OM2
ev, OP2 − PM2 = OM2
2 2 2
OP PM OM
ev, 2 – 2 = 2 [ Dfq c¶‡K OM2 Øviv fvM K‡i ]
OM OM OM
OP
2
PM
2
AwZfyR j¤^
ev, OM( ) ( ) =1  –
OM f~wg = sec Ges f~wg = tan]
 sec2 – tan2 = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]
A
 cosec Ges cot Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© : cosec2 – cot2 = 1 P
cÖgvY : g‡b Kwi,  = XOA GKwU m~²‡KvY|
PM ⊥ OX AwZfyR
myZivs,  POM mg‡KvYx|
mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri †¶‡Î, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb, O  x
M
(AwZfyR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2
GLb, mg‡KvYx ∆POM G,
AwZfyR = OP, j¤^ = PM Ges f‚wg = OM
2 2 2
 OP = PM + OM
ev, OP2 – OM2 = PM2
2 2 2
OP OM PM
ev, 2 – 2 = 2 [ Dfq c¶‡K PM2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
PM PM PM
OP 2
OM 2 AwZfyR f~wg
ev, PM ( ) ( ) =1 –
PM

j¤^ = cosec Ges j¤^ = cot]
 cosec2 – cot2 = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡Pi MvwYwZK Dw³¸‡jvi mZ¨-wg_¨v hvPvB Ki| hyw³ : hLb A = 45, ZLb tanA Gi gvb tan 45 = 1|
†Zvgvi DË‡ii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| Avevi, hLb A = 60 ZLb tanA Gi gvb
(K) tanA Gi gvb me©`v 1 Gi †P‡q Kg| tan 60 = 3 = 1732  1
mgvavb : Dw³wU wg_¨v| A_©vr tanA Gi gvb 1 A_ev 1 A‡cÿv †ewkI n‡Z cv‡i|
(L) cotA n‡jv cot I A Gi ¸Ydj|
mgvavb : Dw³wU wg_¨v| mwbœwnZ evû AB = 8 C
hyw³ : cotA Øviv GKwU †Kv‡Yi cwigvc‡K eySv‡bv nq| AwZfyR AC = (15)2 + 82
A ev‡` cot Gi Avjv`v †Kv‡bv A_© enb K‡i bv| 17
12 = 225 + 64
15
(M) A Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ secA = 5 = 289
12 = 17
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, secA = 5 15 17
1 12  sinA =
17
I secA = 8 A 8 B
ev, =
cosA 5 15 17
5 wb‡Y©q gvb, 17 I 8 ss
ev, cosA = = cos6537
12
[K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i] cÖkœ \ 4 \ ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri C mg‡KvY, AB = 13
 A = 6537 = 6537 †m.wg., BC = 12 †m.wg. Ges ABC =  n‡j, sin, cos I
wb‡Y©q A Gi gvb 6537 tan Gi gvb †ei Ki|
(N) cos n‡jv cotangent Gi mswÿß iƒc| mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri C mg‡KvY|
mgvavb : Dw³wU wg_¨v| AB = 13 †m.wg., BC = 12 †m.wg. Ges ABC = 
hyw³ : cotangent Gi mswÿß iƒc n‡jv cot wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dcvcv`¨ n‡Z cvB,
Ges cosine Gi mswÿß iƒc n‡jv cos| 2 2 2
3 AB = AC + BC
cÖkœ \ 2 \ sinA = 4 n‡j, A †Kv‡Yi Ab¨vb¨ wÎ‡KvYwgwZK ev, 2
AC = AB2 − BC
2
AbycvZmg~n wbY©q Ki| ev, 2 2

AC = (13) − (12)
2
3 A
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, sinA = 4 ev, 2
AC = 169 − 144
AZGe, A †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû BC = 3 Ges AwZfyR AC = 4 ev, 2
†m. wg.
AC = 25 13 †m. wg.
C
ev, AC = 25
5

 AC = 5 B C
12 †m. wg.
4 AC 5
3  sin = =
AB 13
BC 12
cos = =
AB 13
A 7 B
AC 5
Ges tan = BC = 12
 AB = AC2 − BC2
5 12 5
= 42 − 32 wb‡Y©q gvb 13, 13, 12
= 16 − 9 = 7 cÖkœ \ 5 \ ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri B †KvYwU mg‡KvY|
3
AB 7 tanA = n‡j,3 3 sinA cosA = 4 Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
 cosA = =
AC 4 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, tanA = 3
C
BC 3 AZGe, j¤^ = 3
 tanA = = Ges f‚wg = 1
AB 7
2
AwZfyR = ( 3)2 + 12
1 7 3
 cotA = = = 3+1
tanA 3
= 4
A
1 4 =2 1 B
 secA = = 3
cosA 7  sinA =
2
1 4 1
 cosecA = =
sinA 3
Ges cosA = 2
evgcÿ = 3 sinA cosA
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †Ìqv Av‡Q, 15 cotA = 8, sinA I secA Gi gvb †ei Ki|
3 1
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 15 cotA = 8 = 3 
2 2
[gvb ewm‡q]
8
cotA = 15 3
= = Wvbcÿ
4
AZGe, A †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû BC = 15 myZivs
3
3 sinA cosA = evK¨wU mZ¨|
4
 cÖgvY Ki (6 Ñ 20) :
1 1 = secA secA – tanA tanA
cÖkœ \ 6 \ (i) sec2A + cosec2A = 1 1 1
1 1
mgvavb : evgc¶ = sec2A + cosec2A [
 secA =
cosA
Ges tanA = cotA ]
= sec2A – tan2A
1 1 = 1 + tan2A – tan2A
= +
1 2 1 2 = 1 = Wvbc¶
( ) ( )
cos A sinA secA tanA
A_©vr cosA − cotA = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]
1 1
= + 1 1
1 1
(iii) + =1
cos2A sin2A 1 + sin2A 1 + cosec2A
= cos2A + sin2A mgvavb :
=1 1 1
= Wvbc¶ [ sin2A + cos2A = 1] evgcÿ = 1 + sin2A + 1 + cosec2A
1 1
A_©vr, +
sec2A cosec2A
=1 [cÖgvwYZ] =
1
+
1
1 + sin2A 1
1 1 1+
(ii) – =1 sin2A
cos2A cot2A 1 sin2A
1 1 = +
mgvavb : evgc¶ = cos2A – cot2A 1 + sin2A 1 + sin2A
2
1 + sin2A
1 =
( ) ( )
2
1 1 + sin2A
= – cotA
cosA = 1 = Wvbcÿ
= sec2A – tan2A 1 1
A_©vr, 1 + sin2A + 1 + cosec2A = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]
[ cos1 A = sec A Ges cot1 A = tan A] tanA cotA
= 1 + tan2 A – tan2A [ sec2A = 1 + tan2A] cÖkœ \ 8 \ (i) 1 – cotA + 1 – tanA = secA cosecA + 1
=1
= Wvbc¶ mgvavb :
tanA cotA
A_©vr, cos12A – cot12A = 1 [cÖgvwYZ] evgc¶ = 1 – cotA + 1 – tanA
1 1 sinA cosA
(iii) − =1
sin2A tan2A cosA sinA
mgvavb : = +
cosA sinA
1– 1–
1 1 sinA cosA
evgcÿ = sin2A − tan2A sinA cosA
1 1 1 cos2A cosA sinA
= − = − = +
sin2A sin2A sin2A sin2A sinA – cosA cosA – sinA
cos2A sinA cosA
1 − cos A
cosA  cosA 
2
sinA
=
sin2A
sin2A
=
sinA
cosA (
 sinA – cosA + ) 
sinA cosA – sinA
= 2 [ 1 − cos2A = sin2A] sin2A cos2A
sin A = +
cosA (sinA – cosA) sinA(cosA – sinA)
= 1 = Wvbcÿ
sin2A cos2A
1
−
1 = –
A_©vr, sin2A tan2A
= 1 [cÖgvwYZ] cosA (sinA – cosA) sinA (sinA – cosA)
sin3A – cos3A
sinA cosA =
cÖkœ \ 7 \ (i) cosecA + secA = 1 sinA.cosA (sinA – cosA)
(sinA – cosA) (sin2A + sinA. cosA + cos2A)
sin A cos A =
mgvavb : evgc¶ = cosec A + sec A sinA.cosA (sinA – cosA)
[ a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) ]
sin A cos A
= + 1 + sinA. cosA
1 1 =
sin A cos A sinA. cosA
= sinA sinA + cosA cosA 1 sinA. cosA
= +
= sin2A + cos2A sinA. cosA sinA. cosA
= 1 = Wvbc¶ 1 1
sin A cos A
A_©vr, cosec A + see A = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]
( )( )
= cosA sinA + 1
= sec A cosec A + 1
secA tanA = Wvbc¶
(ii) – =1
cosA cotA
tanA cotA
sec A tan A
mgvavb : evgc¶ = cos A – cot A A_©vr, 1– cotA + 1– tanA = secA cosecA + 1 [cÖgvwYZ]
1 1 1 1
= sec A  – tanA  (ii) + =1
cos A cot A 1 + tan2A 1 + cot2A
1
mgvavb : evgcÿ = 1 + tan2A + 1 + cot2A
1 mgvavb :
cosecA cosecA
1 1
evgc¶ = cosecA – 1 + cosecA + 1
= + cosecA (cosecA + 1) + cosecA (cosecA – 1)
1 + tan2A 1
1+ =
tan2A (cosecA – 1) (cosecA + 1)
1 tan2A cosec2A + cosecA + cosec2A – cosecA
= + =
1 + tan2A 1 + tan2A cosec2A – 1
1 + tan2A 2cosec2A
= 1 = Wvbcÿ = [cosec2A = 1 + cot2A ]
=
1 + tan2A 1 + cot2A – 1
1 1 2
A_©vr, 1 + tan2A + 1 + cot2A = 1 [cÖgvwYZ] 2cosec2A sin2A
= =
cot2A cos2A
cosA sinA
cÖkœ \ 9 \ 1 − tanA + 1 − cotA = sinA + cosA sin2A
2 sin2A
cosA sinA = 2 
mgvavb : evgcÿ = 1 − tanA + 1 − cotA sin A cos2A
1
= 2
cosA sinA cos2A
= + 2
sinA cosA 1
1−
cosA
1−
sinA ( )
= 2 cosA = 2 sec2A  sec A = [ 1
cos A ]
cos2A sin2A = Wvbc¶
= +
cosA − sinA sinA − cosA cosecA cosecA
A_©vr, cosecA – 1 + cosecA + 1 = 2sec2A [cÖgvwYZ]
cos2A sin2A
= − 1 1
cosA − sinA cosA − sinA cÖkœ \ 13 \ 1 + sinA + 1 – sinA = 2 sec2A
cos2A − sin2A 1 1
=
cosA − sinA mgvavb : evgc¶ = 1 + sinA + 1 – sinA
= cosA + sinA = Wvbcÿ 1 – sinA + 1 + sinA
=
cosA sinA (1 + sinA) (1 – sinA)
A_©vr, +
1 − tanA 1 − cotA
= sinA + cosA [cÖgvwYZ] 2
=
1 – sin2A
cÖkœ \ 10 \ tanA 1 − sin2A = sinA 2
mgvavb : evgcÿ = tanA 1 − sin2A = 2 [ 1 − sin2A = cos2A]
cos A
= tanA cos2A = 2 sec2A
sinA
=  cosA = sinA = Wvbcÿ = Wvbc¶
cosA
1 1
A_©vr, tanA 1 − sin2A = sinA [cÖgvwYZ] A_©vr, 1 + sinA + 1 – sinA = 2sec2A [cÖgvwYZ]
secA + tanA cosecA – cotA
cÖkœ \ 11 \ cosecA + cotA = secA – tanA 1 1
cÖkœ \ 14 \ cosecA – 1 – cosecA + 1 = 2tan2A
mgvavb :
1 1
secA + tanA
evgc¶ = cosecA + cotA mgvavb : evgc¶ = cosecA – 1 – cosecA + 1
(secA + tanA)(secA − tanA) (cosecA − cotA) cosecA + 1 – cosecA + 1
=  =
(cosecA – 1) (cosecA + 1)
(cosecA + cotA)(secA − tanA) (cosecA − cotA)
[ni I je‡K GKB ivwk Øviv ¸Y K‡i] =
2
(secA + tanA)(secA − tanA) (cosecA − cotA) cosec2A – 1
=  2
(cosecA + cotA)(cosecA − cotA) (secA − tanA) = [ cosec2A = 1 + cot2A]
sec2A − tan2A cosecA − cotA 1 + cot2A – 1
=  2
cosec2A − cot2A secA − tanA = 2
1.(cosecA − cotA) cot A
=
1.(secA − tanA) 1 2
[ sec2A − tan2A = 1; cosec2A − cot2A = 1] ( )

= 2 cotA [
 tan A =
1
cot A ]
cosecA − cotA
= = 2 (tanA)2
=2 tan2A = Wvbc¶
secA − tanA
1 1
= Wvbc¶ A_©vr, – = 2tan2A [cÖgvwYZ]
cosecA – 1 cosecA + 1
secA + tanA cosecA – cotA
A_©vr, cosecA + cotA = secA – tanA [cÖgvwYZ]
sinA 1 – cosA
cosecA cosecA cÖkœ \ 15 \ 1 – cosA + sinA = 2cosecA
cÖkœ \ 12 \ cosecA – 1 + cosecA + 1 = 2sec2A
sinA 1 – cosA 1 + sin
mgvavb : evgc¶ = 1 – cosA + sinA A_©vr, (tan + sec)2 = 1 – sin [cÖgvwYZ]
sin2A + (1 – cosA)2
= cotA + tanB
(1 – cosA) sinA cÖkœ \ 18 \ cotB + tanA = cotA tanB
sin2A + 1 – 2cosA + cos2A
=
sinA (1 – cosA) mgvavb :
(sin2A + cos2A) + 1 – 2cosA cotA + tanB
=
sinA (1 – cosA)
evgc¶ = cotB + tanA
1 + 1 – 2 cosA cosA sinB
= [ sin2A + cos2A = 1] +
sinA (1 – cosA) sinA cosB
2 – 2cosA =
cosB sinA
= +
sinA (1 – cosA) sinB cosA
2(1 – cosA)
=
sinA (1 – cosA)
1
[ cot A = cos A
sin A
sin B
Ges tan B = cos B]
= 2 cosA. cosB + sinA.sinB
sinA
sinA. cosB
1 =
= 2cosecA [
 cosec A =
sin A ] cosA. cosB + sinA. sinB
sinB. cosA
= Wvbc¶
1 – cosA cosA. cosB + sinA. sinB sinB. cosA
A_©vr,
sinA
+ = 2 cosecA [cÖgvwYZ] = 
1 – cosA sinA sinA.cosB cosA. cosB + sinA. sinB
cosA sinB
tanA secA – 1 =  = cotA tanB = Wvbc¶
cÖkœ \ 16 \ secA + 1 – tanA = 0 sinA cosB
cotA + tanB
tanA
mgvavb : evgc¶ = secA + 1 –
secA – 1 A_©vr, cotB + tanA
= cotA tanB [cÖgvwYZ]
tanA
tan2A – (secA – 1) (secA + 1) 1 – sinA
=
tanA (secA + 1) cÖkœ \ 19 \ 1 + sinA
= secA – tanA
tan2A – (sec2A – 1) 1 – sinA
= mgvavb : evgc¶ = 1 + sinA
tanA (secA + 1)
tan2A – (1 + tan2A – 1)
= [ sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A] (1 – sinA) (1 – sinA)
tanA (secA + 1)
=
tan2A – tan2A (1 + sinA) (1 – sinA)
=
tanA (secA + 1) [je I ni‡K 1 – sinA Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
0 (1 – sinA)2
= =
tanA (secA + 1) 1 – sin2A
= 0 = Wvbc¶ (1 – sinA)2
tanA secA – 1 =
cos2A
A_©vr, secA + 1 – tanA = 0 [cÖgvwYZ]
1 – sinA
1 + sin =
cÖkœ \ 17 \ (tan + sec)2 = 1 – sin cosA
1 sinA
= –
mgvavb : evgc¶ = (tan + sec)2 cosA cosA
 sin
= cos cos
+
1 2
[ sin A 1
= secA – tanA  tan A = cos A Ges secA = cosA ]
 tan  = sin  Ges sec  = 1  = Wvbc¶
 cos  cos  1 – sinA
A_©vr, = secA – tanA [cÖgvwYZ]
 
2
sin + 1 1 + sinA
=  cos 
secA + 1
(1 + sin)
2
cÖkœ \ 20\ secA – 1
= cotA + cosecA
=
cos2
secA + 1
(1 + sin) (1 + sin) mgvavb : evgc¶ = secA – 1
=
1 – sin2
(1 + sin) (1 + sin) (secA + 1) (secA + 1)
=
=
(1 + sin) (1 – sin) (secA – 1) (secA + 1)
=
1 + sin [ je I ni‡K secA + 1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
1 – sin
(secA + 1)2
= Wvbc¶ =
sec2A – 1
(secA + 1)2 cosec2A – sec2A
= [ sec2A = 1 + tan2A] GLb, cÖ`Ë ivwk = cosec2A + sec2A
1 + tan2A – 1
4
(secA + 1)2 4–
= 3
tan2A =
4
secA + 1 4+
= 3
tanA 12 – 4 8
secA 1 3 3 8 3 1
= +
tanA tanA = = =  = (Ans.)
12 + 4 16 3 16 2
1 3 3
cosA 4
=
sinA
+ cot A cÖkœ \ 23 \ cosecA − cotA = 3 n‡j, cosecA + cotA Gi gvb KZ?
cosA 4
1 cosA
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cosecA − cotA = 3
=  + cotA
cosA sinA Avgiv Rvwb, cosec2A − cot2A = 1
1 ev, (cosecA + cotA) (cosecA − cotA) = 1
= + cot A
sinA 4
ev, (cosecA + cotA)  3 = 1 [gvb ewm‡q]
1
= cosecA + cotA [ = cosesA] 3
sinA  cosecA + cotA = 4 (Ans.)
= Wvbc¶ b a sinA – b cosA
cÖkœ \ 24 \ cotA = a n‡j, a sinA + b cos A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
secA + 1
A_©vr, = cotA + cosecA [cÖgvwYZ] b
secA – 1 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cotA = a
cÖkœ \ 21 \ cosA + sinA = 2cosA n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, cosA − b2
ev, cot2A = a2 [Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i]
sinA = 2sinA
b2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cosA + sinA = 2cosA ev, 1 + cot2A = 1 + a2 [Dfqc‡¶ 1 †hvM K‡i]
ev, sinA = 2cosA − cosA a2 + b2
ev, cosec2A = a2
ev, sinA = ( 2 − 1)cosA 1 a2 + b2
ev, sin2A = a2
sinA ( 2 + 1) sinA
ev, cosA = = a2
2 − 1 ( 2 + 1) ( 2 − 1) ev, sin2A = a2 + b2
[je I ni‡K 2 + 1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] a2 a
ev, sinA = a2 + b2 = 2 2
( 2 + 1) sinA a +b
ev, cosA = 2−1 a2
Avevi, sin2A = a2 + b2 n‡j,
ev, cosA = ( 2 + 1) sinA a2
1 – cos2A = 2
ev, cosA = 2sinA + sinA a + b2
a2
 cosA − sinA = 2sinA [cÖgvwYZ] ev, 1 – a2 + b2 = cos2A
a2 + b2 – a2
1 cosec2A – sec2A ev, a2 + b2 = cos2A
cÖkœ \ 22 \ hw` tanA = nq, Z‡e cosec2A + sec2A Gi gvb
3 b2
ev, cos2A = a2 + b2
wbY©q Ki|
1 b2 b
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, tan A = ev, cosA = a2 + b2 = 2 2
3 a +b
a sinA – b cosA
ev, tan2A =  3
1 2 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a sinA + b cosA
a.a b.b
ev, tan2A = 3
1
2 2
– 2
a +b a + b2
=
a.a b.b
[gvb ewm‡q]
1 1
ev, cot2A = 3  cot2A = 3 a2 + b2
+
a2 + b2
Avgiv Rvwb, cosec2A = 1 + cot2A a2 – b2
 cosec2A = 1 + 3 = 4 [cot2A = 3] a2 + b2 a2 – b2
= 2 = (Ans.)
Ges sec A = 1 + tan A
2 2 a + b2 a2 + b2
1 4 a2 + b2
 sec2A = 1 + =
3 3

1. ABC Gi B = 90, AB = 3 †m.wg., BC = 4 †m.wg. 1 2 1
n‡j, sin C Gi gvb KZ?  L M N 2
3 3 2
5 4 3 3 11. 5 sin A = 3 n‡j, tan A Gi gvb KZ?
K L M 
3 5 5 5
4 5 3 4
3 K L  N
2. tan  = n‡j cos2  Gi gvb KZ?
4
5 4 4 3
16 25 9 16 12. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î−
K L M 
9 16 16 25 i. cos2  = 1 − sin2 
3.
5
sec  + tan  = n‡j, sec  − tan  Gi gvb KZ? ii. sec2  − tan2  = 1
2 iii. cosec2  = 1 − cot2 
 L M N
5 5 6 5
4. cosec  + cot  = n‡j, cosec  − cot  = KZ?
6 13. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î−
K
1
L
5
M1 
6 i. sin2 = 1 − cos2
6 6 5 ii. sec2 = 1 + tan2
1 iii. cosec2 = 1 − tan2
5. cos  = 2 n‡j, tan  Gi gvb KZ?
3 1
K2  3 M N  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
2 2
6. wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
P
5
5
3
0

Q R
4
4 14. cos Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K cosec  Gi gvb KZ? K
3
L
3

4
N
5
5 4 3 3 5 4 5 4

4
L
5
M
4
N
5 tan2 + 1
15. sin2 − 1
Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
7. wP‡Î AB = 5 †m.wg. BC = 12 Ges ACB =  n‡j,
sin  + cos  Gi gvb KZ? − 35
K  − 2.44 M −1 N 156
A 8
R
3 cm 
x
B C S T
12 cm
5 5 12 17
K L M  16. RT evûi gvb wbY©q Ki|
12 12 13 13
4 K 8 †m.wg. L 10.91 †m.wg.  13 †m.wg. N 7 †m.wg.
8. sin  =
5
Ges  m~²‡KvY n‡j, tan  = ? 17. 1 + tan2  Gi gvb KZ?
5 41 3 4 13 13 12 5
K L M   L M N
5 4 5 5 12 13 13
21
1 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
9. cos  =
2
n‡j, cot  Gi gvb KZ? A
3 cm
1 3 2x
K1  M N2
3 2 x
B c
10.
18. x Gi gvb KZ?
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
1 19. BC = KZ ?
K 6 cm L 2 3 cm  3 3 cm N 4 3 cm

2
sin  Gi gvb KZ?

91 : mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi bvgKiY K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 29. OPN †Kv‡Yi Rb¨−
i. AwZfzR OP P
20. Trigon kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q? (mnR)
ii. mwbœwnZ evû ON
K Bs‡iwR  wMÖK
iii. wecixZ evû ON
M D`y© N evsjv
(ga¨g)
21. wÎ‡KvYwgwZ‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwUi cwigvc wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv O N
nq? (mnR) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K e„Ë L AvqZ‡¶Î 30.
 wÎfzR N mvgvšÍwiK 36 cm

22. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R mg‡Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû †KvYwU? (mnR)
K f‚wg  AwZfzR M DbœwZ N j¤^ 27 cm
23. †Kv‡Yi mivmwi wecixZ w`‡Ki evû‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) 45 cm


 wecixZ evû L AwZfzR
M mwbœwnZ evû N KY©
wP‡Î  †Kv‡Yi mv‡c‡ÿ−
24. i. Gi AwZfzR 45 cm
C
ii. AwZfz‡Ri wecixZ `yB evûi †hvMdj 63 cm
iii. mwbœwnZ evû I wecixZ evûi †hvMdj AwZfz‡Ri mgvb
D O Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

wP‡Î OCD Gi mwbœwnZ evû wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
 CD L OC DOM N CD + CD  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 31 − 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
25. OPN G N = 90 n‡j OPN Gi wecixZ evû wb‡Pi ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C = , B =  Ges AB = 7 †m.wg.;
†KvbwU? (mnR) BC = 25 †m.wg.; AC = 24 †m.wg.|
K PN  ON M PO N OP + PN A
26.
a
 

B C
b
25 †m.wg.
c 31.  †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
7 L 24 M 25 N6
32. wb‡Pi †Kvb †KvYwUi Rb¨ mwbœwnZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 24 †m.wg.? (mnR)
wP‡Î  †Kv‡Yi mv‡c‡ÿ AwZfzR KZ GKK? (mnR) K  M+ N−
Ka Lb c N a2 + c2 33.  †Kv‡Yi AwZfz‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
27. 17 †m.wg., 8 †m.wg. I 15 †m.wg. evûÎq Øviv mg‡KvYx K7 L 24  25 N5
wÎfzR MVb Ki‡j Gi AwZfzR KZ †m.wg. n‡e? (mnR)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 34 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K8 L 15  17 N 23 P
e¨vL¨v : mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î e„nËg evû memgqB AwZfzR n‡e|
28. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 90
i. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv AwZfzR, f‚wg I j¤^ bv‡g
N O
AwfwnZ nq 34. PON Gi Rb¨ AwZfzR wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
ii. ÔAwZfzRÕ, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri e„nËg evû hv mg‡Kv‡Yi  PO L PN MON N PO + ON
wecixZ evû 35. PON Gi mwbœwnZ evû wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
iii. ÔmwbœwnZ evûÕ, hv cÖ`Ë †KvY m„wóKvix GKwU †iLvsk  ON L NP MPO N PO + ON
36. PON Gi Rb¨ wecixZ evû wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)

PM P1M1
= L
PM P1M1
=
K ON  NP MPO N PO + ON OP OP1 OP1 OP
P1M1 OP1 P1M1 OP
M = N =
92 : m`„k mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ OP PM MP OP1
41. POM I P1OM1 m`„k nIqvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
mg~‡ni aªæeZv K OM = OP L P1M1 = PM
OM OM OP
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M
OP
= P1M1  =
OM1 OP1
37. 42.
PM
=
OM
n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
R P1M1 OM1
M
P1M1 OM PM P1M1
K =  =
OM1 PM OM OM1
PM OM1
M = N P1M1 = OM1
OM P1M1
O N
P Q A
OMN I PRQ †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb k‡Z© Giv m`„k
mg‡KvYx? (ga¨g)
OM ON MO MN OM NO MN MO
 = L = M = N = 90
PR PQ PR PQ PR QR PQ RQ
38. AOB I COD-Gi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î G‡ì evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ
C
B
aªæe? (ga¨g) A
D
AB AC A
C 43. BD = CD n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
A
K ABD = ACD  ABD IABD m`„k
 M ABD < ACD N ABD > ACD
D B
O 44.  ABD I ACD m`„k n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g
AB OB AB CD OA AD CD DO  AB = AC L AB.AC = AD2
 = L = M = N = AB AC
CD OD OA DO OB BC AB OA M AD2 = N AD2 =
AC AB
39. 93 : m~²‡Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ
Q A
45. cv‡ki wP‡Î mg‡KvYx POM -G XOA =  ai‡j †Kvb Q
Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK Abycv‡Zi msL¨v KqwU n‡e? (mnR)
P O B
D
PQ AB
Ges PO = AO n‡jÑ
i. POQ I OAB m`„k ii. PQ.OB = AB. OQ
PO AO
iii. =
QO BO
M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) O X
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 6 L5 M4 N3
46. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri m~²‡KvY -Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Abycv‡Zi msL¨v KqwU? (mnR)
K3 L4 M5 6
A
47.  †Kv‡Yi cos Gi AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
P1 mwbœwnZ evû wecixZ evû
P  L
AwZfzR AwZfzR
AwZfzR AwZfzR
M N
O

X mwbœwnZ evû wecixZ evû
M M1 48.  †Kv‡Yi tan Gi AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
wP‡Î POM I P1OM1 m`„k| mwbœwnZ evû wecixZ evû
PM OP K L
40. P1M1 = OP1 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) wecixZ evû AwZfzR
AwZfzR wecixZ evû Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
M 
wecixZ evû mwbœwnZ evû
49. sin I cosec Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 57 − 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
K sin = cosec L sin + cosec = 1
5
1 1
 sin  cosec = 1 N +
sin cosec
=1 3

1 C
e¨vL¨v : sin =  sin cosec = 1 B 4
cosec
57. sin Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
50. POM G  †Kv‡Yi †cÖwÿ‡Z j¤^ PM Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 3 3 4 5
P K  M N
4 5 3 4
wecixZ evû AB 3
e¨vL¨v : sin = AwZfzR = AC = 5
 58. cosec Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
O M 5 4 3 4
 L M N
 OPsin L OPcos M OMcot N OMsec 3 3 4 5
51. Sec  Gi wecixZ AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : cosec =
1 1 5
= =
sin 3 3
1 1 5
K cosec L sin M 
sin cos 59. cos Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
52. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki : 5 4 3 5
K  M N
4 5 5 3
mwbœwnZ evû BC 4
e¨vL¨v : cos = AwZfzR = AC = 5
60. sec Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
5 4 3 3
 L M N
4 5 5 5
OP 1 1 5
wP‡Î POM GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| Zvn‡j PM e¨vL¨v : sec = = =
cos 4 4
kZ©mv‡c‡¶ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 5
K cot L sec  cosec N tan  wb‡Pi Z_ï Av‡j‡K 61 Ñ 63 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
53. cosecant Gi mswÿß iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) C
K cot L sec M tan  cosec
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 41 †m. wg.
54. mg‡KvYx wÎfzR PMO Gi PM wecixZ evû, OM mwbœwnZ
evû I OP AwZfzR n‡j−
A 40 †m. wg. B
wecixZ evû PM
i. sin =
AwZfzR = OP 61. BC Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
 9 †m.wg. L29 †m. wg. M 39 †m. wg. N 49 †m.wg.
mwbœwnZ evû OM
ii. cos =
AwZfzR = OP 62. sin BAC -Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
9 9 40 81
wecixZ evû PM K
40
L
41

41
N
41
iii. tan =
mwbœwnZ evû = OM BC 9
e¨vL¨v : Sin BAC = AC = 41
63. tan BAC -Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
9 9 40 41
55. sin cÖZxKwU− 
40
L
41
M
41
N
40
i.  †Kv‡Yi mvBb-Gi AbycvZ‡K †evSvq BC 9
e¨vL¨v : tan BAC = AB = 40
ii. sin I  Gi ¸Ydj
iii.  ev‡` sin Avjv`v †Kv‡bv A_© enb K‡i bv  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 64 I 65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
56.  †Kv‡Yi cotangent AbycvZ mgvb- 3
1 cos
i. ii.
tan sin 
iii. cosec B 4 C
64. sec = KZ? (mnR)
5 4 3 5 5

4
L
5
M
5
N
3
74. sin = 13 n‡j, cos = KZ? (ga¨g)
65. cosec = KZ? (mnR)

12
L−
12
M
12
N
13
5 4 3 4 13 13 13 12
 L M N 75. sin + cos =? (ga¨g)
3 3 4 5
A
94 : wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ¸‡jvi m¤úK© 13
5
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 
1 C
66. sin = n‡j sec Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) B 12
2 17 13 229 169
1  L M N
13 17 160 229
K1 L2  2 N
2 5 12
e¨vL¨v : sin = 13 , cos = 13
1 A
e¨vL¨v : sin = 5 12 5 + 12 17
2
1  sin + cos = + = =
2 13 13 13 13
AB 2
 sec = =
BC 1
= 2 76. tan2 4. cosec2 A mgvb KZ? (ga¨g)
 K sin2A L cos2A M sin2  sec2
B C
BC = AB2 − AC2 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
2
= ( 2) − 1 2
77. wP‡Î cot  Gi mgvb n‡e−
= 2 − 1 = 1 OP Q
1 i.
67. cosec = 2 2 I cos = n‡j cot Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) OQ
4 2 sec
1 ii. 
K2 L 2 M1  tan O P
2 cos
1 cos 1/4 2 1 iii.
e¨vL¨v : sin = , cot = = = sin
2 2 sin 1/2 2 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
1 3 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
68. sin = Ges cos
2
= 2
n‡j tan = KZ? (ga¨g)
78. wP‡Î−
1 C
K 3 L 2 M1  a
3 i. sinB =
c
1 b c
2 ii. cosB = a
sin 1 c
e¨vL¨v : tan = = = 
cos 3 3 a A B
2 iii. tanB = b
a+c
5 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
69. cot = 13 n‡j tan Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
5 12
K
13
L
5 79. wP‡Î−
5 13 i. tan  = 1
M  1 2
12 5 ii. sin  = 1
5 1 1 13 2
e¨vL¨v : cot = 13, tan = = = 1 
cot 5 5
iii. sin  cos  = 2 1
13
70. secAsinA = KZ? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 tanA L cotA M cosA N sinA K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
a
71. cosecA = b n‡j, tanA = KZ? (ga¨g)
1
i. cosec =
b a2 − b2 a2 + b2 b sin
 L M N
a2 − b2 b b a2 + b2 ii. cot =
cos
3 sin
72. sin =
2
I sec = 2 n‡j tan = KZ? (ga¨g) 1
iii. sec =
K3 3 L6 2 M9 2  3 tan
sin sin 3
e¨vL¨v : tan = = = sinsec = 2 = 3  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
cos 1 2
sec
73. tan I cot Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K tan + cot = 1  tancot = 1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 81 − 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 1
M tan2 + cot2 = 1 N + =1
tan cot
A M sin  – cos  = 1
2 2
N sec  + cosec  = 1
2 2
93. cosec2 −1= KZ? (mnR)

4 K cos2 . sin2  L tan2 
 M cosec2 . sin2   cos2 . cosec2 
C 3 B x
94. sec = y n‡j, cot = KZ? (ga¨g)
81. sin Gi gvb †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
4 5 3 3 x2 − y2 y2 − x2 y y
 L M N K L  N
5 4 5 4 y y x2 − y2 y2 − x2
82. cot Gi gvb †KvbwU? (mnR) x
4 3 4 5 95. cot = n‡j, cosec = KZ?
y
(ga¨g)
K  M N
5 4 3 3
x2 − y2 y x2 + y2 y
83. cossec + tancot Gi gvb †KvbwU? (KwVb) K L  N
K3 2 M1 N0
y x2 − y2 y x2 + y2
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 84 Ñ 86 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 96. sec = x2 + 1 n‡j, tan Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
b 1
cotA = n‡j x L x2 − 1 M N 1 − x2
a x
84. tanA = KZ? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : tan = sec2 − 1 = x2 + 1 − 1 = x
b a b2 b 5
K  M 2 N 97. sec + tan = n‡j sec − tan Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
2
a b a a
85. cosecA = KZ? (ga¨g) K
5

2
M
5
N
3
2 5 3 5
a+b a2 + b2 a2 − b2
K L a2 − b2  N e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb, sec2 − tan2 = 1
a a2 b
ev, (sec + tan) (sec − tan) = 1
86. secA = KZ? (ga¨g) 5
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 ev, 2(sec − tan) = 1
 L
b2 a 2 2
ev, sec − tan = 1  5 = 5
a−b a+b
M N 1
b a 98. cos2 − sin2 = 3 n‡j cos4 − sin4 = KZ? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 87 − 89 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1
3sinA − 2cosA = 0 K3 
3
M1 N2
87. cotA Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : cos4 − sin4 = (cos2)2 − (sin2)2
2 3 5 3 1 1
K  M N = (cos2 + sin2) (cos2 − sin2) = 1 =
3 2 3 5 3 3
cosA 3
e¨vL¨v : 2cosA = 3sinA ev sinA = 2 = cotA 99. cosec2  − 1 mgvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K cos2. sin2 L tan2
88. cosecAcosA = ? (mnR)
M cosec2. sin2  cos2. cosec2
3 2 5 3
 L M N cos 2

2 3 3 5 e¨vL¨v : cosec2 − 1 = cot2 = 2 = cos2.cosec2
sin 
e¨vL¨v : 2cosA = 3sinA
3
cosA
ev sinA = 2
3 100. sec A = 2 n‡j, cot A = KZ? (ga¨g)
3 3 2 3 2
ev, 2 = cosecAcosA K  M N
2 5 2 3
89. sinAcosecA = ? (mnR) 2
1 L2 M3 N
2
3
e¨vL¨v : tan A = sec2A −1 = (32) −1 =
9
4
−1
e¨vL¨v : sin,cosec Gi wecixZ nIqvq sinA Gi mv‡_ cosecA Gi 9 −4 5 5 2

= = =  cotA =
¸Ydj 1 n‡e| 4 4 2 5
101. tan = 3 n‡j, sec = KZ? (mnR)
95 : wÎ‡KvYwgwZK A‡f`vewj K 2 L 10 M 10 2
e¨vL¨v : sec = 1 + tan2 = 1 + (3)2
= 1+ 3 = 2
90. sin cosec2 − 1 = KZ? (mnR)
102.
x
sin = y n‡j cos = ? (mnR)
K1 L sin  cos N sin tan
91. tan 1 − sin2 = KZ? (ga¨g) y2 − x2 x2 −y2 y2 −x2 y2 − x2
K L  N
K cos L sec M cosec  sin y x y x
sin x2 y2 −x2
e¨vL¨v : tan 1 − sin  = tan cos2 =
2
cos = sin e¨vL¨v : cos = 1 + sin2 = 1− =
cos y2 y
92. wb‡Pi †Kvb wÎ‡KvYwgwZK mgxKiYwU mwVK? (mnR) = 1+ 3 = 2
1 + cot  = cosec  L sec  + tan  = 1
2 2 2 2
103. cos + cos2 = 1 n‡j tan = ? (KwVb)
K sin L cos M sec  cosec enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
e¨vL¨v : cos + cos2 = 1 ev cos = 1 − cos2 = sin2
sin 1 115.  †Kv‡Yi mv‡c‡ÿ−
ev, cos = sin ev, tan = cosec i. cos2  = 1 − sin2  ii. tan2  = sec2  − 1
104. tan + cos = 2 n‡j, tan − cos = KZ? (ga¨g) iii. cot2  = cosec2  − 1
0 L1 M4 N 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : (tan − cos)2 = (tan + cos)2 − 4tan. cot = (2)2 − 4. K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
tan.
1
=4−4=0 116. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
tan
i. sin2  = 1 − cos2 ii. sec2  = 1 + tan2
105. sin + cos = 1 n‡j, sin.cos = KZ? (ga¨g) iii. cot2 = 1 + cosec2
1 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
0 L−1 M N1
2
e¨vL¨v : sin + cos = 1
ev, sin2 + 2sin. cos + cos2 = 1 117. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
ev, 1 + 2sin. cos = 1 i. sin2A + sinA = 1 n‡j sinA − cos2A = 0
ev, 2sin.cos = 0 ii. sinA =
1 8
n‡j sinA + cosecA = 3
 sin. cos = 0 3
1 1 iii. sec Gi gvb 1 A‡cÿv e„nËi n‡Z cv‡i
106. sin2 A − tan2A = ? (ga¨g)
K sec2 A L cosec2 A 1 N tan A
Ki L i I ii i I iii N ii I iii
1 1
e¨vL¨v : sin2A − tan2A = cosec2A − cost2 = 1
118. sin = 5 n‡j −
3
tan sec−1
107. sec + 1
−
tan
Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) i. cosec = 3
5
ii. tan = 4
3
1 5
0 L1 M N2 iii. cos = 4
2
(tan2 − sec −1) (sec +1) tan2 − (sec2 −1) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : =
(sec −1) tan tan (1 + sec)
tan  − tan 
2 2
0
= = e¨vL¨v : iii mwVK bq; KviY, cos = 1 − sin2
tan(1 + sec) tan (1 + sec)
2
1 1
108. cos2A − cot2A = KZ? (mnR) = 1− (35) = 1−
9
25
=
16 4
=
25 5
K tanA L cotA 1 N −1 119. sin4A + sin2A = 1 n‡j−
1
109. tanA = n‡j, cot2A Gi gvb †KvbwU? (ga¨g) i. sin2A = cosA ii. tanA = cosecA
3 iii. tanAcosecA = 1
K
1
L
1
M 3 3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
3 3
1
110. cosec2 − 1 = KZ? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : sin4A + sin2A = 1 ev, sin4A = 1 − sin2A = cos2A
1
K cot2 L sec2 M cosec2  tan2 ev, sin2A = cosA ev, tanA = = cosecA
sinA
1 − sin2
111. sin2
= KZ? (mnR) 3
120. tan = 4 n‡j−
 cot 
2 L tan2 M1 N sec2 3
sin i. 4sin = 3cos ii. sin =
112. Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) 5
sin2 + cos2 5
iii. cosec =
 sin L cos M tan N cot 4
113.
4
tan  − sec  + = ?
2 2 (ga¨g)
1 1 3 sin 3
 L M3 N2 e¨vL¨v : tan = 4 ev, = ev, 4sin = 3cos
3 3 cos 4
4 4 ev, 16sin2 = 9cos2 ev, 16sin2 = 9 (1 − sin2)
e¨vL¨v : tan2 − sec2 + 3 = − (sec2 − tan2) + 3 3 5
ev, 25sin2 = 9 ev, sin = 5 ev, cosec = 3
4 −3 + 4 1
= −1 + = = 
3 3 3 121. sin + cos = 2 n‡j −
114.
1
+
1
= KZ? (mnR) i. sin − cos = 0
sec2A cosec2A ii. sin. cos = 1
K0 1 M −1 N2 iii. tan  = 1
1 1
e¨vL¨v : sec2A + cosec2A = cos A + sin2A = 1
2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
122. sin4 A + sin2A = 1 n‡j− 3 2 1
 L M N2
i. sin2 A = cosA 2 3 2
ii. tan A = cosec A 129. sin I cos Gi AbycvZ KZ? (mnR)
iii. tan A. cosec A = 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 3 1
K0 L M N1
4 2
123.  = 45 Gi †ÿ‡ÎÑ  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 130 − 132 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
3 g‡b Kwi,  = XOA GKwU m~²‡KvY|
i. sin2  + tan2  =
2
2
ii. sin2  + cos2 =
3
1
iii. 1 − sin  =
2
2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 130. OP  PM cÖKvkK gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  cosec L sec
M tan N sin
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 131. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cosec Gi gvb cÖKvk K‡i? (mnR)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 124 − 126 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 1 + tan  1 + cot2
4 M 1 + cos2 N cot2 – 1
cosecA − cotA = 3 132. OP = 2a Ges PM = a n‡j cos Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
124. cosecA + cotA Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 1 3 1
1 1 3 3 K
2
 2 M 3 N
K− L M −  3
4 4 4 4
4
e¨vL¨v : cosecA − cotA = 3 cot4 − cot2 = 1
4 133. cot2 Gi mgvb KZ? (ga¨g)
ev (cosecA + cotA) (cosecA − cotA) = 3 (cosecA + cotA) K sin L cos  cosec N sec
4 e¨vL¨v : cot4 = 1 + cot2 = cosec2 ev, cot2 = cosec
ev (cosec2A − cot2A) = 3 (cosecA + cotA)
134. cos2 Gi mgvb KZ? (mnR)
4 K sec L cosec  sin N tan
ev 1 = 3 (cosecA + cotA)
cos2 1
3 e¨vL¨v : cot2 = cosec ev, = ev, cos2 = sin
 cosecA + cotA = sin2 sin
4
125. cotA Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
tan2 tan2
3 −3 7 −9
1 + tan 
2 Ges 1 + cot2
`yBwU wÎ‡KvYwgwZK ivwk|
K− L − N
24 24 24 24
tan 
2
126. cosecA Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 135. 1 + tan2 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K
23

25
M
27
N
29 K cot 2
 sin 
2
M sec  N cos  + 1
2 2
24 24 24 24 tan2 tan2 sin2

e¨vL¨v : = = tan2  cos2 = cos2 = sin2
4 1 + tan2 sec2 cos2
e¨vL¨v : cosecA − cotA = 3 2
3
136. tan  Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
cosecA + cotA =
4 K sin2 cos2 L cosec2  sin2sec2 N cot2 + 1
sin2
4 3 e¨vL¨v : tan2 = 2 = sin2sec2
2cosecA = +
3 4 cos 
tan2 tan2
16 + 9 25
ev, 2cosecA = 12 = 12 137. 1 + tan2 Ges 1 + cot2 Gi mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
2 2 2 2
25 K cot   tan  M cosec  N cot 
 cosecA =
24 tan2 tan2 tan2
e¨vL¨v : = =
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 127 − 129 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1 + cot2 cosec2 − cot2 + cot2 cosec2
1 = tan2  sin2
tan= tan2 tan2
3  + = tan2  cos2 + tan2  sin2
1 + tan2 1 + cot2
127. sec Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) = tan2 (cos2 + sin2)
3 2 1 = tan21 = tan2
K  M2 N
2 3 2
128. cos Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)

mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 3
138. tan A = 4 n‡j sin A =?
4 3 5 5 3
K
5

5
M
4
N
3
144. sinA = 4 n‡j, cosec A Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ KZ?
3 4 1 1 3
139. sin A = 4 n‡j tan A Gi gvb KZ? 
3
L
3
M
4
N
4
4 3 7 7 1
K  M N 145. = KZ?
7 7 3 4 1 + tan2
3 K sec   cos  M sin  N cosec 
mwVK DËi : 5
12
140. cos A = 13 n‡j sin A = KZ? enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
146. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î−
25 144 5 5
K L M  i. sin2 + cos2 = 1 ii. sec2 − 1 = tan2 
169 169 12 13
iii. cot2  = 1 + cosec2 
1
141. tan  = n‡j cot  Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2
1 2 2
 2 L M
2
N 147.  †Kv‡Yi mv‡c‡ÿ−
2 2 2
i. sin2 − tan2 = 1
5
142. hw` cot  = 12 nq, Z‡e sin  Gi gvb KZ? ii. cot2 − cosec2 = 1
iii. sin2 + cos2 = 1
12 12 13 5

13
L
5
M
12
N
12
K i I ii L ii I iii Mi I iii  i, ii I iii
143. tan . cotcos Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
3
j¤^ j¤^ AwZfzR f‚wg 148. sin = 5 n‡j−
K L M 
AwZfzR f‚wg f‚wg AwZfzR 5 3 5
i. cosec = ii. tan  = iii. cos  =
3 4 4
K i, ii I iii L ii I iii
M i I iii  i I ii

œ 1  p = 1 + sinA Ges q = 1 − sinA n‡j⎯
cÖk- = sec A + tan A = Wvbcÿ
p
K. pq Gi gvb KZ? 2 A_©vr q = sec A + tan A (cÖgvwYZ)
4 M. evgcÿ = (sec A − tan A)2
p
L. cÖgvb Ki †h, q = secA + tanA.
1 sin A 2
M.
p
cÖgvY Ki †h, (secA − tanA)2 = q. 4 = ( −
cos A cos A )
1 − sin A2 (1 − sin A)2
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  =
 cos A  = (1 − sin2 A)
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p = 1 + sin A (1 − sin A)2
=
q = 1 − sin A (1 + sin A) (1 − sin A)
cÖ`Ë ivwk, pq = (1 + sin A) (1 − sin A) (1 − sin A) q
= =
= (12 + sin2 A) (1 + sin A) p
= cos2 A (Ans.) = Wvbcÿ
p q
L. evgcÿ = A_©vr (sec A − tan A)2 = p (cÖgvwYZ)
q
1 + sin A œ 2  †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 1 + p Ges  †Kv‡Yi
cÖk-
=
1 − sin A mwbœwnZ evû 2p|
=
(1 + sin A) (1 + sin A) K. Z_¨¸‡jv R¨vwgwZK wP‡Î Dc¯’vcb K‡i Aci evûi
(1 − sin A) (1 + sin A) ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
=
(1 + sinA)2 L. sec2 + tan2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
(12 − sin2 A) 1 + cosec2 1
(1 + sin A)2 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 − cosec2 = − p 4
=
cos2A
1 + sin A
=
cos A K cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i, wb‡P R¨vwgwZK wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv,
1 sin A
= +
cos A cos A
A 2 (1 − p) 1
=  = − = Wvbcÿ|
(1 − p) −2p p
1+p
1 + cosec2 1
x  = − (cÖgvwYZ)
1 − cosec2 p
 œ 3
cÖk-
B C
L
2p
wP‡Î, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR Ges B = mg‡KvY|
AwZfzR 1+p Ges ACB =  †Kv‡Yi mwbœwnZ evû 2p|
g‡b Kwi, AB = x. 12 GKK 13 GKK
GLb, mg‡KvYx ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]

ev, ( 1 + p) = x2 + ( 2p) [gvb ewm‡q]
M N
ev, 1 + p = x2 + 2p
K. cot Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, x2 = 1 + p − 2p
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h,
ev, x2 = 1 − p  x = 1 − p tan2−sin2 = tan2.sin2. 4
 Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 − p . (Ans.) M. R¨vwgwZK c×wZ‡Z cÖgvY Ki †h, sin2 + cos2 = 1 4
L Avgiv Rvwb,  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AwZfzR
sec =
f‚wg K
L
AC
=
BC
[ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ Abymv‡i]
1+p 13 GKK
= [gvb ewm‡q] 12 GKK
2p
1+p
 sec2 = .................. (i)
2p 
j¤^
Avevi, tan = f‚wg M 5 N
cÖ`Ë wPÎ n‡Z cvB, wecixZ evû M = 12 GKK, AwZfzR
AB N = 13 GKK, LNM =  Ges LMN = 90.
=
BC
[ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ Abymv‡i]
1−p
= [gvb ewm‡q]
2p
1−p
tan2 = .........................(ii)
2p
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
1+p 1−p
sec2 + tan2 = +
2p 2p
1+p+1−p 2 1
= = = (Ans.)
2p 2p p
AwZfzR 1+p
M Avgiv Rvwb, cosec = =
j¤^ 1−p
(1 + p)
 cosec2 =
(1 − p)
1 + cosec2
GLb evgcÿ =
1 − cosec2
1+p
1+
1−p
=
1+p
1−
1−p
1−p+1+p
1−p
=
1−p−1+p
1−p
L
∴ f‚wg MN = LN2 − LM2
= (13)2 − (12)2
= GKK|
169 − 144 = 25 = 5
f‚wg MN 5
cot =
j¤^ = LM = 12 (Ans.)

j¤^ 12 j¤^ 12
L ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, tan = AwZfzR = 5 sin = AwZfzR = 13 M N
†Ìqv Av‡Q, LNM =  GKwU m~²‡KvY| ML ⊥ LM
GLb, evgcÿ = tan2 − sin2
myZivs MN mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î AwZf‚R = LN, j¤^ =
sin2
= − sin2 LM Ges f‚wg = MN.
cos2
=
sin2 − cos2sin2 ∴ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,
cos2 (AwZfzR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2
sin2 (1 − cos2)
= ev, LN2 + LM2 + MN2
cos2 LN2 LM2 MN2
sin2.sin2 ev, LN2 = LN2 + LN2 [Dfqcÿ‡K LN2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
= = tan2.sin2 = Wvbcÿ
cos2 2 2
A_©vr, tan2−sin2 = tan2.sin2. (cÖgvwYZ) (LM) + (MN
ev, 1 = LN LN )
M j¤^ f‚wg
ev, 1 = (sin)2 + (cos)2 [∵ sin = AwZfzR, cos = AwZfzR]
ev, 1 = sin2 + cos2.
∴ sin2 + cos2. = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 4  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C mg‡KvY, AB = 29 †m.wg.
cÖk- 20 21
BC = 21 †m.wg. Ges ABC = |
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, sin = 29 Ges cos = 29
1 1 29
K. AC = KZ †m.wg.? 2  cosec = sin = 20 = 20
L. cos2 − sin2 Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 29
M. cosec  − cot  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2 2 4 21
cos 29 21 29 21
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   cot = = =  =
sin 20 29 20 20
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, C = mg‡KvY Ges ABC =  29
29 2 21 2
AZGe, mwbœwnZ evû, BC = 21 †m.wg.
AwZfzR, AB = 29 †m.wg.
 cosec2 − cot2 = ( ) ( )
20
−
20
841 441
A = −
400 400
841 − 441 400
†m. wg.
29 †m.wg. = = = 1 (Ans.)
400 400
œ 5  cot4A − cot2A = 1 GKwU wÎ‡KvYwgwZK mgxKiY|
20
 cÖk-
B C
21 †m.wg. K. DÏxcK n‡Z cosec2A Ges cot4A Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
 wecixZ evû, AC = (29)2 − (21)2 †m.wg. †`LvI| 2
= 400 †m.wg. L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cos4A + cos2A = 1 4
= 20 †m.wg. M. ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß gvb eënvi K‡i †`LvI †h,
sin2A + tan2A = 1 4
wecixZ evû AC 20
L. sin = AwZfzR = AB = 29  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
mwbœwnZ evû BC 21 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cot4A − cot2A = 1
cos =
AwZfzR = AB = 29 ev, cot4A = 1 + cot2A
2 2 ev, cot4A = cosec2A [ cosec2A = 1 + cot2A]
 cos2 − sin2 = (2129) − (2029)  cosec2A = cot4A
441 400 41 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, cosec2A = cot4A
= − = (Ans.)
841 841 841
cos4A 1 cos4A sin2A
ev, sin4A = sin2A ev, sin2A − sin2A = 0
sin4A cos2A
ev, cos4A = sin2A ev, cos2A sin2A − 1 = 0
ev, cos4A = sin2A ev, cos2A cot2A − 1 = 0
ev, cos4A = 1 − cos2A ev, cos2A cot2A = 1
 cos4A + cos2A = 1 (cÖgvwYZ) ev, (1 − sin2A) cot2A = 1
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, cos4A + cos2A = 1 1
ev, 1 − sin2A = cot2A
ev, cos4A + cos2A = sin2A + cos2A
ev, 1 − sin2A = tan2A
ev, cos4A + cos2A − sin2A − cos2A = 0
ev, 1 = sin2A + tan2A
ev, cos4A − sin2A = 0
 sin2A + tan2A = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

œ 6  ABC Gi B = 90, AB = 2 †m.wg., AC = 2 †m.wg.
cÖk-  cot  = 1
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 myZivs, evgcÿ = cosec2 − cot2
2
L. C =  n‡j, sec  − tan  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = ( 2) − 12 = 2 − 1 = 1 = Wvbcÿ
M. †`LvI †h, cosec2  − cot2  = 1 4 AZGe, cosec  − cot2 = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 7  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri B mg‡KvY Ges tanA = 3

cÖk-
K. GLv‡b, ABC Gi B = 90, K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
AB = 2 †m.wg., AC = 2 †m.wg. L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 4cotA sin2A = 3 4
Z_¨g‡Z, M. 1 − tanA + 1 − cotA Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
cosA sinA
4
A
2 †m.wg. K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
2†m.wg.
ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri B mg‡KvY Ges tanA = 3
 C
B j¤^ 3 C
L. GLv‡b, C =   tanA = =
f‚wg 1
  †Kv‡Yi mwbœwnZ evû, BC = AC2 − AB2 3
= 22 − ( 2)2 †m.wg.
B A
= 4 − 2 †m.wg. = 2 †m.wg. 1
AB 2 1 L. DÏxcK n‡Z, tanA = 3

ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, sin = AC = 2 = 1 1
2 ev, cotA = 3  cotA =
3
BC 2 1
cos =
AC 2
= =
2
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, wÎfz‡Ri j¤^ = 3, f‚wg = 1
2
1 Ges AwZfzR = ( 3) + 12 = 3 + 1 = 4 = 2
sin 2 1 2 j¤^ 3
Zvn‡j, tan = cos = 1 =  1
=1 myZivs sinA = AwZfzR = 2
2
2 GLb, 4cotA sin2A = 4cotA(sinA)2
1 1
Ges cos = sec  =  sec = 1  32
2 
3 2
2 = 4
myZivs sec − tan = 2 − 1 (Ans.) 1 3 3. 3

= 4  = = 3
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, sin =
1 34 3
2  4cotAsin2A = 3 (cÖgvwYZ)
1
ev, cosec =
1
[sin cosec = 1] f‚wg AB 1
2 M. cosA = AwZfzR = AC = 2
 cosec = 2
GLb, 1 − tanA + 1 − cotA
cosA sinA
Avevi, tan  = 1
1 1
ev, cot  = 1 [ tancot = 1]
1 3 2 1
2 2 3 23 2 1 1
= + = − =  − 
1− 3 1− 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 2
4 1 4−1 3
= 
1 1
+ 3 3  = − = = = 1 = Wvbcÿ
2 1 − 3  2 3 − 1 3 3 3 3
sec tan
=
1
+
3 A_©vr cos − cot = 1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2(1 − 3) 2( 3 − 1)
AB
=−
1
+
3 M. GLv‡b, sin  = AC
2( 3 − 1) 2( 3 − 1) 1
−1 + 3 C ev, sin  = 2 [ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß]
=
2( 3 − 1) 1 1 1
2 3
2 ev, cosec  = 2 [ sin = cosec]
=
2( 3 − 1)  cosec  = 2
cosec2  − sec2 
=
1 B A GLv‡b, cosec2  + sec2 
3−1 1
(2)2 −   4 12 − 4
2 2
=
3+1
=
3+1
=
3+1
(Ans.)  3 4 − 3 3 8 3 1
( 3 − 1)( 3 + 1) 3 − 1 2 = = = =  = (Ans.)
2 + 
2
2 2 4 12 + 4 3 16 2
œ 8 4+
cÖk-  3 3 3
A
2 †m.wg.
œ 9  wb‡Pi ivwk¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
cÖk-
†m.wg.
1 1
tan = , cot =
cot tan
1
 1
C B Avevi, (1 + tan2) Ges (1 + cot2) Gi wecixZ ivwk (1 + tan2)
K. wPÎ n‡Z mwbœwnZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
1
sec tan Ges (1 + cot2)
L. †`LvI †h, cos − cot = 1 4
1
cosec2 − sec2 K. 1 + tan2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
M. cosec2 + sec2
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
1 1
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 + tan2 + 1 + cot2 = 1 4
1 1
K. mg‡KvYx wÎfzR ABC n‡Z cvB, M. †`LvI †h, 1 + tan2 Ges 1 + cot2 Gi mgwó‡K
AwZfzR, AC = 2 †m.wg.,  †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû, AB = 1 †m.wg.
A tan2 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j cÖvß ¸Ydj sin2sec2 Gi
2 †m.wg. mgvb| 4
†m.wg.

1
1
C

B K. cÖ`Ë ivwk = 1 + tan2
 †Kv‡Yi mwbœwnZ evû, BC = AC2 − AB2 1
= [sec2 − tan2 = 1]
= 22 − 12 †m.wg. sec2 − tan2 + tan2
= 4 − 1 †m.wg. 1
=
sec2
= 3 †m.wg. (Ans.)
= cos2 (Ans.)
BC 3
L. GLv‡b, cos = AC = 2 [(K) n‡Z cÖvß] L. evgcÿ
1 1
= 1 + tan2 + 1 + cot2
1 1 2
Avevi, sec = cos = = =
1
+
1
3 3 1 + tan2 1
1+ 2
2 tan 
AB 1
Ges tan = BC = [(K) n‡Z cÖvß] =
1
+
1
3 1 + tan2 tan2 + 1
1 1 tan2
Avevi, cot = tan = 1 = 3
1 tan2
3 = +
1 + tan  1 + tan2
2
sec tan
 evgcÿ = − 1 + tan2
cos cot = = 1 = Wvbcÿ
1 + tan2
1 1 b2
A_©vr, 1 + tan2 + 1 + cot2 = 1 (cÖgvwYZ) ev, cos2 = a2 + b2
b2 b
1 1  cos = =
M. 1 + tan2
Ges 1 + cot2 Gi mgwó‡K tan2 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j a2 + b2 a2 + b2
a sin – b cos
cÖvß ¸Ydj =  1 + tan2 + 1 + cot2 tan2
1 1 cÖ`Ë ivwk = a sin + b cos
a.a b.b
tan2 tan2 – 2
= + a2 + b2 a + b2
1 + tan  1 + cot2
2
= [gvb ewm‡q]
tan2 tan2 a.a b.b
[sec2 = 1 + tan2 + 2
= 2 + 2 2 2
sec  cosec  2
cosec2 =  + cot2 
a +b a +b
a2 – b2
tan2 tan2
= + a2 + b2 a2 – b2 a2 + b2
1 1 = 2 = 2 
2
cos  sin2
2 a +b a + b2 a2 + b2
2 2
= tan2cos2 + tan2sin2 a +b
a2 – b2
= tan2 (cos2 + sin2) = 2 (Ans.)
a + b2
= tan21 [†h‡nZz cos2 + sin2 = 1] a sin – b cos
= tan2 M. evgc¶ =
a sin + b cos
sin2 1
= = sin2  = sin2sec2 1
a. – b.
3
cos2 cos2 2 2
wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj sin2sec2 Gi mgvb| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) =
1 3
cos a. + b.
œ 10  Avgiv Rvwb, cot2 = cosec2 – 1 Ges cot = sin |
cÖk- 2 2
1
b asin – bcos (a – 3b)
2
g‡b Kwi, cot = a Ges †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU ivwk asin + bcos  =
1
(a + 3b)
K. sin Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 2
asin – bcos (a – 3b) (a – 3b)
L. asin + bcos
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = 
(a + 3b) (a – 3b)
1 3
M. hw` sin = 2, cos = 2 Ges a = b nq Z‡e, [je I ni‡K (a – 3 b) Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
asin – bcos (a – 3b)
2
†`LvI †h, asin + bcos = 3 – 2 4 = a2 – 3b2
( )
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (b – 3b)2
b =
b2 – 3b2)
[†h‡nZz a = b]
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cot = a (
b2(1 – 3)2
b2 =
ev, cot2 = a2 [Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i] – 2b2
b2 (1 – 3)2
ev, 1 + cot2 = 1 + 2 [Dfqc‡¶ 1 †hvM K‡i] =
–2
a
2 2
a +b 1–2 3+3
ev, cosec2 = 2 =
–2
a
1 a2 + b2 4 – 2. 3
ev, sin2 = 2 =
a –2
a2
ev, sin  = a2 + b2
2
=
–2( 3 – 2)
= 3 – 2 = Wvbc¶
–2
a2 a asin − bcos
sin = = 2 (Ans.) A_©vr = 3 − 2 (cÖgvwYZ)
a2 + b2 a + b2 asin + bcos
a
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, sin = 2 2 1
a +b œ 11  tanA =
cÖk-
a2 3
ev, sin2 = a2 + b2
K. tanA + cotA = KZ? 2
a2
ev, 1 – cos2 = a2 + b2 cosec2A − sec2A
L. cosec2A + sec2A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
a2
ev, 1 – a2 + b2 = cos2 1
M. †`LvI †h, cos2A − sin2A = 2 4
a2 + b2 – a2
ev, a2 + b2 = cos2
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cosec2A − sec2A 3 − 1 1
 = = (Ans)
cosec2A + sec2A 3 + 1 2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, tanA =
1 M. Avgiv Rvwb, sec A − tan A = 1
2 2
ev, sec2A = 1 + tan2A = 1 +   = 1 + 3 = 3

3 1 2 1 4
1
ev, cotA =
1  3
3 4
 sec2A =
 cotA = 3 3
1 1+3 4 1 4 3
 tanA + cotA = + 3= = (Ans.) ev, cos2A = 3  cos2A = 4
3 3 3
1 Avgiv Rvwb, sin2A + cos2A = 1
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, tanA = 3 1
3  sin2A = 1 − cos2A = 1 − =
sinA 1 4 4
ev, cosA
= evgcÿ = cos2A − sin2A
3
3 1 3−1 2 1
ev,
secA
=
1 = − = = = = Wvbcÿ
cosecA 4 4 4 4 2
3 1
ev,
sec2A
=
1
[eM© K‡i] A_©vr, cos2A − sin2A = 2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cosec2A 3
cosec2A
ev, sec2A
=3

œ 12  cotA = a
cÖk-
b K. sin Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
L. cos Ges tan Gi gvb KZ? 4
K. cotA + tanA = ? 2 M.  m~²‡KvY n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
a
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, sinA =  2 2y 4 (tan + sec)2
1 + sin
= 1 − sin 4
a +b
a sin A − b cos A
M. a sin A + b cos A
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C mg‡KvY, AB =
13 †m.wg., BC = 12 †m.wg. Ges ABC = |
b
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cot A = a j¤^ A
Avgiv Rvwb, sin = AwZfzR
1 13 †m.wg.
 cotA + tan A = cot A +
cot A ABC n‡Z cvB,
b 1 b a b2 + a2 AB2 = AC2 + BC2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi
= + = + = (Ans)
a b a b ab
a m~Îvbymv‡i] C 12 †m.wg. B
b ev, AC2 = AB2 − BC2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cotA = a ev, AC2 = (13)2 − (12)2
b2 ev, AC2 = 25  AC = 5 †m.wg.
ev, cot2A = a2
AC
b2  sin = AB
ev, cosec2A − 1 = a2
5
b2  sin =
13
†m.wg. (Ans)
ev, cosec2A = a2 + 1
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB AC = 5 †m.wg.
1 b2 + a2
ev, sin2A = a2 f‚wg
 cos = AwZfzR
a2
ev, sin2A = a2 + b2 BC
ev, cos = AB
a
 sinA =  2 (cÖgvwYZ) 12
a + b2  cos =
13
†m.wg.
M. Abykxjbx 91 Gi 24 bs mgvavb †`L| j¤^ AC 5
Avevi, tan = f‚wg = BC = 12 †m.wg.
œ 13  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C mg‡KvY, AB = 13
cÖk-
†m.wg., BC = 12 †m.wg. Ges ABC = | 12 5
 cos = 13 †m.wg. Ges tan = 12 †m.wg. (Ans)
M. Abykxjbx 91 Gi 17 bs mgvavb †`L|
œ 14  PQR GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| PQR =  (m~²‡KvY)
cÖk- =
sin (1 + cos)
1 −cos2
PQR = 1 mg‡KvY| sin + sin cos
K. sin I cosec Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© †ei Ki| 2 =
sin2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, sin2 + cos2 = 1 4 sin sin cos
= 2 +
sin 1 + cos sin  sin2
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1− cos = sin 4 1 cos 1 + cos
= + =
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  sin
sin sin
1 + cos
sin

1 −cos
= (cÖgvwYZ)
K. sin
P 2
œ 15  tanA = 3
cÖk-
K. tan A + cotA = KZ? 2
cosec2 A − sec2A
L. cosec2A + sec2 A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
 5
R
Q M. †`LvI †h, cos2 A − sin2 A = 13 4
DÏxcK Abymv‡i wPÎ, PQR GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
PQR = 1 mg‡KvY Ges PQR =  (m~²‡KvY) 2
GLv‡b, AwZfzR = PQ K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, tan A = 3
wecixZ evû = PR 1
ev, tanA = 3
2
mwbœwnZ evû = RQ
3
wecixZevû PR ev, cot A = 2
Avgiv Rvwb, sin = = .................. (i)
AwZfzR PQ
 cÖ`Ë ivwk, tanA + cotA
AwZfzR PQ 2 3
cosec = = ...............(ii) = + [gvb ewm‡q]
wecixZ evû PR 3 2
4 + 3 13
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ¸Y K‡i cvB, = = (Ans.)
6 6
PR PQ
sin. cosec = . 2
PQ PR L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, tanA = 3
ev, sin. cosec = 1 4
1 ev, tan2 A = 9
 sin = cosec ; BnvBwb‡Y©q m¤úK©|
4
L. ÔKÕ Gi wPÎvbymv‡i, AwZfzR = PQ ev, 1 + tan2 A = 1 + 9
wecixZevû = PR 9+4 13
mwbœwnZ evû = RQ ev, sec2A = 9  sec2A = 9
PR 3
K †_‡K cvB, sin = PQ Avevi, K †_‡K cvB, cot A = 2
PR2
ev, sin2 = PQ2 .................. (iii) ev, cot2A = 4
9
mwbœwnZ evû 9
Avgiv Rvwb, cos = ev, 1 + cot2 A = 1 + 4
AwZfzR
RQ 13
ev, cos = PQ  cosec2A =
4
RQ2 cosec2 A − sec2 A
ev, cos2 = PQ2 ...............................(iv) cÖ`Ë ivwk, cosec2A + sec2 A
mgxKiY (iii) I (iv) †hvM K‡i cvB, 13 13
PR2 RQ2 4 −9
sin2 + cos2 = + =
PQ2 PQ2 13 13
4 + 9
2 + PQ2
PR
ev, sin2 + cos2 = PQ2
13  9 − 13  4
ev, sin2 + cos2 = 1 36
 sin2 + cos2 = 1 (cÖgvwYZ) = 13  9 + 13  4
sin
M. evgcÿ = 1− cos 36
117 −52
sin+ cos 36 65 36 5
= =
(1 − cos) (1 + cos) 117 + 52 = 36  189 = 13 (Ans.)
36
13 9 4
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, sec2 A = 9 = −
13 13
9 9−4
cos2A = =
13 13
13 5
Ges cosec2A = 4 =
13
4
ev, sin2A = 13
cÖ`Ë ivwk, cos2 A − sin2A

œ 16  ABC Gi B = 90, BAC =  Ges tan  =
cÖk-
1 y x2 + y2 x2 − y2
3
DËi : K. cot = x, sec = y
; M. x2 + y2
Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| cÖkœ-21 
K. wPÎ Gu‡K cosec wbY©q Ki| 2 P
cosec2 − sec2
L. cosec2 + sec2
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. 4 sin cos = 3 Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 
1 0 M
DËi : K. 2; L. 2 K. wÎ‡KvYwgwZ Kx? 2
L. cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K sin, cos, tan Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ
œ 17  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C mg‡KvY| AB = 13
cÖk-
eY©bv Ki| 4
GKK, BC = 12 GKK Ges ABC = 
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, cos2 + sin2 = 1 4
K. wPÎ Gu‡K Dc‡ii Z_¨wU Dc¯’vcb Ki Ges wecixZ evûi gvb
œ 22 
cÖk-
wbY©q Ki| 2 A
L. 2sin cos Gi gvb †ei Ki Ges †`LvI †h, sin2 + cos2 = 1 4 2 cm
1 − sin 1 cm
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 + sin
= sec − tan 4

DËi : K. 5 C B
K. wPÎ n‡Z BC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 18  ABC Gi B = 90, AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm
cÖk- sec tan
K. AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 L. †`LvI †h, cos − cot = 1 4
L. C =  n‡j, sin + cos Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 cosec2 − sec2
M. †`LvI †h, cot2 − cos2 = cot2 cos2 4 M. cosec2 + sec2
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
7
DËi : K. 5; L. 5 DËi : K. 3; M. 2
1
œ 19  cosA + sinA = 2 cosA GKwU wÎ‡KvYwgwZK mgxKiY|

cÖk-
3
K. sin2A + cos2 A Gi gvb KZ? œ 23  sinA = 4 n‡j
2 cÖk-
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cos A − sin A = 2 sin A 4 K. A †Kv‡Yi Ab¨vb¨ wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZmg~n wbY©q Ki| 2
1 + sin 
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, (tan  + sec )2 = 1 − sin  4 L. cÖgvY Ki, tanA + cotA = secAcosecA + 1. 4
1 − cotA 1 − tanA
DËi : K. 1 1 cos2A − sec2A
œ 20 
cÖk- M. hw` tanA = nq Z‡e cosec2A + sec2A Gi gvb KZ? 4
Z
3
P 7 3 4 4
DËi : K. cos A = 4 , tan A =  cosec A = 3, sec A =
x 7 7
7
, cot A = 
 3
O y X 4
M œ 24  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R B mg‡KvY| tanA = 3 n‡j,
cÖk-
Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K. AC = KZ? 2
K. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ cot I sec wbY©q Ki| 2
L. R¨vwgwZK Dcv‡q cÖgvY Ki †h, sin2 + cos2 = 1 4 L. 2sinAcosA Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
x sin − y cos 1 − sinC
M. x sin  + y cos  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 + sinC = secC − tanC 4
24 sec A + 1
DËi : K. 5; L. 25 M. wPÎ n‡Z cÖgvY Ki, Gi gvb cot A +
secA −1
sinA cosecA Gi gv‡bi mgvb| 4
œ 25  tanA = cosA, sinA + cosA = m Ges secA + cosecA =
cÖk- DËi : K. 2 GKK|
n n‡j−
œ 27  eiKZ mv‡ne Zuvi evmv A †_‡K 120 wgUvi c~e©w`‡K B
cÖk-
K. †`LvI †h, tanA 1 − sin2A = sinA 2 †Z hvIqvi ci †mvRv DËi w`‡K 50 wgUvi wM‡q Avd‡ivRvi evmv C
tan2A tan2A
L. †`LvI †h, 1 + tan2A + 1 + cot2A = sin2Asec2A 4 †Z †cŠQv‡jv|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, n(m − 1) = 2m.
2 4 K. AvbycvwZK wPÎ A¼b K‡i evmv †_‡K ¯‹zj hvIqvi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. sinc (sec A + cotA) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 26  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri B mg‡KvY Ges AB = BC
cÖk- 1 − sinA 5
= 1 GKK| M. cÖgvY Ki †h, tan A =
1 + sinA 18
4
K. wPÎ Gu‡K Dc‡ii Z_¨wU Dc¯’vcb Ki Ges AwZfz‡Ri gvb 14
DËi : K. 130 wgUvi; L. 3 65
wbY©q Ki| 2
L. 2 sinA cosA Gi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, sin2 A +
cos2 A = 1 4
A b yk xj b x 9 .2
 wewfbœ †Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ
Aa¨v‡qi cvV m¤úwK©Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv wb‡P Zz‡j aiv n‡jv, hv cÖ‡Z¨KwU A‡¼i mgvav‡b we‡klfv‡e mnvqZv Ki‡e| G welq¸‡jv
QvÎQvÎx‡ì Rvbv Avek¨K|
eënv‡ii myweav‡_© 0, 30, 45, 60 I 90 †KvY¸‡jvi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ¸‡jvi gvb (†h¸‡jv msÁvwqZ) wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
†KvY AbycvZ 0 30 45 60 90
1 1 3
sine 0
2 2 2 1
3 1 1
cosine 1 2 0
2 2
1
tangent 0
3
1 3 AmsÁvwqZ
1
cotangent AmsÁvwqZ 3 1 0
3
2
secant 1 3 2 2 AmsÁvwqZ
2
cosecant AmsÁvwqZ 2 2 3
1
 j¶ Kwi : wba©vwiZ K‡qKwU †Kv‡Yi Rb¨ wÎ‡KvYwgwZK gvbmg~n g‡b ivLvi mnR Dcvq :
(i) 0, 1, 2, 3 Ges 4 msL¨v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j wb‡j h_vµ‡g sin0, sin30, sin45, sin60 Ges sin90
1
Gi gvb cvIqv hvq; †hgb, sin 30 = 41 = 2
(ii) 4, 3, 2, 1 Ges 0 msL¨v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj¸‡jvi eM©g~j wb‡j h_vµ‡g cos 0, cos 30, cos 45, cos 60
Ges cos 90 Gi gvb cvIqv hvq;
2 1 1
†hgb, cos 45 = 4
= 2
=
2
cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj¸‡jvi eM©g~j wb‡j h_vµ‡g tan 0, tan 30, tan 45 Ges tan 60 Gi
(iii) 0, 1, 3 Ges 9 msL¨v¸‡jvi
gvb cvIqv hvq| (D‡jL †h tan 90 msÁvwqZ bq)
(iv) 9, 3, 1 Ges 0 msL¨v¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i fvMdj¸‡jvi eM©g~j wb‡j h_vµ‡g cot30, cot45, cot60, cot90 Gi gvb
cvIqv hvq| (D‡jøL¨ †h, cot0 msÁvwqZ bq)|

1 2
cÖkœ \ 1 \ cos = 2 n‡j, cot Gi gvb †KvbwU? 1
1 =
1−( ) + (2)
2
2 [gvb ewm‡q]
 (L) 1 (M) 3 (N) 2 1
2
3
A
1+( )
e¨vL¨v : AC = AB2 − BC2 2
= 22 − 12
1 4−1
2 1−
3 4 4 3 4
= 4−1
= 3 
=
1+
1
+4=
4+1
+4= 
4 5
+4 ( )
BC 1 B 1 C 4 4
 cot = = 3 3 + 20 23
AC 3 = +4 = = (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 2 \ (i) sin2 = 1 − cos2 5 5 5
(ii) sec2 = 1 + tan2 cÖkœ \ 8 \ cos45cot260cosec230
(iii) cot2 = 1 − tan2 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk = cos45cot260cosec230
Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡gœi †KvbwU mwVK? 2
    (2)2
1 1
= [gvb ewm‡q]
 i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N i, ii I iii 2  3
e¨vL¨v : sin2 + cos2 = 1 1 1 2 22 2 2
 sin2 = 1 − cos2 =  4= = (Ans.)
sec2 − tan2 = 1 2 3 23 3
 sec2 = 1 + tan2  †`LvI †h, (9 −15)
 Z_¨vbymv‡i i I ii mwVK|
A cÖkœ \ 9 \ cos2 30 − sin2 30 = cos 60
3
3 mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, cos30 = 2 ;
 1
B 4 C
cos60 =
2
wPÎ Abyhvqx 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1
cÖkœ \ 3 \ sin Gi gvb †KvbwU? Ges sin 30 = 2
K. 4
3
L. 3
4

3 4
N 5 evgc¶ = cos2 30 − sin2 30
5 2 2
= 
1
e¨vL¨v : AC = AB2 + BC2 = 32 + 42 = 25 = 5
 sin =
AB 3
=
3
2 – 2 () [gvb ewm‡q]
AC 5 3 1 3–1 2 1
= – = = =
cÖkœ \ 4 \ cot Gi gvb †KvbwU? 4 4 4 4 2
1
K. 43 L. 53 M. 45 3
4
Wvbc¶ = cos 60 = 2
BC 4
e¨vL¨v : cot = AB = 3 A_©vr, cos230 − sin2 30 = cos60 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cÖkœ \ 10 \ sin 60 cos 30 + cos 60 sin 30 = sin 90
 gvb wbY©q Ki (5 − 8)
1− 3
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 1 + cot260
cot260 mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, sin 60 = 2 ;
1 − cot260 1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk = 1 + cot260 sin 30 = ;
2
2 3
1−  1−1
1 cos 30 =
2
1 − (cot60)2  3 3
1
= = 2= Ges cos 60 = 2
1 + (cot60)2 1
1+  1+3
1
 3 GLb, evgc¶ = sin 60 cos30 + cos60 sin30
3−1 3 3 1 1
3 2 3 1 2
= 
2
+ 
2 2
[gvb ewm‡q]
= =  = (Ans.)
3+1 3 4 2 3 1 3+1 4
3 = + = = =1
4 4 4 4
cÖkœ \ 6 \ tan45. sin260. tan30. tan60 Wvbc¶ = sin90 = 1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk = tan45 sin260 tan30 tan60 A_©vr, sin60cos30+cos60 sin30= sin90 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2
=1 ( ) 2
3

1
3
 3 [gvb ewm‡q]
cÖkœ \ 11 \ cos 60 cos 30 + sin 60 sin 30 = cos 30
3 1
=14
3
 3 = (Ans.) mgvavb :
4
3 evgc¶ = cos 60 cos 30 + sin 60 sin 30
1 − cos260
cÖkœ \ 7 \ 1 + cos260 + sec260 1 3 3 1
=  + 
1 − cos260 2 2 2 2
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk =
1 + cos260
+ sec260 3 3 3+ 3
= + =
4 4 4
2 3 3 1 − ( 3 )2
= = = cos 30 = Wvbc¶ =
4 2 1 + ( 3)2
A_©vr, cos60cos30 + sin60 sin30 = cos30 [ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv ] 1 − 3 −2 1
=−
cÖkœ \ 12 \ sin 3A = cos 3A hw` A = 15 nq| =
1+3 4
=
2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = 15 1 − tan2A
A_©vr, cos2A = 1 + tan2A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
evgc¶ = sin 3A
1 cÖkœ \ 16 \ 2 cos(A + B) = 1 = 2 sin(A – B) Ges A, B m~²‡KvY
= sin (3  15) = sin 45 =
2 n‡j †`LvI †h, A = 45, B = 15|
Wvbc¶ = cos3A mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2cos (A + B) = 1
1 1
= cos (3  15) = cos 45 = ev, cos(A + B) = 2
2
A_©vr, sin3A = cos3A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, cos(A + B) = cos 60
1
2tanA
cÖkœ \ 13 \ sin2A = 1 + tan2A hw` A = 45 nq| [  cos 60 =
2 ]
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = 45 ev, A + B = 60 (i)
evgcÿ = sin2A = sin(2  45) = sin90 = 1 Avevi, 2sin (A – B) = 1
1
2tanA
Wvbcÿ = 1 + tan2A ev, sin (A – B) = 2
=
2tan45
=
21
=
2
1 + tan245 1 + 12 1 + 1 2
2
= =1
ev, sin (A – B) = sin 30 [ sin 30 = 12]
ev, A – B = 30 (ii)
2tanA
A_©vr, sin2A = 1 + tan2A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
90
2tanA
cÖkœ \ 14 \ tan2A = 1 − tan2A hw` A = 30 nq|  A = 2 = 45
2A = 90
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = 30 A Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)−G ewm‡q cvB,

evgcÿ = tan2A B = 60 – A = 60 − 45 = 15
 A = 45 Ges B = 15 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
= tan (2  30) = tan60 = 3
2tanA
Wvbcÿ = 1 − tan2A cÖkœ \ 17 \ cos(A − B) = 1, 2sin(A + B) = 3 Ges A, B
m~²‡KvY n‡j, A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
=
2tan30 mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cos(A − B) = 1
1 − tan230 ev, cos(A − B) = cos0
1  A − B = 0     (i)
2
=
3 Avevi, 2sin(A + B) = 3
2
1− 
1 3
ev, sin(A + B) = 2
 3
2 2 ev, sin(A + B) = sin60
3 3 2 3 3 3  A + B = 60      (ii)
= = =  = = 3 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
1 2 3 2 3
1− A − B = 0
3 3
2tanA A + B = 60
A_©vr, tan2A = 1 − tan2A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 2A = 60
1 − tan2A 60
cÖkœ \ 15 \ cos2A = 1 + tan2A hw` A = 60 nq| ev, A=
2
 A = 30
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, A = 60 A-Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
evgcÿ = cos2A 30 + B = 60
= cos(2  60) ev, B = 60 − 30  B = 30
= cos120 wb‡Y©q gvb A = 30 Ges B = 30.
= cos (90 + 30)
cosA − sinA 3−1
= − sin30 = −
1 cÖkœ \ 18 \ mgvavb Ki : cosA + sinA =
2 3+1
1 − tan2A cosA − sinA 3−1
Wvbcÿ = 1 + tan2A mgvavb : cosA + sinA =
3+1
1 − tan260 cosA − sinA + cosA + sinA 3−1+ 3+1
=
1 + tan260 ev, cosA − sinA − cosA − sinA
=
3−1− 3−1
[†hvRb I we‡qvRb K‡i]   = 90   = 0
2cosA 2 3 wb‡Y©q mgvavb,  = 0 A_ev 90
ev, =
− 2sinA − 2 cÖkœ \ 22 \ mgvavb Ki : cos2 – sin2 = 2 − 5 cos , hLb 
ev,
cosA
=− 3 m~²‡KvY|
− sinA mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cos2 – sin2 = 2 – 5 cos
ev, cotA = 3 ev, cos2  – sin2 − 2 + 5 cos = 0
ev, cotA = cot30  A = 30 (Ans.) ev, cos2  − (1 − cos2) − 2 + 5cos = 0
cÖkœ \ 19 \ A I B m~²‡KvY Ges cot(A + B) = 1, cot(A − B) = [ sin2 = 1 − cos2]
ev,cos2 –1+ cos2 − 2 + 5cos = 0
3 n‡j, A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
ev, 2 cos2 + 5cos − 3 = 0
mgvavb : 1g kZ©vbyhvqx
cot(A + B) = 1
ev, 2 cos2 + 6cos − cos − 3 = 0
ev, cot(A + B) = cot 45 [ cot 45 = 1] ev, 2cos (cos + 3) − 1 (cos + 3) = 0
 A + B = 45 (i) ev, (cos + 3) (2cos − 1) = 0
Avevi, 2q kZ©vbyhvqx nq, cos + 3 = 0 A_ev, 2cos − 1 = 0
cot(A – B) = 3 ev, cos = − 3 ev, 2cos = 1
ev, cot(A – B) = cot 30 [ cot 30 = 3] 1
ev, cos = 2
 A – B = 30 (ii)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, †h‡nZz, cos Gi gvb me©`v – 1 I + 1 Gi gaëZx© myZivs
cos = − 3 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
2A = 75
1
75 1 AZGe, cos  = 2
ev, A = 2 = 37 2
1
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB, ev, cos = cos60 [ cos60 = ]2
B = 45 − A   = 60 
75 wb‡Y©q mgvavb  = 60
= 45 −
2
cÖkœ \ 23 \ mgvavb Ki : 2sin2 + 3cos − 3 = 0,  m~²‡KvY|
90 – 75 15 1 mgvavb : 2sin2 + 3cos − 3 = 0
= = =7
2 2 2
ev, 2(1 − cos2) + 3cos − 3 = 0
1 1
wb‡Y©q gvb A = 37 2 ; B = 7 2 ev, 2 − 2cos2 + 3cos − 3 = 0
ev, − 2cos2 + 3cos − 1 = 0
cÖkœ \ 20 \ †`LvI †h, cos3A = 4 cos3A − 3cosA hw` A = 30 nq| ev, 2cos2 − 3cos + 1 = 0 [−1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
mgvavb : ev, 2cos2 − 2cos − cos + 1 = 0
evgcÿ = cos3A ev, 2cos (cos − 1) − 1 (cos − 1) = 0
= cos (3  30) ev, (cos − 1) (2cos − 1) = 0
= cos 90 = 0 [ cos90 = 0] nq, cos − 1 = 0 A_ev, 2cos − 1 = 0
Wvbcÿ = 4 cos3A − 3cosA ev, cos = 1 = cos0 ev, 2cos = 1
= 4cos330 − 3cos30 1
  = 0 ev, cos = 2 = cos60
= 4  − 3.
3
3 3
2 2   = 60
= 4.
3 3 3 3
− wb‡Y©q mgvavb,  = 60  [†h‡nZz  m~²‡KvY]
8 2
3 3 3 2
cÖkœ \ 24 \ mgvavb Ki : tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = 0
= − =0 mgvavb : tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = 0
2 2
A_©vr, cos 3A = 4 cos A − 3cosA (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3 ev, tan2 − tan − 3tan + 3 = 0
cÖkœ \ 21 \ mgvavb Ki : sin + cos = 1, hLb 0    90 ev, tan (tan − 1) − 3 (tan − 1) = 0
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, sin + cos  = 1 ev, (tan − 1) (tan − 3) = 0
ev, sin = 1 – cos nq tan − 1 = 0 A_ev, tan − 3 = 0
ev, sin2 = (1 – cos)2 [ eM© K‡i ] ev, tan = 1 = tan45 ev, tan = 3 = tan60
ev, sin2 = 1 – 2cos + cos2   = 45    = 60
ev, 1 – cos2 = 1 − 2cos + cos2 [ sin2 = 1 − cos2] 
wb‡Y©q mgvavb,  = 45 Ges 60 
ev, 1 – cos2 − 1 + 2cos − cos2 = 0
ev, – 2cos2 + 2cos = 0 [we `ª : cvVëB‡q DËi fyj Av‡Q]
ev, – 2cos (cos − 1) =  1
cÖkœ \ 25 \ gvb wbY©q Ki : 3cot260 + 4 cosec230 + 5sin245 −
nq, – 2cos = 0 A_ev, cos − 1 = 0
0 4cos260
ev, cos = –2 = 0 ev, cos = 1 1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë ivwk = 3cot260 + 4 cosec230
ev, cos = cos90 [ cos90 = 0] ev, cos = cos 0 + 5sin2 45 − 4 cos2 60
2 2 2 A
=3 
1
 + 14  (2)2 + 5   1  – 4  12
()
3  2 x+y
1 1 1 1
=3 + 4+5 –4 1
3 4 2 4
5 5 2+5 7 x−y
=1+1+ –1=1+ = =
2 2 2 2
B 3 C
7
wb‡Y©q gvb 2  (K) AC Gi cwigvY KZ?
cÖkœ \ 26 \ ABC Gi B = 90, AB = 5 cm, BC = 12 cm (L) tanA + tanC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
(K) AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| (M) x I y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
(L) C =  n‡j sin + cos Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| mgvavb :
(M) †`LvI †h, sec2 + cosec2 = sec2cosec2 (K) cÖ`Ë ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfyR|
mgvavb :  wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cvB,
(K) †h‡nZz B = 90, †m‡nZz ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfyR| AC AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Gi AwZfyR| ev, AC2 = 12 + ( 3)2
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cvB, ev, AC2 = 1 + 3
A
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ev, AC2 = 4 ev, AC = 4 AC = 2 (Ans.)
ev, AC2 = (5)2 + (12)2 j¤^ 3 A
ev, AC2 = 25 + 144 (L) tanA = f‚wg = 1 = 3
ev, AC2 = 169 5cm 2
j¤^ 1
ev, AC = 169
C
Ges tanC = f‚wg = 1
B 3
 AC = 13cm (Ans.) 12cm
(L) wPÎ n‡Z cvB, B 3 C

A
j¤^ AB 5 1
sin =
AwZfyR = AC = 13  tanA + tanC = 3 +
13cm 3
5cm
3+1 4
= =
3 3
C 4
12cm B wb‡Y©q gvb
3
f‚wg BC 12 (M) ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, tanA = 3
Ges cos = AwZfyR = AC = 13 ev, tanA = tan60
 sin + cos =
5 12 5 + 12 17
+ = =
ev, A = 60
13 13 13 13 ev, x + y = 60 [ A = x + y]
17
wb‡Y©q gvb 13  x + y = 60        (i)
1
(M) evgcÿ = sec2 + cosec2 Avevi, tanC =
1 1 sin2 + cos2 3
= + =
cos2 sin2 sin2 cos2 ev, tanC = tan30
1 ev, C = 30
= 2 [ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
sin  cos2 ev, x − y = 30 [ C = x − y]
=
1 . 1  x − y = 30       (ii)
cos2 sin2 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
= sec2 cosec2 = Wvbcÿ
x + y + x − y = 60 + 30
A_©vr, sec  + cosec2 = sec2 cosec2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2
ev, 2x = 90
cÖkœ \ 27 \ 90
 x= = 45
2
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
45 + y = 60
ev, y = 60 − 45  y = 15
wb‡Y©q gvb x = 45 Ges y = 15

1. A = 30 n‡j, tan A tan 2A Gi gvb KZ? 4 2 1 1
K L M 
1 3 3 2 3
K0 L 1 N3
3
2. sec 30 − cosec 90 Gi gvb KZ?
2 2
3 P
3. cos  =
2
n‡j,  Gi gvb KZ? 2
1
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
1
4. sin 60 = Ges  abvZ¥K m~²‡KvY
2
n‡j, cos Gi gvb Q R
KZ? 8. 2R Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
3 3 3 3 K 30 L 45  60 N 90
K− L±  N 9.  PQR Gi †ÿ‡Î−
2 2 2 4
2 sin A 5
5. A = 30 n‡j
1 − sin2 A
Gi gvb KZ? i. sec P = cosec R ii. cos P + sec P =
2
4 1
 L2 2 M4 3 N6 3 iii. tan R =
3 3
1 − sin2 45
6. 1 + sin2 45
Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K1 L  N
2 3 4 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
7. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK Abycv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î− A
1 1 3cm 60
i. sin 60 = ii. tan 45 =
cos ec60 sin 90
1 B C
iii. cos ec30 =
cos 60 10. BC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 3
K wg. L 3 wg.
Ki L ii I iii
M ii  i, ii I iii 2
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M 2 3 wg. 3 3 wg.
11. AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
3 3
K
2
wg. L 3 3 wg. M6 3 wg.  36 wg.

96 : 30, 45 I 60 †Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK 1
e¨vL¨v : sin = 2 = sin30 ev,  = 30  cos = cos30 = 2
3
AbycvZ 19. cosec = 2 n‡j  =? (mnR)

 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 1
e¨vL¨v : cossec = 2 ev, sin = 2   = 30
12. sin30 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 1
1 3 1 20. 4 sec260 = KZ? (ga¨g)
 L M N 3
2 2 3 1 1
1 L2 M N
cos30 Gi
4 2
13. gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
1 1 1
2 1 3 e¨vL¨v : 4 sec260 = 4 (2)2 = 44 = 1
K L2 M 
3 3 2 2
21. sec = n‡j tan =? (ga¨g)
14. tan30 Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 3
1 2 1 1 1
 L2 M N K1 L 3  N
3 3 2 3 2
2 1
15. cot = 3 n‡j  = KZ? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : sec = = sec30 ev,  = 30  tan = tan30 =
3 3
K0 L 30  45 N 60
cosA 1
16. cos 60 sec 60 = KZ? (ga¨g) 22. sinA = n‡j, A Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
3
1 1
K L2 1 N K 30 L 45  60 N 90
2 2 1
17.  = 30 n‡j, tan 2 = KZ? (ga¨g)
23. tan  = n‡j, sin =? (ga¨g)
3
1 1 3
 3 L M1 N0 K0  M N1
3 2 2
1 1 1
18. sin = 2 n‡j, cos = KZ? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : tan = = tan30 ev,  = 30  sin = sin30 =
3 2
1 3 24. sin = cos n‡j  =? (mnR)
K1 L
2

2
N0 K 30 L 60  45 N 90
25. cot = 1 n‡j, cos = KZ? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
1 1 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K0 L  N1
2 2
1 35. wb‡Pi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK m~Îmg~n j¶ Ki :
e¨vL¨v : cot = 1 = cot45 ev,  = 45  cos = cos45 = 1 2
2
i. sin30 = ii. cosec60 =
26. tan = cot n‡j, sec =? (KwVb) 2 3
2 1 iii. sec45 = 2
K L2  2 N
3 2
1
e¨vL¨v : tan = cot = ev, tan2 = 1 ev,  = 45
tan K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 sec = sec45 = 2 36. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
27. tan 30 cot 30 = KZ? (ga¨g)
i. cosec 30 =2
1 1
K 3 L M 1 2
3 3 ii. tan 30. sec 30 =
3
28. cos 3A Gi gvb 0 (k~b¨) n‡e hLb? (mnR)
iii. sec 45 = 2
 A = 30 L A = 45 M A = 60 N A = 90
e¨vL¨v : cos3A = 0 ev, cos 3A = cos 90 A = 30 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
29. sin 3A = cos 3A n‡e hLb A = KZ? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 10  15 M 20 N 45 37. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
sin3A
e¨vL¨v : sin3A = cos3A ev, cos3A = 1 ev, tan3A = tan45  A = 15 i. cosec 45 sin 45 = 2
1
3 ii. cos 45 tan 45 =
30. cos= 2 n‡j = KZ? (ga¨g) 2
 30 L 60 M 45 N 90 1
iii. sin 30 = = cos 60
31. 5sinA = 3 n‡j tan A Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 2
4 5 3 4 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K L  N
5 4 4 3 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 38.  = 30 Gi †ÿ‡Î−
i. 4sin  =
1 cos2
i. sin30 = 2 ii. tan 30 cot 30 = 1
ii. tan2 = sec2
3 iii. tan2 = 2sin2
= 30 n‡j, sin 2 =
iii.  2
33. A = 20 n‡j− Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i. tan3A = 2sin3A  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 39-42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
ii. cot3A = 3
iii. tan3A = 3cot3A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 2a a
e¨vL¨v : i. tan3A = tan 3  20 = tan60 = 3 
B C
3
2 sin3A = 2 sin3  20 = 2sin60 = 2  = 3 39. BC = KZ GKK? (ga¨g)
2
myZivs Dw³wU mwVK| a a
K 2a a M N
1
2 3
ii. cot3A = cot60 = myZivs Dw³wU mwVK bq| 40.  = KZ wWMÖx? (mnR)
3
1 1
iii. tan3A = ta60 = 3, 3cot 3A = 3cot60 = 3  K 60  45 M 30 N 22
3 2
e¨vL¨v : mgvb mgvb evûi wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv mgvb|
= 3; myZivs Dw³wU mwVK|
 = A Ges  + A = 90 ev, 2 = 90
34. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 41. sin tan = KZ? (ga¨g)
i. cos0 Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ 0 3 1
K 3 L M 2 
1 2 2
ii. A = 30 n‡j, cos2A = 2
42. sec cos(90− ) = KZ? (ga¨g)
1
iii. cosec230 = 1 K
1
1 M 2 N
3
4 2
2
e¨vL¨v : sec45.cos(90− ) cos
= sin = cos
1 sin
= sec45/cps45 = sec45. =1
sec45 57. cosec(90 − ) = 2 n‡j cos = KZ? (ga¨g)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 43 − 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 3 1 1
sin60, tan30, tan45, tan60 K2 L  N
2 2 2
43. tan2 45 = KZ? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : cosec(90 − ) = sec = 2
1
1 1  cos = 2
1 L M N 3
3 3 58.  c~iK †Kv‡Yi sec = KZ? (mnR)
44. tan 30 tan 60 = KZ? (ga¨g)  sec(90 − ) L sec( + 90)
2 1 M sec N sec90
K0 1 M N
3 3 59. sec(90 −).cot(90 −) = ? (ga¨g)
45. tan2 45 sin 60 = KZ? (KwVb) K sin L cos
3 1  sec N cosec
3 3 3
K
2

2
M
2
N
2 e¨vL¨v : sec(90 − ).cot(90 −) = cosec.tan
1 sin 1
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 46 − 48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : . .=
sin cos cos
= sec
ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx mgwØevû wÎfzR| C = 90 Ges B = 
AC = BC = a
46. AB Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 60. wP‡Î−
a i. BAC = 90 −  A
K 2a a 2 Ma N
2 BC
e¨vL¨v : ii. tan(90 − ) =
A AB
 AB2 = AC2 + BC2 = a2 + a2 = 2a2 BC
ev, AB = 2a = a 2 iii. cot(90 − ) = B 
AC C
a

C B
a K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
47. sin Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) 61. wP‡Î−
3 1 1 i. BAC = 90 −  A
K L M1 
2 2 2 BC
ii. cot(90 − ) =
AC a 1 AB
e¨vL¨v : sin = AB = =
2a 2 BC 
iii. sin(90 − ) = B C
48. BAC Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) AC
K 15 L 30  45 N 60 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : sin = ev,  = 45  BAC = 45
2 62.  c~iK †Kv‡Yi tan Gi mgvb−
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 49 − 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. tan(90 − )
1
sinA = cosA Ges 2sinB − 1= 0 ii. cot
3
iii. sec
49. A Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
50. B Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90 63. wP‡Î−
51. sinA + cos2B Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) A
1 1 
K2 1 M N
2 3
B 
97 : c~iK †Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ C
i.  +  = 90
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii. sec(90 − ) =
AC
BC
52. sin(90 − ) = KZ? (mnR) AC
K sin  cos M sec N cosec iii. cosec (90 − ) =
AB
53. cos(90 − ) Gi mgvb KZ? (mnR)
K cos  sin M cosec N sec
54. tan(90 − 30) wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mgvb? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K sin30 L cos30  cot30 N sec30
55. sec(90 − ) = KZ? (mnR)
 cosec L sin M cos N tan  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 64 − 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
56. cos(90 − ) tan(90 − ) = ? (ga¨g) 5
K sin  cos M sec N cosec sec(90−) =
3
e¨vL¨v : cos(90 − )tan(90 − ) = sin cot
64. sec(90−) Gi mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) cosec( + 45) = cosec(45 + 45) = cosec90 = 1
1
K cos L sin M tan  cosec 80.  +  = 90 Ges tan = n‡j  = ? (ga¨g)
65. cot =? (KwVb) 3
K 30 L 45  60 N 90
5 4 4 3 1
K L  N e¨vL¨v : tan = tan30 ev,  = 30
4 5 3 4
3
25 16 4   = 90 −  = 90− 30 = 60
e¨vL¨v : cot2 = cosec2 −1 = 9 −1 = 9 ev, cot = 3
81. 0    90 n‡j sec Gi me©wbgœ gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
66. cosec − cot = ? (mnR) 1
5 4 1 1 L 2 M N0
K L  N3 2
4 3 3
5 4 1
82. cosec290 − cot290 − 2 = ? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : cosec − cot = 3 − 3 = 3  −1 L0 M1 N2
e¨vL¨v : cosec290 −cot290 − 2 = 1 − 2= − 1
67. sec = ? (KwVb)
5 3 4 4
83. sinA = tanA n‡j A = ? (ga¨g)
 L M N  0 L 30 M 45 N 90
4 4 5 3 sinA
4 3 e¨vL¨v : sinA = tanA ev, sinA = ev, cosA = 1 = cos0 ev,
e¨vL¨v : cot = 3 ev, tan = 4 cosA
A = 0
9 25 5
 sec2 = 1 + tan2 = 1 + =
16 16
ev, sec = 4 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 68 Ñ 71 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 84. wb‡Pi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK m~Îmg~n j¶ Ki :
2
sin( 90−) = i. cosec(90 – ) = sec
3
ii. tan 1 – sin2 = sin
68. sin( 90−) = KZ? (mnR)
iii. tan45 sin60 tan30 cosec245 =1
K sin  cos M sec N cot
69. tan Gi gvb KZ? K i I ii (ga¨g)
L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K
5
L
5

5
N
5 85. 0 †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î−
4 2 2 4 i. cosec0 I cot0 Gi gvb AmsÁvwqZ
70. sec − sin  Gi gvb KZ?
2 2
(KwVb) ii. sec0 I tan0 Gi gvb msÁvwqZ
25 36 61 72 iii. cÖvšÍxq evû I Avw` evû GKB iwk¥
K L  N
16 61 36 36
71. cosec2 + tan2 Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
25 61 61 61
K  M N 
86.  = 90 n‡j−
16 20 36 42
i. sin I cos Gi gvb mgvb
98 : 0 I 90 †Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ ii. tan Gi gvb AmsÁvwqZ
iii. cos I cot Gi gvb 0
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
72. cos = 0 n‡j  = ? (mnR)
K 30 L 45 M 60  90 87.  = 30 n‡j−
73.  Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ sec AmsÁvwqZ? (mnR) i. sin3 = 1 ii. sec3 = 0
K0  L 30  M 60   90  iii. cot3 = 0
74. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb msÁvwqZ? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K tan90 L sec90  cos90 N cosec0 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
75. cos = 1 n‡j  = ? (mnR) 88.  = 30 n‡j−
 0 L 30 M 60 N 90 i. sin3 = 1 ii. cosec = 2
76. sin = 1 n‡j  = ? (mnR) iii. cot3 = 0
K 30 L 45 M 60  90 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
77.  Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ tan AmsÁvwqZ? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 0 L 30 M 60  90 89. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
cos0 i. tan 60 = 3 ii. cot 45 = 1
78. = KZ? (mnR)
sin 90 iii. sec90 = 1
K −1 L0 M 1 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
cos0 1  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : = =1
sin 90 1
79. sec = 2 n‡j cosec( + 45) Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 L M 2 N2
3 0, 3, 9 wZbwU msL¨v|
e¨vL¨v : sec = 2 = sec45 ev,  = 45
90. 1g msL¨v‡K 2q msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMd‡ji gvb wb‡Pi K tan45 L cot 45  cos45 N sin 60
†KvbwU? (mnR)  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 99 Ñ 101 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K tan90 L cot  sin0 N cos0 A
91. 2q msL¨v‡K 2q msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)  2
K sec90 L cosec 0 M cos90  sin90
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 92 Ñ 95 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : B C
2 cos(A−B) = 1, 2sim(A + B) = 3 3
92. A −B = KZ? (ga¨g) 99. wP‡Î  Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)

K 30 L 45  60 N 90
K 15 L 30  45 N 60
3
e¨vL¨v : 2 cos(A−B) = 1 ev, cos(A − B) e¨vL¨v : wP‡Î sin = 2 = sin60   = 60
1
= = cos45  A − B = 45 100. secACB Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
2
3 1 2
93. A + B = KZ? (ga¨g) K L  N 3
2 3 3
K 15 L 30 M 45  60
101. sec2 − tan2 =? (ga¨g)
3
e¨vL¨v : 2sin (A + B) = 3 ev, sin (A + B) = 2 = sin60 1
K 1 M 2 N2
 A + B = 60 2
94. A Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v :  sec  − tan2
2
2  2
1 1 1 1 = 22 − ( 3) = 4 − 3 = 1
1
K7  52 M 23 N17 2
2 2 2 2 sec = = 2
1
1 3
e¨vL¨v : 2A = 45 + 60 = 105 ev, A = 52 tan =
3
= 3
2 1
95. B Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 102 I 103 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 1 1 1 2tan2 + 3cos − 3 = 0
7 L 52 M 23 N17
2 2 2 2 102. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiYwU mwVK? (KwVb)
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 96 Ñ 98 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 2sin2 − 3sin + 1 = 0 L 3cos2 − 2cos + 1 = 0
0, 1, 2, 4 PviwU msL¨v|  2cos2 − 3cos + 1 = 0 N 3sin2 − 2sin + 1 = 0
e¨vL¨v : 2sin2 + 3cos − 3 = 0 ev, 2(1−cos2) + 3cos − 3 = 0
96. cÖ_g msL¨v‡K 3q msL¨v Øviv †KvbwUi gvb cvIqv hvq? (mnR)
ev, 2cos 2 − 3cos + 3 −2 = 0 ev, 2cos2 − 3cos + 1 = 0
 tan0 L cot 60 M cos 30 N tan 90
103. cos mgvb KZ? (KwVb)
97. 2q msL¨v‡K 4_© msL¨v Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j wb‡j 1 1,1 1 ,1 1
†KvbwUi gvb cvIqv hvq? (ga¨g)  1,
2
L
4 2
M N 1,
2 4 2
K tan60 L cot 60  cos 60 N sin 0
98. 3q msL¨v‡K 4_© msL¨v Øviv fvM K‡i fvMd‡ji eM©g~j Ki‡j
†KvbwUi gvb cvIqv hvq? (ga¨g)

104. cosec(90−) = 2 n‡j cos = KZ? K5 L4 M 35 1
3 1 1 110.  Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K2 L  N
2 2 2 K 360  180 M 90 N 0
111. 11 −+ sin
1 2
45
e¨vL¨v : cosec(90 − ) = sec = 2  cos = 2 Gi gvb KZ?
sin2 45
1
105. tan  = n‡j, sin  =? K
1
L2 
1
N3
3 2 3
3 112. cos2 30 − sin2 30 =?
K 45  0.5 M N1
2
 cos 60 L sin 90 M cos 30 N cos 45
106. tan2 45 sin2 90 cos290 Gi gvb KZ? 5
1 3 113. sec(90 − ) = 3 n‡j, cosec  Gi gvb KZ?
0 L M1 N
2 2 5 3 25
107. cos2 30 − sin2 30 = KZ?  L M N1
3 5 5
1 1 3
K0 
2
M1 N
2
114. sin (A + B) = 2 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU (A + B) Gi gvb?
108. A = 45 n‡j cos2 A Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K A + B = 30 L A + B = 45
1  A + B = 60 N A + B = 90
1
K0 L1  N cos A 1
2 2 115. sin A = n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU A Gi gvb?
3
109. sin237 + cos237 = KZ? K 30 L 45  60 N 0
116. cos A Gi gvb 0 (k~b¨) n‡j, A = KZ? Ki I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K 30 L 45 M 60  90
117. tan 45. cot 45 Gi gvb KZ? 134. 90 †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î−
i. tan 90 Ges sec 90 AmsÁvwqZ
1 3
K
2
L0 M
2
1 ii. sin 90 Ges cosec 90 Gi gvb mgvb
118. cos 60. sin 30 = KZ? iii. cos 90 Ges cot 90 Gi gvb Amgvb

1
L
1
M1 N0 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
4 2
119. tan(90 − 30) wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mgvb?
K sin 30 L cos 30  cot 30 N sec 30 135. i. tan 0 = 0
3 ii. cot 0 = 0
120. cos  = 2 n‡j cot  Gi gvb †KvbwU? iii. sec 0 = 1
K  3 M N2 3
3 3 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
121. cos 3 A Gi gvb 0 (k~b¨) n‡e KLb? 136. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K A = 90 L A = 60 M A = 45  A = 30
i. sin 30 + cos 60= 1
cos 0
122. sin 90 = KZ ? ii. sec2 60 − tan2 60= 0
1 L0 M N −1 iii. sin 90 + cos 90= 1
123. sin 60cos 30 + cos 60sin 30 =? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3 2 3 K i I ii i I iii
1 L2 M N
5 5 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
sin 45 137. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv co−
124. sec 45 = KZ ?
i. cos 0 = sin 90 ii. sin (90 − ) = cos 
1
K 2  M2 N1 iii. A = 30 n‡j cos3A = sin3A
2
125. 4 cos A − 3 cos A hw` A = 30 nq Z‡e Gi gvb KZ?
 i I ii L i I iii
1 3 3 3
K L M 0 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
2 2 3
126. cos 45cot2 60cosec2 30 = KZ?
A
2 3 2 2 3 2
K  M N1 5
3 3 3 3
1
127. sin  = n‡j cosec  Gi gvb KZ?
2 
C B
1 3 4
K L 2 N1
2 2 138. sin  + cos- Gi gvb KZ?
128. sin  + cos  = 1 n‡j sin  cos  = KZ? 5 7 3 4
1 K  M N
0 L −1 M N1 7 5 4 3
2 1 − tan2
129. cosec (90 − ) = 2 n‡j cos  = KZ? 139. 1 + tan2
= KZ?
1 1 3 7 25 7 4
K2 L  N  L M N
2 2 2 25 7 5 7
130. sec (90 − ) = 2 n‡j  Gi gvb KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 140 I 141 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 45 L 60 M 70  30 2 cos(A + B) = 1 = 2 sin(A − B)
131. 140. sin (A − B) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
 1 1
2 K −1 L2  N
1 2 2
141. A − B Gi gvb †KvbwU?
wP‡Î sin  = KZ?  30 L 45 M 60 N 90
K 30 L 45  60 N 70  wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 142 Ñ 144 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
sin 30 A
132. cos 30 = KZ ?
2a a
1 3
K0  M N1
3 2

133. i. sec(90 − ) = cos  C B
3a
ii. c~iK †Kv‡Yi sine = †Kv‡Yi cosine
iii. tan 0 = 0 142. sin  = KZ?
1 3 1 145.   60 n‡j, x = sin Gi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 L M2 N
2 2 3 3 3
0x L0x
143. tan  = KZ? 2 2
2 3 1 2 1
K L M 3  M0x N0x
2 3 3
3 3
144. sin  = cos  n‡j,  = KZ? 146.  = 30 n‡j, sec  − tan  Gi †KvbwU?
K sec 30  cot 30
K 30  45 M 60 N 90
M cot 60 N tan 60
0    60

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
147. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 153. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. sin2 A = cosA
i. wÎ‡KvYwgwZ‡Z wÎfz‡Ri cwigvc wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq
AwZfzR
ii. cosec = mwbœwnZ evû
wecixZ evû ii. cos =
AwZfzR
iii. tan 1 −cos2 = tan sin iii. secA . sinA = tan A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
i. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡Kv‡Yi wecixZ evûB AwZfzR 3 4
cos i. sin A =
4
n‡j cosecA = 3
ii. tan  =
sin 1 1
4 5 ii. − =1
iii. tan = n‡j sec = cos2A cot2A
3 3 iii. sin. cosec = 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
1 1 i. cosecant Gi mswÿß iƒc cosec
i. + =1
1 + sin2A 1 + cosec2A 5 12
1 ii. sin = n‡j, cos = 13
ii. tan  = 13
cot 1
iii. gon A_© avi iii. sin = n‡j, sec = 2
2
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. Trigonometry MÖxK kã
a b
ii. cosec2 − cot2 = 1 i. cosecA = n‡j tanA = 2 2
iii. tan + cot = sec. cosec
b a −b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 5 2
(KwVb) ii. sec + tan = n‡j, sec −tan =
2 5
iii. MÖxK kã metron Gi A_© cwigvc
i. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri e„nËg evûB n‡jv AwZfzR
wecixZ evû
ii. sin = 157. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
AwZfzR 3 3
1 i. tanA =
4
n‡j sin A = 5
iii. sec =
cos ii. sec2 − 1 = tan2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) sin2A
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii iii. 1 + = sec2A
1−sin2A
152. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
i. tan2 = sec2 −1 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. †bwf‡Mk‡b wÎ‡KvYwgwZ eënvi Kiv nq 158. tan( − 30) = 3 n‡jÑ
iii. sec Gi A_© sec I  Gi ¸Ydj
i. tan 60 = 3
ii.  −30 = 60 AB AB BC AC
K L M 
iii.  = 90 BC AC AC BC
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 167. sin + cos = KZ? (KwVb)
K L  N
2 12 17 13 229
159. sec( − 60) = n‡jÑ
3 168. cot2 − sec = KZ? (KwVb)
2 1204 1309 1403 1428
i. sec 30 = K L  N
3 300 329 300 450
ii.  − 60 = 30  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 169 Ñ 171 bs cÖkœi DËi `vI :
iii.  = 30 A
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 13
1 −sin245 4 Q
i. + tan245 =
1 + sin245 3
ii. tan 45 = 1 A 3 B
iii. cot (90 − ) = tan
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 169. AB Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K3 4 M5 N8
161. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 170. sec2 + tan2 = KZ? (ga¨g)

i. cos(90 −) = sin 41 9
K1  M N2
ii. cosec 45 . sin45 = 2 9 41
iii. cot 90. tan0. sec 30. cosec60 = 0 171. sin2 − cos2 = KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 
7
L
25
M
10
N
25
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 25 7 25 16
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 172 I 173 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 3 tan(A−B) = 1, 3 tan(A + B) = 3 †hLv‡b A I B m~²‡KvY|
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 162 Ñ 164 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 172. A Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
K 30  45 M 60 N 90
A
173. B Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
 15 L 30 M 45 N 90
    60
174.   60 n‡j x = sin Gi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)

3 3
B 0x L0x>
3 C 2 2
Mx>1 Nx >2
162. AC Gi mgvb KZ? (mnR) 175. tan Gi m‡e©v”P gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
K1 L 3 2 N3 3
K −1 1 M N2
163. tan = KZ? (mnR) 2
AB AB BC BC  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 176 Ñ 179 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 L M N A
BC AC AB AC
164. sin Gi mgvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 1 1 1
K L1  N x+y
3 2 3
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 165 Ñ 168 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : x+y
A B A C
176. x Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
K 15 L 30  45 N 60
5 13 e¨vL¨v : (A + C) = 90 ev, x + y + x − y = 90

ev, 2x =90 ev, x = 45
177. x−y Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
B 12 C K 15  30 M 45 N 60
1
165. sin = KZ? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : tan (x − y) = = tan 30 ev, x − y = 30
3
5 5 12 13 ev, 2x =90 ev, x = 45
K  M N
12 13 5 5 178. y Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
166. sec = KZ? (mnR)  15 L 30 M 45 N 60
e¨vL¨v : x − y = 30 ev, y = x− 30= 45 − 30 = 15
1 − tan2x 185. sec2 − tan2 = ? (ga¨g)
179. 1 + tan2(x + y) = ? (KwVb)
1
1 1 1 L 2 M N2
0 L M N2
2
4 2 e¨vL¨v : wPÎ n‡Z
1 − tan2x 1 −(tan45)2 1 −1
e¨vL¨v : 1 + tan2(x + y) = 1 + (tan60)2 = 1 + 3 = 0 sec2 − tan2 1  2
= 22 − ( 3 )2 = 4−3 = 1
 Gi gvb 60 3
180. cos Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 186 Ñ 189 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
sec 1 P
 L M 2sin N cosec
4 sin
1 sec60 2 1
e¨vL¨v : cos = 2 , 4
= =
4 2 
181. tan = KZ? (mnR) O M
sin(/2) cos −sin 1 − 3
K L cot  sinsec N cos.sec =
cos + sin 1 + 3
n‡j
cos(/2)
1
e¨vL¨v : sin.sec = sin, cos = tan 186. OPM †Kv‡Yi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 90−  L − 90 M 90+  N 180 − 
182. cosec Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
187. cot = ? (mnR)
 sin(/2)
K sec  2tan M N cos. sin 1 3
2 3 K 3 L1 M N
3 2
2 60 2
e¨vL¨v : cosec60 = , 2tan
2
= cos − sin + cos + sin 1− 3+1+ 3
3 3 e¨vL¨v : cos −sin −cos −sin =
1 − 3 −1 − 3
2cos 2 1
A ev, −2sin = ev, cot =
−2 3 3
188.  Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
1
x+y K 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
1
x+y e¨vL¨v : cot = = cot60 ev,  = 60
3
B A C 189. sinOPM =? (mnR)
183. wP‡Î  Gi gvb KZ? (mnR) 1 3 1
K0 L M N
K 30 L 45  60 N 90 2 2 2
3 1
e¨vL¨v : wP‡Î sin = 2 = sin   = 60 e¨vL¨v : sin OPM = sin(90 − ) = cos = cos60 =
2
184. secACB Gi gvb KZ? (mnR)
3 1 2
K L  N 3
2 3 3

cosA + sinA 3+1 cosA + sinA 3+1
œ 1  cosA − sinA =
cÖk- , B = 60. =
3−1 cosA − sinA 3−1
K. cosec2B + cot2 B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 cosA + sinA − cosA + sinA 3+1− 3+1
ev, cosA + sinA + cosA − sinA =
L. A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 3+1+ 3−1
M. 4 sin2 − (2 + 2 3) sin + 3 = 0 mgxKiYwU 2sinA
ev, 2cosA =
2
mgvavb K‡i †`LvI †h,  = 2A A_ev,  = A| 4 2 3
sin A 1
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, cos A =
3
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = 60 1
ev, tanA = ev, tanA = tan 30  A = 30 (Ans.)
cÖ`Ë ivwk, cosec2B + cot2B 3
= cosec260 + cot260 M †Ìqv Av‡Q,
= (cosec60)2 + (cot60)2
4sin2 − (2 + 2 3) sin + 3 = 0
=   +   = + = (Ans.)
2 2 1 2 4 1 5
 3  3 3 3 3 ev, 4sin2 − 2sin − 2 3 sin + 3 = 0
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, ev, 2sin(2sin − 1) − 3 (2sin − 1) = 0
ev, (2sin − 1) (2sin − 3) = 0 3+1 4
= =
nq, 2sin − 1 = 0 3 3
A_ev, (2sin − 3) = 0
Wvbcÿ = 2 cosecA
ev, 2sin = 1 ev, 2sin = 3 2 4
1 =2 =
ev, sin = 2 ev, sin = 2
3 3 3
sinA 1 − cosA
ev, sin = sin 30 ev, sin = sin 60 
1 − cosA
+
sinA
= 2 cosecA (cÖgvwYZ)
ev,  = 30 [L †_‡K A = 30] ev,  = 60 M.
 =A
ev,  = 2  30 A
  = 2A [ÔKÕ †_‡K]
(x+y) 2
  = 2A A_ev  = A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 1
œ 2
cÖk- (x−y)
A B C
ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß BC = 3
(x+y) 2 GLb, ABC n‡Z,
1
3
tan (x + y) =
(x−y) 1
B C ev, tan (x + y) = tan60
K. BC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2  x + y = 60 .......................... (i)
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, Avevi, ABC n‡Z,
1 − cosA 1
sinA
+ = 2 cosecA. 4 tan (x − y) =
1 − cosA sinA 3
M. x, y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, tan (x − y) = tan30
ev, x − y = 30 ........................ (ii)
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb, x + y = 60
K. x − y = 30
A 2x = 90 [†hvM K‡i]
x Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q,
2 45 + y = 60
1
ev, y = 60 − 45
 y = 15
B C wb‡Y©q gvb x = 45, y = 15 (Ans.)
GLv‡b, AB = 1, AC = 2
œ 3
cÖk-
ABC = 90 A P
 AB2 + BC2 = AC2
ev, BC2 = AC2 − AB2 = 22 − 12 = 4 − 1 = 3
x−y
 BC = 3 (Ans.) 4
1
BC 2 3
L. GLv‡b, sinA = AC
 x+y
3 B C Q 2 R
 sinA = 3
2
K. cos Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
AB 1
Avevi, cosA = AC = 2 cosec2 − sec2 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cosec2 + sec2 = 4 cosec2 − sin. 4
AC 2
cosecA =
BC
=
3
M. x I y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
sinA 1 − cosA  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
evgcÿ = 1 − cosA + sinA
K.
3 1 3 1 A
1−
2 2 2 2
= + = +
1 3 1 3
1−
2 2 2 2 1
3 2 1 2 1
=  +  = 3+ 
2 1 2 3 3 B 3 C
cÖ`Ë wPÎ n‡Z cvB, wecixZ evû AB = 1,
mwbœwnZ evû BC = 3, ACB =  ev, x = 2
90
GLv‡b, B = GK mg‡KvY|
 AwZfzR, AC = AB2 + BC2 = 12 + ( 32)  x = 45
= 1+3= 4=2 mgxKiY (i) bs †_‡K (ii) bs we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
mwbœwnZ evû 3 2y = 30
 cos =
AwZfzR = 2 (Ans.) ev, y=
30
2
L. ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ n‡Z cvB,
AwZfzR 2  y = 15
cosec = wb‡Y©q gvb x = 45, y = 15 (Ans.)
j¤^ = 1 = 2
1
 sin =
2
œ 4
cÖk-
AwZfzR 2 A
sec =
mwbœwnZ evû = 3
cosec2 − sec2
evgcÿ = cosec2 + sec2
r
22 −  

2 2
 3 B C
= [gvb ewm‡q]
22 +  
2 2
wP‡Î AC = 5cm, BC = 4cm Ges e¨vmva© r = 1cm
 3
4 12 − 4 8 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸wji DËi `vI :
4−
=
3
=
3
=
3 8 3 1
=  = K. cotC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
4 12 + 4 16 3 16 2
4+ 1 + sinA cosA
3 3 3 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, =
1 − sinA 1 − sinA
4
1
Wvbcÿ = 4 cosec2 − sin M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e„‡Ëi evB‡ii †ÿÎdj wbY©q
1 1 Ki| 4
=  (2)2 − [gvb ewm‡q]
4 2  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 1 1 1
= 4− =1− = K. GLv‡b, AC = 5cm, BC = 4cm
4 2 2 2
cosec2 − sec2 1 Avgiv Rvwb, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,
 = cosec2 − sin (cÖgvwYZ)
cosec2 + sec2 4 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 A
M. cÖ`Ë wPÎ †_‡K cvB, ev, 52 = AB2 + 42
ev, 52 − 42 = AB2
PQ = 2 3, QR = 2 Ges PR = 4
ev, AB = 25 − 16
PRQ = x + y 
Ges RPQ = x − y ev, AB = 9

B C
PQ  AB = 3
GLb, tan PRQ = QR BC 4
 cotC = = (Ans.)
AB 3
2 3
ev, tan (x + y) = 2 L. GLv‡b, AC = 5cm
BC = 4cm A
ev, tan (x + y) = 3 AB = 3cm [ÔKÕ †_‡K
ev, tan (x + y) = tan60 cÖvß]
 x + y = 60 ................. (i) BC 4
 sinA = = 
RQ AC 5
Avevi, tan RPQ = PQ AB 3 B C
cosA = =
2 AC 5
ev, tan (x − y) = 1 + sinA
2 3
evgcÿ = 1 − sinA
1
ev, tan (x − y) = = 4 9
3 1+
5 5 9 5
ev, tan (x − y) = tan30 = = =  = 9=3
4 1 5 1
 x − y = 30 ................. (ii) 1−
5 5
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB, cosA
Wvbcÿ = 1 − sinA
2x = 90
3 3
=
5 5 3 5
= =  =3
= (12  4  3) cm 2 = 6
4 1 5 1 cm2
1−
5 5 Avevi, e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = πr2
1 + sinA cosA = 3.1416  (1)2 cm2
 =
1 − sinA 1 − sinA
(cÖgvwYZ) = 3.1416 cm2
M. GLv‡b, †Ìqv Av‡Q, AC = 5cm, BC = 4cm  e„‡Ëi evB‡ii †ÿÎdj = ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj
AB = 3cm [ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß] = (6 − 3.1416) cm2
1 = 2.8584 cm2 (Ans.)
Avgiv Rvwb, ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
1
= 2  BC  AB

5 5 4 5−4 1
œ 5  sec(90 − ) = 3
cÖk- = − =
3 3 3
= = Wvbcÿ
3
K. cosec = KZ? 2 1
A_©vr, cosec − cot = 3 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1
L. †`LvI †h, cosec − cot = 3 4 M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, cosec = 3
5
M. sin + cos Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 1 5
ev, sin = 3
3
5  sin =
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, sec(90 − ) = 3 5
4
5 ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, cot = 3
ev, cosec = 3 (Ans.)
cos 4
5 ev, sin = 3
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, cosec = 3
4 4 3 4
Avgiv Rvwb, cot2 = cosec2 − 1 ev, cos = 3  sin = 3  5 = 5
3 4
(5) − 1
2
ev, cot2 = 3  sin + cos = + [cos I sin Gi gvb ewm‡q]
5 5
25 3+4 7
ev, cot2 = 9 − 1 = =
5 5
7
25 − 9 16 4 wb‡Y©q sin + cos = 5
ev, cot2 = 9
=
9
 cot =
3
evgcÿ = cosec − cot

œ 6  wb‡Pi wP‡Î `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mgb¦‡q GKwU mgevû
cÖk- 2tan
L. hw`  = 30 nq Z‡e †`LvI †h, 1 + tan2 = cos
wÎfz‡Ri m„wó †`Lv‡bv n‡jv, hvi mvnv‡h¨ 30 Ges 60 †Kv‡Yi
wÎ‡KvYwgwZK Abycv‡Zi cÖK…Z gvb R¨vwgwZK c×wZ‡Z wbY©q Kiv cos2 + sin2 sin 4
hvq| M. tan60 †Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
K. evgc¶ = cos230 – sin230
=
3
2
1 2
2 – 2 ()
3 1 3–1 2 1
= – = = =
4 4 4 4 2
1
Wvbc¶ = cos60 = 2
K. †`LvI †h, cos230 – sin230 = cos60 2 A_©vr, cos230– sin230 = cos60 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
L. evgc¶ =
2tan j¤^, OM = 3a [ we‡eP¨ †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû]
1 + tan2 f‚wg, PM = a Ges AwZfzR, OP = 2a
1
2 OM 3a
2tan30 3 1 Kv‡RB, tan60 = PM = a = 3
=
sec2
= [ †h‡nZz tan30 = ]
(sec30)2 3
2 cÖk-œ 7  wÎ‡KvYwgwZ‡Z wc_v‡Mviv‡mi cÖwZÁv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
3 2 K‡i| wc_v‡Mviv‡mi cÖwZÁv eënvi K‡i  †Kv‡Yi QqwU
= [†h‡nZz sec30 = ] wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ cvIqv hvq Ges AbycvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
 
2 2 3
 3 cÖwZcv`b Kiv hvq|
2 3 3. 3 3 K.  = 30 n‡j 4cos3 – 3cos Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
=  = =
3 4 2 3 2 L. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK Abycv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki †h,
Wvbc¶ = cos  cos2 + sin2  sin sin2 + cos2 = 1| 4
= cos30 cos2  30 + sin2. 30 sin30 M. sin30 †Kv‡Yi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
= cos30 cos60 + sin60  sin30
3 1 3 1 3 3 2 3 3
= . +  = + = =
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,  = 30
2tan
A_©vr 1 + tan2 = cos cos2 + sin2  sin (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) myZivs cÖ`Ë ivwk = 4cos3 – 3cos
3
= 4(cos30) – 3cos30
M.
=4  –3
3
3 3
2 2
3 3 3 3 1 1
=4
8
–
2
=3 3 –
2 2 ( )
=0
wb‡Y©q 4cos  – 3cos Gi gvb 0|

3
L. g‡b Kwi,  =  XOA GKwU m~²‡KvY|

PM ⊥ OX
myZivs POM
g‡b Kwi, XOZ = 30 Ges OZ evû‡Z P GKwU we›`y| P A
AwZfyR
PM ⊥ OX Uvwb Ges PM †K Q ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb, MQ
= PM nq| O, Q †hvM Kwi|
OPM Gi POM + OPM + PMO = 180 
O M X
ev, OPM = 180 – 90 – 30
mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †¶‡Î, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i,
 OPM = 60
(AwZfzR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2
GLb, OPM Ges OQM -G
GLb, OPM G,
PM = QM [A¼b Abymv‡i]
AwZfzR = OP, j¤^ = PM Ges f‚wg = OM
OM mvaviY evû
 OP = PM + OM
2 2 2
Ges AšÍfz©³ PMO = QMO [ DfqB 90 Gi mgvb ] 2

OP PM OM
2 2
 OPM  OQM ev, 2= 2+ 2 [Dfqc¶‡K OP Øviv fvM K‡i]

2
OP OP OP
myZivs QOM = OPM = 30 PM
2
OM
2
OQM = OPM =60 ev, 1=

OP( ) ( )
+
OP
Ges PM = QM j¤^ f~wg 
A_©vr OPQ Gi, OPQ = OQP = POQ = 60 ev, 1 = (sin)2 + (cos)2  sin = Ges cos =
 AwZfyR AwZfyR
 OPQ GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| ev, 1 = sin2 + cos2
myZivs OP = PQ = OQ sin2 + cos2 = 1 [cÖgvwYZ]
1 1 1
awi, OP = 2a  PM = 2 PQ = 2 OP = 2 2a = a M.
mg‡KvYx OPM -Gi, AwZfzR = OP

2 2 2
 OP = PM + OM [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
2 2 2
ev, 4a = a + OM
2 2
ev, OM = 3a
 OM = 3a
AZGe, mg‡KvYx OPM-Gi OPM = 60 we‡ePbv Ki‡j,
g‡b Kwi, XOZ = 30 Ges OZ evû‡Z P GKwU we›`y| PM ev, 1 = 2cos
⊥ OX Uvwb Ges PM †K Q ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi †hb, MQ = 1
ev, cos = 2 ev, cos = cos60   = 60
PM nq| O, Q †hvM Kwi|
GLb OPM Ges OQM G L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,  = 60
1
PM = QM [A¼b Abymv‡i] evgcÿ = cos = cos60 = 2
OM mvaviY evû

Ges AšÍfz©³ PMO = AšÍfz©³ QMO 1−tan2
2
[DfqB 90 Gi mgvb] Wvbcÿ =
2 1+ tan
 OPM  OQM 2
myZivs QOM = POM = 30 60
1 − tan2
OQM = OPM = 60 Ges PM = QM =
2
60
A_©vr OPQ Gi, OPQ = OQP = POQ = 60 1 + tan2
2
 OPQ GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
1− tan2 30
myZivs OP = PQ = OQ =
1 + tan230
awi, OP = 2a
1 −   1− 1 3 −1 2
1 2
1 1 1
 PM = 2 PQ = 2 OP = 2 2a = a  3 3 3 3 2 3 1
= = = = =  =
1 +   1+
1 2 1 3 +1 4 3 4 2
mg‡KvYx OPM -Gi, AwZfzR = OP|
 3 3 3 3
 OP = PM + OM [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i]
2 2 2

ev, 4a2 = a2 + OM2 1− tan2
2
ev, OM2 = 3a2 A_©vr cos = 
[†`Lv‡bv n‡jv]
2
 OM = 3a 1+ tan
2
AZGe, mg‡KvYx OPM-Gi POM = 30 we‡ePbv Ki‡j, 
M. GLb, A = 2
j¤^ PM = a [ we‡eP¨ †Kv‡Yi wecixZ evû]
f‚wg, OM = 3 a Ges AwZfzR, OP = 2a =
60
PM a 1 2
 sin30 = OP = 2a = 2 (Ans.) = 30
œ 8  cosec = 2cot
cÖk- evgcÿ = cos3A = cos(3  30)
= cos90
K.  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|[0 <  < 90] 2 =0
 Wvbcÿ = 4cos3A −3cosA
1−tan2
2 = 4cos330 − 3cos30
L. †`LvI †h, cos = 
4
= 4  − 3 
1+ tan2 3 3 3
2
2 2

M. cÖgvY Ki †h, cos3A = 4cos3A − 3cosA †hLv‡b A = 2 4 =4
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
− = 2 − 2 =0
8 2
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A_©vr cos3A = 4cos A −3cosA (cÖgvwYZ)
3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cosec = 2cot

1 cos
ev, sin = 2 sin

œ 9  2cos (A + B) = 1 = 2sin(A − B)
cÖk- K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2cos(A + B) = 1 = 2sin(A − B)
K. DcwiD³ DÏxcKwU‡K A + B I A − B Gi `yBwU  2cos(A + B) = 1
1
mgxKiY AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 ev, cos(A + B) = 2
L. A I B Gi gvb †ei Ki Ges †`LvI †h,
2tanA
ev, cos(A + B) = cos60
sin2A = 2
1 + tan A
4  A + B = 60 (i)
1 Avevi, 2sin(A − B) = 1
M. gvb wbY©q Ki : 3cot2(B + 45) − 4 cosec2(B + 1
ev, sin(A − B) = 2
15) + 5sin2(B + 30) − 4cos2(B + 45) 4
ev, sin(A − B) = sin30
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   A − B = 30 (ii)
L. mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB, nq, cos + 3 = 0 A_ev, 2cos − 1 = 0
2A = 90 ev, cos = −3 ev, 2cos = 1
90
ev, A = 2  A = 45 wKš‘ cos  − 3
1
ev, cos = 2
(i) †_‡K (ii) bs we‡qvM K‡i cvB, KviY, −1  cos  1 ev, cos = cos60
2B = 30
30   = 60
ev, B = 2  B = 15 ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, A = 30
 A = 45 I B = 15 (Ans.)   = 60 = 2  30 = 2A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
Rb¨ A = 45 Gi gvb M. evgcÿ = tan
2tanA
GLb sin2A = 1 + tan2A †`Lv‡bvi
= tan60 [ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB]
eënvi K‡i cvB,
evgcÿ = sin2A = sin2  45 = sin90 = 1 = 3
2tanA 2tan30
2tanA 2tan45
Wvbcÿ = 1 + tan2A = 1 + tan245 Wvbcÿ = 1 − tan2A = 1 − tan230 [ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB]
2.1 2 2 1 2 2
= = = =1 2.
1 + (1)2 1 + 1 2 3 3 3 2 3
= = = =  = 3
1−  1−
2tanA 1 2 1 2 3 2
A_©vr sin2A = 1 + tan2A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 3 3 3
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB B = 15 eënvi K‡i, 2tanA
1 A_©vr tan = 1 − tan2A (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3cot2(15 + 45) − cosec2(15 + 15)
4
+ 5sin2(15 + 30) − 4cos2(15 + 45) œ 11 
cÖk-
1 
= 3cot260 − cosec230 + 5sin245 − 4cos260
4
= 3  − (2) + 5  − 4
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
 3 4  2 () 2
2

1 1 1 1 5 5
= 3 − 4 + 5 − 4 = 1 − 1 + − 1 = − 1
3 4 2 4 2 2
K. tan  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
5−2 3
=
2
= (Ans)
2 L. sin ( + ) = sin  cos  + cos  sin  m¤úK©wUi
− sinA 3−1 mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
œ 10  cosA
cÖk- =
cosA + sinA 3+1 M. 3 cos  + sin  = 2 Gi mgvavb K‡i †`LvI †h,
K. A Gi gvb †ei Ki| 2  =  4
L. cos2−sin2 = 2−5cos Gi mgvavb K‡i †`LvI  11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
†h,  = 2A †hLv‡b  m~²‡KvY| 4 K. awi, BC = 1, AC = 2
M. †`LvI †h, tan = 1 2tanA
− tan2A
4 Zvn‡j, AB = AC2 − BC2 A  B
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 22 − 12 = 4 − 1 = 3 2

1
BC 1 
 tan  = =
cosA − sinA 3−1 AB 3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cosA + sinA = C
3+1 1
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvB, tan  =
cosA − sinA + cosA + sinA 3−1+ 3+1 3
ev, cosA − sinA − cosA − sinA
=
3−1− 3−1 ev, tan  = tan 30   = 30
[ †hvRb − we‡qvRb K‡i ] 3
Avevi, sin  = 2 = sin 60   = 60
2cosA 2 3
ev, −2sinA = −2 GLb, evgcÿ = sin ( + )
ev, cotA = 3 = sin (30 + 60) = sin 90 = 1
Wvbcÿ = sin  cos  + cos  sin 
ev, cotA = cot30
= sin 30 cos 60 + cos 30 sin 60
 A = 30 1 1 3 3
L. cos2 − sin2 = 2 − 5cos =  + 
2 2 2 2
ev, cos2 − (1 − cos2) + 5cos − 2 = 0 2
1 ( 3) 1 3 1 + 3 4
ev, 2cos2 + 5cos − 3 = 0 =
4
+
4
= + =
4 4 4
= =1
4
ev, 2cos2 + 6cos − cos − 3 = 0 A_©vr sin( + ) = sin  cos + cos  sin
ev, 2cos(cos + 3) − 1(cos + 3) = 0 mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv|
ev, (cos + 3) (2cos − 1) = 0 M. 3 cos  + sin2  = 2
ev, 3 cos  = 2 − sin  PQN mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØq me©‡Zvfv‡e mgvb e‡j PON =
ev, ( 3 cos )2 = (2 − sin )2 PQN = 60; myZivs, OPQ GKwU mgevû wÎfzR Ges Gi
ev, 3 cos2  = 4 − 4 sin  + sin2  OP evû = OQ evû|
ev, 3(1 − sin2) − sin2  + 4 sin  − 4 = 0 GLb hw` ON = a aiv nq, Z‡e OP = OQ = 2ON = 2a Ges
ev, 3 − 3sin2  − sin2  + 4 sin  − 4 = 0
PN = OP2 − ON2 = 4a2 − a2 = a 3
ev, − 4sin2  + 4 sin  − 1 = 0
ev, 4 sin2  − 4 sin  + 1 = 0 PN a 3
tan 60 = = = 3
ON a
ev, (2 sin )2 − 22sin  1 + 12 = 0
ev, (2 sin  − 1)2 = 0 wb‡Y©q gvb 3
ev, 2 sin  − 1 = 0 œ 13  6 cos (A −B) = 3 = 2sin(A + B) Ges A. B
cÖk-
ev, 2 sin  = 1 m~²‡KvY|
1
ev, sin  = 2 K. A − B Gi gvb KZ? 2
ev, sin  = sin 30 L. A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
ev,  = 30  = [ = 30] (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) 1
M.  = 2 (A + B) n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h cos3 = 4cos3
œ 12  cos2 − sin2 = 2 − 5 cos 
cÖk- − 3cos 4
K.  = 30 n‡j, DÏxc‡Ki evgc‡ÿi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. DÏxcKwU mZ¨ n‡j  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. DÏxcK  = x n‡j R¨vwZwgK Dcv‡q tan x Gi gvb K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 6 cos (A −B) = 3
wbY©q Ki| 4 3 3
ev, cos (A − B) = =
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  6 3. 2
K.  = 30 n‡j, evgcÿ = cos2 30 − sin2 30 1
ev, cos (A − B) =
2
=  −
3 2 1 2 3 1 2 1
2 2 ()
= − = =
4 4 4 2 ev, cos (A − B) = cos45 A − B = 45 (Ans.)
L. cos2 − sin2 = 2 − 5 cos  L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2 sin (A + B) = 3
ev, cos2  − (1 − cos2 ) = 2 − 5 cos  3
ev, sin (A + B) = 2
ev, cos2  − 1 + cos2  = 2 − 5 cos 
ev, 2 cos2  + 5 cos  − 1 − 2 = 0 ev, sin (A + B) = sing 60
ev, 2 cos2  + 5 cos  − 3 = 0 ev, A + B = 60..................... (i)
ev, 2 cos2  + 6 cos  − cos  − 3 = 0 ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, A − B = 45 ................. (ii)
(i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i,
ev, 2 cos  (cos  + 3) − 1(cos  + 3) = 0
A + B + A − B = 60 + 45
ev, (cos  + 3) (2 cos  − 1) = 0 1050
nq, cos  + 3 = 0 A_ev, 2 cos  − 1 = 0 ev, 2A = 1050 ev, A = 2
ev, cos = −3 wKš‘ Bnv ev, 2 cos  − 1 = 0 1
ev, A = 52 2
1
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| ev, cos  = 2 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) we‡qvM K‡i,
1  cos  1 ev, cos  = cos 60 A + B − A + B = 60 − 45
  = 60 ev, 2B = 15
wb‡Y©q  = 60 15
ev, B = 2 B = 7 2
1
M. GLv‡b,  = x 1 1
  = 60  wb‡Y©q gvb A = 52 Ges B = 7 (Ans.)
2 2
 tan x = tan 60
1 1
p M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, A = 52 2 Ges B = 7 2
1
2a †Ìqv Av‡Q,  = 2 (A + B)
a 3
1 1 1
= (52 + 7 )
2 2 2
60 60
O a x 1 150 15
N Q
2 2 2 
= +
g‡b Kwi, XOP = 60 Ges OX Gi Dci PN j¤^| OX 1 105 + 15
2 
=
Gi Dci GKwU we›`y Q Ggbfv‡e †bIqv n‡jv †hb ON = 2
NQ nq| PQ †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, GwU ¯úó †h, OPN Ges 1 120 1
=  =  60 = 30
2 2 2
evgcÿ = cos3 = cos (3  30) = cos 90 = 0 1 +x + 1 −x
Wvbcÿ = 4cos3 − 3cos 30 2x
= 4cos3(30) − 3cos30 =
1 +x − 1 −x
3
= 4 
3 3 2x
−3
2 2
1 + x + 1 −x
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 =
=4 − = − 1 + x − 1 −x
8 2 2 2
 cos3 = 4cos3 − 3cos (cÖgvwYZ) ( 1+x+ 1 − x)2
=
1−x
( 1+x− 1 −x) ( 1 + x + 1 −x)
œ 14  sin
cÖk- 1+x 1 + x + 1 − x + 2 (1 + x) (1 −x)
= 1+x−1+x
K. cos Gi gvb †ei Ki| 2
1 −x2 2(1 + 1 −x2)
sec + tan
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, sec −tan =
1+
4 = 2x
x
2tan2 1 − tan2 1+ 1 − x2
M. 1 + tan2 Ges 1 + tan2 Gi gvb wbY©q K‡i = x = Wvbcÿ
Zv‡ì †hvMdj †ei Ki| 4 sec + tan 1+ 1 − x2
 sec − tan = (cÖgvwYZ)
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x
1 −x
1−x M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, tan =
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, sin =
1+x
2x
2. 
1−x 1 −x2
ev, sin2 = 2tam2  2x 
1+x  =
1 + tan2
1+
1 −x 1 −x2
ev, 1−cos2 =
1+x  2x 
1−x 1 −x
ev, cos2 = 1 − 2
(2(1 −x),2x) 1 −x 
= 2. 
1+x 2x
1+x−1+x
=
1−x
=
2x + 1 − x  1 + x
ev, cos  =
2
1+x
1+
2x 2x
1−
2x 2x 1 −x2
ev, cos2 =  cos = 
1+x 1+x
(Ans.)
1 −tan2  2x 
Ges 1 + tan2 =
1+
1−x 1 −x2
L. sin = 1+x 
2x 
2x 1−x 2x −1 + x
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, cos = [abvZ¥K gvb w`‡q] 1−
1+x 2 2x 3x − 1
= = =
1 2x 1−x 2x + 1 − x x+1
 sec = cos = 1+x
1+
2x 2x
2tan2 1 − tan2 2 −2x + 3x −1 1 + x
sin  + = = = 1 (Ans.)
Ges tan = cos 1 + tan  1 + tan2
2 1+x 1+x
1−x 1−x œ 15 
cÖk-
1+x 1+x P
= =
2x 2x
1+x 1+x a+b
1 −x 1+x 1−x 1
=  =
1+x 2x 2x
a−b
sec + tan
GLb, evgcÿ = sec − tan Q 3 R
1+x 1−x K. wPÎ †_‡K PR Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2

+ L. tan P Ges tan R Gi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges tanP −
2x 2x
= tanR = KZ? 4
1+x 1−x
− M. a I b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
2x 2x
K. wPÎ †_‡K, PR = PQ2 + QR2 P
Ges tanR =
1
= 12+ (3)2 3
a+b
= 1+3 1 ev, tanR = tan30
= 4 a−b
ev, tan(a −b) tan30
= 2 (Ans.) Q 3 R  (a − b) = 30................................. (ii)
QR 3 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
L. ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ †_‡K cvB, tan P =
PQ
=
1 a + b = 60
 tanP = 3 (Ans.) a − b = 30
PQ 1 2a = 90
Avevi, tanR = QR = (Ans.)
ev, a = 45
3
1 3 −1 2 2 3 a Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
 tanP − tanR = 3 − = = = (Ans.)
3 3 3 3 45 + b = 60
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvB, tanP = 3 ev, b = 60 − 45  b = 15
ev, tan (a + b) = tan60 [wPÎ †_‡K] wb‡Y©q gvb, a = 45 Ges b = 15 (Ans.)
a + b = 60 ..................... (i)

œ 16  2cos2 = 3(1 − sin) Ges  m~²‡KvY|
cÖk- K. AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ †ei Ki| 2
K. mgxKiYwU‡K sin Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 L. (tantan + sincos) Gi gvb wbY©q| 4
L.  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 M.  I  Gi gvb †ei Ki Ges †`LvI †h,
M.  =  + 30 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, 1 3
3tan2( − 15) + sec ( + 15) =  4
4 2
1 − sin
1 + sin
(sec + tan) = 1 4 3
DËi : K. 1 L. 2; M. 45, 45
DËi : K. 2sin2 − 3sin + 1 = 0; L. 30 œ 20  cos(A + B) = x, sin(A − B) = y `yBwU wÎ‡KvYwgwZK
cÖk-
œ 17 
cÖk- 2 cos(A − B) = 1, 2sin (A + B) = 3 Ges A, B mgxKiY|
m~²‡KvY| 3 1
K. x = 2 Ges y = 2 n‡j, A + B I A − B Gi gvb KZ? 2
K. A − B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
L. A I B Gi gvb †ei K‡i †`LvI †h, sin3A = cosB 4
L. A I B Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
M. A I B Gi gvb eënvi K‡i †`LvI †h, M. 3x = 0 Ges 2y = 2 n‡j A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
cotA + tanB DËi : K. A + B = 30, A − B = 30 M. A = 675, B = 225
cotB + tanA
= cotAtanB 4
1 1
œ 21  (i) 3 tan(A − B) = 1
cÖk-
DËi : K. 45; L. 52 2 ; 7 2  (ii) 3 tan(A + B) = 3
K. A = 75 Ges B = 15 n‡j tan(A − B) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 18  3 sin(A + B) = 3 Ges 2 3 sec(A − B) = 4 
cÖk- L. (i) I (ii) bs n‡Z A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K. (A + B) Ges (A − B) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 M. (L) n‡Z cÖvß A I B Gi gvb eënvi K‡i †`LvI †h, (i) I
L. A, B Gi gvb †ei K‡i †`LvI †h, (ii) mZ¨| 4
2sinA cosB = sin(A + B) + sin(A − B) 4 DËi : K. 3; L. A = 45, B = 15
tanA + cotB tanA − cotB
M. tanAcotB − cotAtanB Gi gvb wb‡Y©q Ki| 4 cÖk-
œ 22  wP‡Î ACB mv‡c‡ÿ mg‡KvYx wÎfzRwU  †Kv‡Yi
2 AB AB AC BC
DËi : K. 90, 30; L. 60, 30; M. wewfbœ wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ: BC, AC, BC, AC
3
A
œ 19 
cÖk-
C

2  B
1 C
K. AB = 1 Ges BC = 3 n‡j, AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ I  Gi gvb
 wbY©q Ki| 2
A B
K. A + B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
(AB AC
) = 11 +− sin
sin
2
L. †`LvI †h, BC + BC 4
L. A I B m~²‡KvY n‡j A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
AB BC
M. mgvavb Ki : AC + AC = 2 †hLv‡b, 0    90 4 M.  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, cosec  − cot  = 1 4
2 2
DËi : K. A + B = 60; L. A = 45, B = 15

DËi: K. 2 Ges 30; M. 45
œ 25  cot (A + B) = 1 Ges cot (A − B) = 3
cÖk-
1−x K. (A + B) I (A − B) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
œ 23  sin =
cÖk- 1+x
L. A I B =  n‡j, †`LvI †h, cos2cos + sin2.sin =
K. cos Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 1
1 − tan2A cos Ges sin2c + 3 cos 4c = 0 †hLv‡b, c = A − 7 4
L. 1 + tan2 A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 2
M. 3tan2 − 5secD + 1 = 0 n‡j 3A + 2B + D Gi gvb wbY©q
sec + tan 1+ 1 − x2 Ki| GLv‡b D m~²‡KvY 4
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, sec − tan = x
 4
1
2x 3x − 1 DËi : K. A + B = 45, A − B = 30; M. 187 2
DËi: K. 1+x
; L. x + 1 .
œ 24 
cÖk- 3 tan (A−B) = 1, 3 tan(A + B) = 3 Ges
cosec.cot = 2 3 (†hLv‡b  m~²‡KvY|)

œ 26  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R C mg‡KvY, tan B = 3.
cÖk- 3+ 3 2 3 3
= = =2 3 =3
1 1 2 2
K. AB Gi gvb KZ? 2 +
3 3 3
cot A + tan B
L. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, cot B + tan A = cot A. Wvbcÿ = cotA tanB = 3. 3 = 3
tan B. 4  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ)
M. B = p + q Ges A = p − q n‡j, p I q Gi gvb wbY©q M L †_‡K cvB, B = 60 Ges A = 30
Ki| 4  p + q = 60 ................ (i)
p − q = 30 ............... (ii)
 26bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb, (i) + (ii) †_‡K cvB,
K DÏxcK Abymv‡i, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R C = GK mg‡KvY 2p = 90
Ges tanB = 3 A ev, p = 45
GLb, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i, Avevi, (i) − (ii) †_‡K cvB,
3 2q = 30
AB2 = AC2 + 3C2
ev, q = 15
ev, AB2 = ( 3)2 + (1)2 B C
1  p I q Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 45 I 15 (Ans.)
ev, AB = 3 + 1 b
ev, AB = 4 œ 27  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, cotA = a
cÖk-
 AB = 2 (Ans.) K. wPÎ Gu‡K AwZfz‡Ri gvb †ei Ki| 2
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, tanB = 3 asinA − bcosA
L. asinA + bcosA
Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
ev, tanB = tan 60  B = 60 M. a = 1 †m.wg. Ges b = 3 †m.wg. n‡j A I C †Kv‡Yi
Avgiv Rvwb, A + B + C = 180 1 1 2
ev, A = 180 − B − C cwigvY †ei Ki Ges †`LvI †h, sinA + sinC = 3 (3 + 3) 4
ev, A = 180 − 60 − 90  27bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A = 30 AB b
1 K. ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡R cotA = BC = a
GLb, tanA = tan 30 =
3  AB = b, BC = a
A
cotA = cot 30 = 3
tanB = tan 60 = 3
1 b
cotB = cot 60 =
3
cotA + tanB B C
evgcÿ = cotB + tanA a
AwZfzR, AC = AB2 + BC2 = b2 + a2 GKK
wb‡Y©q AwZfzR a2 + b2 GKK  28bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR e‡j Avgiv cvB,
wecixZ evû K. ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R,
a
AwZfzR = a2 + b2 GKK
sinA = AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = 12 + 12 = 1 + 1 = 2
 AC = 2 GKK (Ans)
mwbœwnZ evû a
cosA =
AwZfzR = a2 + b2 GKK L. 'A' †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î, AwZfzR 2 GKK, mwbœwnZ evû 1 GKK,
a b wecixZ evû 1 GKK
a. − b. 2 2
asinA − bcosA a2 + b2 a +b 'C' †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î, AwZfzR 2 GKK, mwbœwnZ evû 1 GKK,
GLb, asinA + bcosA = a b wecixZ evû 1 GKK|
a. 2 2 + b. 2 2
a +b a +b AwZfzR 2
a 2 b 2 AZGe, secA = mwbœwnZ evû = 1 = 2
− 2
a2 + b2 a + b2 a2 − b2 a2 + b2 a2 − b2 wecixZ evû 1
= = 2  2 = 2
a2
+
b2 a +b 2 a + b2 a + b2 Ges tanC = mwbœwnZ evû = 1 = 1
2 2 2 2
a +b a +b
asinA − bcosA a2 − b2 AwZfzR 2
 asinA + bcosA = a2 + b2 Ges secC = mwbœwnZ evû = 1 = 2
M. a = 1 †m.wg., b = 3 †m.wg. n‡j ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, wecixZ evû 1
a Ges tanA = mwbœwnZ evû = 1 = 1
sinA = 2
a + b2 secA + tanC
1 1 1 1 GLb, secC − tanA
= = = =
12 + ( 3)2 1+3 4 2
2 + 1 ( 2 + 1)( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)2 ( 2 + 1)2
ev, sinA = sin30 = = = =
2 − 1 ( 2 − 1)( 2 + 1) ( 2)2 − 12 2 − 1
 A = 30
AB b = ( 2 + 1)2 = 2 + 2 2 + 1 = 3 + 2 2
Avevi, sinC = AC = 2 2 secA + tanC
a +b wb‡Y©q secC − tanA = 3 + 2 2
3
= [gvb ewm‡q] M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, tanA = 1
1 + ( 3)2
2
ev, tanA = tan45
3 3 3
= = =  A = 45
1+3 4 2
Ges tanC = 1
3
 sinC =
2 ev, tanC = tan45  C = 45
ev, sinC = sin60  C = 60 ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx mgwØevû wÎfzR n‡j,
1 1
Avevi, sinA + sinC = 1 +
1 1 cÖ`Ë wPÎ †_‡K cvB, x + y = 45
3 x − y = 45
2 2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
2 2 3+2 [†hvM K‡i] 2x = 90

=2+ = 90
3 3 x = 2 = 45
2( 3 + 1) 2( 3 + 1) 3
= =  AZGe, y = 45 − x
3 3 3
= 45 − 45 = 0
2
= (3 + 3) (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) AZGe, x = 45 Ges y = 0 (Ans)
3
œ 28 
cÖk- œ 29  2cos sin = sin2 + cos2 Ges 0    90
cÖk-
C K. tan + cot = KZ? 2
L. mgvavb Ki : tan + cot = 2 4
x−y M. ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß  Gi gvb eënvi Ki Ges x = 15
1 n‡j cªgvY Ki cot( + x) cosec2( − x) =
2cosec( + x) 4
x+y
A
B 1
2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2cossin = sin  + cos 
2 2
K. AC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2cos sin sin2 cos2
secA + tanC
L. secC − tanA Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 ev, cos sin = sincos + sincos
M. x Ges y Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
sin cos A
ev, 2 = cos + sin
ev, 2 = tan + cot
 tan + cot = 2 (Ans.) 3
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, tan + cot = 2
1 
ev, tan + tan = 2 B C
1
tan2 +1 AwZfzR, AC = ( 3)2 + (1)2 = 3 + 1 = 4 = 2
ev, tan
=2
AB 3
ev, tan  + 1 = 2tan
2  Gi wecixZ evû I AwZfz‡Ri AbycvZ, AC = 2
ev, tan2 − 2tan + 1 = 0 3
 sin =
ev, (tan − 1)2 = 0 2
ev, tan = 1 BC 1
 Gi mwbœwnZ evû I AwZfz‡Ri AbycvZ, AC= 2
ev, tan = tan45   = 45 1
 cos =
wb‡Y©q mgvavb,  = 45 2
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß  = 45 3
sin 2
†Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 15 L. GLb, tan = =
cos 1
= 3
cot( + x) cosec2( − x) 2
= cot(45 + 15){cosec(45 − 15)}2 cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = p
= cot60(cosec30)2 ev, (tan)2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = p
1 4
= (2)2 = (i) ev, ( 3)2 − (1 + 3) 3 + 3 = p
3 3
ev, 3 − 3 − 3 + 3=p
Avevi, 2cosec( + x) p=0
= 2cosec(45 + 15) AZGe, p Gi gvb 0 (Ans.)
= 2cosec60 M. GLb, tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = p
2 4 ev, tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = 0 [ÔLÕ n‡Z p = 0]
= 2 = (ii)
3 3
ev, tan2 − tan − 3 tan + 3 = 0
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) n‡Z cvB, ev, tan(tan − 1) − 3 (tan − 1) = 0
cot( + x) cosec2( − x) = 2cosec( + x) (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, (tan − 1) (tan − 3) = 0
œ 30 
cÖk- nq tan − 1 = 0 A_ev, tan − 3 = 0
A ev, tan = 1 ev, tan = 3
ev, tan = tan45 ev, tan = tan60
  = 45   = 60
3 wb‡Y©q mgvavb,  = 45 A_ev, 60
œ 31 
cÖk-

B C A
1
K. wPÎ n‡Z  †Kv‡Yi Rb¨ wecixZ evû I AwZfz‡Ri
AbycvZ Ges mwbœwnZ evû I AwZfz‡Ri AbycvZ †ei Ki| 2
3
L. tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = p n‡j p Gi gvb
wbY©q Ki| 4
C B
M. mgvavb Ki : tan2 − (1 + 3) tan + 3 = p 4 4
 30bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  K. AB Gi gvb KZ? 2
cosecA + tanB
K. wP‡Î, ABC wÎfz‡R B = 90 L. cosecA − tanB
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R f‚wg, BC = 1 Ges ACB =  2tan
M. tanB = sin2 n‡j, 1 + tan2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
K. ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C = GK mg‡KvY
 AB2 = AC2 + BC2
ev, AB = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
 AB = 5 GKK ev, BC2 = AC2 − AB2 A
L. GLb, 'A' †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î, mwbœwnZ evû 3 GKK, wecixZ evû 4 ev, BC = AC2 − AB2 a a2 + b2
GKK, AwZfzR 5 GKK| = (a2 + b2)2 − a2 
Ges 'B' †Kv‡Yi †ÿ‡Î, mwbœwnZ evû 4 GKK, B C
b
= a +b −a
2 2 2
wecixZ evû 3 GKK Ges AwZfzR 5 GKK = b2 = b
wecixZ evû AB a
GLb, tanB = mwbœwnZ evû  tan =
BC
=
b
(Ans.)
3 a
ev, tanB = 4 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, tan = b
AwZfzR 5 sin a
ev, cos = b
Ges cosecA = wecixZ evû = 4
 cosecA + tanB asin a2 a
ev, bcos = b2 [Dfqcÿ‡K b Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
5 3 8
= + = =2 asin + bcos a2 + b2
4 4 4 ev, asin −bcos = a2 − b2
Ges cosecA − tanB
5 3 5−3 2 1 [ †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
= − = = = asin − bcos a2 − b2
4 4 4 4 2
cosecA + tanB 2 2
 asin + bcos = a2 + b2 (Ans.)
AZGe, wb‡Y©q cosecA − tanB = 1 = 2  1 = 4
M. Abykxjbxi 9.1 Gi D`vniY 8 †`L| [we. `ª. a I b Gi ¯’‡j
2 h_vµ‡g m I n n‡e|]
3
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, tanB = 4 œ 33  ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R C = 90, AB = 2 †m. wg. Ges
cÖk-
Avevi, tanB = sin2 BC = 1 †m. wg.
3
ev, 4 = sin2 K. AC Ges tanA Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
cosec2A − sec2A
3 L. cosec2A + sec2A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 2 = sin [eM©g~j K‡i]
secA + 1
ev, sin = sin60 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, secA −1
= cotA + cosecA 4
  = 60
2tan 2tan60
GLb, 1 + tan2 = 1 + tan260
2. 3 2 3
= =
1 + ( 3)2 1 + 3
2 3 3
= = (Ans.)
4 2
œ 32  AB = a, AC = a2 + b2 , c = 
cÖk-
A
C B
K. tan Gi wÎ‡KvYwgwZK AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
asin − bcos
L. tan Gi gvb eënvi K‡i asin + bcos
Gi
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. hw` tanA + sinA = m, tan A sinA = n nq, Z‡e
cÖgvY Ki †h, m2 − n2 = 4 mn 4
K. ABC-G B = 90
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î]
 33bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  12 − 4
3 8 3 1
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, = =  = (Ans.)
A
12 + 4 3 16 2
AB = 2 †m. wg. 3
BC = 1 †m. wg. 2 †m.wg. 1 1
M. cotA = tanA = 1 = 3
 AC = AB2 − BC2
C C
= 22− 12 1 †m.wg. 3
= 3 2
+1
BC 1 secA + 1 3
 tanA = = (Ans.) evgcÿ = =
AC 3 secA −1 2
L. ABC wÎfzR †_‡K, 3 −1
AB 2
cosecA = = =2 2+ 3
BC 1
AB 2 3 2+ 3
Ges secA = AC = =
2− 3
=
3− 3
3
− 
2 2 3
(2)2
cosec2A − sec2A  3 2 +( 3)2
 = =
(2)2 +  
cosec2 A + sec2A 2 2 (2)2 − ( 3) 2
 3 =2+ 3
4−
4 Wvbcÿ = cotA + cosec A
3 = 3+2
=
4
4+ =2+ 3
3
secA + 1
 = cotA + cosecA (cÖgvwYZ)
secA −1
`kg Aa¨vq
`~iZ¡ I D”PZv fviZxq MwYZwe` Avh©fÆ (476 Ñ 550) cÖ_g Pi (cvB) Gi
Distance & Height gvb wbY©q K‡ib| cvkvcvwk GKwU MwYZ †Uwej ˆZwi
K‡ib hv cieZ©x‡Z sine †Uwej bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq|

 f‚-†iLv, EaŸ©‡iLv Ges Djø¤^Zj :
f‚-†iLv n‡”Q f‚wg Z‡j Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv| EaŸ©‡iLv n‡”Q f‚wg Z‡ji Dci j¤^ †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv| G‡K Djø¤^ †iLvI
e‡j|
A
f‚wg Z‡ji Dci j¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z ci¯úi‡”Q`x f‚-†iLv I EaŸ©‡iLv GKwU Zj wbw`©ó K‡i| G
Zj‡K Djø¤^ Zj e‡j|
EaŸ©‡iLv
wP‡Î : CB †iLv n‡”Q f‚-†iLv, BA †iLv n‡”Q EaŸ©‡iLv Ges ABC ZjwU f‚wgi Dci j¤^ hv
Djø¤^ Zj| C f‚- †iLv B
 DbœwZ †KvY I AebwZ †KvY : P
f‚Z‡ji Dc‡ii †Kv‡bv we›`y f‚wgi mgvšÍivj †iLvi mv‡_ †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K DbœwZ †KvY DbœwZ †KvY
ejv nq| O we›`y‡Z P we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY n‡”Q POB| f‚Z‡ji mgvšÍivj †iLvi wb‡Pi †Kv‡bv A O
AebwZ †KvY
B
we›`y f‚-†iLvi mv‡_ †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K AebwZ †KvY ejv nq| O we›`y‡Z Q we›`yi
Q
AebwZ †KvY n‡”Q QOA|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ K. CAD Gi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 20 3
L. AB I BC Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| ev, AB = 2
M. A I D Gi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|  AB = 10 3 wgUvi = 17.320 wgUvi (cÖvq)
A j¤^
Avevi, tan60 = f‚wg
AB 10 3
20 wgUvi ev, 3 = BC = BC
60
30 D
ev, 3BC = 10 3
B C
mgvavb : ev, BC = 10 3
3
K. wPÎ n‡Z cvB, ACB = 60  BC = 10 wgUvi
BCD = mij‡KvY = 180 wb‡Y©q AB 17.320 wgUvi (cÖvq) Ges BC 10 wgUvi|
 ACD = 180 − ACB = 180 − 60 = 120 M. g‡b Kwi, A I D Gi `~iZ¡ x wgUvi A_©vr, AD = x wgUvi
ACD n‡Z cvB, ACD + ADC + CAD = 180 wPÎ n‡Z cvB,
ev, 120 + 30 + CAD = 180 j¤^
ABD G, sin30 =
ev, CAD = 180 − 150 AwZfzR
 CAD = 30 ev, 12 = AD
AB
j¤^
L. ABC G, sin60 = AwZfzR 1
ev, 2 =
10 3
x
3 AB AB  x = 20 3 = 34.64 (cÖvq)
ev, 2 = AC = 20  A I D Gi `~iZ¡ 34.64 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
ev, 2AB = 20 3
cÖkœ \ 2 \ `yBwU wK‡jvwgUvi †cv÷ A I B Gi gaëZx© †Kv‡bv 3x 3  250
¯’v‡bi Dci O we›`y‡Z GKwU †nwjKÞvi n‡Z H wK‡jvwgUvi ev, OA = 3 = [L †_‡K, 3x= 3  250, x = 250]
3
†cv÷Ø‡qi AebwZ †KvY h_vµ‡g 60 Ges 30| 2 2
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn AvbycvwZK wPÎ A¼b Ki|  OA = 500 wgUvi|
L. †nwjKÞviwU gvwU †_‡K KZ DuPz‡Z Aew¯’Z?  A we›`y †_‡K †nwjKÞviwUi mivmwi `~iZ¡ 500 wgUvi|
M. A we›`y †_‡K †nwjKÞviwUi mivmwi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| cÖkœ \ 3 \ wb‡Pi wP‡Î O we›`y‡Z P we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY †KvbwU?
mgvavb : K. A
O

B P
Q
60 30
A B
O
h K. QOB  POA
60 30
M. QOA N. POB
A x D (1000 − x) wg. B
g‡b Kwi, O †nwjKÞv‡ii Ae¯’vb Ges A I B GK cÖkœ \ 4 \ i f‚-†iLv n‡”Q f‚wg Z‡j Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv|
wK‡jvwgUvi `~ieZx© `yBwU †cv‡÷i P‚ov| O †_‡K A I B Gi ii EaŸ©‡iLv n‡”Q f‚wg Z‡ji Ici j¤^ †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv|
AebwZ †KvY h_vµ‡g 60 I 30 iii f‚wgZ‡ji Dci j¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z ci¯úi‡”Q`x f‚-†iLv I
AZGe, AOA = 60 I BOB = 30. Avevi, AB I AB EaŸ©‡iLv GKwU Zj wbw`©ó K‡i| G Zj‡K Djø¤^ Zj e‡j|
mgvšÍivj e‡j AOA = OAB = 60 I BOB = OBA = Ic‡ii evK¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU mwVK?
30
K. i I ii L. i I iii
GLv‡b, AB = 1000 wgUvi M. ii I iii  i, ii I iii
GLb, O †_‡K AB Gi Dci OD j¤^ Uvwb| myZivs OD cv‡ki wPÎ Aby h vqx 5 Ñ 6 cÖ k œ `y B wUi DËi `vI :
†nwjKÞv‡ii D”PZv| cÖkœ \ 5 \ BC Gi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e Ñ A
L. awi, AD = x wgUvi, OP = h wgUvi, AZGe, BD = (1000 − x) wgUvi K.

4
wgUvi  4 wgUvi 8 wgUvi
GLb, OAD †_‡K cvB, 3
j¤^ M. 4 2 wgUvi N. 4 3 wgUvi
tan60 = 60
f‚wg B C
BC
OD e¨vL¨v : ABC -G cos60  =
ev, tan60 = AD AC
1
ev, 3 = x
h ev, BC = AC . cos60 = 8 . 2 = 4
h  BC = 4 wgUvi|
ev, x = cÖkœ \ 6 \ AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ n‡eÑ
3
 h = 3x ..... ......... ..... (i) K.
4
wgUvi L. 4 wgUvi
3
Avevi, tanOBD = OD
BD M. 4 2 wgUvi  4 3 wgUvi
h
ev, tan30 = 1000 − x e¨vL¨v :
AB
ABC-G sin60 = AC
1 h
ev, = 1000 − x 3
 AB = AC sin60 = 8 . 2 = 4 3
3
ev, 1000 − x = 3h cÖkœ \ 7 \ GKwU wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K wKQy `~‡i GKwU ¯’v‡b
myZivs 1000 − x = 3. 3x [(i) bs †_‡K gvb ewm‡q] wgbviwUi kx‡l©i DbœwZ 30 Ges wgbviwUi D”PZv 26 wgUvi n‡j,
ev, 1000 − x = 3x wgbvi †_‡K H ¯’vbwUi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
ev, 4x = 1000 A
1000
ev, x = 4
wgUvi
 x = 250
GLb x Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y emvB,
26
30
h = 3x = 3  250 = 433.013 wgUvi (cÖvq) O x B
wb‡Y©q D”PZv 433.013 wgUvi (cÖvq) mgvavb :

M. GLb, AOD †_‡K cvB, g‡b Kwi, wgbviwUi cv`we›`y B, f‚Z‡ji wbw`©ó ¯’vb O Ges
OD kxl©we›`y A| wgbviwU †_‡K H ¯’vbwUi `~iZ¡ BO = x wgUvi
sinOAD = OA  AOB = 30 Ges BA = 26 wgUvi|
ev, sin60 = OA
h GLb, AOB †_‡K cvB,
AB
3 h tanAOB = BO
ev, 2 = OA 26
h ev, tan30 = x
ev, OA = 1 26
3 ev, = x
2 3
ev, x = 26 3
ev, x = 26 × 1.73205 D
30
A
 x = 45 033 wgUvi (cÖvq)|

.
20 wgUvi
 wgbviwU †_‡K H ¯’vbwUi `~iZ¡ 45.033 wgUvi (cÖvq)| h wgUvi
cÖkœ \ 8 \ GKwU Mv‡Qi cv`‡`k †_‡K 20 wgUvi `~‡i f‚Z‡ji †Kv‡bv 30
C B
we›`y‡Z Mv‡Qi P‚ovi DbœwZ †KvY 60 n‡j, MvQwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| g‡b Kwi, NiwUi D”PZv AB = h wgUvi|
mgvavb : NiwUi Qv`¯’ A we›`y †_‡K f‚Zj¯’ C we›`yi `~iZ¡ AC = 20 wgUvi
A
Ges AebwZ DAC = 30
 DAC = ACB = 30 [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
AB
h wgUvi GLb, ABC †_‡K cvB, sin30 = AC
1 h 1
ev, 2 = 20 [  sin30 = 2 ]
60 ev, 2h = 20
C B 20
20 wgUvi
ev, h = 2
g‡b Kwi, Mv‡Qi D”PZv AB = h wgUvi Ges MvQwUi cv`‡`k †_‡K
 h = 10
C we›`yi `~iZ¡ BC = 20 wgUvi Ges kx‡l©i DbœwZ ACB = 60
wb‡Y©q NiwUi D”PZv 10 wgUvi|
GLb, ABC †_‡K cvB,
AB
tan60 = BC
cÖkœ \ 11 \ f‚Z‡j †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b GKwU ¯Í‡¤¢i kx‡l©i DbœwZ 60|
H ¯’vb †_‡K 25 wgUvi wcwQ‡q †M‡j ¯Í¤¢wUi DbœwZ †KvY 30 nq|
h
ev, 3 = 20 [  tan60 = 3 ] ¯Í¤¢wUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki|
ev, h = 20 3 = 20  1 7320508 = 34 641016 = 34 641
. . . mgvavb :
A
wb‡Y©q MvQwUi D”PZv 34.641 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ 18 wgUvi ˆ`N©¨ GKwU gB f‚wgi mv‡_ 45 †KvY Drcbœ
K‡i †Ìqv‡ji Qv` ¯úk© K‡i| †ÌqvjwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : h wgUvi
A
18 wgUvi
30 60
h wgUvi
D 25 wgUvi C x wgUvi B
45 g‡b Kwi, ¯Í¤¢wUi D”PZv AB = h wgUvi Ges kx‡l©i DbœwZ ACB = 60|
C B
C ¯’vb †_‡K CD = 25 wgUvi wcwQ‡q †M‡j DbœwZ ADB = 30 nq|
g‡b Kwi, Qv‡ì ¯úk© we›`y A Ges †Ìqv‡ji D”PZv AB = h awi, BC = x wgUvi
wgUvi| gB-Gi ˆ`N©¨ AC = 18 wgUvi Ges f‚wgi mv‡_ Drcbœ  BD = BC + CD = (x + 25) wgUvi
ACB = 45 GLb, ABC †_‡K cvB,
AB AB
GLb, ABC †_‡K cvB, sin45 = AC tan60 = BC
1 h 1 h
ev, = [  sin45 = ] ev, 3=x [ tan60 = 3]
2 18 2
ev, 2h = 18 ev, x =
h
18 18 2 3
ev, h = = ev, h = 3x ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (i)
2 2 2
18 2 Avevi, ABD †_‡K cvB,
ev, h = 2 AB
tan30 = BD
ev, h = 9 2 1 h
ev, h = 9  1.4142135 ev, =
3 x + 25
ev, h = 12.727922 ev, 3h = x + 25
 h = 12.728 wgUvi (cÖvq)| ev, 3. 3x = x + 25 [(i) bs eënvi K‡i]
wb‡Y©q †ÌqvjwUi D”PZv 12.728 wgUvi (cÖvq)| ev, 3x = x + 25
cÖkœ \ 10 \ GKwU N‡ii Qv‡ì †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z H we›`y †_‡K 20 ev, 3x − x = 25
wgUvi `~‡ii f‚Zj¯’ GKwU we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 30 n‡j, NiwUi ev, 2x = 25
D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 25
 x = 2 = 12.5
mgvavb : x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
h = 3  12.5
A
ev, h = 1.73205  12.5
ev, h = 21.650625
 h = 21.651 (cÖvq)
h wgUvi
wb‡Y©q ¯Í¤¢wUi D”PZv 21.651 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
cÖkœ \ 12 \ †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †_‡K GKwU wgbv‡ii w`‡K 60 wgUvi
GwM‡q Avm‡j wgbv‡ii kxl© we›`yi DbœwZ 45 †_‡K 60 nq| 30 60
D B
96 wgUvi C x wgUvi
wgbviwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| x wgUvi
mgvavb :
A g‡b Kwi, UvIqv‡ii D”PZv AB = h wgUvi Ges b`xi we¯Ívi BC =
x wgUvi| C we›`y‡Z kx‡l©i DbœwZ ACB = 60 Ges D we›`y‡Z
DbœwZ ADB = 30 hLb, CD = 96 wgUvi|
 BD = (BC + CD) = (x + 96) wgUvi
h wgUvi GLb, ABC †_‡K cvB,
AB
tanACB = BC
45 60
h
C 60 wgUvi D x wgUvi B ev, tan60 = x
g‡b Kwi, wgbv‡ii D”PZv AB = h wgUvi| C we›`y‡Z kxl© A Gi
h
DbœwZ ACB = 45 Ges C †_‡K wgbv‡ii w`‡K 60 wgUvi GwM‡q ev, 3=x [  tan60 = 3 ]
D-†Z DbœwZ ADB = 60| Zvn‡j CD = 60 wgUvi| h
 x= ... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... (i)
awi, DB = x wgUvi 3
GLb, ABD †_‡K cvB, Avevi, ABD †_‡K cvB,
AB AB
tan60 = BD tanADB = BD
h h
ev, 3=x [  tan60 = 3 ] ev, tan30 = x + 96
 h = 3x ............................................. (i) ev,
1
=
h
[  tan30 =
1
]
Avevi, ABC †_‡K cvB, 3 x + 96 3
AB
tan45 = BC ev, 3h = x + 96
h h
h ev, 3h = + 96 [x= ]
ev, 1 = x + 60 [  tan45 = 1 ] 3 3
h
ev, h = x + 60 ev, 3h − = 96
3
ev, 3x = x + 60 [ 3x = h] 3h − h
ev, ( 3 − 1)x = 60 ev, = 96
3
ev, x =
60 ev, 2h = 96 3
3−1 96 3
ev, h = 2 = 48 3
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
60 ev, h = 48  3
ev, h = 3.  h = 83.138 wgUvi (cÖvq)
3−1
GLb, h Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
60 3 60 3( 3 + 1)
ev, h = = 48  3
3 − 1 ( 3 − 1) ( 3 + 1) x= = 48
3
60(3 + 3) 60 (3 + 1.7320508) A_©vr, b`xi we¯Ívi 48 wgUvi|
ev, h = =
3−1
( 3)2 − (1)2 wb‡Y©q UvIqv‡ii D”PZv 83.138 wgUvi (cÖvq) Ges b`xi we¯Ívi
60  4.7320508 48 wgUvi|
ev, h = 2
cÖkœ \ 14 \ 64 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU LyuwU †f‡O wM‡q m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ bv n‡q
= 30  4.7320508 f‚wgi mv‡_ 60 Drcbœ K‡i| LyuwUwUi fvOv As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
= 141.96152 = 141.962 mgvavb :
wb‡Y©q wgbviwUi D”PZv 141.962 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
cÖkœ \ 13 \ GKwU b`xi Zx‡i †Kv‡bv GK ¯’v‡b ùvwo‡q GKRb
†jvK †`Lj †h, †mvRvmywR wVK Aci Zx‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU UvIqv‡ii
DbœwZ †KvY 60| H ¯’vb †_‡K 96 wgUvi wcwQ‡q †M‡j DbœwZ †KvY 30
nq| UvIqv‡ii D”PZv Ges b`xi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb :
A BC
GLb, BDC G tan30 = BD
1 12 1
ev, = [  tan30 = ]
3 h 3
D ev, h = 12 3
= 12  1.7320508
= 20.785 wgUvi
h wgUvi Avevi, BDC-G
BC
sin30 = CD
60 1 12 1
C x wgUvi B ev, 2 = x [ sin 30 = 2 ]
g‡b Kwi, LyuwUi ˆ`N©¨, AB = 64 wgUvi| ev, x = 24 wgUvi|
LyuwUwU D we›`y‡Z †f‡O wew”Qbœ bv n‡q C we›`y‡Z f‚wgi mv‡_ BCD  MvQwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨, AB = AD + BD
= 60 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| awi, BD = h wgUvi Ges CB = x wgUvi| = (x + h) wgUvi
Zvn‡j, CD = (64 − h) wgUvi = (24 + 20.785) wgUvi
GLb, BCD G = 44.785 wgUvi (cÖvq)
BD
sinBCD = CD m¤ú~Y© MvQwUi ˆ`N©¨ 44.785 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
h cÖkœ \ 16 \ GKwU b`xi GK Zx‡i †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b ùvwo‡q GKRb
ev, sin60 = 64 − h †jvK †`Lj †h, wVK †mvRvmywR Aci Zx‡i Aew¯’Z 150 wgUvi j¤^v
3 h 3 GKwU Mv‡Qi kx‡l©i DbœwZ †KvY 30| †jvKwU GKwU †bŠKv‡hv‡M
ev, 2 = 64 − h [  sin60 = 2 ] MvQwU‡K jÿ¨ K‡i hvÎv ïiæ Kij| wKš‘ cvwbi †mªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y
ev, 2h = 64 3 − 3h †jvKwU MvQ †_‡K 10 wgUvi `~‡i Zx‡i †cuŠQj|
ev, 2h + 3h = 64 3 K. Dc‡iv³ eY©bvwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
L. b`xi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki|
ev, h (2 + 3) = 64 3
M. †jvKwUi hvÎv ¯’vb †_‡K AeZi‡Yi ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
64 3 mgvavb :
ev, h =
2+ 3 K. DcwiD³ eY©bvwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
64 3 (2 − 3)
ev, h = A
(2 + 3) (2 − 3)
64 3 (2 − 3) 64(2 3 − 3)
ev, h = =
4−3
(2)2 − ( 3)2 150 wgUvi
= 64(2 3 − 3)
 h = 29.702 wgUvi (cÖvq) 30
C B
 CD = (64 − h) wgUvi x wgUvi
10 wgUvi
= (64 − 29.702) wgUvi D
= 34.298 wgUvi| L. g‡b Kwi, b`xi we¯Ívi BC = x wgUvi| b`xi GK Zx‡ii we›`y B
wb‡Y©q LyuwUwUi fvOv As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ 34.298 wgUvi (cÖvq)| †Z GKwU MvQ AB = 150 wgUvi Ges Aci Zx‡ii C we›`y‡Z
cÖkœ \ 15 \ GKwU MvQ S‡o Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †h Awew”Qbœ fvOv MvQwUi kxl©we›`y A Gi DbœwZ †KvY BCA = 30
Ask `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ 30 †KvY K‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K 12 GLb, mg‡KvYx wÎfzR BCA †_‡K cvB,
wgUvi `~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i| m¤ú~Y© MvQwUi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| AB
mgvavb : tanBCA = BC
A 150
ev, tan30 = x
D 1 150 1
ev, = x [  tan30 = ]
30 3 3
ev, x = 150 3
h wgUvi
ev, x = 150  1.732050808
ev, x = 259.8076
C 12 wgUvi B
 x = 259.808 wgUvi (cÖvq)
g‡b Kwi, MvQwU AB hv S‡o D we›`y‡Z †f‡O m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ bv n‡q A_©vr, b`xi we¯Ívi 259.808 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
f‚wg B †_‡K 12 wgUvi `~‡i C we›`y‡Z gvwU ¯úk© K‡i‡Q Ges M. g‡b Kwi, †jvKwU C we›`y n‡Z hvÎv ïiæ Kij| wKš‘ cvwbi
BDC = 30 †mªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y MvQ †_‡K 10 wgUvi `~‡i D we›`y‡Z †cuŠQj|
awi, BD = h wgUvi Ges AD = CD = x wgUvi| Zvn‡j, hvÎv ¯’vb †_‡K MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ CD wgUvi Ges BD = 10
Zvn‡j m¤ú~Y© MvQwUi ˆ`N©¨, AB = BD + DA wgUvi
= BD + DC
= (h + x) wgUvi
GLb, BCD mg‡KvYx wÎfzR †_‡K cvB,
CD2 = BD2 + BC2
ev, CD2 = (10)2 + (150 3)2 [ BC = 150 3 wg.]  CD = 260 wgUvi
ev, CD2 = 100 + 67500  †jvKwUi AeZi‡Yi ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ 260 wgUvi|
ev, CD2 = 67600
ev, CD = 67600

1. 7. GKwU wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K 15 wgUvi `~‡i f‚Z‡ji †Kvb
D A we›`y‡Z wgbv‡ii P‚ovq DbœwZ †KvY 60 n‡j wgbv‡ii D”PZv
60
KZ?
 15 3 L 20 3 M 30 3 N 50 3
90
B C 8. 3 wg. I 11 wg. DuPz `yBwU LyuwUi kxl©Ø‡qi `~iZ¡ 10 wg. n‡j
A we›`y‡Z B we›`yi AebwZ †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? LyuwUØ‡qi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ wgUvi?
K 90 L 60 M 45  30 K 3  6 M 8 N 10
2. wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
P A
60
9 †m.wg.
h †m.wg. 7 cm
30
Q R C B
Dc‡ii wP‡Î h Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 9. †KvbwU mwVK?
 45 †m.wg. L 63 †m.wg. M 78 †m.wg. N 9.5 †m.wg. K A we›`y‡Z B we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 60
3. L C we›`y‡Z A we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 30
A  A we›`y‡Z C we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 60
N A we›`y‡Z C we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 30
LyuwU
10. BC Gi ˆ`N©¨−
60 90
B C 7 3 14 7
K 14 cm L M 
Dc‡ii wP‡Î LyuwUi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? 2 cm 3 2 cm
K5 L
10
M 5 3  10 3
wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : [Kz. †ev. Õ15]
3 A
4. 18 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU gB GKwU †Ìqv‡ji Qv` eivei †Vm 50 wg
w`‡q f‚wgi m‡½ 45 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| †ÌqvjwUi D”PZv B
30 C
wbY©q Ki| 10 wg
D
K 11528 wgUvi (cÖvq) L 12627 wgUvi (cÖvq)
11. AB = KZ wgUvi?
 12728 wgUvi (cÖvq) N 13728 wgUvi (cÖvq)
K 25 L 25 3  100 N 100 3
5.
12. BD = KZ wgUvi?
ê`y¨wZK LyuwU
K 7660 (cÖvq)  8602 (cÖvq)

M 8718 (cÖvq) N 18660 (cÖvq)
60
10 m
wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨
ê`y¨wZK LyuwUi D”PZv KZ? [Kz. †ev. b. cÖ. Õ15] 60
 17321 wg. (cÖvq) L 17320 wg. (cÖvq) 60
D C
M 5774 wg. (cÖvq) N 5773 wg. (cÖvq) B
6. wP‡Î BD = 5 wgUvi Ges AD = CD n‡j AB Gi gvb KZ wgUvi? wP‡Î : BD = 10 wgUvi ADB = 60 Ges BAC = 60|
A
13. AB LyuwUwUi D”PZv KZ wgUvi?
D K 5 L 5 3 M 10  10 3
14. LyuwUwUi cv`‡`k n‡Z f‚Zj¯’ C we›`yi `~iZ¡ KZ wgUvi?
B 30
C K5 3 L 10 M 10 3  30
10 m
K 5 L 75 M5 5  15

f‚-†iLv, EaŸ©‡iLv Ges Djø¤^Zj 26. f‚Z‡ji Dc‡ii †Kv‡bv we›`y f‚wgi mgvšÍivj †iLvi mv‡_ †h
†KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  Dbœ w Z †KvY L AebwZ †KvY
M mg‡KvY N m~²‡KvY
15. wÎ‡KvYwgwZK cwigvc wbY©‡q †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb? (mnR)
27. f‚Z‡ji mgvšÍivj †iLvi wb‡Pi †Kv‡bv we›`y f‚-†iLvi mv‡_
K m~²‡KvY  mg‡KvY M ¯’~j‡KvY N c~iK‡KvY
†h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K Kx †KvY e‡j? (mnR)
16. cv‡ki wP‡Î EaŸ©‡iLv †KvbwU? A (mnR)
K DbœwZ †KvY  AebwZ †KvY
K AC  AB
M BC N ABC M mg‡KvY N m~²‡KvY
17.
C
f‚wg Z‡j Aew¯’Z †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLv‡K Kx e‡j?
B
(mnR)
28. GKwU Lu y wUi ˆ`N© ¨ 40 wgUvi, kxl©we›`yi DbœwZ‡KvY 60 n‡j
 f‚-†iLv L EaŸ©‡iLv M Djø¤^‡iLv N j¤^‡iLv
LuywUi Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
18. f‚wg Z‡ji Dci j¤^ †h‡Kv‡bv †iLv‡K Kx e‡j? (ga¨g) 40 3
K 40 3  wgUvi M 80 3 N
40 wgUvi
K f‚-†iLv  EaŸ©‡iLv M mij‡iLv N eµ‡iLv 3
19. Dj¤^ †iLvi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 29. GKwU wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K 15 wgUvi `~‡i f‚Z‡ji †Kv‡bv
K e· †iLv L f‚-†iLv  EaŸ©‡iLv N DjøZj we›`y‡Z wgbv‡ii P‚ovq DbœwZ †KvY 60 n‡j wgbv‡ii D”PZv
KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  15 3 L 20 3 M 30 3 N5 3
e¨vL¨v : awi, wgbv‡ii D”PZv = AB A
20. EaŸ©‡iLvi Aci bvg Kx? (mnR) AB
K f‚‡iLv  Djø¤^‡iLv M j¤^‡iLv N tan60 = BC
f‚mgvšÍivj ev, AB = BC tan60 = 15 3
21. Djø¤^ Zj n‡”QÑ
C B
i. ci¯úi‡”Q`x f‚-†iLv I EaŸ©‡iLvi ga¨w¯’Z Zj
30.
ii. f‚wg Z‡ji Dci j¤^ †h‡Kv‡bv mij‡iLvi Zj
iii. †h †Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri ga¨w¯’Z Zj
22. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
A wP‡Î AB = 8 wgUvi n‡j AC = ? (ga¨g)
K8 2 4 2 M3 2 N2 2
AC
e¨vL¨v : sin45 = AB
1
ev, AC = AB sin45 = 8  =4 2
2
C B
i. wP‡Î AB EaŸ©‡iLv 31. 30 †KvY A¼‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb kZ©wU mwVK? (mnR)
ii. BC f‚-†iLv K f‚wg = j¤^  f‚wg  j¤^ M f‚wg 
iii. ABC Djø¤^ j¤^ j¤^ N f‚wg  j¤^
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 32. 60 †KvY A¼‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb kZ©wU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L ii I iii Mi I iii  i, ii I iii K f‚wg = j¤^ L f‚wg  j¤^
M f‚wg  j¤^  f‚wg  j¤^
DbœwZ †KvY I AebwZ †KvY 33. 10 wgUvi cÖ¯’ wewkó b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU UvIqv‡ii
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi D”PZv 10 3 wgUvi n‡j Aci Zx‡i UvIqv‡ii AebwZ †KvY
23. P P KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
K 90  60 M 45 N 30
AB A
X X e¨vL¨v : tan = BC 
O
wP‡Î †KvbwU O we›`y‡Z P we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY? (mnR) 10 3
ev, tan = 10 10 3 wg.
 POX L POX
M POP N POX
ev, tan = 3
24. O   = 60 
C 10 wgUvi B
X X
34. GKwU wgbv‡ii D”PZv 20 3 wgUvi Ges Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ 20
P
wgUvi n‡j Gi AebwZ †KvY KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
P
K 30 L 45  60 N 90
wP‡Î †KvbwU O we›`y‡Z P we›`yi AebwZ †KvY? (mnR)
35. GKwU UvIqv‡ii cv`‡`‡k †_‡K 75 wgUvi `~‡i f‚Zj¯’ †Kvb
K POX L POX M POP  POX
we›`y‡Z UvIqv‡ii DbœwZ‡KvY 45 n‡j UvIqv‡ii D”PZv KZ? (KwVb)
25. GKwU UvIqv‡ii DbœwZ †Kv‡Yi gvb µgk Kg‡Z _vK‡j
K 75 2 wg.  75 wg. M 75 3 wg. N 25 3 wg.
Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ Kxiƒc n‡e? (mnR)
36. AebwZ †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ wWwMÖ n‡j GKwU †Ìqv‡ji ˆ`N©¨ I
K GKB _vK‡e L K‡g hv‡e
Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb n‡e? (mnR)
 †e‡o hv‡e N Qvqv _vK‡e bv
K 90  45 M 60 N 30
37. †nwjKÞvi †_‡K 15 wK.wg. `~ieZ©x †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi AebwZ †KvY K 30 L 45  60 N 90
30 n‡j †nwjKÞviwU KZ wK.wg. D”PZvq Aew¯’Z? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, A
K 5.5  7.5 M 8.5 N 10 1

A
cosACB = 2 2 †m. wg.
h
e¨vL¨v : sin30 = 15 30 ev, cos = cos60
ev, h = 15  sin30 15 wK.wg.  = 60
30
h B C
1
= 15 
2 30 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
= 7.5 wK.wg. C B
38. GKwU cZvKvi LuywU †f‡O, fvOv Ask f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY 46. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
Drcbœ K‡i| LuywUwUi fvOv As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ 16 wgUvi n‡j, i. f‚Z‡ji Dci †Kv‡bv we›`yi f‚wgi mgvšÍivj †iLvi mv‡_
`Êvqgvb As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (KwVb) †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv DbœwZ †KvY
8 L8 3 M 16 N 16 3 ii. f‚Z‡ji Dci Drcbœ †KvY AebwZ †KvY
39. GKwU UvIqv‡ii DbœwZ †Kv‡Yi bvg µgk Kg‡Z _vK‡j iii. 30 †KvY A¼‡bi †ÿ‡Î f‚wg  j¤^ n‡e
Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ Kxiƒc n‡e? (mnR)
K GKB _vK‡e L K‡g hv‡e
 †e‡o hv‡e N Qvqv _vK‡e bv
40. b`xi Zx‡i †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi Aci cÖv‡šÍi 120 wgUvi Mv‡Qi 47. †KvY A¼‡bi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
DbœwZ †KvY 60 n‡j b`xi cÖ¯’ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g) i. 30 n‡j f‚wg  j¤^ n‡e
120 60 ii. 45 n‡j f‚wg = j¤^ n‡e
K 120 3 L 60 3  N
3
A
3 iii. 60 n‡j f‚wg  j¤^ n‡e
AB
e¨vL¨v : tan 60 = BC wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
Mv‡Qi D”PZv 120 wgUvi K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ev, Be = tan 60 48. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
120 60 P A
= 45
3 b`xi cÖ¯ ’
C
41. GKwU Mv‡Q ˆ`N©¨ I Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ 1 : 3 n‡j m~‡h©i AebwZ 45
†KvY KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g) C B
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90 i. A Gi DbœwZ †KvY C = 45
A
AB
e¨vL¨v : ABC-G tan = BC ii. PAC n‡jv AebwZ †KvY
1 iii. BC = 8 †m.wg. n‡j AB = 4 †m.wg.
ev, tan = , ev, tan
3
= tan 30 
 = 30 C 3 B 49. P
42. GKwU wgbv‡i m~‡h©i Av‡jv co‡j wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k n‡Z 2

wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ 45 DbœwZ †KvY ˆZwi K‡i| †ÌqvjwUi D”PZv A O B
KZ? (ga¨g)
2 L3 M4 N5 Q
43. GKwU wgbvi †f‡O, fvOv Ask f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ wPÎvbymv‡iÑ
K‡i| wgbv‡ii fvOv As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ 16 wgUvi n‡j, `Êvqgvb i. P we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY POB
As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (KwVb)
ii. O we›`y‡Z Q we›`yi AebwZ †KvY QOA
8 L8 3 M 12 N 16
iii. POQ n‡jv f‚-†iLv
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, `Êvqgvb As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ = AC C
1 †m. wg.
Avgiv cvB, sin30 = 16  2 wg. = 8 wg. 16
30 50. GKwU LuywU P we›`y‡Z †f‡O gvwU †_‡K 45 DbœwZ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
A B
M
3
44. wP‡Î BC = 25 †m.wg. I AB = 25 †m.wg. n‡j  Gi gvb P
KZ? (mnR)
A
Q 45
R
†m. wg.
i. PR = PQ ii. PQ = QR
iii. MP = PR
25

B †m. wg. C
25
51. cv‡ki wP‡ÎÑ
 30 L 45 M 60 N 90
45. wP‡Îi BC = 1 †m.wg. Ges AC = 2 †m.wg. n‡j Q Gi gvb
KZ? (mnR)
i. BOA n‡jv DbœwZ †KvY C
45 GKwU b`xi Zx‡i GK ¯’v‡b ùvwo‡q GKRb †jvK †`Lj †h, wVK
A
ii. OAC n‡jv AebwZ †KvY †mvRvmywR 30 wgUvi we¯Ívi wewkó b`xi Aci Zx‡i Aew¯’Z GKwU
iii. OB Djø¤^ †KvY ¯Í‡¤¢i DbœwZ †KvY 60|
O
45
B
58. ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb m~ÎwU mwVK? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) j¤^ f~wg
K sin = L cos =
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii AwZfzR AwZfzR
52. wPÎvbymv‡iÑ j¤^ AwZfzR
A  tan = N cosec =
i. AB > BC f~wg j¤^
ii. AB = BC
iii. AC > BC 59. ¯Í¤¢ w Ui D”PZv KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 45  30 3 wgUvi L 25 5 wgUvi
C B
M 36 7 wgUvi N 48 2 wgUvi
60. f‚wgi mgZ‡j AviI 21 wgUvi `~‡i Aew¯’Z GK e¨w³
53. GLv‡b AB GKwU UvIqvi Ges  DbœwZ †KvY n‡jÑ
¯Í‡¤¢i mv‡_ 30 †KvY ˆZwi Ki‡j e¨w³ I ¯Í‡¤¢i kxl©we›`yi
i.  µgk Kg‡Z _vK‡j BC Gi A
`~iZ¡ KZ wgUvi? (KwVb)
ˆ`N©¨ evo‡Z _vK‡e
K 27 2  34 3
ii. BC µgk Kg‡Z _vK‡j  Gi gvb
M 41 5 N 57
evo‡Z _vK‡e C

B wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 61 - 63 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii.  = 45 n‡j BC = AB n‡e
GKwU LyuwU f‚wg‡Z 12 wgUvi `xN© Qvqv ˆZwi K‡i Ges f‚wgi mv‡_
60 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
61. LyuwUwUi D”PZv KZ? (ga¨g)
54. wP‡Î-
K 5 7 wgUvi L 18 wgUvi
i. AC = 20 3 wgUvi
A
 12 3 wgUvi N 15 2 wgUvi
ii. AB = 20 3 wgUvi 30
62. LyuwUwU f‚wg‡Z KZ `~i‡Z¡ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i? (ga¨g)
iii. AC = 40 wgUvi
K 7 wgUvi  12 wgUvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) B 20 m C
M 13 wgUvi N 14 2 wgUvi
63. hw` LyuwUwU AviI 8 wgUvi `~‡i 45 †KvY K‡i Qvqv Drcbœ
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K‡i Z‡e LyuwUi kxl©we›`y I Qvqvi `~iZ¡ KZ n‡e? (KwVb)
K 18 wgUvi  20 2 wgUvi
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 55 - 57 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
C M 22 3 wgUvi N 24 3 wgUvi
A wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 64 - 66 bs cÖ
‡kœi DËi `vI :
60 A 30 D
h 20
B 10
D
55. AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
20 10 B C
K 20 3  M 10 3 N N‡ii D”PZv AB = h wgUvi nq Z‡e N‡ii kxl©we›`y A †_‡K 20
3 3
wgUvi `~‡i C we›`yi AebwZ DAC = 30
e¨vL¨v : wPÎ †_‡K cvB, AC = AD, ADB = 30 64. ACB = KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR)
BD
 cos30 = AD K 25  30 M 45 N 60
3 10
65. NiwUi D”PZv KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
ev, 2 = AC K 10 3  10 M5 2 N5 3
h 1
ev, 3 AC = 20 e¨vL¨v : sin30 = 20 ev, 20  sin30 = 20  2 = 10
20
 AC = 66. BC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
3
K 17  17.32 M 18 N 18.32
56. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
BC 3
10 e¨vL¨v : 20 = cos30 ev, BC = 20. 2 = 17.32
K 20 L 20 3 M 10 3 
3 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 67 - 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
AB A
e¨vL¨v : tan30 = BD
1 AB 10
ev, =  AB =
3 10 3 h
57. 36 wgUvi j¤^v Mv‡Qi x `~i‡Z¡ DbœwZ †KvY 30, x-Gi gvb
†KvbwU? (ga¨g) 30
60
36 D 25 C x B
K 36 wg.  36 3 wg. M 36 2 wg. N wg. 67. BD Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (mnR)
3
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 58 - 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 25 − x  25 + x M 25x N
25
x
68. ACB mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿ‡Î x †K h Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk h
= x ev, x =
h
=
h
Ki? (ga¨g) tan60 3
3 69. AB = 21.651 wgUvi n‡j x Gi `~iZ¡ KZ wgUvi? (mnR)
K L 3h K 10.50 L 12
h
3 h  12.50 N 13.75
M 
h 3
h
e¨vL¨v : tanACB = x ev, tan60

70. A 73. D A
10 wg. 60
30 90
C B
B C
wP‡Î AB Gi gvb KZ wgUvi? A we›`y‡Z B we›`yi AebwZ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ?
5 L2 M4 N8
71. A K 90 L 60 M 45  30
A
30 D
B C
30 wgUvi 60 20 wg.
wPÎ Abyhvqx AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
K 60 L 45 M 30  34.64 B C
72. wP‡Î AD = 2 †m.wg. n‡j BD Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 74 I 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A 74. Mv‡Qi D”PZv AC Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 10 L 30 M 40  60
75. BC Gi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
45 30 3 20
B D C K L M 3 20  20 3
20 3
2 L4 M5 N6

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi OP1
ii. OM
76. P1M1
iii. OM
P 1
25 Ki L ii  iii N i, ii I iii
78.
45 30 A
M
Q R
i. QR = 25 wgUvi
ii. QM = 43.30 wgUvi (cÖvq)
60 30
iii. QM – QR = 18.30 wgUvi (cÖvq) B C
D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) i. AC2 = AB2 + BC2

K i I ii L ii I iii Mi I iii  i, ii I iii ii. AD = AB2 + BD2
77. iii. BC = AB2 – BD2
P1
Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
P  i I ii L ii I iii
M i I iii N i, ii I iii
 X
O
M M1
cÖ`Ë wPÎvbyhvqx Ñ
OP
i. OM1
20 10
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 20 3 L 10 3 
3
N
3
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 79 - 81 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 80. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
D A 10
 L 10 3 M 20 N 20 3
3
15 60 81. AC I AB Gi AbycvZ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 1:2  2:1 M 1:1 N 1:3
B C
79. AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)

œ 1  GKwU UvIqv‡ii cv`we›`y †_‡K wKQz `~‡i f‚Zj¯’ GKwU M UvIqv‡ii kxl©we›`y A Ges f‚Zj¯’ cÖ_g we›`ywU n‡jv C
cÖk-
we›`y‡Z UvIqv‡ii kx‡l©i DbœwZ †KvY 30| H we›`y †_‡K UvIqv‡ii G‡ì gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ n‡jv AC
ÔKÕ Gi wP‡Î, wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
w`‡K 20 wgUvi GwM‡q Avm‡j UvIqv‡ii DbœwZ †KvY 60 nq| AC2 = AB2 + BC2
K. Z_¨ Abyhvqx wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2 GLv‡b, AB = h = 10 3 wgUvi
L. UvIqv‡ii D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4 BC = BD + CD = x(10 + 20) = 30 wgUvi
M. UvIqv‡ii kxl©we›`y I f‚Zj¯’ cÖ_g we›`ywUi `~iZ¡  AC2 = (10 3)2 + (30)2
= 300 + 900 = 1200
wbY©q Ki| 4 AC = 34.64 wgUvi
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  UvIqv‡ii kxl©we›`y I f‚Zj¯’ cÖ_g we›`ywUi `~iZ¡ 34.64 wgUvi| (Ans.)
K cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbyhvqx wb‡P wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv : œ 2  GKwU ê`y¨wZK LuywU S‡o Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †h, fvOv
cÖk-
A Ask `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ 60 †KvY K‡i LuywUi †Mvov †_‡K 24 wg.
`~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i|
K. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU AuvK I e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
h L. LuywUwU KZ D”PZvq †f‡OwQj Zv †ei Ki| 4
M. m¤ú~Y© Luwy Ui ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
60 30  2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
B D C
wP‡Î AB GKwU UvIqvi hvi D”PZv h, UvIqv‡ii cv`‡`k B K DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbymv‡iCwPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv :
we›`y †_‡K wKQzUv `~‡i C we›`y‡Z UvIqv‡ii DbœwZ †KvY 30|
C we›`y †_‡K UvIqv w`‡K 20 wgUvi mvg‡b D we›`y‡Z B
UvIqv‡ii kx‡l©i DbœwZ †KvY 60| h
L ÔKÕ G DwjøwLZ wPÎvbymv‡i,

AB = h wg. A 24 wg. D
g‡b Kwi, BD = x wg. wP‡Î AC n‡jv ê`y¨wZK LuywU hvi D”PZv h. AC Gi B we›`y‡Z
BC = BD + CD
LuywUwU Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †h, fvOv Ask `Êvqgvb As‡ki
= (x + 20) wg. mv‡_ 60 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| A_©vr ABD = 60| DÏxc‡Ki
AB Z_¨vbymv‡i, BC = BD Ges AD = 24 wgUvi|
GLb, ABD-G tan60 = BD L ÔKÕ Gi wPÎvbymv‡i, ABD-G
h AD
ev, 3 = x tan60 = AB
 h = 3x ev,
24
3 = AB
AB
Avevi, ABC-G tan30 = BC 24
ev, AB =
1 h 3
ev, = x + 20
3  AB = 13.856 wgUvi
ev, x + 20 = 3h A_©vr, LuywUwU f‚wg †_‡K 13.856 wgUvi D”PZvq †f‡OwQj| (Ans.)
ev, x + 20 = ( 3x) M ÔKÕ Gi wPÎvbymv‡i, m¤ú~Y© LuywUi ˆ`N©¨ AC = AB + BC
ev, x + 20 = 3x Avevi, BC = BD
ev, 2x = 20
ev, x = 10 A_©vr AC = AB + BD
 h = 3  10 = 10 3 wgUvi (Ans.)
GLb, ABD-G sin60 = BD
AD GLv‡b, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Y BD I DC Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
AB = (13856 + 2771) wgUvi = 41566 wgUvi
3 24  mycvwi MvQwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ 41566 wgUvi| (Ans.)
ev, 2 = BD
24  2 M ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ Abymv‡i, BD = BE + ED ----------(iii)
ev, BD = BE
3 GLb,  BEF −G sin 60 = EF
ev, BD = 27.712
3 BE
Avevi, h = AC = AB + BD = 13.856 + 27.712 = 41.568 ev, 2 = EF
 m¤ú~Y© LuywUi ˆ`N©¨ 41.568| (Ans.) 3  EF 38
cÖk-œ 3  GKwU mycvwi MvQ S‡o Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †hb fvOv Ask ev, BE = 2 = 2 = 4 3
`Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ 60 †KvY K‡i Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K 24 wgUvi Avevi, ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, BD = 13865
`~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i| 8 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU gB f‚wgi mv‡_ 60 †KvY BE I BD Gi gvb (iii) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
K‡i Mv‡Qi `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ †Vm †Ìqv n‡jv| 13856 = 4 3 + ED
K. Z_¨¸‡jv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 ev, ED = 13856 − 4 3 = 693 (cÖvq) (Ans.)
L. mycvwi MvQwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 cÖk-œ 4  GKwU MvQ S‡o †f‡O wM‡q m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ bv n‡q f‚wgi
M. gB mycvwi Mv‡Qi `Êvqgvb As‡ki †h we›`y‡Z †Vm mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i‡Q Ges 15 wgUvi D”PZvq
†Ìqv Av‡Q Zvi Dc‡ii `Êvqgvb As‡ki ˆ`N©¨
†f‡O‡Q|
wbY©q Ki| 4
K. mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎwU AuvK| 2
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. m¤ú~Y© MvQwUi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
K M. fvOv Ask hw` `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ 30 †KvY
A Drcbœ KiZ †m‡ÿ‡Î fvOv As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
D
E 60
K.
8 A
B
60 x wgUvi
F C
24 m D
cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i Dc‡ii wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv|
GLv‡b, AB n‡jv m¤ú~Y© mycvwi Mv‡Qi ˆ`N©¨| MvQwU S‡o D 15 wgUvi
we›`y‡Z †f‡O wM‡q f‚wgi C we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i| DÏxcK 30
B
Abymv‡i BC = 24 wgUvi Ges BDE = 60| C
Avevi, BD As‡ki mv‡_ 8 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU gB Ggbfv‡e MvQwUi m¤ú~ Y © ˆ`N© ¨ AB| Bnv 15 wgUvi D”PZvq †f‡O f‚wgi
†Vm †Ìqv n‡jv †hb Zv f‚wgi mv‡_ 60 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| mv‡_ BCD = 30 Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
DÏxcK Abymv‡i EF = 8 wgUvi Ges BFE = 60| L. ÔKÕ Gi wPÎvbyhvqx BD = 15 wgUvi
L ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ Abymv‡i, AB = BD + AD. --------(i) g‡b Kwi, AD = x wgUvi = CD Ges BCD = 30
Avevi, AD = DC BD
GLb, sin BCD = CD
(i) bs G AD Gi gvb ewm‡q,
15
 AB = BD + DE --------(ii) ev, sin30 = x
GLb, BDC−G 1 15
BC ev, 2 = x
tan 60 = BD
 x = 30
BC
ev, 3 = BD  MvQwUi m¤c~Y© ˆ`N©¨ = (x + BD) wgUvi
24 = (30 + 15) wgUvi
ev. BD = = 13856
3 = 45 wgUvi
BC
Avevi, BDC−G sin 60 = DC M. hw` 45 wgUvi j¤^v MvQwUi fvOv Ask `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_
3 BC 30 †KvY Drcbœ KiZ|
ev, 2 = DC †m‡ÿ‡Î, AB = 45 wgUvi, BDC = 30
2 BC
ev, DC =
3
48
= = 2771
3
awi, BD = h wgUvi A
cÖkœ-5  iwk` mv‡n‡ei evwoi Qv‡` GKwU UvIqvi Aew¯’Z hvi
 AD = (45 – h) wgUvi = CD D”PZv f‚wg n‡Z 60 wgUvi Ges evwoi mvg‡b GKwU †è`viæ MvQ
BD Av‡Q| UvIqv‡ii kxl© n‡Z †è`viæ Mv‡Qi kxl© I cv`‡`‡ki AebwZ
GLb, cosBDC = CD †KvY h_vµ‡g 30 I 60| UvIqv‡ii kxl© iwk w`‡q AvUwK‡q
h †è`viæ Mv‡Qi cv`‡`k ch©šÍ Uvbv w`‡Z †gvU 60 wgUvi iwk jv‡M
ev, cos30 = 45 – h D Ges iwk w`‡q †è`viæ MvQwU cu¨vPv‡j 10wU cu¨vP nq|
3 h K. UvIqvi I †è`viæ Mv‡Qi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 2
ev, 2 = 45 – h 30
L. †è`viæ Mv‡Qi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 2h = 45 3 – 3h M. †è`viæ Mv‡Qi cÖwZwU cu¨vP mgvb n‡j cÖwZ cu¨v‡Pi
Ave× As‡ki †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 2h + 3h = 45 3
C B
ev, h, (2 + 3) = 45 3  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
45 3 45 3(2 – 3) AB
ev, h= = K. tan60= BD
2 + 3 (2 + 3 (2 – 3))
60 A E
90 3 – 135 ev, 3 = BD
30
= 4–3 60
60 60 3
= 90 3 – 135 = 155.885 – 135 ev, BD = 3 F
30 C
 h = 20.885 60 wg.
 BD = 20 3
 fvOv As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ n‡e (45 – 20.885) wgUvi
= 24.12 wgUvi (cÖvq)
B 60 D
AF
L. GLb, ACF–G tan ACF = CF
AF
ev, tan30 = CF
1 AF
ev, = [ CF = BD]
3 20 3
 AF = 2
 BF = CD = (60 – 20) wgUvi = 40 wgUvi
M. 10wU cu¨v‡Pi ˆ`N©¨ 60 wgUvi
60
 cÖwZwU cu¨v‡Pi ˆ`N©¨ 10 = 6 wgUvi
g‡b Kwi, cÖwZwU cu¨v‡Pi e¨vmva© r wgUvi
 cÖwZwU cu¨v‡Pi cwiwa 2πr wgUvi
cÖkœg‡Z, 2πr = 6
6
ev, r = 2
 r = 0.955 wgUvi (cÖvq)
 cÖwZwU cu¨v‡Pi Ave× As‡ki †ÿÎdj = πr2 eM©wgUvi
= 3.1416 × (0.955)2 eM©wgUvi
= 2.865 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)

œ 6
cÖk- K. A
A 60
60
60
D C
60 20 wg. B
D C
20 wg. B AB MvQwUi †Mvov †_‡K BD = 20 wgUvi `~‡i D we›`y‡Z
Dc‡ii wP‡Î AB GKwU MvQ| MvQwUi kxl© we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY ADB = 60| D we›`yi
K. wPÎwUi eY©bv `vI| 2 wecixZ cv‡k C we›`y Ges BAC = 60| Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K
L. MvQwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4 C we›`yi `~iZ¡ BC, D, B, C GKB mij‡iLvq Aew¯’Z|
M. MvQwUi cv`‡`k †_‡K f‚Zj¯’ C we›`yi `~iZ¡ wbY©q L.
Ki| 4
A  CAE = ACB = 60 [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
60 AB
GLb, ABC †_‡K cvB, sin ACB = AC
h AB 3 AB
ev, sin60 = 36 ev, 2 = 36
60 36 3
ev, 2AB = 36 3 ev, AB = 2
D 20 wgUvi B x C
g‡b Kwi, MvQwUi D”PZv AB = h wgUvi| MvQwUi cv`‡`k  AB = 31.177 (cÖvq)
†_‡K BD = 20 wgUvi `~‡i f‚Zj¯’ D we›`y‡Z MvQwUi kxl© A  AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ 31.177 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
we›`yi DbœwZ ADB = 60| M. ABC †_‡K cvB, cos ACB = AC BC
AB
mg‡KvYx ADB †_‡K cvB, tan ADB = BD BC
ev, cos60 = 36
h
ev, tan60 = 20 1 BC 1
h
ev, 2 = 36 [  cos60 = 2 ]
ev, 3 = 20 36
ev, 2BC = 36 ev, BC = 2
 h = 34.64 wgUvi (cÖvq)
wb‡Y©q MvQwUi D”PZv 34.64 wgUvi (cÖvq)|  BC = 18
M. g‡b Kwi, Mv‡Qi †Mvov †_‡K f‚Zj¯’ we›`ywUi `~iZ¡ BC = x Ges ABD †_‡K cvB, tan  ADB = BD
AB
wgUvi, Mv‡Qi D”PZv AB = 34.64 wgUvi|
AB
mg‡KvYx ABC G B = 90, A = 60 ev, tan 30 = BD
 C = 180 − (A + B) 1 36 3 1
[ wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó `yB mg‡KvY] ev, = [  tan 30 = Ges AB = 362 3]
3 2BD 3
= 180 − (60 + 90) = 180 −150
 C = 30
ev, 2BD = 36 3  3
 C we›`y‡Z MvQwUi kxl© we›`yi DbœwZ ACB = 30
ev, 2BD = 108
ABC †_‡K cvB,  BD = 54
AB  CD = BC + BD = 18 + 54 = 72 wgUvi| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
tanACB = BC
œ 8  `yBwU gvBj †cv‡÷i gaëZ©x †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi Dc‡i GKwU
cÖk-
34.64 †ejyb Do‡Q| †ejy‡bi ¯’v‡b H gvBj †cv‡÷ `yBwUi AebwZ †KvY
ev, tan30 = x
h_vµ‡g 30 I 60|
1 34.64
ev, = x K. mswÿß eY©bvmn AvbycvwZK wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
3
L. †ejybwUi D”PZv wgUv‡i wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, x = 34.64  3 = 60 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
M. †h gvBj †cv‡÷ †ejybwU †_‡K AebwZ †KvY 60,
 MvQwUi †Mvov †_‡K f‚Zj¯’ we›`ywUi `~iZ¡ 60 wgUvi H gvBj †cv÷ †_‡K †ejy‡bi mivmwi `~iZ¡ wgUv‡i
(cÖvq)| wbY©q Ki| 4
(Ans.)
œ 7
A
E K. F
A
E
60 60 30
36 wgUvi
30
h wgUvi
D C 60
B C D
wPÎwU jÿ Ki : x wgUvi B (1610 − x wgUvi)
K. wPÎwUi eY©bv `vI| g‡b Kwi, †ejy‡bi D”PZv AB = h wgUvi Ges A we›`y‡Z gvBj
2
L. AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| †cv÷ C Ges gvBj †cv÷ D Gi AebwZ h_vµ‡g CAF =
4
M. †`LvI †h, CD Gi ˆ`N©¨ 72 wgUvi| 60 Ges DAE = 30|
4
L. gvBj †cv÷Ø‡qi ga¨Kvi `~iZ¡ CD = 1 gvBj
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 1.61 wK.wg. (cÖvq)
K. wP‡Î A we›`y‡Z C we›`yi AebwZ CAE = 60 Ges D = 1610.00 wgUvi

we›`y‡Z A we›`yi DbœwZ ADB = 30 , AC = 36 wgUvi Ges awi, BC = x wgUvi|
D, B, C GKB mij †iLvq Aew¯’Z| AZGe, BD = CD − BC = (1610 − x) wgUvi|
L. A GLv‡b, CAF = ACB = 60 [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
E
60 Ges DAE = ADB = 30 [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
AB
36 wgUvi ABC †_‡K cvB, tan ACB = BC
30
D C h h
B ev, tan60 = x ev, 3 = x [ tan60 = 3]
†Ìqv Av‡Q, CAE = 60, ADB = 30 Ges AC = 36 wgUvi
h 1610 3
x= ...................... (i) ev, h =
3 4
AB  h = 697.15 (cÖvq)
Avevi, ABD †_‡K cvB, tan ADB = BD
h
 †ejy‡bi D”PZv 697.15 wgUvi (cÖvq)| (Ans.)
ev, tan30 = 1610 − x M. †h gvBj †cv‡÷ †ejybwU †_‡K AebwZ †KvY 60 H gvBj
†cv÷ †_‡K †ejy‡bi mivmwi `~iZ¡ = AC wgUvi|
ev,
1
=
h
 tan30 = 1 
3 1610 − x  3 ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB †ejybwUi D”PZv, AB = 69715 wgUvi (cÖvq)
ev, 3h = 1610 − x Zvn‡j, ABC †_‡K sin ACB = AC
AB
h
ev, 3h = 1610 − [(i) bs mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨] 697.15
3 ev, sin60 = AC
h
ev, 3h + = 1610 3 697.15
3 ev, 2 = AC
3h + h
ev, = 1610 1394.3
3  AC = = 804.99 = 805 (cÖvq)
4h 3
ev, = 1610
3 60 AebwZ †Kv‡Yi gvBj †cv÷ n‡Z †ejybwU 805 wgUvi
ev, 4h = 1610 3 (cÖvq) `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z|

œ 9  mgf‚wg‡Z `yBwU Lywu U Aew¯’Z| LyuwU `yBwUi P‚ov n‡Z L. g‡b Kwi, eo LyuwUi D”PZv = P1 wgUvi (BN = P1)
cÖk-
f‚wgi DbœwZ †KvY 40, †QvU LyuwU n‡Z x we›`yi `~iZ¡ 8 wgUvi Ges GLv‡bI LyuwUwU f‚wgi mv‡_ 40 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
j¤^
LyuwU `ywUi P‚ovi `~iZ¡ 20 wgUvi| (tan40 = 0.83 Ges sin40 = Avgiv Rvwb, sin = AwZfzR
0.64)
BN
B ev, sin 40 = BX
P1
ev, 0.64 = (20 + AX) ..............(i)
A Avevi, AX2 = AM2 + MX2
ev, AX2 = (6.71)2 + (8)2
ev, AX2 = 109.02
 AX = 10.44
40 GLb AX Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G emv‡j cvB,
X P1
M N ev, 0.64 =
K. †QvU LyuwUwUi D”PZv KZ? (`yB `kwgK Ni ch©šÍ) 2 20 + 10.44
ev, P1 = 0.64  30.44
L. eo LyuwUwUi D”PZv KZ? (`yB `kwgK Ni ch©šÍ) 4
 P1 = 19.48
M. LyuwU `yBwUi Avbyf‚wgK `~iZ¡ Ges D”PZvi AbycvZ  eo LyuwUwUi D”PZv 19.48 wgUvi|
wbY©q Ki (`yB `kwgK Ni ch©šÍ)| 4 j¤^
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. Avgiv Rvwb, tan = f‚wg
BN P1
K. g‡b Kwi, †QvU LyuwUwUi D”PZv = P wgUvi (AM = P) ev, tan 40 = XN = XN
†Ìqv Av‡Q, LyuwUwU f‚wgi mv‡_ 40 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| 19.48
ev, 0.83 = (XM + MN)
j¤^
Avgiv Rvwb, tan = f~wg 19.48
ev, 0.83 = 8 + Q [g‡b Kwi, MN = Q]
AM
ev, tan 40 = XM ev (8 + Q)  0.83 = 19.48
P Q = 15.21
ev, 0.83 = 8 [†h‡nZz †QvU LyuwU n‡Z X we›`yi `~iZ¡ 8 wgUvi]  LyuwU `ywUi Avbyf‚wgK `~iZ¡ n‡jv 15.21 wgUvi|
ev, P = 8  0.83 Zvn‡j LyuwU `ywUi `~i‡Z¡i AbycvZ = †QvU LyuwUi D”PZv : eo
 P = 6.71 LyuwUi D”PZv = 6.71 : 19.48 = 1 : 3
 eo LyuwUi ˆ`N©¨ †QvU LyuwUi ˆ`‡N©ï †P‡q cÖvq 3 ¸Y †ewk|
 †QvU LyuwUi D”PZv n‡jv 6.71 wgUvi (`yB `kwgK Ni
ch©šÍ)|
œ 10  GKwU N‡ii Qv‡ì †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z H we›`y †_‡K
cÖk- K. g‡b Kwi, A we›`y `vjv‡bi Qv‡ì Ae¯’vb Ges AB `vjv‡bi
20
wgUvi `~‡ii f‚Zj¯’ GKwU we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 30| D”PZv, C we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 45| C we›`y †_‡K `vjv‡bi
w`‡K D we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 60| GLv‡b CD = 60 wgUvi
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎ A¼b K‡i mswÿß eY©bv wPÎ n‡Z, ABD G, f‚wg A
`vI| 2 j¤^ AB
L. NiwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4 tan60 =
f~wg = BD
M. f‚Zj¯’ †h we›`y‡Z AebwZ †KvY 30, H we›`ywU AB
ev, 3 = BD
NiwU †_‡K KZ `~‡i? 4
AB
 10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   BD = 45 60
3
C 60 wg. D B
K. D
30
A AB
 `vjv‡bi cv`we›`y n‡Z 60 †Kv‡Y m„ó we›`yi `~iZ¡ |
3
20 wgUvi L. KÕ Gi wPÎ n‡Z, ABC G,
h wgUvi
AB
tan45 = BC
30
C B AB
g‡b Kwi, N‡ii D”PZv AB = h wgUvi, f‚Zj¯’ C we›`yi ev, 1 = BD + CD [†h‡nZz BC = BD + CD]
AebwZ CAD = 30 Ges AC = 20 wgUvi| AB AB
ev, 1 = AB [†h‡nZz BD = Ges CD = 60 wgUvi]
 GKvšÍi CAD = GKvšÍi ACB =30 + 60 3
3
[ DA BC Ges AC †Q`K ] AB
AB ev, + 60 = AB
L. ABC †_‡K cvB, sin ACB = AC 3
AB
h ev, AB – = 60
ev, sin30 = 20 3
ev, AB 1 –  = 60
1
1 h
ev, 2 = 20 [ sin30 = 2 ]
1  3
ev, AB 
3 – 1
ev, 2h = 20  3 
= 60
20
ev, h = 2 60  3 60  3( 3 + 1)
ev, AB = =
( 3 – 1) ( 3 –1)( 3 + 1)
 h = 10
[je I ni‡K ( 3 +1) Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
N‡ii D”PZv 10 wgUvi|
60(3 + 3) 60(3 + 3)
M. f‚Zj¯’ †h we›`y‡Z AebwZ †KvY 30 H we›`y (C) †_‡K Ni = 3–1 = 2
AB ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ = BC wgUvi| ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB N‡ii D”PZv, = 30(3 + 3 ) = 90 + 30 3 = 90 + 30  1.732
AB = 10 wgUvi|  AB = 141.96 wgUvi
tan ACB = BC
AB wb‡Y©q `vjvbwUi D”PZv 141.96 wgUvi|
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K `vjv‡bi D”PZv AB = 141.96 wgUvi
10 `vjv‡bi mg D”PZvi GKwU †`qvj F we›`y‡Z †f‡O wew”Qbœ bv
ev, tan30 = BC
1 10
n‡q E we›`y‡Z f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q|
ev, = BC myZivs BF D”PZvq †`qvjwU †f‡OwQj
3
GLv‡b, EF = AF = AB – BF
 BC = 17321
= (141.96 – BF) wgUvi
 f‚Zj¯’ †h we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 30, H we›`y †_‡K NiwU GLb, BEF-G
17.32 wg. `~‡i| j¤^ BF
sin30 =
œ 11  f‚Zj¯’ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b GKwU `vjv‡bi Qv‡ì †Kv‡bv
cÖk- AwZfzR = EF
1 BF A
we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 45| H ¯’vb †_‡K `vjv‡bi w`‡K 60 wgUvi ev, 2 =
141.96 – BF
GwM‡q †M‡j H we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 60 nq| ev, 2BF = 141.96 – BF
F
K. `vjv‡bi D”PZv AB wgUvi n‡j `vjv‡bi cv`we›`y ev, 2BF + BF = 141.96
n‡Z 60 †Kv‡Y m„ó we›`yi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, 3BF = 141.96
L. `vjv‡bi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4 141.96
ev, BF = 3 E
30
B
M. `vjv‡bi mg D”PZvi GKwU †`qvj †f‡O wM‡q
 BF = 47.32 wgUvi
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wew”Qbœ bv n‡q f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY
†`qvjwU 47.32 wgUvi DuPz‡Z †f‡OwQj|
Drcbœ K‡i, †`qvjwU KZ DuPz‡Z †f‡OwQj? 4
œ 12 
cÖk-
A 3h − h
ev, = 60
3
ev, h ( 3 − 1) = 60 3
60 3 60  1.732 103·92
ev, h= = = = 141·967
C
45 60
B 3 − 1 (1.732 − 1) 0·732
60 wg. D
wP‡Î C we›`y n‡Z D we›`yi w`‡K GwM‡q †M‡j DbœwZ †KvY 45  D”PZv 141·967 wg.|
M. BC †K E ch©šÍ ewa©Z Kwi| A, A
†_‡K 60 nq|
E †hvM Kwi| awi, AEC =30
K. DbœwZ †KvY Kv‡K e‡j? 2
Ges EC = y wgUvi| BE = BC +
L. AB Gi D”PZv KZ? 4 EC. 30 45
E B
M. C we›`y †_‡K KZ wgUvi wcwQ‡q †M‡j DbœwZ †KvY y C
30 n‡e? 4 hv ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß h = BC = 141·967 wg.
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb AEB †_‡K cvB,
AB AB
K. f‚Z‡ji Dc‡ii †Kv‡bv we›`yi f‚wgi mgvšÍivj †iLvi mv‡_ †h tan AEB = BE = BC + EC
†KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K DbœwZ †KvY ejv nq| 141·967
ev, tan30 = 141·967 + y
P P
ev,
1
=
141·967
 tan30 = 1 
3 141·967 + y  3
X X
O ev, 141·967 + y = 141·967  3
g‡b Kwi, f‚-†iLvi mgvšÍivj †iLv XOX wP‡Î O, P, X ev, y = 245·894 − 141·967
we›`y¸‡jv GKB Djø¤^ Z‡j Aew¯’Z Ges P we›`y XOX  y = 103·927
†iLvi Dc‡ii w`‡K Aew¯’Z| Zvn‡j O we›`y‡Z P we›`yi myZivs 103·927 wgUvi †cQ‡b|
DbœwZ †KvY n‡”Q POX Abyiƒcfv‡e P we›`y‡Z DbœwZ †KvY
POX| cÖk- œ 13  GKwU j¤^v MvQ ga¨v‡ý Zvi cv`‡`k †_‡K 30 wgUvi
`~ ‡ i Qvqv m„wó K‡i 60 DbœwZ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| Ges weKv‡j Qvqv
L. A
†e‡o wM‡q DbœwZ †KvY 45 nq| MvQwU S‡o †f‡O wM‡q m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
wew”Qbœ bv n‡q f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
h
K. MvQwUi D”PZv KZ? 2

L. 45 †KvY m„wóKv‡j MvQwUi Qvqv KZUzKz e„w× cvq?
45 60
C B G‡¶‡Î Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 4
60 wg. D  x →
g‡b Kwi, AB Gi D”PZv = h wgUvi, wPÎ n‡Z kx‡l©i DbœwZ M. MvQwU KZ DuPz‡Z †f‡OwQj? 4
†KvY ACB = 45, CD = 60 wgUvi|  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ADB = 60 Ges BD = x
 BC = BD + CD
K. g‡b Kwi, MvQwUi D”PZv = AB
= (x + 60) wgUvi Mv‡Qi cv`‡`k B n‡Z BC = 30 wgUvi A
ABD †_‡K cvB, C we›`y‡Z kxl© A we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY = 60

AB GLb, ABC G
tan ADB = BD
j¤^ AB
tan60 =
ev, tan60 = x
h f~wg = BC 45
D x
60
C 30 wg. B
AB
ev,
h
3 = x [ tan60 = 3 ] ev, 3 = 30
h ev, AB = 30  3
x= .......................... (i)
3  AB = 51·96 wgUvi
Avevi, ABC †_‡K cvB, L. MvQwUi D”PZv AB = 51·96 wgUvi
tan ACB = BC
AB g‡b Kwi, 45 †KvY m„wóKv‡j MvQwUi Qvqv x wgUvi e„w× cvq|
h
Zvn‡j †gvU Qvqv BD = BC + CD = (30 + x) wgUvi
ev, tan45 = x + 60 myZivs ABD G,
h j¤^ AB
ev, 1 = x + 60 [ tan45 = 1] tan 45 =
f~wg = BD
ev, h = x + 60 51·96
h ev, 1 = 30 + x
ev, h = + 60 [ (i) bs mgxKiY n‡Z ]
3 ev, 30 + x = 51·96
h
ev, h − = 60 ev, x = (51·96 – 30) wgUvi
3
 x = 21·96 wgUvi K. Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎ A¼b K‡i mswÿß weeiY `vI| 2
 wPÎ n‡Z, Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ = BD wgUvi L. wgbvi †_‡K H ¯’vbwUi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
= (BC + CD) wgUvi M. wgbviwUi kxl© n‡Z H ¯’vb ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ KZ? 4
= (30 + 21·96) wgUvi  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 51·96 wgUvi K. A
 MvQwUi Qvqv 21·96 wgUvi e„w× cvq Ges Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ 51·96
wgUvi|
A 26 wgUvi
A
(51·96 − BF) wgUvi F B

30
C
x wgUvi
g‡b Kwi, AC wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k C †_‡K ¯’vbwUi `~iZ¡ BC =
F
x wgUvi,
30
E
B
B wgbv‡ii D”PZv AC = 26 wgUvi Ges B we›`y‡Z wgbviwUi
kx‡l©i DbœwZ ABC = 30|
M. ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB MvQwUi ˆ`N©¨ AB = 51·96 wgUvi AC
MvQwU S‡o F we›`y‡Z †f‡O wew”Qbœ bv n‡q fvOv Ask E L. ABC †_‡K cvB, tan ABC = BC
we›`y‡Z f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| 26
ev, tan30 = x
myZivs MvQwU BF D”PZvq †f‡OwQj|
1 26 1
GLv‡b, EF = AF = AB – BF = (51·96 – BF) wgUvi| ev, = x [ tan30 = ]
3 3
GLb, BEFG,
ev, x = 26  3  x = 45.033 (cÖvq)
j¤^ BF
sin30 =  wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K ¯’vbwUi `~iZ¡ 45.033 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
AwZfzR = EF
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K H ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡, BC =
1 BF
ev, 2 = 51·96 – BF [†h‡nZz EF = 51.96 – BF] 45.033 wg. (cÖvq) ev 26 3 wg. I wgbv‡ii kxl© n‡Z H ¯’vb
ev, 2BF = 51·96 – BF ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ = AB wgUvi|
BC
ev, 2BF + BF = 51·96 Zvn‡j, ABC n‡Z cvB, cos ABC = AB
ev, 3BF = 51·96 26 3 3 26 3 3
51·96 ev, cos30 = AB ev, 2 = AB [ cos30 = 2 ]
 BF = 3 = 17·32 wgUvi
26 3  2
 MvQwU 17·32 wgUvi DPz‡u Z †f‡OwQj| ev, AB =  AB = 52
3
œ 14  GKwU wgbv‡ii cv`‡`k †_‡K wKQz `~‡i GKwU ¯’v‡b
cÖk-  wgbviwUi kxl© n‡Z H ¯’vb ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ 52 wgUvi|
wgbviwUi kx‡l© DbœwZ †KvY 30 Ges wgUviwUi D”PZv 26 wgUvi|

œ 15 
cÖk- wgUvi ˆ`N©¨ GKwU gB f‚wgi mv‡_ 45 †KvY Drcbœ
18 ev,
1
=
h
[  sin45 =
1
]
K‡i †Ìqv‡ji Qv` ¯úk© K‡i| 2 18 2
18 18 2
K. wPÎmn Dc‡ii Z‡_ï mswÿß eY©bv `vI| 2 h= = 2 = 12.728
2
L. †ÌqvjwUi D”PZv KZ? 4
M. gBwU †Ìqvj †_‡K KZ `~‡i f‚wg ¯úk© K‡i? 4  †Ìqv‡ji D”PZv 12.728 wgUvi (cÖvq)
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, †ÌqvjwUi D”PZv, AB = 12.728 wg. (cÖvq)
 15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 9 2 wg.
K. B †ÌqvjwU †_‡K gBwUi f‚wgi ¯úk© we›`y ch©šÍ `~iZ¡ = AO wgUvi|
AB
Zvn‡j, ABO n‡Z cvB, tan AOB = AO
18 wgUvi
h
ev, tan45 = 9AO2 ev, 1 = 9AO2 [ tan 45 = 1]
45  AO = 9 2 = 12.728
O A  gBwU †Ìqvj †_‡K 12.728 wg. (cÖvq) `~i‡Z¡ f‚wg ¯úk© K‡i|
g‡b Kwi, Qv‡ì ¯úk©we›`y B Ges †Ìqv‡ji D”PZv AB = h wgUvi|
myZivs gB‡qi ˆ`N©¨, OB = 18 wgUvi Ges AOB = 45| œ 16  wµ‡KU gv‡V bvwmi, gvkivwd I iæ‡ej Ggb Ae¯’vb
cÖk-
L. AOB †_‡K cvB, sin AOB = AB †_‡K wdwìs Ki‡Q †hLv‡b bvwmi gvkivwd †_‡K †mvRv 96 wg.
OB
DË‡i Ges iæ‡ej gvkivwd †_‡K †mvRv 40 wg. c~‡e©| gv‡V bvwmi,
ev, sin45 = AB
OB
gvkivwd Ges iæ‡ej Gi Ae¯’vb‡K h_vµ‡g N, M, R Øviv cÖKvk K. mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ A¼b K‡i AebwZ †KvY
Kiv n‡jv| wPwýZ Ki| 2
K. AvbycvwZK wPÎ Gu‡K bvwmi I iæ‡e‡ji mivmwi L. wgbviwUi D”PZv KZ? 4
`~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 2 M. AebwZ †KvY 60 n‡j, wgbviwUi D”PZv KZ n‡e? 4
L. cos R(tan N + sec R) Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4  17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
4 K. D
sec R + 1 18 A
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, cotN =
sec R − 1 5 45
 16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  15 wgUvi
K. N
45
C B
96 g‡b Kwi, wgbv‡ii kxl©we›`y A| A †_‡K 15 wgUvi `~‡i
f‚Zj¯’ we›`y C| C we›`y‡Z AebwZ †KvY 45 Ges AC = 15
M R wgUvi|
40
wP‡Î bvwm‡ii Ae¯’vb N, gvkivwdi Ae¯’vb M, Ges iæ‡e‡ji Ae¯’vb  CAD = ACB = 45
R
L. awi, AB wgbv‡ii D”PZv = h
AB
MN = 96 wgUvi ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, sin ACB = AC
Ges MR = 40 wgUvi h
NR2 = MN2 + MR2 ev, sin45 = 15
= 962 + 402 = 10816 1 h
 NR = 104
ev, =
2 15
bvwmi I iæ‡e‡ji mivmwi `~iZ¡ 104 wgUvi| 15
ev, h =
L. ÔKÕ Gi wPÎ n‡Z, 2
MR 40 5  h = 10·607
tan N = MN = 96 = 12
 wgbv‡ii D”PZv 10·607 wgUvi|
MR 40 5
cos R = RN = 104 = 13
RN 104 13
sec R = MR = 40 = 5
5 5 13 5 25 + 156
( ) (
 cos R (tan N + sec R) = 13 12 + 5 = 13 60 )
5 181 181 M. GLv‡b, AebwZ †KvY, 60 D A
= 13  60 = 156 (Ans.) 60
 CAD = ACB = 60
M. ÔKÕ-Gi wPÎ n‡Z cÖvß, Ges AC = 15 [ ÔKÕ n‡Z ]
13
sec R = 5
awi, wgbv‡ii D”PZv, AB = h
h 60
MN 96 12 ev, sin60 = 15 C B  sin AC
cot N = MR = 40 = 5
3 h
13 ev, 2 = 15
sec R + 1 12 5 +1 ev, 2h = 15 3
evgcÿ = cot N =
sec R − 1 5 13
5 −1 15 3
ev, h = 2
13 + 5
 h = 12·99
12 5 12 18 5 12 9
= 5  =
13 − 5 5 5 8= 5 4  wgbv‡ii D”PZv 12·99 wgUvi n‡e|
5 œ 18  mv‡n` gvgvi evwo hvIqvi c‡_ jÿ Kij iv¯Ívi av‡i
cÖk-
12 3 18
= 5 2= 5 = Wvbcÿ Lvovfv‡e †cuvZv GKwU ê`y¨wZK LuywUi kxl© we›`y‡Z H we›`y n‡Z 60
wgUvi `~‡ii f‚Zj¯’ GKwU we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 30|
 cot N
sec R + 1 18
= 5 (cÖgvwYZ) K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mswÿß weeiYmn AvbycvwZK
sec R − 1 wPÎ AuvK| 2
cÖk-œ 17  GKwU wgbv‡ii kxl©we›`y‡Z H we›`y †_‡K 15 wgUvi L. LuywUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
M. gvgvi evwo n‡Z †divi c‡_ mv‡n` Avevi jÿ Kij
`~‡ii f‚Zj¯’ GKwU we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 45| LuywUwU S‡o †f‡O wM‡q wew”Qbœ bv n‡q fvOv Ask
iv¯Ívi †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b 30 †KvY K‡i ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|
¯úk©we›`y †_‡K LuywUi `~iZ¡ KZ Zv wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, 3x = 30
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   x = 10 wgUvi
BD = 10 wgUvi
K. g‡b Kwi, LuywUi D”PZv, 30
A
AD = CD = (30 − 10) wgUvi = 20 wgUvi
AB = h wgUvi| LuywUwUi BCD-G wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cvB,
kxl©we›`y A n‡Z 60 wgUvi 60 wgUvi
BC2 + BD2 = CD2
`~‡ii f‚Zj¯’ C we›`yi ev, BD2 = CD2 − BD2
AebwZ †KvY 30| 30
 BD = CD2 − BD2
 AC = 60 wgUvi C B
= 202 − 102
ACB = 30 = 300
L. ABC †_‡K, sinACB = AC
AB = 17321 wgUvi (cÖvq)
h  ¯úk©we›`y †_‡K LuywUi `~iZ¡ 17321 wgUvi (cÖvq)
ev, sin30 = 60 [ÔKÕ †_‡K]
cÖk-œ 19  f‚Zj¯’ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b GKwU `vjv‡bvi Qv‡ì GKwU we›`yi
1 h
ev, 2 = 60 DbœwZ †KvY 60| H ¯’vb †_‡K 42 wgUvi wcwQ‡q †M‡j `vjv‡bi H
 h = 30 wgUvi we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 45 nq|
K. m¤ú~Y© Z_¨¸‡jv GKwU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 2
 LuywUi D”PZv 30 wgUvi| L. `vjv‡bi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
M. g‡b Kwi, AB LuywUwU S‡o D we›`y‡Z †f‡O wM‡q m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ
M. †h we›`y‡Z DbœwZ †KvY 45 `vjvb †_‡K †m we›`yi
bv n‡q fvOv Ask iv¯Ívi †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b C we›`y‡Z 30 †KvY `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
Drcbœ K‡i| ¯úk©we›`y C †_‡K LyuwUi `~iZ¡ BC|
ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß, AB = 30 wgUvi  19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A K.
A
D
wgUvi
30
h
30
C B
awi, BD = x wgUvi
 AD = CD = 30 – x wgUvi
BCD = 30 45 60
D
BD 42 wg. C x wg. B
 BCD †_‡K, sinBCD = CD
L. Abykxjbx-10 Gi 5 bs D`vniY †`L|
x AB
ev, sin30 = 30 − x M. ABC †_‡K, tan 60 BC
ev, 2x = 30 − x h
ev, 3 = x
99.373
ev, x = [ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß h = 99373 wg.]
3
 x = 57373 wgUvi (cÖvq)
 BD = x + 42 = 57373 + 42 = 99373 wgUvi (cÖvq)

œ 20  GKwU b`xi GK Zx‡i †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b ùvwo‡q GKRb
cÖk- Ae¯’vb n‡Z 30 wgUvi m‡i †h‡q A I B we›`y‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i
†jvK †`Lj †h wVK †mvRvmywR Aci Zx‡i Aew¯’Z 105 wgUvi j¤^v †`Lj †h UvIqvi kxl© we›`y‡Z DbœwZ †KvY h_vµ‡g 45 I 60|
GKwU Mv‡Qi kx‡l©i DbœwZ 60| †jvKwU †fjvq K‡i MvQwU‡K jÿ K. mswÿß eY©bvmn Dc‡ii Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU A¼b Ki| 2
K‡i hvÎv ïiæ Kij| wKš‘ †mªv‡Zi Kvi‡Y MvQ †_‡K 40 wgUvi L. UvIqv‡ii D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
`~‡i Zx‡i †cuŠQj|
K. AebwZ †KvY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. kxl© we›`y n‡Z †jvKØq KZ `~i‡Z¡ Ae¯’vb K‡iwQj? 4
L. b`xi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : L. 70·98 wgUvi (cÖvq); M. 100·38 wgUvi (cÖvq)
M. †jvKwUi hvÎv ¯’vb †_‡K MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4 œ 22 
cÖk-
DËi : L. 60·62 wgUvi (cÖvq); M. 72·63 wgUvi (cÖvq)
œ 21  `yBRb †jvK GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z ùvwo‡q GKwU
cÖk-
UvIqvi‡K jÿ Kij| †jvKØq ci¯úi Gi wecixZ w`‡K wbw`©ó
A
œ 25  GKwU 48 wgUvi MvQ S‡o †f‡O wM‡q m¤c~Y©fv‡e wew”Qbœ
cÖk-
bv n‡q f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ Kij|
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎ Gu‡K weeiY `vI| 2
30 45 L. MvQwU KZ Du P z ‡ Z †f‡O wM‡qwQj Zv wbY© q Ki| 4
C B 10 wg. D M. hw` MvQwUi fvOv As‡ki m‡½ 30 †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i Mv‡Qi
Dc‡ii wP‡Î, AB GKwU `vjvb| †Mvov †_‡K x wgUvi `~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i Zvn‡j x Gi gvb
K. wPÎwUi eY©bv `vI| 2 wbY©q Ki| 4
L. AB Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : L. 16 wgUvi; M. 1286 wgUvi|
M. AC evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 4
DËi : L. 10 wg.; M. 20 wg.| œ 26  GKwU wgbv‡ii kxl© we›`y‡Z H we›`y †_‡K 15 wgUvi
cÖk-
œ 23 
cÖk- `~‡ii f‚Zj¯’ GKwU we›`yi AebwZ †KvY 45|
A
E 30 E
K. Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU Gu‡K weeiY `vI| 2
L. wgbviwUi D”PZv KZ? 4
wg.
10
M. AebwZ †KvY 60 n‡j wgbviwUi D”PZv KZ? 4

60
B C D DËi : L. 10607 wgUvi; M. 13 wgUvi|
K. Dc‡ii wPÎ n‡Z, ADC Gi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges BD Gi
gvb †ei Ki| œ 27  24 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU gB gvwUi m‡½ 60 †KvY K‡i
2 cÖk-
L. AD Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 wgbv‡ii kxl©we›`y ¯úk© K‡i‡Q|
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, K. Dc‡iv³ Z_¨wUi wPÎmn eY©bv Ki| 2
ABC-G tan A + cost C =
2
Ges AC = .
20
4 L. wgbv‡ii D”PZv wbY© q Ki| 4
3 3 M. hw` gB‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi Kg nq Z‡e gBwU wgbviwUi kxl©
DËi : K. 30; 17321 wgUvi; L. 20 wg. †_‡K KZ wgUvi wb‡P ¯úk© Ki‡e? 4
œ 24  `vD` cvewjK ¯‹z‡ji `kg †kªwYi QvÎ ZvwiK ¯‹zj
cÖk-
wewìs‡qi mvg‡b ùvwo‡qwQj| H Ae¯’v †_‡K wewìs‡qi Qv‡ì A DËi : L. 2078 wgUvi; M. 478 wgUvi|
we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 30| †m wewìs‡qi w`‡K 50 wgUvi GwM‡q wM‡q cÖk- œ 28  12 wgUvi D”PZvwewkó GKwU Mv‡Qi Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ 4 3.
†`Lj we›`yi DbœwZ †KvY 45| K. mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎwU AuvK| 2
K. Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. ¯‹z‡ji Qv‡ì D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4 L. MvQwUi kxl© w e›`y i Dbœ w Z †KvY KZ? 4
M. ZvwiL Avi GKUz mvg‡b wM‡q †`L‡Z †cj Ae¯’vb †_‡K DbœwZ †KvY M. MvQwUi kxl© w e›`y i Dbœ w Z †KvY KZ n« vm †c‡j Qvqvi ˆ`N© ¨
60| †m Av‡M Ae¯’vb †_‡K KZ`~i GwM‡qwQj Zv wbY©q Ki| 4 8 3| wgUvi e„w× cv‡e? 4
DËi : L. 6830 wgUvi; M. 2486 wgUvi| DËi : L.  = 60; M. 30

œ 29  GKwU LyuwU Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †h, Zvi fvOv Ask
cÖk- BCD n‡Z cvB, tanBCD = BC
BD
`Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i LyuwUi †Mvov †_‡K 10
10
wgUvi `~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i| ev, tan30 = x
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 1 10
L. LyuwUwU KZ D”PZvq †f‡OwQj Ges m¤ú~Y© LyuwUi ˆ`N©¨ ev, =
3 x
wbY©q Ki| 4  x = 10 3 = 17.32 wgUvi (cÖvq)
M. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ †_‡K cÖvß †KvY‡K C we‡ePbv K‡i
2 tanC  LuywUwU 17.32 wgUvi (cÖvq) D”PZvq †f‡OwQj| (Ans.)
cÖgvY Ki †h, sin 2C = 1 + tan2C Ges 3cot22C + BD
Avevi, sinBCD = CD
1
4 cosec C + 5sin C – 4cos C
2 2 2 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 10
ev, sin30 = h – x
K. g‡b Kwi, LyuwUwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ ev, 2 = h – x
AB = h wgUvi Ges BC = x wgUvi
A
ev, h – x = 20 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
D”PZvq †f‡O wM‡q wew”Qbœ bv n‡q C ev, h = 20 + x
fvOv Ask `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_ ev, h = 20 + 10 3 [ x Gi gvb ewm‡q]
BCD = 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i 30 h wgUvi
 h = 37.32 wgUvi (cÖvq)

LyuwUwUi †Mvov †_‡K BD = 10 wgUvi x wgUvi
`~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i|  LyuwUwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ 37.72 wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans.)
D 10 wgUvi B M. cÖ`Ë Z_¨ n‡Z cvB, C = 30
L. GLv‡b, CD = AC = AB – BC = (h – x) wgUvi evgcÿ = sin2C
= sin(2 + 30) [C Gi gvb ewm‡q]
= sin60 Wvbcÿ = 4cos330 – cos330
= 4
3 33 3 4.3 3 3 3
= 2
 2  – 3. 2 = 8 – 2
2tanC 2tan30 3 3 3 3
Wvbcÿ = 1 + tan2C =
1 + tan230
[C Gi gvb ewm‡q] = 2 – 2 =0
1  cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos (cÖgvwYZ)
2. AB
=
3
 tan30 = 1  M. Avgiv Rvwb, ABD G tan = BD
1+   3
1 2
AB
 3 ev, BD =
tan
2 2
10
3 3 2 3 3 ev, BD = tan60
= 1=3+1= 3×4= 2 10
1+3 3
ev, BD =
3
2tanC  BD = 5.77 wgUvi
 sin2C = 1 + tan2C (cÖgvwYZ) AB
1 Avevi, ABC G tan = BC
GLb, 3cot22C + 4cosec2C + 5sin2C – 4cos2C AB
1 ev, BC = tan
= 3cot2(2 × 30) + 4cosec230 + 5sin230 – 4cos230
AB
[ C = 30] ev, BC = tan30
1 10
= 3cot260+ 4cosec 30 + 5sin 30 – 4cos230
2 2
ev, BC = 1 = 10 × 3
= 3  + 4 (2)2 + 5 2 – 4
1 2 1 1 2 32
 3 () 2 
3
 BC = 17.32 wgUvi
1 1 1
= 3.3 + 4.4 + 5.4 + 4.4
3
 gBwU (17.22 – 5.77) wgUvi = 11.55 wgUvi miv‡Z
5 5 1 n‡qwQj| (Ans.)
= 2 + 4 – 3 = 4 – 1 = 4 (Ans.)
œ 31  iwgR mv‡n‡ei evMv‡bi GKwU †gnMwb MvQ AB S‡o D
cÖk-
œ 30  GKRb we`y¨rKg©x we`y¨‡Zi Zvi ms‡hvM †`qvi Rb¨ 10 we›`y‡Z Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †h, m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ n‡q †Mvov †_‡K
cÖk-
wgUvi D”PZvi LyuwU‡Z 11.54 wgUvi gB eënvi K‡i hv LyuwUi mv‡_ 5 3 wgUvi `~‡i C we›`y‡Z f‚wgi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
 †KvY I f‚wgi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| Zv‡Z K‡i wec`RbK [ = 30]
Ae¯’vi m„wó nq c‡i †m c~‡e©i †P‡q j¤^v gB eënvi Kivq c~‡e©i
K. Z_¨vbymv‡i AvbycvwZK wPÎ AuvK| 2
Ae¯’vb †_‡K wcwQ‡q f‚wgi mv‡_ 30 †KvY ˆZwi nq|
BD CD 2 1 + sin
K.  †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ?
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos
2
4
(
L. †`LvI †h, BC + BC = 1 – sin ) 4
M. iwgR mv‡ne `Êvqgvb Ask Øviv N‡i LyuwU Ges fvOv
M. gBwU f‚wg‡Z cÖ_g Ae¯’vb †_‡K KZ `~i miv‡Z
n‡q‡Q? 4 Ask Øviv Z³v Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| LyuwU I Z³vi ˆ`N©¨
KZ n‡e Zv wbY©q Ki| 4
K.
K. GLv‡b, AB GKwU †gnMwb MvQ hvi
 kxl©we›`y A I cv`we›`y B. MvQwU A
S‡o D we›`y‡Z †f‡O wM‡q m¤ú~Y©

10 wg. 11.54 wg. wew”Qbœ bv n‡q †Mvov n‡Z 5 3
D
wgUvi `~‡i C we›`y‡Z  = 30 †KvY
 30 Drcbœ K‡i|
B  = 30
D C B
AB 5 3 wgUvi
Avgiv Rvwb, sin = AD
10
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, wP‡Î, BCD Gi BCD = 
ev, sin = 11.54 BD wecixZ evû CD AwZfzR
ev, sin = 0.867 BC = mwbœwnZ evû = tan Ges BC = mwbœwnZ evû = sec
ev, sin = sin60
(BD CD 2
  = 60 (Ans.)  evgcÿ = BC + BC )
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, BAD = 90 – 60 = 30 = (tan + sec)2
[ BAD + ADB = 90]
=
sin 1 2  sin 1 
cÖ`Ë ivwk, cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos cos + cos  tan = cos Ges sec = cos
ev, cos(3 × 30) = 4cos330 – 3cos30
=
1 + sin2 (1 + sin)2
evgcÿ = cos(3 × 30) = cos90 = 0  cos  = cos2
(1 + sin)2 (1 – sin)2 ev, 3h = ( 3 + 2)x
= =
1 – sin  (1 + sin) (1 – sin)
2
(1 + sin) (1 + sin) 1 + sin

ev, 3h = 10 3 ( 3 + 2) [ÔKÕ n‡Z]
= =
(1 + sin) (1 – sin) 1 – sin
= Wvbcÿ ev, h = 10 ( 3 + 2)
BD CD 2 1 + sin  h = 3732 wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans.)
(
 BC + BC = ) 1 – sin
M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i, BDC = 60
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, wP‡Î, BCD–Gi BCD =  = 30
`Êvqgvb Ask = BD Ges fvOv Ask = AD = CD   = 90 − 60 = 30
BD evgcÿ = cos2 = cos (2  30) [  = 30]
BCD n‡Z cvB, tanBCD = BC 1
BD = cos 60 = 2
ev, tan30 =
5 3 1 − tan2 1 − (tan30)2
1 BD Wvbcÿ = 1 + tan2 = 1 + (tan30)2
ev, =
1− 
3 5 3 1 1 2
5 3  3 1− 3 3 1
ev, BD = = 1 = 1=4=2
1+  1+3 3
3
 BD = 5  3
LyuwUi ˆ`N©¨ 5 wgUvi (Ans.) 1 − tan2
BC
 cos2 =
1 + tan2
(cÖgvwYZ)
Avevi, BCD n‡Z cvB, cosBCD = CD
5 3
œ 33  AB GKwU UvIqvi| UvIqviwUi Qvqv BD| D we›`y‡Z A
cÖk-
ev, cos30 = CD Gi mv‡_ 60 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ 24 wgUvi †ewk n‡j,
3 5 3 C we›`y‡Z DbœwZ †KvY 45 nq|
ev, 2 = CD
K. wPÎwU Gu‡K mswÿß eY©bv †jL| 2
5 3×2 L. UvIqv‡ii D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, CD =
3
M. hw` 2 cos(A + B) = 1 = 2 sin (A − B), †hLv‡b A
 CD = 10
 Z³vi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi (Ans.) I B m~²‡KvY| A I B Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 32  GKwU MvQ S‡o Ggbfv‡e †f‡O †Mj †h, fvOv Ask

cÖk-
f‚wgi mv‡_ 60 †KvY Ges fvOv Ask `Êvqgvb As‡ki mv‡_  †KvY K. g‡b Kwi, AB GKwU UvIqvi| D I C we›`y‡Z UvIqv‡ii kx‡l©i
ˆZwi K‡i †Mvov †_‡K 10 wgUvi `~‡i gvwU ¯úk© K‡i| DbœwZ †KvY ADB = 60 I ACB = 45, CD = 24 wgUvi|
K. `Êvqgvb As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 A
L. MvQwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
1 − tan2
M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i cÖgvY Ki †h, cos2 = 1 + tan2. 4
K. g‡b Kwi, AB GKwU MvQ C we›`y‡Z †f‡O wM‡q f‚wgi mv‡_ D
we›`y‡Z CDB = 60 Drcbœ K‡i| 45
C 24 wgUvi D
60
B
x wgUvi
 BD = 10 wgUvi A
g‡b Kwi, `Êvqgvb As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ L. g‡b Kwi,

BC = x wgUvi C UvIqv‡ii D”PZv, AB = h wgUvi|
BC x Ges BD = x wgUvi|
 tan 60 = BD = 10  h wgUvi
 BC = BD + DC = (x + 24) wgUvi|
x
ev, 3 = 10 (h − x) x wgUvi AB
 ABD-G tan ADB = BD
ev, x = 10 3 wgUvi 60
h
 x = 1732 wgUvi (cÖvq)
D 10 wgUvi B ev, tan60 = x
L. g‡b Kwi, MvQwUi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ AB = h wgUvi h
ev, 3 = x
mg‡KvYx BCD n‡Z cvB,
h
BC x x=
 sin 60 = CD = 3
h−x
AB
3 x ABC-G, tanACB = BC
ev, 2 =h−x h
ev, tan 45 = x + 24
ev, 3h − 3x = 2x
h
ev, 1 = x + 24 L. GLv‡b, cos2 − sin2 = 2 − 5 cos
ev, cos2 − (1 − cos2) = 2 − 5 cos [sin2  = 1 − cos2]
ev, h = x + 24 ev, cos2 − 1 + cos2 − 2 + 5 cos = 0
h h
ev, h = + 24 [ x = ] ev, 2 cos2 + 5 cos − 3 = 0
3 3
h
ev, 2 cos2 + 6 cos − cos  − 3 = 0
ev, h − = 24 ev, 2 cos2 (cos  + 3) − 1 (cos + 3) = 0
3
ev, (cos + 3) (2 cos − 1) = 0
ev, h 1 −  = 24
1
 3 nq, 2 cos − 1 = 0 A_ev, cos + 3 = 0
3 − 1 ev, 2 cos = 1 ev, cos  = −3
ev, h = 24 wKš‘ GUv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq KviY 
 3  1
ev, cos  = 2
24 3 m~²‡KvY|]
ev, h = 1
3−1 ev, cos = cos 60 [ cos 60 = 2]
 h = 56585 wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans.)
  = 60
M. Abykxjbx 9.2 Gi 16bs mgvavb †`L| wb‡Y©q mgvavb,  = 60
œ 34  cos2 − sin2 = 2 − 5 cos ; hLb  m~²‡KvY|
cÖk- M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,  = 60
K. wÎ‡KvYwgwZ Kx? 2 A
L.  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. GKwU Mv‡Qi cv`‡`k †_‡K 20 wgUvi `~‡i f‚Z‡ji
h
†Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Mv‡Qi DbœwZ †KvY  n‡j, MvQwUi
D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
 34bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  60
P
O
K. MwY‡Zi †h kvLvq wÎfzR msµvšÍ wewfbœ cwigvc m¤ú‡K© 20 wgUvi
we‡kl Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq, Zv‡K wÎ‡KvYwgwZ ejv nq| Z‡e g‡b Kwi, Mv‡Qi DbœwZ †KvY POA =  = 60 Mv‡Qi
mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j wÎ‡KvYwgwZ ïay wÎfz‡Ri wewfbœ cwigv‡ci cv`‡`k †_‡K f‚Z‡ji O we›`yi `~iZ¡ PO = 20 wgUvi Ges
g‡a¨ mxgve× bq| Mv‡Qi D”PZv AP = h wgUvi
GLb, POA mg‡KvYx wÎfzR †_‡K,
AP
tan POA = OP
h
ev, tan 60 = 20
h
ev, 3 = 20 [ tan 60 = 3]
ev, h = 20 3
 h = 3464
 MvQwUi D”PZv 3464 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
x
GKv`k Aa¨vq
exR MwYZxq A byc vZ I mgvbyc vZ Rene Decartes
divwm MwYZwe`, †i‡b †`Kv‡Z© (1596-1650)
Algebraic Ratio Proportion exRMwYZ I R¨vwgwZi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbiƒcY K‡i ¯ §iYxq
n‡q Av‡Qb| GQvov wZwb exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I
mgvbycv‡Z R¨vwgwZK aviYv cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|
A b yk xj b x 1 1 .1
 AbycvZ
GKB GK‡K mgRvZxq `yBwU ivwki cwigv‡Yi GKwU AciwUi KZ ¸Y ev KZ Ask Zv GKwU fMœvsk Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GB
fMœvskwU‡K ivwk `yBwUi AbycvZ e‡j|
p
e¨vL¨v : `yBwU ivwk p I q Gi AbycvZ‡K p : q = q †jLv nq| p I q ivwk `yBwU mgRvZxq I GKB GK‡K n‡Z n‡e| Abycv‡Z p †K
c~e© ivwk Ges q †K DËi ivwk ejv nq|
 mgvbycvZ
hw` PviwU ivwk Giƒc nq †h, cÖ_g I wØZxq ivwki AbycvZ Z…Zxq I PZz_© ivwki Abycv‡Zi mgvb nq, Z‡e H PviwU ivwk wb‡q GKwU
mgvbycvZ Drcbœ nq| a, b, c, d Giƒc PviwU ivwk n‡j Avgiv wjwL, a : b = c : d
µwgK mgvbycvZx
a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx ej‡Z †evSvq a : b = b : c
a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` b2 = ac nq| µwgK mgvbycv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î me¸‡jv ivwk GK RvZxq n‡Z n‡e|
 Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi
GLv‡b Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jv abvZ¥K msL¨v|
(1) a : b = c : d n‡j, b : a = d : c [e¨¯ÍKiY (invertendo)]
(2) a : b = c : d n‡j, a : c = b : d [GKvšÍKiY (alternendo)]
a+b c+d
(3) a : b = c : d n‡j, b = d [ †hvRb (componendo)]
a−b c−d
(4) a : b = c : d n‡j, b = d [we‡qvRb (dividendo)]
a+b c+d
(5) a : b = c : d n‡j, a − b = c − d [†hvRb-we‡qvRb (componendo-dividendo)]
a c e g a+c+e+g
(6) b = d = f = h n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbycvZ = b + d + f + h

cÖkœ \ 1 \ `yBwU eM©‡¶‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a wgUvi Ges b mgvavb : awi, e„Ë‡¶‡Îi e¨vmva© = r wgUvi
wgUvi n‡j, Zv‡ì †¶Îd‡ji AbycvZ KZ?  e„Ë‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = r2 eM©wgUvi
mgvavb : 1g eM©‡¶‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a wgUvi  e„‡Ëi cwimxgv = 2r wgUvi
 1g eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †¶Îdj = a2 eM©wgUvi cÖkœg‡Z, eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = r2 eM© wgUvi
Ges 2q eM©‡¶‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = b wgUvi  eM©‡¶‡Îi GK evû = r2 wgUvi = r wgUvi
 2q eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †¶Îdj = b2 eM©wgUvi  eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv = 4 r wgUvi
a2
 1g I 2q eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †¶Îd‡ji AbycvZ = b2 = a2 : b2 e„Ë‡¶‡Îi I eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgvi AbycvZ
 Zv‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ = a : b (Ans.)
2 2
=
2r
=

=  : 2 (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 2 \ GKwU e„Ë‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj GKwU eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îd‡ji 4 r 2
mgvb n‡j, Zv‡ì cwimxgvi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| cÖkœ \ 3 \ `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 : 4 Ges Zv‡ì j. mv. ¸. 180;
msL¨v `yBwU wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : awi, msL¨vØq 3x I 4x [AbycvZ Abyhvqx)] mgvavb : (i) †Ìqv Av‡Q a : b = b : c,
 msL¨vØ‡qi j. mv. ¸. = 12x a
ev, b = c
b
cÖkœg‡Z, 12x = 180
180  b2 = ac
ev, x = 12 a
evgc¶ = c
 x = 15
 msL¨vØq h_vµ‡g (3  15) = 45 a2 + b2 a2 + ac
Wvbc¶ = b2 + c2 = ac + c2 [ b2 = ac]
Ges (4  15) = 60 a (a + c) a
wb‡Y©q msL¨v `yBwU 45 I 60. =
c (a + c) c
=
cÖkœ \ 4 \ GKw`b †Zvgv‡ì K¬v‡m †`Lv †Mj Abycw¯’Z I Dcw¯’Z a a +b 2 2
QvÎ msL¨vi AbycvZ 1 : 4, Abycw¯’Z QvÎ msL¨v‡K †gvU QvÎ A_©vr, c = b2 + c2 (cÖgvwYZ)
msL¨vi kZKivq cÖKvk Ki| (ii) †Ìqv Av‡Q, a : b = b : c
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, Abycw¯’Z QvÎ msL¨v = x a b
Ges Dcw¯’Z QvÎ msL¨v = 4x ev, b = c
 †gvU QvÎ msL¨v = (4x + x) Rb = 5x Rb  b2 = ac
x
 Abycw¯’Z QvÎ msL¨v †gvU QvÎ msL¨vi 5x Ask 1 1 1
Abycw¯’Z QvÎ x 1
(
evgc¶ = a2b2c2 a3 + b3 + c3 )
A_©vr †gvU QvÎ  100% = 5x  100% = 5  100 % = 20%
( ) a2b2c2 a2b2c2 a2b2c2
= 3 + + 3
a b3 c
 Abycw¯’Z QvÎmsL¨v †gvU QvÎ msL¨vi 20%. (Ans.) bc2 2 2
ac 2 a b2
2
= + +
cÖkœ \ 5 \ GKwU `ªe¨ µq K‡i 28% ¶wZ‡Z weµq Kiv n‡jv| a b c
weµqg~j¨ I µqg~‡jï AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| ac. c2 (b2) a2.ac
2
= + + [ b2 = ac]
mgvavb : µqg~j¨ 100 UvKv n‡j 28% ¶wZ‡Z weµqg~j¨ = (100 – 28) a b c
ev 72 UvKv| ac3 b4 a3c
72 = + +
a b c
weµqg~j¨ : µqg~j¨ = 72 : 100 = 100
= c + b + a3
3 3
18
= = 18 : 25 = a3 + b3 + c3 = Wvbc¶
25
 weµqg~j¨ I µqg~‡jï AbycvZ = 18 : 25. (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 6 \ wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi mgwó 70 eQi| Zv‡ì (1
A_©vr, a2b2c2 a3 +b3 +c3
1 1
) = a + b + c (cÖgvwYZ)
3 3 3
eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 eQi c~‡e© wQj 5 : 2| 5 eQi c‡i Zv‡ì eq‡mi (iii) †Ìqv Av‡Q a : b = b : c
AbycvZ KZ n‡e? a b
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, 7 eQi c~‡e© wcZvi eqm wQj 5k eQi ev, b = c
Ges 7 eQi c~‡e© cy‡Îi eqm wQj 2k eQi  b2 = ac
GLv‡b, k Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ¸wYZK
abc (a + b + c)3
 eZ©gv‡b wcZvi eqm (5k + 7) eQi evgc¶ = (ab + bc + ca)3
Ges eZ©gv‡b cy‡Îi eqm (2k + 7) eQi
Avevi, 5 eQi c‡i wcZvi eqm (5k + 7 + 5) eQi b. b2 (a + b + c)3
= [ b2 = ac]
(ab + bc + b2)3
= (5k + 12) eQi
Ges 5 eQi c‡i cy‡Îi eqm (2k + 7 + 5) eQi =
b3 (a + b + c)3 b3 (a + b + c)3
= 3
3
= (2k + 12) eQi {b (a + c + b)} b (a + b + c)3
cÖkœvbymv‡i, (5k + 7) + (2k + 7) = 70 = 1 = Wvbc¶
ev, 5k + 7 + 2k + 7 = 70 abc(a + b + c)3
ev, 7k + 14 = 70 A_©vr, (ab + bc + ca)3 = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, 7k = 70 − 14 = 56 (iv) †Ìqv
56 Av‡Q, a : b = b : c
ev, k = 7 = 8 a b
k=8
ev, b = c
 5 eQi c‡i wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ  b2 = ac
= (5  8 + 12) : (2  8 + 12)
= (40 + 12) : (16 + 12) 1g c¶ = a – 2b + c
= 52 : 28 (a – b)2 a2 – 2ab + b2
= 13 : 7 (Ans.) 2q c¶ = a
=
a
cÖkœ \ 7 \ hw` a : b = b : c nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, a2 – 2ab + ac
= a
[ b2 = ac]
a a2 + b2 1 1 1
(i) =
c b2 + c2
(ii) a2 b2 c2( + +
a3 b3 c3 ) = a3 + b3 + c3
=
a(a – 2b + c)
= a – 2b + c
abc (a + b + c)3 (a – b)2 (b – c)2 a
(iii)
(ab + bc + ca)3
= 1 (iv) a – 2b + c = a =
c
(b − c)2 b2 − 2bc + c2 a b2 + 1
3q c¶ = = ev, x = 2b
c c
ac – 2bc + c 2 ev, x (b2 + 1) = 2ab
= c
[ b2 = ac] 2ab
x=
c(a – 2b + c) b2 + 1
= = a – 2b + c 2ab
c wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = b2 + 1
(a – b)2 (b – c)2
A_©vr, a – 2b + c = a = c (cÖgvwYZ) a+x− a2 – x2 b
(iii) =
a+x+ a2 – x2 x
cÖkœ \ 8 \ mgvavb Ki :
a + x − a2 − x2 + a + x + a2 − x2 b + x
ev, =
(i)
1– 1–x 1
= (ii)
a+x+ a–x
=b a + x − a2 − x2 − a − x − a2 − x2 b − x
1+ 1–x 3 a+x– a–x [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
2a + 2x b+x
a+x− a2 – x2 b ev, =
(iii) = , 2a > b > 0 Ges x  0. − 2 a2 − x2 b −x
a+x+ a2 – x2 x 2(a + x) b+x
ev, =
(iv)
x–1+ x–6
=5 (v)
ax + b + ax – b
=c − 2 a2 − x2 b −x
x–1– x–6 ax + b – ax – b a+x b+x
ev, =
1–x
3 − a2 − x2 b − x
(vi) 81 ( ) = 11 +– xx
1+x ev,
(a + x)2
=
(b + x)2
(b −x)2
[Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
1– 1–x 1 (− a −x )
2 2 2
mgvavb : (i) = a2 + 2ax + x2 b2 + 2bx + x2

1+ 1–x 3 ev, a2 − x2 = b2 − 2bx + b2
1– 1–x+1+ 1–x 1+3 a2 + 2ax + x2 + a2 − x2 b2 + 2bx + x2 + b2 −2bx + x2
ev, = [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] ev,a2 + 2ax + x2 − a2 + x2 = b2 + 2bx + x2 − b2 + 2bx − x2
1– 1–x–1– 1–x 1–3
ev,
2
=
4 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
– 2 ( 1 – x) – 2 2a2 + 2ax 2b2+ 2x2
1
ev, 2ax + 2x2
=
4bx
ev, =2 [ – 1 Øviv Dfqc¶‡K ¸Y K‡i] 2(a + ax) 2(x2 +b2)
2
1–x ev, =
ev, 2 1– x =1 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] 2(x2 + ax) 2  2bx
a + ax x2 + b2
2
ev, (2 1 – x)2 = (1)2 [Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i] ev, x2 + ax
=
2bx
ev, 4 (1– x) = 1 ev, (x + b )(x2 + ax) = 2bx(a2 + ax)
2 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ev, 4 – 4x = 1 ev, x(x2 + b2) (x + a) = 2abx(x + a)
ev, – 4x = 1 – 4 ev, x2 + b2 = 2ab [Dfqcÿ‡K x (x + a) Øviv fvM K‡i]
ev, – 4x = – 3 ev, x2 = 2ab − b2
–3 3
x= =
–4 4
 x =  2ab − b2
3 wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x =  2ab − b2
wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = 4 x–1+ x–6
(iv) =5
a+x+ a–x x–1– x–6
(ii) =b
a+x– a–x x–1+ x–6+ x–1– x–6 5+1
a+x+ a–x+ a+x– a–x b+1
ev, =
ev, = x–1+ x–6– x–1+ x–6 5–1
a+x+ a–x– a+x+ a–x b–1 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] 2 x–1 6
2 a+x b+1
ev, =
ev, = 2 x–6 4
2 a–x b–1 x–1 3
ev, =
ev, 
a + x
2 2
b+1 x–6 2
 a – x
=( )
b–1
[Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i ]
ev, 
x – 1 2 3 2
2
a + x b + 2b + 1
ev, a – x = b2 – 2b + 1  x–6
= ()
2
[Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i]
x–1 9
a + x + a – x b2 + 2b + 1 + b2 – 2b + 1 ev, x – 6 = 4
ev, a + x – a + x = b2 + 2b + 1 – b2 + 2b – 1
ev, 9x – 54 = 4x – 4 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
[cybivq †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
2a 2b2 + 2
ev, 9x – 4x = 54 – 4
ev, 2x = 4b ev, 5x = 50
a 2 (b2 + 1) 50
ev, x = 4b ev, x = 5
 x = 10
wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = 10 wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = 2 ev, 2
1
ax + b + ax – b a c
(v) =c cÖkœ \ 9 \ b = d n‡j, †`LvI †h,
ax + b – ax – b
a2 + ab + b2 c2 + cd + d2 ac + bd c2 + d2
ax + b + ax – b + ax + b – ax – b c + 1 (i) = (ii) =
ev, = a2 – ab + b2 c2 – cd + d2 ac – bd c2 – d2
ax + b + ax – b – ax + b + ax – b c–1 a c
mgvavb : (i) awi, b = d = k
a
2 ax + b c + 1 b =k ev, a = bk
ev, =
2 ax – b c – 1 c
2 2 Ges d = k ev, c = dk
ev, 
ax + b c+1
 ax – b
=
2
( )
c–1
[Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i] a2 + ab + b2 (bk)2 + bk.b + b2
evgc¶ = a2 – ab + b2 = (bk)2 – bk.b + b2 [  a = bk ]
ax + b c + 2c + 1
ev, ax – b = c2 – 2c + 1 b2k2 + b2k + b2 b2 (k2 + k + 1) k2 + k + 1
= 2 2 = =
b k – b2k + b2 b2 (k2 – k + 1) k2 – k + 1
ax + b + ax – b c2 + 2c + 1 + c2 – 2c + 1
ev, ax + b – ax + b = c2 + 2c + 1 – c2 + 2c – 1 c2 + cd + d2 (dk)2 + dk.d + d2
Wvbc¶ = c2 – cd + d2 = [  c = dk ]
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] (dk)2 – dk.d + d2
2ax 2c2 + 2 d2k2 + d2k + d2 d2 (k2 + k + 1) k2 + k + 1
ev, 2b = 4c = = =
d2k2 – d2k + d2 d2 (k2 – k + 1) k2 – k + 1
ax 2(c2 + 1)  evgc¶ = Wvbc¶
ev, b = 2 . 2c a2 + ab + b2 c2 + cd + d2
A_©vr, a2 – ab + b2 = c2 – cd + d2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ax c2 + 1
ev, b = 2c a c
(ii) awi, = = k
c2 + 1 b b d
ev, x = 2c  a a c
b(c2 + 1) b =k Ges d = k
ev, x = 2ac
ev, a = bk ev, c = dk
b c2 + 1 ac + bd bk.dk + bd
ev, x = 2a( ) c evgc¶ = ac – bd = bk.dk – bd [ a = bk Ges c = dk]
b 1 bdk2
+ bd bd (k2
+ 1)
x=
2a( ) c+
c
= =
bdk2 – bd bd (k2 – 1)
b 1 k2 + 1
( )
wb‡Y©q mgvavb, x = 2a c + c
3
= 2
k –1
c2 + d2 (dk)2 + d2
1–x 1+x Wvbc¶ = c2 – d2 = (dk)2 – d2
(vi) 81 ( )
1+x
=
1–x 2 2
d k +d 2 2 2
d (k + 1)
[ c = dk]
(1 + x)4 (1 – x)3 = 2 2 =
[
ev, 81 = (1 – x)4 (1 + x)3
Øviv Dfqc¶‡K fvM K‡i] d k – d2 d2 (k2 – 1)
k2 + 1
 1 + x 22 = 2
k –1
 ( )
ev,  1 – x  = (9)2
  evgc¶ = Wvbc¶
1+x 2 ac + bd c2 + d2
( )
ev, 1 – x = ± 9 [Dfqc¶‡K eM©g~j K‡i ] A_©vr, ac – bd = c2 – d2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1+x 2 a b c
( )
ev, 1 – x = 9 A_ev, – 9 cÖkœ \ 10 \ b = c = d n‡j, †`LvI †h,
1+x a3 + b3 b3 + c3
ev, 1 – x = ± 9 A_ev, ± – 9 (i) 3 3 = 3 3 (ii) (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2
b +c c +d
1+x a b c
wKšÍz, 1 – x = ± – 9 mgxKiYwUi †Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨vq mgvavb : (i) awi, b = c = d = k
mgvavb †bB|  c = dk,
1+x b = ck = dk.k = dk2
1–x =±3
Ges a = bk = dk2.k = dk3
1+x 1+x
nq 1 – x = 3 A_ev, 1 – x = – 3 a3 + b3 (dk3)3 + (dk2)3
evgc¶ = b3 + c3 = (dk2)3 + (dk)3 [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, 1 + x = 3 – 3x ev, – 3 + 3x = 1 + x 3 9
d k +d k 3 6 3 6 3
d k (k + 1)
ev, x + 3x = 3 – 1 ev, 3x – x = 1 + 3 = 3 6 =
d k + d3k3 d3k3 (k3 + 1)
= k3
ev, 4x = 2 ev, 2x = 4 b3 + c3 (dk2)3 + (dk)3
2 4 Wvbc¶ = c3 + d3 = (dk)3 + d3 [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, x = 4 ev, x = 2
d3k6 + d3k3 d3k3 (k3 + 1)
1 = 3 3 = 3 3 = k3
x= d k + d3 d (k + 1)
2 x=2
 evgc¶ = Wvbc¶
a3 + b3 b 3 + c3
A_©vr, b3 + c3 = c3 + d3 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) x+1
3
2 m+1
a b c
ev, x – 1 =
(ii) awi, b = c = d = k 3
2 m–1
 c = dk, b = ck = dk. k = dk2
x+1 3
 3 m + 1 3
Ges a = bk = dk2 . k = dk3
( )
ev, x – 1 =  [Dfqc¶‡K Nb K‡i]
evgc¶ = (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) 3 
 m – 1
= {(dk3)2 + (dk2)2+(dk)2 }{(dk2)2 + (dk)2 + d2} x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 m+1
[ a, b I c Gi gvb ewm‡q ] ev, x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1 = m – 1
= (d2k6 + d2k4 + d2k2) (d2k4 + d2k2 + d2) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 + x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1 m + 1 + m – 1
= d2k2 (k4 + k2 + 1)  d2 (k4 + k2 + 1)
ev, x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 – x3 + 3x2 – 3x + 1 = m + 1 – m + 1
= d4k2 (k4 + k2 + 1)2 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
Wvbc¶ = (ab + bc + cd)2 2x3 + 6x 2m
ev, 6x2 + 2 = 2
= (dk3  dk2 + dk2  dk + dk  d)2 [gvb ewm‡q ]
= (d2k5 + d2k3 + d2k)2 = {d2k (k4 + k2 + 1)}2 2(x3 + 3x)
ev, 2 (3x2 + 1) = m
= d4k2 (k4 + k2 + 1)2
x3 + 3x
 evgc¶ = Wvbc¶ ev, 3x2 + 1 = m
A_©vr, (a2 + b2 + c2)(b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 ev, x3 + 3x = 3mx2 + m [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)  x3 – 3mx2 + 3x – m = 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
4ab x + 2a x + 2b
cÖkœ \ 11 \ x = a + b n‡j, †`LvI †h, x − 2a + x − 2b = 2, a  b. 2a + 3b + 2a – 3b
cÖkœ \ 13 \ x = n‡j,
4ab 2a + 3b – 2a – 3b
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = a + b †`LvI †h, 3bx − 4ax + 3b = 0.
2
x 4ab 2a + 3b + 2a – 3b
 = [Dfqcÿ‡K 2a Øviv fvM K‡i] mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = 2a + 3b – 2a – 3b
2a 2a(a + b)
x 2b 2a + 3b + 2a − 3b + 2a + 3b − 2a − 3b
ev, 2a = a + b x+1
ev, x − 1 =
x + 2a 2b + a + b 2a + 3b + 2a − 3b − 2a + 3b + 2a − 3b
ev, x − 2a = 2b − a − b [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
x + 2a 3b + a x + 1 2 2a + 3b
ev, x − 2a = b − a ev, x – 1 =
2 2a – 3b
x+1 2 2a + 3b2
ev, x – 1 = 
x 4ab
Avevi, 2b = 2b(a + b)
x 2a
( ) 2
 2a – 3b
[Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i]
ev, 2b = a + b (x + 1) 2a + 3b
ev, (x – 1)2 = 2a – 3b
x + 2b 2a + a + b x2 + 2x + 1 2a + 3b
ev, x − 2b = 2a − a − b [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] ev, x2 – 2x + 1 = 2a – 3b
x + 2b 3a + b x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 – 2x + 1 2a + 3b + 2a – 3b
ev, x − 2b = a − b ev, x2 + 2x + 1 – x2 + 2x – 1 = 2a + 3b – 2a + 3b
x + 2a x + 2b 3b + a 3a + b 3b + a 3a + b
 x − 2a + x − 2b = b − a + a − b = b − a − b − a [ †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i ]
2x2 + 2 4a
3b + a − 3a − b 2b − 2a 2(b − a) ev, 4x = 6b
= = = =2
b−a b−a b−a 2 (x2 + 1) 2a
x + 2a x + 2b
ev, 2  2x = 3b
 + = 2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
x −2a x −2b x2 + 1 2a
ev, 2x = 3b
3 3
m+1+ m–1 ev, 3bx2 + 3b = 4ax [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
cÖkœ \ 12 \ x = n‡j,
3 3  3bx2 – 4ax + 3b = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
m+1– m–1 a2 + b2 (a + b)2
cÖgvY Ki †h, x – 3mx2 + 3x – m = 0
3 cÖkœ \ 14 \ b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a, b, c µwgK
3 3 mgvbycvZx|
m+1+ m–1 a2 + b2 (a + b)2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, x=
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, b2 + c2 = (b + c)2
3 3
m+1– m–1 (b + c)2 (a + b)2
3 3 3 3 ev, b2 + c2 = a2 + b2 [GKvšÍiKiY K‡i]
x+1 m+1+ m−1+ m+1− m−1 b2 + 2bc + c2 a2 + 2ab + b2
ev, x–1
= ev, =
3 3 3 3 b2 + c2 a2 + b2
m+1+ m−1− m+1+ m –1 b + 2bc + c – b2 – c2 a2 + 2ab + b2 – a2 – b2
2 2
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] ev, b 2 + c2
=
a2 + b2
[we‡qvRb K‡i] bxz – cxy + cxy – ayz + ayz – bxz
2bc 2ab = akx + bky + ckz
ev, b2 + c2 = a2 + b2 ev, 0 = k (ax + by + cz)
c a k=0
ev, b2 + c2 = a2 + b2 [ 2b Øviv Dfqc¶‡K fvM K‡i] mgxKiY (i)-G k = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
ev, ab + ac = a c + b c
2 2 2 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] bz – cy = a. 0
ev, ab2 – b2c = a2c – ac2 ev, bz – cy = 0
ev, b2 (a – c) = ac (a – c) ev, bz = cy
ev, b2 = ac [Dfqc¶‡K (a – c) Øviv fvM K‡i] y z
 b = c ............... (iv)
a b
 = mgxKiY (ii)-G k = 0 ewm‡q cvB,
b c
A_©vr, a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| (cÖgvwYZ) cx – az = b. 0
x y z ev, cx – az = 0
cÖkœ \ 15 \ b + c = c + a = a + b n‡j, ev, cx = az
a b c x z
cÖgvY Ki †h, y + z – x = z + x – y = x + y – z  = .......... (v)
a c
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mgxKiY (iv) I (v) †_‡K cvB,
x y z y z x x y z
= = =k = = A_©vr a = b = c (cÖgvwYZ)
b+c c+a a+b b c a
 x = k (b + c), y = k(c + a) Ges z = k (a + b) a+b–c b+c–a c+a–b
cÖkœ \ 17 \ a + b = b + c = c + a Ges a + b + c ≠ 0
a
1g c¶ = y + z – x n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a = b = c.
a mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
=
k (c + a) + k (a + b) – k (b + c)
[gvb ewm‡q] a+b–c b+c–a c+a–b
= =
a a 1 a+b b+c c+a
= = = a+b–c–a–b b+c–a–b–c c+a–b–c–a
k (c + a + a + b – b – c) k.2a 2k
b ev, a+b
=
b+c
=
c+a
2q c¶ = z + x – y [we‡qvRb K‡i]
b –c –a –b
=
k (a + b) + k(b + c) – k(c + a)
[gvb ewm‡q] ev, a + b = b + c = c + a
b b 1 c a b
=
k (a + b + b + c – c – a)
=
k.2b 2k
= ev, a + b = b + c = c + a [cÖ‡Z¨K c¶‡K –1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
c a+b b+c c+a
3q c¶ = x + y – z ev, c = a = b [e¨¯ÍKiY K‡i]
c a+b+c b+c+a c+a+b
=
k (b + c) + k (c + a) – k (a + b)
[gvb ewm‡q] ev, c = a = b [†hvRb K‡i]
c 1 1 1
=
k (b + c + c + a – a – b) ev, c = a = b [... a + b + c  0]
=
c
=
1 [cÖ‡Z¨K c¶‡K a + b + c Øviv fvM K‡i]
k.2c 2k 1 1 1 1
 1g c¶ = 2q c¶ = 3q c¶  c = a n‡j, a = c Ges a = b n‡j, a = b
a b c
A_©vr, y + z – x = z + x – y = x + y – z (cÖgvwYZ) A_©vr, a = b = c (cÖgvwYZ)
x y z
bz – cy cx – az ay – bx cÖkœ \ 18 \ xa + yb + zc = ya + zb + xc = za + xb + yc Ges
cÖkœ \ 16 \ a = b = c n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h,
1
x y z x + y + z ≠ 0 n‡j, †`LvI †h, cÖwZwU AbycvZ =
= = a+b+c
a b c
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, cÖ`Ë cÖ‡Z¨KwU Abycv‡Zi gvb = k
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, x
bz – cy cx – az ay – bx  =k
= = =k xa + yb + zc
a b c
ev, k(xa + yb + zc) = x ............... (i)
bz − cy
 a =k y
Avevi, ya + zb + xc = k
ev, bz – cy = ak ................ (i) ev, k(ya + zb + xc) = y ............... (ii)
cx – az
Avevi, b = k z
Ges za + xb + yc = k
ev, cx – az = bk ............... (ii)
ay – bx
ev, k(za + xb + yc) = z ............... (iii)
Ges c = k mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
ev, ay – bx = ck ................(iii) k (xa + by + zc + ya + zb + xc + za + xb + yc) = x + y + z
mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) †K h_vµ‡g x, y I z Øviv ¸Y K‡i ev, k (xa + ya + za + xb + yb + zb + xc + yc + zc) = x + y + z
†hvM Kwi, ev, k {a (x + y + z) + b (x + y + z) + c (x + y + z)} = x + y + z
ev, k (x + y + z) (a + b + c) = x + y + z x
ev, y = l
m y
ev, z = m
n x n
ev, z = l
(x + y + z)
ev, k = (x + y + z) (a + b + c) y l z m z l
ev, x = m ev, y = n ev, x = n
1
k= x2 y2 z2
a+b+c evgc¶ = yz + zx + xy
1
 cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb = a + b + c (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) x x y y z z
=  +  + 
cÖkœ \ 19 \ hw` (a + b + c) p = (b + c – a) q = (c + a – b) r = (a y z x z x y
m n l n l m
+ b – c) s nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h,
1 1 1 1
+ + = . =  +  + 
l l m m n n
[ gvb ewm‡q ]
q r s p
mn nl lm
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, = 2 + 2 + 2 = Wvbc¶
l m n
(a + b + c) p = (b + c – a) q = (c + a – b) r
= (a + b – c) s = k  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
 (a + b + c) p = k x2 y2 z2 mn nl lm
A_©vr, yz + zx + xy = l2 + m2 + n2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
1 a+b+c
ev, p = k ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)
p a2 a a+q
Avevi, q(b + c – a) = k cÖkœ \ 21 \ hw` q = b2 Ges b = nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h,
a−q
1 b+c–a p+q p−q
ev, q = k ... ... ... ... ... (ii) = .
a q
Abyiƒcfv‡e, (c + a – b) r = k p a2 a a+q
1 c+a–b mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, q = b2 Ges b =
ev, r = k ... ... ... ... ... (iii) a −q
Ges s(a + b – c) = k a a+q
GLv‡b, b =
1 a+b–c a−q
ev, s = k ... ... ... .. .. .. (iv)
ev, b =   2 2
1 1 1
evgc¶ = q + r + s
(a )
 a − q
a+q
[Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
b+c–a c+a–b a+b–c a2 ( a + q )2

= + + [gvb ewm‡q] ev, b2 =
k k k (
a − q )2
b+c–a+c+a–b+a+b–c a2 a + q
=
k
ev, b2 = a − q
a+b+c 1 p a+q p a2
= = = Wvbc¶ ev, q = a − q [ = 2 †Ìqv Av‡Q]
k p q b
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ p+q a+q+a−q
ev, p − q = a + q − a + q [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
1 1 1 1
A_©vr, q + r + s = p (cÖgvwYZ) p + q 2a a
ev, p − q = 2q = q
cÖkœ \ 20 \ hw` lx = my = nz nq, Z‡e †`LvI †h,
x2 y2 z2 mn nl lm p+q p−q
+ + = 2 + 2 + 2 ev, a = q [GKvšÍiKiY K‡i]
yz zx xy l m n
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, lx = my = nz p+q p−q
 a = q (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
 lx = my  my = nz  lx = nz

1. ABC Gi A : B = 1 : 2 Ges B : C = 2 : 3 n‡j K
4
L
14

5
N
20
5 15 4 13
C Gi cwigvc−
 90 L 60 M 45 N 30
6. GKwU `ªe¨ 20% jv‡f weµq Kiv n‡jv, weµq g~j¨ Ges µq
2. p, q, r wZbwU µwgK mgvbycvwZK ivwk n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~‡jï AbycvZ †KvbwU?
K 5:4  6:5 M 5:6 N 4:5
mwVK?
K p2 = qr  q2 = pr M pq = qr N r2 = pq
7. x : y = 2 : 3, y : z = 2 : 3 n‡j, x : z = KZ?
K 1:1 L 2:3 M 3:2  4:9
3. wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm h_vµ‡g 40 eQi Ges 10 eQi|
8. wµ‡KU †Ljvq myRb I iwd‡Ki iv‡bi AbycvZ 2 : 3, iwdK I
5 eQi ci Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ KZ n‡e?
mvwK‡ei iv‡bi AbycvZ 5 : 6 n‡j Zv‡ì iv‡bi avivevwnK
K 4:1  3:1 M 1:4 N 1:3
AbycvZ KZ?
4. K : L = 3 : 4, L : M = 5 : 4 n‡j, K : L : M KZ?  10 : 15 : 18 L 6:9:8
 15 : 20 : 16 L 16 : 15 : 20 M 6 : 10 : 12 Ny 4 : 10 : 12
M 20 : 16 : 15 N 20 : 15 : 16 9. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 1 : 2 : 3 Ges ¶z`ªZi
x 2 6x + y evûi ˆ`N©¨ 10 †m.wg. n‡j e„nËg evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
5. hw` y = 3 nq Z‡e 3x + 2y Gi gvb KZ?
K 10 3  20 M 10 5 N 30
10. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j− K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. a : b : : b : c ii. a2 = bc iii. b2 = ac 12. x, y, z µwgK mgvbycvZx ivwk n‡j−
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? x y x+y
i. xy = yz ii. = iii. cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb = y + z
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii y z
11. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j− wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
a+b b+c K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. b2 = ac ii. 2b = a + c iii. =
b c

111 : AbycvZ enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 24. i.
AbycvZ GKwU cÖK…Z ev AcK…Z fMœvsk
Abycv‡Zi cÖ_g ivwk‡K c~e© ivwk e‡j
ii.
13. A : B n‡j B †K Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
K ga¨K  DËi ivwk M cÖvšÍxq ivwk N c~e© ivwk
Abycv‡Zi wØZxq ivwk‡K DËi ivwk e‡j
iii.
14. `yBwU ivwk p I q Gi AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)

1
K p−q  p:q M p N pq 25. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
q
15. `yBwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g m wgUvi Ges n wgUvi i. AbycvZ n‡jv `yBwU ivwki GKwU AciwUi KZ Ask ev KZ¸Y
a
n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ KZ? (mnR) ii. a I b `yBwU ivwki AbycvZ‡K b †jLv nq
K m:n  m2 : n2 M m3 : n3 N m: n iii. 3·6 : 25 AbycvZwUi DËi ivwk 2·5
16. `yBwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 1 : 3 n‡j †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
KZ? ( ga¨g ) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 9:1 L 4:1 M 1:4  1:9 26. PZz f © y ‡ Ri cwimxgv I ˆ`‡N© ¨ i Aby c vZ 121 : 11 n‡jÑ
17. GKwU e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ wØ¸Y n‡j, Zvi †ÿÎdj KZ¸Y e„w× i. G‡ì‡K 11 : 1 Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv hvq
cv‡e? ( ga¨g ) ii. ˆ`N©¨‡K eM© Ki‡j PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj cvIqv hvq
K2 4 M8 N 16
iii. Giv mgRvZxq ivwk
18. GK wiqvj hw` 22 UvKv nq Z‡e wiqvj I UvKvi AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
KZ? (mnR)
 1 : 22 L 22 : 1 M 11 : 1 N 1 : 11 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
19. e„‡Ëi e¨vm I cwiwai AbycvZ KZ? (mnR)
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 27-29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 1: L 1 : 2 M 1 : 2 N 1 : 3
e¨vL¨v : r e¨vmv‡a©ï e„‡Ëi e¨vm 2r I cwiwa 2r
`yBwU Mvwoi MwZ‡e‡Mi AbycvZ 5·2 : 2·5
2r 27. MwZ‡e‡Mi mij AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 e¨vm : cwiwa = 2r = 1 :  K 25 : 52  52 : 25 M 5 : 52 N 52 : 5
20. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû Pvi¸Y n‡j †ÿÎdj KZ ¸Y n‡e? (mnR) 28. mij AbycvZwU‡K wØ¸Y Ki‡j Zvi c~e© ivwk KZ? (ga¨g)
K4 L8  16 N 32 K 25 L 50 M 102  104
21. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj 25 ¸Y e„w× Ki‡j Gi e¨vmva© KZ ¸Y 29. 1g Mvwoi MwZ‡eM 2q Mvwoi MwZ‡e‡Mi KZ¸Y? (KwVb)
K 2·04  2·08 M 3·04 N 3·08
e„w× cv‡e? (ga¨g)
5 L 10 M 50 N 625 112 : mgvbycvZ
22. x Gi 10% hw` y Gi 20% Gi mgvb nq Z‡e x : y = KZ? (KwVb)
K 1:2  2:1 M 5:1 N 10 : 1 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
e¨vL¨v : x Gi 10% = y Gi 20%
10 20
30. `yBwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ 25 : 36 n‡j, Zv‡ì
ev, x Gi 100 = y Gi 100 ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
10x
ev, 100 = 100
20y K 1:2 L 2:3  5:6 N 10 : 14
e¨vL¨v : 25 : 36 = 52 : 62  ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ 5 : 6
ev, x = 2y 31. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
x 2
ev, y = 1 K a:b=c:b  a:b=b:c
x:y=2:1 M a:c=b:c N b:a=b:c
e¨vL¨v : a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e, hw` b2 = ac nq
23. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i evû I K‡Y©i ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g) a b
ev, b = c  a : b = b : c
 1: 2 L 2:1 M 1:2 N 2:1
e¨vL¨v : e‡M©i evû = a Ges e‡M©i KY© = 2a 32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvbycvZ ivwk? (mnR)
K 1:2=3:4  2 : 5 = 6 : 15
 e‡M©i evû : KY© = a : 2a = 1 : 2
M 4:6=9:4 N 10 : 5 = 5 : 10
33. x : y = 5 : 6 n‡j 6x : 5y = KZ? (ga¨g) 53. x : y Gi e¨¯ÍvbycvZ †KvbwU? (mnR)
5 3 1 1 1
1 L M N K x:y  y:x M : N x2 : y2
6 5 6 x y
34. A I B mg‡e‡M wbw`©ó `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g 3 I 4 wgwb‡U AwZµg 54. †Kv‡bv AbycvZ I H Abycv‡Zi e¨¯Ívbycv‡Zi ¸Ydj KZ? (ga¨g)
Ki‡j Zv‡ì MwZ‡e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ? (mnR) K k~b¨ L Amxg 1 N fMœvsk
K 1:3 L 2:3 M 4:3  3:4
35. a : b = b : c nq, Z‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K a2 = bc L = ab c2 b2 = ac N ab = bc
36. 3·2 : 24 †K a : 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (mnR)
K 1:1  1·33 : 1 M 2·4 : 3·2 N 1·33 : 2 i. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvwZK n‡j ac = b2
37. ac = b2 n‡j (a2 + b2) : (b2 + c2) Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) ii. a : b = b : c2 n‡j a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx
K c:b Lb:c  a:c N c:a iii. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j a : b = b : c
38. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvbycvZ ivwk? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 1:2=3:4  2 : 5 = 6 : 15
M 4:6=9:4 N 10 : 5 = 5 : 10 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
2 6
e¨vL¨v : 2 : 5 = 5 = 0.4 Ges 6 : 15 = 15 = 0.4 56. a : b = 6 : 2 n‡jÑ
i. a = 3 I b = 1 Gi Rb¨ Giv mgvbycvZx
39. x : y = 5 : 6 n‡j 3x : 5y = KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. a = 2 I b = 1 Gi Rb¨ Giv µwgK mgvbycvZx
K 15 : 35 L 35 : 15  1:2 N 2:1
e¨vL¨v : 3x : 5y = 15 : 30 = 1 : 2 a
iii. G‡K = 3 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq
40. 5 : 8 = 15 : x n‡j x Gi gvb †KvbwU? (ga¨g) b
 24 L 40 M 75 N 120 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
5 15
e¨vL¨v : 5 : 8 = 15 : x ev, 8 = x K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : ii. mwVK bq; KviY, 2 : 1 =6:2 µwgK mgvbycvZx bq
ev, 5x = 120 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
120
57. GKB D”PZv wewkó `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj I f‚wgi AbycvZ
ev, x = 5  x = 24 h_vµ‡g 21 : 24 I 7 : 8 n‡jÑ
41. 57 : 75 †K b : 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j, b Gi gvb KZ?(mnR) i. G‡ì‡K µwgK mgvbycv‡Z cÖKvk Kiv hvq
 0·76 L 1·32 M 1·5 N3 ii. Giv mgvbycvZx
a2 + b2
42. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j, b2 + c2 = KZ? (ga¨g) iii. †ÿÎdjØ‡qi AbycvZ f‚wgØ‡qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb
a c wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K ac 
c
M
a
N a+c K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
a2 + ac a(a + c) a e¨vL¨v : i. mwVK bq; KviY, µwgK mgvbycvwZK nIqvi Rb¨ me¸‡jv
e¨vL¨v : ac + c2 = c(a + c) = c ivwk GKRvZxq n‡Z n‡e|
43. b2 = ac n‡j (a2 + b2) : (a + c)c =? 58. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
(ga¨g
 a:c Lb:c M a:b N b:a i. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx ej‡Z †evSvq a : b = b : c
44. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j b †K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) ii. a : b = c : d-Gi µwgK mgvbycvZ b : a = d : c
K c~e© ivwk L DËi ivwk
iii. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` ac = b nq
2
M Z…Zxq mgvbycvwZ  ga¨mgvbycvZx

45. 5x I 6x Gi M.mv.¸. KZ? (mnR)
x L x2 M 30x N 30x2
46. Abycv‡Zi cÖ_g ivwk‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
59. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j-
a c
 c~e© ivwk L DËi ivwk i. ac = b2 ii. =
b b
M c~e© I DËi ivwk N wØZxq ivwk
iii. b : a = c : b
47. a, b I c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j c †K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K cÖ_g mgvbycvZx  Z…Zxq mgvbycvZx
M DËi mgvbycvZx N cÖvšÍ mgvbycvZx
60. x : y = 2 : 5 n‡jÑ
48. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| hw` a = 4, b = 6 nq Z‡e c = i. 2x : 3y = 4 : 15 ii. 4x : 6y = 8 : 30
KZ? (ga¨g) 3x 5y
K4 L6 9 N 24 iii.
2
: 3 = 3 : 25
49. `yBwU e„‡Ëi cwimxgvi AbycvZ 3 : 5, Zv‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 3:5 L 5:3  9 : 25 N 18 : 30
61. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e hw`Ñ
50. `yBwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges b n‡j, Zv‡ì KY©Ø‡qi a b
AbycvZ KZ? i. a2 = bc ii. =
b c
 a:b L a2 : b2 M a3 : b3 N a: b iii. ac − b2 = 0
51. `yBwU e‡M©i evû a I b GKK n‡j Zv‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
KZ? (mnR) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K ab : a2  a2 : b2 M a: b N a2 : ab2 62. i. a : b = c : d n‡j a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx
52. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i evûi I K‡Y©i ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g) ii. a : b = b : c n‡j b n‡jv ga¨ mgvbycvZx
 1: 2 L 2:1 M 1:2 N 2:1 iii. ac = b2 n‡j a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) a2 + b2
75. a : b = b : c n‡j, b2 + c2 = KZ? (KwVb)
a b a c
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K L  N
b c c a
e¨vL¨v : a : b = b : c
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 63 - 65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : a b a2 b2
ev, b = c ev, b2 = c2
21 eM© wg. I 35 eM© wg. †ÿÎdj wewkó AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g
a 2 + b2 b2 a 2 + b2 a2
3 wg. I 5 wg. ev, b2 + c2 = c2 ev, b2 + c2 = b2
63. 1g I 2q AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji Abycv‡Zi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) a 2 + b2 a2
ev, b2 + c2 = ac [ b2 = ac]
35 3 21 5 a 2 + b2 a
K
21

5
M
3
N
35  b2 + c2 = c
21 3
e¨vL¨v : 21 : 35 = 35 = 5 [7 Øviv fvM K‡i] 76. m : n = p : q n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡qvRb AbycvZ wb‡`©k
64. 1g I 2q AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) K‡i? (mnR)
 21 : 35 L 5:3 M 35 : 3 N 21 : 5 Kn:m=q:p Lm:p=n:q
e¨vL¨v : 3 : 5 = 21 : 35 [7 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] m+n q+p m−n p−q
M =  =
65. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Rb¨ Giv mgvbycvZx? (ga¨g) n q n q
21 5 35 5 21 3 35 21 77. m : n = p : q n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU †hvRb we‡qvRb AbycvZ
K =  = M = N = wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR)
35 3 21 3 5 35 3 5
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 66-68 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : m+n p+q m−n p−q
K = L =
GKwU ev‡·i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZvi AbycvZ 4 : 2 : 1. n q n q
66. Nbe¯‘i gvÎv¸‡jvi AbycvZ †Kvb ai‡bi AbycvZ? (mnR) 
m+n p+q
= N
n q
=
K ¸iæ AbycvZ L jNy AbycvZ m−n p+q m p
M wew”Qbœ AbycvZ N µwgK AbycvZ
x 2 −x + y
78. = n‡j
y 3 3x + 2y
= KZ? (KwVb)
67. gvÎv¸‡jvi Abycv‡Zi ga¨ mgvbycvZ †KvbwU? (mnR)
5
K1 2 M4 N6 K5 L6  N 3:4
4
68. gvÎv¸‡jvi Z…Zxq mgvbycvZ †KvbwU? (mnR)
K1 L2 4 N6 6x + y
e¨vL¨v : 3x + 2y =
y (6 xy + 1) = 6  23 + 1 = 5
x 2 4
y (3 + 2) 3  3 + 2
113 : Abycv‡Zi iƒcvšÍi y
79. a : b = c : d Gi e¨¯ÍKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi b d a c b c a d
 = L = M = N =
69. a : b = c : d n‡j Abycv‡Zi †Kvb ag© Abyhvqx b : a = d : c a c b d a d b c
80. 2 : 3 = 4 : 5 n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb iƒcvšÍiwU mwVK? (mnR)
n‡e? (mnR)
K 2:3=5:4 L 3:2=4:5
 e¨¯ÍKiY L GKvšÍiKiY M †hvRbN we‡qvRb  3:2=5:4 N 2:5=3:4
70. m : n = p : q n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKvšÍKiY AbycvZ 2 4 3 5
e¨vL¨v : 2 : 3 = 4 : 5; 3 = 5; 2 = 4 (e¨¯ÍKiY); 3 : 2 = 5 : 4
wb‡`©k K‡i? (mnR)
b+c c+a a+b
Kn:m=q:p  m:p=n:q 81. a
=
b
=
c
n‡j cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb KZ n‡e? (KwVb)
m+n p+q m−n p−q K4 L3 2 N1
M = N =
n q n q x y z x3 + y3 + z3
a 2
a +b 2 82. k = = = n‡j 3 KZ? (mnR)
71. b
= 2 n‡j, 2
a – b2
Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) a b c a + b3 + c3
xyz xyz xyz xyz
1 3 5 7 K L M 
K L  N 2abc 3abc 4abc abc
2 5 3 9 83. 3x : 5y = 1 : 2 n‡j, x : y = KZ? (ga¨g)
a a2 a 2 + b2 4 + 1 5
e¨vL¨v : b = 2 ev, b2 = 4 ev, a2 − b2 = 4 − 1 = 3  5:6 L 6:5 M 3:5 N 5 : 12
a c e 2 a+c+e 1 1
72. b = d = f = 3 n‡j, b + d + f Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 84. = †K we‡qvRb Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e?
a b
(mnR)
1 3 2 1 1−a 1−b 1−a 1−b
K L  N  = L =
2 2 3 4 a b b a
a+c+e 2+2+2 6 2 M 1 − ab N 1−a=1−b
e¨vL¨v : b + d + f = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 = 3
a+b c+d enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
73. a : b = c : d n‡j,
b
=
d
†K Kx cÖwµqv e‡j? (mnR)
 †hvRb L we‡qvRb
i. a : b = c : d n‡j b : a = d : c
M †hvRb-we‡qvRb N we‡qvRb-†hvRb
ii. a : b = c : d n‡j (a + b) : (a − b) = (c + d) : (c − d)
74. 11 : 5 = 44 : 20 Gi †hvRb-we‡qvRb dj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) a c e a+c+e
16 24 8 32 64 16 8 12 iii. = = n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbycvZ
K =  = M = N = b d f b+d+f
6 64 3 12 6 24 3 32 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
11 44 11 + 5 44 + 20
e¨vL¨v : 5 = 20 ; = [†hvRb-we‡qvRb] K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
11 − 5 44 − 20 86. a : b = c : d n‡jÑ
16 64 8 32
ev, 6
=
24
ev, 3 = 12
a–b c–d a d 42 7 42  2
i. = ii. = e¨vL¨v : =
y 2
ev, y = 7
ev, y = 12
b d b–a d–c
a2 c2 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 92-94 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. 2 = 2 1 − x3 (1 + x)
b d 16
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 1 + x = (1 − x)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 92. (1 + x)4 : (1 − x)4 = KZ? (ga¨g)
87. a : b = c : d n‡jÑ  16 : 1 L 12 : 1 M 8:1 N 4:1
i. b : a = d : c (e¨¯ÍKiY) 93. (1 − x) : (1 + x) = KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. a : c = b : d (GKvšÍiKiY)  1:2 L 2:3 M 2:1 N 3:2
iii. ad = bc (Avo¸Yb) 94. x Gi gvb KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K2 L
1

1
N
1
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 2 3 4
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 95-97bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
88. a = 2, b = 4 Ges c = 8 n‡j− a c
i. a:b=b:c = GKwU mgvbycvZ Ges c : d = 3 : 2
2 b d
a+b a2 + 2ab + b2
ii. ( )
b+c
= 2
b + 2bc + c2
a+c
95. b + d Gi gvb †KvbwU? (mnR)
a − b a − 2ab + b2
2
iii. 
2 1 3 2
K5 L  N
b − c = b2 − 2bc + c2 5 2 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) a+b
96. a − b Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 3 2
5 L M N
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 5 2 3
97. ad : bc = KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 89-91 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 9 3
wcZv Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 2 Ges 5 eQi c‡i K 2:3 1 N M
4 2
Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 8 : 3 n‡e| wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 98-100 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
89. wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm x eQi Ges cy‡Îi eqm y eQi n‡j 1g a = 4xy n‡jÑ
kZ© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) x+y
a + 2x
x 7 x 2 x+5 7 x+5 8 98. a – 2y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 = L = M = N =
y 2 y 7 y+5 2 y+5 3 x(x + 3y) x + 2y x–3y x – 3y
90. 2q kZ© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 
y(x – y)
L
x – 2y
M
x + 3y
N
x + 2y
5x 8 x 7 a + 2y
K =
3y 3
L
y
+5=
2 99. a – 2y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
x+5 3 x+5 8 x+y 3x + y x – 2y 3x – y
M =  = K L M 
y+5 8 y+5 3 x–y x –y x + 3y x+y
91. wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm 42 eQi n‡j cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm KZ a a
100. 2x : 2y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
eQi? (ga¨g)
 y:x L x:y M x + y : x –y N 1
K 10  12 M 14 N 16

101. a : b = 2 : 3 Ges a : c = 3 : 4 n‡j b : c = ? a c
K a : b = a : c  b2 = ac M a2 = bc N =
K 1:2 L 3:4 M 8:9  9:8 c b
a2 + b2
102. a : b = b : c n‡j, b2 + c2 = ? 107. a : b = c : d Gi GKvšÍiKiY †KvbwU?
K a:d=b:c  a:c=b:d
a b a c M ac = bd N b:a=d:c
K
b
L
c

c
N
a 108. `yBwU m¤ú~iK †Kv‡Yi cwigv‡ci AbycvZ 3 : 7 n‡j e„nËg
x 2 7x + y †KvY KZ?
103. y = 3 n‡j 5x + 2y = KZ? K 121 L 124  126 N 139
11 13 15 17 109. x : y Gi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK n‡eÑ
K L M  1 1
16 16 16 16
K x:y  y:x M : N x: y
104. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| hw` a = 4, b = 6 nq Z‡e c = x y
KZ? a c
110. b = d Gi GKvšÍiKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K4 L6 9 N 24
105. x : y = 2 : 3 n‡j 3x : 4y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K =
a d
L
c d
= M ac = bd 
a b
=
 1:2 L 2:1 M 2:3 N 3:4 d c d a c d
106. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 111. wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi AbycvZ c‡i 7 : 2, 5 eQi
Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 8 : 3 n‡e| wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm KZ?
 35 eQi L 28 eQi M 45 eQi N 30 eQi
112. x : y = 5 : 6 n‡j, 3x : 5y = KZ?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 1:2 L 2:1 M 1:3 N 2:3 119. wb‡Pi †KvbwU µwgK mgvbycvZx?
113. †KvbwU mgvbycvZ? i. a : b = b : c
K 1:2=3:4  2 : 5 = 6 : 15
ii. a : c = b : a
M 4:6=9:4 N 10 : 5 = 5 : 10
iii. b2 = ac
114. 3 : 6 †K b : 1 Abycv‡Zi cÖKvk Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1
K 3:6 L 6:3 M 1:2 Ki
 :1 L iii M ii I iii  i I iii
2
115. m I n Gi AbycvZ x I y-Gi Abycv‡Zi mgvb n‡j wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 120-122 bs cÖ
‡ kœ i DËi `vI :
cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbycvZ †KvbwUi mgvb? GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Î GKwU e„Ë AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q|
mn mn m+n m+x 120. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evû I e„ËwUi e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ KZ?
K L M  K 1:2  2:1 M 1:1 N 1:3
n xy x+y n+y
116. 3x : 5y = 1 : 2 n‡j x : y = KZ? 121. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv I e„‡Ëi cwiwai AbycvZ KZ?
K 6:5 L 1:2  5:6 N 3:5  4: L :4 M 2: N :2
117. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e hw`Ñ 122. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi KY© I e„‡Ëi e¨v‡mi AbycvZ KZ?
a b K 1:2 L1: 2 M 2:1  2:1
i. a2 = bc ii. =
b c wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 123 I 124 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. ac − b2 = 0 wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 2 Ges 5 eQi c‡i Zv‡ì
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? eq‡mi AbycvZ 8 : 3 n‡e|
123. wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm KZ?
K 25 eQi L 30 eQi
i. mgvbycv‡Zi PviwU ivwkB GK RvZxq nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv
 35 eQi N 40 eQi
ii. GKB D”PZv wewkó `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdjØ‡qi AbycvZ
f‚wgØ‡qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb 124. cy ‡ Îi eZ© gvb eqm KZ?
iii. a : b = c : d Gi e¨¯ÍKiY a : c = b : d K 5 eQi  10 eQi M 15 eQi N 20 eQi

œ 1  a : b Ges 35 : 56 `yBwU AbycvZ|
cÖk- 3a 15
ev, 5b = 30
K. mgvbycvZ Kx? 2 3a 1
L. 2q AbycvZwU‡K 1 : x Ges y : 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 4 ev, 5b = 2
M. 1g AbycvZwU 5 : 6 n‡j, 3a : 5b = KZ? 4  3a : 5b = 1 : 2 (Ans.)
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 2  GKwU j¨v¤ú‡cv÷ †_‡K p wgUvi `~‡i ùvov‡bv r wgUvi
cÖk-
K. hw` PviwU ivwk Giƒc nq †h, cÖ_g I wØZxq ivwki AbycvZ D”PZv wewkó GK e¨w³i Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ s wgUvi| j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i
D”PZv h wgUvi|
Z…Zxq I PZz_© ivwki Abycv‡Zi mgvb nq, Z‡e H PviwU ivwk
wb‡q GKwU mgvbycvZ Drcbœ nq| a, b, c, d Giƒc PviwU ivwk K. Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K m¤¢ve¨ wPÎ AuvK| 2
L. H e¨w³ j¨v¤ú‡cv÷ †_‡K KZ wgUvi `~‡i ùvov‡bv wQj? 4
n‡j Avgiv wjwL a : b = c : d|
M. gvZv I Kb¨vi eZ©gvb eq‡mi mgwó Qvqvi ˆ`‡N©ï
35 56
L. wØZxq AbycvZ, 35 : 56 = 35 : 35 = 1 : 16 mgvb Ges t eQi c~‡e© Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ wQj
= 1 : x [ hLb x = 16 ] e¨w³i D”PZv I j¨v¤ú‡cv÷ †_‡K e¨w³i `~i‡Z¡i
 35 : 56 †K 1 : x AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv|
Abycv‡Zi mgvb| x eQi c‡i Zv‡ì eq‡mi
AbycvZ KZ n‡e? 4
35 56
Avevi, 35 : 56 = 56 : 56 = 0625 : 1  2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
[ hLb y = 0625 ]
=y:1 K.
 35 : 56 †K y : 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv| h
r
M. 1g AbycvZ = a : b
cÖkœg‡Z, a : b = 5 : 6 A
p B s
C
a
ev, b = 6
5 A we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i D”PZv h wgUvi| A †_‡K p
wgUvi `~‡i B we›`y‡Z ùvov‡bv r wgUvi D”PZv wewkó GK
3a
ev, b = 6
15 e¨w³i Qvqvi ˆ`N©¨ BC = s wgUvi|
 j¨v¤ú‡cv÷ †_‡K Qvqvi cÖvšÍ we›`yi `~iZ¡ = AB + BC
= (p + s) wgUvi
L. †h‡nZz Qvqv, D”PZvi mgvbycvwZK a − t b − t a + b − 2t s − 2t
= = =
AZGe, h : r = (p + s) : s r p r+p r+p
h p+s (s − 2t)r
ev, r = s a−t=
r+p
ev, r (p + s) = hs (s − 2t)r (s − 2t)p
hs
ev, a = r + p + t Ges b − t = r + p
ev, p + s = r (s − 2t)p
hs
ev, b = r + p + t
ev, p = r − s a+x
x eQi c‡i gvZv I Kb¨vi eq‡mi AbycvZ = b + x
h
p= ( )
r
−1 s (s − 2t)r
+t+x
h r+p
 j¨v¤ú‡cv÷ †_‡K H e¨w³ ( )
r
−1 wgUvi `~‡i ùvov‡bv wQj|(Ans.) =
(s − 2t)p
+t+x
M. g‡b Kwi, gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm a eQi Ges Kb¨vi eZ©gvb eqm r+p
b eQi| Zvn‡j,  x eQi c‡i gvZv I Kb¨vi eq‡mi AbycvZ n‡e
cÖkœvbymv‡i, a + b = s ...................... (i) (s − 2t)r  (s − 2t)p 
 + t + x :  + t + x (Ans.)
a−t r  r+p   r+p 
= ...................... (ii)
b−t p
a−t r
=
b−t p
†_‡K cvB,

œ 3  wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 2 Ges 5 eQi c‡i
cÖk- =7:2
Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 8 : 3 n‡e| Zv‡ì †gvU Avq 28080 UvKv| = (7  4) : (2  4)
K. Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ivwk x n‡j 5 eQi ci wcZv I = 28 : 8
cy‡Îi eqm KZ n‡e? 2 Ges cyÎ I Kb¨vi Av‡qi AbycvZ= 8 : 3
L. eZ©gv‡b Kvi eqm KZ? 4 wcZv, cyÎ I Kb¨vi Av‡qi AbycvZ = 28 : 8 : 3
M. wcZv I cy‡Îi Av‡qi AbycvZ Zv‡ì eZ©gvb eq‡mi Abycv‡Zi msL¨v¸‡jvi †hvMdj =28 + 8 + 3 = 39
Abycv‡Zi mgvb Ges cyÎ I Kb¨vi Av‡qi AbycvZ 5 28
eQi c‡i wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi Abycv‡Zi mgvb|
 (
wcZvi Av‡qi cwigvY = 28080  39 UvKv )
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Av‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 4 = 720  28 UvKv = 20160 UvKv
8
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cy‡Îi
Av‡qi cwigvY = 28080  39 UvKv ( )
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ivwk = x = (720  8) UvKv = 5760 UvKv
 wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm =7x eQi Ges Kb¨vi Av‡qi cwigvY = UvKv
Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm = 2x eQi = 720  3 UvKv = 2160 UvKv
myZivs 5 eQi c‡i wcZvi eqm n‡e (7x + 5) eQi wcZvi Avq 20160 UvKv, cy‡Îi 5760 UvKv, Kb¨vi 2160
Ges 5 eQi c‡i cy‡Îi eqm n‡e (2x + 5) eQi (Ans.) UvKv| (Ans.)
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, wcZvi eqm (7x + 5) eQi Ges cy‡Îi eqm cÖk-œ 4  wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi mgwó 75 eQi| Zv‡ì
(2x + 5) eQi eq‡mi AbycvZ t eQi c~‡e© wQj r : p.
cÖkœg‡Z, (7x + 5) : (2x + 5) = 8 : 3 K. µwgK mgvbycvZx Kx? 2
7x + 5 8 L. s = 75, t = 5, r = 9, p = 4 n‡j, wcZv I cy‡Îi
ev, 2x + 5 = 3 eZ©gvb eqm KZ? 4
ev, 3 (7x + 5) = 8 (2x + 5) [Avo¸Yb K‡i] M. x eQi c‡i wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ KZ
ev, 21x + 15 = 16x + 40 n‡e? 4
ev, 21x −16x = 40 −15  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, 5x = 25
x=5 K. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx ej‡Z †evSvq a : b = b : c. a, b, c
 wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm = 7  5 = 35 eQi µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` b2 = ac nq| µwgK
Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm = 2  5 = 10 eQi mgvbycv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î me¸‡jv ivwk GK RvZxq n‡Z n‡e|
wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm 35 eQi Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm 10 eQi| L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
(Ans.) wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi mgwó 75 eQi| Zv‡ì eq‡mi
M. cÖkœg‡Z, wcZv I cy‡Îi Av‡qi AbycvZ AbycvZ 5 eQi c~‡e© wQj 9 : 4. [ t = 5, r : p = 9 : 4]
= 35 : 10 [ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB]
g‡b Kwi, wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm x eQi
 cy‡Îi " " (75 − x) eQi
(1 1 1
)
L. cÖgvY Ki, a2b2c2 a3 + b3 + c3 = a3 + b3 + c3 4
abc(a + b + c)3
 cuvP eQi c~‡e© wcZvi eqm wQj (x − 5) eQi M. cÖgvY Ki, (ab + bc + ca)3 = 1 4
cuvP eQi c~‡e© cy‡Îi eqm wQj (75 − x − 5) eQi  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= (70 − x) eQi K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx
x−5 9 a:b=b:c
cÖkœg‡Z, 70 − x = 4
a b
ev, b = c
ev, 630 − 9x = 4x − 20
ev, 13x = 650 ev, ac = b2
650 ev, b2 = ac ..................... (i)
ev, x = 13 awi, a = 2, b = 4 I c = 8
 x = 50 (i) n‡Z cvB, ac = 2  8 = 16
 wcZvi eqm 50 eQi Ges b2 = 42 = 16
Ges cy‡Îi eqm (75 − 50) eQi = 25 eQi| (Ans.)  b2 = ac ev, 42 = 2  8
2 4
M. g‡b Kwi, wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm a eQi ev, 4 = 8
Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm b eQi  2, 4, 8 µwgK mgvbycvZx| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
cÖkœg‡Z, a + b = s ........................ (i) 1 1 1
a−t r
= .........................(ii)
L. (
evgcÿ = a2b2c2 a3 + b3 + c3 )
b−t p a2b2c2 a2b2c2 a2b2c2
= 3 + + 3
a−t b−t a b3 c
(ii) n‡Z cvB, = ....................(iii) b (ac) b (ac)2 b2(ac)2
2 2 2
r p
= + +
a−t b−t a3 b3 c3
(iii) n‡Z cvB, = ac(ac) b (b ) (ac)(ac)2
2 2 2 2
r p = + + [b2 = ac]
a−t r a3 b3 c3
ev, b − t = p 3 3
ac b ac 6 3 3
= 3 + 3 + 3 = c3 + b3 + a3
a−t+b−t r+p a b c
ev, b −t
=
p
[†hvRb K‡i] = a + b + c = Wvbcÿ
3 3 3
a + b − 2t r + p
ev, b − t = p (1 1 1
)
A_©vr a2b2c2 a3 + b3 + c3 = a3 + b3 + c3 (cÖgvwYZ)
a + b − 2t b − t abc(a + b + c)3
ev, r + p = p M. evgcÿ = (ab + bc + ca)3
s − 2t b − t abc(a + b + c)3
ev, r + p = p =
(ab + bc + b2)3
b − t s − 2t bac(a + b + c)3 b.b2(a + b + c)3
ev, p = r + p.............. (iv) = =
{b(a + c + b)}3 b3(a + c + b)3
3 3
p(s − 2t) b (a + b + c)
ev, b − t = r + p = 3
b (a + b + c)3
p(s − 2t) = 1 = Wvbcÿ
b= +t abc(a + b + c)3
r+p A_©vr (ab + bc + ca)3 = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
a − t s − 2t
Avevi, (iii) I (iv) n‡Z cvB r = r + p 1+x+ 1−x
œ 6
cÖk- =p
r(s − 2t) 1+x− 1−x
ev, a − t = r + p
K. p = 1 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? 2
r(s − 2t) 2p
a= +t L. cÖgvY Ki †h, p2 − x + 1 = 0 4
r+p
x eQi c‡i wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ, 2+ 2
M. p= n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
 r(s − st) + t + x  2− 2
a+x  r+p
b + x p(s − 2t)  (Ans.)  6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
=
 r + p + t + x
1+x+ 1−x
œ 5  hw` a, b I c µwgK mgvbycvZx nq Z‡eÑ
cÖk- K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, = p ............(i)
1+x− 1−x
K. †`LvI †h, b2 = ac Ges 2, 4 I 8 µwgK mgvbycvZx| 2 p = 1 n‡j (i) †_‡K cvB,
1+x+ 1−x 2
ev, x = 6
=1
1+x− 1−x
1
ev, 1 + x + 1 − x = 1 + x − 1 − x  x = 3 (Ans.)
ev, 1 + x + 1 − x − 1 + x + 1 − x = 0 1+a+ 1−a
ev, 2 1 − x = 0 œ 7
cÖk- =m n‡j−
1+a− 1−a
ev, 1 − x = 0 1+a
ev, 1 − x = 0 K. Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
1−a
 x = 1 (Ans.) 2m
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, L. cÖgvY Ki †h, m2 + 1 = a 4
1+x+ 1−x 2
M. a = 3 n‡j, m Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| ÔLÕ Gi mZ¨Zv
=p
1+x− 1−x
cÖgvY Ki| 4
1+x+ 1−x+ 1+x− 1−x p+1
ev, =  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
1 +x+ 1−x− 1+x+ 1−x p−1
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
2 1+x p+1 1−a
ev, = 1+a+
2 1−x p−1 1+a− 1−a
=m
1+x p+1 1−a+ 1+a− 1−a m+1
ev, = ev,
1+a+
1−x p−1 1+a+ 1−a− 1+a+
=
1−a m−1
1 + x (p + 1)2
ev, = [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i] [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
1 − x (p − 1)2
2 2 1+a m+1
ev,
1 + x p + 2p + 1 ev, =
=
1 − x p2 − 2p + 1 2 1−a m−1
1 + x + 1 − x p2 + 2p + 1 + p2 − 2p + 1 1+a m+1
ev, =
1 + x − 1 + x p2 + 2p + 1 − p2 + 2p − 1  = (Ans.)
1−a m−1
[†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i] L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB,
2 2(p2 + 1)
ev, 2x = 2.2p 1+a m+1
=
1 p2 + 1 1−a m−1
ev, x = 2p
ev, 
1 + a (m + 1)2
2
= [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
2p
ev, x = p2 + 1  1 − a (m − 1)2
1 + a m2 + 2m + 1
2p ev, 1 − a = m2 − 2m + 1
 p2 − x + 1 = 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
1 + a + 1 − a m2 + 2m + 1 + m2 − 2m + 1
2+ 2 ev, 1 + a − 1 + a = m2 + 2m + 1 − m2 + 2m − 1
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p =
2− 2 [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, 2 2(m2 + 1)
ev, 2a = 2.2m
1+x+ 1−x
=p 1 m2 + 1
1+x− 1−x ev, a = 2m
1+x+ 1−x 2+ 2 2m
ev, =  m2 + 1 = a . (cÖgvwYZ)
1+x− 1−x 2− 2
1+x+ 1−x+ 1+x− 1−x 2+ 2+2− 2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
ev, = 1+a+ 1−a
1+x+ 1−x− 1+x+ 1−x 2+ 2−2+ 2 =m
1+a− 1−a
2 1 + x 2.2
ev, = 2 2
2 1 − x 2. 2 1+ + 1−
3 3
ev,
1+x 2
=
ev,
2
1+ − 1−
2
=m [a = 23 gvb ewm‡q]
1−x 2 3 3
1+x 4 1 1
ev, 1−x 2
= [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i] +
3 3
ev, 2 + 2x = 4 − 4x [Avo¸Y K‡i] ev, =m
5 1
ev, 2x + 4x = 4 − 2 −
3 3
ev, 6x = 2
 5 1  5 1  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 

 3
+
3  3
+
3
ev, =m a+b c+d
 5
−
1 5 1 K. †hvRb : a : b = c : d n‡j b = d
 3 3 3
+
3
a−b c−d
 5 + 1
2
we‡qvRb : a : b = c : d n‡j b = d
 3 3
ev, 2=m 1 1 2
  −  1
2
5 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = x
 3  3
b+a 2
5 1
+ + 2.
51
.
ev, ab = x
3 3 33
ev, =m ab x
5 1
− ev, b + a = 2 [wecixZKiY K‡i]
3 3
x 2b
5+1+2 5 ev, a = a + b .....................(i)
3
ev, 5 − 1 = m x+a 2b + a + b
ev, x − a = 2b − a − b [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
3
6+2 5 3 x+a 3b + a
ev, 3  4 = m ev, x − a = b − a ...............(ii)
2(3 + 5) x 2b
ev, 2.2 = m Avevi, (i) bs †_‡K, a = a + b
(3 + 5) x 2a
ev, m = 2 (Ans.) ev, b = a + b
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x + b 2a + a + b
2m ev, x − b = 2a − a − b [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
m2 +1=
a x+b 3a + b
evgcÿ = m2 + 1 ev, x − b = a − b ..............(iii)
=
3 + 5
2
(ii) I (iii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
 2  +1
x + a x + b a + 3b 3a + b
9 + 5 + 2. 3. 5 + = +
= +1 x−a x−b b−a a−b
4
a + 3b 3a + b a + 3b − 3a − b
14 + 6 5 = − =
=
4
+1 b−a b−a (b − a)
14 + 6 5 + 4 2b − 2a 2(b − a)
= = =2
=
4 b−a (b − a)
18 + 6 5 x+a x+b
=  + = 2 (Ans.)
4 x−a x−b
6(3 + 5) 3(3 + 5) M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, p2x − 2p + x = 0
= =
4 2 ev, p2x + x = 2p
2m
Wvbcÿ = a ev, x(p2 + 1) = 2p
2 . (3 + 5) 2p
ev, p2 + 1 = x
2
=
2
[m I a Gi gvb ewm‡q] p2 + 1 1
ev, 2p = x
3
3(3 + 5) p2 + 1 + 2p 1+x
= 2
ev, p2 + 1 − 2p = 1 − x [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (p + 1)2 1+x
ev, (p − 1)2 = 1 − x
 ÔLÕ Gi mZ¨Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡jv|
œ 8  wb‡Pi MvwYwZK mgxKiY¸‡jv ch©‡eÿY Ki|
cÖk- p+1
ev, p − 1 =
1+x
[eM©g~j K‡i]
1−x
1 1 2
+ = Ges p2x − 2p + x = 0| p+1+p−1 1+x+ 1−x
a b x
ev, p + 1 − p + 1 =
K. †hvRb I we‡qvRb Kx? 2 1+x− 1−x
L.
x+a x+b
cÖ_g mgxKiY †_‡K x − a + x − b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 2p 1+x+ 1−x
ev, 2 =
1+x− 1−x
M. wØZxq mgxKiY †_‡K †`LvI †h,
1+x+ 1−x
1+x+ 1−x p= (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
p= . 4 1+x− 1−x
1+x− 1−x
a c
œ 9  b = d n‡jÑ
cÖk- L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
a3 + b3
K. †Kvb k‡Z©i Av‡jv‡K, a, b, c, d µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡e? 2 a−b+c
= a (a + b)
a3 + b3 b3 + c3 (a + b) (a2 − ab + b2)
L. †`LvI †h, b3 + c3 = c3 + d3 4 ev, = a (a + b)
a −b + c
M. †`LvI †h, (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 4 a2 − ab + b2
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, a − b + c = a [Dfqcÿ‡K (a + b) Øviv fvM K‡i]
a b ev, a2 − ab + b2 = a(a − b + c)
K. hw` a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx nq, Z‡e b = c ....... (i)
ev, a2 − ab + b2 = a2 − ab + ac
b c
Avevi, b, c, d hw` µwgK mgvbycvZx nq, Z‡e c = d .... (ii) ev, a2 − ab + b2 − a2 + ab = ac
a b c ev, b2 = ac
(i) I (ii) bs n‡Z cvB, b = c = d hv, GKwU µwgK mgvbycvZx| a b
a b c ev, b = c
 = = wb‡Y©q kZ©|
b c d  a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvwZK| (cÖgvwYZ)
a b c
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, b = c = d ............... (i) M. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 14 bs mgvavb †`L|
a b c
awi, b = c = d = k 1−x
œ 11  †Ìqv Av‡Q, 811 + x = 1 − x
3
1+x
cÖk-
ev, a = bk, b = ck, c = dk ......... (ii)
2
K. 1 − x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
a3 + b3 b3k3 + b3 1+x
evgcÿ = b3 + c3 = c3k3 + c3 [ a = bk Ges b = ck] 2
b (k + 1) b3
3 3
L. DÏxcK I ÔKÕ eënvi K‡i x Gi m¤¢ve¨ gvb¸‡jv
= 3 3 =
c (k + 1) c3
3
wbY©q Ki| 4
b a+b−c
b3
+
Wvbcÿ = c + d =
3
( k)
c3
3
b3 +
3 [ b = ck Ges c = dk]
M. x Gi ¶z`ªZg gvbwU hw` c„_Kfv‡e a+b
,
c
c +( ) b+c−a c+a−b
k
3
b+c
Ges c + a Gi mgvb nq Z‡e cÖgvY
1
b (1 + )3 Ki †h, a = b = c. 4
3
k 3
=
1
=
b
c 3  11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
c (1 + )3
1−x
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 811 + x = 1 − x
3 3
k 1+x
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
a3 + b3 b3 + c3 4
A_©vr b3 + c3 = c3 + d3 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, 1 − x = 81
1+x
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, a = bk, b = ck, c = dk
 1+x 
2 2
evgcÿ = (a2 + b2 + c2)(b2 + c2 + d2) ev, 1 − x  = 92
= (b2k2 + c2k2 + d2k2)(b2 + c2 + d2)  
= k2(b2 + c2 + d2)2 2
ev, 1 − x = 9
Wvbcÿ = (ab + bc + cd)2 1+x
[ eM©g~j K‡i ]
= (bk.b + ck.c + dk.d)2
= (b2k + c2k + d2k)2 1+x 2
 
= k2(b2 + c2 + d2)2
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
1 − x = 9 (Ans.)
1+x 2
A_©vr (a2 + b2 + c2)(b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, 1 − x = 9
1+x
œ 10  wZbwU µwgK mgvbycvwZK ivwk a, b, c n‡jÑ
cÖk- ev, 1 − x =  3 [ eM©g~j K‡i ]
K. †`LvI †h, b2 = ac 2 1+x 1+x
a3 + b3 nq, 1 − x = 3 A_ev, 1 − x = − 3
L. a−b+c
= a (a + b) n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖ`Ë
ev, 1 + x = 3 − 3x ev, − 3 + 3x = 1 + x
ivwk wZbwU µwgK mgvbycvwZK| 4
a2 + b2 (a + b)2 ev, x + 3x = 3 − 1 ev, 3x − x = 1 + 3
M. =
b2 + c2 (b + c)2
n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖ`Ë ivwk ev, 4x = 2 ev, 2x = 4
wZbwU µwgK mgvbycvwZK| 4 2 4
ev, x = 4 ev, x = 2
K. Avgiv Rvwb, 1
x= x=2
2
a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvwZK n‡j, a : b = b : c
1
a b
ev, b = c  b2 = ac (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) x Gi gvb 2 A_ev, 2
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß x Gi ¶z`ªZi gvbwU 2

a+b−c b+c−a c+a−b K. cÖkœg‡Z, d : e = e : f = f : g
GLb a+b
,
b+c
Ges c + a Gi gvb c„_K d e f
ev, e = f = g = k
1
c„_Kfv‡e 2 n‡j, f
GLb, g = k ev, f = gk
a+b−c 1 b+c−a 1
= = e
a+b 2 b+c 2 Avevi, f = k ev, e = fk = gk.k = gk2
ev, 2a + 2b − 2c = a + b ev, 2b + 2c − 2a = b + c d
ev, a + b = 2c ev, b + c = 2a Ges e = k ev, d = ek = gk2.k = gk3

a+b
= 2 ....... (i) 
b+c
= 2 ...... (ii) d, e, f †K g Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv|
c a L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, f = kg, e = gk2 Ges d = gk3
c+a−b 1
Ges c + a = 2 evgcÿ = (d2 + e2 + f2) (e2 + f2 + g2)
ev, 2c + 2a − 2b = c + a = {(gk3)2 + (gk2)2 + (gk)2} {(gk2)2 + (gk)2 + g2}
ev, c + a = 2b = (g2k6 + g2k4 + g2k2} {g2k4 + g2k2 + g2}
c+a = g2k2 (k4 + k2 + 1)  g2 (k4 + k2 + 1)
 = 2 ......... (iii) = g4k2 (k4 + k2 + 1)2
b
 (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB, Wvbcÿ = (de + ef + fg)2
a+b b+c c+a = (gk3. gk2 + gk2 . gk + gk.g)2
= =
c a b = (g2k5 + g2k3 + g2k)2
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c = {g2k(k4 + k2 + 1)}2
ev, c = a = b [†hvRb K‡i]
= g4k2(k4 + k2 + 1)2
1 1 1  (d2 + e2 + f2) (e2 + f2 + g2) = (de + ef + fg)2 (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, c = a = b
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
ev, c = a = b 2m
 a = b = c (cÖgvwYZ) m2 − +1=p
n
a+b−c b + c −a c+a−b 2m
ev, m2 − n + 1 = 0 [p Gi gvb ewm‡q]
œ 12  hw` a + b = b + c = c + a nq Z‡e,
cÖk-
2m
K. cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, m2 + 1 = n
L. †`LvI †h, a + b + c  0 n‡j, a = b = c 4 m2 + 1 1
M. (a + b + c) p = (b + c −a) q = (c + a − b) r = (a ev, 2m = n
1 1 1 1 m2 + 1 + 2m 1 + n
+ b − c) s n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, q + r + s = p 4 ev, m2 + 1 − 2m = 1 − n [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
2
(m + 1) 1 + n
ev, (m − 1)2 = 1 − n
a + b − c b + c −a c + a −b m+1 1+n
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a +b
=
b+c
=
c+a ev, m − 1 =
1−n
je¸‡jvi mgwó m+1+m−1 1+n+ 1−n
 cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb = ni¸‡jvi mgwó ev, m + 1 − m + 1 =
1+n− 1−n
a + b −c + b + c − a + c + a −b
= 2m 1+n+ 1−n
a + b + b+ c + c + a ev, 2 =
(a + b + c) 1+n− 1−n
= 1+n+ 1−n
2 (a + b + c)
 m= (cÖgvwYZ)
1
= (Ans.) 1+n− 1−n
2
œ 14  wcZv I cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eq‡mi mgwó s eQi, n eQi c~‡e©
cÖk-
L. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 17 bs mgvavb †`L| Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ wQj p : q.
M. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 19 bs mgvavb †`L| K. AbycvZ ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
2m
L. s = 75, n = 5, p = 9 Ges q = 4 n‡j wcZv I cy‡Îi
œ 13  d, e, f, g µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j Ges m2 − n + 1 = p.
cÖk- eq‡mi AbycvZ KZ? 4
K. d, e, f †K 'g' Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 M. 50 eQi c‡i wcZv I cy ‡Îi eq‡mi Aby cvZ KZ n‡e? 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (d + e + f ) (e + f + g ) = (de +
2 2 2 2 2 2  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ef + fg)2 4 K. GKB GK‡K mgRvZxq `yBwU ivwki cwigv‡Yi GKwU AciwUi
1+n+ 1−n KZ ¸Y ev KZ Ask Zv GKwU fMœvsk Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
M. p = 0 n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, m = 4
1+n− 1−n GB fMœvskwU‡K ivwk `yBwUi AbycvZ e‡j|
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi mgwó, s = 75 eQi b2 + c2 + 2bc − b2 − c2 a2 + b2 + 2ab − a2 − b2
ev, =
n ev 5 eQi c~‡e© Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ wQj = p : q = 9 : 4 b 2 + c2 a2 + b2
awi, wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm x eQi Ges ev,
2bc 2ab
cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm (75 − x) eQi b2 + c2 = a2 + b2
cÖkœg‡Z, (x − 5) : (75 − x − 5) = 9 : 4 ev,
c a
x−5 9 b2 + c2 = a2 + b2
ev, 70 − x = 4 ev, a2c + b2c = ab2 + ac2
ev, 4x − 20 = 630 − 9x ev, a2c − ac2 = ab2 − b2c
ev, 4x + 9x = 630 + 20 ev, ac(a − c) = b2(a − c)
ev, 13x = 650 ev, b2 = ac
650
ev, x = 13 a b
 b = c (cÖgvwYZ)
 x = 50 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
 wcZvi eqm 50 eQi| a b
cy‡Îi eqm (75 − 50) eQi = 25 eQi| =
b c
 wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ = 50 : 25 = 2 : 1 (Ans.) ev, b2 = ac ...................(i)
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, a+b
2
a2 + 2ab + b2
wcZvi eqm = 50 eQi Ges cy‡Îi eqm = 25 eQi
 50 eQi ci wcZvi eqm n‡e (50 + 50) eQi
( )
evgcÿ = b + c = b2 + 2bc + c2
a2 + 2ab + ac a(a + 2b + c) a
ev, 100 eQi = = =
ac + 2bc + c2 c(a + 2b + c) c
Ges 50 eQi ci cy‡Îi eqm n‡e (25 + 50) eQi 2 2 2
a + b a + ac a(a + c) a
ev, 75 eQi Wvbcÿ = = =
b2 + c2 ac + c2 c(a + c) c
=
 50 eQi ci wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ = 100 : 75  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ

= 4 : 3 (Ans.) 2 2 2
œ 15 
cÖk-
a2 + b2
M= 2
b + c2
,N=
(a + b)2
(b + c)2
,P=
a3 + b3
a−b+c
,
( ) = ab ++ bc . (cÖgvwYZ)
A_©vr b + c
a+b
2 2
x y z
Q = a(a + b)| œ 16  †Ìqv Av‡Q, y + z = z + x = x + y = k Ges x, y I z
cÖk-
K. P = Q n‡j †`LvI †h, a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| 2 ci¯úi Amgvb|
a b
L. M = N n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, b = c . 4 K. x, y I z †K k Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
a+b
2
a2 + b2 L. ÔKÕ eënvi K‡i cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. ÔLÕ Gi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI †h, b + c ( ) =
b2 + c2
4 x y z
M. xa + yb + zc = ya + zb + xc = za + xb + yc Ges
x+y+z0 n‡j †`LvI †h, cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb
a3 + b3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, P=
a−b+c
, Q = a (a + b) 1
. 4
a+b+c
GLb, P = Q
a3 + b3  16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, a − b + c = a(a + b)
x y z
(a + b)(a2 − ab + b2) K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, y + z = z + x = x + y = k
ev, a−b+c
= a(a + b)
x y
a − ab + b
2 2
y+z
=k
z+x
=k
ev, a − b + c = a
x = k(y + z).......... (i) y = k(z + x) ......... (ii)
ev, a2 − ab + b2 = a2 − ab + ac z
ev, a2 − ab + b2 − a2 + ab = ac =k
x+y
ev, b2 = ac z = k(x + y) .......... (iii)
a b  x = k(y + z), y = k(z + x), z = k(x +y)
ev, b = c
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,
ev, a : b = b : c x + y + z = k(y + z + z + x + x + y)
 a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) ev, (x + y + z) = k{2(x + y + z)}
a2 + b2 (a + b)2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, M = b2 + c2 , N = (b + c)2 (x + y + z)
ev, k = 2(x + y + z)
GLv‡b, M = N 1
a2 + b2 (a + b)2 k=
ev, b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 2
(b + c)2 (a + b)2
Avevi, ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß (i) bs mgxKiY †_‡K (ii) bs mgxKiY
ev, b2 + c2 = a2 + b2 we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
x − y = k(y + z − z − x) ev, (b2 − ac)(a − c) = 0
ev, x − y = − k(x − y) ev, b2 − ac = 0
(x − y)
ev, k = − (x − y) ev, b2 = ac
a b
k=−1  =
b c
GKBfv‡e (ii) n‡Z (iii) I (iii) n‡Z (i) we‡qvM Ki‡j
cÖwZ‡ÿ‡Î cvB k = − 1  a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| (cÖgvwYZ)
1 œ 18  lx = my = nz
cÖk-
 cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb 2 A_ev − 1
x+y
M. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 18 bs mgvavb †`L| K. x − y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
x+y+z 1
a2 + b2 (a + b)2
œ 17  b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 = p
cÖk- L. cÖgvY Ki †h, lx + my + nz = 3 l + m + n (l l l
) 4
K. p = 1 n‡j, †`LvI †h, a = c 2 x2 y2 z2 mn nl lm
M. †`LvI †h, yz + zx + xy = l2 + m2 + n2 4
abc(a + b + c)3
L. (ab + bc + ca)3
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4  18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx| 4 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
 17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  lx = my = nz
a2 + b2 (a + b)2  lx = my
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 = 1 [ p = 1] x m
ev, y = l
a2 + b2
 =1 x+y m+l
b2 + c2 ev, x − y = m − l [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
ev, a2 + b2 = b2 + c2 x+y m+l
 = (Ans.)
ev, a2 = b2 + c2 − b2 x−y m−l
ev, a2 = c2 L. awi, lx = my = nz = k
 lx = k
 a = c (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
k
a2 + b2 (a + b)2 x=
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 l
k k
 b2 = ac [ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß] Abyiƒcfv‡e, y = m Ges z = n
abc(a + b + c)3
 cÖ`Ë ivwk = (ab + bc + ca)3 k k k
+ +
x+y+z l m n
ac.b(a + b + c)3 evgcÿ = lx + my + nz = k + k + k
= [ b2 = ac]
(ab + bc + b2)2
1 1 1 1 1 1
=
b2.b(a + b + c)3
{b(a + c + b)}3 =
k ( + +
l m n
=
+ +
l m n ) ( )
b3(a + b + c)3 3k 3
= 3 = 1 (Ans.) 1 1 1 1
b (a + b + c)3
a2 + b2 (a + b)2
= (
+ +
3 l m n )
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 = Wvbcÿ
a2 + b2 b2 + c2  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ)
ev, (a + b)2 = (b + c)2 x2 y2 z2
a2 + b2 b2 + c2
M. evgcÿ = yz + zx + xy
ev, a2 + 2ab + b2 = b2 + 2bc + c2
k 2 k 2 k 2
a2 + 2ab + b2 b2 + 2bc + c2
ev, a2 + b2 = b2 + c2 =
() ( ) ()
l
+
m
+
n
k k k k k k
a2 + 2ab + b2 − a2 − b2 . . .
ev, a2 + b2
m n n l l m
k2 k2 k2
b2 + 2bc + c2 − b2 − c2 l2 m2 n2
=
b2 + c2
[we‡qvRb K‡i] = 2 + 2+ 2
k k k
2ab 2bc
ev, a2 + b2 = b2 + c2 mn nl lm
k2 mn k2 nl k2 lm
a c = 2  2 + 2 2+ 2 2
ev, a2 + b2 = b2 + c2 [2b Øviv fvM K‡i] l k m k n k
mn nl lm
ev, ab2 + ac2 = a2c + b2c = 2 + 2 + 2 = Wvbcÿ
l m n
ev, ab2 + ac2 − a2c − b2c = 0  evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ev, ab2 − b2c − a2c + ac2 = 0 x y z
ev, b2(a − c) − ac(a − c) = 0 œ 19  y + z = z + x = x + y
cÖk-
K. x, y I z †K mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ †jL| 2 1
ev, x = y = z
1 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, x = y = z. 4
 x = y = z (cÖgvwYZ)
1
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb 2 A_ev − 1. 4 M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB,
x + y + z = k (y + z) + k (z + x) + k (x + y)
 19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, x + y + z = k (y + z + z + x + x + y)
x y z ev, x + y + z = k (2x + 2y+ 2z)
K. y + z = z + x = x + y = k (awi) ev, x + y + z = 2k ( x + y + z)
 x = k (y + z) ..................... (i) ev, 1 = 2k
y = k (z + x) ..................... (ii) 1
z = k (x + y) ..................... (iii) k =
2
x y z mgxKiY (i) bs n‡Z (ii) bs we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, y + z = z + x = x + y x − y = k (y + z) − k (z + x)
y+z z+x x+y
ev, x = y = z ev, x − y = k (y + z − z − x)
ev, x − y = k (y −x)
y+z z+x x+y ev, x −y = − k (x −y)
ev, x + 1 = y +1 = z + 1
 k = −1
y+z+x z+x+y x+y+z
ev, x
=
y
=
z  cÖwZwU
1
Abycv‡Zi gvb 2 A_ev − 1. (cÖgvwYZ)
x+y+z x+y+z x+y+z
ev, x
=
y
=
z

œ 20  a : b = b : c nq|
cÖk- K.
2 D C
a+b
K. ( )
b+c
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
(1 1 1
)
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, a2b2c2 a3 + b3 + c3 = a3 + b3 + c3. 4 g‡b Kwi,
A B
a2 + b2 (a + b)2
M. b2 + c2 = (b + c)2 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, a, b, c µwgK ABCD GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwg hvi KY© AC|
1 1
mgvbycvZx| 4 ˆ`N©¨ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ = 5 : 4
1 1
 20 :  20 [20 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
5 4
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, a : b = b : c = 4 : 5 (Ans.)
a b
ev, b = c  b2 = ac L. K †_‡K, awi,
2
AvqZvKvi RwgwUi ˆ`N©¨, AB = 4x
cÖ`Ë ivwk = b + c (a + b) KY©, AC = 5x
Ges cÖ¯’ = BC
(a + b)2 a2 + 2ab + b2
= =
(b + c)2 b2 + 2bc + c2  ABC †_‡K,
2
a + 2ab + ac AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [ B = 90]
=
ac + 2bc + c2
[gvb ewm‡q] ev, (5x)2 = (4x)2 + BC2
=
a(a + 2b + c) a
= (Ans.) ev, 25x2 − 16x2 = BC2
c(a + 2b +c) c
ev, BC2 = 9x2
L. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 7 (ii) bs mgvavb †`L|  BC = 3x
M. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 14 bs mgvavb †`L|  ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ = 4x : 3x : 5x
1 1 = 4 : 3 : 5 (Ans.)
œ 21  GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ
cÖk- : |
5 4 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K,
K. KY©mn RwgwU AuvK Ges cÖ`Ë AbycvZwU‡K a : b ABCD AvqZvKvi Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (4x  3x) eM© wg.
AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 = 12x2 eM© wg.
L. RwgwUi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ †ei Ki| 4 cÖkœg‡Z, 12x = 192
2
M. hw` AvqZvKvi RwgwUi †ÿÎdj 192 eM© wg. nq Ges ev, x2 = 16 [12 Øviv fvM K‡i]
GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv hw` AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi x=4
mgvb nq, Z‡e eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4  AvqZvKvi Rwgi cwimxgv = 2(4x + 3x) wg.
 21bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 14x wg.
= 14  4 wg. K. wÎfzRwUi wZb evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
= 56 wgUvi L. e„nËi evû‡K ˆ`N©¨ I ¶z`ªZi evû‡K cÖ¯’ a‡i
awi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a wg. Aw¼Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i mgvb evûwewkó e‡M©i
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 4a wg.
M. D³ AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% Ges cÖ¯’ 20% e„w×
cÖkœg‡Z, 4a = 56 †c‡j †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e? 4
 a = 14
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = a2 e.wg.
= (14)2 e.wg. K. awi, wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 5x, 12x, 13x.
= 196 eM© wgUvi (Ans.) †Ìqv Av‡Q, cwimxgv = 30 †m.wg.|
cÖkœg‡Z, 5x + 12x + 13x = 30
a
œ 22  †Ìqv Av‡Q, b = c = d
cÖk-
b c ev, 30x = 30
x=1
K.
a b
= n‡j,
a a2 + b2
cÖgvY Ki †h, c = b2 + c2 2 evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg., 12 †m.wg., 13 †m.wg. (Ans.)
b c L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß evû¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e„nËi evû = 13 †m.wg. Ges
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (a2 + b2 + c2)(b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + ¶z`ªZi evû = 5 †m.wg.|
bc + cd)2 4 13 †m.wg.
D
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 + (b − d)2 = (a − d)2 4 A
 22bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  5 †m.wg. 5 †m.wg.
a b
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, b = c B C
13 †m.wg.
 b2 = ac DcwiD³ Aw¼Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨, AD = BC = 13 †m.wg.
a a(a + c)
GLb, c = c(a + c) [je I ni‡K (a + c) Øviv ¸Y K‡i] I cÖ¯’, AB = CD = 5 †m.wg.
a2 + ac
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY©, AC = (ˆ`N©¨)2 + (cÖ¯’)2
= = (13)2 + (5)2 = 169 + 25
ac + c2
a2 + b2  AC = 194
= 2 [ b2 = ac] AC †K GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKwU evû ai‡j, H eM©‡ÿ‡Îi
b + c2
a a2 + b2 †ÿÎdj = AC2 eM© †m.wg. = 194 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
 = 2 (cÖgvwYZ)
c b + c2 M. ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß
L. Abykxjbx 111 Gi 10 (ii) bs mgvavb †`L| AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ =13 †m.wg. I cÖ¯’ = 5 †m.wg.
M. awi,  AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj= (13  5) eM© †m.wg. = 65 eM© †m.wg.
a b c 10
= = =k
b c d (
ˆ`N©¨ e„w× cvq = 13 Gi 10% = 13 Gi 100 †m.wg. )
 c = dk =
13
†m.wg.
b = ck = dk.k = dk2 10
20
a = bk = dk2.k = dk3
evgcÿ = (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 + (b − d)2 (
Ges cÖ¯’ e„w× cvq = 5 Gi 20% = 5 Gi 100 †m.wg. )
= b2 − 2bc + c2 + c2 − 2ca + a2 + b2 − 2bd + d2 = 1 †m.wg.
= a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 − 2bc − 2ca − 2bd + d2
= (dk3)2 + 2(dk2)2 + 2(dk)2 − 2.dk2.dk ( 13)
 AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi bZzb ˆ`N©¨ = 13 + 10 †m.wg.
− 2.dk.dk3 − 2.dk2.d + d2 130 + 13 143
= ( 10 ) †m.wg. = 10 †m.wg.
= d2k6 + 2d2k4 + 2d2k2 − 2d2k3 − 2d2k4 − 2d2k2 + d2
= d2k6 − 2d2k3 + d2  AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi bZzb cÖ¯’ (5 + 1) †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg.
= d2(k6 − 2k3 + 1)
Wvbcÿ = (a − d)2  AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi bZzb †ÿÎdj (143
10
 6) eM© †m.wg.
= a2 − 2ad + d2 = 858 eM© †m.wg.
= (dk3)2 − 2.dk3.d + d2  †ÿÎdj e„w× cvq (858 − 65) eM© †m.wg.
= d2k6 − 2d2k3 + d2
= 208 eM© †m.wg.
= d2(k6 − 2k3 + 1)
 †ÿÎdj kZKiv e„w× cvq  65  100 eM© †m.wg.
208
 evgcÿ = Wvbcÿ
A_©vr (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 + (b − d)2 = (a − d)2 (cÖgvwYZ) = 32 eM© †m.wg.
œ 23  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ 5 : 12 : 13 Ges
cÖk- †ÿÎdj kZKiv 32 eM© †m.wg. e„w× cv‡e| (Ans.)
cwimxgv 30 †m.wg.| 6ab
œ 24  x = a + b n‡j,
cÖk-
x + 6a x + 6a x + 6b
K. x − 6a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 cÖ`Ë ivwk = x − 6a − x − 6b
x + 6a x + 6b − a − 2b − 2a − b
L. x − 6a − x − 6b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 =
a
−
b
x + 3a x + 3b − ab − 2b2 + 2a2 + ab
M. †`LvI †h, x − 3a + x − 3b = 2. 4 =
ab
2a2 − 2b2 2(a2 − b2)
= (Ans.)
ab ab
6ab
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = a + b M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
x 6ab 6ab
ev, 6a = 6a(a + b) x=
a+b
x b x 2b
ev, 6a = a + b ev, 3a = a + b
x + 6a b + a + b x + 3a 2b + a + b
ev, x − 6a = b − a − b [ †hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i ] ev, x − 3a = 2b − a − b [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
x + 6a a + 2b x + 3a a + 3b
ev, x − 6a = − a ev, x − 3a = b − a
x + 6a − a − 2b x 2a
Avevi, 3b = a + b
 x − 6a = a (Ans.)
x + 3b 2a + a + b
6ab ev, x − 3b = 2a − a − b [†hvRb-we‡qvRb K‡i]
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x = a + b
x + 3b 3a + b
x 6ab  =
ev, 6b = 6b(a + b) x − 3b a − b
x + 3a x + 3b a + 3b 3a + b
x a
ev, 6b = a + b GLb, x − 3a + x − 3b = b − a + a − b
x + 6b a + a + b a + 3b 3a + b a + 3b − 3a − b
ev, x − 6b = a − a − b = − =
b−a b−a b−a
x + 6b 2a + b 2(b − a)
ev, x − 6b = −b =
b−a
=2
x + 6b − 2a − b 
x + 3a x + 3b
= 2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ev, x − 6b = b +
x − 3a x − 3b
x + 6a − a − 2b
ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, x − 6a = a

œ 25  p, q, r I s µwgK mgvbycvwZ|
cÖk-
3 3 3 3
M. †`LvI †h, xa2 + yb2 + zc2 = (x + y + z)
(a + b + c)3
4
K. aªæeK k eënvi K‡i p, q, r †K s Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 3
p2 + q2 r2 + s2 DËi : K. 2
L. ÔKÕ Gi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI †h, p2 − q2 = r2 − s2 4
bz − cy cx − az ay − bx
p3 + q3
M. ÔKÕ Øviv cÖgvY Ki †h, q3 + r3 = r3 + s3
q 3 + r3
4 œ 28 
cÖk- a
=
b
=
c
n‡j−
DËi : K. r = sk, s = sk2, p = sk3 K. cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2

x y z
x y z L. cÖgvY Ki †h, = =
a b c
4
œ 26  b + c − a = c + a − b = a + b − c
cÖk- 2 2 2
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, xa2 ++ by2 ++ cz2 = 13 (xyab + yzbc + zxca) 4
K. DÏxc‡Ki AbycvZwUi x, y I z †K h_vµ‡g aªæeK a, b Ges c
Øviv cÖKvk Ki| 2 DËi : K. 0
a b c 1 1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, y + z = z + x = x + y œ 29  cÖ_g ivwk = a + b
4 cÖk-
M. ÔLÕ †Z x = a, y = b I z = c ewm‡q cÖgvY Ki a = b = c 4 a3 + b3
DËi : K. x = k(b + c − a), y = k(c + a − b), z = k(a + b − c) wØZxq ivwk = a − b + c
œ 27  ax = by = zc n‡j
cÖk- Z…Zxq ivwk = a(a + b)
x y z 3 6
K. = = =
a b c 2
n‡j xa ++ by ++ cz Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 K. 1g ivwk = x n‡j x Gi gvb KZ n‡e? 2
x3 + 3xy2 a3 + 3ab2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, 3x2y + y3 = 3a2b + b3 4 L. 2q ivwk = 3q ivwk n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, a = b 4
b c
4 x + 2a x + 2b œ 31  gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói
M. 1g ivwk = x n‡j †`LvI †h, x − 2a + x − 2b = 2, a  b. 4 cÖk-
Pvi¸Y| 5 eQi ci gvZvi eqm H `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói wØ¸Y
6ab n‡e|
DËi : K. x = a + b
œ 30  a, b, c, d µwgK mgvbycvZx|
cÖk- L. gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm KZ? 4
K. mgvbycvZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. 15 eQi c‡i gvZvi eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói KZ
2
a+b a2 + b2 ¸Y n‡e? 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, (b + c) =
b2 + c2
4 6
M. †`LvI †h, (a − d)2 = (b − c)2 + (a − c)2 + (b − d)2 4 DËi : K. x = 4y, x − 2y = 15; L. 30 eQi; M. 5 ¸Y;
 avivevwnK AbycvZ :
`yBwU AbycvZ hw` K : L Ges L : M AvKv‡ii nq, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì‡K mvaviYZ K : L : M AvKv‡i †jLv hvq| G‡K avivevwnK AbycvZ
ejv nq| †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU ev Z‡ZvwaK AbycvZ‡K GB AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GLv‡b jÿYxq †h, `yBwU AbycvZ‡K K : L : M AvKv‡i
cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_g AbycvZwUi DËi ivwk, wØZxq AbycvZwUi c~e© ivwki mgvb n‡Z n‡e| †hgb : 2 : 3 Ges 4 : 3 AbycvZ `yBwU K
: L : M AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_g AbycvZwUi DËi ivwkwU‡K wØZxq AbycvZwUi c~e© ivwki mgvb Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr H `yBwU
ivwk‡K Zv‡ì j.mv.¸. Gi mgvb Ki‡Z n‡e|
AZGe, 2 : 3 Ges 4 : 3 AbycvZ `yBwU K : L : M AvKv‡i n‡e 8 : 12 : 9.
 mgvbycvwZK fvM :
†Kv‡bv ivwk‡K wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z fvM Kiv‡K mgvbycvwZK fvM ejv nq| S †K a : b : c : d Abymv‡i fvM Ki‡Z n‡j, S †K †gvU (a + b
+ c + d) fvM K‡i h_vµ‡g a, b, c I d fvM wb‡Z nq|
AZGe
a Sa c Sc
1g Ask = S Gi a + b + c + d = a + b + c + d 3q Ask = S Gi a + b + c + d = a + b + c + d
b Sb d Sd
2q Ask = S Gi a + b + c + d = a + b + c + d 4_© Ask = S Gi a + b + c + d = a + b + c + d

1. a, b, c µwgK mgvbycvZx n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii.
a c e g
= = = n‡j,
a+c+e+g
G‡ì cÖwZwU Abycv‡Zi gvb b + d + f + h
K. a2 = bc  b2 = ac M. ab = bc M. a = b = c b d f h
2. Avwid I AvwK‡ei eq‡mi AbycvZ 5 : 3; Avwi‡di eqm 20 Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jvi wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
eQi n‡j, KZ eQi ci Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 5 n‡e? K. i I ii L. ii I iii  i I iii N. i, ii I iii
K. 5 eQi L. 6 eQi  8 eQi N. 10 eQi e¨vL¨v : ii mwVK bq; KviY, `yBwU wÎfzR †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ
e¨vL¨v : awi, Avwi‡di eqm 5x Ges AvwK‡ei eqm 3x Zv‡ì f‚wgØ‡qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb n‡e| hw` Zv‡ì D”PZv mgvb
cÖkœg‡Z, 5x = 20 nq| wKš‘ GLv‡b D”PZvi K_v ejv nq wb|
x=4 ABC Gi †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 2 : 3 : 5 Ges ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri
 AvwK‡ei eqm = (3  4) eQi = 12 eQi †KvY PviwUi AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5 : 6; Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi
Avevi, awi, y eQi ci Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 5 n‡e DËi `vI|
20 + y 7
 =
12 + y 5
4. GKwU e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ wØ¸Y n‡j Zvi †ÿÎdj KZ¸Y e„w× cv‡e?
ev, 100 + 5y = 84 + 7y K. 2 ¸Y  4 ¸Y M. 8 ¸Y N. 6 ¸Y
ev, 7y − 5y = 100 − 84 e¨vL¨v : awi, e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ x
ev, 2y = 16  †ÿÎdj = x2 eM© GKK
y=8 ˆ`N©¨ wØ¸Y n‡j evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 2x
 8 eQi ci eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 5 n‡e|  †ÿÎdj = (2x)2 eM© GKK = 4x2 eM© GKK
3. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 5. x : y = 7 : 5, y : z = 5 : 7 n‡j, x : z = KZ?
i. mgvbycv‡Zi PviwU ivwkB GKRvZxq nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| K. 35 : 49  35 : 35
ii. `yBwU wÎfzR †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ Zv‡ì f‚wgØ‡qi M. 25 : 49 N. 49 : 25
Abycv‡Zi mgvb| cÖkœ \ 6 \ GKwU Kv‡Vi cyj ˆZwii cÖv°wjZ e¨q 90,000 UvKv| wKšÍz
LiP †ewk n‡q‡Q 21,600 UvKv| LiP kZKiv KZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖv°wjZ e¨q = 90,000 UvKv
LiP e„w× = 21600 UvKv
= (23  30) : (45  30) : (56  30)
cÖ v°wjZ e¨q [3, 5 I 6 Gi j. mv. ¸. 30 w`‡q ¸Y K‡i]
 kZKiv LiP e„w× =   100 % = 20 : 24 : 25
 LiP e„w×   Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 20 + 24 + 25 = 69
= (90000
21600
 100) % = 24%
( 20
)
 1g †R‡ji gv‡Qi msL¨v = 690 Gi 69 wU = 200 wU
 LiP 24% e„w× †c‡q‡Q| (Ans.) 24
cÖkœ \ 7 \ av‡b Pvj I Zz‡li AbycvZ 7 : 3 n‡j, G‡Z kZKiv Kx
cwigvY Pvj Av‡Q?
( )
2q †R‡ji gv‡Qi msL¨v = 690 Gi 69 wU = 240 wU
25
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, Pvj : Zzl = 7 : 3 ( )
Ges 3q †R‡ji gv‡Qi msL¨v = 690 Gi 69 wU = 250 wU
g‡b Kwi, av‡b Pv‡ji cwigvY = 7x  wZbRb †R‡j h_vµ‡g 200 wU, 240 wU Ges 250 wU gvQ †cj| (Ans.)
Ges Zz‡li cwigvY = 3x cÖkœ \ 11 \ GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 45 †m. wg.| evû¸‡jvi ˆ`‡N©ï
Zvn‡j, av‡bi IRb n‡e (7x + 3x) ev 10x AbycvZ 3 : 5 : 7 n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨K evûi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Pv‡ji cwigvY
av‡b Pv‡ji kZKiv cwigvY =  av‡bi cwigvY  100 % mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = 45 †m. wg.
  Ges evû¸‡jvi ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ = 3 : 5 : 7
 Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 3 + 5 + 7 = 15
( 7x )
= 10x  100 % = 70%
3
 av‡b 70% Pvj Av‡Q| (Ans.) (
 wÎfz‡Ri cÖ_g evûi ˆ`N©¨ 45 Gi
15) †m. wg.
cÖkœ \ 8 \ 1 Nb †m.wg. Kv‡Vi IRb 7 †WwmMÖvg| Kv‡Vi IRb = 9 †m. wg.
mgAvqZb cvwbi IR‡bi kZKiv KZ fvM? 5
mgvavb : ( )
wÎfz‡Ri wØZxq evûi ˆ`N©¨ 45 Gi 15 †m. wg.
1 Nb †m.wg. Kv‡Vi IRb = 7 †WwmMÖvg = 15 †m. wg.
1 Nb †m.wg. cvwbi IRb = 1 MÖvg = 10 †WwmMÖvg 7
1 Nb †m.wg. Kv‡Vi IRb 7 ( )
Ges wÎfz‡Ri Z…Zxq evûi ˆ`N©¨ 45 Gi 15 †m. wg.
GLb, 1 Nb †m.wg. cwbi IRb = 10 = 21 †m. wg.
Kv‡Vi IRb Ges mgAvqZ‡bi cvwbi IR‡bi kZKiv wb‡Y©q wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi cwigvY 9 †m. wg., 15 †m. wg. I 21 †m. wg.|
3 4 6
cÖkœ \ 12 \ 1011 UvKv‡K 4 : 5 : 7 Abycv‡Z wef³ Ki|
= (107  100) % = 70% mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, †gvU UvKvi cwigvY 1011
 Kv‡Vi IRb mgAvqZb cvwbi IR‡bi 70% (Ans.) 3 4 6
cÖkœ \ 9 \ K, L, M, N Gi g‡a¨ 300 UvKv Ggbfv‡e fvM K‡i `vI Ges eÈ‡bi AbycvZ = 4 : 5 : 7
†hb, K Gi Ask : L Gi Ask = 2 : 3, L Gi Ask : M Gi Ask = 3 4 6
1 : 2 Ges M Gi Ask : N Gi Ask = 3 : 2 nq|
= ( )( )( )
4
 140 :  140 :  140
5 7
mgvavb : GLv‡b, [ni 4, 5 I 7 Gi j.mv.¸. 140 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
K Gi Ask : L Gi Ask = 2 : 3 = 105 : 112 : 120
L Gi Ask : M Gi Ask = 1 : 2 = (1  3) : (2  3) = 3 : 6  Aby c v‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi mgwó = 105 + 112 + 120 = 337
105
M Gi Ask : N Gi Ask = 3 : 2 = (3  2) : (2  2) = 6 : 4  cÖ_g Ask = 1011 Gi ( )
UvKv = 315 UvKv
337
 K Gi Ask : L Gi Ask : M Gi Ask : N Gi Ask
112
= 2:3:6:4
 Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 2 + 3 + 6 + 4 = 15
( )
wØZxq Ask = 1011 Gi 337 UvKv = 336 UvKv
120
( 2
)
 K Gi Ask = 300 Gi 15 UvKv = 40 UvKv ( )
Z…Zxq Ask = 1011 Gi 337 UvKv = 360 UvKv
 wef³K…Z UvKvi cwigvY 315 UvKv, 336 UvKv, 360 UvKv| (Ans.)
3
( )
L Gi Ask = 300 Gi 15 UvKv = 60 UvKv cÖkœ \ 13 \ `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 5 : 7 Ges Zv‡ì M. mv. ¸. 4
n‡j, msL¨v `yBwUi j.mv.¸. KZ?
6
( )
M Gi Ask = 300 Gi 15 UvKv = 120 UvKv mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, msL¨v `yBwUi AbycvZ 5 : 7
g‡b Kwi, msL¨v `yBwU 5x I 7x, †hLv‡b, x Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ¸wYZK|
4
( )
Ges N Gi Ask = 300 Gi 15 UvKv = 80 UvKv 5x I 7x Gi M. mv. ¸. x
cÖkœvbymv‡i, x = 4
 K 40 UvKv, L 60 UvKv, M 120 UvKv Ges N 80 UvKv cvq| (Ans.)
cÖkœ \ 10 \ wZbRb †R‡j 690 wU gvQ a‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì As‡ki 5x I 7x Gi j. mv. ¸. = 35x = 35  4 [ x = 4]
2 4 5 = 140
AbycvZ 3 , 5 Ges 6 n‡j, †K KqwU gvQ †cj? AZGe, msL¨v `yBwUi j. mv. ¸. 140 (Ans.)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, †gvU gv‡Qi msL¨v = 690 wU cÖkœ \ 14 \ wµ‡KU †Ljvq mvwKe, gykwdKzi I gvkivdx 171 ivb
2 4 5 Ki‡jv| mvwKe I gykwdKz‡ii Ges gykwdKzi I gvkivdxi iv‡bi
wZbR‡bi As‡ki AbycvZ = 3 : 5 : 6 AbycvZ 3 : 2 n‡j †K KZ ivb K‡i‡Q?
mgvavb : mvwK‡ei ivb : gykwdKz‡ii ivb = 3 : 2
= (3  3) : (2  3) 6x
= 5 GKK
= 9:6 2
gykwdKz‡ii ivb : gvkivdxi ivb = 3 : 2
= (3  2) : (2  2)
 20% e„w×‡Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj (6x5) eM© GKK
36x2
=6:4 = 25 eM© GKK
 mvwK‡ei ivb : gykwdKz‡ii ivb : gvkivdxi ivb = 9 : 6 : 4 2
Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 9 + 6 + 4 = 19
9 9
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj e„w× (36x25 − x ) eM© GKK
2
(
 mvwK‡ei ivb 171 Gi
19 ) (
= 171 
19 )
ivb = 81 ivb = 
36x2 − 25x2
25  eM© GKK
6 6
( ) ( )
gykwdKz‡ii ivb 171 Gi 19 = 171  19 ivb = 54 ivb =
11x2
25
eM© GKK
†gvU e„w×
 kZKiv †ÿÎdj e„w× c~‡e©i †ÿÎdj  100%
4 4
( ) ( )
gvkivdxi ivb 171 Gi 19 = 171  19 ivb = 36 ivb
 
 mvwKe 81 ivb, gykwdKzi 54 ivb, gvkivdx 36 ivb K‡i‡Q|(Ans.)
11x 
2
cÖkœ \ 15 \ GKwU Awd‡m 2 Rb Kg©KZ©v, 7 Rb KiwYK Ges 3 Rb

= 2  100%
25
wcIb Av‡Q| GKRb wcIb 1 UvKv †c‡j GKRb KiwYK cvq 2 x 
UvKv, GKRb Kg©KZ©v cvq 4 UvKv| Zv‡ì mK‡ji †gvU †eZb = 44%
150,000 UvKv n‡j, †K KZ †eZb cvq?  †ÿÎdj e„w× cvq 44% (Ans.)
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, GKRb wcIb cvq x UvKv (mgvbycvwZK x a‡i) cÖkœ \ 18 \ GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× Ges cÖ¯’ 10%
Zvn‡j, GKRb KiwYK cvq 2x UvKv n«vm †c‡j AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× ev n«vm cv‡e?
Ges GKRb Kg©KZ©v cvq 4x UvKv| mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x GKK Ges cÖ¯’ y GKK
cÖkœg‡Z, (4x  2) + (2x  7) + (x  3) = 150000  AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = xy eM© GKK
ev, 8x + 14x + 3x = 150000 10
ev, 25x = 150000
10% (
e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = x + x Gi 100 GKK )
x
150000
ev, x = = (x + 10) GKK
25
 x = 6000 11x
= 10 GKK
 GKRb wcI‡bi †eZb = 6000 UvKv
GKRb KiwY‡Ki †eZb = (6000  2) UvKv = 12000 UvKv 10
Ges GKRb Kg©KZ©vi †eZb = (6000  4) UvKv = 24000 UvKv
(
Ges 10% n«v‡m AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = y − y Gi 100 GKK )
y
 cÖ‡Z¨K Kg©KZ©v 24000 UvKv, KiwYK 12000 UvKv Ges wcIb = (y − 10) GKK
6000 UvKv †eZb cvq| (Ans.) 9y
cÖkœ \ 16 \ GKwU mwgwZi †bZv wbe©vP‡b `yBRb cÖwZØ›`xi g‡a¨ = 10 GKK
†Wvbvì mv‡ne 4 : 3 †fv‡U Rqjvf Ki‡jb| hw` †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v 11x 9y
 10% n«vm-e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 10  10 eM© GKK
581 nq Ges 91 Rb m`m¨ †fvU bv w`‡q _v‡Kb, Z‡e †Wvbvì
mv‡n‡ei cÖwZØ›`x KZ †fv‡Ui eëav‡b civwRZ n‡q‡Qb? 99 xy
= 100 eM© GKK
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, †gvU m`m¨ = 581 Rb
99xy
91 Rb m`m¨ †fvU bv †Ìqvq †fvU †Ìqv m`m¨
(581 − 91) Rb = 490 Rb
(
myZivs †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq xy − 100 eM© GKK )
100 xy − 99xy
†Wvbvì mv‡n‡ei cÖvß †fvU : cÖwZØ›`xi cÖvß †fvU = 4 : 3 =  100  eM© GKK
Abycv‡Zi ivwkØ‡qi †hvMdj = 4 + 3 = 7 xy
4
= 100 eM© GKK
 †Wvbvì mv‡ne †c‡jb 490 Gi( 7 )
†fvU = 280 †fvU †gvU n«vm
 †ÿÎdj kZKiv n«vm cvq = c~‡e©i †ÿÎdj  100 eM© GKK
3  
(
Ges cÖwZØ›`x †c‡jb 490 Gi 7 )
†fvU = 210 †fvU
100  xy
 †Wvbvì mv‡n‡ei cÖwZØ›`x civwRZ n‡jb (280 − 210) ev, 70   100 eM© GKK
†fv‡Ui eëav‡b| (Ans.) =  xy 
cÖkœ \ 17 \ hw` †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi cwigvY 20% e„w× cvq, xy 1
= 100  xy  100 eM© GKK
Z‡e Zvi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?
mgvavb : g‡bKwi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ x GKK = 1 eM© GKK
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj x eM© GKK.
2 AZGe, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 1% n«vm cv‡e| (Ans.)
20 cÖ k œ \ 19 \ GKwU gv‡Vi Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi my‡hvM Avmvi Av‡Mi I
(
20% e„w×‡Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ x + x Gi)100
GKK c‡ii dj‡bi AbycvZ 4 : 7. H gv‡V †h Rwg‡Z Av‡M 304 KzBÈvj
x avb dj‡Zv, †mP cvIqvi c‡i Zvi djb KZ n‡e?
( )
= x + 5 GKK
mgvavb : g‡bKwi, †mP cvIqvi c‡i dj‡bi cwigvY x KzB›Uvj
†mP Avmvi Av‡Mi djb : †mP Avmvi c‡ii djb = 4 : 7 cÖkœ \ 22 \ †Rwg I wmwg GKB e¨vsK †_‡K GKB w`‡b 10% nvi
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 304 : x = 4 : 7 mij gybvdvq Avjv`v Avjv`v cwigvY A_© FY †bq| †Rwg 2 eQi ci
304 4 gybvdv-Avm‡j hZ UvKv †kva K‡i 3 eQi ci wmwg gybvdv-Avm‡j
ev, x = 7
ev, 4x = 7  304 ZZ UvKv †kva K‡i| Zv‡ì F‡Yi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
7  304 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, e¨vsK †_‡K †Rwg FY K‡i x UvKv Ges
ev, x = 4 wmwg FY K‡i y UvKv
 x = 532 GLb, 10% gybvdvq x UvKvi 2 eQ‡ii gybvdv
 †mP cvIqvi c‡i djb n‡e 532 KzB›Uvj| (Ans.) 10 x
cÖkœ \ 20 \ avb I avb †_‡K Drcbœ Pv‡ji AbycvZ 3 : 2 Ges Mg I
Mg †_‡K Drcbœ mywRi AbycvZ 4 : 3 n‡j, mgvb cwigv‡Yi avb I Mg
= x2
100 ( )
UvKv = 5 UvKv
x
†_‡K Drcbœ Pvj I mywRi AbycvZ †ei Ki|  2 eQi c‡i †Rwg gybvdv-Avm‡j cwi‡kva K‡i = x + 5 UvKv ( )
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, Drcbœ Pv‡ji cwigvY x KzB›Uvj
5x + x
Ges Drcbœ mywRi cwigvY y KzB›Uvj = 5 UvKv
cÖkœvbymv‡i, avb : Pvj = 3 : 2 6x
ev, 1 : x = 3 : 2 = 5 UvKv
1 3
ev, x = 2 Avevi, 10% gybvdvq y UvKvi 3 eQ‡ii gybvdv
10
 x=3
2
(
= y  3  100 UvKv )
2 3y
 Pv‡ji cwigvY KzB›Uvj
3 = 10
UvKv
Avevi, Mg : mywR = 4 : 3
ev, 1 : y = 4 : 3
1 4
( 3y)
 3 eQi c‡i wmwg gybvdv-Avm‡j cwi‡kva K‡i = y + 10 UvKv
ev, y = 3 =
10y + 3y
UvKv
10
3
 y=
4 =
13y
UvKv
10
3
 mywRi cwigvY KzB›Uvj|
4 6x 13y
2 3
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 5 = 10
Drcbœ Pvj : Drcbœ mywR = :
3 4
ev, 60x = 65y
2
=( 3
 12 ) : (34  12) x 65
ev, y = 60
[3, 4 Gi j.mv.¸. 12]
=8:9 x 13
 Drcbœ Pvj I mywRi AbycvZ 8 : 9| (Ans.) ev, y = 12
cÖkœ \ 21 \ GKwU Rwgi †ÿÎdj 432 eM©wgUvi| H Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I  x : y = 13 : 12
cÖ‡¯’i m‡½ Aci GKwU Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ h_vµ‡g 3 :
4 Ges 2 : 5 n‡j, Aci Rwgi †ÿÎdj KZ? wb‡Y©q F‡Yi AbycvZ 13 : 12
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖkœ \ 23 \ GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ 5:12:13 Ges
1g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ : 2q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 3 : 4 cwimxgv 30 †m. wg.
Ges 1g Rwgi cÖ¯’ : 2q Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 2 : 5 K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges †KvY‡f‡` wÎfzRwU Kx ai‡bi Zv wjL|
awi, 1g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wgUvi L. e„nËi evû‡K ˆ`N©¨ Ges ¶z`ªZi evû‡K cÖ¯’ a‡i Aw¼Z
2q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 4x wgUvi AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i mgvb evûwewkó e‡M©i †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
Ges 1g Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 2y wgUvi
2q Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 5y wgUvi M. D³ AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% Ges cÖ¯’ 20% e„w× †c‡j
1g Rwgi †¶Îdj = (3x  2y) eM©wgUvi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?
= 6xy eM©wgUvi mgvavb :
2q Rwgi †¶Îdj = (4x  5y) eM©wgUvi K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ 5 : 12 : 13 Ges
= 20xy eM©wgUvi cwimxg 30 †m.wg.|
cÖkœg‡Z, 6xy = 432 awi, wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv 5x, 12 x I 13x †m.wg.
432
ev, xy = 6 cÖkœg‡Z, 5x + 12x + 13x = 30
 xy = 72 ev, 30x = 30
 2q Rwgi †¶Îdj = 20xy eM©wgUvi x=1
= (20  72) e.wg. [ xy = 72] AZGe, wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv n‡jv 5 †m.wg., 12 †m.wg. I 13
= 1440 eM©wgUvi †m.wg.|
 Aci Rwgi †¶Îdj 1440 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.)
A †ÿÎdj e„w×
 †ÿÎdj kZKiv e„w× cv‡e   100%
 †ÿÎdj
Avw` 
13 †m. wg.
(20·8  100)%
†m. wg.
=
65
= 32%
5
AZGe, †ÿÎdj 32% e„w× cv‡e|

B 12 †m. wg. C cÖkœ \ 24 \ GKw`b †Kv‡bv K¬v‡m Abycw¯’Z I Dcw¯’Z wkÿv_©xi
wPÎ n‡Z, AB2 + BC2 = (5)2 + (12)2 AbycvZ 1 : 4|
= 25 + 144 = 169 = (13)2 = (AC)2 K. Abycw¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K †gvU wkÿv_©xi kZKivq cÖKvk Ki|
 wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx wÎfzRwU mg‡KvYx| AZGe,
L. 10 Rb wkÿv_©x †ewk Dcw¯’Z n‡j Abycw¯’Z I Dcw¯’Z
wÎfyRwU GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfyR Ges ABC = 90 wkÿv_©xi AbycvZ n‡Zv 1 : 9| †gvU wkÿv_©xi msL¨v KZ?
L. e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 13 †m. wg. †K ˆ`N©¨ Ges ¶z`ªZi evûi M. †gvU wkÿv_©xi g‡a¨ QvÎ msL¨v QvÎx msL¨vi wØ¸Y A‡cÿv 20
ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m. wg. †K cÖ¯’ a‡i wb‡P AvqZ‡ÿÎwU AuvKv n‡jv : Rb Kg| QvÎ I QvÎxmsL¨vi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
A B mgvavb :
K. g‡b Kwi, Abycw¯’Z QvÎ msL¨v x
Ges Dcw¯’Z QvÎmsL¨v 4x [GLv‡b, x abvZ¥K AvbycvwZK aªæeK]
†m. wg.
†gvU QvÎ msL¨v = x + 4x = 5x

5
x
 Abycw¯’Z QvÎmsL¨v †gvU QvÎmsL¨vi 5x fvM
D 13 †m. wg. C
ABCD AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© AC †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû n‡j H Abycw¯’Z QvÎ
eM©‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj n‡e AC2 eM© †m. wg.
A_©vr, †gvU QvÎ  100%
GLb, ADC G D = 90 x 1
=  100% =  100% = 20%
 wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cvB, AC2 = AD2 + CD2 5x 5
= (5)2 + (13)2  Abycw¯’Z QvÎmsL¨v †gvU QvÎ msL¨vi 20%
= 25 + 169 L. 10 Rb wkÿv_©x †ewk Dcw¯’Z n‡j,
= 194
A_©vr, H eM©‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 194 eM© †m. wg. (Ans.) Dcw¯’Z wkÿv_©x msL¨v nq (4x + 10) Rb
Abycw¯’Z wkÿv_©x msL¨v (x − 10) Rb
M. 10% e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ cÖkœvbymv‡i, (x − 10) : (4x + 10) = 1 : 9
10 x − 10 1
= (13 + 13 Gi 100 ) †m. wg. ev, 4x + 10 = 9
13
= (13 + 10) †m. wg. ev, 9x − 90 = 4x + 10
ev, 9x − 4x = 90 + 10
143 ev, 5x = 100
= 10 †m. wg.
100
= 14·3 †m. wg. ev, x = 5
Ges 20% e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cÖ¯’  x = 20
20  †gvU wkÿv_©x 5x = (5  20) Rb = 100 Rb (Ans.)
(
= 5 + 5 Gi 100 †m. wg. ) M. awi, QvÎx msL¨v = y Rb
= (5 + 1) †m. wg. Ges QvÎ msL¨v = (2y − 20) Rb
= 6 †m. wg. cÖkœvbymv‡i, y + 2y − 20 = 100
 ˆ`N©¨-cÖ¯’ e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj ev, 3y = 100 + 20
ev, 3y = 120
= (14·3  6) eM© †m. wg. 120
= 85·8 eM© †m. wg. ev, y = 3
ˆ`N©¨ 13 †m. wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 5 †m. wg. wewkó AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj  y = 40
= (13  5) eM© †m. wg. = 65 eM© †m. wg.  QvÎx msL¨v 40 Rb|
 QvÎ msL¨v = 2y − 20 = (2  40 − 20) Rb = 60 Rb
 †ÿÎdj e„w× cvq (85·5 − 65) eM© †m.wg.
= 20·8 eM© †m.wg.  QvÎ : QvÎx = 60 : 40 [20 Øviv fvM K‡i]
=3:2
wb‡Y©q AbycvZ 3:2

1. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 : 2 Ges G‡ì M.mv.¸. 4 n‡j msL¨v 5. 261
1 1 1
wU Avg wZb fvB‡qi g‡a¨ 3 : 5 : 9 Abycv‡Z fvM K‡i
`yBwUi j.mv.¸. KZ?
K6 L8 M 12  24 w`‡j 1g fvB KZwU Avg cv‡e?
2. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 : 4 Ges Zv‡ì j.mv.¸. 180; msL¨v K 45 L 81
M 90  135
`yBwU KZ?
6. mvwKe I Zvwg‡gi iv‡bi AbycvZ 9 : 7| Zv‡ì †gvU ivb
K 30,45  45, 60 M 45, 75 N 45, 70
3. †Kv‡bv wgkª‡Y cvwb I wmiv‡ci AbycvZ 2 : 3 n‡j, G‡Z 2000 n‡j, mvwK‡ei ivb KZ?
K 250 L 875
kZKiv KZ fvM cvwb Av‡Q?  1125 N 1600
K 20 L 30  40 N 50
7. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ wZb¸Y e„w× Ki‡j Dnvi †ÿÎdj
4. hw` †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 20% e„w× cvq Z‡e
KZ¸Y e„w× cv‡e?
†ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ fvM e„w× cv‡e?
K 3 ¸Y L 4 ¸Yyy M 8 ¸Y  9 ¸Y
K 36  44 M 72 N 80

cy‡Îi eqm : Kb¨vi eqm = 1 : 2
114 : avivevwnK AbycvZ  wcZvi eqm : Kb¨vi eqm = 4 : 2 = 2 : 1
17. Elv I gvwni UvKvi AbycvZ 2 : 3 Ges gvwn I mvwgi UvKvi
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi AbycvZ 2 : 5 n‡j, Zv‡ì UvKvi AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
8. x : y = 3 : 4, y : z = 2 : 5 n‡j x : y : z Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) K 2 : 3 : 5  4 : 6 : 15 M 2 : 5 : 12 N 4 : 7 : 15
K3:4:7 L5:7:9  3 : 4 : 10 N 15 : 19 : 27 18. cyjK, cviæ I wgw_jvi UvKvi AbycvZ 2 : 3 : 9 n‡j, cviæ I
e¨vL¨v : x : y = 3 : 4 = (3  1) : (4  1) = 3 : 4 wgw_jvi UvKvi AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
y : z = 2 : 5 = (2  2) : (5 : 2) = 4 :10 1:3 L 1:2 M2:3 N 3:2
 x : y : z = 3 : 4 : 10 2 1 1 1
19. : I : Gi avivevwnK AbycvZ KZ? (mnR)
9. 2 : 3 Ges 9 : 10 Gi avivevwnK AbycvZ †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 3 3 3 2
K 2 : 3 : 9 L 2 : 3 : 10 M 3 : 9 : 10  6 : 9 : 10 K1:2:3 L 2:3:4 4:2:3 N 2:4:3
2 1 1 1
e¨vL¨v : 2 : 3 = (2  3) : (3  3) = 6 : 9 Ges 9 : 10 e¨vL¨v : 3 : 3 = 3 : 2
 avivevwnK AbycvZ = 6 : 9 : 10 ev, 6 : 3 = 2 : 3
10. `ywU mij AbycvZ 2 : 4 Ges 5 : 7 Gi avivevwnK AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g) ev, 2 : 1 = 2 : 3
ev, 4 : 2 = 2 : 3
K 2:4: 5:7 L4:5:2
 avivevwnK AbycvZ 4 : 2 : 3
 5 : 10 : 14 N8:5:7
20. K : L = 2 : 3, L : M = 1 : 2 n‡j A : C = KZ? (mnR)
2 25 10 5
e¨vL¨v : 2 : 4 = 4 = 4  5 = 20 = 10 K 1:2 L 2:3  1:3 N 3:2
5 5  2 10 21. A : B = 3 : 4, B : C = 1 : 2 Ges C : D = 2 : 3 n‡j A : D
5:7= = =
7 7  2 14 = KZ? (ga¨g)
 avivevwnK AbycvZ = 5 : 10 : 14  1:4 L 1:2 M 2:3 N 3:2
11. hw` K : L = 2 : 3 Ges L : M = 4 : 5 nq, Z‡e M : K = KZ? (ga¨g) 22. K : L = 2 : 3, L : M = 4 : 3, n‡j K : L : M = KZ? (mnR)
K 8:5 L 8 : 15 M 12 : 10  15 : 8 K 2:3:4 L 4:6:8 M 4 : 12 : 9  8 : 12 : 9
e¨vL¨v : K : L = 2 : 3 = 8 : 12 23. 3, 7, 9 Gi PZz_© mgvbycvZx wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
L : M = 4 : 5 = 12 : 15 K 10 L 12 M 18  21
 M : K = 15 : 8 e¨vL¨v : g‡b Kwi, PZz_© mgvbycvZx K
3:7=9:K
12. `ywU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 : 4 Ges Zv‡ì M.mv.¸. 5 n‡j msL¨v 3 9
`ywU KZ? (ga¨g) ev, 7 =
K
 15, 20 L 30, 40 M 45, 60 N 60, 80 79
ev, K =
e¨vL¨v : 3  5 = 15 Ges 4  5 = 20 3
13. `ywU msL¨vi AbycvZ 2 : 3 Ges mgwó 85 n‡j, e„nËi msL¨vwU K= 21
KZ? (ga¨g) 24. 3, 5, 12 Gi PZz_© mgvbycvZx wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)

K 37 L 47  51 N 65 K 16 L 18  20 N 24
14. `ywU ivwki we‡qvMdj 44 Ges ivwk `yBwUi AbycvZ 1 : 3 n‡j 25. x : y = 4 : 5, y : z = 7 : 11 n‡j, x : y : z Gi gvb wb‡Pi
¶z`ªZi msL¨vwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 19  22 M 31 N 43 K 4:5:7 L 4 : 5 : 11 M 5 : 7 : 11  28 : 35 : 55
15. Avdmvi mv‡ne I Zvi cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ 9 : 2| cy‡Îi 26. µqg~j¨ : weµqg~j¨ = 4 : 5 n‡j, G‡Z kZKiv KZ UvKv jvf n‡e? (ga¨g)
eqm 12 eQi n‡j Avdmvi mv‡n‡ei eqm KZ eQi? (ga¨g) K 30  25 M 20 N 10
e¨vL¨v : µqg~j¨ 4 UvKv n‡j weµqg~j¨ 5 UvKv
K 48 L 50 M 52  54
 jvf = (5 − 4) UvKv = 1 UvKv
16. wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi AbycvZ 4 : 1 I cyÎ I Kb¨vi eq‡mi
AbycvZ 1 : 2 n‡j, wcZv I Kb¨vi eq‡mi AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)  jv‡fi nvi (14  100)% = 25%
2:1 L 1:2 M2:3 N 3:2
e¨vL¨v : wcZvi eqm : cy‡Îi eqm = 4 : 1
27. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †Kv‡Yi AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5 eo †KvYwU iii. 2 wU AbycvZ a : b I b : c n‡j avivevwnK AbycvZ a : b : c
KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K 30 L 45  75 N 90 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : g‡b Kwi, wÎfz‡Ri †KvY wZbwU h_vµ‡g 3x, 4x Ges 5x
cÖkœg‡Z, 3x + 4x + 5x = 180
39. i. 3 : 4 I 12 : 7 Gi avivevwnK AbycvZ 9 : 12 : 7
ev, 12x = 180  x = 15 ii. avivevwnK Abycv‡Z cÖ_g Abycv‡Zi DËi ivwk 2q
 eo †KvYwU 5x = 5  15 = 75 Abycv‡Zi c~e© ivwki mgvb n‡Z n‡e
28. av‡b Pvj I Zz‡li AbycvZ 7 : 3 n‡j, G‡Z kZKiv Kx iii. avb I Pv‡ji AbycvZ 3 : 2 Ges Mg I mywRi AbycvZ
cwigvY Pvj Av‡Q? (ga¨g) 4 : 3 n‡j Pvj I mywRi AbycvZ 2 : 1
K 65%  70% M 75% N 82% wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : av‡b Pvj 7x †KwR _vK‡j Zzl _v‡K 3x †KwR K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 me©‡gvU = (7x + 3x) †KwR = 10x †KwR 40. i. wZbwU ivwki avivevwnK AbycvZ _vK‡j cÖvšÍxq
avb Pv‡ji cwigvY ivwkØ‡qi ¸Ydj gaïvwki e‡M©i mgvb
av‡b Pv‡ji kZKiv cwigvY = av‡bi cwigvY  100
7x  100
ii. a : b : c = 6 : 8 : 3 n‡j a : c = 2 : 1
=
10x
% = 70% iii. 10, 40, 50 Gi PZz_© mgvbycvZx 200
29. 1 Nb †m.wg. Kv‡Vi IRb 60 †mw›UMÖvg| Kv‡Vi IRb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
mgAvqZb cvwbi IR‡bi kZKiv KZ fvM? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K 50%  60% M 70% N 80% 41. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
30. KvM‡Ri c~e©g~j¨ : eZ©gvb g~j¨ = 2 : 3, c~‡e©i Zzjbvq g~j¨ i. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 5 : 3 Ges j.mv.¸. 60 n‡j M.mv.¸. 4
kZKiv KZ UvKv e„w× †c‡q‡Q? (ga¨g) ii. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi cwigvY 10% e„w× cvq Z‡e Gi
K 35 L 40 M 45  50
e¨vL¨v : c~e©g~j¨ 2 UvKv n‡j eZ©gvb g~j¨ 3 UvKv †ÿÎdj kZKiv 21% e„w× cvq
g~jë„w× = (3 − 2) UvKv = 1 UvKv| iii. GKwU Rwgi †ÿÎdj 108 eM©wgUvi Ges ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i
1
 kZKiv g~jë„w× = (2  100) UvKv = 50 UvKv| AbycvZ 4 : 3 n‡j Rwgi cÖ¯’ 9 wgUvi
31. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 5 : 3 Ges M.mv.¸. 8 n‡j, j.mv.¸. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
KZ? (ga¨g)
K 40 L 80  120 N 160 42. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
32. wicb wKQy Avg 30% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j weµqg~j¨ I i. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 2 : 3 : 4 n‡j e„nËi
µqg~‡jï AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) †KvYwU 80
K 3: 2  13 : 10 M 4:3 N7:4 ii. `yBwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 1 : 3 n‡j †ÿÎd‡ji
33. `yBwU ivwki AbycvZ 2 : 5 Ges Zv‡ì mgwó 42 n‡j msL¨v AbycvZ 3 : 9
`ywUi AšÍidj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) iii. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 5 : 6 Ges Zv‡ì M.mv.¸. 8 n‡j
K6  18 M 24 N 32 j.mv.¸. 240
e¨vL¨v : 7x = 42  x = 6
5x − 2x = 3x = 3  6 = 18
2 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
34. GKwU ¯‹z‡j †gvU QvÎQvÎx msL¨vi 5 Ask n‡jv QvÎx|
¯‹zjwU‡Z Qv‡Îi msL¨v kZKiv KZ fvM? Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 20% L 40%  60% N 80% wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 43-45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
35. hw` †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi cwigvY 15% e„w× cvq K Gi Avq 1000 UvKv, L Gi Avq 1500 UvKv Ges M Gi Avq 2500
Z‡e Zvi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e? (KwVb)
UvKv|
K 1225 L 2225 M 3225 N 4225
43. K I L Gi Av‡qi AbycvZ KZ? (mnR)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  2:3 L 3:2 M 3:4 N 4:3
e¨vL¨v : K Gi Avq : L Gi Avq = 1000 : 1500 = 2 : 3 [500 Øviv fvM K‡i]
36. K : L = 2 : 3; L : M = 4 : 3 n‡j− 44. L Gi Avq : M Gi Avq = KZ? (mnR)
i. GwU avivevwnK AbycvZ K 3:4 L 4:3  3:5 N 5:3
ii. K : L : M = 2 : 3 : 4 e¨vL¨v : L Gi Avq : M Gi Avq = 1500 : 2500 = 3 : 5 [500 Avq fvM K‡i]
iii. K : L : M = 8 : 12 : 9 45. K, L I M Gi Av‡qi AbycvZ KZ? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 2:3:5 L 2:3:9 M 8:4:3 N 8 : 12 : 9
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 46-48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
37. `yBwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmv‡a©i AbycvZ 2 : 3 GKwU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ 5 : 12 : 13 Ges cwimxgv 30|
i. Zv‡ì cwiwai AbycvZ 2 : 3 46. x AbycvZÎ‡qi mvaviY ivwk n‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK© mwVK? (mnR)
ii. Zv‡ì †¶Îd‡ji AbycvZ 2 : 3  5x + 12x + 13x = 30 L 15x = 30
iii. Zv‡ì e¨v‡mi AbycvZ 4 : 6 M 25x = 30 N 35x = 30
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 47. ¶z`ªZi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 5 L6 M 12 N 13
38. i. avivevwnK Abycv‡Z wZbwU ivwkB GK RvZxq n‡Z n‡e e¨vL¨v : 30x = 30  x = 1
 ¶z`Zª i evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5x = 5x  1 = 5 †m.wg.
ii. a : b : c = 6 : 8 : 3 n‡j a : c = 2 : 1
48. e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (mnR) 2
 myR‡bi jf¨vsk = 1200 UvKv  10 = 240 UvKv
K6 L7 M 12  13
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 49-51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 59. `yBwU ivwki AbycvZ 1 : 5 Ges Zv‡ì mgwó 18 n‡j msL¨v
†Kv‡bv GK wgkª‡Y `¯Ív, wmmv I wUb i‡q‡Q| `¯Ívi cwigvY wU‡bi `ywUi ¸Ydj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
3 4 K 36 L 39  45 N 52
4
Ges wU‡bi cwigvY `¯Ívi 5 Ask| 60. `yBwU ivwki AbycvZ 2 : 5 Ges Zv‡ì mgwó 70 n‡j msL¨v
49. `¯Ív I wmmvi AbycvZ KZ? (mnR) `yBwUi AšÍidj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 3:4 L 4:5  3:5 N 5:4 K 20  30 M 40 N 50
50. `¯Ív, wUb I wmmvi AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g) 61. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5 n‡j e„nËi
K 4:3:5  3:4:5 M 3:5:4 N 5:4:3 †KvYwUi cwigvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
51. 12 †KwR wgkª‡Y wU‡bi cwigvY KZ †KwR? (ga¨g) K 45 L 60  75 N 85
K1 L2 M3 4 62. GKwU is †cwÝ‡ji c¨v‡KU jvj I meyR i‡Oi †cwÝ‡ji
msL¨vi AbycvZ 2 : 1| c¨v‡KUwU‡Z 8wU jvj †cwÝj _vK‡j
GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU †Kv‡Yi AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5;
meyR †cwÝ‡ji msL¨v KZ? (KwVb)
52. wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiYwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 2wU  4wU M 6wU N 8wU
 3x + 4x + 5x = 180 L 3x + 4x + 5x = 130
M 3x + 4x + 5x = 120 N 3x + 45 + 5x = 100 63. †Kv‡bv ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ I QvÎxi msL¨vi AbycvZ 7 : 8 Ges †gvU
e¨vL¨v : g‡b Kwi, †KvY wZbwU cÖ`Ë AbycvZ Abymv‡i h_vµ‡g 3x, 4x Ges 5x wkÿv_©xi msL¨v 855 n‡j QvÎ msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
kZ©g‡Z, 3x + 4x + 5x = 180 K 350 L 379  339 N 423
53. cÖ_g †KvYwUi wWwMÖ cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g) 64. 300 UvKv K I L As‡ki g‡a¨ Ggbfv‡e fvM K‡i †`qv n‡jv
K 30  45 M 60 N 90 K : L = 2 : 3| K KZ UvKv †cj? (ga¨g)
54. e„nËi †KvYwUi wWwMÖ cwigvc KZ? (ga¨g) K 100  120 M 160 N 200
K 45 L 60  75 N 90
115 : mgvbycvwZK fvM 65. wµ‡KU †Ljvq mvwKe, Zvwgg I gykwdK †gvU 171 ivb Ki‡j
Ges Zv‡ì iv‡bi AbycvZ 9 : 6 : 4 n‡jÑ
i. Zvwg‡gi ivb = 45 ii. mvwK‡ei ivb = 81
1 1 1
55. †mv‡nj, wgVz I mvwK‡ei g‡a¨ 6800 UvKv 2 : 3 : 9 Abycv‡Z iii. gykwd‡Ki ivb = 36
eÈb Kiv n‡jv| wgVzi cÖvß UvKv KZ? (KwVb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
K 3600 UvKv L 2800 UvKv K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 2400 UvKv N 800 UvKv e¨vL¨v : i. mwVK bq; KviY, Aby cv‡Zi msL¨v¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 9 + 6 + 4 = 19
6
Zvwg‡gi ivb = 171 Gi 19 = 54
e¨vL¨v : (12  18) : (13  18) : (19  18) = 9 : 6 : 2
AbycvZ ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 9 + 6 + 2 = 17 (ii) I (iii)
bs mwVK|
6 1 1
 wgVzi cÖvß UvKv = ( 6800 Gi
17 ) UvKv = 2400 UvKv 66. wZbwU AbycvZ 1 : 3 : 12 n‡jÑ
56. 400 UvKv evkvi, i“wg I LyKzi g‡a¨ Ggbfv‡e fvM Kiv n‡jv i. Zv‡ì mij AbycvZ 12 : 4 : 1
†hb evkvi i“wgi wØ¸Y Ges i“wg LyKzi wZb¸Y cvq| i“wgi ii. AbycvZ wZbwUi †hvMdj 21
UvKvi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g) iii. 3q Abycv‡Zi 12 ¸Y mgvb 1g
AbycvZ
K 180 UvKv L 210 UvKv M 160 UvKv  120 UvKv
e¨vL¨v : awi, LyKzi UvKv x,  iæwgi UvKv = 3x,
evkv‡ii UvKv = 2  3x = 6x K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
cÖkœg‡Z, x + 3x + x = 400 67. 456 UvKv iwng, Kwig I Aveyi g‡a¨ 3 : 4 : 5 Abycv‡Z fvM
ev, 10x = 400 K‡i w`‡jÑ
 x = 40
 iæwgi UvKv = 3x = 3  40 UvKv = 120 UvKv i. iwng cv‡e 114 UvKv
57. 160 UvKv K I L Gi g‡a¨ 5 : 3 Abycv‡Z fvM K‡i †Ìqv ii. Kwig cv‡e 152 UvKv
n‡jv| K KZ UvKv †cj? (ga¨g) iii. iwng I Aveyi wgwjZ UvKvi cwigvY 304 UvKv
 100 L 120 M 140 N 160 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : AbycvZ ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 5 + 3 = 8 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
5
 KÕ †cj = (160  8) UvKv = 100 UvKv 68. †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jvi AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5 n‡j−
58. myRb, wkcb I wicb GK‡Î eëmv K‡i 1200 UvKv jvf i. ¶z`ªZg †Kv‡Yi cwigvY 45
K‡i| hw` myRb, wkcb I wic‡bi g~ja‡bi AbycvZ 2 : 3 : 5 ii. e„nËg †Kv‡Yi cwigvY 75
nq, Z‡e myRb KZ UvKv jf¨vsk cv‡e? (ga¨g) iii. ga¨g †Kv‡Yi cwigvY 65
K 180  240 M 360 N 480 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : Abycv‡Zi msL¨v¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Avdmvi mv‡ne 16300 UvKv Zuvi ¯¿x, Kb¨v I cyÎ‡K 1 : 4 : 8
Abycv‡Z fvM K‡i †`b|
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 69-71 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 75. Zuvi ¯¿x KZ UvKv cv‡e? (ga¨g)
8000 UvKv †`vjv, `xbv I ivwdi g‡a¨ 7 : 5 : 4 Abycv‡Z fvM K‡i  1300 L 5200 M 6900 N 13000
†Ìqv n‡jv| 76. Zuvi Kb¨v KZ UvKv cv‡e? (ga¨g)
69. †`vjv KZ UvKv †c‡q‡Q? (mnR) K 1300  5200 M 6900 N 10400
K 3000 L 3200  3500 N 3800 77. Zuvi cyÎ Kb¨v A‡cÿv KZ UvKv †ewk †cj? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : AbycvZ ivwk¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 7 + 5 + 4 = 16  5200 L 6900 M 7200 N 10400
 †`vjv cvq = (8000 Gi 167 ) UvKv = 3500 UvKv A, B, C Gi g‡a¨ 330 UvKv Ggbfv‡e fvM K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv †hbÑ
70. `xbv KZ UvKv †c‡q‡Q? (mnR) A Gi Ask : B Gi Ask = 2 : 3
K 2000  2500 M 2300 N 1800 B Gi Ask : C Gi Ask = 1 : 2
5
e¨vL¨v : `xbv cvq = (8000 Gi 16) UvKv = 2500 UvKv 78. A : B : C = KZ? (ga¨g)
71. ivwd KZ UvKv †c‡q‡Q? (mnR) K 1 : 2 : 3 L 2 : 3 : 1  2 : 3 : 6 N 2 : 3 :2
 2000 L 2100 M 2300 N 2800
79. A KZ UvKv †cj? (mnR)
K 40 L 50  60 N 30
e¨vL¨v : ivwd cvq = (8000 Gi 164 ) UvKv = 2000 UvKv 80. B KZ UvKv †cj? (mnR)
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 72-74 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 40 L 60 M 70  90
1 1 3 81. C KZ UvKv †cj? (mnR)
39†KwR cv‡q‡m `ya, Pvj Ges wPwbi cwigvY 2 : 8 : 16 K 120 L 140  180 N 190
72. DÏxc‡Ki AbycvZ¸‡jvi mij AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 82-84 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 2:3:8  8:2:3 M 3:2:8 N 16 : 2 : 3 78 †KwR cv‡q‡m `ya, Pvj I wPwbi cwigvY 8 : 2 : 3.
1 1 3
e¨vL¨v : (2  16) : (8  16) : (16  16) = 8 : 2 : 3 82. `y‡ai cwigvY KZ †KwR? (ga¨g)
73. `y‡ai cwigvY KZ †KwR? (ga¨g) K 42  48 M 56 N 60
K3 L6 M9  24 83. Pv‡ji cwigvY KZ †KwR? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : 8x + 2x + 3x = 39 ev, x = 3  12 L 16 M 42 N 48
 `y‡ai cwigvY = (8  3) †KwR = 24 †KwR 84. 39 †KwR cv‡q‡m wPwbi cwigvY KZ †KwR? (KwVb)
74. 78 †KwR cv‡q‡m wPwbi cwigvY KZ †KwR? (ga¨g) 9 L 12 M 18 N 42
K9 L 16  18 N 21

85. ixbv I gxbvi eq‡mi AbycvZ 5 : 3| ixbvi eqm 15 eQi 93. wLuPzwo‡Z Pvj I Wv‡ji AbycvZ 7 : 3 n‡j Pv‡ji cwigvY
n‡j KZ eQi ci Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 5 n‡e? KZ?
K 5 eQi  6 eQi M 7 eQi N 8 eQi K 30% L 50%  70% N 90%
86. †Kv‡bv ¯‹z‡j QvÎ I QvÎxi AbycvZ 1 : 2 H ¯‹z‡j †gvU 94. K : L = 3 : 4 Ges L : M = 8 : 9 n‡j K : M = KZ?
wkÿv_©x 900 n‡j QvÎx msL¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K 3:2 L 1:2  2:3 N 4:5
K 100 L 200 M 300  600 95. wgVz I wMqvm GKwU KvR 160 UvKvq m¤úbœ Kivi Pzw³ wbj
87. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 : 4 Ges M.mv.¸. 5 n‡j, msL¨v `yBwU Ges wgVz 60 UvKv †cj| Zv‡ì gRy w ii Aby c vZ KZ?
KZ?  3:5 L 2:3 M 5:3 N 6 : 10
 15, 20 L 30, 40 M 45, 60 N 60, 80 96. hw` K : L = 2 : 3 Ges L : M = 4 : 5 nq, Z‡e M:K=
88. †Kv‡bv e‡M©i cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5% e„w× Ki‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e?  15 : 8 L 12 : 10 M 8:5 N 8 : 15
K 10%  10.25% M 12.5% N 12.25% 97. µqg~j¨ : weµqg~j¨ = 4 : 5 n‡j G‡Z kZKiv KZ jvf n‡e?
89. GKwU `ªe¨ 20% ÿwZ‡Z weµq Ki‡j, weµqg~j¨ I µqg~‡jï K 16%  25% M 20% N 1%
98. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 4 : 3 Ges Gi
AbycvZ KZ?
 4:5 L 5:4 M 1:5 N 5:1
K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 25 wg. n‡j †ÿÎdj KZ?
 300 e. wg L 130 e. wg M 135 e. wg N 175 e. wg
90. K : L = 3 : 4, L : M = 6 : 7 n‡j, K : L : M = KZ?
K 3:4:6 L 14 : 12 : 9
99. †Kv‡bv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× I cÖ¯’ 10% n«vm
 9 : 12 : 14 N 3:6:7 †ÿÎd‡ji cwieZ©b †Kgb n‡e?
91. `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 3 : 4 Ges Zv‡ì j.mv.¸. 180 n‡j K 1% e„ w ×  1% n«vm M 5% e„w× N 10% n«vm
wb‡Pi †KvbwU msL¨vØ‡qi gvb? 100. 5 : 9 Aby c vZwU cÖ w ZwU msL¨vi mv‡_ KZ †hvM Ki‡j AbycvZ
K (15, 20)  (45, 60) M (9, 12) N (36,48) 3 : 4 n‡e?
K1 7 M9 N 12
92. a : b = x : y Ges c : d = x : y n‡j, †KvbwU mwVK?
K a:x=b:y L a:y=b:x
101. GKwU `ª e ¨ 20% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j µqg~j¨ I weµqg~‡jï
M c:x=b:y  a:b=c:d AbycvZ KZ?
K 6:5  5:6 M 4:5 N 10 : 12wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 106 I 107 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
102. 5 : 8 = 15 : x n‡j x Gi gvb †KvbwU? †Zvgv‡ì K¬v‡mi †gvU wkÿv_©x msL¨v 100 Rb| †Kv‡bv GKw`b
 24 L 40 M 75 N 120 Dcw¯’Z I Abycw¯’Z wkÿv_©x msL¨vi AbycvZ 4 : 1|
103. `yBwU msL¨vi †hvMdj 20 hw` msL¨v¸‡jv 3 : 2 Abycv‡Z _v‡K; 106. Dcw¯’Z wkÿv_©x msL¨vi cwigvY KZ?
Z‡e msL¨v¸‡jvi ¸Ydj KZ?  80 Rb L 90 Rb M 70 Rb N 60 Rb
K 90 L 92  96 N 100
2 107. KZ Rb wkÿv_© x Aby
c w¯’Z wQj?
104. wZbRb †R‡j 690wU gvQ a‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì As‡ki AbycvZ 3 K 30 Rb L 40 Rb M 10 Rb  20 Rb
4 5
: : n‡jÑ wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 108 I 109 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
5 6
i. 1g †R‡j cvq 200wU GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 30 †m.wg.| evû¸‡jvi ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ 3 : 5 : 7|
ii. 2q †R‡j cvq 240wU 108. eo evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
iii. 3q †R‡j cvq 300wU K 6 †m.wg. L 7 †m.wg. M 10 †m.wg.  14 †m.wg.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 109. †QvU evûi cwigvY KZ?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  6 †m.wg. L 15 †m.wg. M 21 †m.wg. N 35 †m.wg.
1 1
105. Biv I Bgyi eq‡mi AbycvZ 23 : 33 n‡jÑ wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 110 I 111 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
KvM‡Ri c~e©g~j¨ : eZ©gvb g~j¨ 2 : 3|
i. Zv‡ì eq‡mi mij AbycvZ 7 : 10
ii. Zv‡ì eq‡mi mij Abycv‡Zi †hvMdj 17 110. 10% ÿwZ‡Z weµqg~j¨ KZ?
iii. Bgyi eqm 20 eQi n‡j Bivi eqm 14 eQi K 110 L 120  90 N †Kv‡bvwUB bq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 111. KvM‡Ri weµqg~j¨ kZKiv KZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K 40% L 70% M 20%  50%

112. i. jNy Abycv‡Zi gvb 1 A‡cÿv †QvU a c c a+c+e
a b a+b 117. i. b = d = f n‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbycvZ b + d + f
ii. =
2 2
n‡j cÖwZwU AbycvZ = 4
ii. A : B Abycv‡Z A †K DËi ivwk ejv nq
iii. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv I GK evûi AbycvZ 4 : 1
iii. µwgK mgvbycv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î me¸‡jv ivwk GK RvZxq n‡jB
n‡e
113. i. ¸iæ Abycv‡Zi gvb 1 A‡cÿv eo
a+b c+d
ii. a : b = d : c n‡j =
b c Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
1 1
iii. + = 0 n‡j (b + c) : (a + d) = 1 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 118 − 120 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
a +b c + d
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 4ab
x Gi gvb a + b
114. i. wØfvwRZ Abycv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î Abycv‡Zi ivwk¸‡jv Aek¨B
118. (x + 2a) : a Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
abvZ¥K n‡Z n‡e K (a + b) : (2a + 6b)  (2a + 6b) : (a + b)
2a M (a + b) : (3b + a) N (a + 3b) : (a + b)
ii. a : b Gi wØMvbycvZ b
119. (x + 2a) : 2b Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. cÖK…Z I AcÖK…Z AbycvZ‡K kZKivq cÖKvk Kiv hvq
K (a + b) : (5a + b) L (a + b) : (a −b)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) M (5a + b) : (a + b)  (5a + b) : 2(a + b)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 120. (x − 2a) : 2a Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
a K (a − b) : (a + b) L (a + b) : (a − b)
115. i. 2wU msL¨vi AbycvZ 1 : x I wØZxqwU a n‡j 1gwU x
 (b − a) : (a + b) N (a + b) : (b − a)
ii. kZKiv GKwU AbycvZ hvi c~e© ivwk n‡jv kZKivq ewY©Z wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 121 I 122 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
msL¨vwU †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 180 †m. wg., Ges evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ
iii. AbycvZ GKwU fMœvsk 1 4 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 5 : 15 : 3
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 121. Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ivwk x n‡j e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
116. i. 49 : 35 Gi jwNô cÖKvk 7 : 5 K 3x L 4x  5x N 6x
ii. c~e© ivwk I DËi ivwk ci¯úi mgvb nq GKvbycv‡Z 122. e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
iii. AbycvZ cÖK…Z fMœvsk n‡Z cv‡i bv K 55  75 M 82 N 90

œ 1  cÖ_g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 3x I cÖ¯’ 2y wgUvi| wØZxq Rwgi ˆ`N©¨
cÖk- 16
Avevi hLb x = 3 Ges y = 18 ZLb
4x I cÖ¯’ 3y wgUvi|
ˆ`N©¨ = 3.x wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ = 2y wgUvi
K. cÖ_g I wØZxq Rwgi †gvU †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? 2 16
L. cÖ_g RwgwU AvqZvKvi hvi †ÿÎdj 576 eM©wgUvi I = 3. 3 wgUvi = 2.18 wgUvi
cwimxgv 104 wgUvi n‡j, cÖ_g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ = 16 wgUvi = 36 wgUvi
KZ wgUvi? 4  cÖ_g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g 36 wgUvi I 16 wgUvi (Ans.)
M. wØZxq Rwgi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I †ÿÎdj KZ? RwgØ‡qi M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
†ÿÎdj I cwimxgvi AbycvZ KZ? 4 x = 12 Ges y = 8
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   wØZxq Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 4.x wgUvi
= 4.12 wgUvi = 48 wgUvi| (Ans.)
K. cÖ_g Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (3x. 2y) eM©wgUvi = 6xy eM©wgUvi| wØZxq Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 3y wgUvi = 3.8 wgUvi = 24 wgUvi|(Ans.)
wØZxq Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (4x.3y) eM©wgUvi = 12xy eM©wgUvi| wØZxq Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (48.24) eM©wgUvi
†gvU †ÿÎdj = (12xy + 6xy) eM©wgUvi = 1152 eM©wgUvi (Ans.)
= 18xy eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) " " " cwimxgv = 2(48 + 24) wgUvi
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖ_g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 3x wgUvi Ges = 144 wgUvi
cÖ¯’ 2y wgUvi ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
kZ©g‡Z, cÖ_g Rwgi †ÿÎdj = 576 eM©wgUvi
6xy = 576 .................(i) Ó cwimxgv = 104 eM©wgUvi
2(3x + 2y) = 104 ......(ii)  cÖ_g Rwgi †ÿÎdj : wØZxq Rwgi †ÿÎdj
(i) bs †_‡K cvB, = 576 : 1152 = 1 : 2 (Ans.)
6xy = 576 cÖ_g Rwgi cwimxgv : wØZxq Rwgi cwimxgv
ev, xy = 6
576 = 104 : 144 = 13 : 18 (Ans.)
ev, xy = 96 œ 2  GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 4 : 3
cÖk-
96 Ges †ÿÎdj 588 eM©wgUvi|
y=
x K. 3x : 4y = 5 : 9 n‡j x : y wbY©q Ki| 2
(ii) bs †_‡K cvB, L. evMvbwUi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
2(3x + 2y) = 104 M. evMvbwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ 10% e„w× Ki‡j †ÿÎdj
ev, 3x + 2y = 52 kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e? 4
96
ev, 3x + 2. x = 52  2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
3x 5
ev, 3x2 + 192 = 52x K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 4y = 9
ev, 3x2 − 52x + 192 = 0 ev, 27x = 20y
ev, 3x2 − 36x −16x + 192 = 0 x 20
ev, 3x(x − 12) − 16(x − 12) = 0 ev, y = 27
ev, (x − 12) (3x − 16) = 0  x : y = 20 : 27 (Ans.)
96 96 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 4 : 3
nq, x − 12 = 0 y= =
x 12
=8 g‡b Kwi, ˆ`N©¨ 4x wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 3x wgUvi
ev, x = 12  †ÿÎdj = (4x3x) eM©wgUvi
A_ev, 3x − 16 = 0 y=
96 96
= 3 = 12x2 eM©wgUvi
x 16
kZ©vbymv‡i, 12x2 = 588
ev, 3x = 16 = 18
588
16 ev, x2 = 12
ev, x = 3
ev, x2 = 49
hLb x = 12 Ges y = 8 ZLb ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wg. Ges cÖ¯’ = 2y
ev, x = 7
wg.
= 3.12 wgUvi = 2.8 wg.  evMvbwUi ˆ`N©¨ = 4x wgUvi = 4.7 wgUvi = 28 wgUvi
evMvbwUi cÖ¯’ = 3.7 wgUvi = 21 wgUvi
= 36 wgUvi =16 wgUvi
 evMv‡bi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = (28)2 + (21)2 wgUvi
= 784 + 441 wgUvi (75 + 2) †m.wg = 95 †m.wg.
= 1225 wgUvi  wÎfyRwUi Aa©-cwimxgv =
65 + 8 + 95
†m.wg.
= 35 wgUvi 2
24
 evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ : cÖ¯’ : KY© = 28 : 21 : 35 = 4 : 3 : 5 (Ans.) = 2 †m.wg.
M. 10% e„w×‡Z evMv‡bi eZ©gvb ˆ`N©¨ = (28 + 28 Gi 10%) wgUvi = 12 †m.wg.|
10
( )
= 28 + 28  100 wgUvi  wÎfyRwUi †ÿÎdj
= (28 + 28) wgUvi = 12 (12 − 65) (12 − 8) (12 − 95) eM© †m.wg.
= 308 wgUvi = 12  55  4  25 eM© †m.wg.
10% e„w×‡Z evMv‡bi eZ©gvb cÖ¯’ = (21 + 21 Gi 10%) wgUvi = 660 eM© †m.wg.
21  10 = 25690 eM© †m.wg.
= 21 + 100  wgUvi
 wÎfyRØ‡qi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ = 135 : 25690 (Ans.)
= (21 + 21) wgUvi 2 4 5
= 231 wgUvi œ 4  wZbRb †R‡j 690 wU gvQ 3 : 5 : 6 Abycv‡Z fvM Ki‡jv|
cÖk-
evMv‡bi eZ©gvb †ÿÎdj = (308  231) eM©wgUvi K. AbycvZ¸‡jv‡K c~Y©msL¨v AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
= 71148 eM©wgUvi| L. cÖ‡Z¨‡K KZwU K‡i gvQ †cj? 4
†ÿÎdj e„w× = (71148 − 588) eM©wgUvi = 12348 eM©wgUvi
M. cÖwZwU gv‡Qi `vg 50 UvKv n‡j †`LvI †h,
kZKiv e„w× =  588  100 %
12348
†R‡j‡ì gv‡Qi msL¨vi AbycvZ I `v‡gi AbycvZ
= 21% (Ans.) mgvb| 4
œ 3  GKwU wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv 18 †m.wg.| evû¸‡jvi ˆ`‡N©ï
AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5| 2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, wZbRb †R‡ji fvM K‡i †bIqv gv‡Qi AbycvZ 3
K. Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ivwk‡K x a‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q
Ki| 2 4 5
: :
L. wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 5 6
M. wÎfyRwUi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg evov‡bv n‡j Gi GLv‡b Abycv‡Zi ni¸‡jvi j.mv.¸. 30
†ÿÎdj Ges cÖ`Ë wÎfyRwUi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ 2 4 5 2 4 5
wbY©q Ki | 4
 : : =
3 5 6 3
 30 : (5
 30 :)(6
 30 )( )
= 20 : 24 : 25 (Ans.)
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cvB,
K. g‡b Kwi, evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3x, 4x Ges 5x. wZbRb †R‡ji 690wU gvQ fvM K‡i †bIqvi AbycvZ 20 : 24 : 25
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 3x + 4x + 5x = 18 g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq †R‡j cvq h_vµ‡g 20x, 24x
ev, 12 x = 18 I 25xwU gvQ|
18 cÖkœvbymv‡i, 20x + 24x + 25x = 690
ev, x = 12 ev, 69x = 690
 x = 15 (Ans.) 690
ev, x = 69
L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß, x = 15  x = 10
 evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨, (3  15) †m.wg. = 45 †m.wg.  cÖ_g †R‡j cvq = (20  10) ev, 200wU gvQ
(4 15) †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg. wØZxq †R‡j cvq = (24  10) ev, 240wU gvQ
(5 15) †m.wg. = 75 †m.wg. Z…Zxq †R‡j cvq = (25  10) ev, 250wU gvQ (Ans.)
4.5 + 6 + 75 M. ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cvB,
 wÎfyRwUi Aa©cwimxgv, S = 2
†m.wg.
cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq †R‡ji cÖvß gv‡Qi msL¨v h_vµ‡g
18
= †m.wg. = 9 †m.wg. 200wU, 240wU I 250wU|
2
 wÎfyRwUi †ÿÎdj
GLb, cÖwZwU gv‡Qi `vg 50 UvKv n‡j,
cÖ_g †R‡ji cÖvß gv‡Qi †gvU `vg = (200  50) UvKv
= 9 (9 − 45) (9 − 6) (9 −75) eM© †m.wg. = 10000 UvKv
= 9  45  3 15 eM© †m.wg. wØZxq †R‡ji cÖ vß gv‡Qi †gvU `vg = (240  50) UvKv
= 12000 UvKv
= 18225 eM© †m.wg. Ges Z…Zxq †R‡ji cÖvß gv‡Qi †gvU `vg = (250  50) UvKv
= 13·5 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.) = 12500 UvKv
M. wÎfyRwUi evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg. evov‡bv n‡j, Gi  cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq †R‡ji cÖvß gv‡Qi `v‡gi AbycvZ
evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e = 10000 : 12000 : 12500
= 100 : 120 : 125
(45 + 2) †m.wg = 65 †m.wg. = 20 : 24 : 25
(6 + 2) †m.wg = 8 †m.wg. hv ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß †R‡j‡ì gv‡Qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb|
 †R‡j‡ì gv‡Qi msL¨vi AbycvZ I `v‡gi AbycvZ mgvb| K. mvwK‡ei ivb : Zvwg‡gi ivb = 5 : 6 = 20 : 24
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Zvwg‡gi ivb : gykwd‡Ki ivb = 24 : 25
mvwK‡ei ivb : Zvwg‡gi ivb : gykwd‡Ki ivb = 20 : 24 : 25
œ 5  GKwU Awd‡m 2 Rb Kg©KZ©v, 7 Rb KiwYK Ges 3 Rb
cÖk- wb‡Y©q AbycvZ : 20 : 24 : 25
wcIb Av‡Q| GKRb wcIb 1 UvKv †c‡j GKRb KiwYK cvq 2 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K wZbR‡bi iv‡bi AbycvZ 20 : 24 : 25
UvKv, GKRb Kg©KZ©v cvq 4 UvKv| Zv‡ì mK‡ji †gvU †eZb AbycvZmg~‡ni †hvMdj = 20 + 24 + 25 = 69
1,50,000 UvKv| 20
K. mK‡ji †eZ‡bi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2 ( )
mvwK‡ei ivb msL¨v 276 Gi 69 = 80 ivb
L. †K KZ UvKv cv‡e wbY©q Ki| 4 24
M. Kg©KZ©vi cÖvc¨ †eZb 1 : 4 Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i 1g ( )
Zvwg‡gi ivb msL¨v 276 Gi 69 = 96 ivb
Ask wb‡Ri Rb¨ †i‡L evwK Ask gv, fvB I †ev‡bi 25
g‡a¨ 3 : 2 : 1 Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i w`‡j †K KZ ( )
gykwd‡Ki ivb msL¨v 276 Gi 69 = 100 ivb
cv‡e? 4  mvwK‡ei ivbmsL¨v 80, Zvwg‡gi 96 I gykwd‡Ki 100| (Ans.)
M. mvwKe I Zvwg‡gi UvKvi AbycvZ = 5 : 4 = 15 : 12
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Zvwgg I gykwd‡Ki UvKvi AbycvZ = 3 : 4 = 12 : 16
K. GKRb Kg©KZ©vi †eZb : GKRb KiwY‡Ki †eZb : GKRb mvwKe, Zvwgg I gykwd‡Ki UvKvi AbycvZ = 15 : 12 : 16
wcI‡bi †eZb = 4 : 2 : 1 AbycvZmg~‡ni †hvMdj = 15 + 12 + 16 = 43
GLb, wZbR‡bi GK‡Î cÖvß UvKvi cwigvY = 2924000 UvKv
 2 Rb Kg©KZ©vi †eZb : 7 Rb KiwY‡Ki †eZb : 3 Rb 15
wcI‡bi †eZb = (4  2) : (2  7) : (1  3)  mvwK‡ei cÖvß UvKvi cwigvY 2924000 Gi 43
( )
= 8 : 14 : 3 (Ans.) = 10,20,000 UvKv
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß AbycvZ = 8 : 14 : 3 12
AbycvZmg~‡ni †hvMdj = 8 + 14 + 3 = 25 (
Zvwg‡gi UvKvi cwigvY 2924000 Gi 43 )
150000 = 8,16,000 UvKv
mgvbycvwZK fvM = 25 = 6000 16
Kg©KZ©vi †eZb = (4  6000) UvKv = 24000 UvKv (
gykwd‡Ki UvKvi cwigvY 2924000 Gi 43 )
KiwY‡Ki †eZb = (2  6000) UvKv = 12000 UvKv = 10,88,000 UvKv
Ges wcI‡bi †eZb = (1  6000) UvKv = 6000 UvKv mvwK‡ei cÖvß UvKv 10,20,000, Zvwg‡gi UvKv 8,16,000 Ges
 Kg©KZ©v cv‡e 24000 UvKv, KiwYK cv‡e 12000 UvKv Ges gykwd‡Ki 10,88,000 UvKv| (Ans.)
wcIb cv‡e 6000 UvKv|(Ans.) œ 7  GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ y wgUvi|
cÖk-
M. GLv‡b, Kg©KZ©vi †eZb = 24000 UvKv [ÔLÕ †_‡K] AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× Ges cÖ¯’ 10% n«vm †c‡jÑ
 †Ìqv Av‡Q, Kg©KZ©vi cÖvc¨ †eZb 1 : 4 Abycv‡Z wef³ Kiv nq| K. ˆ`N©¨ e„w× I cÖ¯’ n«v‡mi cwigvY KZ? 2
 Abycv‡Zi †hvMdj = 1 + 4 = 5 L. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4
1 M. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ n«vm ev e„w×
 wb‡Ri Ask 24000 Gi 5 UvKv = 4800 UvKv
( ) cv‡e? 4
4
 evwK Ask 24000 Gi 5 UvKv = 19200 UvKv
( )  7cª‡kœi mgvavb 
Avevi evwK Ask gv, fvB I †ev‡bi g‡a¨ 3 : 2 : 1 Abycv‡Z K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x wg. I cÖ¯’ y.
wef³ K‡i †`q|  †ÿÎdj = xy eM© wg.
 AbycvZ¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 GLb, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× cvq|
 gv cv‡e 19200 Gi
3  ˆ`N©¨ e„w×i cwigvY (x Gi 10%) wg.
( 6)
UvKv = 9600 UvKv
10
2
fvB cv‡e (19200 Gi 6) UvKv = 6400 UvKv
= (x Gi 100) wg.
10x
1 = wg.
Ges †evb cv‡e (19200 Gi 6) UvKv = 3200 UvKv 100
x
gv cv‡e 9600 UvKv, fvB cv‡e 6400 UvKv Ges †evb cv‡e =
10
wg.
3200 UvKv| (Ans.) AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cÖ¯’ 10% n«vm cvq|
œ 6  wµ‡KU †Ljvq mvwKe, Zvwgg I gykwdK GK‡Î 276 ivb
cÖk-  cÖ¯’ n«v‡mi cwigvY (y Gi 10%)
Kij| mvwKe, Zvwgg Ges Zvwgg, gykwd‡Ki iv‡bi AbycvZ 10
h_vµ‡g 5 : 6 Ges 24 : 25| evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU †evW© †_‡K Zviv = (y Gi 100) wg.
GK‡Î 2924000 UvKv cyi¯‹vi †cj| =
10y
wg.
K. AbycvZ `yBwU‡K avivevwnK Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2 100
y
L. cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki iv‡bi msL¨v KZ? 4 = 10 wg.
M. cyi¯‹v‡ii UvKv Ggbfv‡e fvM K‡i `vI †hb x
mvwKe 5 UvKv †c‡j Zvwgg cvq 4 UvKv| Avevi AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ e„w×i cwigvY 10 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ n«v‡mi
Zvwgg 3 UvKv †c‡j gykwdK cvq 4 UvKv| 4 y
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  cwigvY 10 wgUvi| (Ans.)
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× †c‡j, 2
ˆ`N©¨ e„w×i cwigvY

x
wgUvi
 †ÿÎdj e„w× = (121a
100
− a ) eM© GKK
2 [K bs eënvi K‡i]
10 121 a2 − 100a2 21a2
x = = 100 eM© GKK
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ewa©Z ˆ`N©¨ ( ) wgUvi
= x+
10
100
†gvU e„w×  100
10x + x  kZKiv †ÿÎdj e„w× = g~j †ÿÎdj %
= ( ) wgUvi
10
21a2
=
11x
wgUvi  100
10 100 21 a2
= %= 2 %
y a2 a
cÖ¯’ 10% n«vm †c‡j, cÖ¯’ n«v‡mi cwigvY 10 wgUvi = 21%. (Ans.)
y M. †h‡nZy, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a GKK
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi n«vmK…Z cÖ¯’ = y − 10 wgUvi
( )  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = a2 eM© GKK
10y − y 10% n«v‡m eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (a − a Gi 10%)
=
 10  wgUvi 10
=
9y
10
wgUvi
(
= a − a Gi
100 )
GKK
a
AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨
11x
10
9y
wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 10 wgUvi (Ans.)
= a−( 10 )
GKK
9a
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, =
10
GKK
11x 9y 9a 2
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwiewZ©Z ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi, cÖ¯’ 10 wgUvi
11x 9y
 cwiewZ©Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ( )10
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 10  10 eM©wgUvi
( ) =
81a2
eM© GKK
100
99xy
eM©wgUvi 81a2
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq = a2 − 100 eM© GKK
=
100
99xy
( )
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq xy − 100 eM©wgUvi
( ) =
100a2 −81a2
 100  eM© GKK
xy 19a2
=
100
eM©wgUvi = 100 eM© GKK
xy
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj xy eM©wgUv‡i n«vm cvq 100 eM©wg. †gvU n«vmK…Z †ÿÎdj  100
 kZKiv †ÿÎdj n«vm cv‡e = g~j †ÿÎdj %
xy  100
 Ó Ó 100 Ó Ó 100  xy Ó Ó 19a2
 100
100
= 1 eM©wgUvi = %
a2
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 1% n«vm cv‡e| (Ans.) 19a2
= 2 % = 19% (Ans.)
œ 8  †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi cwigvY 10% e„w× cvq|
cÖk- a
K. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K a GKK a‡i e„w×cÖvß œ 9  GKwU Rwgi †ÿÎdj 588 eM© wg. H Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i
cÖk-
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj KZ? 2 m‡½ Aci GKwU Rwgi ‰`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ h_vµ‡g 3 : 4 Ges
2 : 3.
L. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e? 4
M. hw` Dnvi evûi cwigvY 10% n«vm cvq Z‡e K. `yBwU AvbycvwZK aªæeK x I y we‡ePbv K‡i Rwg `yBwUi
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ n«vm cv‡e? 4 ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q c~e©K AvbygvwbK wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2
L. 1g Rwgi †ÿÎd‡ji †ÿ‡Î GKwU mgxKiY ˆZwi Ki| 4
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. Aci Rwgi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki Ges †Kvb Rwgi
K. †h‡nZz eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a GKK †ÿÎdj †ewk? 4
10% e„w×‡Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨  9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= (a + a Gi 10%) GKK K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
10
( )
= a + a Gi 100 GKK 1g Rwgi †ÿÎdj = 588 eM© wg.
1g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ : 2q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 3 : 4
a 11a
= (a + ) GKK = GKK 1g Rwgi cÖ¯’ : 2q Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 2 : 3
10 10
2 g‡b Kwi, 1g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wg.
11a
 cwiewZ©Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ( ) eM© GKK 2q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 4x wg.
10
121a2 1g Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 2y wg.
= 100 eM© GKK (Ans.) 2q Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 3 y wg.
L. †h‡nZz eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a GKK
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = a2 eM© GKK
4x wg. 1 1 2
3x wg.
K. cÖ`Ë AbycvZ = 4 : 6 : 3
2y wg. 1g Rwg 2q Rwg 3y wg. = (14  12) : (16  12) : (23 12)
[12 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
=3:2
:8
L. 1g Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wg. wb‡Y©q mij AbycvZ = 3 : 2 : 8
1g Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 2y wg. L. GLv‡b, †gvU A_© = 24075 UvKv
 1g Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (3x  2y) eM©wg. = 6 xy eMwg. `vdb Kv‡h© e¨q = 675 UvKv
cÖkœg‡Z, 6xy = 588 BnvB wb‡Y©q mgxKiY| (Ans.)  Aewkó A_© = (24075 − 675) UvKv = 23400 UvKv
ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß AbycvZ = 3 : 2 : 8
M. 2q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 4x wg.  Abycv‡Zi msL¨v¸‡jvi †hvMdj = 3 + 2 + 8 = 13
2q Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 3y wg. 8
 Kb¨vØ‡qi Ask = 23400 UvKvi
 2q Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (4x  3y) eM©wg. 13
= 12xy eM©wg. = 1800  8 UvKv
= 2.6xy eM©wg. = 14400 UvKv|(Ans.)
= 2  588 eM©wg. [ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z] M. ¯^vgxi Ask = 23400 UvKvi 13
3
= 1176 eM©wg.
= 1800  3 UvKv
 †ÿÎdj †ewk = (1176 − 588) eM©wg.
= 5400 UvKv
= 588 eM©wg.
2
wb‡Y©q Aci Rwgi †ÿÎdj 1176 eM© wg. Ges 588 eM©wg. †ewk| gv‡qi Ask = 23400 UvKvi 13
œ 10  ivqnvbv †eMg g„Zz¨Kv‡j 24075 UvKv †i‡L gviv †M‡jb|
cÖk- = 1800  2 UvKv
`vdb Kv‡h© 675 UvKv e¨q n‡jv| Aewkó UvKv ¯^vgx, gv Ges = 3600 UvKv
1 1 2 14400
Kb¨vØ‡qi g‡a¨ 4 : 6 : 3 Abycv‡Z wef³ n‡jv− Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Kb¨vi Ask = UvKv = 7200 UvKv
2
K. cÖ`Ë AbycvZwU‡K mij Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2  ¯^vgx Ges gv‡qi As‡ki eëavb
L. Kb¨vØ‡qi Ask wbY©q Ki| 4 = (5400 − 3600) UvKv = 1800 UvKv
M. cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Ask wbY©q Ki Ges ¯^vgx I gv‡qi
 ¯^vgxi 5400 UvKv, gvi 3600 UvKv, cÖ‡Z¨K Kb¨vi 7200
As‡ki eëavb KZ? 4
UvKv Ges eëavb 1800 UvKv| (Ans.)

œ 11  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5.
cÖk-  2s = 3x + 4x + 5x
K. wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgvi mv‡_ evûi m¤úK© wbY©q Ki Ges ev, 2s = 12x
cwimxgvi mv‡_ †ÿÎd‡ji m¤úK© _vK‡j †`LvI| 2 ev, 36 = 12x [ cwimxgv, 2s = 36 †m.wg.]
L. wÎfzRwUi cwimxgv 36 †m.wg. n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K evûi 36
ev, x = 12
ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki Ges †ÿÎdj KZ †`LvI| 4
x=3
M. evûmg~‡ni AbycvZ †KvYÎ‡qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb n‡j
 wÎfz‡Ri evûÎq h_vµ‡g 9 †m.wg., 12 †m.wg. Ges 15 †m.wg.
†KvY wZbwU wWwMÖ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| wÎfz‡Ri
Avevi, Aa©cwimxgv s = (36  2) †m.wg. = 18 †m.wg.
Aa©cwimxgv e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© n‡j e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj I ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB,
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ †ei Ki| 4
 wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 18(18 − 9)(18 − 12)(18 − 15) eM© †m.wg.
K. awi, wÎfz‡Ri Aa© cwimxgv = s Ges evûÎq h_vµ‡g a, b I c = 18.9.6.3 eM© †m.wg.
 cwimxgv, 2s = a + b + c = 2916 eM© †m.wg. = 54 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
a+b+c
M. cÖkœg‡Z, †KvYÎ‡qi AbycvZ = 3 : 4 : 5
ev, s = 2 awi, †KvYÎq h_vµ‡g 3x, 4x I 5x
Avgiv Rvwb, wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó = 180
Avevi, wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
 cÖkœg‡Z, 3x + 4x + 5x = 180
BnvB wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgvi mv‡_ †ÿÎd‡ji m¤úK©|
ev, 12x = 180
L. ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB, 2s = a + b + c  x = 15
awi, wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evû h_vµ‡g 3x, 4x I 5x  wÎfz‡Ri †KvYÎq h_vµ‡g, 3x = 3  15 = 45
4x = 4  15 = 60 M. cÖ‡Z¨K A`ÿ kªwgK Zvi evwl©K gRywii 5%
5x = 5  15 = 75 cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Û Rgv †`b Ges KviLvbvi gvwjK
cÖkœg‡Z, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = wÎfz‡Ri Aa©cwimxgv mgcwigvY A_© D³ dv‡Û Rgv w`‡j, 20 eQi ci
= 18 †m.wg. cÖ‡Z¨K A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki dv‡Û KZ UvKv Rgv n‡e? 4
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r2  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= .182 eM© †m.wg.
= 324 eM© †m.wg. K. g‡b Kwi, `ÿ kªwgK msL¨v = x
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj : wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 324 : 54 A`ÿ kªwgK msL¨v = y
= 6 : 1 (Ans.)  cÖwZR‡bi 180 UvKv wn‡m‡e `ÿ kªwgK‡ì ˆ`wbK †gvU gRywi
œ 12  wµ‡KU †Ljvq mvwKe, gykwdKzi I gvkivdx 171 ivb
cÖk- = 180x UvKv
Kij| mvwKe I gykwdKz‡ii Ges gykwdKzi I gvkivdxi ivb msL¨vi Ges Ó 150 Ó Ó A_©vr Ó Ó Ó Ó = 150y UvKv
AbycvZ 3 : 2. cÖ k œ g‡Z, x + y = 250 Ó
Ges 180x + 150y = 39600 (Ans.)
K. mvwKe, gykwdKzi I gvkivdxi ivb msL¨vi avivevwnK
AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K, x + y = 250 .............(i)
180x + 150y = 39600 ...............(ii)
L. mvwKe, gykwdKzi I gvkivdxi ivb msL¨v KZ wbY©q
(i) bs †K 150 Øviv ¸Y K‡i (ii) bs †_‡K we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
Ki| 4 180x + 150y = 39600
M. GKwU wÎ‡`kxq wµ‡KU wmwi‡R m¨vgy‡qjm, †MBj, 150x + 150y = 37500
cy‡qj 183 ivb K‡i| m¨vgy‡qjm I †MBj Ges (−) (−) (−)
†MBj I cy‡q‡ji iv‡bi AbycvZ 5 : 4| †MBj I 30x = 2100
cy‡q‡ji †gvU ivb msL¨v Ges mvwKe I gykwdKz‡ii ev, x = 30
2100
†gvU ivb msL¨vi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
 x = 70 Rb
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q, 70 + y = 250
K. mvwK‡ei ivb : gykwdKz‡ii ivb = 3 : 2 = 9 : 6 ev, y = 250 − 70
gykwdK : gvkivdxi ivb = 3 : 2 = 6 : 4  y = 180
mvwKe : gykwdK : gvkivdxi ivb = 9 : 6 : 4 (Ans.) `ÿ kªwgK‡ì ˆ`wbK †gvU gRywi = (70  180) UvKv
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, = 12600 UvKv
mvwKe : gykwdK : gvkivdxi ivb = 9 : 6 : 4 A`ÿ kªwgK‡ì ˆ`wbK †gvU gRywi = (180  150) UvKv
AbycvZ¸‡jvi †hvMdj = (9 + 6 + 4) = 19 = 27000 UvKv
 9 9
mvwK‡ei iv‡bi cwigvY = 171 Gi 19 = 81 ivb  `ÿ I A`ÿ kª w gK‡ì ˆ`wbK †gvU gRywii AbycvZ
= 12600 : 27000
gykwdKz‡ii iv‡bi cwigvY = 171 Gi 19 = 54 ivb
9 6
= 126 : 270
= 7 : 15 (Ans.)
gvkivdxi iv‡bi cwigvY = 171 Gi 19 = 36 ivb
9 4
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
M. m¨vgy‡qjm : †MB‡ji ivb = 5 : 4 = 25 : 20 cÖwZ A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki ˆ`wbK gRywi = 150 UvKv
†MB‡ji ivb : cy‡q‡ji ivb = 5 : 4 = 20 : 16  cÖwZ A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki evwl©K gRywi = (150  365) UvKv
 m¨vgy‡qjvm : †MBj : cy‡q‡ji ivb = 25 : 20 : 16 [ 1 eQi = 365 w`b]
wZbR‡bi iv‡bi Abycv‡Zi †hvMdj = 25 + 20 + 16 = 61 = 54750 UvKv
†MB‡ji ivb msL¨v = 183 Gi 61 = 60 ivb cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Û Rgv †`q = 54750 UvKv Gi 5%
3 20
cy‡q‡ji ivb msL¨v = 183 Gi 61 = 48 ivb

3 16 = (54750  1005 ) UvKv
= 2737.5 UvKv|
†MBj I cy‡q‡ji †gvU ivb msL¨v = 60 + 48 = 108
myZivs KviLvbvi gvwjK Rgv w`j = 2737.5 UvKv
mvwKe I gykwdKz‡ii †gvU ivb msL¨v = 81 + 54 = 135
cÖ‡Z¨K A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki cÖwf‡W›U dv‡Û
 †MBj I cy‡q‡ji †gvU ivb : mvwKe I gykwdKz‡ii †gvU ivb
1 eQ‡i †gvU Rgv n‡jv = (2737.5 + 2737.5) UvKv
= 108 : 135 = 4 : 5 (Ans.)
= 5475 UvKv
œ 13  GKwU KviLvbvi ˆ`wbK gRywi, cÖwZ `ÿ kªwg‡Ki 180
cÖk-
 20 eQi ci cÖ‡Z¨K A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki dv‡Û
UvKv I A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki 150 UvKv| †gvU kªwgK msL¨v 250 Ges
ˆ`wbK †gvU gRywi 39600 UvKv| Rgv n‡e = 20  5475 UvKv
= 1,09,500 UvKv (Ans.)
K. Ic‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
L. `ÿ I A`ÿ kªwg‡Ki ˆ`wbK †gvU gRywii AbycvZ œ 14  g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x Ges cÖ¯’ y|
cÖk-
wbY©q Ki| 4
K. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj I cwimxgv wbY©‡qi m~Î †jL| 2 11x
= 10 GKK
L. hw` x = y nq Ges evûi ˆ`N©¨ 20% e„w× Kiv nq|
Z‡e †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e| 4 Ges bZzb AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = y − 10 GKK
y
M. hw` AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× Kiv nq Ges cÖ¯’
( )
9y
10% n«vm Kiv nq Z‡e AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 10 GKK
kZKiv KZ e„w× ev n«vm cv‡e? 4
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   bZzb AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (11x 9y
10 10)
 eM© GKK
K. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’) eM© GKK 99xy

= 100 eM© GKK
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2(ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) GKK
99xy
L. x = y n‡j AvqZ‡ÿÎwU eM©‡ÿÎ n‡e|
awi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK|
(
†ÿÎdj n«vm cvq = xy − 100 ) eM© GKK
100xy − 99xy
 eM©‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj a2 eM© GKK| =  100  eM© GKK
20% e„w× †c‡j cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ nq xy
= (a + a Gi 20%) GKK =
100
eM© GKK
20a n«vm
= (a + 100 ) GKK = (a + 5a) GKK  kZKiv †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq = c~‡e©i †ÿÎdj  100
5a + a 6a xy
= 5
GKK = 5 GKK 100
2 = xy
G‡ÿ‡Î, e„w×K…Z eM©‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj (6a5) eM© GKK =
xy

1
 100
36a2 100 xy
= 25 eM© GKK =1
2 kZKiv †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq 1% (Ans.)
 †ÿÎdj e„w× cvq (36a25 − a ) eM© GKK
2
œ 15  GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ 5 : 4|

cÖk-
1 1
−
=   eM© GKK
36a2 25a2
25  K. KY©mn RwgwU AuvK Ges cÖ`Ë AbycvZwU‡K a : b
11a2 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
=
25
eM© GKK L. RwgwUi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ †ei Ki| 4
†gvU e„w× M. hw` AvqZvKvi RwgwUi †ÿÎdj 192 eM©wg. nq Ges
 kZKiv †ÿÎdj e„w× = g~j †ÿÎdj  100 GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv hw` AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi
11a2
cwimxgvi mgvb nq, Z‡e eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q
25 Ki| 4
= 2  100
a  15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
11a2 1 K.
=   100
25 a2 D C
= 44
kZKiv †ÿÎdj e„w× cv‡e 44% (Ans.)
M. awi, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ = x GKK Ges cÖ¯’ = y GKK
myZivs AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = xy eM© GKK A B
10
g‡b Kwi,
(
ˆ`N©¨ e„w× cvq x Gi 10% = x Gi 100 GKK ) ABCD GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwg hvi KY© AC|
1 1
x ˆ`N©¨ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ = 5 : 4
=
10
GKK
1 1
10 =  20 :  20 [20 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
5 4
cÖ¯’ n«vm cvq y Gi 10% = y Gi( 100 ) GKK
= 4 : 5 (Ans.)
y L. ÔKÕ †_‡K awi,
=
10
GKK AvqZvKvi RwgwUi ˆ`N©¨, AB = 4x
x KY©, AC = 5x
 bZzb AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = x + 10 GKK
( ) Ges cÖ¯’ = BC
ABC †_‡K,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [ B = 90]  x=4
ev, (5x)2 = (4x)2 + BC2  AvqZvKvi Rwgi cwimxgv = 2(4x + 3x) wg.
ev, 25x2 − 16x2 = BC2 = 14x wg.
ev, BC2 = 9x2 = 14  4 wg.
 BC = 3x = 56 wg.
 ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ = 4x : 3x : 5x awi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a wg.
= 4 : 3 : 5 (Ans.)
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K,  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 4a wg.
ABCD AvqZvKvi Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (4x  3x) eM©wg. cÖkœg‡Z, 4a = 56
 a = 14
= 12x2 eM©wg.
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = a2 eM©wgUvi = (14)2 eM©wgUvi
cÖkœg‡Z, 12x2 = 192
= 196 eM©wgUvi (Ans.)
ev, x2 = 16 [12 Øviv fvM K‡i]

œ 16  GKwU evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj 11 Gqi 76 eM©wgUvi| H
cÖk- œ 20  mygb I Bmjvg GKB e¨vsK †_‡K GKB w`‡b 10% nvi
cÖk-
evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i mv‡_ Aci GKwU evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i mij my‡` Avjv`v Avjv`v cwigvY A_© avi K‡i| mygb 2 eQi ci
AbycvZ 4 : 3 Ges 3 : 2|
K. evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj‡K eM©wgUv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 gybvdv-Avm‡j hZ UvKv †kva K‡i 3 eQi ci Bmjvg my`-Avm‡j
L. wØZxq evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj wbY©q K‡i †`LvI †h, wØZxq evMv‡bi ZZ UvKv †kva K‡i|
†ÿÎdj cÖ_g evMv‡bi †ÿÎd‡ji A‡a©K| 4 K. mygb I Bmjv‡gi F‡Yi cwigvY h_vµ‡g x I y UvKv n‡j,
M. cÖ_g evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 15% n«vm Ki‡j evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ n«vm Zv‡ì F‡Yi my` KZ UvKv? 2
ev e„w× n‡e wbY©q Ki| 4 L. Zv‡ì F‡Yi AbycvZ KZ UvKv? 4
DËi : K. 1176 eM©wgUvi; M. 176.4 eM©wgUvi n«vm n‡e|
M. †gvU FY 1000 UvKv n‡j, e¨vsK †_‡K †K KZ UvKv FY wb‡qwQj? 4
œ 17  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri Aa©cwimxgv 24 †m.wg.| evû¸‡jvi
cÖk- x 3y
ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ 3 : 4 : 5| DËi : K. 5 UvKv I 10 UvKv L. 13 : 12 M. 5200 UvKv I 4800 UvKv
K. Abycv‡Zi mvaviY ivwk‡K x a‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2
L. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 5
œ 21  `yBwU msL¨vi AbycvZ 6 : 1 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv|
cÖk-
M. wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg. evov‡bv n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj
Ges cÖ`Ë wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
K. AbycvZ‡K c~Y© msL¨vi Abycv‡Z cÖKvk Ki| AbycvZ ivwkØ‡qi
DËi : K. 9; L. 96 eM© †m.wg.; M. 1 : 1778. mgwó KZ? 2
cÖk-œ 18  gvZv I Kb¨vi eZ©gvb eq‡mi mgwó 60 eQi| 5 eQi
L. msL¨v `yBwUi M.mv.¸. 4 n‡j, msL¨v `yBwUi j.mv.¸. KZ?
c~‡e© Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ 7 : 3| msL¨v `yBwU KZ? 4
K. eZ©gv‡b Zv‡ì eq‡mi AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
M. msL¨v `yBwUi mv‡_ KZ †hvM Ki‡j msL¨v `yBwUi AbycvZ 7 : 8
L. gvZv I Kb¨vi eZ©gvb eqm KZ? 4
a2 n‡e? H msL¨v `yBwUi j.mv.¸. KZ? 4
M. 10 eQi c‡i gvZv I Kb¨vi eq‡mi AbycvZ hw` b2 Gi mgvb DËi : K. 5 : 6, 11; L. 120, 20, 24; M. 8, 224
(a + b)2 + (a − b)2 4
nq, cÖgvY Ki (a + b)2 − (a − b)2 = 4
œ 22  AvwkK I Avwi‡di Av‡qi AbycvZ 5 : 3 Ges Zv‡ì
cÖk-
15
e¨‡qi AbycvZ 8 : 3 Ges Zv‡ì mÂ‡qi AbycvZ 3 : 2 Zv‡ì †gvU
DËi : K. 7x + 5, 3x + 5; L. gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm 40 eQi, Kb¨vi 20 eQi|
mÂq 360|1 1
œ 19  GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 3 : 4
cÖk-
K. Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mÂ‡qi cwigvY KZ? 2
Ges †ÿÎdj 588 eM© wgUvi| L. Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Av‡qi cwigvY KZ? 4
K. 3x : 5y = 15 : 30 n‡j x : y wbY©q Ki| 2
M. Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki e¨‡qi cwigvY KZ? Avwi‡di e¨q Avwk‡Ki
L. evMvbwUi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I K‡Y©i AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
e¨‡qi kZKiv KZ Ask? 4
M. evMvbwU ˆ`‡N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’ 10% e„w× †c‡j †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ
DËi : K. 216 UvKv, 144 UvKv; L. 280 UvKv, 168 UvKv; M.
e„w× cv‡e? 4
64 UvKv, 24 UvKv I 37.5%
DËi : K. 5 : 6; L. 4 : 3 : 5; M. 21%

œ 23  GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× I cÖ¯’ 10% n«vm
cÖk- K. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi e„w×cÖvß ˆ`N©¨ x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
cvq| AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g x I y| L. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ n«vm cvq? 4
M. n«vmK…Z †ÿÎdjwU kZKivq cÖKvk Ki| hw`
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ 10% n«vm bv †c‡q e„w× †cZ Z‡e
†ÿÎdj KZ e„w× †cZ? 4 e„w× †c‡j Gi †ÿÎdj kZKiv KZ e„w× cv‡e? 4
K. g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x GKK Ges cÖ¯’ y GKK K. g‡b Kwi, wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv 3x, 5x I 7x|
10 x cÖkœg‡Z, 3x + 5x + 7x = 45
( )
ˆ`N©¨ e„w× cvq x Gi 10% = x  100 GKK = 10 GKK ev, 15x = 45
x 11x x=3
 bZzb ˆ`‡N©ï cwigvY x + 10 GKK = 10 GKK
( )  evû¸‡jv 9 †m.wg. 15 †m.wg. I 21 †m.wg.|
L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x GKK I cÖ¯’ y GKK C
15 †m.wg.
 †ÿÎdj = xy eM© GKK 9 †m.wg.
11x
Ges e„w× cÖvß ˆ`‡N©ï cwigvY = 10 GKK A B
21 †m.wg.
10 y
Avevi, cÖ¯’ n«vm cvq y Gi 10% = ( )
y
100
GKK = 10 GKK †KvY‡f‡` wÎfzRwU ¯’~j‡KvYx wÎfzR KviY ACB ¯’~j‡KvY|
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß evû¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e„nËi evû = 21 †m.wg. Ges
( y)
 n«vm cÖvß cÖ‡¯’i cwigvY y − 10
9y
GKK = 10 GKK ¶z`ªZi evû = 9 †m.wg.
21 †m.wg.
11x 9y D C
 bZzb †ÿÎd‡ji cwigvY ( 10  10) eM© GKK
9 †m.wg. 9 †m.wg.
99xy
=
100
eM© GKK A B
21 †m.wg.
 †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq (xy −
99xy
100 ) eM© GKK DcwiD³ Aw¼Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨, AB = CD = 21 †m.wg.
100xy − 99xy
I cÖ¯’, AD = BC = 9 †m.wg.
= eM© GKK 
 100  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y© i ˆ`N© ¨ , AC = AB2 + BC2 †m.wg.
=
xy
eM© GKK (Ans.)
= 212 + 92 †m.wg.
100 = 441 + 81 †m.wg.
xy
M. ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq 100 eM© GKK Ges c~‡e©i = 522 †m.wg.
†ÿÎdj = xy eM© GKK| AC †K GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû ai‡j, H eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
 n«vmK…Z †ÿÎd‡ji kZKiv cwigvY = AC2 eM© GKK
= ( 522)2 eM© GKK
n«vm cvIqv †ÿÎdj  xy
 = 522 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
=  c~‡e©i †ÿÎdj  100% =  xy  100% = 1%
100
  M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖ vß,
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ hw` 10% e„w× †cZ Zvn‡j, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ = 21 †m.wg.
10 y Ó cÖ¯’ = 9 †m.wg.
( )
cÖ¯’ e„w× nZ y Gi 10% = y  100 GKK = 10 GKK  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (21  9) eM© †m.wg.
y 11y = 189 eM© †m.wg.
 bZzb cÖ¯’ n‡Zv = y + 10 GKK = 10 GKK
( ) ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× †c‡j AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi bZzb ˆ`N©¨ n‡e
Avevi, ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, = (21 + 21 Gi 10%) †m.wg.
11x 10
10% e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`‡N©ï cwigvY nq
10
GKK (
= 21 + 21 Gi 100 †m.wg. )
11x 11y 121xy
 †ÿÎdj n‡Zv = 10  10 eM© GKK = 100 eM© GKK = 23.1 †m.wg.
( ) cÖ¯’ 10% e„w× †c‡j AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi bZzb cÖ¯’ n‡e
121xy
 †ÿÎdj e„w× †cZ = 100 − xy eM© GKK = (9 + 9 Gi 10%) †m.wg.
( ) 10
=
121xy − 100xy
100
eM© GKK
= 9 + 9 Gi 100 †m.wg. ( )
21xy
= 9.9 †m.wg.
=
100
eM© GKK (Ans.)  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi bZzb †ÿÎdj n‡e = (231  99) eM© †m. wg.
= 28869 eM© †m. wg.
œ 24  GKwU wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 45 †m.wg.| Gi evû¸‡jvi
cÖk-
ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ 3 : 5 : 7.  †ÿÎdj e„w× cv‡e = (22869 −189) eM© †m. wg. = 3969 eM© †m. wg.
e„w×K…Z †ÿÎdj
K. wÎfzRwU A¼b Ki Ges †KvY †f‡` wÎfzRwU †Kvb  kZKiv †ÿÎdj e„w× cv‡e = g~j †ÿÎdj  100%
ai‡bi Zv †jL| 2
L. wÎfzRwUi e„nËi evû‡K ˆ`N©¨ Ges ¶z`ªZi evû‡K 3969
=
189
 100%
cÖ¯’ a‡i Aw¼Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i mgvb
= 21% (Ans.)
evûwewkó e‡M©i †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
M. L †_‡K cÖvß AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ Df‡q 10%
Øv`k Aa¨vq
`yB PjKwewkó mij mnmgxKiY Sir isaac newton
m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb (1642−1727) `yB PjKwewkó mgxKi‡Yi
Simultaneous Equations with Two Variables Ae¯ ’vMZ Dbœqb K‡ib| †gwUª·, mij exRMwYZ, exRMwYZxq mgxKiY,
AšÍiK R¨vwgwZ I msL¨v Z‡Ë¡I wZwb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡Lb|

 mij mnmgxKiY
mij mnmgxKiY ej‡Z `yB PjKwewkó `yBwU mij mgxKiY‡K eySvq hv‡ì hyMcr mgvavb PvIqv nq, Giƒc `yBwU mgxKiY‡K
GK‡Î mij mgxKiY‡RvUI e‡j| cÖ_‡g Avgiv 2x + y = 12 mgxKiYwU we‡ePbv Kwi| GwU GKwU `yB PjKwewkó mij mgxKiY|
 `yB PjKwewkó mij mnmgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †hvM¨Zv
2x + y =12
(K) Av‡Mi Av‡jvwPZ x − y =3 } mgxKiY †RvUwU we‡ePbv Kwi| Gi Abb¨ (GKwU gvÎ) mgvavb Av‡Q| Giƒc mgxKiY‡RvU‡K
2 1
mgÄm (Consistent) ejv nq| mgxKiY `yBwUi x I y Gi mnM Zzjbv K‡i (mn‡Mi AbycvZ wb‡q) cvB, 1 ≠ −1, mgxKiY‡RvUwUi
GKwU mgxKiY‡K Ab¨wUi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv| GRb¨ Giƒc mgxKiY‡K ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj (Independent) mgxKiY‡RvU
ejv nq|
mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †ÿ‡Î AbycvZ¸‡jv mgvb bq|
2x − y = 6
(L) GLb Avgiv 4x − 2y =12 } mgxKiY‡RvUwU we‡ePbv Kwi|
2 −1 6
mgxKiY `yBwUi x I y Gi mnM Ges aªæeK c` Zzjbv K‡i cvB, 4 = −2 = 12 = 2 ( 1)
A_©vr, mgÄm I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †ÿ‡Î AbycvZ¸‡jv mgvb nq|
2x + y = 12
}
(M) Gev‡i Avgiv 4x + 2y = 5 mgxKiY‡RvUwU we‡ePbv Kwi|
2 1 12
GLv‡b mgxKiY `yBwUi x I y Gi mnM Ges aªæeK c` Zzjbv K‡i cvB, 4 = 2 ≠ 5
A_©vr, AmgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †ÿ‡Î Pj‡Ki mn‡Mi AbycvZ¸‡jv aªæe‡Ki Abycv‡Zi mgvb bq|
a1x + b1y = c1
mvaviYfv‡e, a x + b y = c  mgxKiY‡RvUwU wb‡q wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g `yBwU mij mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †hvM¨Zvi kZ© D‡jøL Kiv
2 2 
2
n‡jv :
mgxKiY‡RvU mnM I aªæeK c` mgÄm/AmgÄm ci¯úi wbf©ikxj/Awbf©ikxj mgvavb Av‡Q (KqwU)/†bB
Zzjbv
(i) a1x + b1y = c1 a1 b1
≠
mgÄm Awbf©ikxj Av‡Q (GKwUgvÎ)
a2 b2
a2x + b2y = c2
(ii) a1x + b1y = c1 a1 b1 c1
= =
mgÄm wbf©ikxj Av‡Q (AmsL¨)
a2x + b2y = c2 a2 b2 c2
(iii) a1x + b1y = c1 a1 b1 c1
= ≠
AmgÄm Awbf©ikxj †bB
a2x + b2y = c2 a2 b2 c2
GLb, hw` †Kv‡bv mgxKiY‡Rv‡U Dfq mgxKi‡Y aªæeK c` bv _v‡K, A_©vr, c1 = c2 = 0 nq, Z‡e Q‡Ki
a1 b1
(i) Abyhvqx ≠ n‡j, mgxKiY‡RvU me©`v mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj| †m‡ÿ‡Î GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb _vK‡e|
a2 b2
a1 b1
(ii) I (iii) †_‡K = n‡j, mgxKiY‡RvU ssmgÄm I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj| †m‡ÿ‡Î AmsL¨ mgvavb _vK‡e|
a2 b2

wb‡Pi mij mnmgxKiY¸‡jv mgÄm, ci¯úi wbf©ikxj/Awbf©ikxj mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : 3x + 2y = 0
wK bv hyw³mn D‡jøL Ki Ges G¸‡jvi mgvav‡bi msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki 6x + 4y = 0}
: 3 1
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev
6 2
cÖkœ \ 1 \ x − y = 4 2 1
x + y = 10 y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev
4 2
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU : x−y=4
x + y = 10} 3
Avgiv cvB, 6 = 4
2
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 1
1
 mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj| mgxKiY‡RvUwUi
−1
AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q|
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 1 cÖkœ \ 5 \ 3x + 2y = 0
1 −1 9x − 6y = 0
Avgiv cvB, 1 ≠ 1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : 3x + 2y = 0
 mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj| 9x − 6y = 0 }
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q| 3 1
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev
cÖkœ \ 2 \ 2x + y = 3 9 3
2 1
4x + 2y = 6 y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev
−6 −3
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : 2x + y = 3
4x + 2y = 6 } 3 2
Avgiv cvB, 9 ≠ − 6
2 1
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev  mgxKiY‡RvUwU me©`v mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj Ges
4 2
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ
1 GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q|
2 cÖkœ \ 6 \ 5x − 2y − 16 = 0
3 1
aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ 6 ev 2 3x −
6
y=2
5
2 1 3
Avgiv cvB, 4 = 2 = 6 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : 5x − 2y = 16
3x − y = 2
6
 mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj| 5 
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q| x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 3
5
cÖkœ \ 3 \ x − y − 4 = 0
−2 −2
Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 6 ev,  1  −6 ev 3
5 5
3x − 3y − 10 = 0 y
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : −
5
x − y − 4 = 0 ev x − y = 4  16 8
 aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ = 2 ev 1
3x − 3y − 10 = 0 ev 3x − 3y = 10
1 5 −2 16
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 3 Avgiv cvB, 3 = 6  2
−1 1 −5
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ −3 ev 3  mgxKiY‡RvUwU AmgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj|
−4 2 mgxKiY‡RvUwUi †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB|
aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ −10 ev 5 1
cÖkœ \ 7 \ − 2 x + y = −1
1 −1 4
Avgiv cvB, = ≠
3 −3 10 x − 2y = 2
 mgxKiY‡RvUwU AmgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj| mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : − 12 x + y = −1

mgxKiY‡RvUwUi †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB| x − 2y = 2 
cÖkœ \ 4 \ 3x + 2y = 0 −
1
6x + 4y = 0 2 1
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev − 2
1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : − 2 x + y = −1

1 1 1
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ − 2 ev − 2
1 x + y = 5
aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ − 2 1
−1
−
2 1
2 1 −1  x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev − 2
Avgiv cvB, = = 1
1 −2 2 1
 mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj| 1
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q| 1 1
Avgiv cvB, − 2 ≠ 1
1
cÖkœ \ 8 \ − 2 x − y = 0  mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj|
x − 2y = 0 mgxKiY‡RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ mgvavb Av‡Q|
cÖkœ \ 10 \ ax − cy = 0
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : − 2 x − y = 0
1
 cx − ay = c2 − a2
x − 2y = 0  mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : ax − cy = 0
1
2
−
1
cx − ay = c2 − a2 }
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev − 2 x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ
a
1 c
−1 1
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev −c c
−2 2 y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev
1 −a a
−
2 −1 a −c
Avgiv cvB, 1
−
−2
[ c1 = c2 = o] Avgiv cvB, c ≠ −a
 mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj|  mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj|
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q|
1
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ − 2 x + y = −1
x+y=5

1. 3x − 5y = 7 4. 2x + y = 12 Ges x − y = 3 mgxKiY‡RvU-
6x − 10y = 7 i. m½wZc~Y©
mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb− ii. Awbf©ikxj
K AmsL¨ L Abb¨ M `yBwU  mgvavb †bB iii. wbf©ikxj
2. `yB PjKwewkó mij mgxKiY‡Rv‡U KqwU mij mgxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
_v‡K?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K1 2 M3 N4 5. 5x − 3y = 7; 10x − 6y = 14
1
3. 3
x − y = 0, x − 3y = 0, mgxKiY‡RvUwU− Dc‡ii DwjøwLZ mgxKiY‡RvU−
i. m½wZc~Y© i. mgÄm
ii. Awbf©ikxj ii. ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
iii. †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB iii. Gi AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [Kz. †ev. b. cÖ. Õ15]

M 2x2 + x = 2  2x + 3y = 6
121 : mij mnmgxKiY 8. x − y = 3 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb KqwU? (mnR)
K1 L2
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M3  AmsL¨
6. `yB PjKwewkó mij mgxKiY‡Rv‡U KqwU mij mgxKiY 9. mij mnmgxKi‡Y ivwk `yBwUi NvZ me©`v KZ? (mnR)
_v‡K? (mnR) K0 1 M2 N3
K1 2 M3 N AmsL¨ 10. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 2x + y = 12 Ges x − y = 3 mgxKi‡Yi GKwU
7. `yB PjKwewkó mij mgxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) mgvavb? (ga¨g)
K ax2 + bx + c = 0 L 2x + 3y + 6z = 0 K (0, 5) L (1, 5)  (5, 2) N (5, 3)
11. x – y = 2, 3x – 3y = 6 mgxKiY‡Rv‡U KqwU mgvavb i‡q‡Q? 22. x + y = 5, 2x – y = 4 mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui †¶‡Î mgvavb Abb¨
(mnR) nIqvi kZ© Kx? (mnR)
K1 L2 M3  AmsL¨ 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 5
12. `yB PjKwewkó mgxKi‡Y PjKØ‡qi KqwU gvb Øviv mgxKiY  ≠ L = M = = N = ≠
2 –1 2 –1 2 –1 4 2 –1 4
wm× n‡Z cv‡i? (mnR) 23. x – y = 4 Ges 3x – 3y = 10 mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb msL¨v
K GKwU L `yBwU N PviwU  AmsL¨ KqwU? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K GKwU L `yBwU  †bB N AmsL¨
e¨vL¨v : x − y = 4
13. mij mnmgxKiY−
i. `yB PjKwewkó `yBwU mij mgxKiY
3x − 3y = 10 }
a1 b 1 c1
GLv‡b, = 
ii. `ywU‡K GK‡Î mgxKiY‡RvUI e‡j a2 b 2 c2
iii. †Rv‡Ui mgxKi‡Yi PjK `yBwU GKB êwk‡óï nq 24. AmgÄm mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb msL¨v KqwU? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K GKwU L `yBwU M AmsL¨  †bB
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : x I y mn‡Mi Abycv‡Zi mv‡_ hw` aªæe As‡ki AbycvZ mgvb bv
14. 2x + y = 6 Ges x − y = 0 `yBwU mgxKiY− nq Zvn‡j †Rv‡Ui †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB|
i. GK‡Î G‡ì mgxKiY‡RvU e‡j 25. a 1 x + b 1y + c1 = 0 I a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 n‡j c1 I c2 Gi
ii. G‡ì GKwU mvaviY mgvavb Av‡Q †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ mgxKiY †RvU me©`v mgÄm n‡e? (ga¨g)
iii. G‡ì GKwU mvaviY mgvavb (2, 1) 0 L1 M2 N3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 26. 3x − 5y = 7
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 6x − 10y =15 }
mgxKiY‡Rv‡U mgvav‡bi msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
 mgvavb †bB L Abb¨
M AmsL¨ N wbw`©ó
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 15 −17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : a1 b 1 c 1
e¨vL¨v : =  n‡j mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb _vK‡e bv|
a2 b2 c2
2x + y = 12 .........(1) mgxKiY‡RvU :
x − y = 3 .............(2) } 27. 2x − 2y = 8 Gi Ici wbf©ikxj mgxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU?(mnR)
K 2x − 3y = 5  3x − 3y = 12
15. wb‡Pi †KvbwU (1) bs mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i? (ga¨g)
K (0, 3)  (3, 6) M (3, 2) N (2, 1) M 5x + 3y = 3 N x+y=4
16. wb‡Pi †KvbwU (2) bs mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : 3x − 3y = 12 mgxKiYwU cÖ`Ë 2x − 2y = 8 mgxKi‡Yi Ici
3
 (5, 2), (3, 0) L (6, 2), (2, 1) M (6, 3), (2, 5) N (8, 3), (5, 3) wbf©ikxj KviY, 2x − 2y = 8 †K 2 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j 3x − 3y =
17. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb KZ? (ga¨g)
12 mgxKiYwU cvIqv hvq|
K (5, 1)  (5, 2) M (6, 2) N (7, 3)
2x − 5y = 3
122 : `yB PjKwewkó mij mnmgxKi‡Yi mgvavb 28. x − 3y = 1 } mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc? (mnR)
†hvM¨Zv  mgÄm I Awbf©ikxj L AmgÄm

M wbf©ikxj N mgÄm
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi a1 2 b1 −5 a1 b1
e¨vL¨v : a = 1; b = 3  a  b ;
2 2 2 2
18. x + y = 3 mgxKi‡Yi Ici wbf©ikxj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)  †RvUwU mgÄm I Awbf©ikxj
K 2x + 2y = 8 L 3x + 4y = 9 2x + y = c
 4x + 4y = 12 N 2x + 3y = 6 29. 4x + 2y = 1c2 } mgxKiY‡RvUwU wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Rb¨ mgÄm
19. wb‡Pi †Kvb kZ©vbymv‡i a1x + b1y = c1, a2x + b2y = c2 n‡e? (mnR)
mgxKiY †RvU mgÄm I mgvavb AmsL¨? (mnR) K c1  c2  c1 = c2 = 0 M c2 = 0 N c1 = 0
a b1 a1 b1 c1 30. ax − cy = 0
K ≠  = = cx − ay = c2 − a2 mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb msL¨v KqwU? (mnR)
a2 b2 a2 b2 c2
 GKwU L `yBwU M AmsL¨ N †bB
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1
M
a2
=
b2
≠
c2
N
a2
=
b2 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
20. 2x – 3y = 7, 6x – 9y = 21 mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui †¶‡Î wb‡Pi 31. a1x + b1y = c1 Ges a2x + b2y = c2 mgxKiY †Rv‡U−
†KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) a1 b1
 mgÄm Ges mgvavb AmsL¨ L mgÄm I mgvavb Abb¨
i. ≠ n‡j, mgxKiY †RvU mgÄm I mgvavb Abb¨
a2 b2
M mgvavb AmsL¨ N AmgÄm I mgvavbwenxb a1 b1 c1
21. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Rb¨ a1x + b1y = c1, a2x + b2y = c2 †Rv‡Ui ii. = ≠
a2 b2 c2
n‡j, mgxKiY †RvU AmgÄm Ges mgvavb
mgvavb †bB? (mnR) AmsL¨
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 a1 b1 c1
K = =
a2 b2 c2
L ≠
a2 b2
iii. = =
a2 b2 c2
n‡j mgxKiY †RvU mgÄm Ges mgvavb
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 AmsL¨
M ≠ ≠  = ≠ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
32. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
4 3 7 1
− x + y = −1
i. = =
8 6 14
k‡Z©, mgxKiY †RvU mgÄm Ges mgvavb 36. 2  mgxKiY †RvU−
AmsL¨ x − 2y = 2 
i. mgxKiY‡RvUwU ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
4 3 7
ii.
8
=
6
≠
9
k‡Z©, mgxKiY †RvU AmgÄm Ges ii. mgxKiY †RvUwUi mgvavb AmsL¨
mgvavbwenxb iii.mgxKiY †RvUwU mgÄm
iii. ≠
8 –6
k‡Z©, mgxKiY †RvU mgÄm Ges mgvavb Abb¨ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) a1 b1 c1
e¨vL¨v : hw` a = b = c nq, Z‡e mgxKiY †RvUwU AmgÄm I ci¯úi
2 2 2
wbf©ikxj| Ges mgxKiY‡RvUwUi AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q|
2x + y = 12
33. x − y = 3 }
mgxKiY‡RvUwU− 1
2
GLv‡b, 1 =
−
1 −1
=
i. mgÄm −2 2
ii. Awbf©ikxj Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii. wbf©ikxj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 37−39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii x−y=2
a1 b1 a1 b 1
e¨vL¨v : iii. †RvUwU wbf©ikxj bq KviY, a = 2; b = −1  a  b ;
2 2 2 2
x+y=4 } mgxKiY‡RvU
2x + y = 12 37. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
34. x − y = 3 }
mgxKiY‡RvUwU− K GwU mgÄm bq
i. mgÄm L GwU ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
ii. AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q  Gi Abb¨ mgvavb Av‡Q
iii. Gi mgvavb Abb¨
N Gi AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 38. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mvaviY mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
a1 b1 a1 b 1 K (2, 1)  (3, 1)
e¨vL¨v : a = 2; b = −1; a  b
2 2 2 2 M (4, 1) N (4, 3)
 mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui Abb¨ mgvavb Av‡Q|
39. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi KqwU mvavisssY mgvavb Av‡Q? (mnR)
a x+b y=c a b c
}
35. a12x + b12y = c12 mgxKiY †Rv‡U a21 = b12  c21 n‡j− 1
M3
L2
N4
i. AmgÄm ii. Awbf©ikxj
iii. AmsL¨ mgvavb Av‡Q

40. m½wZc~Y© I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj mij mnmgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui 2x + y = 12
KqwU mgvavb _v‡K? 46. x − y = 3 mgxKiY‡RvUwU− }
 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU i. m½wZc~Y© ii. Awbf©ikxj
41. x + 3y = 6 mgxKi‡Y Pj‡Ki msL¨v KqwU? iii. wbf©ikxj
K GKwU  `yBwU M wZbwU N PviwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
42. 2x − 5y = 0 I 3x + 2y = 0 mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb msL¨v  i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
KqwU? 47. GKwU mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui x Gi mnMØq, y Gi mnMØq I
K mgvavb †bB  mgvavb Abb¨ 4 −2 6
M mgvavb AmsL¨ N mgvavb `yBwU
aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ 8 = −4 = 12 mgxKiY‡RvUwU−
43. ci¯úi wbf©ikxj mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb msL¨v KZwU? i. m½wZc~Y© ii. wbf©ikxj
K 1wU L 2wU M Ab¨b¨  AmsL¨ iii. Abb¨ mgvavb wewkó
44. hw` mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †jL x Ges y A‡ÿi mv‡_ mgvcwZZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
nq| Ggb mgxKiY‡RvU wb‡Pi †KvbwU?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
x=0 x=1 x=2 x=1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 48 I 49 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 L M N
y=0 y=1 y = −2 y = −1
1
45. †Kv‡bv mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †ÿ‡Î
a1 b1 c1
=  n‡j mgxKiY − x + y = −1
a2 b2 c2 2
†RvUwU− x+y=5
K mgZzj L wbf©ikxj  Am½wZc~Y© N m½wZc~Y© 48. Dc‡ii mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wbf©ikxj
K  m½wZc~Y©

k
N
2p
AmsMwZc~Y©
M N mgvavb †bB 2p k
49. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 51. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb msL¨v KqwU?
K (− 1, 4) L (1, − 4) M (1, 4)  (4, 1) K GKwU L `ywU M mgvavb †bB  AmsL¨
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 I 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x−y=2
kx + 2ky = m 
2pm GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
x+y=4 } mgxKiY‡RvU
2px + 4py =
k  52. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mvaviY mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
c K (2, 1)  (3, 1)
50. mgxKiY‡Rv‡U c12 Gi gvb KZ? M (4, 1) N (4, 3)
k 2k 53. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi KqwU mvaviY mgvavb Av‡Q? (mnR)
K L
p p 1 L2
M3 N4

œ 1  x − 2y + 1 = 0 I 2x + y − 3 = 0 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
cÖk- x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 2
1
K. mij mnmgxKiY Kx? 2
−2
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm wKbv Zv hvPvB Ki| ci¯úi y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 1
wbf©ikxjZv hvPvB K‡i mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb msL¨v 1 2
wbY©q Ki| 4  Avgiv cvB, 2  − 1
M. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgvavb Ki| 4
mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj Ges

 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mgxKiY‡RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q|
K. mij mnmgxKiY ej‡Z `yB PjKwewkó `yBwU mij M. mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, x = −1 + 2y ................(v)
mgxKiY‡K †evSvq hv‡ì hyMcr mgvavb PvIqv nq, Giƒc GLb x Gi gvb (ii) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
`yBwU mgxKiY‡K GK‡Î mij mgxKiY‡RvUI e‡j| 2(−1 + 2y) + y − 3 = 0
2x + y = 2 ev, −2 + 4y + y − 3 = 0
}
†hgb- x − y = 3 mgxKiY‡RvU ev, 5y − 5 = 0
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU : ev, 5y = 5
x − 2y + 1 = 0 ... ... ... (i) y=1
2x + y − 3 = 0 ... ........ (ii) y Gi gvb mgxKiY (V) −G ewm‡q cvB,
x − 2y = −1... ... ... (iii) x = −1 + 2.1 = 1
ev, 2x + y = 3 ... ... ... (iv)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (1, 1)

œ 2  2x − 5y − 3 = 0
cÖk- 2x − 5y − 3 = 0 ..................(i)
x + 3y = 1 x + 3y − 1 = 0 ...................(ii)
2x − 5y = 3
K. mgxKiY‡RvUwU‡K a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 AvKv‡i
a x+b y+c =0
2 2 2
ev, x + 3y = 1 }
cÖKvk K‡i a1, a2, b1 I b2 Gi gvb †ei Ki| 2 x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ
2
L. cÖvß mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm wKbv Zv hvPvB Ki| 1
−5
ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZv hvPvB K‡i mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ
3
mgvavb msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4 2 −5
M. mgxKiY †RvUwU mgvavb Ki| 4  Avgiv cvB, 
1 3
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   mgxKiY †RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj| mgxKiY
2x − 5y − 3 = 0 †RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q|
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU : x + 3y − 1 = 0 } †K M. mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cvB, x = 1 − 3y ...............(iii)
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 GLb, x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)−G ewm‡q cvB,
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 †Rv‡Ui mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i cvB,

2(1 − 3y) − 5y − 3 = 0
a1 = 2, a2 = 1, b1 = −5, b2 = 3 ev, 2 − 6y − 5y − 3 = 0
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU : ev, −11y = 1
y=−
1 G‡ÿ‡Î mgxKiY‡RvU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj Ges GKwU
11 mgvavb Av‡Q|
1  mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb ÔLÕ Gi Abyiƒc|
 mgxKiY (iii) n‡Z cvB, x = 1 − 3 −
11 ( ) œ 4  x Gi wZb¸Y †_‡K y Gi Pvi¸Y we‡qvM Ki‡j we‡qvMdj
cÖk-
3 11 + 3 14
=1+ =
11 11
=
11 10 nq Ges x Gi Qq¸Y †_‡K y Gi 8 ¸Y we‡qvM Ki‡j 18 nq|
14 1 K. Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j Kx
(
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = 11  − 11 ) ùvov‡e? 2
œ 3  `yBwU Pj‡Ki mgwó 10 I we‡qvMdj 4; [†hLv‡b PjK x, y
cÖk- L. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi cÖ K … w Z Kxiƒc Ges Gi KqwU
Ges x  y.] mgvavb Av‡Q? 4
M. 2q mgxKi‡Yi we‡qvMdj 18 Gi cwie‡Z© 20 n‡j
K. Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKiY‡RvU AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui cÖK…wZ Kx c~‡e©i g‡Zv n‡e? 4
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm wKbv Ges Gi mgvavb
KqwU? 4  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. PjKØ‡qi mgwó 14 Ges wØZxq PjK I cÖ_g K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K mgxKiY‡RvU n‡jv :
Pj‡Ki we‡qvMd‡ji wØ¸Y mgvb 8 n‡j 3x − 4y = 10 ...................... (i)
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb ÔLÕ Gi Abyiƒc n‡e wK- 6x − 8y = 18 ...................... (ii)
(Ans.) }
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKiY‡Rv‡U
3 1
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ ev
6 2
K. awi, PjKØ‡qi 1gwU x Ges 2qwU y; †hLv‡b x  y DÏxc‡Ki −4 1
y " " " −8 ev, 2
Av‡jv‡K MwVZ mgxKiY‡RvU : 10 5
x+y=4 Ges aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ 18 = 9
x−y=3 } 1
Avgiv cvB, 2 = 2  9
1 5
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKiY‡Rv‡U,
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 1
1 myZivs mgxKiY‡RvU AmgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj Ges
mgvavb †bB| (Ans.)
1 M. mgxKiY (ii) Gi cwiewZ©Z iƒc, 6x − 8y = 20 ....... (iii)
Ges y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ −1
1 1
GLb bZzb mgxKiY‡RvU :
Avgiv cvB, 1  −1 3x − 4y = 10 ............... (i)
6x − 8y = 20 .................(ii)
myZivs mgxKiY‡RvU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj Ges 3 1
GKwUgvÎ mgvavb Av‡Q| GLv‡b x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 6 ev 2
M. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K MwVZ mgxKiY‡RvU : −4 1
x + y = 14 ..................(iii) y " "
" −8 ev, 2
2(y − x) = 8 10 1
ev, −2x + 2y = 8 ........(iv) Ges aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ 20 ev, 2
1 1 1 1
GLv‡b, x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ − 2 Avgiv cvB, 2 = 2 = 2
1 G‡ÿ‡Î mgxKiY‡RvU mgÄm I wbf©ikxj Ges AmsL¨ mgvavb
2 we`¨gvb|
1 1
Avgiv cvB, − 2  2  mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui cÖK…wZ c~‡e©i g‡Zv bq| (Ans.)

œ 7  `yBwU Pj‡Ki cÖ_gwUi wØ¸Y †_‡K wØZxqwUi 5 ¸‡Yi
cÖk- œ 8  wb‡P wZbwU mgxKiY‡RvU †Ìqv n‡jv :
cÖk-
we‡qvMdj 3 Gi mgvb Ges cÖ_gwUi mv‡_ wØZxqwUi 3 ¸‡Yi 3x + 2y = 1 2x − y = 6 2x − y = 12
†hvMdj 1 Gi gvb mgvb exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY MVb K‡i| x+y=−1 4x − 2y = 12 4x − 2y = 5
K. cÖ_g PjK a Ges wØZxq PjK b n‡j, exRMvwYwZK K. mgxKiY‡RvU¸‡jv‡K x Gi mnMØq, y
Gi mnMØq I aªæeK
mgxKiY‡RvU MVb Ki| 2 c`¸‡jvi AbycvZ AvKv‡i wjL| 2
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. 1g `yBwU mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui cÖK…wZ mgÄm wKš‘ mgvav‡bi msL¨vi
M. mgxKiY‡RvwU wbf©ikxjZv/Awbf©ikxjZv D‡jøLc~e©K mgvav‡bi wfbœZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki| 4 M. 3q mgxKiY‡RvUwUi cÖK…wZ I mgvavb, Aci `yBwU mgxKiY
2a − 5b = 3
†_‡K m¤ú~Y© wfbœ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
DËi : K.a + 3b = 1 } ; L. mgÄm; M. GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨)mgvavb|
............................................................................. wØZxq Aa¨vq  exRMvwYwZK ivwk ...............................................................................487
3 2 1 2 −1 6 2 −1 12 DËi : K. x + y = 10, x − y = 4; L. mgxKiY‡RvU mgÄm I
DËi : K. 1 = 1 = −1, 4 = −2 = 12, 4 = −2 = 5 ;
ci¯úi wbf©ikxj Ges mgvavb Av‡Q GKwU; M.
œ 9  `yBwU Pj‡Ki mgwó 10 I we‡qvMdj 4 †hLv‡b cÖ_g PjK
cÖk- mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb ÔLÕ Gi Abyiƒc|
> wØZxq PjK| œ 10  `yBwU Pj‡Ki cÖ_gwUi 3 ¸Y †_‡K wØZxqwUi 5 ¸‡Yi
cÖk-
K. DÏxcKwU‡K mgxKiY‡RvU AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 we‡qvMdj 7 Gi mgvb Ges cÖ_gwUi 6 ¸Y †_‡K wØZxqwUi 10 ¸‡Yi
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc Ges mgvavb KqwU? 4 we‡qvMdj 15 Gi mgvY exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY MVb K‡i|
M. `yBwU Pj‡Ki mgwó 14 Ges wØZxq PjK I cÖ_g Pj‡Ki K. PjK `yBwU h_vµ‡g x I y n‡j, exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY‡RvU
we‡qvMd‡ji wØ¸Y mgvb 8 (wØZxq PjK > cÖ_g PjK) n‡j MVb Ki| 2
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb ÔLÕ Gi Abyiƒc n‡e KxÑ e¨vL¨v L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Ki| 4 M. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvav‡bi msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki| 4
DËi : K. 3x − 5y = 7, 6x − 10y = 15; L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU
mgÄm; M. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi †Kv‡bv mgvavb †mU †bB|
 mij mnmgxKi‡Yi mgvavb
mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj mij mnmgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui GKwUgvÎ (Abb¨) mgvavb Av‡Q|
GLv‡b mgvav‡bi PviwU c×wZi D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv : (1) cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ (2) Acbqb c×wZ (3) Avo¸Yb c×wZ I (4) ˆjwLK
c×wZ|
1. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb : myweavg‡Zv GKwU mgxKiY †_‡K GKwU Pj‡Ki gvb Aci Pj‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk K‡i cÖvß gvb
Aci mgxKi‡Y emv‡j GK PjKwewkó mgxKiY cvIqv hvq| AZtci mgxKiYwU mgvavb K‡i PjKwUi gvb cvIqv hvq| GB
gvb cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi †h‡Kv‡bvwU‡Z emv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †hLv‡b GKwU PjK‡K Aci Pj‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q
†mLv‡b emv‡j mgvavb mnR nq| GLvb †_‡K Aci Pj‡Ki gvb cvIqv hvq|
2. Acbqb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb : myweavg‡Zv GKwU mgxKiY‡K ev Dfq mgxKiY‡K Giƒc msL¨v w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e †hb ¸Y‡bi
ci Dfq mgxKi‡Yi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Pj‡Ki mn‡Mi ciggvb mgvb nq| Gici cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv mgxKiY `yBwU‡K †hvM ev we‡qvM
Ki‡j mnM mgvbK…Z PjKwU AcbxZ ev AcmvwiZ nq| Zvici mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki‡j we`¨gvb PjKwUi gvb cvIqv hvq| H
gvb myweavg‡Zv cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØ‡qi †h‡Kv‡bvwU‡Z emv‡j Aci PjKwUi gvb cvIqv hvq|
3. Avo¸Yb c×wZ : eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb wbY©‡qi cÖYvwj‡K eRª¸Yb c×wZ ejv nq| Avo¸Yb
c×wZ‡K eRª¸Yb c×wZI e‡j|
wb‡Pi mgxKiY `yBwU we‡ePbv Kwi
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ............... (1)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ............... (2)
Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb c×wZ :
x y 1
= =
b1c2 − b2c1 c1a2 − c2a1 a1b2 − a2b1
x I y Gi Giƒc m¤úK© †_‡K G‡ì gvb wbY©‡qi †KŠkj‡K Avo¸Yb c×wZ e‡j| x I y Gi DwjøwLZ m¤úK© †_‡K cvB,
x 1 b1c2 − b2c1
= ev x =
b1c2 − b2c2 a1b2 − a2b1’ a1b2 − a2b1
y 1 c1a2 − c2a1
Avevi, c a − c a = a b − a b ’ ev y = a b − a b
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
b1c2 − b2c1 c1a2 − c2a1

 cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØ‡qi mgvavb : (x, y) = a b − a b ’ a b − a b 
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
jÿ Kwi :
mgxKiY x I y Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© g‡b ivLvi wPÎ
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 x y 1 x y 1
= =
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 b1c2 − b2c1 c1a2 − c2a1 a1b2 − a2b1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2

cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki (1 Ñ 3) :
cÖkœ \ 1 \ 7x – 3y = 31 (6 6)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = 5‚ 5
9x – 5y = 41 x y
cÖkœ \ 3 \ a + b = 2
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 7x – 3y = 31 ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)
ax + by = a2 + b2
9x – 5y = 41 ... ... ... ... ... ... (ii) x y
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB, mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, a + b = 2 ... ... ... ... ... (i)
– 3y = 31 – 7x ax + by = a2 + b2 ... ... ... (ii)
31 – 7x mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
 y = – 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (iii)
by = a2 + b2 – ax
mgxKiY (ii)-G y Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, a2 + b2 – ax
ev, y = ... ... ... ... (iii)
31 – 7x b
9x – 5  = 41 a2 + b2 – ax
–3 mgxKiY (i)-G y Gi ¯’‡j ewm‡q cvB,
155 – 35x b
ev, 9x + 3 = 41 a + b – ax
2 2
ev, 27x + 155 – 35x = 123 [Dfqc¶‡K 3 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] x b

+ =2
a b
ev, – 8x = 123 – 155 [c¶všÍi K‡i] x a + b – ax 1
2 2
ev, – 8x = – 32 ev, a + b
b =2
– 32 ev, b2x + a3 + ab2 – a2x = 2ab2 [ab2 Øviv Dfqc¶‡K ¸Y K‡i]
ev, x = – 8
ev, b2x – a2x = 2ab2 – a3 – ab2
 x=4 ev, x(b2 – a2) = ab2 – a3
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB, a(b2 – a2)
31 – 7  4 31 – 28 3 ev, x = (b2 – a2)
y = = = =–1
–3 –3 –3  x=a
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, – 1) mgxKiY (iii)-G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
x y a2 + b2 – a.a a2 + b2 – a2 b2
cÖkœ \2 \ 2 +3 =1  y= b
=
b
=
b
=b
x y  mgvavb : (x, y) = (a, b)
+ =1
3 2 Acbqb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki (4 Ñ 6) :
x y
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2 + 3 = 1 ... ... ... ... ... (i) cÖkœ \ 4 \ 7x – 3y = 31
9x – 5y = 41
x y
+ = 1 ... ... ... ... ... (ii) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, 7x – 3y = 31 ... ... ... ... ... (i)
3 2
9x – 5y = 41 ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) Gi Dfqc¶‡K 6 Øviv ¸Y K‡i fMœvskgy³ Kwi, mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †K h_vµ‡g 5 Ges 3 Øviv ¸Y K‡i we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
3x + 2y = 6 ... ... ... ... ... (iii) 35x – 15y = 155
 2x + 3y = 6 ... ... ... ... ... (iv) 27x − 15y = 123
mgxKiY (iii) †_‡K cvB, (−) (+) (−)
2y = 6 – 3x 8x = 32
6 – 3x 32
 y = 2 ... ... ... ... ... (v) ev, x = 8
mgxKiY (iv)-G y Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, x=4
6 – 3x x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
2x + 3  =6
2 7  4 – 3y = 31
ev, 4x + 18 – 9x = 12 [Dfqc¶‡K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] ev, 28 – 3y = 31
ev, – 5x = 12 – 18 ev, – 3y = 31 – 28
ev, – 5x = – 6 ev, – 3y = 3
–6 6 3
 x=–5 =5  y = – 3 = –1
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (v)-G ewm‡q cvB, wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, – 1)
6 30 – 18 12 cÖkœ \ 5 \ 7x − 8y = − 9
6–3
5 5 5 12 1 6 5x − 4y = − 3
y = = = = 2 =5
2 2 2 5 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, 7x − 8y = − 9 ............. (i)
5x − 4y = − 3 ............ (ii) x y 1
mgxKiY (i) †K 5 Øviv Ges (ii) †K 7 Øviv ¸Y K‡i we‡qvM K‡i cvB, ev, 18 – 35 = 20 – 12 = 14 – 12
35x − 40y = − 45 x y 1
35x − 28y = − 21
ev, – 17 = 8 = 2
(− ) ( + ) (+) x 1 y 1
− 12y = − 24 GLb, – = Ges 8 = 2
17 2
ev, 12y = 24 17 8
24 ev, x=–
2
ev, y = 2
ev, y = 12
y=4
 y=2 17
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB, wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = – 2 ‚ 4
( )
7x − 8  2 = −9 cÖkœ \ 8 \ 3x – 5y + 9 = 0
ev, 7x = −9 + 16 5x – 3y – 1 = 0
ev, 7x = 7 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq,
ev, x = 7
7 3x – 5y + 9 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... (i)
5x – 3y – 1 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
 x=1 mgxKiY (i) I (ii)-G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (1, 2) x y 1
cÖkœ \ 6 \ ax + by = c = =
(– 5)  (– 1) – (– 3)  9 5  9 – 3  (– 1) 3  (– 3) – 5  (– 5)
a2x + b2y = c2 x y 1
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ev, 5 + 27 = 45 + 3 = – 9 + 25
ax + by = c ... ... ... ... ... (i) x y 1
a2x + b2y = c2 ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
ev, 32 = 48 = 16
mgxKiY (i) †K a Øviv ¸Y Kwi, x y
ev, 2 = 3 = 1 [16 Øviv cÖ‡Z¨KwU fMœvsk‡K ¸Y K‡i]
a2x + aby = ac ... ... ... ... ... (iii)
mgxKiY (iii) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM Kwi, x
GLb, 2 = 1
y
Ges 3 = 1
a2x + aby = ac
a2x + −b2y = c2 x=2 y=3
(−) (−) (−) wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (2, 3)
aby – b2y = ac – c2
ev, y(ab – b2) = ac – c2 cÖkœ \ 9 \ x + 2y = 7
ac – c2 2x – 3y = 0
ev, y = ab – b2 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq,
c(a – c) c(c – a) x + 2y = 7
 y= = ev, x + 2y – 7 = 0 ... ... ... .... ... .. (i)
b(a – b) b(b – a)
mgxKiY (i)-G y Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, 2x – 3y = 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
c(a – c) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
ax + b  =c
b(a – b) x y 1
= =
ac – c 2 2  0 – (– 3)  (– 7) – 7  2 – 1  0 1  (– 3) – 2  2
ev, ax + a – b = c x y 1 1
ac – c2 ev, – 21 = – 14 = – 3 – 4 = – 7
ev, ax = c – a – b x y
ac – bc – ac + c2 ev, 3 = 2 = 1 [cÖwZwU fMœvsk‡K – 7 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, ax = a–b x y
c2 – bc GLb, 3 = 1 Ges 2 = 1
ev, ax = a – b
x=3 y=2
c(c – b) c(b – c)
 x = a(a – b) = a(b – a) wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (3, 2).
c(b – c) c(c – a) cÖkœ \ 10 \ 4x + 3y = −12
{
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = a(b – a)‚ b(b – a) } 2x = 5
Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki (7Ñ15) : mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, 4x + 3y = −12
cÖkœ \ 7 \ 2x + 3y + 5 = 0 2x = 5
4x + 7y + 6 = 0 ev, 4x + 3y + 12 = 0 ................................ (i)
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, 2x + 0.y − 5 = 0 ................................ (ii)
2x + 3y + 5 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)
4x + 7y + 6 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... (ii) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
mgxKiY (i) I (ii)-G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB, x y 1
= =
x y 1 3  (− 5) − 0  12 12  2 − 4  (−5) 4  0 − 2  3
= = x y 1
36–75 54–26 27–43 ev, −15 − 0 = 24 + 20 = 0 − 6
x y 1 x 1 y 1
ev, −15 = 44 = − 6 GLb, – a(a2 + 2b2) = – (a2 + 2b2) Ges – b(a2 + 2b2) = – (a2 + 2b2)
−15 5 44 22 – a (a2 + 2b2) – b(a2 + 2b2)
x = = Ges = − 6 = − 3  x = – (a2 + 2b2)  y = – (a2 + 2b2)
−6 2
=a =b
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = 2 – 3 (5 22) wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (a, b).
cÖkœ \ 11 \ – 7x + 8y = 9 cÖkœ \ 14 \ y(3 + x) = x(6 + y)
5x – 4y = – 3 3(3 + x) = 5(y – 1)
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq,
– 7x + 8y – 9 = 0 ... ... ... ... (i) y(3 + x) = x(6 + y) ...............(i)
5x – 4y + 3 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... (ii) 3(3 + x) = 5(y − 1) ...............(ii)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB, mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
x y 1 y (3 + x) = x (6 + y)
= =
8  3 – (– 4)(– 9) 5 (– 9) – (– 7)  3 – 7(– 4) – 5  8 ev, 3y + xy = 6x + xy
x y
ev, 24 – 36 = – 45 + 21 = 28 – 40
1 ev, 3y + xy – 6x – xy = 0
ev, – 6x + 3y = 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... (iii)
x y 1 mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
ev, – 12 = – 24 = – 12
3(3 + x) = 5(y – 1)
x y
ev, 1 = 2 = 1 [cÖwZwU fMœvsk‡K – 12 w`‡q ¸Y K‡i] ev, 9 + 3x = 5y – 5
x y
ev, 3x – 5y + 9 + 5 = 0 [c¶všÍi K‡i]
GLb, 1 = 1 Ges 2 = 1 ev, 3x – 5y + 14 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... (iv)
x=1 y=2 mgxKiY (iii) I (iv) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (1, 2). x y 1
= =
3  14 – (– 5)  0 3  0 – (– 6)  14 – 6  (– 5) – 3  3
cÖkœ \ 12 \ 3x − y − 7 = 0 = 2x + y − 3 x y 1
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, ev, 42 + 0 = 0 + 84 = 30 – 9
3x − y − 7 = 0 ................................ (i) x y 1
2x + y − 3 = 0 .............................. (ii)
ev, 42 = 84 = 21
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
x y 1
= =
( −1) ( − 3) − ( − 7)  1 ( − 7)  2 − 3  ( − 3) 3  1− ( −1)  2
x y 1
ev, 3 + 7 = −14 + 9 = 3 + 2
x y 1
ev, 10 = −5 = 5
x 1 y 1
 =
10 5
Ges − 5 = 5
10 −5
ev, x = 5 ev, y = 5
x=2  y = −1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (2, −1)
cÖkœ \ 13 \ ax + by = a2 + b2
2bx – ay = ab
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq,
ax + by – (a2 + b2) = 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)
2bx – ay – ab = 0 ... ..... ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
x y
=
b  (– ab) – (– a)  {– (a2 + b2)} – (a2 + b2)  2b – a  (– ab)
1
=
a  (– a) – 2b  b
x y 1
ev, – ab2 – a3 – ab2 = – 2a2b – 2b3 + a2b = – a2 – 2b2
x y 1
ev, – a3 – 2ab2 = – a2b – 2b3 = – a2 – 2b2
x y 1
ev, – a(a2 + 2b2) = – b(a2 + 2b2) = – (a2 + 2b2)
x y
ev, 2 = 4 = 1 [cÖwZwU fMœvsk‡K 21 Øviv ¸Y K‡i] [Dfqc¶‡K – 2 Øviv fvM K‡i]
Ges, 5x – 11y + 35 = 0 ... (ii)
x y
GLb, 2 = 1 Ges 4 = 1 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) G eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
x y 1
x=2 y=4 = =
– 4  35 – (– 11)  8 5  8 – 3  35 3 (– 11) – 5  (– 4)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (2, 4). x y 1
cÖkœ \ 15 \ (x + 7) (y – 3) + 7 = (y + 3) (x – 1) + 5 ev, – 140 + 88 = 40 – 105 = – 33 + 20
5x – 11y + 35 = 0 x y 1
ev, – 52 = – 65 = – 13
mgvavb : cÖ_g mgxKiY †_‡K cvB,
(x + 7) (y – 3) + 7 = (y + 3) (x – 1) + 5 x y
ev, 4 = 5 = 1 [cÖwZwU‡K – 13 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, xy – 3x + 7y – 21 + 7 = xy – y + 3x – 3 + 5
x y
ev, xy − 3x + 7y − 14 = xy − y + 3x + 2 GLb, 4 = 1 GLb, 5 = 1
ev, xy − xy − 3x − 3x + 7y + y −14 − 2 = 0 [c¶všÍi K‡i] x=4 y=5
ev, – 6x + 8y – 16 = 0 wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, 5).
ev, 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)

1. x + y = 8 I 2y = 10 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 3x − 2y = 11
(x, y) Gi gvb †KvbwU?
K −2 L2 3 N 13
 (3, − 1) L (3, 1) M (2, 1) N (5, 2)
x y 1
2. = = n‡j, (x, y) = KZ? 5. 5x + 2y = 17
−14 −28 −14 3x − y = 8
 (1, 2) L (2, 1) M (−1, −2) N (−2, −1) mgxKiYØ‡q (x, y) Gi gvb KZ?
3. x − 2y = 8 Ges 3x − 2y = 4 mgxKiY †Rv‡U x Gi gvb KZ?
K −5  −2 M2 N5
K ( ) ( ) (95  1)
13
5
1 L
14
5
2 M  (3, 1)
4. 2x + y = 5

 (2, 3) L (3, 2) M (3, 4) N (4, 3)
123 : mij mnmgxKi‡Yi mgvavb x y 1 x y
e¨vL¨v : 32 = 48 = 16 ev, 2 = 3 = 1  (x, y) = (2, 3)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 3x + 5y = 2
4x + 2y = 8
13. 9x + 3y = 6 } mgxKiYØ‡qi mgvavb KZ? (KwVb)
6. 3x − 2y = 6 }
mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb KZ? (ga¨g)
K (0, 2) L
(0, 3) (23 0)  N (3, 0)
K (2, 2)  (2, 0) M (2, 3) N (0, 2)
x y 3x + 5y = 2
x + 8y = 3 }
7. + = a + b, ax + by = a + b Gi mgvavb wb‡Pi
a b
3 3
14. mgxKi‡Y y Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
†KvbwU? (ga¨g) 19 7 −19 −8
K (b, a2)  (a2, b2) M (a, b) N (a2, b) K  M N
7 19 8 19
8. a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 Ges a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 mgxKiY e¨vL¨v : 3x + 5y = 2 ...............(1)  1
†RvU‡K mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZ eënvi 3x + 24y = 9 .............(2)  3
(− ) (−) (−)
myweavRbK? (mnR)
K Acbqb L cÖwZ¯’vcb  Avo¸Yb N wbY©vqK (−) K‡i, − 19y = − 7
9. 2x + y = 8, 3x − 2y = 5 mgxKiYØ‡qi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (mnR) 7
ev, y = 19
K 3x − 2 (8 + 2x) = 5 L 3x + 2 (8 − 2x) = 5
 3x − 2 (8 − 2x) = 5 N 3x − 2 (− 8 − 2x) = 5 15. 2x + 5y = 7, 8x + 11y = 19 mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb wb‡Pi
e¨vL¨v : 2x + y = 8 ev, y = 8 − 2x †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
y Gi gvb 3x − 2y = 5 G ewm‡q cvB, 3x −2(8 − 2x) = 5  (1,1) L (1,2) M (2, 3) N (4, 5)
10. 4x + y = 2, 2x + 3y = – 4 mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 16. 2x + 3y = 7, 5x − 2y = 8 mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui Acbqb c×wZ‡Z
K ( – 2, 3) L ( – 3, – 2)  (1, – 2) N ( –1, 2) mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡j mgxKiY `yBwU‡K KZ Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z
11. 2y + 3x – 13 = 0 = x + 5y – 13 Gi mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) n‡e? (mnR)
 (3, 2) L (–1, –2) M (1, 2) N (3, 4) K 1 Ges 3 L 2 Ges 1 M 3 Ges 2  2 Ges 3
x y 1
12. 32 = 48 = 16 n‡j (x, y) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
17. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 20. x -Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
i. y = x + 3, 5x + 7y = 21 mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui exR (4,3) 1 L2 M3 N5
x y 21. y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
ii. + = 2, ax + by = a2 + b2 mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui exR (a,b) K3 L4 5 N7
a b
iii. 3x – 4y = 0, 2x – 3y = −1 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb (4, 3)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) x y
+ = 2 ... ... ... (i)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii a b
18. 6x − y − 1 = 0 Ges 3x + 2y − 13 = 0 mgxKiY‡Rv‡UiÑ ax + by = a2 + b2 ... ... ... (ii)
i. (x, y) = (1, 5) 22. (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi mijgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
ii. (x, y) = (5, 1) K ax + by = 2ab  bx + ay = 2ab
iii. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Kiv hvq M bx + ay + 2ab = 0 N bx + ay = a2 + b2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 23. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  (a, b) L (b, a) M (−a, −b) N (−b, −a)
e¨vL¨v : (x, y) = (a, b) n‡j (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY wm× nq|
3x − 4y = 0
19. 2x − 3y = −1 } mnmgxKiYØq Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î−  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
x y x y
i.
x
=
y
=
1 x y 1
ii. = = + = 1 Ges + = 1 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU
2 3 3 2
−4+0 0−3 9−8 4 3 1
iii. (x, y) = (4, 3)
24. x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
5 3 6 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) K
4
L
2

5
N
2
25. y Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K
3

6
M
1
N
4
2 5 4 5
6x – y = 1 Ges 3x + 2y = 13 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|

26. x + y = 4, x − y = 2 n‡j, (x, y) Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 32. x − 3y = 0 = 20 + y − 2x mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †KvbwU?
K (2, 4) L (4, 2)  (3, 1) N (1, 3) K (12, 8)  (12, 4)
27. x + y = 6 Ges 2x = 4 n‡j, y Gi gvb KZ? M (12, 10) N (10, 4)
K2 4 M6 N8 33. 2x + y = 8, 3x − 2y = 5 mgxKiYØ‡q y =?
28. 2x − y = 8 Ges x − 2y = 4 n‡j, x + y = KZ? K1 2 M3 N4
K0 4 M8 N 12 34. x + 2y = 3 = 4x − y mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb (x, y) = ?
29. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡K ⎯ c×wZI ejv nq| K (2, 2) L (1, 2)  (1, 1) N (3, 3)
 eRª¸Yb L Acbqb M cÖwZ¯’vcb N †gwUª· 35. ax − cy = 0, ay − cx = a2 − c2 mgxKiYwUi mgvavb †KvbwU?
30. x − 2y = 8 I 3x − 2y = 4 mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui x Gi gvb KZ? K (a, c) L (2, y)  (c, a) N (−c, −a)
K −5  −2 M2 N5 36. 3x − 4y = 0, 2x − 3y = −1 mgxKiYØ‡q x =?
31. 7x − 8y = −9 K1 L2 M3 4
12x + 6y = 9 37. 6x − y = 1, 3x + 2y = 13 mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb †KvbwU?
mgxKiYØ‡q x Gi gvb KZ? K (−1, 5)  (1, 5) M (−1, −5) N (1, −5)
23 3 3
K  M N9
3 23 32

œ 1  x − y = 2a......................(i)
cÖk- ax + by = a2 + b2 ....... (ii)
mgxKiY (i)-G (3a, a) ewm‡q cvB,
ax + by = a2 + b2............(ii)
evgcÿ = x − y
K. (3a, a) cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †Rv‡Uimgvavb exR wKbv = 3a − a
hvPvB Ki| 2 = 2a
L. mgxKiY †RvUØq‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb = Wvbcÿ
Ki| 4 (3a, a), (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi exR
M. mgxKiY †RvUØq‡K Acbqb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Avevi, mgxKiY (ii)-G (3a,a) ewm‡q cvB,
Ki| 4 evgcÿ = a.3a + a.b
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 3a2 + ab
K. x − y = 2a ................... (i) evgcÿ  Wvbcÿ
(3a, a), (ii)bs mgxKi‡Yi exR bq| L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
 (3a, a) cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui exR bq| (ax − by) − (bx − ay) = ab − ab
ev, ax − bx − by + ay = 0
L. mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, ev, ax − bx + ay − by = 0
x = 2a + y ................ (iii) ev, x(a − b) + y (a − b) = 0
x Gi gvb (ii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
ev, (x + y) (a − b) = 0
a(2a + y) + by = a2 + b2 nq, x + y = 0 A_ev, a − b = 0
ev, 2a2 + ay + by = a2 + b2 wKš‘, a − b  0 [ a  b]
ev, ay + by = a2 + b2 − 2a2  x + y = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
ev, y(a + b) = b2 − a2 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x + y = 0
(b + a) (b − a)  y = −x .................... (iii)
ev, y = (b + a)
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
y=b−a ax − b(−x) = ab
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB, ev, ax + bx = ab
x = 2a + b − a ev, x(a + b) = ab
=a+b ab
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (a + b, b − a). x=
a+b
M. mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †K h_vµ‡g a Ges 1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, GLb x Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
ax − ay = 2a2 ab
y=−
ax + by = a2 + b2 a+b
ab −ab
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = a + b a + b (Ans.)
(−) (−) (−) (−)
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
− ay − by = a2 − b2 [we‡qvM K‡i] x y
ev, −y(a + b) = (a + b)(a − b) œ 3 2+3=1
cÖk-
(a + b) (a − b) x y
ev, y = + = 1 `yB PjKwewkó mgxKiY‡RvU
3 2
−(a + b)
K. mgxKiY‡RvU‡K mijxKiY Ki| 2
ev, y = − (a − b)
L. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡RvU‡K mgvavb Ki| 4
y=b−a M. mgvav‡bi ïw× cixÿv Ki| 4
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
ax + b(b − a) = a2 + b2
ev, ax + b2 − ab = a2 + b2 K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU,
x y
ev, ax = a2 + b2 − b2 + ab + = 1 ... ... ... (i)
2 3
ev, ax = a2 + ab x y
+ = 1 ... ... ... (ii)
ev, ax = a(a + b) 3 2
a(a + b) mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
ev, x = a 3x + 2y
=1
 x = (a + b) 6
ev, 3x + 2y = 6 ... ... ... (iii)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (a + b, b − a) mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
œ 2  ax − by = ab
cÖk- 2x + 3y
=1
bx − ay = ab `yB PjKwewkó mgxKiY‡RvU| 6
K. y Acbqb Ki‡Z n‡j mgxKiY `yBwU‡K †Kvb †Kvb ev, 2x + 3y = 6... ... ... (iv)
msL¨v Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e? 2 L. mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
x y
L. Z_¨vbymv‡i †`LvI †h, x + y = 0 4 2
=1−
3
M. ÔLÕ G cÖvß mgxKiY †_‡K y Gi gvb †ei K‡i x 3−y
cÖ_g mgxKi‡Y cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki ev, 2 = 3
Ges (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4 6 − 2y
 x = 3 ... ... ... ... (v)
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii) G ewm‡q cvB,
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ax − by = ab ................... (i) 6 − 2y
bx − ay = ab ................... (ii) 3 y
y Acbqb Ki‡Z n‡j mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †K h_vµ‡g a I b + =1
3 2
Øviv ¸Y K‡i we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
6 − 2y y 2x + 3y = −5
ev, 9
+ =1
2 ev, 4x + 6 = −7y }
12 − 4y + 9y 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
ev, 18
=1 ev, 4x + 7y + 6 = 0 }
ev, 12 + 5y = 18 hv ax + by + c = 0 AvKv‡ii|
ev, 5y = 18 − 12 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß,
ev, 5y = 6 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
6 4x + 7y + 6 = 0
y= GLb mgxKiYØq n‡Z Avo¸Yb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
5
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (v)-G ewm‡q cvB, x y 1
= =
6 36−57 45−26 27−43
6 − 2.
5 x y 1
x= 3 ev, 18 − 35 = 20 − 12 = 14 − 12
12
6− x y 1
5 ev, −17 = 8 = 2
ev, x = 3
30 − 12
x 1 y 1

−17 2
= Avevi, 8 = 2
5
ev, x= 3 −17 8
ev, x = 2 ev, y = 2
18
5 y=4
ev, x = 3 −17
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = ( 2 , 4)
18 1
ev, x = 5  3 −17
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ = 2x + 3y = 2 2  + 3(4)
6
x= = −17 + 12 = − 5
5
6 6 = Wvbcÿ
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = ( )
5 5 Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ = 2(2x + 3) = 4x + 6
M. ïw× cixÿv : −17
= 4    + 6= − 4. + 6
17
ÔLÕ G cÖvß x I y Gi gvb cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q,  2 2
6 6 = −34 + 6 = −28
x y 5 5 Wvbcÿ = −7y = −7  4 = −28
(i) mgxKi‡Yi, evgcÿ = + = + 17
2 3 2 3
x = − Ges y = 4 n‡j Dfq mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ Ges Wvbcÿ
6 1 6 1 2
=  +  mgvb nq|
5 2 5 3
3 2 3+2 5
= + = = = 1 = Wvbcÿ
AZGe, mgvavb ï× n‡q‡Q|
5 5 5 5
x y œ 5  x + 2y = 7
cÖk-
(ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi, evgcÿ = + 2x – 3y = 0 `yB PjKwewkó mgxKiY‡RvU|
3 2
6 6 K. mgxKiY †RvU‡K eRª¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM Dc‡hvMx
5 5 6 1 6 1
= + =  + 
AvK…wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2
3 2 5 3 5 2 L. eRª¸Yb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4
2 3 2+3 5
= + = = = 1 = Wvbcÿ M. mgvav‡bi ïw× cixÿv Ki| 4
5 5 5 5
wb‡Y©q mgvavb ï× n‡q‡Q|  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
œ 4  2x + 3y = − 5
cÖk- K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, x + 2y = 7............. (i)
2x – 3y = 0 .............(ii)
GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
2(2x + 3) = −7y
mgxKiYØq‡K cÿvšÍi K‡i cvB,
K. DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiYØq‡K ax + by + c = 0 AvKv‡i x + 2y – 7 = 0
cÖKvk Ki| 2 2x – 3y + 1.0 = 0 }
L. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß mgxKiYØq
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvav‡bi ïw× cixÿv hvPvB
x + 2y − 7 = 0
Ki| 4 2x − 3y + 1.0 = 0
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb, eRª¸Yb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
x y 1
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU: = =
2  0 – (– 3)(– 7) 2(– 7) – 1  0 1(– 3) – 2  2
2x + 3y = −5 ... ... ... (i) x y 1
2(2x + 3) = −7y ... ... ... (ii) ev, 0 – 21 = – 14 – 0 = – 3 – 4
x y
ev, – 21 = –14 = – 7
1 ev, −8x + 155 = 41  3
– 21 – 14 ev, −8x + 155 = 123
x= = 3 Ges y = =2
–7 –7 ev, −8x = 123 − 155
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (3,2) ev, −8x = −32
M. ïw× cixÿv : −32
ev, x = −8
x = 3 Ges y = 2 emv‡j,
(i) bs mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ = x + 2y x=4
= 3 + 2  2 = 3 + 4 = 7 = Wvbcÿ x Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii) G ewm‡q cvB,
(ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ = 2x – 3y 7  4 − 31
y=
=23–32=6–6=0 3
= Wvbcÿ 28 − 31
ev, y = 3
x=3 Ges y = 2 n‡j Dfq mgxKi‡Yi evgcÿ Ges Wvbcÿ
−3
mgvb nq| ev, y = 3
AZGe, mgvavb ï× n‡q‡Q|
 y = −1
œ 6  7x − 3y = 31
cÖk- wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, −1)
9x − 5y = 41 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
7x − 3y = 31
K. (i) bs mgxKiY Gi y †K x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, 9x – 5y = 41
L. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb Ki| 4
}
7x − 3y − 31 = 0
M. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb K‡i
ÔLÕ Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
ev, 9x – 5y − 41 = 0 }
GLb mgxKiYØq n‡Z Avo¸Yb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  x y 1
= =
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 7x − 3y = 31 ... ... ... (i) (−3)(−41) − (−5)(−31) 9(−31) − 7(−41) 7(−5) − (−3)9
9x − 5y = 41 ... ... ... (ii) x y 1
ev, 123 − 155 = −279 + 287 = −35 + 27
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
−3y = 31 − 7x x y 1
ev, − 32 = 8 = −8
31 − 7x
ev, y = −3 x 1 y 1
 =
−32 −8
Avevi, 8 = −8
7x − 31
y= ... ... ... (iii) −32 8
3
ev, x = −8 ev, y = −8
hv mgxKiY (i) Gi y †K x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk|
L. mgxKiY (iii) †_‡K y Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii) -G ewm‡q cvB, x=4  y = −1
7x − 31  mgvavb (x, y) = (4, −1)
9x − 5. = 41
3 ÔLÕ I ÔMÕ †Z cÖvß mgvavbØq GKB|
35x − 155  ÔLÕ Gi mZ¨Zv hvPvB n‡jv|
ev, 9x − 3
= 41
27x − 35x + 155
ev, 3
= 41

2x + 3y + 5 = 0 a2x + b2y = c2
cÖk- }
œ 7  4x + 7y + 6 = 0 `yB PjK wewkó mgxKiY‡RvU|
K. cÖ_g mgxKiY †_‡K 2q mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|2
K. y AcbxZ ev AcmvwiZ Ki‡Z n‡j mgxKiYØq‡K †Kvb †Kvb L. mgxKiY †RvUwU mgvavb K‡i (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4
msL¨v Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e? 2 M. cÖvß (x, y) Gi gvb mgxKiY‡Rv‡U ewm‡q ïw× cixÿv hvPvB Ki| 4
L. Acbqb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb Ki| 4 c(b − c)
DËi : K. x = a(b − a) ;
M. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z cybivq mgvavb K‡i c~‡e©i mgvav‡bi
c(b − c) c(c − a)
mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 L. (x, y) = a(b − a)  b(b − a)
 
DËi : K. (i) bs mgxKi‡Y 7 Ges (ii) bs mgxKi‡Y 3 Øviv;
œ 9  wb‡P GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU †Ìqv Av‡Q|
cÖk-
17
( )
L. (x, y) = − 2 4 x y
+ =1
2 3
œ 8  wb‡P GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU †Ìqv n‡jv−
cÖk- x y
+ =1
3 2
abx + b2y = bc
K. mgxKiY‡RvU‡K ax + by − c = 0 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb K‡i (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4 c(b − c) c(b − c) c(c − a)
12 DËi : K. x = a(b − a) ; L. (x, y) = a(b − a) , b(b − a)
M. x+y=
5
Ges x − y = 0 mgxKiY‡Rv‡U ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß (x, y)
7x − 3y = 31
Gi gvb ewm‡q mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
3x + 2y − 6 = 0
4 cÖk- }
œ 11  9x − 5y = 41 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU
DËi : K. 2x + 3y − 6 = 0; L. (x, y) = 5 5
6 6 K. †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU mgxKiY Gi y †K x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
 ( ) L. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb Ki| 4
œ 10  wb‡P GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU †Ìqv n‡jv|
cÖk-
2
abx + b y = bc M. Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb K‡i ÔLÕ Gi
a2x + b2y = c mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
K. cÖ_g mgxKiY †_‡K 2q mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i x Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2 7x − 31 9x − 41
L. (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. y = 3 A_ev, y = 5 ; L. (4 −1)
M. cÖvß (x, y) Gi gvb mgxKiY‡Rv‡U ewm‡q ïw× cixÿv hvPvB
Ki| 4
 ˆjwLK c×wZ‡Z mgvavb :
`yB PjKwewkó GKwU mij mgxKi‡Y we`¨gvb PjK x I y Gi m¤úK©‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GB wPÎ‡K H m¤ú‡K©i
†jLwPÎ e‡j| G RvZxq mgxKi‡Yi †jLwP‡Î AmsL¨ we›`y _v‡K| Giƒc K‡qKwU we›`y ¯’vcb K‡i G‡ì ci¯úi mshy³ Ki‡jB
†jLwPÎ cvIqv hvq| `yB PjKwewkó `yBwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj mij mgxKi‡Yi †jL GKwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| H †Q` we›`yi
¯’vbvsK Øviv Dfq mgxKiY wm× n‡e| †Q`we›`ywUi ¯’vbvsKB n‡e mgxKiYØ‡qi mgvavb|

†jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Ki : −2
cÖkœ \ 1 \ 3x + 4y = 14  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (−1, − 2), 0 3 (5, 6)|
4x − 3y = 2 g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri Dfq Aÿ eivei ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i cÖwZ `yB
3x + 4y = 14...................... (i)
4x − 3y = 2 ...................... (ii)
evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi|
4y = 14 − 3x
( 7)
GLb (i)bs mgxKi‡Yi (− 2, 5), 0 2 I (2, 2) we›`y¸‡jv
14 − 3x QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi|
ev, y = 4 −2
Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi (−1, − 2), 0 3  I (5, 6)
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi
Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K
x −2 0 2 ewa©Z Kwi| mij‡iLvØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
7 Y
y 5 2
2
( 7)
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (−2, 5), 0 2 (2, 2) (5, 6)
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB, (−2, 5) (0, 72 )

− 3y = 2 − 4x 3x + 4y = 14 A(2, 2)
ev, 3y = 4x − 2
4x − 2 O (0, −2 )
y= X 3 X
3
(−1, −2)
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi
4x − 3y = 2
Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
x −1 0 5
−2
y −2 6
3
Y
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ A(2, 2) hv Dfq mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i| 5y = 1 − 2x
1 − 2x
 mgvavb : (x, y) = (2, 2) y=
5
cÖkœ \ 2 \ 2x − y = 1 mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
5x + y = 13 gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, x −2 0 3
2x − y = 1 ................. (i) 1
5x + y = 13 ............... (ii) y 1 −1
5
mgxKiY (1) †_‡K cvB, − y = 1 − 2x
ev, y = 2x − 1  mgxKiYwUi ( 1)
†j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (− 2, 1), 0 5 , (3, −1)|
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : 3y = 2 − x
x 0 2 4 2−x
y=
y −1 3 7 3
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, −1), (2, 3), (4, 7) mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKiY †_‡K cvB, y = 13 − 5x gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi x −1 2 5
y 1 0 −1
Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
x 0 2 3  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (−1, 1), (2, 0), (5, −1)|
y 13 3 −2 g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x Aÿ I y Aÿ Ges O
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, 13), (2, 3), (3, −2)| g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi|
g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x Aÿ I y Aÿ Ges O GLb (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi (−2, 1), 0 51 I (3, −1) we›`y¸‡jv QK
( )
g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j
awi| GLb, (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi (0, −1), (2,3) (4, 7) we›`y¸‡jv GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwUB 2x + 5y = 1 mgxKi‡Yi †jL|
QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi (−1, 1), (2, 0) I (5, −1) we›`yMy‡jv QK
d‡j GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 2x − y = 3 KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi cÖvß
mgxKi‡Yi †jL| mij‡iLv `ywU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi (0, 13), (2, 3), (3, −2) we›`y¸‡jv Y
QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi| d‡j GKwU mij‡iLv
cvIqv †M‡Q GwU 5x + y = 13 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| mij‡iLvØq
ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Y
(0, 13)
X O X
2x − y =1
5x + y = 13 (4, 7)
A(2, 3)
X (0, −1) O (3, −2) X
Y
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq, A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ A(−7, 3) hv Dfq

mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i|
 mgvavb : (x, y) = (−7, 3)
Y cÖkœ \ 4 \ 3x − 2y = 2
5x − 3y = 5
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ A(2, 3) hv Dfq mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq,
mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i| 3x − 2y = 2.................. (i)
5x − 3y = 5.................. (ii)
 mgvavb: (x, y) = (2, 3)
cÖkœ \ 3 \ 2x + 5y = 1
− 2y = 2 − 3x
x + 3y = 2
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, ev, 2y = 3x − 2
3x − 2
2x + 5y = 1 ................... (i) y=
x + 3y = 2 ..................... (ii) 2
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc 12 − 3x
ev, y = 2
gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
x −2 0 4 mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
y −4 −1 5 gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
x 0 2 4
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (−2,−4), (0, −1), (4, 5) y 6 3 0
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, 6) (2, 3), (4, 0)|
− 3y = 5 − 5x Avevi, mgxKiY (2) †_‡K cvB,
ev, 3y = 5x − 5 ev, 3y = 13 − 2x
5x − 5 13 − 2x
y= ev, y = 3
3
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
x −2 1 4 x −1 2 5
y −5 0 5 y 5 3 1
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (− 2, − 5),(1, 0), (4, 5)  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y ( −1, 5) (2, 3) (5, 1)
g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O
g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi| g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi|
GLb mgxKiY (i) Gi (− 2, − 4), (0, −1) I (4, 5) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R GLb mgxKiY (1) Gi (0, 6), (2, 3) I (4, 0) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R
¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j GKwU ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j GKwU
x y
mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GB mij‡iLv 3x − 2y = 2 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| mij‡Lv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 2 + 3 = 2 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| Avevi,
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) Gi (−2, − 5), (1, 0) I (4, 5) we›`y¸‡jv QK mgxKiY (2) Gi (−1, 5), (2, 3) I (5, 1) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R
KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j Avi ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j AviI GKwU
GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GB mij‡iLv 5x − 3y = 5 mgxKi‡Yi mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 2x + 3y = 13 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| mgxKiY `yBwU
†jL| cÖvß mij‡iLv `ywU A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Dfq mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i|
Y
Y
x y
+ =2
2 3
(0,6)
A(4, 5) (−1, 5) A(2, 3)
2x + 3y = 13 (5, 1)
3x − 2y = 2 X O (4, 0) X
O (1, 0)
X X
(0, −1)
(-2, −4) 5x − 3y = 5
(-2, −5) Y
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi fzR 2 †KvwU 3|

Y  mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 3)
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi fzR I †KvwU h_vµ‡g 4 I 5. cÖkœ \ 6 \ 3x + y = 6
5x + 3y = 12
 mgvavb (x, y) = (4, 5) mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq
x y
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 2 + 3 = 2 3x + y = 6 ................. (i)
5x + 3y = 12 .............(ii)
2x + 3y = 13 mgxKiY (1) †_‡K cvB,
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, y = 6 − 3x
x y
+ = 2 ................. (i) mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
2 3 gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
2x + 3y = 13 ..............(ii) x 0 1 4
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB, y 6 3 −6
y x
=2−  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, 6), (1, 3), (4, − 6)|
3 2
y 4−x Avevi, mgxKiY (2) †_‡K cvB,
ev, 3 = 2 3y =12 − 5x
ev, 2y = 12 − 3x
12 − 5x mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
ev, y = 3
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc x −1 1 3
gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : 1
y −1 2
x 0 3 6 2
y 4 −1 −6
mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, 4), (3, −1), (6, − 6)|
 mgxKiYwUi ( 1)
†j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (−1, −1), 1 2 , (3, 2)|
g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x Aÿ I y Aÿ Ges O g~jwe›`y| g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O
QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi| g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK
GLb QK KvM‡R mgxKiY (1) Gi (0, 6), (1, 3) I (4, − 6) awi|
we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j GLb, mgxKiY (1) Gi (−2, 5), (0, 2) I (2, − 1) we›`y¸‡jv QK
GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 3x + y = 6 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j,
Avevi, mgxKiY (2) Gi (0, 4), (3, −1) I (6, − 6) we›`y¸‡jv QK GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 3x + 2y = 4 mgxKi‡Yi †jL|
KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j Avevi, mgxKiY (2) Gi (−1, −1), 1 1 I (3, 2) we›`y¸‡jv QK
AviI GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 5x + 3y = 12 mgxKi‡Yi 2 ( )
†jL| mij‡iLv `yBwU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j Avi
GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU 3x − 4y = 1 mgxKi‡Yi †jL|
Y mij‡iLv `yBwU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Y
(0,6)
3x + y = 6
(0,4) (1,3) (−2,5) 3x − 4y = 1
5x + 3y = 12 A (32  32)
3x + 2y = 4
O (3,−1) X (0,2)
X (3,2)
A (1, 12 )
X (−1, −1) O (2, −1) X
(4,−6) (6,−6)
Y
Y †jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi fzR 1 I †KvwU 2|
1
3 3
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi fzR 2 ev, 1.5 I †KvwU 2 ev, 1.5
( 1)
 mgvavb (x, y) = 1 2
 mgvavb (x, y) = 2 2 ev, (1·5, 1·5)
(3 3) x y
cÖkœ \ 8 \ 2 + 3 = 3
cÖkœ \ 7 \ 3x + 2y = 4 y
3x − 4y = 1 x+ =3
6
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq,
3x + 2y = 4 ............... (i) x y
3x − 4y = 1 ............... (ii) + = 3 ................. (i)
2 3
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB, y
2y = 4 − 3x x + = 3 ................. (ii)
6
4 − 3x mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
y=
2 y x
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc =3−
3 2
gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : y 6−x
x −2 0 2 ev, 3 = 2
y 5 2 −1 ev, 2y = 18 − 3x
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (− 2, 5), (0, 2), (2, −1)| 18 − 3x
y= 2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
− 4y = 1 − 3x mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
ev, 4y = 3x −1 gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
3x − 1
y= 4 x 0 2 6
y 9 6 0
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, 9) (2, 6), (6, 0) K‡i GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| mij‡iLvwU‡K Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K
y
cvB, 6 = 3 − x Kwi| AZGe, GwUB y = 3x + 2 mgxKiYwUi †jL|
Avevi, mgxKiY (2) Gi †j‡Li (− 2, − 4), (1, −1) I (3, 1) Gi
 y = 18 − 6x cÖwZiƒcx we›`y¸‡jv †jL KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| GB we›`y¸‡jv †hvM
mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc K‡i GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| mij‡iLvwU Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z
gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : Kwi| AZGe, GwUB y = x − 2 mgxKiYwU †jL|
x 2 3 4 awi, mij‡iLvØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i A_©vr, A we›`y Dfq
y 6 0 −6
†iLvi mvaviY we›`y| A Gi ¯’vbv¼ Dfq mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i|
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (2, 6) (3, 0), (4, − 6)|
Y
g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O
(1, 5)
g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi|
GLb mgxKiY (1) Gi (0, 9), (2, 6) I (6, 0) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R 3x − y = −2
¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j GKwU (0, 2)
mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU x2 + y3 = 3 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| Avevi (3, 1)
O X
mgxKiY (2) Gi (2, 6), (3, 0) I (4, − 6) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R X (1, −1)
¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j AviI GKwU
x−y=2
mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU x + y6 = 3 mgxKi‡Yi †jL| mgxKiY A(−2, −4)
`yBwU ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Y
Y
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, A we›`yi fzR = −2.
(0, 9)  mgvavb : x = −2
A(2,6)
x y cÖkœ \ 10 \ 3x − 7 = 3 − 2x
+ =3
2 3 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, 3x − 7 = 3 − 2x
(6, 0) awi, y = 3x − 7 .................... (i)
O (0, 3) X
X y Ges y = 3 − 2x ..................... (ii)
x+ =3
6 mgxKiY(i)-G x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
(4, − 6)
x 0 3 5
y −7 2 8
Y
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, −7), (3, 2), (5, 8)
†jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi fyR 2 †KvwU 6| Avevi, (2)bs mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y
 mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 6) Gi Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi :
cÖkœ \ 9 \ 3x + 2 = x − 2 x 0 2 4
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë mgxKiY 3x + 2 = x − 2 y 3 −1 −5
awi, y = 3x + 2 ............. (i)  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (0, 3), (2, −1), (4, − 5)|
Ges y = x − 2 ............... (ii) g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y Aÿ Ges O
(1)bs mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi g~jwe›`y| Dfq A‡ÿ ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi|
Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : mgxKiY (1) †j‡Li (0, −7), (3, 2) I (5, 8) Gi cÖwZiƒcx we›`y¸‡jv
†jL KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| GB we›`y¸‡jv †hvM K‡i GKwU mij‡iLv
x −2 0 1 cvIqv †Mj| mij‡iLvwU‡K DËi w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| AZGe, GwUB
y −4 2 5
y = 3x − 7 mgxKiYwUi †jL|
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y ( − 2, − 4), (0, 2), (1, 5)| mgxKiY (2) †j‡Li (0, 3), (2, − 1) I (4, −5) Gi cÖwZiƒcx
Avevi (2) bs mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi myweavg‡Zv K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y we›`y¸‡jv †jL KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| GB we›`y¸‡jv †hvM K‡i GKwU
Gi Abyiƒc gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QKwU ˆZwi Kwi : mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| mij‡iLvwU‡K Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| GwUB
y = 3 − 2x mgxKiYwUi †jL|
x −2 1 3
y −4 −1 1
awi, mij‡iLvØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i A_©vr A we›`y Dfq
†iLvi mvaviY we›`y| A Gi ¯’vbv¼ Dfq mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i|
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (− 2, − 4), (1, −1), (3, 1)|
g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y- Aÿ Ges O
g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi|
GLb, mgxKiY (1) Gi †j‡Li (−2, − 4), (0, 2) I (1, 5) Gi
cÖwZiƒcx we›`y¸‡jv †jL KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| GB we›`y¸‡jv †hvM
Y †jL †_‡K †`Lv †h, A we›`yi fzR = 2.
 mgvavb : x = 2
(5, 8)
2x + y = 3
3x − y = 7
(0, 3) (3, 2)
O A(2,−1) X
X
(4,−5)
(0,−7)
Y

1. (3, − 5) we›`ywU
†Kvb PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z? 3. †Kvb mgxKiYwU g~j we›`yMvgx?
K cÖ_g L wØZxq M Z…Zxq  PZz_© K 2x = 3y + 2L x + 3y = 5 M 3x = 8y + 2  4x = 3y
2. ax + by = ab Ges ax − by = ab mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb 4. (2, 3) we›`ywU wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKi‡Yi Dci Aew¯’Z n‡e?
†KvbwU? K x + y = 2 L x + 3y = 5 M 2x + y = 6  2x + y = 7
K (a, b) L (b, a)  (b, 0) N (0, b)

K (0, 2)  (2, 0) M (2, 2) N (−2, −2)
124 : ˆjwLK c×wZ‡Z mgvavb e¨vL¨v : 2x = 4  x = 2 Ges y = 2 − x = 2 − 2 = 0
16.
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi x 0 1 2
5. Aÿ‡iLvØ‡qi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ KZ? (mnR) y 6 4 2
K (1, 1) L (0, 1)  (0, 0) N (1, 0) Dc‡ii mviwYi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKiYwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K y = x + 6 L y = 2x + 6 M y = 6 – x  y = 6 – 2x
6. wb‡Pi †Kvb we›`ywU x Aÿ‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
17. †Kv‡bv we›`yi fzR −2 Ges fzR I †KvwUi mgwó 7 n‡j
 (1, 0) L (2, 1) M (1, 2) N (0, −2)
7. wb‡Pi †Kvb we›`ywU y Aÿ‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
we›`ywUi ¯’vbv¼ KZ? (mnR)
K (4, 0)  (0, 4) M (5, 0) N (6, 4) K (5, 2) L (2, 7) M (−2, 5)  (−2, 9)
e¨vL¨v : y-A‡ÿi Dci x = 0 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 (0, 4) we›`y y-Aÿ‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z|
8. x I y Pj‡Ki m¤úK© †h wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K 18. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
Kx e‡j? (mnR) i. GKwU mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb me©`v bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i
K †iLvwPÎ  †jLwPÎ M eûfzR N AvqZ‡jL ii. 4x + y = 2 mgxKi‡Yi †jL Aek¨B mij‡iLv
9. †jLwP‡Î KqwU we›`y _v‡K? (mnR) iii. `yBwU mgxKi‡Yi †jL GKwU we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j Abb¨ mgvavb _vK‡e
K2 L3 M4  AmsL¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
10. QK KvM‡R KqwU eM©‡K GKK ai‡j (3, 6) we›`ywU (9, 18) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
we›`y wn‡m‡e ¯’vbv¼vwqZ Kiv hvq? (ga¨g)
2x − y = 4 .............(1)
K1
x y
3 M4 N5 19. 4x − 2y = 12 .........(2) }
11. + = 3 mgxKiYwUi †jL Kxiƒc?
2 3
(mnR) Dc‡ii mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †jLwPÎ :
 mij‡iLv L e„Ë M Dce„Ë N Awae„Ë Y
12. (−1, 5), (0, 3), (3, −3) we›`y¸‡jv‡K QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Ki‡j (6, 6) 
†jLwPÎwU †Kgb n‡e? (ga¨g) (4, 4) 
 mij‡iLv L eµ‡iLv M e„Ë N Awae„Ë

13. (2, 3) we›`ywU wb‡Pi †Kvb mgxKi‡Yi Dci Aew¯’Z n‡e? (ga¨g) X O (3, 0) X
K x + y = 3  2x + y = 7 M x + 3y = 5 N 2x + y = 8 (0,− 4) 
e¨vL¨v : (2, 3) we›`ywU 2x + y = 7 mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i|
(−1, − 6)   (0, − 6)
ZLb, evgcÿ = 2  2 + 3 = 7 = Wvbcÿ
14. 2x + y = 3 mgxKiYwUi †jLwPÎ †Kgb n‡e? (mnR) Y
K Dce„Ë L Awae„Ë M eµ‡iLv  mij‡iLv mgxKiY‡RvUwU−
15. x + y = 2 I x − y = 2 mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY we›`y wb‡Pi i. ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
†KvbwU? (ga¨g) ii. mgÄm
iii.†Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB 21. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mvaviY we›`y wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K (1, 6) L (4, 1)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  (3, 6) N (0, −3)
22. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K (x, y) = (0, −3) L (x, y) = (1, 6)
M (x, y) = (4, 1)  (x, y) = (3, 6)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 23Ñ25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
+ = 2 
Y x y
`2 3  GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
 (3, 6) 2x + 3y = 13
23. wb‡Pi †Kvb we›`ywU 1g †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
(4, 1) K (0, 3) L (0, 0)

O X  (0, 6) N (6, 0)
X
(0, − 3)

 (5, −4) 24. wb‡Pi †Kvb we›`ywU 2q †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z? (mnR)
  (− 4, 7) L (4, 7)
(−1, − 6) M (−4, −7) N (0, 0)
Y 25. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 (2, 3) L (0, 0)
20. 5x + y = 21 mgxKiYwU y Aÿ‡K †Kvb we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q? M (0, 3) N (3, 0)
(KwVb)
 (0, −3) L (0, 4)
M (4, 1) N (5, −4)

26. wb‡Pi †Kvb we›`ywU x + 2y = −2 mgxKi‡Yi †jLwP‡Îi Dci ii. (−2, −3)we›`ywU y = 2x − 6 Gi †j‡Li Dci Aew¯’Z
Aew¯’Z? iii. (x) = x − 5 I (x) = 0 n‡j x = 5
K (2, 2)  (−2, 0) M (0, 4) N (4, 0)
27. we›`ywU †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?
(−2, 0)
K 1g PZzf©v‡M L y-A‡ÿ K i I ii  i I iii
 x-A‡ÿ N 4_© PZzf©v‡M M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
28. i. (2, −3) we›`ywU 4_© PZzf©v‡M Aew¯’Z

œ 1  2x − y − 3 = 0 GKwU mgxKiY|
cÖk- y −5 1 5 9
K. †jLwPÎ Kx? 2 wb‡Y© q mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci PviwU we›`y h_vµ‡g
L. Q‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Yi PviwU we›`y wbY©q (−1, −5), (2, 1), (4, 5), (6, 9)|
Ki| 4 M. g‡b Kwi, XOX' eivei x Aÿ Ges YOY' eivei y Aÿ Ges
M. we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †`LvI †h, †jLwU O g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri Dfq Aÿ eivei ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i
GKwU mij‡iLv| 4 cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK a‡i QK KvM‡R mgxKiY (2) bs
†_‡K cÖvß PviwU we›`y h_vµ‡g (−1, −5), (2, 1), (4, 5), (6, 9)
we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kwi I we›`y¸‡jv ci¯úi mshy³ Kwi Ges Dfq
K. `yB PjKwewkó GKwU mij mgxKi‡Y we`¨gvb PjK x I y Gi w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi|
m¤úK©‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GB wPÎ‡K H
m¤ú‡K©i †jLwPÎ e‡j|
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU 2x − y − 3 = 0 ... ... ... (i)
cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †_‡K cvB,
−y = 3 − 2x
ev, y = 2x − 3
 y = 2x − 3 ... ... ... (ii)
GLb mgxKiY (ii) G x Gi K‡qKwU gvb wb‡q y Gi Abyiƒc
gvb †ei Kwi I wb‡Pi QK ˆZwi Kwi :
x −1 2 4 6
Y †`Lv hv‡”Q †jL GKwU mij‡iLv|

(6, 9)

(4, 5)
 (2, 1)
X O X

(−1,−5)
Y

œ 2  2x + 5y = 7
cÖk-
8x + 11y = 19 `yB PjKwewkó mgxKiY †RvU| Y
(−45,5) 8x + 11y =19
K. mgxKiY †RvU †_‡K y wbY©‡qi Rb¨ `yBwU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 
L. mgxKiYØq †_‡K †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼
wbY©q Ki| 4 
M. †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb (x, y) (−4,3)
P(1,1)
wbY©q Ki| 4 X  X
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  O (6,−1)

K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 2x + 5y = 7 ............ (i) 2x + 5y = 7
8x + 11y = 19 ........ (ii) 
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB, 2x + 5y = 7 (65,−3)
ev, 5y = 7 − 2x Y
7 − 2x
y=
5
(1) bs mgxKi‡Yi †jL A¼b : (− 4, 3),(1, 1), (6, −1)
mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB, 8x + 11y = 19 we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| we›`yÎq †hvM Ki‡j GKwU
ev, 11y = 19 − 8x mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq| mij‡iLvwU‡K Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi|
19 − 8x (2) bs mgxKi‡Yi †jL A¼b : (−4.5, 5) (1, 1),(6.5, −3)
y =
11 we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| we›`yÎq †hvM Ki‡j GKwU
7 − 2x 19 − 8x mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq| mij‡iLvwU‡K Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb
y=
5
Ges y = 11
7 − 2x cÖ_‡gv³ †iLv‡K †Q` K‡i|
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, y = 5 †Q` we›`yi fzR I †KvwU wbY©q : awi, mij‡iLv `yBwU ci¯úi P
GB m¤úK© †_‡K †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi| we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| P we›`y Dfq mij‡iLviB mvaviY we›`y e‡j
x −4 1 6 GB we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ Dfq mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i|
y 3 1 −1
†jL †_‡K, P we›`yi fzR = P †_‡K Y A‡ÿi j¤^ `~iZ¡ = 1
 †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ n‡jv, (−4, 3),(1, 1),(6, −1) GKK Ges †KvwU = P †_‡K X A‡ÿi j¤^ `~iZ¡ = 1 GKK
19 − 8x
Ges y = 11  mgvavb (x, y) = (1, 1)
GB m¤úK© †_‡K †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi| œ 3  wb‡Pi mgxKiY `yBwU jÿ Ki :
cÖk-
x − 45 1 65 3x − 2y = 0 ...........(i)
y 5 1 −3 17x − 7y = 13 .......(ii)
 †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ n‡jv, (− 45, 5), (1, 1), K. (1, 1) we›`ywU (i) bs
mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wKbv hvPvB
(65, − 3) Ki| 2
M. GKwU QK KvM‡R GKwU Abyf‚wgK I GKwU Djøj¤^ †iLv L. mgxKiY †RvUwU Acbqb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki| 4
h_vµ‡g XX Ges YY Uvwb| †iLv `yBwU O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| M. †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiY `yBwU‡K mgvavb K‡i
O n‡jv g~jwe›`y| g‡b Kwi, 1 GKK = QK KvM‡Ri `yB Ni| ÔLÕ As‡k cÖvß djvdj hvPvB Ki| 4
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY, 3x − 2y = 0 .............(i) GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| hv (i) bs mgxKiY Øviv wb‡`©wkZ
mgxKiY (i) G x = 1 I y = 1 ewm‡q cvB mij‡iLvi †jLwPÎ|
evgcÿ = 3  1 − 2  1 = 3 − 2 = 1  Wvbcÿ Avevi, (−5, −14), (2, 3), (9, 20) we›`¸‡jv †jL KvM‡R ¯’vcb
(1, 1) we›`ywU mgxKiY (i) Gi mgvavb bq| Kwi| GB we›`y¸‡jv †hvM K‡i Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z K‡i GKwU
L. mgxKiY (i) †K 7 Ges mgxKiY (ii) †K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i cvB, mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| hv (ii) bs mgxKiY Øviv wb‡`©wkZ
21x − 14y = 0 mij‡iLvi †jLwPÎ|
34x − 14y = 26 GB mij‡iLvwU c~‡e©v³ mij‡iLv‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| A
(−) (+) (−) we›`y Dfq mij‡iLvi mvaviY we›`y| Gi ¯’vbv¼ Dfq
we‡qvM K‡i, −13x = −26 mgxKiY‡K wm× K‡i| †jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, A we›`yi fzR
−26 2 Ges †KvwU 3.
ev, x = −13
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (2, 3); hv ÔLÕ As‡k cÖvß mgvav‡bi mgvb|
x=2
mgxKiY (i)-G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, 3  2 − 2y = 0 œ 4  5x − 3y = 10
cÖk-
ev, 6 − 2y = 0 10x − 6y = 1 `yB PjK wewkó mgxKiY‡RvU|
ev, −2y = −6 K. mgxKiY †RvU †_‡K y wbY©‡qi Rb¨ `yBwU mgxKiY
−6 MVb Ki| 2
ev, y = −2
L. †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, y = 3 M. †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiYØ‡qi mgvavb (x, y)
 x=2 I y=3 wbY©q Ki| 4
 mgvavb : (x, y) = (2, 3)  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. mgxKiY (i) n‡Z −2y = −3x
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 5x − 3y = 10 ............ (i)
−3x
ev, y = −2 10x − 6y = 1 ........... (ii)
3x
y= 5x − 3y = 10
2
GB mgxKiY †_‡K †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki| ev, −3y = 10 − 5x
10 − 5x
x −4 4 8 ev, −y = 3
y −6 6 12
5x − 10
Avevi mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cvB, −7y = 13 − 17x y=
3
[Dfqcÿ‡K −1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
13 − 17x 17x − 13 mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
ev, y = −7  y = 7
10x − 6y = 1
GB mgxKi‡Yi †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi| ev, −6y = 1 − 10x
x −5 2 9
ev, 6y = 10x − 1 [Dfqcÿ‡K −1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
y −14 3 20
10x − 1
cÖwZ ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i GK evû‡K GK GKK a‡i| y=
6
Y 5x − 10 
GLb y = 3 
10x − 1 
 (9,20)
Ges y = 6  
5x − 10
 (8,12) L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, y = 3
GB mgxKiY †_‡K †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi,
A  (4,6) x −1 2 5
 y −5 0 5
(2,3)
 †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ n‡jv, (−1, −5), (2, 0), (5,
X O X 5)
10x − 1
(−4,−6)  Avevi, ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, y = 6
GB mgxKi‡Yi †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi,
(−5,−14) x 1 −2 −5
 Y
y 3 7 17
g‡b Kwi, XOX' I YOY' h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O − −
2 2 2
g~jwe›`y| (− 4, − 6), (4, 6) I (8, 12) we›`y¸‡jv‡K †jL KvM‡R  †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ n‡jv :
¯’vcb Kwi| GB we›`y¸‡jv †hvM K‡i Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z K‡i
y 4 −1 9
(1 32), (− 2 − 72), (− 5 − 172)  †j‡Li wZbwU we›`y n‡jv : (0, 4), (3, −1), (−3, 9)
M. QK KvM‡R GKwU Abyf‚wgK I GKwU Djø¤^ †iLv h_vµ‡g L. QK KvM‡R GKwU Abyf‚wgK I GKwU Djø¤^ †iLv h_vµ‡g XX Ges
XX Ges YY Uvwb| †iLv `yBwU O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| O n‡jv g~j
YY Uvwb| †iLv `ywU O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| O n‡jv ga¨we›`y|
we›`y| g‡b Kwi, 1 GKK = QK KvM‡Ri `yB Ni|
g‡b Kwi, 1 GKK = QK KvM‡Ri `yB Ni| cÖ_g mgxKi‡Yi †jL A¼‡bi Rb¨ (2, 0), (1, 3), (3, −3)
(1) bs mgxKi‡Yi †jL A¼‡bi Rb¨ (−1, −5), (2, 0), (5, 5)
we›`yÎq †hvM Ki‡j GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq|
we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| we›`yÎq †hvM Ki‡j GKwU
mij‡iLvwU‡K Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi|
mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq| mij‡iLvwU‡K Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi|
wØZxq mgxKi‡Yi †jL A¼‡bi Rb¨ (0, 4), (3, −1), (−3, 9)
3 7
(2) bs mgxKi‡Yi †jL A¼‡bi Rb¨ 1
2
, − 2 −
2 ( )(
, )
we›`yÎq †hvM Ki‡j GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq|
mij‡iLvwU‡K Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Ki‡j cÖ_‡gv³ mij †iLv‡K
17
( − 5 −
2 )
we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi| we›`yÎq †hvM GKwU we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Ki‡j GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv hvq|  Y (−3,9)
Y

(5.5)
(0,4)  (1,3)
3 
(1, /2) 
 3  3

(2,0) 2 2
 
O
X X
X 0(0,0) (2,0)  (3,−1) X
( ) −2 −
7
2


Y

(3,−3)
(−1,−5)

( )−5 −
7
2 Y
(3 3)
Ic‡ii †jL †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, †iLvØq 2 2 we›`y‡Z †Q`
K‡i‡Q|
†jL †_‡K †`L‡Z cvB, Giv Df‡q mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv Ges 3 3
x=
2
Ges y = 2
†Kv‡bv we›`y‡ZB †Q` K‡i bv| A_©vr G‡ì †Q`we›`y †bB|
myZivs cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB|  mgvavb (x, y)= (32 23)
œ 5  3x + y = 6
cÖk- M. 3x + y = 6 ............ (1)
5x + 3y = 12 `yB
PjKwewkó mgxKiY †RvU| 5x + 3y = 12 ........ (2)
K. mgxKiYØ‡qi cÖwZwU †j‡Li Rb¨ wZbwU K‡i we›`y (1) bs mgxKiY‡K 3 Øviv ¸Y K‡i cÖvß mgxKiY †_‡K (2)
†ei Ki| 2 bs we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
L. we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i †iLvØq A¼b Ki 9x + 3y = 18
Ges mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb †ei Ki| 4 5x + 3y = 12
M. †h‡Kv‡bv c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb †ei (−) (−) (−)
Ki| 4 4x =6
6
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, x = 4
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU, 3
x=
2
3x + y = 6
Ges 5x + 3y = 12 x Gi gvb (1) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
3
GLb, 3x + y = 6 3. + y = 6
2
ev, y = 6 − 3x 9
x 2 1 3 ev, 2 + y = 6
y 0 3 −3 9
ev, y = 6 − 2
 †j‡Li wZbwU we›`y n‡jv: (2, 0), (1, 3), (3, − 3)
12 − 9
Avevi, 5x + 3y = 12 ev, y = 2
12 − 5x 3
ev, y = 3 y=
2
x 0 3 −3
(3 3)
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = 2 2

5x − 3y = 10 L. †jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g mgvavb Ki| 4
cÖk- }
œ 6  10x − 6y = 1 `yB PjKwewkó mgxKiY‡RvU|
M. mgxKiY‡RvU †h‡Kv‡bv c×wZ‡Z mgvavb K‡i ÔLÕ Gi mZ¨Zv
K. mgxKiY‡RvU †_‡K y wbY©‡qi Rb¨ `yBwU mgxKiY MVb Ki|2 hvPvB Ki| 4
L. mgxKiYØq †_‡K †j‡Li wZbwU K‡i we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki| 4 1
M. †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiYØ‡qi mgvavb (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : L. (x, y) = 1 2 ( )
5x − 10 10x − 1 + = 2 
x y
DËi : K. y = 3
Ges y = 6 œ 82 3
cÖk-  `yB PjKwewkó GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
2x + 3y = 13
L. (−1, −5), (2, 0), (5, 5) Ges ( ) ( ) (−5 − 172)
3
2
7
1 , −2 − ,
2 K. 1g mgxKi‡Yi y †K x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
L. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡RvU mgvavb Ki|
2
4
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB|
3x + 2y = 4
M. †jL c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb Ki| 4
}
œ 7  3x − 4y = 1 `yB PjKwewkó GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU|
cÖk-
DËi : y =
12 − 3x
2
; L. (x, y) = (2, 3); M. (x, y) = (2, 3)
K. mgxKiYØ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †j‡Li wZbwU K‡i we›`y wbY©q Ki| 2

 ev¯ÍewfwËK mgm¨vi mnmgxKiY MVb I mgvavb
ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Ggb wKQz MvwYwZK mgm¨v Av‡Q hv mgxKiY MV‡bi gva¨‡g mgvavb Kiv mnRZi nq| G Rb¨ mgm¨vi kZ© ev
kZ©vewj †_‡K `yBwU AÁvZ ivwki Rb¨ `yBwU MvwYwZK cÖZxK, cÖavbZ PjK x, y aiv nq| AÁvZ ivwk `yBwUi gvb cvIqv hvq| AÁvZ
ivwk `yBwUi gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ `yBwU mgxKiY MVb Ki‡Z nq| MwVZ mgxKiYØq mgvavb Ki‡jB AÁvZ ivwk `yBwUi gvb cvIqv hvq|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡Pi †Kvb k‡Z© ax + by + c = 0 I px + qy + r = 0 (−) (+) (−)
3y = 0
mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi Awbf©ikxj n‡e? y=0
a b a b c a b c a b GLb, 2x − 0 = 8
 
p q
(L) p = q = r (M) p = q  r (N) p = q
ev, 2x = 8  x = 4
cÖkœ \ 2 \ x + y = 4, x − y = 2 n‡j, (x, y) Gi gvb wb‡Pi  x + y = 4 + 0 = 4.
†KvbwU? cÖkœ \ 6 \ wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K. (2, 4) L. (4, 2)  (3, 1) N. (1, 3) i. 2x − y = 0 I x − 2y = 0 mgxKiYØq ci¯úi wbf©ikxj|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ x + y = 6 I 2x = 4 n‡j, y Gi gvb KZ? ii. x − 2y + 3 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ (−3, 0) we›`yMvgx|
K. 2 4 M. 6 N. 8 iii. 3x + 4y = 1 mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ GKwU mij‡iLv|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
x 0 2 4
y −4 0 4 K. i I ii  ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
Rb¨ cv‡ki QKwU mwVK? cÖkœ \ 7 \ AvqZvKvi GKwU N‡ii †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ A‡cÿv 2
K. y = x − 4 L. y = 8 − x wgUvi †ewk Ges †g‡Si cwimxgv 20 wgUvi|
M. y = 4 − 2x  y = 2x − 4 wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 2x − y = 8 Ges x − 2y = 4 n‡j, x + y = KZ? (1) NiwUi †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
K. 0 4 M. 8 N. 12 K. 10 L. 8 6 N. 4
e¨vL¨v : 2x − y = 8 e¨vL¨v : awi cÖ¯’ = x wg.  ˆ`N©¨ : (x + 2) wg.
2x − 4y = 8 cÖkœg‡Z,
2(x + x + 2) = 20 cÖkœ \ 9 \ †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je †_‡K 1 we‡qvM I n‡ii mv‡_ 2 †hvM
ev, 2(2x + 2) = 20 1
ev, 4x + 4 = 20 Ki‡j fMœvskwU 2 nq| Avi je †_‡K 7 we‡qvM Ges ni †_‡K 2
ev, 4x = 20 − 4 = 16 1
x=4 we‡qvM Ki‡j fMœvskwU 3 nq| fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki|
 ˆ`N©¨ = (4 + 2) wg. = 6 wg. mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, fMœvskwUi je x Ges ni y
(2) NiwUi †g‡Si †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? x
 24 L. 32 M. 48 N. 80  fMœvskwU = y
e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj = (6  4) eM© wg. = 24 eM© wg. x–1 1
1g kZ©vbymv‡i, y + 2 = 2 ...........(i)
(3) NiwUi †g‡S †gvRvBK Ki‡Z cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 900 UvKv
wn‡m‡e †gvU KZ LiP n‡e? x–7 1
2q kZ©vbymv‡i, y – 2 = 3 ................(ii)
K. 72000 L. 43200 M. 28800  21600 mgxKiY (1) n‡Z cvB,
e¨vL¨v : cÖwZ eM©wgUvi 900 UvKv wn‡m‡e †gvRvBK Ki‡Z †gvU LiP
= (900  24) UvKv
y + 2 = 2x – 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
= 21600 UvKv| ev, y = 2x – 2 – 2
mnmgxKiY MVb K‡i mgvavb Ki (8 -17) :  y = 2x – 4 ... ... (iii)
cÖkœ \ 8 \ †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mv‡_ 1 †hvM mgxKiY (2) n‡Z cvB,
4
3x – 21 = y – 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
Ki‡j fMœvskwU 5 n‡e| Avevi, je I n‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU †_‡K 5 ev, 3x – 21 = 2x – 4 – 2 [ y = 2x – 4]
1 ev, 3x – 2x = 21 – 6
we‡qvM Ki‡j fMœvskwU 2 n‡e| fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki|  x = 15
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, fMœvskwUi je x Ges ni y (iii) bs mgxKi‡Y x-Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
x  y = 2  15 – 4
 fMœvskwU = y = 30 – 4
= 26
x+1 4
1g kZ©vbymv‡i, y + 1 = 5 .........(i) wb‡Y©q
x 15
fMœvskwU y = 26 .
x−5 1
2q kZ©vbymv‡i, = ...........(ii)
y−5 2 cÖkœ \ 10 \ `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ `kK
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wZb¸Y A‡cÿv 1 †ewk| wKš‘ A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq
5x + 5 = 4y + 4 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq, Zv A¼Ø‡qi mgwói AvU¸‡Yi mgvb|
ev, 5x − 4y = 4 − 5 msL¨vwU KZ?
 5x − 4y = −1 ...................(iii) mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x
mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cvB, Ges `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ y.
2x − 10 = y − 5 [Avo¸Yb K‡i]  msL¨vwU = 10y + x
ev, 2x − y = − 5 + 10 A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j cÖvß msL¨vwU 10x + y
ev, 2x − y = 5 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, x = 3y + 1 .....................(1)
ev, 2x = y + 5 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, 10x + y = 8(x + y)...........(2)
y+5
 x = 2 ...........(iv) mgxKi‡Y (2) G x = 3y + 1 ewm‡q cvB,
10(3y + 1) + y = 8(3y + 1 + y)
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii) G ewm‡q cvB,
ev, 30y + 10 + y = 24y + 8 + 8y
y+5
5 ( )2
− 4y = − 1 ev, 31y + 10 = 32 y + 8
ev, 31y − 32y = 8 − 10 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
5y + 25 − 8y
ev, 2
=−1 ev, − y = −2
ev, 25 − 3y = − 2 y=2 [−1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, − 3y = − 2 − 25 y Gi gvb mgxKiY (1) G ewm‡q cvB, x = 3  2 + 1
ev, − 3y = − 27 =6+1
=7
 y = 9 [−3 Øviv fvM K‡i]  msL¨vwU = 10  2 + 7
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (iv) G ewm‡q cvB, = 20 + 7
9+5 = 27 (Ans.)
x=
2
14 cÖkœ \ 11 \ `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi AšÍi 4;
ev, x = 2 msL¨vwUi A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq, Zvi I
x = 7 g~j msL¨vwUi †hvMdj 110; msL¨vwU wbY©q Ki|
x 7 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x
wb‡Y©q fMœvsk y = 9
Ges `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ y.
 msL¨vwU = 10y + x
A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j msL¨vwU = 10x + y
cÖ_g kZ©vbymv‡i,
x – y = 4; hLb x > y ... ... ... ... ... ... (i) 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, xy – (x – 5) (y + 3) = 9 ... ... ... (i)
y – x = 4; hLb x < y ... ... ..... ... .. ... (ii) 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, (x + 3) (y + 2) – xy = 67 ... ... ... (ii)
wØZxq kZ©vbymv‡i, mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
10y + x + 10x + y = 110 ... ... ... ... (iii) xy – (xy – 5y + 3x – 15) = 9
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †_‡K cvB, ev, xy – xy + 5y – 3x + 15 = 9
x = 4 + y ... ... ... ... ... (iv) [hLb x > y]
ev, 5y – 3x = 9 – 15
y = 4 + x ... ... ... ... ... (v) [hLb y > x]
mgxKiY (iii) G x-Gi ¯’‡j 4 + y emvB, ev, 5y − 3x = − 6
10y + 4 + y + 10 (4 + y) + y = 110 ev, 5y = 3x – 6 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, 10y + 4 + y + 40 + 10y + y =110 3x – 6
 y = 5 ... ... ... ... ... (iii)
ev, 22y = 110 – 40 – 4
ev, 22y = 66 mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
66 xy + 3y + 2x + 6 – xy = 67
ev, y = 22
ev, 3y + 2x = 67 – 6 = 61 ... ... ... ... (iv)
 y=3 3x – 6
mgxKiY (iv) G y Gi gvb emvB; mgxKiY (iv) G y Gi ¯’‡j 5 emvB,
x=4+3=7 3x – 6
 msL¨vwU = 10  3 + 7 = 30 + 7 = 37 3 + 2x = 61
5
Avevi mgxKiY (iii) Gi y Gi ¯’‡j 4 + x emvB, ev, 9x – 18 + 10x = 305 [Dfqc¶‡K 5 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
10(4 + x) + x + 10x + 4 + x = 110
ev, 40 +10x + x + 10x + 4 + x = 110 ev, 19x = 305 + 18
ev, 22x + 44 = 110 ev, 19x = 323
ev, 22x = 110 – 44 ev, x = 19
323
ev, 22x = 66
 x=3 [Dfqc¶‡K 22 w`‡q fvM K‡i]  x = 17
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (v) G emvB, mgxKiY (iii)-G x Gi gvb emvB,
y=4+3=7 3  17 – 6 51 – 6 45
 msL¨vwU = 10  7 + 3 = 70 + 3 = 73 y=
5
=
5
=
5
=9
wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU 73 ev 37. †ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 17 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 9 wgUvi|
cÖkœ \ 12 \ gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói cÖkœ \ 14 \ GKwU †bŠKv ùvo †e‡q †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j NÈvq 15
Pvi¸Y| 5 eQi ci gvZvi eqm H `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói wØ¸Y wK.wg. hvq Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j hvq NÈvq 5 wK.wg.| †bŠKvi I
n‡e| gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm KZ? †mªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ùv‡oi †eM NÈvq x wK.wg.
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó x eQi
Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq y wK.wg.
Ges gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm 4x eQi 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, x + y = 15 ... ... ... ... ... (i)
5 eQi ci gvZvi eqm n‡e = (4x + 5) eQi
2q kZ©vbymv‡i, x – y = 5 ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
Ges 5 eQi ci `yB Kb¨vi eqm n‡e = (x + 2  5) eQi [†h‡nZz †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †eM = ùv‡oi †eM + †mªv‡Zi †eM Ges
= (x + 10) eQi †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †eM = ùv‡oi †eM Ñ †mªv‡Zi †eM]
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4x + 5 = 2(x + 10) mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
ev, 4x + 5 = 2x + 20 x = 15 – y ... ... ... ... ... (iii)
ev, 4x − 2x = 20 − 5 mgxKiY (ii) G x Gi ¯’‡j 15 – y emvB,
ev, 2x = 15 15 – y – y = 5
15 ev, – 2y = 5 – 15
ev, x = 2 ev, – 2y = – 10
1 – 10
 x =72 ev, y = – 2
1  y=5
 gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm = 4  7 2 eQi = 4  2
( ) ( 15) eQi = 30 mgxKiY (iii)-G y Gi gvb emvB,
eQi x = 15 − 5
AZGe, gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm 30 eQi| (Ans.) = 10
wb‡Y©q †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq 5 wK.wg. Ges †bŠKvi †eM 10 wK.wg./NÈv|
cÖkœ \ 13 \ GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 5 wgUvi Kg I cÖ¯’ 3 wgUvi cÖkœ \ 15 \ GKRb Mv‡g©›Um kªwgK gvwmK †eZ‡b PvKwi K‡ib|
†ewk n‡j †ÿÎdj 9 eM©wgUvi Kg n‡Zv| Avevi ˆ`N©¨ 3 wgUvi †ewk cÖwZeQi †k‡l GKwU wbw`©ó †eZbe„w× cvb| Zvi gvwmK †eZb 4
I cÖ¯’ 2 wgUvi †ewk n‡j †ÿÎdj 67 eM©wgUvi †ewk n‡Zv| †ÿÎwUi eQi ci 4500 UvKv I 8 eQi ci 5000 UvKv nq| Zvi PvKwi ïiæi
ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| †eZb I evwl©K †eZb e„w×i cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZwUi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, PvKwi ïiæi †eZb x UvKv Ges evwl©K †eZb
Ges cÖ¯’ y wgUvi e„w×i cwigvY y UvKv|
 AvqZwUi †¶Îdj = xy eM©wgUvi 4 eQ‡i †eZb e„w× cvq = 4y UvKv
Ges 8 eQ‡i †eZb e„w× cvq = 8y UvKv
1g kZ©vbymv‡i x + 4y = 4500 ..........................(i) x −2 0 2 4
2q kZ©vbymv‡i x + 8y = 5000 ..........................(ii) y −3 0 3 6
mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K (i) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, Y
x + 8y − x − 4y = 5000 − 4500
ev, 4y = 500 (−1,11)
(0, 10)
500
ev, y = 4
x + y = 10
 y = 125 A (4, 6)
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
x + 4  125 = 4500 3x − 2y = 0 (2,3) (8,2)
ev, x + 500 = 4500
ev, x = 4500 − 500 X O 0, 0
X
(−2,−3)
 x = 4000
myZivs PvKwi ïiæi †eZb 4000 UvKv Ges evwl©K †eZbe„w× 125 UvKv|
cÖkœ \ 16 \ GKwU mij mgxKiY‡RvU x + y = 10 Y
3x − 2y = 0
K. †`LvI †h, mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm| Gi KqwU mgvavb Av‡Q? g‡b Kwi, X O X I Y O Y h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgavb K‡i (x, y) wbY©q Ki| QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK a‡i
M. mgxKiYØq Øviv wb‡`©wkZ mij‡iLvØq x-A‡ÿi mv‡_ †h mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cÖvß †j‡Li (−1, 11) (0, 10), (4, 6), (8. 2)
wÎfzR MVb K‡i Zvi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi I we›`y¸‡jv cici †hvM K‡i
mgvavb : Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj|
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY‡RvU x + y = 10 Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cÖvß †j‡Li (−2, −3), (0, 0), (2, 3),
3x − 2y = 0 (4, 6) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i G¸‡jv ci¯úi mshy³
x Gi mnMØ‡qi
1
AbycvZ 3 Kwi Ges Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j Avi GKwU mij‡iLv
cvIqv †Mj| mij‡iLvØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †jL
1
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ −2 †_‡K †`Lv hvq mij‡iLvØq x A‡ÿi mv‡_ AOB MVb
1 −1 K‡i‡Q| hvi f‚wg 10 GKK Ges D”PZv 6 GKK|
  mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
3 2
aªæeK c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ 0
10
Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  10  6 eM© GKK
AOB (1 )
= 30 eM© GKK| (Ans.)
1 −1 10 a1 b1 c1 cÖkœ \ 17 \ †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki j‡ei mv‡_ 7 †hvM Ki‡j fMœvskwUi
Avevi, †h‡nZz, 3  2  0 [
a2 b2 c2
 ]
gvb c~Y©msL¨v 2 nq| Avevi ni n‡Z 2 we‡qvM Ki‡j fMœvskwUi gvb
myZivs †hvM¨Zvi kZ©vbyhvqx mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgÄm I ci¯úi c~Y©msL¨v 1 nq|
Awbf©ikxj| x
K. fMœvskwU y a‡i mgxKiY‡RvU MVb Ki|
AZGe, Gi GKwUgvÎ mgvavb Av‡Q|
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb K‡i (x, y) wbY©q
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, x + y = 10 .................... (i) Ki| fMœvskwU KZ?
3x − 2y = 0 .................. (ii)
mgxKiY (i) †K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i (ii) Gi mv‡_ †hvM K‡i cvB, M. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi †jL A¼b K‡i (x, y) Gi cÖvß gv‡bi
2x + 2y = 20
mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki|
3x − 2y = 0 mgvavb :
(+) K‡i, 5x = 20 K. g‡b Kwi, fMœvskwUi je x Ges ni y
x
ev, x =
20  fMœvskwU = y
5
x=4 x+7
1g kZ©vbymv‡i, y = 2 ..................... (i)
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB, 4 + y = 10
x
ev, y = 10 − 4 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, y − 2 = 1 ..................... (ii)
y=6
x+7
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, 6) wb‡Y©q mgxKiY‡RvU, y = 2
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq x + y = 10 ................... (i) x
=1
3x − 2y = 0 ................ (ii) y−2
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB, y = 10 − x L. mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB,
G mgxKi‡Yi †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi : x + 7 = 2y [Avo¸Yb K‡i]
ev, x − 2y + 7 = 0 ...................... (iii)
x −1 0 4 8
y 11 10 6 2
mgxKiY (2) n‡Z cvB,
x=y−2
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cvB, 2y = 3x ev, x − y + 2 = 0 ....................(iv)
3 mgxKiY (ii) I (iv) n‡Z Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z cvB,
y= x
2
G mgxKi‡Y †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi :
x y 1 Y
= =
(−2)  2 − (−1)  7 1  7 − 1  2 1  (−1) − 1  (−2)
x y 1
ev, − 4 + 7 = 7 − 2 = −1 + 2
(7,9)
x y 1 (4,6)
ev, 3 = 5 = 1 (1,4)
(7,7)
x y 1 (-3,2) A(3,5)
 =1
3
Avevi, 5 = 1 (0,2)
ev, x = 3 ev, y = 5 (-2,0) O
X X
x=3 y=5
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y) = (3, 5)
3
Ges fMœvskwU = 5
M. mgxKiY (iii) n‡Z cvB, −2y = − x − 7
ev, 2y = x + 7 [−1 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
x+7
y= 2 Y
g‡b Kwi, XOX I YOY h_vµ‡g x-Aÿ I y-Aÿ Ges O
G mgxKi‡Yi †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi :
g~jwe›`y|
x −3 1 3 7
y 2 4 5 7 QK KvM‡Ri ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK a‡i
Avevi, mgxKiY (iv) n‡Z cvB, − y = − x − 2 mgxKiY (3) †_‡K cvB (−3, 2), (1, 4), (3, 5) I (7, 7)
ev, y = x + 2 we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb Kwi I we›`y¸‡jv cici †hvM K‡i
G mgxKi‡Y †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi : Dfqw`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj|
x −2 0 4 7 GwUB mgxKiY (3) Gi †jL| Avevi, mgxKiY (4) †_‡K cÖvß
y 0 2 6 9 †j‡Li (−2, 0), (0, 2), (4, 6) I (7, 9) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R
¯’vcb K‡i †hvM Kwi Ges Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| d‡j Avi
GKwU mij‡iLv cvIqv †Mj| GwU mgxKiY (4) Gi †jL|
(3) I (4) mij‡iLvØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †jL
†_‡K †`Lv hvq A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (3, 5) (L) bs Gi cÖvß
gv‡bi mv‡_ (M) bs Gi gv‡bi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡jv|

12
x + y = 7; xy = 12 ev, x =
125 : ev¯ÍewfwËK mgm¨vi mnmgxKiY MVb I y
12
mgvavb ev, y + y = 7 y = 3 n‡j x = 4
ev, y2 − 7y + 12 = 0  msL¨vwU = 3  10 + 4 = 34
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ev, (y − 3) (y − 4) = 0
 y = 3, 4
1. `yBwU msL¨vi mgwó 11 Ges ¶z`ªZi msL¨vi wZb¸Y e„nËi
msL¨vi †P‡q 5 †ewk n‡j msL¨vØq KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
6. `yBwU abvZ¥K msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó 5 Ges ¸Ydj 2 n‡j,
K 8 Ges 6 L 3 Ges 8  7 Ges 4 N 2 Ges 9
G‡ì e‡M©i AšÍi KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 3 N4
2. GKwU AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 2 wgUvi 7. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ `kK
n‡j Gi cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
K 28  24 M 20 N 16
¯’vbxq A‡¼i 8 ¸Y A‡cÿv 1 †ewk msL¨vwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
K 15 L 16 M 18  19
3. GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wØ¸Y| Gi cÖ¯’ 12
wgUvi n‡j cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
8. `yBwU abvZ¥K msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó 250 Ges msL¨v `yBwUi
K 60 L 70  72 N 74 ¸Ydj 117 n‡j eo msL¨vwU KZ? (KwVb)
4. `yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ I `kK  13 L 15 M 17 N 19
¯’vbxq A¼ h_vµ‡g x I y MwVZ msL¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 9. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x cÖ¯’ y n‡j, Ges KY© a wgUvi n‡j
xy wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 10x + y L 10xy M  10y + x
10  x2 + y2 = a L x2 − y2 = a2
5. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 7 Ges ¸Ydj M x2 + y2 = a N x2 + y2 = a
12 n‡j msL¨vwU KZ? (mnR) 10. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi Aa©cwimxgv A‡cÿv KY© 7 wgUvi †ewk|
 34 L 52 M 61 N 62 ˆ`N©¨ x I cÖ¯’ y n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x I `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ y n‡j
K x2 + y2 − x − y − 7 = 0 L x2 + y2 − x + y + 7 = 0
 x2 + y2 − (x + y) = 7 N x2 + y2 − x + y = 7 A
11. GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb¸Y Ges †ÿÎdj 90
48 eM©wgUvi n‡j, cÖ¯’ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
4 L8 M 12 N 16
2x x
e¨vL¨v : awi, cÖ¯’ x wgUvi,  3x2 = 48 ev, x2 = 16 ev, x = 4. B C
12. `yBwU µwgK abvZ¥K msL¨vi e‡M©i AšÍi 9; msL¨v `yBwU KZ? (ga¨g) ABC-G A = B + C n‡j−
 4, 5 L 6, 7 M 3, 4 N 5, 6 i. 90 = 3x.
e¨vL¨v : (x + 1)2 − x2 = 9 ev, 2x + 1 = 9 ev, x = 4.
ii. B = 30 Ges C = 60
13. GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 40 wg., cÖ¯’ 10 wg. n‡j Gi
iii. A + B + C = 180
mgvb †ÿÎdj wewkó eM©vKvi gv‡Vi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
K 10 L 15  20 N 30
e¨vL¨v : x2 = 40  10 ev, x = 20. K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
14. gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói Pvi¸Y| e¨vL¨v : A + B + C = 180
gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm x eQi n‡j 5 eQi ci `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi ev, 3x + x + 2x = 180
mgwó KZ n‡e? (ga¨g) ev, 6x = 180
1 1 1 1  x = 30
K (x + 20) L (x + 40)  (x + 40) N (x + 20)  B = 60 Ges C = 30
2 2 4 4
e¨vL¨v : gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm x eQi n‡j, `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó 4 eQi|
x 21. GKwU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I ni µg msL¨v n‡j fMœvskwU−
x 5 6
x i. ii. iii.
5 eQi ci `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó = { 4
+ (2  5) } eQi x+1
6 5
(ga¨g)
x 1
= (4
+ 10 ) eQi = 4 (x + 40) eQi|  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
15. †Kvb fMœvs‡ki je †_‡K 2 we‡qvM K‡i Ges n‡ii mv‡_ 1 22.
3
†hvM Ki‡j fMœvskwU 7 nq| fMœvskwU KZ? (KwVb) 1 4 wg.
3 5 6 8
K L M 
4 6 7 9 8 wg.
†ÿÎwUi−
16. GKwU †bŠKv †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j NÈvq 5 wK.wg. hvq| †mªv‡Zi
i. iv¯Ívmn ˆ`N©¨ 10 wg.
†eM 5 wK.wg. n‡j †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM KZ wK.wg.?(KwVb)
K6  10 M 16 N 24
ii. iv¯Ív ev‡` †ÿÎdj 32 eM©wgUvi
17. wb‡Pi †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki j‡ei mv‡_ 7 †hvM Ki‡j fMœvskwUi iii. †fZ‡ii cwimxgv 24 wgUvi
gvb c~Y© msL¨v 2 nq| fMœvskwU KZ? (KwVb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1 3 6 8 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K  M N
3 5 7 9 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
3 3 + 7 10
e¨vL¨v : 5 fMœvskwUi j‡ei mv‡_ 7 †hvM Ki‡j fMœvskwU nq = = 2.
5
5
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi `yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwói mv‡_ 5 †hvM
18. wb‡Pi Z_¨wU jÿ Ki : Ki‡j †hvMdj n‡e msL¨vwUi `kK ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wZb¸Y| Avi
`yB A¼wewkó †Kv‡bv msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x Ges msL¨vwUi A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hv‡e, Zv g~j
`kK ¯’vbxq A¼ y n‡jÑ msL¨vwU †_‡K 9 Kg n‡e|
i. msL¨vwU n‡e 10y + x 23. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ x n‡j 1g kZ© †_‡K MwVZ mgxKiY
ii. msL¨vwUi A¼ `yBwUi †hvMdj n‡e x + y wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
iii. msL¨vwUi A¼Øq ci¯úi ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j msL¨vwU n‡e 10x + y K x = 2y − 5  y = 2x − 5 M x + 2y = 5 N 2x + 2y = 0
e¨vL¨v : x + y + 5 = 3x ev, y = 2x − 5.
24. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wØZxq kZ©? (mnR)
 10y + x = (10x + y) − 9 L 10y + x = 9
19. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ `kK ¯’vbxq M 10y + x + 9 = 0 N 10x + y + 9 = 0
A‡¼i wZb¸Y A‡cÿv 1 †ewk| wKš‘ A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h 25. msL¨vwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (ga¨g)
msL¨v cvIqv hvq, Zv A¼Ø‡qi mgwói AvU¸‡Yi mgvb n‡j− K 24  34 M 43 N 63
i. 1g kZ©vbymv‡i MwVZ mgxKiY x = 3y + 1  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 26 − 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. 2q kZ©vbymv‡i MwVZ mgxKiY 10x + y = 8(x + y) GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi I cÖ¯’ y wgUvi|
iii. msL¨vwU 37 26. evMv‡bi cwimxgv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K x+y L 2x + y  2(x + y) N 2xy
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 27. evMvbwUi KY© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
20. K x+y  x +y2 2 M 2xy N x + y3
3
28. hw` evMv‡bi cwimxgv 56 Ges KY© 20 wgUvi nq Z‡e xy Gi
gvb wb‡Pi †Kvb&wU? (ga¨g)
K 57 L 95 M 132 192 GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi cÖ‡¯’i wØ¸Y, ˆ`N©¨ A‡cÿv 10 wgUvi †ewk
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 − 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ges evMvbwUi cwimxgv 100 wgUvi| evMvbwUi mxgvbvi evB‡i
GKwU AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi cwimxgv 28 wgUvi Ges KY© 10 wgUvi Pviw`‡K 2 wgUvi PIov iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯ÍvwU BU w`‡q euva‡Z cÖwZ
29. AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (ga¨g) eM© wgUv‡i LiP nq 120 UvKv|
 8 wgUvi L 9 wgUvi M 10 wgUvi N 11 wgUvi 35. evMvbwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
30. AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi cÖ¯’ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)  50 L 100 M 150 N 200
K 8 wgUvi L 7 wgUvi  6 wgUvi N 5 wgUvi e¨vL¨v : 2(x + y) = 100 ev, x + y = 50
31. D³ gv‡Vi mgvb †¶Îdjwewkó eM©‡¶‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ 36. iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ? (ga¨g)
K 560 L 600  816 N 1600
KZ? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : 34  24 = 816
K 3 2 wgUvi  4 3 wgUvi M 5 2 wgUvi N 6 3 wgUvi 37. BU w`‡q iv¯Ív ˆZwi Kivi LiP KZ? (KwVb)
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 32 − 35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 2460 L 25320  25920 N 34920
†Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j e¨vL¨v : iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = 816 − 20  30 = 216
 †gvU LiP = 216  120 = 25920
4
fMœvskwU 5 nq| Avevi, je I ni cÖ‡Z¨KwU †_‡K 5 we‡qvM Ki‡j  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 38−40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 AvU eQi c~‡e© wcZvi eqm cy‡Îi eq‡mi AvU¸Y wQj| `k eQi ci
fMœvskwU 2 nq|
wcZvi eqm cy‡Îi eq‡mi wØ¸Y n‡e|
32. 1g kZ©wU‡K x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 38. AvU eQi c~‡e© cy‡Îi eqm KZ wQj? (KwVb)
5x + 1 5x − 4 5x − 1 K 5 eQi  3 eQi M 9 eQi N 4 eQi
 L M N 5x − 1
4 4 5 39. eZ©gv‡b wcZvi eqm KZ? (ga¨g)
5x + 1
e¨vL¨v : 4y + 4 = 5x + 5 ev, y = 4 . K 30 eQi  32 eQi M 36 eQi N 42 eQi
33. 2q kZ©‡K mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j Gi mijxK…Z 40. 13 eQi c‡i wcZv I cy‡Îi eq‡mi mgwó KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
iƒc wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K 54 eQi L 63 eQi  69 eQi N 74 eQi
K x − 2y − 5 = 0  2x − y − 5 = 0  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 41−43 bs cÖ
‡ kœ i DËi `vI :
M 2x − y + 5 = 0 N 2x − 3y + 5 = 0 gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói 4 ¸Y| 5 eQi
x−5 1 ci gvZvi eqm H `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói `yB ¸Y|
e¨vL¨v : = ev, 2x − 10 = y − 5 ev, 2x − y − 5 = 0
y−5 2
41. gvZvi eqm x I `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó y n‡j, wb‡Pi
34. fMœvskwUi je 7 n‡j, fMœvskwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
7 7 7 7
†KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K  M N K x = x + y L x = 4(x + y) x = 4y N 4x = y
8 9 18 19
x+1 4 7+1 4 8 4 42. `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó 10 eQi n‡j, gvZvi eqm KZ? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : 32 bs n‡Z, y + 1 = 5 ev, y + 1 = 5 ev, y + 1 = 5 K 30 eQi L 31 eQi M 37 eQi  40 eQi
2 1
ev, y + 1 = 5 ev, y + 1 = 10
43. gvZvi eqm 36 eQi n‡j, `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó KZ
eQi? (ga¨g)
y=9
K7 L8 9 N 10
x 7
 fMœvskwU, y = 9

44. GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i †P‡q 10 †ewk| cÖ¯’ x wg.  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 51 − 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
n‡j, evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ? GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i †P‡q 10 wgUvi †ewk|
K x2 + 10  x(x + 10) M x2 − 100 N x2 − 10 evMv‡bi evB‡i 2 wgUvi PIov iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
45. evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g x I y wgUvi n‡j Zvi K‡Y©i 47. cÖ¯’ x wgUvi n‡j evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi?
ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? K x2 + 10  x(x + 10) M x2 − 100 N x2 − 10
K x2 + y2  x2 + y2 M xy N x+y
48. iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ?
K x2 + 14x + 24 L x2 + 18x + 18
46. GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb¸Y Ges †ÿÎdj M x2 + 56x + 18  x2 + 18x + 56
768 eM©wgUvi n‡j evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? 49. cÖ¯’ 20 wgUvi n‡j iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj KZ?
 16 L 32 M 48 N 64 K 126 eM©wgUvi L 216 eM©wgUvi M 612 eM©wgUvi  600 eM©wgUvi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. 2x – y = 0 I x – 2y = 0 mgxKiYØq ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
ii. x – 2y + 3 = 0 mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ (–3, 0) we›`yMvgx
iii. 3x + 4y = 1 mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ GKwU mij‡iLv iii. x − 2y = 4mgxKiYwU AÁvZ ivwkØ‡qi AmsL¨ gvb Øviv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) wm× nq
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
55. i. mgZ‡ji mKj we›`y wbw`©ó Ki‡Z ci¯úi j¤^ 2wU K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
mij‡iLv cÖ‡qvRb| 60. i. (−2, −2) we›`ywUi Ae¯’vb 2q PZzf©v‡M
ii. 3x – 4y = 3 †iLvwU (1, 0) we›`yMvgx
ii. QK KvM‡R ms¯’vwcZ we›`y¸‡jv †hvM Ki‡jB †jLwU Aw¼Z nq
iii. †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ mij mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb Kiv hvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) iii. 2x + 3y = 13 mgxKi‡Yi Dci (2, 3) we›`ywU Aew¯’Z
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
56. i. (2, 1) I (1,2) we›`y `ywU GKB we›`y K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. †jLwP‡Î Aew¯’Z K‡qKwU we›`y ¯’vcb Ki‡jB m¤ú~Y©
†jLwPÎwU m¤^‡Ü aviYv Kiv hvq
iii. Aÿ‡iLvØ‡qi †Q`we›`y (0, 0)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 2x + 3y = 5
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 4x + 6y = 8 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU
57. i. 2wU mij mgxKi‡Yi Rb¨ †jL A¼b Ki‡j 2wU mij‡iLv a1
cvIqv hvq 50. mgxKiY †Rv‡U a2 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. (4, 0) we›`ywU 2x + 3y = 8 mij‡iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z
1 5 8
iii. (−2, 0) I (4, 0) we›`yØ‡qi `~iZ¡ 6 GKK 
2
L2 M
8
N
5
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) b1 c1
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii 51. mgxKiY‡Rv‡U b2 + c2 Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
1 1 9 5
58. i. 2x + 3y = 10 mgxKi‡Y x = 2 n‡j y = 2 K  M N1
2 8 8
ii. mvaviYZ mgÄmc~Y© mgxKiY mgvav‡b cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 I 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
eëüZ nq 2x + 3y = 4 I 6x − 4y = 12 GKwU mgxKiY‡RvU
iii. x + 3y = 9 mgxKi‡Y y = 2 n‡j x = 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 52.
a 1 b1
(
a2 − b2 Gi gvb KZ? ) (ga¨g)
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 4 4 5 13
59. i. x − y = 4 `yB PjKwewkó mij mgxKiY K L− M 
5 5 4 12
ii. 2x − 2y = 8 Ges 3x − 3y = 12 mgxKiY 2wU GKB 53. mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui cÖK…wZ Kx? (mnR)
mgxKi‡Yi mgZzj  mgÄm L AmgÄm M wbf©ikxj N mgZzj

œ 1  BdwZi GKwU AvqZvKvi dz‡ji evMvb Av‡Q| evMvbwUi
cÖk- (1) I (2) †K cybwe©b¨¯Í K‡i cvB,
cÖ‡¯’i wØ¸Y, ˆ`N©¨ A‡cÿv 10 wgUvi †ewk Ges Gi cwimxgv 100 − x + 2y − 10 = 0 ..................... (3)
2x + 2y − 100 = 0 ..................... (4)
wgUvi| evMvbwUi wfZ‡i 2 wgUvi PIov iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯ÍvwU BU
(3) I (4) bs mgxKi‡Y Avo¸Yb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
w`‡q euvav‡Z Zvi cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 120 UvKv LiP nq| x y 1
= =
K. evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’‡K `yBwU PjK a‡i mgxKiY †RvU − 200 + 20 − 20 − 100 − 2 − 4
MVb Ki| 2 x y 1
ev, − 180 = − 120 = − 6
L. mgxKiY †RvU‡K Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb K‡i
x 1
evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, − 180 = − 6
M. iv¯ÍvwU evav‡Z BdwZi †gvU KZ UvKv LiP nq? 4 − 180 y 1
∴ x= = 30 A_ev, − 120 = − 6
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  −6
− 120
K g‡b Kwi, evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi ∴ y= = 20
−6
evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ y wgUvi ∴ evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 30 wgUvi
kZ©vbymv‡i, 2y = x + 10
Ges evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ 20 wgUvi (Ans.)
Ges 2(x + y) = 100
L ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, 2y = x + 10 ......................... (1) M ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 30 wgUvi
Ges 2(x + y) = 100 ..................... (2) evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ 20 wgUvi
∴ iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = (30  20) eM©wgUvi  iv¯Ívev‡` evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = (26  16) eM©wgUvi
= 416 eM©wgUvi
= 600 eM©wgUvi
evMv‡bi wfZ‡i 2 wgUvi PIov iv¯Ív Av‡Q|  iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (600 − 416) eM©wgUvi
iv¯Ívev‡` evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ = (30 − 2  2) wgUvi = 184 eM©wgUvi
= 26 wgUvi  iv¯ÍvwU BU w`‡q evav‡Z LiP nq = (184  120) UvKv
iv¯Ívev‡` evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ = (20 − 2  2) wgUvi = 22080 UvKv (Ans.)
= 16 wgUvi|

œ 2  ABC wÎfz‡R B = 2x wWwMÖ, C = x wWwMÖ, A = y
cÖk- ev, 3x + 2x + x = 180 [ (i) n‡Z ]
wWwMÖ Ges A = B + C ev, 6x = 180
K. y †K x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2  x = 30
x Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q cvB,
L. x I y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
y = 3  30
M. wÎfz‡Ri †KvY wZbwUi AbycvZ †ei Ki| 4
ev, y = 90
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wb‡Y©q gvb : x = 30, y = 90
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC wÎfz‡R B = 2x, C = x, A = y M. GLb, ÔLÕ Ask †_‡K cvB, A = y = 90
Ges A = B + C I C = x = 30
ev, y = 2x + x  B = 2x = 2  30 = 60
 y = 3x  †KvY wZbwUi AbycvZ A : B : C = 90 : 60 : 30
L. ÔKÕ Ask †_‡K cvB, y = 3x ........(i) =3:2:1
Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, wb‡Y©q AbycvZ 3 : 2 : 1.
ABC wÎfz‡Ri A + B + C = 180
ev, y + 2x + x = 180

œ 3  †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je †_‡K 1 we‡qvM Ges n‡i 2 †hvM Ki‡j
cÖk- ev, 3x − y = 21 − 2
1 1  3x − y = 19 ............ (ii)
2
nq Ges je †_‡K 7 Ges ni †_‡K 2 we‡qvM Ki‡j 3 nq| wb‡Y©q mgxKiY‡RvU, 2x − y = 4
3x − y = 19 (Ans.)
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨ †_‡K exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY †RvU
MVb Ki| 2 L. †h‡nZz fMœvskwUi je I ni h_vµ‡g x I y
L. fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki| 4  fMœvskwU = y
x
M. `yB A¼ wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó
ÔKÕ Gi (ii) bs mgxKiY †_‡K (i) bs mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i
fMœvskwUi je I n‡ii AšÍid‡ji mgvb| msL¨vwUi
cvB,
`kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq A‡¼i wØ¸Y
3x − y − (2x − y) = 19 − 4
A‡cÿv 2 †ewk n‡j msL¨vwU KZ? 4
ev, 3x − y − 2x + y = 15
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   x = 15
K. awi, fMœvskwUi je = x Ges ni = y. x Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
x−1 1 2  15 − y = 4
cÖkœg‡Z, y + 2 = 2
ev, 30 − 4 = y
ev, 2x − 2 = y + 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i ] ev, 26 = y
ev, 2x − y = 2 + 2
 y = 26
 2x − y = 4 ................ (i)
15
x−7 1 wb‡Y©q fMœvskwU 26. (Ans.)
Ges y−2 3
=
ev, 3x − 21 = y − 2 [Avo¸Yb K‡i] M. g‡b Kwi, msL¨vwUi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ = x

Ges `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ = y wb‡Y©q msL¨vwU 51.
 msL¨vwU = 10y + x œ 5  AvU eQi c~‡e© wcZvi eqm cy‡Îi eq‡mi AvU¸Y wQj| `k
cÖk-
15 eQi c‡i wcZvi eqm cy‡Îi eq‡mi wØ¸Y n‡e|
ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, fMœvskwU = 26 K. wcZv I cy‡Îi eqm h_vµ‡g x I y eQi n‡j AvU
 je I n‡ii AšÍi = 26 − 15 = 11 eQi c~‡e© Zv‡ì eqm KZ wQj? 2
L. cÖ`Ë kZ© †_‡K `ywU exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY MVb
cÖkœg‡Z, x + y = 11 ................ (i) Ki| 4
Ges y = 2x + 2 ..................... (ii) M. eZ©gv‡b wcZv I cy‡Îi eqm KZ? 4
(ii) bs n‡Z y Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
x + 2x + 2 = 11
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm = x eQi
ev, 3x = 11 − 2
Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm = y eQi
ev, 3x = 9  x = 3  AvU eQi c~‡e©, wcZvi eqm wQj (x − 8) eQi
x Gi gvb (ii) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB, cy‡Îi eqm wQj (y − 8) eQi
y = 2x + 2 = 2.3 + 2 = 8 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, AvU eQi c~‡e© wcZv I cy‡Îi eqm wQj h_vµ‡g
 msL¨vwU = 10y + x (x − 8) eQi I (y − 8) eQi|
= 10  8 + 3 cÖkœg‡Z, (x − 8) = 8(y − 8)
= 80 + 3 = 83 ev, x − 8 = 8y − 64
 msL¨vwU 83. ev, x = 8y − 64 + 8
 x = 8y − 56 ............. (i)
œ 4  `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi mgwó 6. A¼Øq
cÖk-
¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j cÖvß msL¨vwU g~j msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A‡¼i Avevi, 10 eQi ci wcZvi eqm (x + 10) eQi
wZb¸Y nq| Ges cy‡Îi eqm (y + 10) eQi
Avevi, cÖkœg‡Z, x + 10 = 2(y + 10)
K. msL¨vwUi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x Ges `kK ¯’vbxq
A¼ y n‡j msL¨vwU KZ Ges A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq ev, x + 10 = 2y + 20
Ki‡j msL¨vwU KZ? 2 ev, x − 2y = 20 − 10
L. wØZxq kZ© †_‡K †`LvI †h, msL¨vwUi `kK ¯’vbxq  x − 2y = 10 .............. (ii)
A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq A‡¼i 5 ¸Y| 4 wb‡Y©q mgxKiYØq x = 8y − 56 Ges x − 2y = 10
M. msL¨vwU wbY©q Ki| 4 M. mgxKiY (ii)-G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (8y − 56) − 2y = 10
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼wU x Ges `kK ¯’vbxq A¼wU ev, 8y − 56 − 2y = 10
y ev, 6y − 56 = 10
 msL¨vwU= 10y + x ev, 6y = 66
A¼Øq ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡j cÖvß msL¨v = 10x + y  y = 11 [Dfqcÿ‡K 6 Øviv fvM K‡i]
L. 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, 10x + y = 3y mgxKiY (i) -G y Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
ev, 10x + y − 3y = 0 x = 8  11 − 56
ev, 10x − 2y = 0 = 88 − 56
ev, 2(5x − y) = 0 = 32
ev, 5x − y = 0  wcZvi eZ©gvb eqm 32 eQi Ges cy‡Îi eZ©gvb eqm 11
ev, 5x = y eQi|
 y = 5x ............. (i)
msL¨vwUi `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ GKK ¯’vbxq A‡¼i 5 ¸Y| œ 6  gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói Pvi¸Y|
cÖk-
5 eQi ci gvZvi eqm H `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói wØ¸Y n‡e|
M. 1g kZ©g‡Z, x + y = 6
L. gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm KZ? 4
ev, x + 5x = 6 [ÔLÕ n‡Z y = 5x]
ev, 6x = 6 M. 10 eQi ci gvZvi eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi
6 mgwói KZ ¸Y n‡e? 4
ev, x = 6
x=1
x Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB, K. g‡b Kwi, gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm = x eQi
y = 5x = 5  1 = 5 Ges eZ©gv‡b Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó = y eQi
y=5 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, x = 4y ...................................(i)
 msL¨vwU = 10y + x 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, x + 5 = 2(y + 5  2)...............(ii)
= 10  5 + 1
= 51 L. mgxKiY (ii)-G x = 4y ewm‡q cvB,
4y + 5 = 2y + 20
ev, 4y − 2y = 20 − 5 2x + 3y − 61 = 0 .............(iv)
ev, 2y = 15 x
=
y
=
1
15 (−5)(−61) − 3(−6) 2(−6) −3(−61) 3.3 − 2(−5)
ev, y = 2 x y 1
ev, 305 + 18 = −12 + 183 = 9 + 10
1
y=7 x y 1
2 ev, 323 = 171 = 19
y Gi gvb mgxKiY (i)-G ewm‡q cvB,
x y 1
15 ev, 17 = 9 = 1
x= 4
2
x y
ev, x = 30  = 1 A_ev, = 1
17 9
 x = 30 ev, x = 17 ev, y = 9
 gvZvi eZ©gvb eqm 30 eQi|  AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 17 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 9 wgUvi| (Ans.)
M. awi, 10 eQi ci gvZvi eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = (17  9) eM©wgUvi
R ¸Y n‡e| = 153 eM©wgUvi
 10 eQi ci gvZvi eqm n‡e (x + 10) eQi  iv¯Ívmn AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj
10 eQi ci `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwó n‡e (y + 10  2) eQi = (17 + 2  2) (9 + 2  2) eM© wg.
cÖkœg‡Z, x + 10 = R(y + 10  2) = 21  13 eM© wg.
15 = 273 eM© wg.
(
ev, 30 + 10 = R 2 + 20 )  iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (273 − 153) eM© wg.
15 + 40
ev, 40 = R ( 2 ) = 120 eM© wg.
55  cÖwZ eM©wgUvi gv‡e©j cv_i w`‡q euvavB‡Z 200 UvKv LiP n‡j,
ev, 40 = R  2 H iv¯Ívq †gvU LiP n‡e, (120  200) UvKv = 24000 UvKv| (Ans.)
8 œ 8  AvqZvKvi GKwU N‡ii †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ y
cÖk-
/ 2
40
ev, R = 55/ wgUvi| NiwUi †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K 6x − y
11 =104 Ges 3x + 2y = 92 mgxKiY Øviv cÖKvk Ki|
R=
16 K. mgxKiY `yBwU m½wZc~Y© wKbv wba©viY Ki| 2
11 L. N‡ii †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
5
=1
11 M. hw` AvqZvKvi N‡ii †g‡Si cwimxgv Aci GKwU
10 eQi ci gvZvi eqm Zvi `yB Kb¨vi eq‡mi mgwói eM©vKvi †g‡Si cwimxgvi mgvb nq Z‡e D³ eM©vKvi
5 †g‡Si Kv‡c©U Øviv †gvov‡Z n‡j cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡ii
1
11
¸Y n‡e| 2050 UvKv wn‡m‡e †gvU KZ LiP n‡e? 4
œ 7  GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 5 wgUvi Kg I cÖ¯’ 3 wgUvi †ewk
n‡j †ÿÎdj 9 eM©wgUvi Kg n‡e| Avevi ˆ`N©¨ 3 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 2 K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq, 6x− y = 104
wgUvi †ewk n‡j †ÿÎdj 67 eM©wgUvi †ewk nq| 3x + 2y = 92
K. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ x I cÖ¯’ y wgUvi a‡i mgxKiY GLv‡b, x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ = 3 = 2
6
MVb Ki| 2
−1
L. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4 y " " " 2
M. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi evB‡i Pviw`‡K 2 wgUvi PIov iv¯Ív 6 −1
Av‡Q| iv¯ÍvwU gv‡e©j cv_i w`‡q †gvRvBK Ki‡Z cÖwZ †h‡nZy, 3  2
eM©wgUvi 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e †gvU LiP KZ n‡e? 4  mgxKiY `ywU m½wZc~Y©|
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 6x −y = 104 .................... (i)
K. 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, (x − 5)(y + 3) = xy − 9 .........(i) Ges 3x + 2y = 92 ................... (ii)
2q kZ©vbymv‡i, (x + 3)(y + 2) = xy + 67 .......(ii) mgxKiY (i) †K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i (ii) Gi mv‡_ †hvM Kwi,
12x −2y = 208
L. mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB− 3x + 2y = 92
xy + 3x − 5y − 15 − xy + 9 = 0 15x = 300
ev, 3x − 5y − 6 = 0 ..........(iii) 300
ev, x = 15
mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB−
xy + 2x + 3y + 6 − xy − 67 = 0  x = 20
ev, 2x + 3y − 61 = 0 ............(iv)  NiwUi †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ 20 wgUvi|
mgxKiY (iii) I (iv)-G Avo¸Yb m~Î cÖ‡qvM Kwi| M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, x = 20 wgUvi
3x − 5y − 6 = 0 ...............(iii) x Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
3.20 + 2y = 92 (+) K‡i, 2 †bŠKvi †eM = 20 wK. wg./NÈv
ev, 60 + 2y = 92 20
ev, 2y = 92 −60 ev, †bŠKvi †eM = 2 wK.wg./NÈv
ev, 2y = 32  †bŠKvi †eM = 10 wK.wg./NÈv
 y = 16 wgUvi †bŠKvi †eM 10 wK.wg./NÈv (Ans.)
NiwUi †g‡Si cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) GKK L. GLb, †bŠKvi †eM + †mªv‡Zi †eM = 15 wK.wg/NÈv
= 2(20 + 16) wgUvi ev, †mªv‡Zi †eM = (15 − †bŠKvi †eM) wK.wg/NÈv
= 2  36 wgUvi = (15 −10) wK. wg. /NÈv
= 72 wgUvi
= 5 wK. wg./NÈv
cÖkœg‡Z, Aci eM©vKvi †g‡Si cwimxgv = 72 wgUvi  †mªv‡Zi †eM 5 wK.wg./NÈv
72 ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, †bŠKvi †eM = 10 wK. wg./NÈv
Aci eM©vKvi †g‡Si GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4
†Ìqv Av‡Q, b`xi cÖ¯’ 20 wK.wg.
= 18 wgUvi b`x cvwo w`‡q †diZ Avm‡Z †bŠKvwU †gvU
 eM©vKvi †g‡Si †ÿÎdj = (evû) eM©GKK
2
AwZµg K‡i = (20 + 20) wK. wg. = 40 wK. wg.
= (18)2 eM©wgUvi  †bŠKvwUi b`x cvwo w`‡q †diZ Avm‡Z
= 324 eM©wgUvi 40
Zvn‡j, mgq jvM‡e = 10 NÈv = 4 NÈv|
1 eM©wgUvi †g‡S Kv‡c©‡U †gvov‡Z LiP nq 2050 UvKv 4 NÈv (Ans.)
324 Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó (2050  324) UvKv M. ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, †bŠKvi †eM 10 wK.wg./NÈv
= 6642 UvKv (Ans.) †mªv‡Zi †eM 5 wK.wg./NÈv
œ 9  GKwU †bŠKv ùvo †e‡q †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j hvq 15
cÖk- 10
 †bŠKvi †eM †mªv‡Zi †e‡Mi 5 ¸Y ev 2 ¸Y
wK.wg./NÈv Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j hvq 5 wK. wg./NÈv|
K. †bŠKvi †eM wbY©q Ki| 2 †mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j 1 NÈvq hvq 10 wK.wg.
L. †mªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki| b`xi cÖ¯’ 20 wK. wg. n‡j w¯’i 1 7 7
 Ó (
Ó 32 ev 2 Ó Ó 10  2 wK. wg.)
cvwb‡Z b`x cvwo w`‡q †diZ Avm‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? 4
M. †bŠKvi †eM, †mªv‡Zi †e‡Mi KZ ¸Y? GB Z_¨ = 35 wK. wg.
eënvi K‡i GK e¨w³ ùvo †e‡q †bŠKvq 3 NÈvq
1 Avevi, †mª v‡Zi cÖ w ZK‚ ‡ j 5 wK.wg. hvq 1 NÈvq
2
1
†mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j GKwU ¯’v‡b †cuŠQvj, †mªv‡Zi  Ó Ó 1Ó Ó Ó 5 Ó
cÖwZK‚‡j wd‡i Avm‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? 4 1  35
 Ó Ó 35 Ó Ó Ó Ó
=7 NÈvq
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q,
†bŠKvi †eM + †mªv‡Zi †eM = 15 wK.wg./NÈv (Ans.) 2 ¸Y, 7 NÈv|
†bŠKvi †eM − †mªv‡Zi †eM = 5 wK.wg./NÈv

œ 10  †Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki je I n‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwUi mv‡_ 1 †hvM cÖk-
cÖk- œ 11  `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ x I
4
Ki‡j fMœvskwU 5 n‡e| Avevi je I n‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU †_‡K 5 we‡qvM `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ y| `kK ¯’vbxq A¼, GKK ¯’vbxq A¼ †_‡K
1 †ewk|
1 K. `kK ¯’vbxq A¼ I msL¨vwU ïaygvÎ x Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|2
Ki‡j fMœvskwU n‡e|
2 5
x L. A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j Zv c~‡e©i msL¨vi 6 ¸Y nq| msL¨vwU KZ?4
K. fMœvskwU y
a‡imgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß msL¨vwUi A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU mgvavb Ki I fMœvskwU wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖvß msL¨vwU g~j msL¨vi `kK ¯’vbxq A‡¼i 9 ¸Y nq| 4
M. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi †jLwPÎ A¼b K‡i (x, y) cÖvß gv‡bi
DËi : K. y = x + 1; msL¨vwU = 11x + 10; L. 54
mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4
x+1 4 x−5 1 œ 12  3x − 2y = 2
cÖk-
DËi : K. y + 1 = 5 Ges y − 5 = 2 ; 5x − 3y = 5
7
L. (x, y) = (7, 9) I fMœvskwU 9 K. mgxKiY‡RvUwU m½wZc~Y© wKbv? Gi KqwU mgvavb Av‡Q? 2
L. mgxKiY‡RvUwU Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb K‡i (x, y) wbY©q Ki| 4
M. `yB A¼wewkó GKwU msL¨vi A¼Ø‡qi AšÍi 4; msL¨vwUi bc(b − c) ca(c − a)
L. (x, y) =  ab(b − a) ab(b − a); M. (x, y) = (c, a)|
A¼Øq ¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zvi I g~j  
msL¨vi †hvMdj cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui g~‡ji ¸Ydj A‡cÿv 90 cÖ k-œ 15  †Kv‡bv GKwU AvqZvKvi N‡ii †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’
†ewk n‡j, msL¨vwU KZ? 4 A‡cÿv 2 wgUvi †ewk|
DËi : K. m½wZc~Y©, 1wU; L. (4, 5); M. 73 A_ev 37| K. cÖ¯’‡K x a‡i, AvqZKvi N‡ii cwimxgv‡K x Gi gva¨‡g
cÖKvk Ki| 2
œ 13  ax + by = c ⎯→ (i)
cÖk-
L. †g‡Si cwimxgv 20 wgUvi n‡j, N‡ii †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? 4
ax + by = ab ⎯→ (ii)
M. AvqZvKvi N‡ii †g‡Si Pviw`‡K 1 wgUvi PIov eviv›`v _vK‡j
a2x + b2y = c2 ⎯→ (iii)
eviv›`vwU gv‡e©j cv_i w`‡q †gvRvBK Ki‡Z cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 15000
bx + ay = ab ⎯→ (iv) [`vD` cvewjK ¯‹zj, h‡kvi]
UvKv wn‡m‡e †gvU KZ LiP n‡e? eviv›`vmn m¤ú~Y© †g‡S †gvRvBK
K. (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY m½wZc~Y© wKbv hvPvB Ki| 2 Ki‡Z KZ LiP n‡e? 4
L. (i) I (iii) bs mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb KZ? 4 DËi : (4x + 4) wgUv; L. 24 eM©wgUvi ; M. 300 UvKv, 7200 UvKv
M. (ii) I (iv) mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui mgvavb wbY©q Ki| 4 cÖk- œ 16  GK e¨w³ ‡mªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j ùvo †e‡q 2 NÈvq †Kv‡bv
1
c(b − c) c(c − a) 2
DËi : L.  a(b − a) b(b − a); M. ( aab+ b a ab+ b)| ¯’v‡b †cuŠQj Ges †mªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j
3
3 NÈvqwd‡i Gj|
  4
K. MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ a wK. wg. I ùv‡oi †eM NÈvq x wK. wg.
œ 14  ax + by = c, a2x + b2y = c2 ............(i)
cÖk-
Ges †mªv‡Zi †eM NÈvq y wK. wg. a‡i mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
ax − cy = 0, cx − ay = c2 − a2 .......(ii) L. mgxKiY‡RvU †_‡K ùv‡oi †eM I †mªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki| 4
K. (i) bs mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui cÖK…wZ/êwkó¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 M. ùv‡oi †eM †mªv‡Zi †e‡Mi KZ ¸Y? a = 15 n‡j ùv‡oi †eM I
L. (i) bs mgxKiY‡RvU‡K Acbqb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki| 4 †mªv‡Zi †eM wbY©q Ki| 4
M. (ii) bs mgxKiY‡RvU‡K Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki| 4 2a 4a a
DËi : x + y = , x − y = ; L. wK. wg.
a
5 15 3 15
DËi : m½wZc~Y© I Awbf©ikxj; M. 5 ¸Y, 5 wK. wg. 1 wK. wg.|

œ 17  GKwU mij mgxKiY †RvU, x + y = 8
cÖk- 40
ev, y = 8
5x − 3y = 0
y=5
K. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi cÖK…wZ wKiƒc Ges Gi mgvavb y Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
KqwU? 2 x=8−5=3
L. cÖwZ¯’vcb c×wZ‡Z mgxKiY †RvUwUi mgvavb x=3
Ki| 4  mgvavb (x, y) = (3, 5)
M. mgxKiYØq Øviv wb‡`©wkZ mij‡iLvØq x-A‡ÿi M. x + y = 8 ......................(i)
mv‡_ †h wÎfzR MVb K‡i Zvi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 5x − 3y = 0 ..................(ii)
 17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (i) bs †_‡K cvB,
y=8−x
1 GB mgxKi‡Y †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi|
K. x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 5
x 0 3 6
1
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ −3 y 8 5 2
1 1 (i) bs mgxKi‡Yi ¯’vbv¼¸‡jv, (0, 8), (3, 5), (6, 2)
Avgiv cvB, 5  −3 (ii) bs mgxKiY †_‡K cvB,
 mgxKiY†RvU mgÄm I Gi GKwUgvÎ mgvavb Av‡Q| 5x − 3y = 0
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU, x + y = 8 ...............(i) ev, −3y = −5x
5
5x − 3y = 0 ............(ii) ev, y = 3 x
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB 5
x+y=8 y= x
3
ev, x = 8 − y GB mgxKi‡Y †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi|
 x = 8 − y ..................(iii)
x 0 3 9
GLb mgxKiY (ii)-G x = 8 − y ewm‡q cvB, y 0 5 15
5(8 − y) − 3y = 0 (ii) bs mgxKi‡Yi ¯’vbv¼¸‡jv (0, 0), (3, 5), (9, 15)
ev, 40 − 5y − 3y = 0
ev, −8y = −40
x y
Y =
4  (−2) − (−3)  (−14) 4  (−14) − 3  (−2)
 1
(9,15) =
3  (−3) − 4  4
x y 1
ev, − 8 − 42 = −56 + 6 = − 9 − 16
x y 1
ev, − 50 = − 50 = − 25
(0,8)  A x y 1
 (3,5) ev, 50 = 50 = 25
x 1
O  (6,2) B  50 = 25 ev, x = 2

X (0,0) X
y 1
Avevi, 50 = 25 ev y = 2
Y
 mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 2)
QK KvM‡Ri XOX' eivei x-Aÿ, YOY' eivei y-Aÿ Ges
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq 3x + 4y = 14 .............(i)
¶z`ªZg cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK a‡i (i) bs mgxKiY †_‡K
3x − 3y = 2 ...............(ii)
cÖvß (0, 8), (3, 5), (6, 2) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i mgxKiY (i) †_‡K cvB,
†hvM Kwi I Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| GwU GKwU mij‡iLv| 3x + 4y = 14
Avevi, GKB Aÿ hyMj I GKK a‡i (ii) bs mgxKiY †_‡K ev, 4y = 14 − 3x
cÖvß (0, 0), (3, 5), (9, 15) we›`y¸‡jv QK KvM‡R ¯’vcb K‡i 14 − 3x
ev, y = 4
†hvM Kwi I Dfq w`‡K ewa©Z Kwi| GwU GKwU mij‡iLv hv
(i) bs mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| A Dfq GB mgxKi‡Y †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi|
mij‡iLvi mvaviY we›`y| A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ Dfq mgxKiY‡K x −2 2 6
wm× K‡i| A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ A(3, 5).
y 5 2 −1
Zvn‡j XOX' Gi mv‡_ PBO wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| P †_‡K OB  mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (−2, 5), (2, 2) (6, −1)|
Gi Dci PM j¤^ AuvwK| Zvn‡j OB = 8 GKK, PM = 5 GKK| Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
4x − 3y = 2
 PBO wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 12  OB  PM ev, −3y = 2 − 4x
1 ev, 3y = 4x − 2
=285 eM© GKK
4x − 2
= 20 eM© GKK (Ans.) ev, y = 3
3x + 4y = 14
GB mgxKi‡Y †j‡Li K‡qKwU we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Kwi|
œ 18  4x − 3y = 2
cÖk- } GKwU mgxKiY †RvU| x
y
2
2
5
6
8
10
K. mgxKiY‡RvUwUi mgvavb msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki Ges
 mgxKiYwUi †j‡Li Dci wZbwU we›`y (2, 2), (5, 6), (8, 10)|
m½wZc~Y© wK-bv D‡jøL Ki| 2
L. mgxKiY †RvUwU Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki| 4 Y

M. †jLwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiY‡Rv‡Ui mgvavb Ki (8,10)
Ges L bs cÖ‡kœ cÖvß gv‡bi mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ki| 4 

(5,6)
(−2,5)
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   A(2,2)
O 
X
3x + 4y = 14 X (6,−1)
K. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU : 4x − 3y = 2 } Y
3
x Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ
4 g‡b Kwi, XOX' I YOY' h_vµ‡g x Aÿ I y Aÿ Ges O,
4 g~jwe›`y| QK KvM‡Ri Dfq Aÿ eivei ¶z`ªZg e‡M©i cÖwZevûi
−3 ˆ`N©¨‡K GKK awi| GLb QK KvM‡R mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cÖvß
3 4
Avgiv cvB, 4  −3 (−2, 5), (2, 2), (6, −1) we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kwi I Zv‡ì ci¯úi
 mgxKiY‡RvUwUi GKwUgvÎ mgvavb Av‡Q Ges GwU m½wZc~Y©|
mshy³ Kwi| †jLwU GKwU mij‡iLv|
3x + 4y = 14
GKBfv‡e, mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cÖvß (2, 2), (5, 6), (8, 10)
L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq : 4x − 3y = 2 } we›`y¸‡jv ¯’vcb Kwi I Zv‡ì ci¯úi mshy³ Kwi| G‡ÿ‡ÎI
ev, 3x + 4y − 14 = 0 †jLwU GKwU mij‡iLv| g‡b Kwi, †iLvØq ci¯úi A we›`y‡Z
4x − 3y − 2 = 0 †Q` K‡i‡Q| wPÎ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, A we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ (2, 2)|
Avo¸Yb c×wZ‡Z cvB,  mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 2)
ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß (x, y) = (2, 2) = 18·7 wgUvi
 ÔLÕ G cÖvß gvb mwVK| 10% n«v‡m AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = (9 − 9 Gi 10%) wgUvi
10
œ 19  GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 5 wgUvi Kg I cÖ¯’ 3 wgUvi
cÖk-
†ewk n‡j, †ÿÎdj 9 eM©wgUvi Kg n‡e| Avevi ˆ`N©¨ 3 wgUvi †ewk
(
= 9 − 9  100 wgUvi )
= (9 − 0.9) wgUvi
I cÖ¯’ 2 wgUvi †ewk n‡j †ÿÎdj 67 eM©wgUvi †ewk n‡e| = 8.1 wgUvi
K. ˆ`N©¨‡K x I y a‡i mgxKiY †RvU ˆZwi Ki| 2  ˆ`N©¨ e„w× Ges cÖ¯’ n«v‡mi ci bZzb AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi
L. eRª¸Yb c×wZ‡Z ÔKÕ-G cÖvß mgxKiY‡RvU †ÿÎdj = (18·7  8·1) eM©wgUvi
mgvavb K‡i x I y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 = 151·47 eM©wgUvi
M. hw` AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10% e„w× cvq Ges cÖ¯’  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj n«vm cvq
10% n«vm cvq Z‡e AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj kZKiv = (153·00 − 151·47) eM©wgUvi
KZ n«vm ev e„w× cv‡e? 4 = 1·53 eM©wgUvi
1·53
 19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   †ÿÎdj kZKiv n«vm cvq = 153  100 = 1
K. awi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi  AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 1% n«vm cv‡e|
Ges AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ y wgUvi œ 20  GKwU †`vKvb †_‡K gvwjnv 6wU Kjg I 4wU †cwÝj
cÖk- µq
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = xy eM©wgUvi K‡i 26 UvKvq Ges AvwZK GKB †`vKvb †_‡K 5wU Kjg I 1wU
 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, (x − 5)(y + 3) = xy − 9 †cwÝj µq K‡i 17 UvKvq|
Ges 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, (x + 3)(y + 2) = xy + 67 K. x I y Pj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgxKiY‡RvU AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, L. KÕ †Z cÖvß mgxKiY‡RvU mgÄm wKbv hvPvB Ki| 4
(x − 5)(y + 3) = xy − 9 M. cÖwZwU Kjg I †cwÝ‡ji µqg~j¨ KZ n‡e? 4
ev, xy + 3x − 5y − 15 = xy − 9  20bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, xy + 3x − 5y − 15 − xy + 9 = 0
ev, 3x − 5y − 6 = 0 ...........(i) K. awi, 1wU Kj‡gi `vg x UvKv
Ges (x + 3)(y + 2) = xy + 67 Ges 1wU †cwÝ‡ji `vg y UvKv
ev, xy + 2x + 3y + 6 = xy + 67  MwVZ mgxKiY‡RvU :
ev, xy + 2x + 3y + 6 − xy − 67 = 0 6x + 4y = 26 ............(i)
ev, 2x + 3y − 61 = 0 ...........(ii) }
5x + y = 17..............(ii)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †K eRª¸Yb K‡i cvB, L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß mgxKiY‡Rv‡U
6
x
=
y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 5
x
−5  (−61)− 3  (− 6) (− 6)  2 − (−61)  3
1 4
= Ges y Gi mnMØ‡qi AbycvZ 1
3  3 − 2  (− 5)
x y 1 6 4
ev, 305 + 18 = − 12 + 183 = 9 + 10 Avgiv cvB, 5  1
x y
ev, 323 = 171 = 19
1  mgxKiY‡RvU mgÄm Ges Awbf©ikxj|
M. mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
x 1 y 1
GLv‡b, 323 = 19 Avevi, 171 = 19 5x + y = 17 ev, y = 17 − 5x ...........(iii)
323 171 GLb ÔKÕ Gi (i) bs mgxKi‡Y y = 17 − 5x ewm‡q cvB,
ev, x = 19 ev, y = 19 ev, 6x + 4(17 − 5x) = 26
 x = 17 y=9 ev, 6x + 68 − 20x = 26
wb‡Y©q gvb : x = 17 Ges y = 9. ev, − 14x = 26 − 68
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß, x = 17 Ges y = 9 ev, − 14x = − 42
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 17 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 9 wgUvi −42
ev, x = −14  x = 3
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (17  9) eM©wgUvi
= 153 eM©wgUvi x Gi gvb mgxKiY (iii)-G ewm‡q cvB,
10% e„w×‡Z AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ y = 17 − 5x = 17 − 5.3 = 17 − 15
= (17 + 17 Gi 10% wgUvi y=2
10 cÖwZwU Kj‡gi g~j¨ 3 UvKv Ges cÖwZwU †cwÝ‡ji g~j¨ 2 UvKv n‡e|
( )
= 17 + 17  100 wgUvi
= (17 + 1·7) wgUvi
p
Î‡qv`k Aa¨vq
mmxg aviv Brahmagupta
fviZxq MwYZwe` eªþ¸ß (598 Ñ 665) cÖ_g k~b¨‡K msL¨v
Finite Series wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡ib| wZwb n msL¨K ¯ ^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i
I N‡bi †hvMdj wbY©‡qi m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
 Abyµg myZivs, avivwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv| DwjøwLZ avivi mvaviY AšÍi
KZK¸‡jv ivwk‡K GKUv we‡kl wbq‡g µgvš^‡q Ggbfv‡e 2.
mvRv‡bv nq †h, cÖ‡Z¨K ivwk Zvi c~‡e©i c` I c‡ii c‡ì  mgvšÍi avivi mvaviY c` wbY©q
g‡b Kwi, †h‡Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` = a I mvaviY
mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z Zv Rvbv hvq| Gfv‡e mvRv‡bv
AšÍi = d n‡j avivwUi n Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d
ivwk¸‡jvi †mU‡K Abyµg (Sequence) ejv nq| GB n Zg c`‡KB mgvšÍi avivi mvaviY c` ejv nq| †Kv‡bv
Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g ivwk‡K cÖ_g c`, wØZxq ivwk‡K wØZxq c`, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AšÍi d Rvbv _vK‡j n Zg
Z…Zxq ivwk‡K Z…Zxq c` BZ¨vw` ejv nq| 1, 3, 5, 7,  c‡` n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ..... ewm‡q ch©vqµ‡g avivwUi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c`
Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g c` = 1, wØZxq c` = 3, BZ¨vw`| wbY©q Kiv hvq|
 aviv  mgvšÍi avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó
†Kv‡bv Abyµ‡gi c`¸‡jv cici Ô+Õ wPý Øviv hy³ Ki‡j GKwU g‡b Kwi, †h‡Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a, †kl c` p, mvaviY
aviv (Series) cvIqv hvq| †hgb, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + .... GKwU AšÍi d, c`msL¨v n Ges avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó Sn.
n
aviv| avivwUi cici `yBwU c‡ì cv_©K¨ mgvb| Avevi 2 + 4 +  Sn = (a + p)
2
8 + 16 + ........ GKwU aviv| Gi cici `yBwU c‡ì AbycvZ n-Zg c` =p = a + (n − 1)d.
mgvb| myZivs, †h‡Kv‡bv avivi cici `yBwU c‡ì g‡a¨ n
Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d}
m¤ú‡K©i Ici wbf©i K‡i avivwUi êwkó¨| aviv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 2
¸iæZ¡c~Y© `yBwU aviv n‡jv mgvšÍi aviv I ¸‡YvËi aviv|  cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó wbY©q
g‡b Kwi, n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó Sn
 mgvšÍi aviv
A_©vr, Sn = 1 + 2 + 3 + ............ + (n − 1) + n
†Kv‡bv avivi †h‡Kv‡bv c` I Zvi c~e©eZx© c‡ì cv_©K¨ me n(n + 1)
mgq mgvb n‡j, †mB avivwU‡K mgvšÍi aviv e‡j| ev, Sn = 2
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 GKwU aviv|
GLv‡b, wØZxq c` Ñ cÖ_g c` = 3 − 1 = 2, Z…Zxq c` Ñ
wØZxq c` = 5 − 3 = 2

cÖkœ \ 1 \ 2 − 5 − 12 − 19 − .......... avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi Ges wb‡Y©q avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi − 7 Gi 12 Zg c` −75.
12Zg c` wbY©q Ki| cÖkœ \ 2 \ 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + ........ avivwUi †Kvb c` 392 ?
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU, 2 − 5 − 12 − 19 −..... mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU, 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 +........
GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv, hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 2 GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv, hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 8
 mvaviY AšÍi, d = − 5 − 2 = − 7 mvaviY AšÍi, d = 11 − 8 = 3
 12 Zg c` = a + (12 − 1) d = 2 + 11  ( −7) g‡b Kwi, n Zg c` = 392
= 2 − 77 = − 75 n Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d
 a + (n −1) d = 392 − (m − n)
ev, 8 + (n − 1) × 3 = 392 ev, d = (m − n)
ev, (n − 1) × 3 = 392 − 8 d=−1
ev, n − 1 = 3
384  avivwUi (m + n)Zg c` = a + (m + n −1) d
= a + {(m − 1) + n} d
ev, n = 128 + 1 = a + (m − 1)d + nd
 n = 129 = n + n(− 1) [ a + (m – 1) d = n
 avivwUi 129Zg c` 392. Ges d = – 1]
cÖkœ \ 3 \ 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ........... avivwUi †Kvb c` 301 ? =n−n=0
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU, 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ........... wb‡Y©q (m + n) Zg c` 0.
GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv, hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 4 cÖkœ \ 6 \ 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... avivwUi n c‡ì mgwó KZ?
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 7 − 4 = 3 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë aviv, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ...
g‡b Kwi, nZg c` = 301
GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv, hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 1
n Zg c` = a + (n −1)d
 a + (n − 1)d = 301
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 3 – 1= 2
ev, 4 + (n −1)  3 = 301 Ges c` msL¨v = n
ev, (n −1)  3 = 301 − 4 n
 cÖ`Ë avivi mgwó, Sn = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d}
297
ev, n −1 = 3 n
= {2  1 + (n – 1).2}[gvb ewm‡q]
2
ev, n = 99 + 1
n
 n = 100 = (2 + 2n – 2)
2
 avivwUi 100Zg c` 301.
n
cÖkœ \ 4 \ †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi p Zg c` p2 Ges qZg c` q2 =  2n
2
n‡j, avivwUi (p + q) Zg c` KZ? = n2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a wb‡Y©q avivwUi n c‡ì †hvMdj n2.
Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d cÖkœ \ 7 \ 8 + 16 + 24 + ............. avivwUi cÖ_g 9wU c‡ì mgwó KZ?
 p Zg c` = a + (p – 1)d mgvavb : cÖ`Ë aviv, 8 + 16 + 24 + .............
q Zg c` = a + (q – 1)d GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv hvi cÖ_g c` a = 8
Ges (p + q) Zg c` = a + (p + q – 1)d Ges mvaviY AšÍi d = 16 − 8 = 8
cÖkœg‡Z, a + (p – 1)d = p2 ................. (i) 9
a + (q – 1)d = q2 ..................(ii)  avivwUi 9wU c‡ì mgwó, S9 = {2a + (9 − 1) d}
2
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM Kwi, 9
= (2a + 8d)
(p – 1)d – (q – 1)d = p2 – q2 2
ev, d(p – 1 – q + 1) = (p + q) (p – q) 9
= (2  8 + 8  8)
ev, d(p – q) = (p + q) (p – q) 2
9
(p + q) (p – q) = (16 + 64)
ev, d = (p – q) 2
9
 d=p+q =  80
2
 (p + q) Zg c` = a + (p + q – 1) d = 9  40
= a + (p– 1) d + qd = 360
= p2 + q (p + q)  avivwUi cÖ_g 9wU c‡ì mgwó 360.
[ a + (p – 1) d = p2, d = p + q ] cÖkœ \ 8 \ 5 + 11 + 17 + 23 + ............... + 59 = KZ?
2
= p2 + pq + q mgvavb : cÖ`Ë aviv, 5 + 11+ 17 + 23 + ...... + 59
wb‡Y©q (p + q) Zg c` p2 + pq + q2 GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv, hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 5
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi m Zg c` n I n Zg c` m n‡j, mvaviY AšÍi, d = 11– 5 = 17 – 11 = 6
(m + n) Zg c` KZ? †kl c`, p = 59
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` = a awi, avivwUi c`msL¨v = n
Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d  n Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
 avivwUi mZg c` = a + (m − 1) d wKšÍy n Zg c` = †kl c` = 59
" n Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d A_©vr, 5 + (n – 1) 6 = 59
kZ©vbymv‡i, a + (m −1) d = n ..................... (i) ev, 5 + 6n – 6 = 59
Ges a + (n −1) d = m .................... (ii) ev, 6n – 1 = 59
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, ev, 6n = 59 + 1
(m − 1 − n + 1) d = n − m 60
ev, (m − n) d = − (m − n) ev, n = 6 = 10
n
 mgwó, S = 2 {2a + (n – 1)d}
10 31
=
2
{2  5 + (10 – 1).6} [Gi gvb ewm‡q] =
2
 2  (−20) [ a + 15d = −20]
= 5 (10 + 9  6) = 31  (−20) = − 620
= 5 (10 + 54) wb‡Y©q mgwó − 620.
= 5  64
= 320
cÖkœ \ 12 \ 9 + 7 + 5 + ... ... avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj
wb‡Y©q mgwó 320. – 144 n‡j, n Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 9\ 29 + 25 + 21 + ... ... ... – 23 = KZ? mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU n‡jv, 9 + 7 + 5 + .............
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë aviv, 29 + 25 + 21 + ... ... ... – 23 n
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n c‡ì mgwó, S = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d}
GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv, hvi 1g c`, a = 29
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 25 – 29 = – 4 GLv‡b, cÖ_g c`, a = 9
†kl c`, p = – 23 mvaviY AšÍi d = 7 – 9 = − 2
n
awi, avivwUi c` msL¨v = n  S = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d} = – 144
 n Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d n
wKšÍz n Zg c` = †kl c` = − 23 ev, 2 {(2  9) + (n − 1) (−2)} = – 144
A_©vr, a + (n – 1)d = – 23 n
ev, 2 (18 – 2n + 2) = – 144
ev, 29 + (n – 1) (– 4) = – 23
ev, 29 – 4n + 4 = – 23 n
ev, 2 (20 − 2n) = −144
ev, 4n = 33 + 23
n
56
ev, n = 4 ev, 2  2(10 – n) = – 144
 n = 14 ev, n (10 – n) = – 144
n ev, 10n – n2 + 144 = 0
 mgwó, S = 2 {2a + (n – 1)d} ev, n2 – 10n – 144= 0
=
14
{2  29 + (14 – 1) (– 4)} [gvb ewm‡q] ev, n2 – 18n + 8n – 144 = 0
2 ev, n(n – 18) + 8(n – 18) = 0
= 7{58 + 13 ( – 4)}
= 7 (58 – 52) = 7  6 = 42
ev, (n − 18) (n + 8) = 0
wb‡Y©q mgwó 42. nq n – 18 = 0 A_ev, n + 8 = 0
cÖkœ \ 10 \ †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi 12 Zg c` 77 n‡j, Gi cÖ_g  n =18  n=–8
wKšÍz n = – 8 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
23wU c‡ì mgwó KZ?
†Kbbv c` msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
mgvavb : awi, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a  n =18
Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d wb‡Y©q c`msL¨v, n = 18.
 12 Zg c` = a + (12 – 1) d
= a + 11d cÖkœ \ 13 \ 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ..... avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì
cÖkœg‡Z, a + 11d = 77 ... ... ... ... ... (i) mgwó 2550 n‡j, n Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g 23 c‡ì mgwó = S mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ......
23 GwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 2
 S = 2 {2a + (23 – 1) d} [ n = 23] Ges mvaviY AšÍi, d = 4 − 2 = 2
23 23 kZ©vbymv‡i, n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = 2550
= (2a + 22d) =  2 (a + 11d)
2 2 Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó,
= 23 (a + 11d) = 23  77 = 1771 n
Sn = {2a + (n – 1)d}
wb‡Y©q mgwó 1771. 2
n
cÖkœ \ 11 \ GKwU mgvšÍi avivi 16 Zg c` − 20 n‡j, Gi cÖ_g  {2a + (n – 1)d} = 2550
2
31wU c‡ì mgwó KZ? n
ev, 2 {2  2 + (n – 1)2} = 2550
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a
Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d n
ev, 2 {4 + (n – 1)2} = 2550
 avivwUi 16 Zg c`, a + (16 −1)d = − 20 n
ev, a + 15d = − 20 ev, 2 {2n + 2} = 2550
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g n-msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, n
ev, 2  2(n + 1) = 2550
n
Sn = {2a + (n −1)d} ev, n(n + 1) = 2550
2
Zvn‡j, avivwUi cÖ_g 31wU c‡ì mgwó ev, n2 + n − 2550 = 0
31 ev, n2 + 51n − 50n − 2550 = 0
S31 = {2a + (31 −1)d}
2 ev, n(n + 51) − 50 (n + 51) = 0
31 31
= (2a + 30d) =  2(a + 15d) ev, (n + 51)(n −50) = 0
2 2
nq n + 51 = 0 A_ev, n − 50 = 0 20
Avevi, 20 c‡ì mgwó S20 = 2 {2a + (20 − 1) d}
 n = − 51  n = 50
wKš‘ c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| ev, 560 = 10(2a + 19d)
 n = 50 560
ev, 2a + 19d = 10
wb‡Y©q n Gi gvb 50.
 2a + 19d = 56 ......... (ii)
cÖkœ \ 14 \ †Kv‡bv avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó n(n + 1) n‡j,
mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z (i) bs we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
avivwU wbY©q Ki|
2a + 19d − 2a − 11d = 56 − 24
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, Sn =
n (n + 1)
ev, 8d = 32
n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ... ... ... ... BZ¨vw` ewm‡q cvB, 32
ev, d = 8
S1 = cÖ_g c‡ì mgwó = 1 (1 + 1) = 1  2 = 2
d=4
S2 = cÖ_g `yBwU c‡ì mgwó = 2(2 + 1)
d Gi gvb mgxKiY (ii) G ewm‡q cvB,
=23=6
S3 = cÖ_g wZbwU c‡ì mgwó 2a + 19  4 = 56
= 3(3 + 1) = 3  4 = 12 ev, 2a + 76 = 56
 cÖ_g c` = 2 ev, 2a = 56 − 76
wØZxq c` = S2 – S1 = 6 – 2 = 4 − 20
ev, a = 2
Ges Z…Zxq c` = S3 – S2 = 12 – 6 = 6
wb‡Y©q avivwU, 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ... ... ...  a = − 10
6
cÖkœ \ 15 \ †Kv‡bv avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó n(n + 1)  cÖ_g 6 c‡ì mgwó S6 = {2a + (6 − 1) d}
2
n‡j, avivwUi 10 wU c‡ì mgwó KZ? 6
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = n(n +1). = {2  (− 10) + (6 −1) × 4}
2
n = 1, 2, 3 ....... BZ¨vw` ewm‡q cvB, = 3(− 20 + 20)
cÖ_g c‡ì mgwó = 1(1 + 1) = 1  2 = 2 =30=0
`yBwU c‡ì mgwó = 2(2 + 1) = 3  2 = 6 wb‡Y©q mgwó 0.
wZbwU c‡ì mgwó = 3(3 + 1) = 3  4 = 12 cÖkœ \ 17 \ †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g m c‡ì mgwó n Ges n
 cÖ_g c` = 2 c‡ì mgwó m n‡j, Gi cÖ_g (m + n) c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki|
wØZxq c` = 6 − 2 = 4 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` = a
Ges Z…Zxq c` = 12 − 6 = 6 Ges mgvšÍi AšÍi = d
 avivwU = 2 + 4 + 6 +............. m
 avivwUi cÖ_g m c‡ì mgwó = {2a + (m − 1) d}
GLv‡b, cÖ_g c`, a = 2 2
n
mvaviY AšÍi d = 4 − 2 = 2 Ges avivwUi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó = 2 {2a + (n − 1) d}
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, m
n kZ©vbymv‡i, 2 {2a + (m − 1)d} = n ................ (i)
Sn = {2a + (n −1)d}
2 n
10
Ges 2 {2a + (n − 1)d} = m ................ (ii)
Zvn‡j, 10 wU c‡ì mgwó S10 = 2 {2a + (10 − 1) d}
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z cvB,
10 2n
= {2  2 + (10 −1) 2} 2a + (m −1) d = ..................(iii)
2 m
= 5(4 + 18) mgxKiY (ii) n‡Z cvB,
= 5  22 = 110 2m
wb‡Y©q mgwó 110. 2a + (n −1) d = ..................(iv)
n
cÖkœ \ 16 \ GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g 12 c‡ì mgwó 144 Ges mgxKiY (iii) n‡Z (iv) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
2n 2m
cÖ_g 20 c‡ì mgwó 560 n‡j, Gi cÖ_g 6 c‡ì mgwó wbY©q (m − n)d = −
m n
Ki| 2n2 − 2m2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d ev, (m − n)d = mn
 avivwUi 12 Zg c` = a + (12 − 1)d 2n2 − 2m2
ev, d = mn(m −n)
= a + 11d
12 2(n2 − m2)
 avivwUi 12 c‡ì mgwó S12 = {2a + (12 − 1) d} =
2 mn(m − n)
ev, 144 = 6(2a + 11d) 2(n + m)(n − m)
=
144 mn(m − n)
ev, 2a + 11d = 6 − 2(m + n) (m − n)
=
 2a + 11d = 24 .............(i) mn(m − n)
− 2(m + n) mvaviY AšÍi, d = 3 – 1 = 2
=
mn awi, Sl avivi c` msL¨v = n
GLb, avivwUi cÖ_g (m + n) c‡ì mgwó wKšÍz n Zg c` = †kl c` = 125
m+n
= 2 {2a + (m + n −1)d}  a + (n – 1)d = 125
m+n ev, 1 + (n – 1)2 = 125
= {2a + (m − 1)d + nd} ev, 1 + 2n – 2 = 125
2
m + n 2n m+n  ev, 2n – 1 = 125
=
2  m
− 2n( )mn 
[iii bs I d Gi gvb ewm‡q]
ev, 2n = 125 + 1
m + n 2n 2(m + n)  126
=
2  m
− ( ) m 

n=
2
= 63
m + n 2n − 2m − 2 n n
 Sl = {2a + (n – 1) d}
2  
= 2
m
m + n − 2m 63
{2  1 + (63 – 1).2} [n, a I d Gi gvb ewm‡q]
=  =
2
2 m
= − (m + n) 63
= (2 + 62  2)
wb‡Y©q mgwó − (m + n). 2
63
=  2 (1 + 62)
cÖkœ \ 18 \ †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivq p Zg, q Zg I r Zg c` 2
h_vµ‡g a, b, c n‡j, †`LvI †h, a(q − r) + b(r − p) + c(p − q) = 0. = 63  63 = 3969
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mgvšÍi avivwUi cÖ_g c` = x Avevi, Wvbc‡¶i avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 169
Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d mvaviY AšÍi, d = 171 – 169 = 2
 avivwUi p Zg c` = x + (p − 1)d awi, S2 avivi c` msL¨v = m
" q Zg c` = x + (q −1)d wKšÍz m Zg c` = †kl c` = 209
" r Zg c` = r + (q −1)d  a + (m – 1) d = 209
kZ©vbymv‡i, x + (p −1) d = a .............. (i) ev, 169 + (m – 1) 2 = 209
x + (q −1) d = b .............. (ii) ev, 169 + 2m – 2 = 209
x + (r −1) d = c .............. (iii) ev, 2m + 167 = 209
mgxKiY (i) n‡Z (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, ev, 2m = 209 – 167
(p − 1 − q + 1) d = a − b 42
 m = 2 = 21
ev, (p − q) d = a − b
a−b m
 S2 = 2 {2a + (m – 1) d}
d=
p−q
21
d Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB, = {2  169 + (21 – 1).2} [m, a I d Gi gvb ewm‡q]
2
a − b
x + (p − 1)  21 21
p − q = a =
2
(338 + 40) =
2
 378
(p −1) (a − b) = 21  189 = 3969
ev, x = a − p−q
 Sl = S 2
a(p − q) − (p − 1) (a − b)
x= A_©vr, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... + 125 = 169 + 171 + 173 +
p−q
... ... ... + 209 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
mgxKiY (iii)G x I d Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
a(p − q) − (p −1)(a − b) a − b
cÖkœ \ 20 \ GK e¨w³ 2500 UvKvi GKwU FY wKQy msL¨K wKw¯Í‡Z
+ (r −1)  cwi‡kva Ki‡Z ivRx nb| cÖ‡Z¨K wKw¯Í c~‡e©i wKw¯Í †_‡K 2 UvKv
p−q p − q = c
ap − aq − ap + bp + a − b + ar − br − a + b †ewk| hw` cÖ_g wKw¯Í 1 UvKv nq, Z‡e KZ¸‡jv wKw¯Í‡Z H e¨w³
ev, p−q
=c Zvi FY †kva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb?
ev, − aq + ar − br + bp = c(p − q) mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, wKw¯Íi msL¨v = n
ev, − a(q − r) − b(r − p) − c(p − q) = 0 cici `yB wKw¯Íi cv_©K¨, d = 2; cÖ_g wKw¯Í, a = 1;
ev, a(q − r) + b(r − p) + c(p − q) = 0 †gvU F‡Yi cwigvY, Sn = 2500
 a(q − r) + b(r − p) + c (p − q) = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) n
mgvšÍi avivi m~Îg‡Z, Sn = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d}
cÖkœ \ 19 \ †`LvI †h, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... + 125 = 169 +
n
171 + 173 + ... ... ... + 209 ev, 2500 = 2 {2 1 + (n – 1) 2}
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, S1 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... + 125 n
Ges S2 = 169 + 171 + 173 + ... ... + 209 ev, 2500 = 2 {2 + 2n – 2}
†`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, Sl = S2 n
ev, 2500 = 2  2n
GLv‡b, evgc‡¶i avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 1
ev, 2500 = n2 wKš‘ wKw¯Íi msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
ev, n2 = 2500  n = 50
ev, n = 2500 wb‡Y©q wKw¯Íi msL¨v 50wU|
 n =  50

1. mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` †KvbwU? K 15 L 17 M 19  21
K anπn−1  a + (n − 1) d
11. 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + .......... avivwUi cÖ_g mvZwU c‡ì mgwó
KZ?
n a(1 − rn)
M Sn = {2a + (n − 1) d} N Sn =  381 L 281 M 138 N 127
2 1−r wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
2. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ..... + 100 = KZ? 4 + 6 + 8 + ............GKwU aviv|
K 4750 L 4950  5050 N 5150 12. avivwUi 12-Zg c`−
3. 6 + 9 + 12 + ....... avivwUi KZZg c` 93? K 22 L 24  26 N 28
 30 L 29 M 28 N 27 13. avivwUi cÖ_g 10wU c‡ì mgwó−
1 2 3  130 L 150 M 260 N 300
4. , , ....... AbyµgwUi mvaviY c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
2 3 4 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 14 Ñ 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 n−1 1 n 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + ............avivwU jÿ Ki|
K L M n 
n n+1 2 n+1 14. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi KZ?
5. 3 + 5 + 7 ........ avivwUi 10g c` KZ? K −3 3 M5 N7
K 29 L 27 M 25  21 15. avivwUi `kg c` KZ?
6. 4 + 8 + + 12 + 16 ...... avivwUi †Kvb c` 480?  29 L 31 M 35 N 37
K 110 L 115  120 N 130 16. avivwUi cÖ_g AvUwU c‡ì mgwó KZ?
7. 8 + 14 + 20 + 26 + ......... avivwUi cÖ_g 8wU c‡ì mgwó K 200 L 124  100 N 92
KZ? wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 17 I 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 200  232 M 280 N 464 †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi 1g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 3.
8. GKwU mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` 5n + 3 n‡j Gi mvaviY 17. avivwUi n Zg c` KZ?
AšÍi KZ? n(3n + 1) n(3n − 1)
13 K 3n + 1 L  3n − 1 N
K −2 L 5 N8 2 2
8
18. avivwUi cÖ_g 8 c‡ì †hvMdj KZ?
9. ¯^vfvweK †Rvo msL¨vi n Zg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K 23 L 25  100 N 124
 2n L 2n + 1 M 2n − 1 N 2n + 4
10. 5 + 9 + 13 ....... Gi 5g c` †KvbwU? [w`. †ev. b. cÖ. Õ15]

K 1, 2, 3, 4, ........... L 1, 3, 5, 7, ...........
Abyµg  2, 4, 6, 8, ............ N 2, 4, 8, 16, .........
1 +
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 23.  n  n=1 AbyµgwUi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Abyµg? (mnR) 1 1 1

K 1, 2, 3, 4, ...........  1, , , ............
2 3 4
K 1, 3, 5, 7, ......, 13  1, 3, 5, 7, ..........
M 1, 3, 6, 8, ...... N 1, 3, 6, 8, ......, 14
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
M , , , ......... N 1, , , , .............
2 4 8 16 3 5 7
20. 2, 4, 6, .......AbyµgwUi mvaviY c` †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
1
1 24.   AbyµgwUi Z…Zxq
n
I wØZxq c‡ì AšÍi KZ? (ga¨g)
K n Ln  2n N 3n
2
1 1 1 1
e¨vL¨v : mvaviY c` 2n n‡j, 1g c` = 2  1 = 2 K L− M −
2 2 3 6
2q c` = 2  2 = 4; 3q c` = 2  3 = 6
1 1 1 1 2−3 1
ZLb 2, 4, 6 ......Abyµg cvIqv hv‡e| e¨vL¨v : wØZxq c` = 2, Z…Zxq c` = 3  AšÍi = 3 − 2 = 6 = −6
21. 1, 4, 9, .......Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` †KvbwU? (mnR) n
Kn  n2 Mn+1 N n2 + 1 25. n+1
mvaviY c` wewkó Abyµg †KvbwU? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : mvaviY c` n2 n‡j, 1g c` = 12 = 1; 3 3 5 2 3 4 20
2q c` = 22 = 4; 3q c` = 32 = 9 K 1, , , , ......... L 1, , , , ..........,
2 4 4 3 4 5 21
Zvn‡j AbyµgwU 1, 4, 9, ...... n‡e 3 4 5 21 1 2 3 4
+ M 1, , , ,.............,  , , , , ............
22.  2n  Gi Abyµg wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 2 3 4 20 2 3 4 5
n=1
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii.avivwU 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ...............
26. {2, 4, 6, 8, ............} Abyµg − K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. Gi mvaviY AšÍi 2
ii. Gi mvaviY c` 2n
iii. {1, 2, 3, .........} AbyµgwUi Dc‡mU  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 35 − 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 +..........
GKwU aviv|
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 35. avivwUi mvaviY c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
27. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :  2n L 2n − 1
1
M n N
1
+ 2 2n−1
i. mvaviY c`wUi AbyµgwU  
2n 2n
n=1
e¨vL¨v : 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ....... = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ..... = 2 + 4 +......
1 2 3 4
ii. 2n mvaviY c` n‡j AbyµgwU n‡e 2, 4, 6, 8

36. mßg I Aóg c‡ì AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
2 L4 M6 N 12
iii. Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g ivwk‡K cÖ_g c` e‡j e¨vL¨v : avivwUi cÖwZwU c`Ø‡qi AbycvZ mgvb|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 4 8 16 28
= = = 2.  7 = 2
2 4 8 2
37. avivwUi lô c‡ì gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
n−1
28.  n + 1  GKwU Abyµg n‡j− K 60  64 M 128 N 256
e¨vL¨v : avivwUi mvaviY c` = 2n avivwUi 6ô c` = 26 = 64
n−1
i. mvaviY c` n + 1
mgvšÍi aviv
9
ii. `kg c`
1 1 3 2
iii. {
0    ........
3 2 5 3 } †mUwUB cÖ`Ë Abyµg 38. wb‡Pi †Kvb avivwU mgvšÍi †kªwYfz³ bq?
K 1, 3, 5, 7,...... L 4, 1, – 2, – 5, ...
(mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) M 1, 4, 7, 10, ..  2, 4, 8, 16, ......
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 39. mgvšÍi cÖMgb †KvbwU? (mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K 2, 4, 8, 16, ........... L 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, .....
 2, 5, 8, 11, ...... N 18, 12, 6, −6, 0, ......
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 − 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 40. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvšÍi aviv? (mnR)
1 K a + d + 2d + .......
GKwU Abyµg Gi mvaviY c`|
2n − 1 L a + (a − d) + (a + 2d) + .......
29. AbyµgwUi cÖ_g c` KZ? (ga¨g)  a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ......
1 1 1 N (a + d) + (2a + d) + (2a + 2d) + .......
1 L M N
2 4 8 41. (a + d) + (2a + 2d) + (3a + 3d) + ....... avivwUi mvaviY
30. AbyµgwUi cÖ_g `yB c‡ì †hvMdj KZ? (ga¨g)
1 3 3
AšÍi KZ? (mnR)
K
2
L
4

2
N1 Ka Ld  a+d N a−d
31. wb‡Pi †Kvb AbyµgwUi mvaviY c` cÖ`Ë Abyµg Abymv‡i? (KwVb) e¨vL¨v : 2q c` − 1g c` = (2a + 2d) − (a + d) = a + d
K 1, 2, 3, ........ L 1, 3, 5, ......... 3q c` − 2q c` = (3a + 3d) − (2a + 2d) = a + d
1 1 1 1 1 1  mvaviY AšÍi = a + d
 1, , , ......... N , , ... ...
2 4 8 2 4 8 42. 100 + 98 + 96 + .......+ 2 mgvšÍi avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi
1 1 1 1 1
e¨vL¨v : AbyµgwUi 1g c` = = = = 1; 2q c` = 2−1 =
21−1 20 1 2 2 KZ? (mnR)
1 1 1  −2 L−1 M1 N2
3q c` = 3−1 = 22 = 4
2 43. a + b + c + d + ....... mgvšÍi avivi AšÍf©y³ n‡j wb‡Pi
aviv †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K a−b=b−c L d−b=a−b
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M a+b=d+c  b−a=d−c
32. 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 ...... Gi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 44. 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + ........ avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi wb‡Pi
 aviv L Abyµg M dvskb N A‡f` †KvbwU? (mnR)
33. wb‡Pi †KvbwU aviv? (mnR) K −4 4 M6 N8
K {1, 3, 5, 7, .....} L 1, 3, 5, 7 ......... e¨vL¨v : 10 − 6 = 4, 14 − 10 = 4, 18 − 14 = 4
 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 ......... N 2, 4, 6, 8, ..........
45. a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .................
34. (2n − 1) GKwU avivi mvaviY c` n‡j− i. avivwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv
i. avivwUi 1g c` 1
ii. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi 2d
ii. avivwUi PZz_© c` 7
iii.avivwUi cÖ_g c` a wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 58. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
i. mgvšÍi avivi †ÿ‡Î c` msL¨v abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ii. 1g c` a I mvaviY AšÍi d n‡j mgvšÍi avivi 4_©
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 46 I 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : c` (a + 3d)
iii. 3 + 7 + 11 ........ avivwUi lô Zg c` 23
1 + 4 + k + 10 + ...........+ 25 GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
46. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi KZ? (ga¨g)
K1 3 M4 N7
47. k Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
59. 3 + 13 + 23 + 33 + .......GKwU mgvšÍi aviv n‡j−
i. mvaviY c` = 10n − 7
K3 L5 7 N9
e¨vL¨v : 4 − 1= k − 4 ev, 3 = k − 4  k = 4 + 3 = 7 ii. mvaviY AšÍi 10
iii. (p + 1) Zg c` = 10p + 3
mgvšÍi avivi mvaviY c` wbY©q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 60. mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 5 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 3 n‡j−
48. mgvšÍi avivi n-Zg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) i. avivwUi 3q c` 12
 a + (n – 1) d L a – (n – 1) d ii. avivwUi 5g c` 17
M a – (n + 1) d N a(n – 1) + d iii. avivwU n‡e 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + ............
49. a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .......avivwUi `kg c` †KvbwU?(mnR) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 a + 9d L a + 10d M 10a + d N 9a + d
e¨vL¨v : n Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d
 10 Zg c` = a + (10 − 1) d = a + 9d. Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
50. GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 5 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 3 n‡j
D³ avivi n Zg c` KZ? (ga¨g)
K 3n + 5  3n + 2 M 3n − 3 N 2n − 2 GKwU mgvšÍi aviv Ges mvaviY AšÍi 5|
a + b + c + d +.....+ p
e¨vL¨v : n-Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d = 5 + (n − 1) 3
= 5 + 3n − 3 = 3n + 2
61. wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? (ga¨g)
51. mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 2, Ges mvaviY AšÍi 4 n‡j avivwUi a+c c−a a−c a+b
 b= Lb= M b= N c=
2 2 2 2
12 Zg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
c+a
K 72  46 M 38 N 25 e¨vL¨v : b − a = c − b ev, 2b = c + a ev, b = 2
52. 7 + 10 + 13 + ....... avivi 20 Zg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 62. d Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 82 L 78  64 N 56
K a + 15d L a − 15 M a − 15d  a + 15
53. 27 + 22 + 17 + 12 + ........ avivi Øv`k c` KZ n‡e? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : d nj 4_© c`|
 −28 L −26 M −24 N 28
 4 Zg c` = a + (4 − 1)  5 = a + 15
e¨vL¨v : Øv`k c` = 27 + (12 − 1)(−5) = 27 − 55 = −28
54. ¯^vfvweK †Rvo msL¨vi mvaviY c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 63. avivwUi c` msL¨v KZ? (KwVb)
K 2n − 1 L 2n + 1  2n Nn p−a p−a p+a p−a
K L −1 M −1  +1
55. 2 + 4 + 6 +........+ 20 avivwUi KZ Zg c` †kl c`? (ga¨g) 5 5 5 5
K9  10 M 11 N 20 †kl c` − cÖ_g c` p−a
e¨vL¨v : c` msL¨v = mvaviY AšÍi + 1 = 5 + 1
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b a = 2, d = 4 − 2 = 2,
hw` r - Zg c` 20 nq,  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 64 I 65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Z‡e a + (r − 1) d = 20 ev, 2 + (r − 1)2 = 20 5 + 8 + 11 + ..... GKwU wbw`©ó mgvšÍi aviv|
20 − 2
ev, r − 1 = 2
=9 64. avivwUi 20 Zg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
ev, r = 9 + 1 = 10 Zg c` K 45  62 M 105 N 145
56. 3 + 10 + 17 + 24 + ....... avivi Aóg c` KZ n‡e? (ga¨g) 65. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 383? (KwVb)
K 62  52 M 42 N 35 K 105  127 M 132 N 142
e¨vL¨v : Aóg c` = a + (r − 1) d = 3 + (8 − 1) 7 = 52
mgvšÍi avivi n-msL¨K c‡ì mgwó
57. †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AšÍi d, c`msL¨v mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
n n‡j− 66. 5 + 11 + 17 + 23 +..... avivwUi cÖ_g 10 c‡ì mgwó KZ? (KwVb)
i. avivwUi n Zg c` a + (n − 1) d  320 L 315 M 310 N 302
n
ii. avivwUi 12 Zg c` a + 2d e¨vL¨v : mgwó S = 2 {2a + (n − 1) d}
iii. avivwUi 20 Zg c` a + 19d
=
10
{2  5 + (10 − 1) 6} 76. avivwUi †Kvb c` 41? (ga¨g)
2
K6 7 M8 N9
= 5{10 + (9  6)} = 5(10 + 54)
= 5  64 = 320  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 77 − 79 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
67. 1 + 3 + 5 +......+11 avivwUi mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + .............
K 121 L 59 M 49  36 77. avivwUi n-Zg c` †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
68. 2 − 5 − 12 − 19 −.....avivwUi 8wU c‡ì mgwó KZ? (ga¨g) K 4n + 1 L 4n − 1 M 3n − 3  4n − 3
K 180 L −188  −180 N 188 e¨vL¨v : n-Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d = 1 + (n − 1) 4 = 4n − 3
n 8
e¨vL¨v : Sn = 2 {2a + (n − 1) d} = 2 {2  2 + (8 − 1) (− 7)}
78. avivwUi KZ Zg c` = 65? (ga¨g)
K 16  17 M 18 N 19
= 4(4 − 49) = 4  (− 45) = −180 e¨vL¨v : 4n − 3 = 65 ev, 4n = 68  n = 17.
69. GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a = 7, mvaviY AšÍi d = 5 Ges 79. Aóg c‡ì gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
c` msL¨v n = 25 n‡j mgwó S = KZ? (KwVb) K 27 L 28  29 N 32
K 1775  1675 M 1575 N 1475 e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b n Zgc` = 4n − 3; Aóg c` = 4.8 − 3
= 32 − 3 = 29
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 80 I 81 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
70. 3 + 5 + 7 + ...........+ 13 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ..........+ 99|
i. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi 2 80. avivwUi `kg c` KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. avivwU‡Z QqwU c` i‡q‡Q K 13 L 12 M 11  10
iii. avivwUi mgwó 36 81. wb‡Pi †Kvb msL¨vwU avivwUi †hvMdj wb‡`©k K‡i? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K 4750 L 4850  4950 N 5050
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 82 I 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
71. 8 + 16 + 24 + ...........avivwUi− wgRvb Zvi †eZb †_‡K cÖ_g gv‡m 1200 UvKv mÂq K‡i Ges
i. mvaviY AšÍi 8 cieZ©x cÖwZgv‡m †m c~‡e©i Zzjbvq 100 UvKv K‡i †ewk mÂq K‡i|
ii. 9Zg c` = 72 82. wgRvb n-Zg gv‡m KZ UvKv mÂq K‡i? (ga¨g)
iii. 9wU c‡ì mgwó = 360 K 100n − 1100  100n + 1100
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) M 1200n − 1100 N 1200n + 1100
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : n-Zg gv‡m mÂq = a + (n − 1) d
e¨vL¨v : 9Zg c` = 8 + (n − 1) 8 = 8 + (9 − 1) 8 = 72. = 1200 + (n − 1) 100
n 9 = 1200 + 100n − 100
S9 = {2a + (n − 1) d} = {2  8 + (9 − 1) 8} = 360.
2 2 = 100n + 1100
72. †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 1 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 1 Ges 83. GK eQ‡i Zvi mÂ‡qi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g)
n K 12,000  21,000 M 24,000 N 32,000
mgwó Sn = 2 {2 + n − 1} n‡j−
e¨vL¨v : S12 = 50  12(12 + 23) = 50  12  35 = 21,000.
i. S0 = 0 n‡j, c`msL¨v 1
ii. n = 2 n‡j, S2 = 3 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó wbY©q
iii. cÖ_g cuvPwU c‡ì †hvMdj 15
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
84. cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? (mnR)
73. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : n n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
i. 5 +17 + 29 + 41 +........avivi 20 wU c‡ì mgwó 2380 K {2a + (n – 1) d} L
2 6
ii. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ....... avivi 25 wU c‡ì mgwó 625 n(n + 1) n(n + 1) 2
iii. 20 + 18 + 16 + .......avivi 12wU c‡ì mgwó 108

2
N { 2 }
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 85. 1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + 55 = KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K 1500  1540 M 1650 N 1750
55(55 +1) 55  56
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi e¨vL¨v : S55 = 2
=
2
= 1540
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 74 − 76 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 86. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ........ + 29 avivwUi †hvMdj 225 n‡j, c`
GKwU mgvšÍi aviv n‡jv 5 + 11 + 17 + ........ + 59| msL¨v KZ? (ga¨g)
74. avivwUi c`msL¨v KqwU? (ga¨g) K 13 L 14  15 N 16
K 14 L 13  10 N8
e¨vL¨v : n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj = n ev, n = 225 ev, n = 15
2 2
75. avivi c`mg~‡ni mgwó KZ? (KwVb) 87. cÖ_g 50 wU ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi †hvMdj KZ? (ga¨g)
K 294  320 M 342 N 360 K 1050 L 1120 M 1255  1275
50(50 + 1) 50  51
e¨vL¨v : S50 = 2
=
2
= 1275. Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
†Kv‡bv avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó n(n + 1)
88. n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó sn n‡j− 89. avivwUi Z…Zxq c` KZ? (mnR)
n(n + 1) K4 L5 6 N8
i. Sn = e¨vL¨v : S2 = 2(2 + 1) = 2  3 = 6
2
S3 = 3(3 + 1) = 3  4 = 12
ii. S10 = 56  Z…Zxq c` = S3 − S2 = 12 − 6 = 6
iii. S51 = 1326 90. avivwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 2 + 4 + 6 +......... L 1 + 2 + 3 + .......
M 2 + 3 + 4 + ........... N 3 + 5 + 7 + ..........
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 91 I 92 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
e¨vL¨v : i. msÁvbymv‡i mwVK| cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó 4900.
ii. S10 =
10(10 + 1)
= 5  11 = 55 myZivs cÖ`Ë Dw³wU
91. cÖ_g c` KZ? (ga¨g)
2 1 L2 M3 N4
mwVK bq 92. †kl c` 99 n‡j, n Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
51(51 + 1) 51  52 K 60 L 66 M 88  99
iii. S51 = 2
=
2
= 1326
myZivs cÖ`Ë Dw³wU mwVK|

93. 29 + 25 + 21 +..............avivwUi 10-Zg c` KZ?  127 Zg L 129 Zg M 128 Zg N 130 Zg
K 65 L −11 M7  −7 106. 1 + 3 + 5 +......... +15 avivwUi mgwó wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
94. 5 + 10 + 15 + ..........avivwUi mßg c` KZ? K 30 L 31 M 45  64
K 25 L 30  35 N 40 107. GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 5 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 3 n‡j
95. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 +...........+ 21 GwU †Kvb ai‡bi aviv? D³ avivi n Zg c` KZ?
K 2n − 2 L 3n − 3  3n + 2 N 3n + 5
K ¸‡YvËi aviv L Amxg aviv
108. 10 + 8 + 6 +......... avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi KZ?
 mgvšÍi aviv N †Kv‡bvwUB bq  −2 L2 M −1 N1
96. a − a + a − a ...........avivwUi 61wU c‡ì †hvMdj wb‡Pi 109. 3 + 10 + 17 + 24 +......... avivi Aóg c` KZ n‡e?
†KvbwU? [PÆMÖvg K¨v›Ub‡g›U †evW© AvšÍt we`¨vjq]
K 35 L 45  52 N 62
a L −a M0 N 31a
110. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14......... avivwUi †Kvb c` 302?
97. mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 3 n‡j, mßg K 50 L 200  100 N 120
c` KZ? 111. GKwU avivi cÖ_g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 3 n‡j−
K 18  20 M 22 N 24 i. avivwUi 2 + 5 + 8 + .......
98. 7 + 12 + 17 + ............ avivwUi 25wU c‡ì mgwó KZ? ii. avivwUi lô c` 17
K 1075  1675 M 1225 N 1600 iii. avivwUi 10wU c‡ì mgwó 155
99. 104 + 100 + 96 + 92 +........ avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 −4 L−
1
M
1
N4 K ii L iii M i I ii  i, ii I iii
2 4 112. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ........... + (2n − 1) + .......
100. 2 + 4 + 6 + ........... avivwUi KZ Zg c` 14? i. ¸‡YvËi aviv
K 10 L9 M8 7 ii. AbšÍ aviv
101. 1 + 2 + 3 + ...........+80 =? iii. mgvšÍi aviv
K 3204  3240 M 420 N 3640 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
102. 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ...........avivi †Kvb c` 310? K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 100 Zg L 101 Zg  103 Zg N 106 Zg 113. −10 − 7 − 4 − 1 + ......... n‡j−
103. †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi m Zg c` n Ges n Zg c` m n‡j i. avivwU GKwU mgvšÍi aviv
avivwUi m + n Zg c` KZ? ii. avivwUi 7g c` 8
0 L m2 + mn + n2 iii. avivwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
M mn(m + n) N m2 (m + 1) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
104. 3 − 3 + 3 − 3 + ......... avivwUi 1g 19wU c‡ì mgwó KZ?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K0 3 M 57 N 1083  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 114 I 115 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
105. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + ......... avivwUi †Kvb c` 383?
†Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 4, mvaviY AšÍi 2 Ges `kwU c` log2 + log4 + log8 + ..............
we`¨gvb| 116. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi †KvbwU?
114. avivwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K2 L4  log2 N 2 log 2
 mmxg L Amxg M R¨vwgwZK N ¸‡YvËi 117. avivwUi 7g c` KZ?
115. avivwUi cÖ_g cuvPwU c‡ì mgwó KZ? K log 32 L log 64  log 128 N log 256
K8 L 20  40 N 130 118. avivwUi cÖ _ g cu
v PwU c‡ì mgwó KZ?
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 116 − 118 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 3 log 2 L 5 log 2 M 10 log 2  15 log 2

œ 1  215 + 213 + 211 + ......... + 175 = S1 Ges 24 + 76 +
cÖk- 175 − 215
ev, (n − 1) = (− 2)
384 + ....... avivwUi
cÖ_g cuvPwU c‡ì mgwó = S2|
ev, (n − 1) = 20
K. S1 Gi `kg c` wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, n = 20 + 1
L. S1 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4  n = 21
M. S1 Ges S2 Gi AbycvZ †ei Ki| 4 21
 S1 = {2  (215) + (21 − 1)  (− 2)}
21 21
= (430 + 20  (− 2)} = (430 − 40)
K g‡b Kwi, 2 2
S1 Gi cÖ_g c`, a = 215 21  390
= = 21  195 = 4095. (Ans.)
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 213 − 215 = − 2 2
Avgiv Rvwb, M g‡b Kwi, wØZxq avivi cÖ_g c` p = 24
n Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d 96
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 24 = 4  1
10 " " = 215 + (10 − 1)  (− 2)
p(r5 − 1)
= 215 + 9  ( − 2) cÖ_g cuvPwU c‡ì mgwó = (r − 1) ; r  1
= 215 − 18 = 197 (Ans.)
24  (45 − 1) 24  (1024 − 1)
x
L Avgiv Rvwb, n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, Sn = 2 {2a + (x − 1) d}  S2 = =
(4 − 1) 3
g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g avivi cÖ_g c` a = 215 = 8  1023 = 8184
mvaviY AšÍi d = 213 − 215 = − 2 GLb, S1 I S2 Gi AbycvZ = 4095 : 8184 [ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß]
= 1365 : 2728 (Ans.)
GLb, g‡b Kwi, n Zg c` = 175
ev, a + (n − 1) d = 175
ev, 215 + (n − 1)  (− 2) = 175

n−1 n  wØZxq Abyµ‡gi cÂg c` = (−1) 5 + 1 5 + 1
5
œ 2  n + 1, (−1)n + 1 n + 1 `yBwU Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c`|
cÖk-
5 5
K. Abyµg Kv‡K e‡j? 2 = (−1)6 = (Ans.)
6 6
L. cÖ_g Abyµ‡gi lôc`, wØZxq Abyµ‡gi cÂg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 n−1
M. Abyµg `yBwU †jL| 4 M. cÖ_g Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` n + 1 Gi Rb¨−
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  n = 1 n‡j
1−1
Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g c` = 1 + 1 = 2 = 0
0
K. KZK¸‡jv ivwk‡K GKUv we‡kl wbq‡g µgvš^‡q Ggbfv‡e 2−1 1

mvRv‡bv nq †h, cÖ‡Z¨K ivwk Gi c~‡e©i c` I c‡ii c‡ì n=2 n‡j Abyµ‡gi wØZxq c` = 2 + 1 = 3
mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z Zv Rvbv hvq| Gfv‡e mvRv‡bv 3−1 2
n=3 n‡j Abyµ‡gi Z…Zxq c` = 3 + 1 = 4
ivwk¸‡jvi †mU‡K Abyµg ejv nq|
1 2
n−1 wb‡Y©q AbyµgwU n‡jv : 0, 3, 4, ...........
L. cÖ_g Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` = n + 1
n
6−1 5 wØZxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` (− 1)n + 1 n + 1 Gi Rb¨ Ñ
 cÖ_g Abyµ‡gi lô c` = 6 + 1 = 7 (Ans.)
1 1 1
n n = 1 n‡j Abyµ‡gi 1g c` = (− 1)1 + 1 1+ 1 = (− 1)2.2 = 2
wØZxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` = (−1) n + 1 n + 1
n = 2 n‡j Abyµ‡gi 2q c`
2
= (−1)2 + 1 2+1 = (− 1)3.3 = − 3
2 2 PZz_© c` = a + (4 − 1) d = 5 + 3  7 = 26
cÂg c` = a + (5 − 1) d = 5 + 4  7 = 33
3 3 3
n = 3 n‡j Abyµ‡gi 3q c` = (− 1)3 + 1 3 + 1 = (− 1)4.4 = 4 lô c` = a + (6 − 1) d = 5 + 5  7 = 40
1 2 3  avivwUi cÖ_g QqwU c` h_vµ‡g 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 (Ans.)
wb‡Y©q AbyµgwU n‡jv : 2, − 3, 4, .......... Avevi, r Zg c` = a + (r − 1). d = 5 + (r − 1). 7
œ 3  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` 5 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 7|
cÖk- = 5 + 7r − 7
= 7r − 2 (Ans.)
K. mgvšÍi avivi mvaviY c` KZ? 2 Avevi, 22 Zg c` = a + (22 − 1) d
L. avivwUi cÖ_g QqwU c`, r Zg c` I 22 Zg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 = 5 + (22 − 1) 7
M. avivwUi (2r + 1)-Zg c` Ges 20wU c‡ì mgwó = 5 + 21  7 = 152 (Ans.)
wbY©q Ki| 4 M. GLv‡b, mgvšÍi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 5
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mvaviY AšÍi, d = 7
K. †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AšÍi d n‡j,  avivwUi (2r + 1)-Zg c` = a + (2r + 1 − 1)d
= 5 + 2r  7 = 5 + 14r (Ans.)
avivwUi mvaviY c` (n Zg c`) = a + (n − 1) d. (Ans.)
Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n c‡ì mgwó,
L. GLv‡b, mgvšÍi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 5 n
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 7 Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d}
2
Avgiv Rvwb,  avivwUi 20 c‡ì mgwó,
avivwUi n Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d 20
S20 = {2  5 + (20 − 1)  7}
 cÖ_g c` = a + (1 − 1) d = 5 + 0  7 = 5 2
wØZxq c` = a + (2 − 1) d = 5 + 1  7 = 12 = 10 (10 + 19  7) = 10(10 + 133)
Z…Zxq c` = a + (3 − 1) d = 5 + 2  7 = 19 = 10  143 = 1430 (Ans)

œ 4  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a Ges mvaviY AšÍi d.
cÖk- n
ev, S = 2 {a + a + (n −1)d} [ †klc` =n−Zg c`]
K. avivwUi †kl c` l n‡j avivwU wbY©q Ki| 2 n
 S = {2a + (n − 1) d}
L. avivwUi nZg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 2
M. avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4  avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó,
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  n
S = {2a + (n − 1)d} (Ans.)
2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a
mvaviY AšÍi = d œ 5  5 + 8 + 11 + .................. GKwU aviv|
cÖk-
Ges †kl c` = l K. avivwUi cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 2
 avivwU = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) ... + (l − 2d) + (l − d) + l L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 383? 4
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, M. avivwUi cÖ_g 20 c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
avivwU, a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ......+ (l − 2d) + (l − d) + l
GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a = a + (1 − 1)d. K. GLv‡b, avivwUi †h‡Kv‡bv c` − c~e©eZ©x c` = (8 − 5)
avivwUi wØZxq c` = a + d = a + (2 − 1)d. ev, (11 − 8) = 3 Ges †kl c` Abycw¯’Z
avivwUi Z…Zxq c` = a + 2d = a + (3 − 1)d.  cÖ`Ë avivwU GKwU AbšÍ mgvšÍi aviv (Ans.)
Abyiƒcfv‡e, avivwUi n-Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d. (Ans.)
L. GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 5
M. g‡b Kwi, avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = S
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 3
 S = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .... (l – 2d) + (l − d) + l ... (i)
(i) bs mgxKiY‡K wecixZµ‡g mvwR‡q cvB, g‡b Kwi, avivwUi r Zg c` = 383
S = l + (l − d) + (l − 2d) + ..... + (a + 2d) + (a + d) + a ......... (ii) Avgiv Rvwb, rZg c` = a + (r − 1) d
(i) bs I (ii) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,  a + (r − 1) d = 383
2S = (a + l) + (a + l) + .......... + (a + l) + (a + l) + (a + l) ev, 5 + (r − 1)  3 = 383
ev, 2S = n(a + l) [ n msL¨K c` Av‡Q ] ev, 5 + 3r − 3 = 383
n ev, 3r = 383 − 5 + 3
ev, S = 2(a + l)
381
ev, r = 3 K. awi, mgvšÍi avivi 1g c` = a Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d.
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d
 r = 127 1g kZ©vbymv‡i, a + (m − 1)d = m2 ........ (i)
 cÖ`Ë avivwUi 127 Zg c` 383 (Ans.) 2q kZ©vbymv‡i, a + (n −1)d = n2 .......... (ii)
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖ`Ë, mgxKiY (i) n‡Z (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
M. GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 5 a + (m − 1)d = m2
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 3 a + (n − 1)d = n2
c` msL¨v, n = 20 (−) (−) (−)
n (m − 1)d − (n −1) d = m2 − n2
 mgwó S = 2{2a + (n − 1)d}
ev, (m − 1 − n + 1)d = (m)2 − (n)2
=
20
{2 × 5 + (20 − 1) × 3} [gvb ewm‡q] ev, (m − n)d = (m + n) (m − n)
2 (m + n)(m − n)
= 10(10 + 19 × 3) ev, d = (m − n)
= 10(10 + 57)
= 10  67 = 670 d=m+n
avivwUi cÖ_g 20wU c‡ì mgwó 670. (Ans.) d Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
a + (m − 1)(m + n) = m2
œ 6  4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ...........GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
cÖk- ev, a + m2 + mn − m − n = m2
K. avivwUi cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 2 ev, a = m2 − m2 − mn + m + n
L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 301? 4 ev, a = −mn + m + n
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß c` ch©šÍ avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4  a = m − mn + n
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wb‡Y©q avivwUi 1g c` m − mn + n Ges mvaviY AšÍi m + n
K. DÏxc‡Ki avivwU 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ........... M. mgvšÍi avivi (m + n) Zg c`
 avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 4 = a + (m + n − 1) d
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 7 − 4 = 3 = (m − mn + n) + (m + n − 1). (m + n) [ÔLÕ †_‡K gvb ewm‡q]
 avivwUi cÖ_g c` 4, mvaviY AšÍi 3. (Ans.) = m − mn + n + m2 + mn − m + mn + n2 − n
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, = m2 + mn + n2 (Ans.)
avivwUi cÖ_g c` a = 4, mvaviY AšÍi d = 3 Avgiv Rvwb,
n
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 301 mgvšÍi avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = 2{2a + (n − 1)d}
 a + (n − 1) d = 301 [ n Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d] mgvšÍi avivi (m + n) msL¨K c‡ì mgwó
ev, 4 + (n − 1) 3 = 301 m+n
ev, (n − 1)3 = 301 − 4 = {2a + (m + n − 1) d}
2
ev, 3n − 3 = 297 =
m+n
{2 (m − mn + n) + (m + n − 1) (m + n)}
ev, 3n = 297 + 3 2
m+n
ev, 3n = 300 = (2m − 2mn + 2n + m2 + mn + mn + n2 − m − n)
2
300
ev, n = 3 =
m+n
(m + n + m2 + n2)
2
 n = 100
(m + n)(m2 + n2 + m + n)
AZGe, avivwUi 100 Zg c` 301. (Ans.) =
2
(Ans.)
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB,
avivwUi cÖ_g c` a = 4 œ 8  8 + 16 + 24 +..........GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
cÖk-
mvaviY AšÍi d = 3 K. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 2
c` msL¨v n = 100 L. avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
n M. †`LvI †h, ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß †hvMd‡ji mv‡_ 1 †hvM
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi †hvMdj = 2 {2a + (n − 1)d} Ki‡j Zv c~Y©eM© msL¨v nq| 4
 avivwUi
100
mgwó, S = 2 {(2  4) + (100 − 1)3}  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
100 100 K. DÏxc‡Ki avivwU, 8 + 16 + 24 + ............
= {8 + 99  3} = {8 + 297} avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 8
2 2
=
100
 305 = 15250 (Ans.)
Ges mvaviY AšÍi, d = 16 − 8 = 8
2 wb‡Y©q avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi 8.
œ 7  †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi
cÖk- avivi mZg c` m2 Ges n Zg c` n2. L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, mgvšÍi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 8
K. mgm¨vwU‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i †jL| 2 mvaviY AšÍi, d = 8
L. 1g c` Ges mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 4 n
Avgiv Rvwb, avivi n c‡ì †hvMdj = 2{2a + (n − 1)d}
M. (m + n) Zg c` Ges (m + n) c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
 avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj,
n n
S = {(2  8) + (n − 1)8} = {16 + 8n − 8}
ev, (n − 1) 2 = 107 − 55
2 2 ev, (n − 1) 2 = 52
n n
= {8n + 8) =  2(4n + 4) 52
2 2 ev, n − 1 = 2
= 4n2 + 4n (Ans.)
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj 4n2 + 4n ev, n − 1 = 26
GLb, n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMd‡ji mv‡_ 1 †hvM K‡i cvB, ev, n = 26 + 1
= 4n2 + 4n + 1  n = 27
= (2n)2 + 2.2n.1 + (1)2  avivwUi 27 Zg c` 107
= (2n + 1)2 hv GKwU c~Y©eM© msL¨v| wb‡Y©q cÖ_g c` 55, mvaviY AšÍi 2 Ges 27 Zg c` 107.
GLv‡b, n †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v| œ 10  3 + x + y + 18 + .............. + 83.
cÖk-
 avivwUi cÖ_g †h‡Kv‡bv n msL¨K c‡ì mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j
K. avivwU mgvšÍi aviv n‡j, x I y Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
†hvMdj c~Y©eM© msL¨v nq| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
¯’vcb Ki| 2
œ 9  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi 12 Zg c` 77 Ges 16 Zg c` 85.
cÖk- L. x I y Gi gvb wbY©q K‡i 7g c` wbY©q Ki| 4
K. DcwiD³ Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K `ywU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 M. avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
L. avivwUi cÖ_g 23 c‡ì mgwó KZ? 4  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. avivwUi cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki Ges
avivwUi †Kvb c` 107 Zv wbY©q Ki| 4 K. cÖ`Ë avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 3
avivwU mgvšÍi aviv n‡j,
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mvaviY AšÍi, d = x − 3 = y − x = 18 − y n‡e|
K. g‡b Kwi, avivwUi cÖ_g c` = a GLb, x − 3 = y − x
Ges mvaviY AšÍi = d  2x − y = 3 .......................... (i)
 avivwUi 12 Zgc` = a + (12 − 1)d = a + 11d Avevi, x − 3 = 18 − y
Ges Ó 16 Ó = a + (16 − 1)d = a + 15d  x + y = 21 .......................... (ii)
cÖkœg‡Z, a + 11d = 77 Ges y − x = 18 − y
Ges a + 15d = 85  2y − x = 18 ........................... (iii)
mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) B wb‡Y©q m¤úK©|
L. Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó,
n L. 2x − y = 3 ....................... (i)
Sn = {2a + (n − 1) d}
2 x + y = 21 ...................... (ii)
23 2y − x = 18 .................... (iii)
 cÖ_g 23 c‡ì mgwó, S23 = {2a + (23 − 1) d}
2 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †hvM K‡i cvB,
23 23 3x = 24
= {2a + 22d} =  2(a + 11d)
2 2 x=8
= 23  (a + 11d) mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K cvB,
= 23  77 8 + y = 21
[ÔKÕ †_‡K a + 11d = 77] ev, y = 21 − 8
= 1771 (Ans.)
 y =13
M. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, a + 11d = 77 ................ (i)  cÖ`Ë avivq cÖ_gc`, a = 3
a + 15d = 85 ................ (ii) wØZxq c` = 8
mgxKiY (ii) †_‡K (i) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, Z…Zxq c` = 13
4d = 8
8 PZz_© c` = 18
ev, d= =2
4  mvaviY AšÍi d = 8 − 3 = 5
d-Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB, mgvšÍi avivi nZg = a + (n − 1) d
a + 11d = 77  7g c` = 3 + (7 − 1)5
ev, a + 11  2 = 77 =3+65
ev, a + 22 = 77 = 3 + 30 = 33
ev, a = 77 − 22 wb‡Y©q x = 8, y = 13 Ges 7g c` 33 (Ans.)
 a = 55 M. cÖ`Ë avivq n Zg c` = 83
 avivwUi cÖ_g c` 55 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 2  a + (n − 1) d = 83
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 107 ev, 3 + (n − 1) 5 = 83
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d ev, 3 + 5n − 5 = 83
 a + (n − 1)d = 107 ev, 5n − 2 = 83
ev, 55 + (n − 1)2 = 107
ev, 5n = 83 + 2
ev, 5n = 85 ev, 2n + n2 − n = 2550
 n = 17 ev, n2 + n − 2550 = 0
 17 Zg c` = 83 ev, n2 + 51n − 50n − 2550 = 0
n
GLb, mgvšÍi avivi n c‡ì mgwó = 2 {2a + (n − 1) d} ev, n (n + 51) − 50(n + 51) = 0
ev, (n + 51)(n − 50) = 0
17
 17wU c‡ì mgwó = 2 {2 × 3 + (17 − 1) × 5} nq n + 51 = 0 A_ev, n − 50 = 0
17  n = −51  n = 50
= {6 + 16  5} wKš‘ n = − 51 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq, KviY c` msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i
2
17 bv|
= {6 + 80}
2  n = 50
17
=
2
 86 = 17  43 = 731  avivwUi 16Zg c` 32 Ges 50 c‡ì mgwó 2550.
 avivwUi mgwó 731 (Ans.) œ 12  †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi 1g c` m, mvaviY AšÍi n Ges
cÖk-
œ 11  †Kv‡bv avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó n(n + 1)
cÖk- p Zg, q-Zg I r Zg c` h_vµ‡g a, b, c|
K. mgvšÍi aviv Kv‡K e‡j? 2 K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i †jL| 2
L. avivwU wbY©q Ki| 4 L. †`LvI †h, a(q − r) + b(r − p) + c(p − q) = 0 4
M. avivwUi 16 Zg c` KZ? avivwUi KZ c‡ì mgwó M. avivwUi m I n Gi gvb †ei K‡i †`LvI †h,
2550? 4 bp − aq
m−n=
p−q
4
K. †Kv‡bv avivi †h‡Kv‡bv c` I Gi c~e©eZ©x c‡ì cv_©K¨ me
mgq mgvb n‡j, †mB avivwU‡K mgvšÍi aviv e‡j| K. mgvšÍi avivi 1g c` m, mvaviY AšÍi n n‡j,
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + .................. GKwU mgvšÍi aviv| avivwUi p-Zg c`, m + (p − 1)n = a .......(i)
GLv‡b, 3 − 1 = 2 " q-Zg c`, m + (q − 1) n = b ......(ii)
5−3=2 " r-Zg c`, m + (r − 1) n = c .......(iii)
7−5=2 L. evgcÿ = a(q − r) + b(r − p) + r(p − q)
mvaviY AšÍi 2| = {m + (p − 1)n} (q − r) + {m + (q − 1)n} (r − p)
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, avivwUi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó, S = n (n + 1) = n2 + {m + (r − 1)n} (p − q) [gvb ewm‡q]
+n
= m(q − r + r − p + p − q) + n{(p − 1)(q − r) + (q
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ....... ewm‡q cvB,
− 1)(r − p) + (r − 1)(p − q)}
n = 1 n‡j, cÖ_g c`, S1 = 12 + 1 = 2
= m  0 + n{pq − pr − q + r + qr − pq − r + p + rp − rq
n = 2 n‡j, cÖ_g `yB c‡ì mgwó, S2 = 22 + 2 = 6 − p + q}
n = 3 n‡j, cÖ_g wZb c‡ì mgwó, S3 =32 + 3 =12 = 0 + n  0 = 0 = Wvbcÿ
n = 4 n‡j, cÖ_g PviwU c‡ì mgwó, S4 = 42 + 4 =20  a(q − r) + b(r − p) + c(p − q) = 0 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
..........................................................
..........................................................
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, m + (p − 1)n = a ..........(i)
 avivwUi cÖ_g c` = 2 m + (q − 1) n = b .........(ii)
" wØZxq c` = S2 − S1 = 6 − 2 = 4 m + (r − 1) n = c .........(iii)
" Z…Zxq c` = S3 − S2 = 12 − 6 = 6
mgxKiY (i) †_‡K (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
n(p − 1 − q + 1) = a − b
" PZz_© c` = S4 − S3 = 20 − 12 = 8
ev, n(p − a) = a – b
wb‡Y©q avivwU 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + .............
a−b
M. KÕ n‡Z cvB, avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 2  n=
p−q
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 4 − 2 = 2
mgxKiY (i) G n Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` = a + (n − 1) d a−b
 avivwUi 16 Zg c` = 2 + (16 − 1)  2 m + (p − 1) =a
p−q
= 2 + 15  2 = 2 + 30 = 32 (p − 1)(a − b)
Avevi, mgvšÍi avivi n c‡ì mgwó, Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d} ev, m = a − (p − q)
n ap − aq − ap + bp + a − b
cÖkœg‡Z, 2{2a + (n − 1) d} = 2550 ev, m = p−q
n
ev, 2 {2 × 2 + (n − 1) × 2} = 2550 a − b + bp − aq
m=
n p−q
ev, 2 (4 + 2n − 2) = 2550 a − b + bp − aq a − b
AZGe, m − n = p−q
−
p−q
a – b + bp – aq – a + b K. wØZxq Abyµ‡gi lô c` †jL| 2
=
p–q L. wØZxq I Z…Zxq Abyµg `yBwU †jL| 4
bp − aq M. cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` †hvM Ki‡j †h
=
p−q
bZzb GKwU Abyµg cvIqv hvq †mwUi cÖ_g 4 c‡ì
œ 13  1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ........... + 125 †h‡Kv‡bv aviv|
cÖk- †hvMdj †ei Ki| 4
K. avivwUi cÖK…wZ wKiƒc? 2  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. avivwUi mgwó KZ? 4 K. wØZxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` = (– 1)n + 1 n
M. †`LvI †h, cÖ`Ë avivwUi mgwó 169 + 171 + 173 n+1
........ + 209 avivwUi mgwói mgvb| 4  wØZxq AbyµgwUi lôZg c` = (– 1) 6 + 1
6 + 1
6
= (– 1)8= (Ans.)
K. GLv‡b, avivwUi †h‡Kv‡bv c` − c~e©eZ©x c` 8 8
= (3 − 1) ev (5 − 3) = 2 Ges †kl c` we`¨gvb| n
L. wØZxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` (– 1)n + 1 n + 1 Gi Rb¨ Ñ
 avivwU GKwU mmxg mgvšÍi aviv|
L. GLv‡b, avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1 1 1 1
n = 1 n‡j Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g c` = (– 1)1 + 1 = (– 1)2 =
1+1 2 2
Ges mvaviY AšÍi, d = 2
2 2 2
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 125 n = 2 n‡j Abyµ‡gi wØZxq c` = (– 1)2 + 1
2+1
= (– 1)3 = −
3 3
 a + (n − 1) d = 125 3 3 3
ev, 1 + (n − 1)  2 = 125 n = 3 n‡j Abyµ‡gi Z…Zxq c` = (– 1) 3 + 1 4
= (– 1) =
3+1 4 4
ev, 1 + 2n − 2 = 125 1 2 3
ev, −1 + 2n = 125 wØZxq AbyµgwU n‡jv : 2, − 3, 4,
ev, 2n = 125 + 1 n–1
Z…Zxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` n + 1 Gi Rb¨ Ñ
ev, 2n = 126
 n = 63 1–1 0
n = 1 n‡j Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g c` = = =0
n 1+1 2
 avivwUi mgwó, Sn = 2{2a + (n − 1) d} 2–1 1
63 n = 2 n‡j Abyµ‡gi wØZxq c` = =
2+1 3
= {2  1 + (63 − 1)  2}
2 3–1 2
63 63 n = 3 n‡j Abyµ‡gi Z…Zxq c` = =
3+1 4
= (2 + 62  2) = (2 + 124)
2 2 1 2
63 Z…Zxq AbyµgwU n‡jv : 0, 3, 4,
=  126 = 63  63 = 3969
2 M. cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c‡ì †hvMdj
 avivwUi mgwó 3969. 1 n–1
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, cÖ`Ë avivwUi mgwó, Sn = 3969 = +
n n+1
avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 169 n + 1 + n(n – 1)
Ges mvaviY AšÍi, d = 2 =
n(n + 1)
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n-Zg c` = 209 n + 1 + n 2 – n n2 + 1
= = 2
A_©vr, a + (n − 1) d = 209 n2 – n n +n
ev, 169 + (n − 1)  2 = 209
ev, 169 + 2n − 2 = 209 n2 + 1
 bZzb Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` = n2 + n
ev, 2n = 209 − 167
ev, 2n = 42 12 + 1 2
n = 1 n‡j Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g c` = 12 + 1 = 2 = 1
42
ev, n = 2 22 + 1 4+1 5
n = 2 n‡j Abyµ‡gi wØZxq c` = 22 + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6
 n = 21
n 32 + 1 9+1 10 5
 avivwUi mgwó Sn = 2 {2a + (n − 1) d} n = 3 n‡j Abyµ‡gi Z…Zxq c` = 32 + 3 = 12 = 12 = 6
21 42 + 1 16 + 1 17
= {2  169 + (21 − 1)  2} n = 4 n‡j Abyµ‡gi PZz_© c` = 42 + 4 = 16 + 4 = 20
2
21
= (338 + 20  2)  bZzb AbyµgwUi cÖ_g Pvi c‡ì †hvMdj
2 5 5 17
21 21 = 1 + 6 + 6 + 20
= (338 + 40) =  378
2 2 6 0 + 5 0+ 50 + 51
= 21  189 = 3969 =
60
hv DÏxc‡Ki avivwUi mgwói mgvb|
211
œ 14  wb‡P PviwU Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` †Ìqv n‡jv :
cÖk- =
60
(Ans.)
1 n n–1
n
, (– 1)n + 1 ,
n+1 n+1
. œ 15  (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .......... (ii) 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ..........
cÖk-
(iii)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .......... + n
= S3
K. Zvi gvwmK †eZb GKwU mgvšÍi avivq cÖKvk Ki| 2
2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + .......... + (n + 1) L. 2018 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Zvi g~j‡eZb KZ n‡e
K. (i) I (ii) bs avivi mvaviY c` wbY©q Ki| 2 wbY©q Ki| 4
L. (i) I (ii) bs avivi cÖ_g n–msL¨K c‡ì mgwó M. g~j‡eZb †_‡K cÖwZ gv‡m 10% nv‡i fwel¨r
h_vµ‡g S1 I S2 n‡j †`LvI †h, S2 = 2S1. 4 Znwe‡j KZ©b Ki‡j 20 eQ‡i fwel¨r Znwej †gvU
M. S3 Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 KZ©‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 4
K. (i) bs avivi cÖ_g c` a = 1, mvaviY AšÍi d = 1 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, g~j‡eZb, a = 9000 UvKv
 n–Zg c` = a + (n – 1) d evrmwiK †eZb e„w×, d = 200 UvKv
= 1 + (n – 1) 1
= 1 + n – 1= n
wØZxq eQ‡i †eZb = (a + d) = (9000 + 200) UvKv
(ii) bs avivi cÖ_g c` a = 2, mvaviY AšÍi d = 2 = 9200 UvKv
 n–Zg c` = a + (n – 1) d 3q eQ‡i †eZb = (a + 2d)
= 2 + (n – 1) 2 = (9000 + 2 × 200) UvKv
= 2 + 2n – 2 = 2n = 9400 UvKv
L. (i) bs avivi cÖ_g c` a = 1, mvaviY AšÍi d = 1
 mgvšÍi avivwU 9000 + 9200 + 9400 + .........
 avivwUi cÖ_g n–msL¨K c‡ì mgwó L. c` msL¨v, n = 6
n n
S1 =
2
{2a + (n – 1) d} = {2.1 + (n – 1) 1}
2
Avgiv Rvwb, n–Zg c` = a + (n – 1) d
n  6–Zg c` = a + (6 – 1) d
= {2 + n – 1} = 9000 + 5 × 200 [ÔKÕ †_‡K]
2
n = 10000
 S1 = (n + 1)
2  2018 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Zvi g~j †eZb n‡e 10000 UvKv|
(ii) bs avivi cÖ_g c` a = 2, mvaviY AšÍi d = 2 M. 2013 mv‡j Zvi †gvU †eZb = (9000 × 12) = 108000 UvKv
 avivwUi cÖ_g n–msL¨K c‡ì mgwó 2013 Ó Ó Ó Ó = (9200 × 12) = 110400 UvKv
S2 =
n n
{2a + (n – 1) d} = {2.2 + (n – 1) 2} 2014 Ó Ó Ó Ó = (9400 × 12) = 112800 UvKv
2 2
n n
Zvn‡j, ermiwfwËK avivwU `vovq,
= {4 + 2n – 2} = (2n + 2) 108000 + 110400 + 112800 + ...........
2 2
n hv GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
= . 2(n + 1) cÖ_g c`, a = 108000 UvKv|
2
 S2 = n(n + 1) mvaviY AšÍi, d = 110400 – 108000 = 2400 UvKv
n Ges c` msL¨v, n = 20
GLb, 2S1 = 2 2 (n + 1) = n(n + 1) = S2
n
 S2 = 2S1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Avgiv Rvwb, Sn = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d}
20
M. GLv‡b, 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + ........... + (n + 1) avivwUi = {2 × 108000 + (20 – 1) × 2400}
2
1g c` a = 2, mvaviY AšÍi d = 3 – 2 = 1. = 10(216000 + 45600)
n = 10 × 261600
avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d} = 2616000
n 20 eQ‡i Zvi †gvU †eZb n‡e 2616000 UvKv
= {2.2 + (n – 1) 1}
2 Zvi mÂq Znwe‡j evrmwiK Rgvi cwigvY 10%|
n
= {4 + n – 1}
2
†gvU KZ©‡bi cwigvY = 2616000 Gi 10%
10
n
= (n + 3) = 2616000 Gi
2 100
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .......... + n = 261600 UvKv (Ans.)
GLb, S3 =
2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + .......... + (n + 1) œ 17  †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi p Zg c` p2 Ges q Zg c` q2.
cÖk-
n(n + 1)
2 K. `yBwU mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`Ë Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki| 2
=
n(n + 3)
[ÔLÕ n‡Z gvb ewm‡q] L. avivwUi cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi KZ? 4
2 M. p + q Zg c` ch©šÍ †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
n(n + 1) 2 n+1
=
2
× =
n(n + 3) n + 3
(Ans.)  17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
œ 16 
cÖk- mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m GKRb PvKwiRxex 9000 K. g‡b Kwi, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` = a Ges mvaviY AšÍi =
2013
UvKv †eZb cvb| cÖwZ eQi gvwmK †eZb 200 UvKv K‡i e„w× cvq| d
Avgiv Rvwb, avivi n–Zg c` = a + (n – 1) d
GLv‡b, avivwUi p–Zg c` = p2 = m2 + 3m
ev, a + (p – 1) d = p2 m = 1 n‡j S1 = 12 + 3 × 1 = 1 + 3 = 4
 a + pd – d = p2 ........................... (i)  avivwUi cÖ_g c` 4
Avevi, avivwUi q–Zg c` = q2 L. ÔKÕ †_‡K, Sm = m2 + 3m
ev, a + (q – 1) d = q2 m = 1 n‡j, S1 = 12 + 3 × 1 = 1 + 3 = 4
 a + qd – d = q2 ............................ (ii) m = 2 n‡j, S2 = 22 + 3 × 2 = 4 + 6 = 10
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, mgxKiY (i) n‡Z (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB, m = 3 n‡j, S3 = 32 + 3 × 3 = 9 + 9 = 18
a + pd – d = p2 m = 4 n‡j, S4 = 42 + 3 × 4 = 16 + 12 = 28
a + qd – d = q2 m = 5 n‡j, S5 = 52 + 3 × 5 = 25 + 15 = 40
(–) (–) (+) (–) avivwUi cÖ_g c` = 4
pd – qd = p 2 – q2 wØZxq c` = S2 – S1 = 10 – 4 = 6
ev, d(p – q) = (p + q) (p – q) Z…Zxq c` = S3 – S2 = 18 – 10 = 8
(p + q) (p – q)
ev, d = (p – q) PZz_© c` = S4 – S3 = 28 – 18 = 10
d=p+q cÂg c` = S5 – S4 = 40 – 28 = 12
ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, mgxKiY (i) G d Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB wb‡Y©q avivwU 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 +
a + p(p + q) – (p + q) = p2 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB,
ev, a + p2 + pq – p – q = p2 avivwU, 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + ..........
ev, a = – p2 – pq + p + q + p2 cÖ_g c`, a = 4
 a = p + q – pq mvaviY AšÍi, d = 6 – 4 = 2
 cÖ_g c` a =- p + q – pq
Ges mvaviY AšÍi d = p + q n
mgvšÍi avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = 2 {2a + (n – 1) d}
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, avivwUi cÖ_g c` a = p + q – pq
x+1
mvaviY AšÍi d = p + q (x + 1) msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = 2 {2a + (x + 1 – 1) d}
GLv‡b, c` msL¨v n = p + q x+1
= (2a + xd)
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì †hvMdj 2
n x+1
= {2a + (n – 1) d} = (2 × 4 + x × 2)
2 2
x+1
 avivwUi cÖ_g (p + q) c‡ì †hvMdj =
2
(8 + 2x)
p+q
S= {2(p + q – pq) + (p + q – 1) (p + q)} =
x+1
× 2(x + 4)
2 2
p+q = (x + 1) (x + 4)
= {2p + 2q – 2pq + p2 + pq – p + pq + q2 – q}
2 = x2 + x + 4x + 4
p+q 2 = x2 + 5x + 4
= (p + p + q + q2) (Ans.)
2 cÖkœg‡Z, x2 + 5x + 4 = 304
œ 18  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g
cÖk- m msL¨K c‡ì mgwó ev, x2 + 5x + 4 – 304 = 0
m(m + 3). ev, x2 + 5x – 300 = 0
K. cÖ_g c` KZ? 2 ev, x2 + 20x – 15x – 300 = 0
L. avivwU wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, x(x + 20) – 15(x + 20) = 0
M. avivwUi (x + 1) c‡ì mgwó 304 n‡j x Gi gvb wbY©q  (x + 20) (x – 15) = 0
Ki| 4 nq, x + 20 = 0 A_ev, x – 15 = 0
ev, x = – 20  x = 15
 18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wKš‘ c` msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr x  – 20
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g m msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, wb‡Y©q gvb x = 15.
Sm = m(m + 3)

œ 19  9 + 7 + 5 +........avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj -144.
cÖk- GLb, mvaviY AšÍi = avivwUi †h‡Kv‡bv c` - Zvi c~e©eZ©x c`
K. avivwUi cÖK…wZ wKiƒc Ges mvaviY AšÍi KZ? 2 = (7 − 9) ev (5 − 7) = −2.
L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 11? 4 Ges †kl c` Aby c w¯’Z|
M. n Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4  cÖ`Ë avivwU GKwU AbšÍ mgvšÍi aviv Ges mvaviY AšÍi − 2. (Ans.)
 19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 9
K. 9 + 7 + 5 + ........... mvaviY AšÍi, d = −2
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zgc` = −11 = 10 + 9  3 = 10 + 27 = 37
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` = a +(n −1)d  avivwUi
`kg c` 37
 a + (n − 1) d = −11
L. mgvšÍi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 10
ev, 9 + (n − 1)(−2) = −11 mvaviY AšÍi = 13 − 10 = 3
ev, (n − 1)(−2) = −11 − 9 g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n-Zg c` 199
ev, (n − 1)(−2) = − 20 Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi n-Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d
 a + (n − 1)d = 199
ev, n − 1 = 10 [Dfqcÿ‡K −2 Øviv fvM K‡i] ev, 10 + (n − 1)3 = 199
ev, n = 10 + 1 ev, 10 + 3n − 3 = 199
 n = 11
ev, 3n + 7 = 199
A_©vr avivwUi 11Zg c` 11.
ev, 3n = 199 − 7
M. Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi c`msL¨v n n‡j,
n
ev, 3n = 192
nmsL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj, Sn = 2 {2a + (n − 1)d} 192
ev, n = 3
 cÖ`Ë mgvšÍi avivi n-msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj,
n
ev, n = 64
Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d}  avivwUi 64-Zg c` 199
2
n M. mgvšÍi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 10
= {2  9 + (n − 1)  (−2)} [ a = 9 Ges d = − 2]
2 mvaviY AšÍi, d = 13 − 10 = 3
n n
= (18 − 2n + 2) = (20 − 2n) Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó,
2 2 n
= n(10 − n) Sn = {2a + (n − 1)d}
2
cÖkœg‡Z, n(10 − n) = −144 n
ev, −n2 + 10n + 144 = 0 kZ©g‡Z, 2{2a + (n − 1)d} = 578
ev, n2 − 10n − 144 = 0 n
ev, 2{2 × 10 + (n − 1) × 3} = 578
ev, n2 − 18n + 8n − 144 = 0
n
ev, n (n − 18) + 8(n − 18) = 0 ev, 2 (20 + 3n − 3) = 578
ev, (n + 8)(n − 18) = 0 n
nq, n + 8 = 0 A_ev, n − 18 = 0 ev, 2 (17 + 3n) = 578
 n = −8  n = 18 ev, 17n + 3n2 = 1156
wKš‘ †Kv‡bv avivi c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| ev, 3n2 + 17n − 1156 = 0
myZivs, n = −8 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| ev, 3n2 − 51n + 68n − 1156 = 0
wb‡Y©q gvb n = 18 ev, 3n(n − 17) + 68(n − 17) = 0
œ 20  10 + 13 + 16 + ..............+ 289 GKwU aviv|
cÖk- ev, (n − 17) (3n + 68) = 0
K. avivwUi `kg c` KZ? 2 nq, n − 17 = 0 A_ev, 3n + 68 = 0
L. avivwUi †Kvb c` 199? 4  n = 17 ev, 3n = − 68
M. cÖ`Ë avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó 578 n‡j, n Gi −68
n=
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 3
[wKš‘ †Kv‡bv avivi c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 20bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  − 68
K. GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 10 myZivs n = 3 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
mvaviY AšÍi, d = 13 − 10 = 3 wb‡Y©q gvb n = 17.
 avivwUi 10g c` = a + (10 − 1)d

œ 21  3 − 5 − 13 − 21 .............−149 GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
cÖk- L. avivwUi nZg c` 59 n‡j n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
K. avivwUi cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 2 M. (2n + 2) msL¨K c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
L. KZ Zg c` −149? 4 DËi : K. (6n − 1); L. 320; M. 1496
M. avivwUi mgwó KZ? 4 œ 23  †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AšÍi d, cÖ_g
cÖk-
DËi : K. 3, −8; L. 20; M. −1460 12 c‡ì mgwó 474 Ges cÖ_g 18 c‡ì mgwó 981|
œ 22  5 + 11 + 17 + 23 + ........+ 59 + ......GKwU mgvšÍi
cÖk- K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
L. cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 4
aviv|
M. avivwUi 20Zg c` KZ? 4
K. avivwUi n-Zg c` wbY©q Ki| 2
12 18
DËi : K. 2 {2a + (12 − 1)d} = 474, 2 {2a + (18 − 1)d} = 981; M. avivwUi cÖ_g GMv‡ivwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
L. a = 12, d = 5; M. 107 DËi : K. a + 7d = 64; L. – 34, 14; M. 396
œ 24  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi 16 Zg c`−20 Ges mvaviY AšÍi
cÖk- œ 30  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g 8wU c‡ì mgwó 56 Ges
cÖk-
4| cÖ_g 20wU c‡ì mgwó 26|
K. avivwUi cÖ_g c` KZ? 2 K. DcwiD³ Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K `yBwU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
L. KZ Zg c` 0? 4 L. avivwUi cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY AšÍi †ei Ki| 4
M. n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj 0 n‡j n Gi gvb KZ? 4
M. avivwU wbY©q Ki Ges cÖ_g 30wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. −80; L. 21; M. 41
7 7 9 11
œ 25  S1 = 1 + 3 + 5 + ..........+ 125;
cÖk- DËi : K. 2a + 19d = 26; L. 2, 1; M. 2 + 2 + 2 + ........., 540
S2 =169 + 171 + 173 +......+209 `yBwU mgvšÍi aviv|
œ 31  29 + 25 + 21 + ............ – 23 – ...........
cÖk-
K. aviv¸‡jvi mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 2
K. avivwUi n–Zg c` KZ 2
L. cÖ_g avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †`LvI †h, aviv `yBwUi mgwó mgvb| 4 L. avivwUi n–Zg c` – 23 n‡j, n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó KZ? 4
DËi : K. 2, 2; L. 3969 M. 2n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó †ei Ki| 4
œ 26  1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + .......... GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
cÖk- DËi : K. 33 – 4n; L. 42; M. – 700
K. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi Ges p Zg c` wbY©q Ki| 2 œ 32  GKwU e¨vUvix PvwjZ †Ljbv Mvwo cÖ_g wgwb‡U 21 wgUvi
cÖk-
L. avivwUi †Kvb c` 99 ? 4 c_ AwZµg K‡i| cieZ©x cÖwZ wgwb‡U 3 wgUvi nv‡i Kg c_
M. avivwUi cÖ_g 100 c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 AwZµg K‡i|
DËi : K. 2, 2p − 1; L. 50; M. 10000 K. MvwowUi AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ avivq cÖKvk Ki‡j avivwUi cÖ_g c`
œ 27  7 + 10 + 13 + ............ GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
cÖk- I mvaviY AšÍi KZ n‡e? 2
K. avivwUi cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi wbY©q Ki| 2 L. MvwowU KZZg wgwb‡U †_‡g hv‡e? 4
L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 304? 4 M. MvwowUi †gvU AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
M. 100Zg c` ch©šÍ avivwUi †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. 21, – 3; L. 8; M. 84 wgUvi
DËi : K. 7, 3; L. 100Zg; M. 15550
œ 33  – 128 – 120 – 112 – .............. – 0 GKwU mgvšÍi
cÖk-
œ 28  Kvgvj 10000 UvKvi GKwU FY wKQz msL¨K wKw¯Í‡Z
cÖk-
aviv|
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z ivRx nb| cÖ‡Z¨K wKw¯Í c~‡e©i wKw¯Íi †P‡q 8 UvKv
K. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi I PZz_© c` wbY©q Ki| 2
†ewk| hw` cÖ_g wKw¯Í 4 UvKv nq Ñ
L. avivwUi KZZg c` 0? 4
K. Kvgv‡ji FY cwi‡kv‡ai avivwU wbY©q Ki| 2
M. avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
L. KZ¸‡jv wKw¯Í‡Z Kvgvj Zvi FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb? 4
DËi : K. 8, 104; L. 17Zg; M. – 1088
M. hw` Kvgvj‡K g~j UvKvi mv‡_ AwZwi³ 25% my` w`‡Z nZ
n–1
Zvn‡j cÖ‡`q my`‡K avivi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk K‡i †gvU my‡ì œ 34  Un = n + 1 GKwU Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c`|
cÖk-
cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 4
K. AbyµgwUi mßg c` KZ? 2
DËi : K. 4 + 12 + 20 + ......; L. 50; M. 1 + 3 + 5 + ....... =
L. cÖ_g mvZwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
2500
M. Vn = (– 1) Un n‡j Vn †K †m‡Ui ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk
n – 1
œ 29  †Kv‡bv mgvšÍi avivi 6 Zg c` 36 Ges 8 Zg c` 64,

cÖk- Ki| 4
cÖ_g c` a Ges mvaviY AšÍi d. 3 499 1 1
K. mgm¨vwU‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i †jL| 2 DËi : K. 4; L. 140; M. {0, – 3, 2, .............}
L. a Ges d Gi gvb KZ? 4

 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó wbY©q
g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó Sn
A_©vr, Sn= 12 + 22 + 32 + .............. + n2
n(n +1)(2n +1)
 Sn = 6
 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó wbY©q
g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó Sn
A_©vr, Sn= 13 + 23 + 33 + .............. + n3
2
 Sn = {n(n2+1)}
 cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Î
n(n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ............. + n =
2
2 2 2 2
n(n +1)(2n +1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + n =
6
n(n +1) 2
13 + 23 + 33 + .... .... + n3 = { 2 }
 ¸‡YvËi aviv
†Kv‡bv avivi †h‡Kv‡bv c` I Gi c~e©eZx© c‡ì AbycvZ me mgq mgvb n‡j A_©vr, †h‡Kv‡bv c`‡K Gi c~e©eZx© c` Øviv fvM K‡i
fvMdj me©`v mgvb cvIqv †M‡j, †m avivwU‡K ¸‡YvËi aviv e‡j| †hgb, 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 avivwUi cÖ_g c` 2, wØZxq c` 4,
4
Z…Zxq c` 8, PZz_© c` 16, cÂg c` 32. GLv‡b, wØZxq c‡ì mv‡_ cÖ_g c‡ì AbycvZ = 2 = 2, Z…Zxq c‡ì mv‡_ wØZxq c‡ì
AbycvZ = 82 = 2, PZz_© c‡ì mv‡_ Z…Zxq c‡ì AbycvZ = 16
8
= 2, cÂg c‡ì mv‡_ PZz_© c‡ì AbycvZ = 32
16
= 2.
 AbšÍ ¸‡YvËi aviv
¸‡YvËi avivi c`msL¨v wbw`©ó bv _vK‡j †mB aviv‡K AbšÍ ¸‡YvËi aviv e‡j| ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c`‡K mvaviYZ a Øviv Ges
mvaviY AbycvZ‡K r Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Zvn‡j msÁvbymv‡i, cÖ_g c` a n‡j, wØZxq c` ar, Z…Zxq c` ar2 BZ¨vw`|
myZivs, avivwU n‡e a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ........
 ¸‡YvËi avivi mvaviY c`
†h‡Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ r, Zvn‡j avivwUi nZg c` = arn−1
 ¸‡YvËi avivi mgwó wbY©q
g‡b Kwi, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ r Ges c` msL¨v n| hw` n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó Sn nq, Zvn‡j
a(1 − rn)
Sn = , hLb r < 1
1−r
a(rn −1)
Sn = , hLb r > 1
(r −1)

cÖkœ \ 1 \ a, b, c I d mgvšÍi avivi PviwU µwgK c` n‡j wb‡Pi †h‡nZz, 1g c`, a = log 2
mvaviY AšÍi, d = log 2
†KvbwU mwVK?  7 Zg c` = log 2 + (7 − 1) log 2 = log 2 + 6log 2 = 7log 2
c+d b+c b+d a+c 7
= log 2 = log 128.
K. b = 2 L. a = 2  c = 2 N. d = 2
cÖkœ \ 5 \ 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 +.......... avivwUi Aóg c` wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ i. a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) ........... avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + ..........
n
c‡ì mgwó = {2a + (n −1)d} GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 64
2 32 1
n(n + 1)(2n +1) Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 64 = 2
ii. 1 + 2 + 3 ... + n =
6  n Zg c` = arn−1
iii. 1 + 3 + 5 + ......... + (2n −1) = n2 7
(1) (12)
8−1
Dc‡ii evK¨¸‡jvi †KvbwU mwVK?  avivwUi Aóg c` = 64. 2 = 64.
K. i I ii  i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 1 1

= 64  = (Ans.)
128 2
wb‡Pi avivwUi wfwË‡Z 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
log 2 + log 4 + log 8 + .............
cÖkœ \ 6 \ 3 + 9 + 27 + ........ avivwUi cÖ_g †PŠÏwU c‡ì mgwó
wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi †KvbwU? mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU 3 + 9 + 27 + ............
K. 2 L. 4  log 2 N. 2log 2 GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 3
cÖkœ \ 4 \ avivwUi 7g c` KZ? 9
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ r = 3 = > 1; c` msL¨v n = 14
K. log 32 L. log 64  log 128 N. log 256
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó,
e¨vL¨v : n Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d
a(rn −1) 2
ev, a
, †hLv‡b r > 1.  22 2 3
Sn =
r−1  =
14  3  9
3 {(3) −1}
 avivwUi cÖ_g †PŠÏwU c‡ì mgwó, S14 = ev, a =
4 2 3
3 −1 9 9
3 14
= (3 − 1) (Ans.) ev, a=
2 3 9
 =
3
2 9 4 2
1
cÖkœ \ 7 \ 128 + 64 + 32 + ........... avivwUi †Kvb c` 2?
 Z…Zxq c` = ar3 –1 = ar2 = 2   
3 2 2
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU, 128 + 64 + 32 + ...........  3

GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 128 =
3 2
 =
3
=
3
=
1
64 1 2 3 3 3. 3 3
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 128 = 2 < 1 1
wb‡Y©q Z„Zxq c`
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi nZg c` = arn−1 3
1 1
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` 2 cÖkœ \ 9 \ , – 1, 2 , ... ... ... avivwUi †Kvb c` 8 2 ?
2
1
 arn−1 = 2 mgvavb :
1
cÖ`Ë avivwU , – 1, 2, .....
2
1 n−1 1 avivwUi †h‡Kv‡bv c` I Zvi c~e©eZx© c‡ì AbycvZ = − 2
()
ev, 128 2 =
2
 GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
1 n−11
ev, (2) = 2  128 avivi cÖ_g c`, a = 1
2
n−1 –1
1 1
ev, (2) = 256 mvaviY AbycvZ, r= 1 =– 2
n−1 8 2
1 1 Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = arn–1
ev, (2) = (2)
ev, n − 1 = 8 g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 8 2
ev, n = 8 + 1 cÖkœg‡Z, arn – 1 = 8 2
1 n–1
n=9 ev, (– 2 ) = 8 2
2
 avivwUi beg c` 12 (Ans.) n–1
ev, (– 2) = 8 2  2
2 3 n–1
cÖkœ \ 8 \ GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÂg c` 9
Ges `kg c` ev, (– 2) = 8  2
n–1
8 2 ev, (– 2) = 16
n‡j, avivwUi Z…Zxq c` wbY©q Ki| n–1 8
81 ev, (– 2) = (– 2)
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` = a ev n – 1 = 8
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ = r n=9
 5 Zg c` = ar5 – 1 = ar4 AZGe, cÖ`Ë avivwUi 9g c` 8 2 (Ans.)
9
Ges 10 Zg c` = ar10 – 1 = ar cÖkœ \ 10 \ 5 + x + y + 135 ¸‡YvËi avivfz³ n‡j, x Ges y Gi
cÖkœg‡Z, gvb wbY©q Ki|
2 3 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU, 5 + x + y + 135 ......... GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
ar4 = ... ... ... ... ... (i)
9
GLv‡b, cÖ_g c`, a = 5
8 2
Ges ar9 = 81 ... ... ... ... ... (ii) awi, mvaviY AbycvZ = r
mgxKiY (ii) †K (i) Øviv fvM Kwi,  PZz_© c`, ar4 – 1 = 135 [cÖkœvbymv‡i]
8 2 ev, 5.r3 = 135
ar9 81 135
= ev, r3 = 5 = 27
ar4 2 3
9 ev, r3 = (3)3
8 2 9 r=3
ev, r9 − 4 = 81  wØZxq c`, ar2 − 1 = x
2 3
4 2  25 ev, ar = x
ev, r5 = = ev, 5  3 = x [ a = 5 Ges r = 3]
9 3  3
2  x = 15
 r= Z…Zxq c`, ar3 − 1 = y
3
mgxKiY (i) G r Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, ev, ar2 = y
ev, 5  32 = y [ a = 5 Ges r = 3]
a.   =
2 4 2 3
 3 9 ev, 5  9 = y
 y = 45
wb‡Y©q x I y Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 15 I 45 1{1 − (−1)2n + 1}
=
1 − (−1)
[gvb ewm‡q]
cÖkœ \ 11 \ 3 + x + y + z + 243 ¸‡YvËi avivfy³ n‡j x, y Ges z 2n
Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 1 − {(−1) .(−1)} 1 + 1 2
= = = =1
1+1 2 2
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë aviv, 3 + x + y + z + 243 GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
GLv‡b, cÖ_g c` a = 3 wb‡Y© q mgwó 1.
awi, mvaviY AbycvZ = r cÖkœ \ 14 \ log 2 + log 4 + log 8 + ....... avivwUi cÖ_g `kwU c‡ì
 cÂg c`, ar 5 − 1 = 243 [cÖkœvbymv‡i] mgwó KZ?
ev, 3.r4 = 243 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, avivwUi mgwó = S10
243  S10 = log 2 + log 4 + log 8 + ...... `kg c` ch©šÍ
ev, r4 = 3 = 81 = log 2 + log 22 + log 23 + ...... `kg c` ch©šÍ
ev, r = (3)
4 4
 cÖ`Ë avivwU wbgœwjwLZfv‡e †jLv hvq,
 r=3 S10 = log 2 + log 22 + log 23 + ... ... + log 210
wØZxq c`, ar2 − 1 = x = log 2 + 2 log 2 + 3 log 2 + ... ... + 10 log 2
ev, 3.r = x [ a = 3] = (1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + 10) log 2
ev, 3.3 = x [ r = 3] 10(10 + 1) n(n + 1)
x = 9
=
2 [
log 2  1 + 2 + 3 + ... +n =
2 ]
Z…Zxq c`, ar3 − 1 = y 10  11
=  log 2 = 55 log 2
ev, 3.32 = y [ a = 3, r = 3] 2
ev, 27 = y wb‡Y©q mgwó 55 log 2.
 y = 27 cÖkœ \ 15 \ log2 + log16 + log512 + .......... avivwUi cÖ_g ev‡ivwU
PZz_© c`, ar4 − 1 = z c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki|
ev, 3.34 − 1 = z [ a = 3, r = 3] mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, avivwUi mgwó = S12
ev, 3.33 = z
 S12 = log 2 + log 16 + log 512 + .......... Øv`k c` ch©šÍ
ev, 3.27 = z
= log 2 + log 24 + log 29 + .......... Øv`k c` ch©šÍ
 z = 81
wb‡Y©q x, y I z Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 9, 27 I 81 = log 2 + 4 log 2+ 9log 2+ ........ Øv`k c` ch©šÍ
= (1 + 4 + 9 + ....... + 12)log 2
cÖkœ \ 12 \ 2 – 4 + 8 – 16 + .......... avivwUi cÖ_g mvZwU c‡ì = (12 + 22 + 32 + 122) log 2
mgwó KZ? 12(12 +1) (2.12 + 1)
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU 2 – 4 + 8 – 16 + .........GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
= { 6 }
log 2
avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 2
–4
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 = – 2 < 1
[ 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + n = n(n + 1)(2n
2 2 2 2
6
+ 1)
]
= (2  13  25) log 2 = 650log 2
c` msL¨v, n = 7 wb‡Y©q mgwó 650log 2
a (1 – rn)
¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó, Sn = 1 – r cÖkœ \ 16 \ 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ........ avivwUi n-msL¨K c‡ì mgwó
2{1 – (– 2)7} 254 n‡j, n Gi gvb KZ?
 mvZwU c‡ì mgwó, S7 = 1 – (– 2) ; r < 1 mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU, 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 +......... GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
2 (1 + 128) 2  129 avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 2
= = 4
1+2 3 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 = 2
= 2  43 = 86 (Ans.)
Ges n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, Sn = 254
cÖkœ \ 13 \ 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 + ......... avivwUi (2n + 1) msL¨K c‡ì mgwó Avgiv Rvwb, GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c‡ì mgwó
wbY©q Ki| a(rn –1)
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë aviv, 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 + .... Sn =
r–1
[hLb r >1]
GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv| cÖkœg‡Z,
avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 1 a(rn –1)
= 254
–1 r–1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = – 1 < 1 n
(2 –1)
c` msL¨v = 2n + 1 ev, 2  2 – 1 = 254 [gvb ewm‡q]
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó, n
ev, 2 – 1= 2
254
a(1 − rn)
Sn = ;r<1 n
ev, 2 – 1= 127
1−r
(1 − r2n + 1) n
ev, 2 = 127 + 1 = 128
 cÖ`Ë avivi 1g (2n + 1) c‡ì mgwó = a 
1−r n
ev, 2 = 27
n=7
wb‡Y©q n Gi gvb 7 ev, n2 + n − 30 = 0
cÖkœ \ 17 \ 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + ........ avivwUi (2n + 2) msL¨K c‡ì ev, n2 + 6n − 5n − 30 = 0
mgwó KZ? ev, n(n + 6) − 5(n + 6) = 0
mgvavb : cÖ`Ë avivwU 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + .......... ev, (n + 6) (n − 5) = 0
GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 2 nq, n + 6 = 0 A_ev, n − 5 = 0
−2
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 = − 1 < 1 [ r < 1] n=−6 n=5
Ges c` msL¨v = 2n + 2 wKš‘ c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 cÖ`Ë avivi (2n + 2) msL¨K c‡ì mgwó  n=5
a(1 − r2n + 2) 2{1 − ( −1)2n + 2} Avgiv Rvwb, n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó
= =
1−r 1 −(−1) n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
Sn =
2(1 −1) 2  0 6
= = = 0 (Ans.) 5(5 + 1) (2 × 5 + 1)
1+1 2
S5 = [  n = 5]
6
cÖkœ \ 18 \ cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó 441 n‡j, 5  6  11
n Gi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges H msL¨v¸‡jvi mgwó wbY©q Ki| =
6
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi = 5  11 = 55
n(n + 1)
2
myZivs n Gi gvb 5 Ges e‡M©i mgwó 55 (Ans.)
mgwó = { 2 } 2 cÖkœ \ 20 \ †`LvI †h, 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ... ... ... + 103
n(n + 1)
cÖkœvbymv‡i, { 2 } = 441 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... ... ... ... + 10)2
2
mgvavb :
n(n + 1) evgc¶ = 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ... ... ... + 103
ev, { 2 } = (21) 2
2
n(n + 1)
ev, 2 = 21 [eM©g~j K‡i] {n (n2+ 1)}
†h‡nZz 13 + 23 + 33 + ... ... + n3 =
2
ev, n(n + 1) = 42 ={
10(10 + 1)
ev, n2 + n = 42
 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ... + 103
2 }
10  11
2
=
ev, n2 + n − 42 = 0
ev, n2 + 7n − 6n − 42 = 0  2 
ev, n(n + 7) − 6(n + 7) = 0 = (5  11)2
= (55)2
ev, (n + 7) (n − 6) = 0 = 3025
nq, n + 7 = 0 A_ev, n − 6 = 0 Wvbc¶ = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... ... ... ... 10)2
n=−7 n=6 n (n + 1)
wKš‘ c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| †h‡nZz 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... ... ... + n = 2
 n=6  1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ... ... ... + 10 =
10 (10 + 1)
n(n + 1) 2
n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, Sn = 2 10  11
6(6 + 1) =
2
 S6 = [ n = 6]
2 = 5  11
67
= = 3  7 = 21 = 55
2
 (1 + 2 + 3 + ............ + 10)2 = (55)2 = 3025
 n Gi gvb 6 Ges mgwó 21
 evgc¶ = Wvbc¶
cÖkœ \ 19 \ cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó 225 n‡j, A_©vr,13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ... ... ... + 103 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
n Gi gvb KZ? H msL¨v¸‡jvi e‡M©i mgwó KZ? ... ... ... ... + 10)2 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi
13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ........ + n3
n(n + 1)
2
cÖkœ \ 21 \ 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ......... + n = 210 n‡j, n Gi gvb
mgwó = { 2 } 2
KZ?
n(n + 1) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
cÖkœvbymv‡i, { 2 } = 225 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ............. + n3
2 = 210
ev, {n(n2+ 1)} = (15) 2 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .................. + n
n (n + 1) 2
ev,
n(n + 1)
= 15 [eM©g~j K‡i] ev,
{ 2 } = 210 [m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i]
2 n (n + 1)
ev, n(n + 1) = 30 2
n2 (n + 1)2 2 ev, r8 − 3 = − 4 2
ev, 4
 n (n + 1) = 210
ev, n (n + 1) = 420 ev, r5 = − 4 2
ev, n2 + n – 420 = 0 ev, r5 = − 2 2 2 2 2
ev, n2 + 21n – 20n – 420 = 0 ev, r5 = (− 2)5
ev, n(n + 21) – 20(n + 21) = 0 r=− 2
ev, (n + 21) (n – 20) = 0 r Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
nq, n + 21 = 0 A_ev, n – 20 = 0 a (− 2)3 =−2
 n = – 21  n = 20 ev, − 2 2a = − 2
wKš‘, n = − 21 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z −2
cv‡i bv| ev, a =
−2 2
 n = 20 1
wb‡Y©q n Gi gvb 20. a=
2
cÖkœ \ 22 \ 1 wgUvi ˆ`N©¨wewkó GKwU †jŠn`Ê‡K 10wU UzKivq  avivwUi 12 Zg c` = ar12 − 1 =
1
 (− 2)11
wef³ Kiv n‡jv hv‡Z UzKiv¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ ¸‡YvËi aviv MVb K‡i| 2
hw` e„nËg UzKivwU ¶z`ªZg UzKivi 10 ¸Y nq, Z‡e ¶z`ªZg −32 2
= = − 32 (Ans.)
UzKivwUi ˆ`‡N©ï gvb Avmbœ wgwjwgUv‡i wbY©q Ki| 2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, cÖ_g UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ = a wgwjwgUvi 1
mvaviY AbycvZ = r M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, 1g c`, a =
2
 e„nËg UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ = ar10 –1 = ar9 mvaviY Aby c vZ, r=− 2
kZ©g‡Z, ar9 = 10a 1 1 1
ev, r9 = 10 wb‡Y©q avivwU +  (− 2) + (− 2)2 + .........
1
2 2 2
1
ev, r = 10 9
= – 1 + 2 ..............
2
 r = 1.29
A_©vr, r > 1 a(1 − r7)
cÖ_g 7 wU c‡ì mgwó, S = 1 − r [  r = −1 < 1]
a(rn – 1)
 avivi mgwó, S = r – 1 1
{1 − (− 2)7}
10 2 1+8 2
a{(1.29) – 1} = =
ev, 1000 = 1.29 – 1 [ 1 wg. = 1000 wg.wg.] 1 −( − 2) 2 (1 + 2)
a{(1.29) – 1}
10 1+8 2 1+8 2 2−1
ev, 1000 = = = 
0.29 2+2 2(1 + 2) 2−1
ev, a{(1.29)10 – 1} = 290 2 + 8.2 − 1 − 8 2 15 − 7 2
ev, a(12.76 − 1) = 290 = =
2(2 − 1) 2
ev, a  11.76 = 290 15 2 − 14 1
290 = = (15 2 − 14) (Ans.)
ev, a = 11.76 = 24.66 2 2
 a = 24.66 wgwjwgUvi (cÖvq) cÖkœ \ 24 \ †Kvb avivi n Zg c` 2n − 4

wb‡Y©q ¶z`ªZg UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ 24.66 wgwjwgUvi (cÖvq)| K. avivwU wbY©q Ki|
L. avivwUi 10Zg c` Ges cÖ_g 20wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 23 \ GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ r,
M. cÖvß avivwUi cÖ_g c`‡K cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY AšÍi‡K
avivwUi 4_© c` − 2 Ges 9g c` 8 2
mvaviY AbycvZ a‡i GKwU bZzb aviv ˆZwi Ki Ges m~Î
K. Dc‡iv³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K `yBwU mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki|
cÖ‡qvM K‡i avivwUi cÖ_g 8 c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki|
L. avivwUi 12 Zg c` wbY©q Ki|
M. avivwU wbY©q K‡i cÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| mgvavb :
mgvavb : K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, †Kv‡bv avivi n Zg c` = 2n − 4
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` = a n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ......... ewm‡q cvB,
mvaviY AbycvZ = r GLb, n = 1 n‡j, 1g c` = 2.1 − 4 = − 2
Avgiv Rvwb, avivwUi n Zg c` = ar n −1 n = 2 n‡j, 2q c` = 2.2 − 4 = 0
cÖkœvbymv‡i, PZz_© c`, a = − 2 ev, ar = − 2........... (i)
4 − 1 3 n = 3 n‡j, 3q c` = 2.3 − 4 = 2
9g c`, ar9 −1 = 8 2, ev, ar8 = 8 2, ....... (ii) n = 4 n‡j, 4_© c` = 2.4 − 4 = 4
L. mgxKiY (ii) †K (i) Øviv fvM K‡i cvB, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
ar8 8 2
=
ar3 −2 wb‡Y©q avivwU − 2 + 0 + 2 + 4 + ........... + (2n – 4)
L. GLv‡b, avivwUi 1g c` = − 2
mvaviY AšÍi = 0 − ( − 2) = 0 + 2 = 2 = ( − 2)  22
 10g c` = −2 + (10 −1)2 = −2 + 9  2 = − 2 + 18 = 16 =−8
20
4_© c` = (− 2)24−1
 avivwUi cÖ_g 20wU c‡ì mgwó, S20 = {2( − 2) + (20 − 1)2} = (− 2)  23
2
= 10 (− 4 + 38) = − 16
= 10  34 wb‡Y©q bZzb avivwU = − 2 − 4 − 8 − 16 – ..........
− 2(28 −1)
= 340 (Ans.)  avivwUi cÖ_g 8 c‡ì mgwó S8 = 2−1
M. awi, avivwUi, 1g c`, a = − 2
Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 [  r = 2 > 1]
− 2(256 −1)
Zvn‡j avivwU n‡e GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv hvi =
1
n Zg c` = arn−1 = − 2  255
 2q c` = ( − 2)22−1 = − 510
= ( − 2)  2 myZivs avivwU, − 2 − 4 − 8 − 16 – ......... Ges mgwó − 510
=−4
3q c` = ( − 2) 23 −1

¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ 2 n‡j avivwUi 5. 3 + a + b + 81 ¸‡YvËi avivfz³ n‡j, b Gi gvb KZ?
1
1.
K 9 L 12 M 18  27
PZz_© c`− wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1 1 6 + m + n + 162 ¸‡YvËi avivfz³|
K  M 1 N 4
16 4 6. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ?
2.  3 L 6 M 12 N 27
P 7. (n − m) Gi gvb †KvbwU?
9 †m.wg.
K 18  36 M 12 N 27
h †m.wg.
8. 2 + 4 + 8 + ......... avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj 126 Gi
30
Q R gvb KZ?
Dc‡ii wP‡Î h Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K 2  6 M 14 N 42
 4.5 †m.wg. L 6.3 †m.wg. 9. 4 + 8 + 16 + ..... avivwUi mvaviY c` KZ?
M 7.8 †m.wg. N 9.5 †m.wg. K 2n − 1  2n + 1 M 8n − 1 N 8n + 1
1 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
3. , − 1, 2 avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? 1 1
2 1 + + + ................
3 9
1
 − 2 L −1 M − N 2 10. avivwUi 7g c` KZ?
2
1 1 1
4. cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó wb‡Pi 
729
L
243
M 1
81
N −3
†KvbwU? 11. avivwUi 1g 8wU c‡ì mgwó KZ?
n2(n + 1)2 (n + 1)3 364 1093 3280 6560
 Sn = L Sn = K L  N
4 8 243 729 2187 6561
n(n + 1) (2n + 1) n
M Sn = N Sn = {2a + (n − 1) d}
6 2

2
cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó wbY©q M Sn = {n(n + 1)
2 } n
N Sn = {2a + (n–1)d}
2
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 13. 12 + 22 + 32 + ...........+ 92 = KZ? (ga¨g)
K 55 L 120  285 N 325
12. cÖ_g n-msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i mgwó wbY©‡qi m~Î e¨vL¨v : Sn =
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
†KvbwU? (mnR) 6
9(9 + 1)(2  9 + 1) 9  10  19
n(n + 1) n(n + 1) (2n + 1) ev, S9 = 6
=
6
= 285
K Sn =  Sn =
2 6
12 + 22 + 32 + ...... + n2 390 23. cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó Sn n‡j−
14. 1 + 2 + 3 + ............+ n = 30 n‡j n Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
i. Sn = 13 + 23 + 33 + .........+ n3
K 17 L 18  19 N 21
1 ii. Sn = (1 + 2 + 3 + ............. + n)3
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6 390 2
e¨vL¨v : n(n + 1)
2
=
30
ev, 2n + 1= 39 ev, n = 19 iii. Sn = {n(n2+ 1)}
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
15.
12 + 22 + 32 + .........+ n2
= 11 n‡j− 24. cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó 441 n‡j−
1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + n i. 1 + 2 + 3 + ............ + n = 21
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
i. = 11 ii. n(n + 1) = 42
3n(n + 1)
n2 + n
ii. 2n + 1 = 33 iii. = 21
2
iii. n = 17
2 2 2 2
1 + 2 + 3 + .........+ n
e¨vL¨v : 1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + n
= 11
1
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 25 I 26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
6
ev, n(n + 1)
= 11 ev, 2n + 1 = 33 ev, n = 16 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó 225|
2 25. n Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 5 L6 M7 N8
n(n + 1) 2 n(n + 1)
e¨vL¨v :{ 2 } = 225, ev,
2
= 15 ev, n(n + 1) = 30
log2 + log16 + log512 + .............GKwU aviv| ev, n + n − 30 = 0 ev, (n − 5)(n + 6) = 0  n = 5, − 6.

2
16. avivwU †_‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb avivwU cvIqv hvq? (ga¨g) 26. msL¨v¸‡jvi e‡M©i mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
K 1 + 4 + 7 + ......... L 1 + 4 + 6 + ......... K 45  55 M 60 N 146
M 1 + 4 + 5 + .........  1 + 22 + 32 + ......... 1
e¨vL¨v : 1 + 2 + 3 + ........ + n = 6 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
2 2 2 2
e¨vL¨v : log 2 + log 24 + log 29 + ...............

1
= log 2 + 4log 2 + 9log 2 +...... = (1 + 4 + 9 + .....) log 2. =  5  6  11 = 55
6
17. avivwUi 12 Zg c` †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 121 L 144  144log2 N 121log2 ¸‡YvËi aviv
18. avivwUi 10 c‡ì mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
K 3900log2 L 651log2  385log2 N 380log2 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
e¨vL¨v : (12 + 22 + 32 + ........+ 122)log2
1 27. †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi c`¸‡jvi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
= { .10(10 + 1)(2  10 + 1)} log2 = 385 log2
6  AbycvZ mgvb L we‡qvMdj mgvb
cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó wbY©q M ¯^vfvweK msL¨v N Nb AbycvZ
28. a + 2ar + 4ar2 +...... avivwU mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi Kr  2r M 4r N 2r2
19. cÖ_g n -msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó wbY©‡qi m~Î 29. –2, 4, – 8, 16,......¸‡YvËi avivi mvaviY AbycvZ wb‡Pi
†KvbwU? (mnR)
†KvbwU? (mnR)
K7 L4 M3  –2
n n(n + 1) 4
K Sn = {2a + (n–1)d} L Sn = e¨vL¨v : mvaviY AbycvZ = = −2.
2 2 −2
n(n + 1) (2n + 1) n(n + 1) 2 30. 128 + 64 + 32 +........ avivwUi cieZ©x c` KZ?
M Sn =
6
 Sn =
2 { } K 18  16 M 14 N 12
(mnR)
20. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .........+ 10 = KZ?

3 3 3 3 3 (ga¨g) 1 1
e¨vL¨v : mvaviY AbycvZ = 2  cieZ©x c` = 32  2 = 16
K 3015  3025 M 3035 N 3045
2
e¨vL¨v : 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 + ......+ 103 = {10(102 + 1)} enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
2
= (5  11) = 3025 31. GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi−
21. 13 + 23 + 33 + .........avivwUi n Zg c` KZ? (mnR) i. mvaviY AbycvZ mgvb
K 2n + 1 L n2  n3 N 2n(n2 + 1)
ii. c`msL¨v wbw`©ó bv _vK‡j G‡K AbšÍ ¸‡YvËi aviv
22. 13 + 23 + 33 + ......+ 303 avivwUi `kg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e‡j
K 100  1000 M 1100 N 1200
iii. cÖ_g c`‡K mvaviYZ a Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
Ki I ii I iii
Li M ii I iii  i, ii I iii e¨vL¨v : ar2 = 1.(2)2 = 4
32. a + a2 + ar2 + ar3 ¸‡YvËi avivfz³ n‡j− 42. 16 − 8 + 4 − 2 +.....avivwUi 7g c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
i. a ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 1 1 1 1
 L− M− N
4 4 2 2
ii. r avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ
iii. avivwUi cÂg c` ar5
43. − 2 + 2 − 2 + ........ avivwUi 11Zg c` wb‡Pi
†KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii − 2 L 2 M0 N2
4
33. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : 44. −12 + 4 − 3 + ........ avivwUi 6ô c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
1
i. 3 –1+ .. GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv 4 1 1 2
3  L− M N−
81 81 81 81
ii. 1+ 3 + 5 + 7 GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv 1 1
iii. 6 + 12 + 24 + ....GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv 45. 1 + + + ........ avivwUi
2 4
cÂg c` KZ? (ga¨g)
K
1
L
1

1
N
1
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 4 8 16 32
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi (1) = 161

e¨vL¨v : 5g c` = ar5 − 1 = 1  2
4
46. †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a I mvaviY AbycvZ q n‡j

cÂg c` KZ? (mnR)
6 + 18 + x + y + 486 ¸‡YvËi avivfz³|
K ar3  ar4 M ar5 N ar6
34. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? (mnR) 3 2
1 47. GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ
K L2 3 N4 3
2
18
n‡j, avivwUi Z…Zxq c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : mvaviY AbycvZ r = 6 = 3. 1 1
K 3  M N 2
35. x Gi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 3 2
K 48  54 M 64 N 184 3  22
e¨vL¨v : avivwUi Z…Zxq c` = ar3−1 = ar2 = 2
e¨vL¨v : x = avivwUi 3q c` = ar 3 − 1 = 6  33 − 1 = 6  32 = 54  3
36. y Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g) 3 2
= . =
3 1
=
 162 L 184 M 354 N 481 2 3 3 3
e¨vL¨v : y = avivwUi 4_© c` = ar 4 − 1 = 6  33 = 162 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
¸‡YvËi avivi mvaviY c`
48. a + ar + ar2 + ar3 +.......GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv n‡j−
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. a ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c`
ii. r ¸‡YvËi avivi mvaviY c`
37. GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ r n‡j,
iii. ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` arn−1
avivwUi n Zg c` KZ? (mnR)
K arn L ar2  arn − 1 N arn + 1
38. ¸‡YvËi avivi mvaviY c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 1
K cÖ_g c` L mvaviY AbycvZ 49. GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 1, mvaviY AbycvZ 3 n‡j−
 n Zg c` N †kl c` 1 1
i. avivi Z…Zxq c` ii. avivwUi cÂg c` 81
39. 4 + 12 + 36 +........ avivi Aóg c` KZ? (ga¨g) 9
1 1
 8748 L 5392 M 4537 N 3257 iii. avivwU n‡e 1 + + + ...........
e¨vL¨v : 1g c` a = 4. 3 9
12 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
mvaviY AbycvZ r = 4 = 3 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 avivwUi 8Zg c` = 4  38−1 = 4  37 = 8748 50. ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 1 n‡j−
40. 6 + 12 + 24 + ........+ 384 ¸‡YvËi avivwU‡Z KqwU c` i. mvaviY c` rn – 1 ii. cÂg c` r4
i‡q‡Q? (ga¨g) iii. `kg c` 2r 10
7 L8 M 10 N 12 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)

e¨vL¨v : arn−1 = 384 ev, 6.(2)n − 1 = 384  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
n−1 n−1
ev, 2 = 64 ev, 2 = 2 6
ev, n − 1 = 6  n = 7 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

41. †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 1, mvaviY AbycvZ 2, Z…Zxq
c‡ì gvb KZ? (KwVb)
1 1
GKwU avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ r
4 L1 M
2
N
4 51. avivwUi PZz_© c` −2 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
a(rn−1 − 1) a(rn − 1)
 ar3 = −2 L = −2 i. ¸‡YvËi avivi n c‡ì mgwó r − 1 ; [r > 1]
r−1
a(1 − rn−1) a(1 − rn)
M ar4 − 2 N = −2 ii. ¸‡YvËi avivi n c‡ì mgwó 1 − r ; [r < 1]
1−r
52. beg c` 8 2 n‡j r = ? (KwVb) iii. 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + ........ ¸‡YvËi avivi (2n + 1) c‡ì mgwó − 1
K 2 − 2 M2 N −2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : ar9−1 = 8 2 ev, ar8 = 8 2  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

ar8 8 2
=
ar3 −2
ev, r2 = − 4 2 = (− 2)5 ev, r = − 2 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
53. 14 Zg c` wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K −27 L 27 M −26  26 1 1
1+ + + ...........
1 3 9
e¨vL¨v : 14 Zg c` = arn−1 = . ( 2)13 = 26
2 63. avivwUi lô I mßg c‡ì †hvMdj KZ? (KwVb)
2 4 3 7
K  M N
¸‡YvËi avivi mgwó wbY©q 729 729 243 729
1 5 1
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi ()
e¨vL¨v : lôc` = ar6−1 = 1. 3 = 35
1 6 1
54. ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ r > 1 n‡j, mgwó
wbY©‡qi m~Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
 mßg c` = ar7−1 = 1. ()
3
= 6
3
1 1 1 1 4 4
K
a(rn −1)
L
a(rn −1)

a(rn −1)
N
a(1 − rn) ( )
 †hvMdj = 35 + 36 = 35 1 + 3 = 3.35 = 729
1−r 1+r r−1 1−r 64. avivwUi cÖ_g cuvPwU c‡ì mgwó KZ? (KwVb)
55. ¸‡YvËi avivi mvaviY AbycvZ r < 1 n‡j, mgwó wbY©‡qi m~Î 1 81 119 121
K L M 
wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 121 121 81 81
1
a(rn −1) n e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, a = 1, r = 3 < 1, n = 5
K L (2a + (n − 1)d}
1−r 2 5
1
M
a(rn +1)
1+r

a(1 − rn)
1−r  mgwó = S =
a(1 − rn)
=
1
{ ()} 1−
3
=
1−
1
243
1−r 1 2
56. 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + ......... avivwUi `kwU c‡ì mgwó KZ? (ga¨g) 1−
3 3
K −1 0 M1 N2 242
57. GKwU avivi cÖ_g c` 3 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ −1 n‡j 2n 243 242 3 121
= 2 =  = .
243 2 81
msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj KZ? (ga¨g) 3
K 3 L1 0 N− 3  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 65 − 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
e¨vL¨v : avivwU 3 − 3 + 3 − 3 + ........... 1 1 1 1
†Rvo msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj = 0, we‡Rvo msL¨vi c‡ì †hvMdj = 3.
1+ + +
2 22 23
+ ... + 7
2
GKwU aviv|
1 1 1 1 65. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
58. + + + +......... avivi cÖ_g wZbwU c‡ì †hvMdj KZ? (ga¨g)
2 4 8 16 1 1
 L
7 6 5 1 2 3
 L M N 1
8 8 8 8
M N2
59. 3 − 3 + 3 − 3 +......... avivwUi (2n + 1) Zg c‡ì mgwó 4
KZ? 66. avivwUi lô c` KZ? (ga¨g)
K −3 3 M2 N0 1 1
K 
60. cÖ_g c` = 5 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ = 1 n‡j 10wU c‡ì 10 32
1 2
†hvMdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) M
20
N
7
K5 L 15 M 45  50
e¨vL¨v : S = 5  10 = 50 [ r = 1] 67. avivwUi 3wU c‡ì mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
7 3 7
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K
3
L
2

4
N1
61. †Kv‡bv avivi 8wU c‡ì mgwó 5  (16 − 1) n‡j−  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 68 − 70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. avivwUi cÖ_g c` 16 4 − 4 + 4 − 4 + ..........GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
ii. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ 2 68. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. avivwUi 10wU c‡ì mgwó 155 K0  −1 M1 N2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) 69. avivwUi 2n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 0 L2 M3 N4
62. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 70. avivwUi (2n + 1) msL¨K c‡ì mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
K2 L3 4 N6

1 n(n + 1)
71. , −1, 3 .........Gi cieZ©x c`wU Kx n‡e? ii. e‡M©i mgwó = 6
3
n2(n + 1)2
K −3 3 L3 3 M 3  −3 iii.
N‡bi mgwó = 4
72. ¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` 2, mvaviY AbycvZ 2 n‡j, 1g cuvPwU
c‡ì mgwó KZ?
 62 L 30 M −30 N −62
73. x + y + z + w + ........... avivwU ¸‡YvËi avivfz³ n‡j, wb‡Pi 80. 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + .......... avivwUi−
†KvbwU mwVK? i. 2n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó 1
y w ii. 2n + 1 msL¨K c‡ì mgwó 1
 = L y−x=w−z iii. c`msL¨v Amxg
x z
M =
x w
N x−y=z−w
y z K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
74. x + y + z + ........... ¸‡YvËi avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? 81. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
z a(qn−1)
Kx Ly Mz  i. Sn = [q > 1]
y q−1
75. †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 1, mvaviY AbycvZ 2, Z…Zxq a(1 − q )
n
c‡ì gvb KZ? ii. Sn = [q = 1]

q−1
1 1 a(1 − q )
n
K L M1 4 iii. Sn = [q < 1]
4 2 1−q
76. 3 + x + y + 24 ¸‡YvËi aviv n‡j (x, y) = ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K (4, 8) L (10, 15)  (6, 12) N (9, 18) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
77. 2, − 4, 8, −16, .......... AbyµgwUi c‡ii c`wU KZ?  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 82 I 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K −32 L 16 M 24  32 log3 + log9 + log 27 + .............
78. 12 + 22 + 32 +......... + 102 = KZ? 82. avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 55 L 110  385 N 3025  log3 L log9 M 2 log 3 N 3 log 3
79. n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi− 83. avivwUi 10 Zg c` KZ?
n(n + 1) K log 1000 L log 900 M log 72900  log 59049
i. mgwó = 2
G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš ^Z A wZ wi ³ e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi I ii
Ki L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
84. i. 2a + d + (2a + 2d) + (3a + 3d) + ..... avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi 87. i. mgvšÍi avivi †ÿ‡Î mvaviY AšÍi abvZ¥K ev FYvZ¥K
d n‡Z cv‡i
ii. mgvšÍi avivi 15wU c‡ì mgwó 225 n‡j Aóg c`wU ii. 2n+1 + 2n+2 + 2n+3 + ....... GKwU mgvšÍi aviv = n2 + n
15 iii. †Kv‡bv avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó n(2n + 1) n‡j 1g
n
iii. mgvšÍi avivi n msL¨vK c‡ì mgwó (1g c` + †kl c`) 2wU c‡ì mgwó 10
2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
85. i. 1g n msL¨K we‡Rvo msL¨vK c‡ì mgwó n2
ii. 2(1 + 2 + 3 + .......n msL¨K c`) = n2 + n Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii. 1g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó 10 n‡j n + n − 20 = 0
2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) GKwU mgvšÍi avivi 12 Zg c` 77
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii 88. cÖ`Ë c` a I mvaviY AšÍi d n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
86. i. mgvšÍi avivi †ÿ‡Î c` msL¨v abvZ¥K c~Y©msL¨v  a + 11d = 77 L 11d + a = 77
M a + 10d = 77 N 10d + a = 77
ii. 1g c` a I mvaviY AšÍi d n‡j mgvšÍi avivi 4_© c` 89. avivwUi cÖ_g 23wU c‡ì †hvMdj KZ? (ga¨g)
(a + 3d) K 1372  1771 M 2129 N 2379
iii. 3 + 7 + 11 = ..... avivwUi 5g c` 19 90. avivwUi cÖ_g c` 11 n‡j mvaviY AšÍi KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K4 L5 6 N7
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 91 I 92 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K ar3  ar4 M ar5 N ar6
GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ 92. avivwUi 1g 4wU c‡ì mgwó KZ?
r avivwUi cÂg c` = a + 12r − 12 a(r4 − 1) a(r4 − 1) a(r5 − 1) a(r4 − 1)
 L M N
91. avivwUi cÂg c` KZ? r−1 r2 − 1 r−1 r+1

œ 1  log 3 + 1og 9 + log 27 + 
cÖk- L K Ask †_‡K cÖvß mgxKi‡Yi (ii) bs †K (i) bs Øviv fvM K‡i
K. Bnv †Kvb ai‡bi aviv? 2 cvB,
L. avivi cÂg I `kg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 ar10 81 3
=
M. avivi cÖ_g eviwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 ar7 − 27
ev, r = q10 − 7 = − 3 3
3
ev, r3 = − 3 3
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, log 3 + log 9 + log 27 + .......... ev, r3 = (− 3)3
= log 3 + log 32 + log 33 + ...........
= log 3 + 2 log 3 + 3 log 3 + ........... r=− 3
GLv‡b, cÖ_g c` = log 3 GLb r Gi gvb (ii) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
wØZxq c` = 2 log 3 a (− 3)10 = 81 3
Z…Zxq c` = 3 log 3 ev, a ( 3)10 = 81 3
GLv‡b, wØZxq c` − cÖ_g c` = 2 log 3 − log 3 = log 3 ev, a =
81 3 ( 3)9
=
Z…Zxq c` − wØZxq c` = 3 log 3 − 2 log 3 = log 3 ( 3)10 ( 3)10
1
∴ avivwU mgvšÍi aviv. (Ans.) a=
3
L. cÖ`Ë avivi cÖ_g c`, a = log 3 avivwUi 14 Zg c` = ar14 − 1E, ar13
mvaviY AšÍi, d = log 3 1 (−3)13
Avgiv Rvwb, =
3
(− 3)13 =
3
mgvšÍi avivi n Zg c` = a + (n − 1)d. = − 729 (Ans.)
∴ avivwUi cÂg (n = 5) c` = log 3 + (5 − 1) log 3 M ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß, a = 3 Ges r = 3 < 1
= log 3 + 4 log 3 a(1 − r10)
= 5 log 3. (Ans.)  avivwUi 1g 10wU c‡ì mgwó, S10 = 1 − r
Avevi, avivwUi `kg (n = 10) c` = log 3 + (10 − 1) log 3 3 {1 − (− 3)10}
= log 3 + 9 log 3 =
= 10 log 3. (Ans.) 1 − (− 3)
M. Avgiv Rvwb, 3 (1 − ( 3)10)
=
n 1+ 3
mgvšÍi avivi cÖ_g nZg c‡ì mgwó Sn = 2 {2a + (n − 1) = − 153.421
d}
∴ avivwUi cÖ_g ev‡ivwU (n = 12) c‡ì mgwó œ 3  6 + x + y + z + 96 + .............. GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
cÖk-
S12
12
= {2 log 3 + (12 − 1) log 3}
K. mgvšÍi aviv I Abyµg Gi g‡a¨ `yBwU cv_©K¨ wjL| 2
2 L. x, y Ges z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
= 6{(2 log 3 + 11 log 3}
= 6  13 log 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki avivwU †jL| avivwUi cÖ_g n msL¨K
= 78 log 3 (Ans.) c‡ì mgwó 3066 n‡j, n Gi gvb KZ? 4
œ 2  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi
cÖk- Aóg c` −27 Ges GKv`k c`  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
81 3
K wb‡¤œ mgvšÍi aviv I Abyµg Gi g‡a¨ `yBwU cv_©K¨ D‡jøL
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jv mgxKiY AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 Kiv n‡jv :
L. avivwUi 14 Zg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 mgvšÍi aviv Abyµg
M. avivwUi cÖ_g `kwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 1| †Kv‡bv avivi †h‡Kv‡bv 1| KZK¸‡jv ivwk‡K hw`
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  c` I Zvi c~e©eZ©x c‡ì we‡kl wbq‡g mvRv‡bv
K g‡b Kwi, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` = a cv_©K¨ memgq mgvb nq †hb Zv‡ì c~e©c`
mvaviY AbycvZ = r nq, Zv‡K mgvšÍi aviv Ic‡ii c‡ì ga¨Kvi
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = arn − 1 e‡j| m¤úK© Rvbv hvq Zvn‡j
kZ©vbymv‡i, ¸‡YvËi avivi Aóg c` = ar8 − 1 Zv‡K Abyµg e‡j|
 ar7 = − 27 .................... (i) 2| mgvšÍi avivi c`¸‡jv 2| Abyµ‡gi c`¸‡jv
Ges ¸‡YvËi avivi GKv`k c` = ar10 = 81 3 ............... (ii) ci¯úi MvwYwZK †hvM ev †Kv‡bviƒc MvwYwZK
we‡qvM wPý Øviv hy³ wPý Øviv hy³ _v‡K bv| mgxKiY (i) n‡Z (ii) we‡qvM K‡i cvB,
_v‡K| a + 12d = 64
a + 6d = 34
L †Ìqv Av‡Q, 6 + x + y + z + 96 + ................ (–) (–) (–)
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = k 6d = 30
GLb, ¸‡YvËi aviv kZ©vbymv‡i 5
30
x y z 96
= = = =k ev, d = 6
d=5
6 x y z
 x = 6k d–Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q cvB,
y = xk a + 6.5 = 34
z = yk ev, a + 30 = 34
96 = zk ev, a = 34 – 30  a = 4
ev, 96 = yk.k = yk2  avivwUi cÖ_g c` 4 Ges mvaviY AšÍi 5.
ev, 96 = xk.k2 = xk3
 avivwUi wØZxq c` = 4 + (2 – 1)5 = 4 + 5 = 9
ev, 96 = 6k.k3
" Z…Zxq Ó = 4 + (3 – 1)5 = 4 + 10 = 14
ev, 96 = 6k4
" PZz_© Ó = 4 + (4 – 1)5 = 4 + 15 = 19
ev, k4 = 16 ...........................................................................
ev, k = 2 ...........................................................................
 x = 6  2 = 12  avivwU 4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + ..................... (Ans.)
y = 12  2 = 24
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi 5
z = 24  2 = 48
x, y I z Gi gvb h_vµ‡g 12, 24 I 48 (Ans.) GLb, mvaviY AšÍi‡K mvaviY AbycvZ we‡ePbv Ki‡j,
Avgiv cvB, r = 5  1
M DÏxc‡Ki avivwU n‡jv 6 + x + y + z + 96 + .............
a(r7 – 1) 4(57 – 1)
avivwU‡Z ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß x, y I z Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,  cÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó S7 = (r – 1) = 5 – 1
6 + 12 + 24 + 48 + 96 + ............... 4(78425 – 1)
avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 > 1 =
4
cÖ_g AbycvZ, a = 6 = 78124 (Ans.)
a(rn − 1) 1
 n Zg c‡ì mgwó, Sn = ,r>1 œ 5
cÖk- , – 1, 2 ... ... ... ... ...
r−1 2
6(2 − 1)
n
ev, 3066 = 2 − 1 K. ¸‡YvËi aviv Kv‡K e‡j D`vniYmn wjL| 2
ev, 3066 = 6(2n − 1) L. avivwUi †Kvb c` 16 2? wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 2n − 1 = 511 M. avivwUi cÖ_g eviwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 2n = 512  5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, 2n = 29 K. †Kv‡bv avivi †h‡Kv‡bv c` I Gi c~e©eZ©x c‡ì AbycvZ me
 n = 9 (Ans.) mgq mgvb n‡j A_©vr †h‡Kv‡bv c`‡K Gi c~e©eZ©x c` Øviv fvM
Ki‡j fvMdj me©`v mgvb cvIqv †M‡j †m avivwU‡K ¸‡YvËi
œ 4  GKwU mgvšÍi avivi 7-Zg c` 34 Ges 13-Zg c` 64,
cÖk- aviv e‡j| †hgb : 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ..........
cÖ_g c` a Ges mvaviY AšÍi d we‡ePbv Kiv n‡jv| 1
L. , – 1, 2 ... ... ... ... ...
K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 2
L. avivwU wbY©q Ki| 4 GLv‡b,
M. cÖvß avivwUi mvaviY AšÍi‡K mvaviY AbycvZ avivwUi 1g c`, a =
1
we‡ePbv K‡i, cÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 2
1
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  mvaviY AbycvZ, r = – 1  = − 1 × 2 = – 2
2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, Avgiv Rvwb, n–Zg c` = arn – 1
mgvšÍi avivi 7-Zg c` 34 Ges 13-Zg c` 64 g‡b Kwi, n–Zg c` = 16 2
avivwUi 1g c` a Ges mvaviY AšÍi d cÖkœg‡Z, arn – 1 = 16 2
n–1
Avgiv Rvwb, mgvšÍi avivi nZg c` = a + (n – 1) d ev,
1
× (– 2) = 16 2
 cÖkœvbymv‡i, a + (7 – 1) d = 34 2
n–1
 a + 6d = 34 ............ (i) ev, (– 2) = 32
n–1 10
Ges a + (13 – 1) d = 64 ev, (– 2) = (– 2)
 a + 12d = 64 .......... (ii) ev, n – 1 = 10
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB,a + 6d = 34 ............. (i)  n = 11
Ges a + 12d = 64 ........... (ii)  avivwUi 11–Zg c‡ì gvb 16 2
M. a =
1
, r = – 2 [ r  1]
K. iwb mv‡n‡ei MvQ jvMv‡bv avivq cÖKvk Ki| 2
2 L. iwb mv‡ne †Kvb w`‡b 128wU MvQ jvMv‡e? 4
Avgiv Rvwb, avivwUi cÖ_g n c‡ì mgwó M. KZ w`‡b iwb mv‡ne †gvU 102wU MvQ jvMv‡e? 4
a(1 – rn)  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
=
1–r
1 12 K. 1g w`b MvQ jvMvb 2wU
2
{ 1 – (– 2) }
2q w`b MvQ jvMvb 4wU
= [ n = 12] 3q w`b MvQ jvMvb 8wU
1 – (– 2 )
1  wb‡Y©q aviv 2 + 4 + 8 + .................
(1 – 64)
2 – 63 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß 2 + 4 + 8 + ...................
= = avivwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
1+ 2 2 (1 + 2)
– 63 – 63 (2 – 2) 63( 2 – 2)
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 2
=
2+ 2
=
4–2
=
2
(Ans.) avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2
g‡b Kwi, n Zg c` = 128
cÖkœ-6  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi 6ô c` 96 Ges `kg c` 1536. Avgiv Rvwb,
K. 1g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ q a‡i Z_¨wU‡K 2wU n Zg c` = arn – 1
mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2  kZ©g‡Z, arn – 1 = 128
L. avivwUi Aóg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, 2.2n – 1 = 128
M. avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj 3069 n‡j n Gi ev, 2n – 1 = 64
gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, 2n – 1 = 26
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, n – 1 = 6
 n=6+1=7
K. awi, avivwUi 1g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ q
7g w`b| (Ans.)
6ô c` = aq6 – 1 = aq5
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß
10g c`= aq10 – 1 = aq9
avivwUi 1g c` a = 2
cÖkœg‡Z, aq5 = 96 .............. (i)
aq9 = 1536 ......... (ii) avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ r = 2
L. (ii) bs †K (i) bs Øviv fvM K‡i cvB, g‡b Kwi, n Zg c‡ì mgwó = 1022
9
aq 1536 a(rn – 1)
5 = Avgiv Rvwb, n Zg c‡ì mgwó =
r–1
aq 96
ev, q9 – 5 = 16 a(rn – 1)
cÖkœg‡Z, r – 1 = 1022
ev, q4 = 24
ev, 2(2n – 1) = 1022
 q=2 ev, 2n – 1 = 511
(i) bs G q Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
a.25 = 96
ev, 2n = 512
96 ev, 2n = 29
ev, a = 32 n=9
 a=3  iwb mv‡ne 9 w`‡b 1022wU MvQ jvMv‡eb| (Ans.)
GLb, avivwUi Aóg c` = aq8 – 1 = 3 × 27 = 3 × 128 = 384 (Ans.)
œ 8  3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + .................
cÖk-
M. 1g c` a = 3
mvaviY AbycvZ q = 2 K. cÖ`Ë avivwUi †Kvb c` 303? 2
n msL¨K c‡ì †hvMdj Sn = 3069 L. cÖ`Ë avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó 323 n‡j n Gi
qn – 1 gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
GLb, Sn = a . q – 1 M. avivwU ¸‡YvËi avivfz³ n‡j Gi 4_© c‡ì gvb nq
2n – 1 192| ¸‡YvËi avivi 2q I 3q c‡ì gvb wbY©q
ev, 3069 = 3 . 2 – 1
K‡i Gi cÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, 1023 = 2n – 1  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, 2n –1 = 1023
ev, 2n = 1023 + 1 K. GLv‡b, cÖ_g c`, a = 3
ev, 2n = 1024 mvaviY AšÍi, d = wØZxq c` Ñ cÖ_g c` = 5 – 3 = 2
ev, 2n = 210 Bnv GKwU mgvšÍi aviv|
 n = 10 (Ans.) g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n-Zg c` = 303
œ 7  iwb mv‡ne GKwU evMvb Kivi Rb¨ wKQz MvQ jvMv‡e| †m
cÖk- ev, a + (n – 1) d = 303
ev, 3 + (n – 1) × 2 = 303
wVK Kij †h cÖ_g w`‡b 2wU, wØZxq w`‡b 4wU Gfv‡e cieZ©x
w`b¸‡jv‡Z c~‡e©i w`‡bi wØ¸Y nv‡i MvQ jvMv‡e| ev, 3 + 2n – 2 = 303
ev, 1 + 2n = 303
ev, 2n = 303 – 1
ev, 2n = 302 n = 1 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.1 – 2 = 2
 n = 151 n = 2 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.2 – 2 = 6
avivwUi 151Zg c` 303. (Ans.) n = 3 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.3 – 2 = 10
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, cÖ_g c` a = 3 Ges mvaviY AšÍi, d = 2 n = 4 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.4 – 2 = 14
GLv‡b, n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, Sn = 323 n = n n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.n – 2 = 4n – 2
n
ev, 2{2a + (n – 1) d} = 323 AbyµgwU n‡jv 2, 6, 10, 14, ......., 4n – 2
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` 4n – 2
n n
ev, 2 {2 + 3 +(n – 1) × 2} = 323
 n = 1, 2, 3, 4 .............. ewm‡q cvB|
ev, n(6 + 2n – 2) = 646 n = 1 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.1 – 2 = 2
ev, n(4 + 2n) = 646 n = 2 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.2 – 2 = 6
ev, 4n + 2n2 = 646 n = 3 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.3 – 2 = 10
ev, 2n + n2 = 323 [Dfq cÿ‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i] n = 4 n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.4 – 2 = 14
ev, n2 + 2n – 323 = 0 n = n n‡j 4n – 2 = 4.n – 2 = 4n – 2
ev, n2 + 19n – 17n – 323 = 0 avivwU n‡jv 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + ... .. + (4n – 2)
ev, n(n + 19) – 17(n + 19) = 0 g‡b Kwi, avivwUi nZg c` 186
ev, (n + 19) (n – 17) = 0 cÖkœg‡Z, a + (n – 1) d = 186 GLv‡b, a = 2
nq, n + 19 = 0 A_ev, n – 17 = 0 ev, 2 + (n – 1)4 = 186 d=6–2=4
ev, n = – 19 ev, n = 17 ev, 2 + 4n – 4 = 186 n=?
[Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq, KviY c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv] ev, 4n – 2 = 186
wb‡Y©q gvb : n = 17 (Ans.) ev, 4n = 186 + 2
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, 4_© c` = 192 188
GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 3 Ges c` msL¨v, n = 4 ev, n = 4
awi, mvaviY AbycvZ = r  n = 47
Avgiv Rvwb, nZg c` = arn – 1  avivwUi 47Zg c` 186 (Ans.)
 arn – 1 = 192 M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖ_g c`, a = 2
ev, 3 × r4 – 1 = 192 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 4
ev, 3r3 = 192 Ges c` msL¨v, n = 10
ev, r3 = 64 Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n c‡ì mgwó
a(rn – 1)
ev, r = 3 64 [Nbg~j K‡i] r–1
[hLb r  1]
 r=4 2(4 – 1) 2(1048576 – 1)
10
 avivwUi 2q c` = arn – 1 = 3 × (4)2 – 1 = 3 × 4 = 12 =
4–1
=
3
Ges avivwUi 3q c` = arn – 1 2 × 1048575
= 3 × (4)3 – 1 = = 69,050 (Ans.)
3
= 3 × 42
= 3 × 16 œ 10  cÖZxK I cÖZxg gv‡e©j wb‡q †Lj‡Z emj| Zviv cÖ_‡g
cÖk-
= 48 GKwU cv‡Î 6wU gv‡e©j ivLj| 2q, 3q I 4_© cv‡Î gv‡e©j msL¨v
mvaviY AbycvZ,
12
r= =41 n‡jv m, n Ges 162wU|
3
a(rn – 1)
K. Z_¨vbymv‡i avivwU wj‡L mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó Sn = r – 1 L. Dchy³ m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i 2q I 3q cv‡Îi gv‡e©j
3(47 – 1) msL¨v wbY©q Ki Ges avivwUi c~Y©iƒc wjL| 4
 avivwUi cÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó S7 = 4 – 1 M. 162 †K cÖ_g c` a‡i aivwU wecixZ µ‡g wj‡L
3(16384 – 1) GKwU bZzb aviv ˆZwi Kiv n‡j hvi cÖ_g n msL¨K
=
3 c‡ì mgwó 242| n Gi gvb †ei Ki| [Dchy³
= 16383 (Ans.)
mgwói m~Î cÖ‡qvM Avek¨K|] 4
œ 9  GKwU Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` 4n – 2, (n 
cÖk- )  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
K. AbyµgwU †jL| 2
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q cÖ_g cv‡Îi gv‡e©j msL¨v 6wU Ges 2q, 3q I 4_©
L. avivwU MVb K‡i avivwUi KZ Zg c` 186. 4
cv‡Îi gv‡e©j msL¨v h_vµ‡g m, n Ges 162wU|
M. Abyµ‡gi cÖ_g msL¨vwU‡K cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY
AšÍi‡K mvaviY AbycvZ a‡i avivwUi cÖ_g `kwU  avivwU, 6 + m + n + 162 + ............
c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 GLv‡b, 1g c`, a = 6
awi, mvaviY AbycvZ = r
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Avgiv Rvwb, n Zg = arn – 1
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, Abyµ‡gi mvaviY c` 4n – 2  4_© c` = ar4 – 1
n ev, 162 = 6.r3
 n = 1, 2, 3, 4 .............. ewm‡q cvB|
162 a(1 – rn)
ev, r3 = 6 Sn =
1–r
,r1
ev, r3 = 27 GLv‡b, avivwUi n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó = 242
 r=3 a(1 – rn)
ev, 1 – r = 242
 mvaviY AbycvZ 3 (Ans.)
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, avivwU, 6 + m + n + 162 + .....  1 n
GLv‡b, 1g c`, a = 6 ev,
1621 –
 () 3 
242
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 3 [ÔKÕ n‡Z] 1–
1
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = arn – 1 3
1
 avivwUi 2q c` = 6.32 – 1 ( )
162 1 – n
3
ev, m = 6.3 ev, 2
= 242
 m = 18 3
Ges avivwUi 3q c` = 6.33 – 1 1 3
ev, n = 6.32 ( )
ev, 162 1 – 3n × 2 = 242
ev, n = 6.9 1
 n = 54 ( )
ev, 1 – 3n × 243 = 242
 2q I 3q cv‡Îi gv‡e©j msL¨v h_vµ‡g 18wU I 54wU 1 242
ev, 1 – 3n = 243
Ges avivwUi c~Y©iƒc 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 + ......... (Ans.)
1 242
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, avivwUi c~Y©iƒc 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 + ........ ev, 3n = 1 – 243
avivwU‡K wecixZµ‡g wjL‡j cvB, 1 1
162 + 54 + 18 + 6 + .................. ev, 3n = 243
GLv‡b, 1g c`, a = 162 ev, 3n = 35
54 1  n = 5 (Ans.)
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 162 = 3  1
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó

œ 11  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ - 1.
cÖk- wVK Kiv n‡jv 1g w`b GK cqmv, wØZxq w`b 1g w`‡bi wØ¸Y, 3q
K. ¸‡YvËi avivi n-Zg c` wbY©‡qi m~Î †jL| 2 w`b 2q w`‡bi wØ¸Y Gfv‡e evo‡Z _vK‡e|
L. ¸‡YvËi avivwU wbY©q Ki| 4 K. H e¨w³ wØZxq I Z…Zxq w`‡b †gvU KZ UvKv cv‡e? 2
M. avivwUi 30 c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 L. cÖ_g cuvP w`‡bi UvKvi cwigvY †_‡K †`LvI †h,
cÖvß UvKvi cwigvY ¸‡YvËi mmxg aviv| 4
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. avivwU †jL Ges mvßvwnK QzwUi w`bmn H e¨w³
K. †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a Ges mvaviY AbycvZ r n‡j, GK gvm ci KZ UvKv cv‡e? 4
¸‡YvËi avivi n-Zg c` = arn − 1.  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
L. GLv‡b, cÖ_g c`, a = 2 K. 1g w`‡b cvq = 0.01 UvKv
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = −1 2q w`‡b cvq = (0.01  2) UvKv = 0.02 UvKv
AZGe, wØZxq c` = ar = ar = 2(−1) = −2
2 − 1 3q w`‡b cvq = (0.02  2) UvKv = 0.04 UvKv
Z…Zxq c` = ar = ar = 2(−1) = 2
3 − 1 2 2 wØZxq I Z…Zxq w`‡b †gvU cvq = (0.02 + 0.04) UvKv
PZz_© c` = ar4 − 1 = ar3 = 2(−1)3 = −2 = 0.06 UvKv
..........................................................
..........................................................  †m †gvU 0.06 UvKv cv‡e|
wb‡Y©q avivwU 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + ............... L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cÖvß,
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, ¸‡YvËi aviv, 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + ............ 1g w`‡b cvq = 0.01 UvKv
avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 2 2q w`‡b cvq = 0.02 UvKv
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = −1 < 1
c`msL¨v, n = 30 3q w`‡b cvq = 0.04 UvKv
a(1 − r )30 GLb, PZz_© w`‡b cvq=(0.04  2) UvKv= 0.08 UvKv
 cÖ_g 30 c‡ì mgwó, S30 = Ges cÂg w`‡b cvq =(0.08  2) UvKv= 0.16 UvKv
1−r
3{1− (−1)30} 3(1 − 1) 3  0 0 0.02 0.04 0.16
=
1 − (−1)
=
1+1
=
2
= =0
2 mvaviY AbycvZ r = 0.01 = 0.02 = 0.08 = 2
 avivwUi 30 c‡ì mgwó 0. GLv‡b, †h‡Kv‡bv w`‡bi UvKv‡K Zvi c~e©eZ©x w`‡bi UvKvi
œ 12  ÔKÕ Zuvi †Q‡j‡K ¯‹z‡j †bqv-Avbvi Rb¨ GK e¨w³‡K
cÖk- cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj me©`v mgvb|
1jv GwcÖj †_‡K GK gv‡mi Rb¨ wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| Zvi cvwikªwgK Avevi avivwUi c`msL¨v wbw`©ó myZivs GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi
mmxg aviv| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. H e¨w³ cÖ_g w`b cvq = 0.01 UvKv GK gvm ci H e¨w³ cv‡eb = Sn UvKv
2q w`b cvq = 0.02 UvKv a(rn − 1)
Avgiv Rvwb, Sn = r − 1 [ r > 1]
3q w`b cvq = 0.04 UvKv
PZz_© w`b cvq = 0.08 UvKv 0.01(230 − 1) 0.01(230 − 1)
= =
GwcÖj gvm = 30 w`b 2−1 1
Zvn‡j, avivwU n‡e, 0.01 + 0.02 + 0.04 + 0.08 +....... 2 −1
30
= = 10737418.23
100
GLv‡b avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 0.01
H e¨w³ GK gvm ci cv‡eb 10737418.23 UvKv|
0.02
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 0.01 = 2 [r > 1]
c`msL¨v, n = 30

œ 13  5 + x + y + z + 405 GwU GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
cÖk- =
5 × (– 59048)
4
K. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
= – 73810 (Ans.)
L. DÏxcKwU n‡Z x, y I z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. avivwUi cÖ_g `kwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| œ 14  GKwU 2550 wgUvi j¤^v wdZv †K‡U Ggbfv‡e UzKiv
4 cÖk-
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  Kiv nj †hb cÖ_g UzKivwUi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi Ges cieZ©x cÖwZwU
K. 5 + x + y + z + 405 GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv| UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ Zvi c~e©eZ©x UzKiv †_‡K 2 wgUvi †ewk nq| d‡j
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 5, mvaviY AbycvZ = r UzKiv¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvšÍi aviv MVb K‡i|
 avivwUi cÂg c` = ar5 – 1 = 5.r4 K. avivi m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ 19Zg UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q
cÖkœg‡Z, 5r4 = 405 Ki| 2
ev, r4 = 81 L. †gvU UzKivi msL¨v wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, r4 = 34 M. hw` wdZvwUi ˆ`N©¨ 504 wgUvi Kg nZ Ges cÖwZwU
r=3
 avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ r =  3 UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ Zvi c~e©eZ©x UzKivi ˆ`‡N©ï wØ¸Y nZ
L. †h‡nZz avivwU ¸‡YvËi †kªwYfz³ Zvn‡j KqwU UzKiv Kiv †hZ? 4
 r = 3 n‡j,
x
ev, x = 15  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
5
y y K. GLv‡b cÖ_g UzKivi ˆ`N©¨, a = 2 wgUvi
= = 3 ev, y = 45
x 15 cÖwZwU UzKivi ˆ`‡N©ï cv_©K¨ (mvaviY AšÍi), d = 2 wgUvi
z z  19Zg UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ = a + (19 – 1) d
= = 3 ev, z = 135
y 45
= (2 + 18 × 2) wgUvi
Avevi, r = – 3 n‡j,
x = (2 + 36) wgUvi
= – 3 ev, x = – 15 =38 wgUvi (Ans.)
5
y y L. GLv‡b, cÖ_g UzKivi ˆ`N©¨, a = 2 wgUvi
= = – 3 ev, y = 45
x – 15
z z mvaviY AšÍi, d = 2 wgUvi
= = – 3 ev, z = – 135 g‡b Kwi, †gvU UzKivi msL¨v = n
y 45
 x = 15, y = 45 I z = 135 Zvn‡j n msL¨K UzKivi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó 2550 wgUvi
A_ev, x = – 15, y = 45 Ges z = – 135 (Ans.) n
myZivs, 2 {2a + (n – 1) d} = 2550
M. avivwUi 1g c`, a = 5
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 3 n
ev, 2{2 × 2 + (n – 1) × 2} 2550
a(r10 – 1)
avivwUi cÖ_g `kwU c‡ì mgwó, S10 = r – 1 [r  1] n
ev, 2{4 + 2n – 2} = 2550
5(310 – 1)
= n
3–1 ev, 2{2n + 2} = 2550
5 × 59048
= n
2 ev, 2 × 2(n + 1) = 2550
= 147620 (Ans.)
Avevi, mvaviY AbycvZ, r = – 3 n‡j ev, n(n + 1) = 2550
a(1 – r10) ev, n2 + n – 2550 = 0
avivwUi cÖ_g 10wU c‡ì mgwó, S10 = 1 – r [r  1] ev, n2 + 51n – 50n – 2550 = 0
5(1 – (– 3)10) ev, n(n + 51) – 50(n + 51) = 0
=
1 – (– 3) ev, (n – 50) (n + 51) = 0
nq, n – 50 = 0 A_ev, n + 51 = 0 2
q =
 n = 50  n = – 51 3
†h‡nZz UzKivi msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| q Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
myZivs n = – 51 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| a.  =
2 4 2 3
AZGe, †gvU UzKivi msL¨v 50.  3 9
M. wdZvwUi ˆ`N©¨ 504 wgUvi Kg n‡j Gi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e 4 2 3
ev, a. 9 = 9
(2550 – 504) wgUvi = 2046 wgUvi|
ev, 4a = 2 3
cÖwZwU UzKivi ˆ`N©¨ Zvi c~e©eZ©x UzKivi ˆ`‡N©ï wØ¸Y n‡j
2 3 3
UzKiv¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv MVb Ki‡e, a= =
4 2
hvi cÖ_g c`, a = 2 wgUvi 3 2
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2  1  avivwUi 1g c` 2 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ
3
g‡b Kwi, G‡ÿ‡Î UzKivi msL¨v nZ m M. cÖ`Ë avivi Z…Zxq c` = aq3 – 1 = aq2
Zvn‡j m msL¨K UzKivi ˆ`N©¨‡K mgwó 2046 wgUvi 3  22 3 2 1
= . = . =
– 1)
a(rm 2  3 2 3 3
myZivs = 2046
(r – 1) Avgiv Rvwb,
2(2m – 1) a(1 − qn)
ev, 2 – 1 = 2046 ¸‡YvËi avivi n c‡ì mgwó = 1 −q [hLb q <1]
ev, 2(2m – 1) = 2046  cÖ`Ë avivi 1g wZbwU c‡ì mgwó
2046 3   2 
3
3 2 2 33 3−2 2
ev, 2m – 1 = 2
2  
1− 1−
  3  2  3 3
.
2 3 3
ev, 2m – 1 = 1023 =
2
=
3− 2
=
3− 2
1−
ev, 2m = 1023 + 1 3 3 3
ev, 2m = 1024 3 3−2 2
ev, 2m = 210 6 3 3−2 2 3
= = 
 m = 10 3− 2 6 3− 2
myZivs, †gvU UzKivi msL¨v 10 3
3 3−2 2
œ 15  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÂg c` 2 9 3Ges `kg c` 8812.
cÖk- =
2 3 ( 3 − 2)
K. mgm¨vwU‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2 1
 avivwUi Z…Zxq c` Ges
L. avivwUi 1g c` Ges mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4 3
M. avivwUi Z…Zxq c` Ges cÖ_g wZbwU c‡ì mgwó 3 3−2 2
wZbwU c‡ì mgwó (Ans.)
wbY©q Ki| 4 2 3 ( 3 − 2)
 15bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  œ 16  1 , − 1, 2 – ............ GKwU aviv|
cÖk-
2
K. g‡b Kwi, ¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` = a
mvaviY AbycvZ = q K. avivwUi cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki| 2
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = aqn −1 L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 8 2? 4
kZv©bymv‡i, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÂg c` = aq5 − 1 M avivwUi cÖ_g AvUwU c‡ì mgwó KZ? 4
 aq4 =
2 3
......................... (i)  16bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
9
1
Ges ¸‡YvËi avivi `kg c` = aq10 − 1 K. cÖ`Ë aviv, , − 1, 2 − ..........
2
8 2
 aq9 =
81
.........................(ii) avivwUi †h‡Kv‡bv c` I Zvi c~e©eZx© c‡ì AbycvZ
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß mgxKiY (ii) †K (i) Øviv fvM K‡i cvB, −1 2
=
1
ev, −1 = − 2
8 2
81 aq9 2
=
aq4 Ges Gi †kl c` †bB|
2 3
9  GwU GKwU AbšÍ ¸‡YËi aviv|
8 2 9 L. g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 8 2
ev, 
81 2 3
= q9 − 4 1
cÖ_g c`, a = Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, q = − 2
4 2 2
ev, = q5 GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = aqn−1
9 3
1
 2
5
ev, q5 =
( 2)4 2 ( 2)5
= =  cÖ`Ë avivwUi n Zg c` = (− 2 )n−1.
( 3)4 3 ( 3)5  3 2
1 15  59048
cÖkœg‡Z, (− 2)n−1 = 8 2 =
2
= 442860
2
ev, (− 2)n−1 = 8  2  2  avivwUi cÖ_g 10wU c‡ì mgwó 442860
ev, (− 2)n−1 = 16 œ 18  2 − 4 + 8 − .......... − 1024 GKwU ¸‡YvËi
cÖk- aviv|
ev, (− 2)n−1 = (− 2)8 K. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ KZ? 2
ev, n − 1 = 8 L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` −1024? 4
ev, n = 8 + 1 M. avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
n=9  18bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AZGe, cÖ`Ë avivwUi 9g c` 8 2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ¸‡YvËi avivwU 2 − 4 + 8 ........−1024
M. GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a =
1 GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 2
2 −4
mvaviY AbycvZ, q = − 2 < 1 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 = −2
 GLv‡b, c` msL¨v, n = 8 L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, ¸‡YvËi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 2
a(1− qn) mvaviY AbycvZ, r = −2
 mgwó, Sn = g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = −1024
1− q
1 ev, arn−1 = −1024 [n Zg c` = arn−1]
2
{1− (− 2)8} ev, 2(−2) = −1024
n−1
S8 = [gvb ewm‡q] −1024
1 − ( − 2) ev, (−2)n−1 = 2
1 1
(1− 24) (1− 16) ev, (−2)n−1 = −512
2 2 −15
= = = ev, (−2)n−1 = (−2)9
1+ 2 1+ 2 2 ( 2 + 1) ev, n − 1 = 9
−15 −15 (2 − 2) −15 (2− 2) ev, n = 9 + 1
= = =
2 + 2 (2 + 2) (2 − 2) 4−2  n = 10
−15 (2− 2)  avivwUi 10gc` −1024
=
2 M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 2
−15 (2− 2) mvaviY AbycvZ, r = −2 < 1
 avivwUi cÖ_g 4wU c‡ì mgwó
2 c` msL¨v, n = 10
œ 17  5 + x + y + 135 GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
cÖk- fy³| 1 − rn
Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi mgwó, Sn = a 1 − r , r < 1
K. aviv †_‡K GKwU mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
L. x Ges y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 2{1 − (−2)10}
 avivwUi mgwó S10 = 1− (−2)
[ n = 10]
M. wbYx©Z x †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` Ges y
wØZxq c` n‡j avivwUi cÖ_g 10 c‡ì mgwó KZ? 4 2{1 − 1024}
=
1+2
 17bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  2  (−1023)
=
K. GLv‡b avivwUi cÖ_gc`, a = 5 3
g‡b Kwi, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ = q = −682 (Ans.)
 avivwUi PZz_© c` = aq4−1 = aq3 = 5q3 œ 19  log 2 + log 8 + log 512 + ........GKwU aviv|
cÖk-
cÖkœg‡Z, 5q3 = 135 K. avivwU‡K ¸‡YvËi avivq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 2
wbY©q mgxKiY aq3 =135 L. avivwUi 7g c` KZ? 4
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, 5q3 = 135 M. avivwUi cÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
135
ev, q3 = 5  19bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, q3 = 27 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, avivwU = log 2 + log 8 + log 512+ .....
ev, q3 = 33 = log 2 + log 23 + log 29 + .....
= log 2 + 3log 2 + 9log 2 +.....
q=3
 avivwUi wØZxq c`, x = aq2−1 = aq = 5.3 = 15 hv GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
Ges avivwUi Z…Zxq c`, y = aq3−1 = aq2 = 5.32 = 45 L. ÔKÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, log 2 + 3log 2 + 9log 2 +............
GLv‡b, avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = log 2
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, x = 15 Ges y = 45 3log 2
 avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 15 Ges mvaviY AbycvZ, mvaviY AbycvZ, r = log 2 = 3
q=
45
=3>1 Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi n Zg c` = arn−1
15
 avivwUi 7g c` = ar7 − 1
c` msL¨v, n = 10
= (log 2)  37 − 1
a(qn − 1) 15(310 −1) 15(59049 − 1) = (log 2)  36
 mgwó, S = = =
q −1 3 −1 2 = 729 log2
 avivwUi 7g c` 729 log 2
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, ¸‡YvËi avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = log 2 n = 5
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 3 > 1 n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
Ges c`msL¨v, n = 7 H msL¨v¸‡jvi e‡M©i mgwó = 6
Avgiv Rvwb, 5. (5 + 1) (2  5 + 1)
=
¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó, 6
rn − 1 5  6  11
Sn = a = = 55 (Ans.)
 r − 1 , r > 1 6
37 − 1 M. g‡b Kwi, S = 1 + 2 + 3 + ........+ n
2 2 2 2
 avivwUi 7wU c‡ì mgwó, S7 = log 2 3 − 1  Avgiv Rvwb, r3 − (r − 1)3 = r2 − (r3 − 3r2 + 3r −1)
2187 − 1 = 3r2 − 3r + 1
= log 2 
2
GLv‡b, r = 1, 2, 3..............ewm‡q cvB,
2186
= log 2  13 − 03 = 3.12 − 3.1 + 1
2
= 1093 log2 23 − 13 = 3.22 − 3.2 + 1
 avivwUicÖ_g 7wU c‡ì mgwó 1093 log2 33 − 23 = 3.32 − 3.3 + 1
œ 20  cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó 225.
cÖk- ...................................
...................................
K. cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 2 n3 − (n− 1)3 = 3n2 − 3n + 1
L. H msL¨v¸‡jvi e‡M©i mgwó KZ? 4 †hvM K‡i,
M. †`LvI †h cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi e‡M©i n3 = 3(12 + 22 + ............ + n2) − 3 (1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n)
n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
mgwó 6
4 + (1 + 1 + .... +1)
n(n + 1)
= 3S − 3.
+n
2 3n(n + 1)
ev, − 3S = − n3 −
K. Avgiv Rvwb, cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi N‡bi mgwó = {n (n2+ 1)} 2
+n
3n(n + 1)
ev, − 3S = − n3 +
2
cÖkœg‡Z, {n (n2+ 1)} = 225 { 2
−n }
n(n + 1) 3n(n + 1)
ev, = 225 ev, 3S = n3 + 2
−n
2
n(n + 1) 2n + 3n + 3n − 2n
3 2
 = 15 ev, 3S = 2
2
 cÖ_g n msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó 15 (Ans.) ev, 3S =
2n3 + 3n2 + n
2
n(n + 1) n (2n2 + 3n+1)
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, 2
= 15 ev, 3S = 2
ev, n(n + 1) = 30 n{2n2 + 2n + n+ 1}
ev, n2 + n = 30 ev, 3S = 2
ev, n2 + n − 30 = 0 ev, S =
n(2n + 1) (n + 1)
6
ev, n2 + 6n − 5n − 30 = 0
n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
ev, n(n + 6) − 5 (n + 6) = 0 S=
6
ev, (n + 6) (n − 5) = 0 n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
 12 + 22 + 32 + ..... + n2 = (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
nq, n + 6 = 0 A_ev, n − 5 = 0 6
n=−6  n=5
wKš‘ c`msL¨v FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr n = − 6 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
wewfbœ wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

œ 21  64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + .............GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
cÖk- Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi aivi n Zg c` = arn − 1
K. avivwUi 10g c` †KvbwU? 2
(1)
9
myZivs avivwUi 10g c` = ar10 − 1 = 64 2
1
L. avivwUi †Kvb c` 4 ? 4
(12) = 2 1 1
9
6−9
= 26 = 2−3 = =
M. avivwUi cÖ_g 8wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 23 8
 21bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wb‡Y©q avivwUi 10g c` 8
1
K. avivwUi cÖ_g c`, a = 64 L. g‡b Kwi, avivwUi n Zg c` 4

1
32 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r= =
64 2 1
 arn − 1 =
4
n−1
œ 22  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ
cÖk-
(1) = (12)
2
q,
ev, 64. 2
2 3 8 2
1 n−1
1 1 2 6 avivwUi cÂg c` Ges `kg c` .
ev, (2) = (2) .(2) 9 81
n−1
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i †jL| 2
1 1 2+6
L. avivwUi cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY AbycvZ †ei Ki| 4
ev, (2) = (2)
n−1
M. avivwU wbY©q Ki Ges Gi beg c` †ei Ki| 4
1 1 8
ev, (2) = (2)  22bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
ev, n − 1 = 8 K. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 15(K) mgvavb †`L|
ev, n = 8 + 1 L. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 15 (L) mgvavb †`L|
n=9 3 2
1 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, a = 2 Ges r =
 avivwUi beg c` 4 3
a(1 − rn) 3
M. Avgiv Rvwb, ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g n msL¨K c‡ì mgwó 1 − r ;  1g c` a = 2
hLb r < 1. 3
2q c` = ar = 2  =
2 1
myZivs avivwUi cÖ_g 8wU c‡ì mgwó, 3 2
3q c` = ar2 = 2    = 2  3 =
2
 1 8 3 2 3 2 1
Sn =
a(1 − rn)
=
641 −
 ()
2 
[ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß]
 3 3
1−r 1 3 1 1
1−
2
wb‡Y©q avivwU 2 + +
2 3
−1
64 GLb, avivwUi beg c` = ar9−1 = ar8 = 2    = 2  34
8
1 256 3 24
=
( )
64 1 −
2
=
 256  255  64
= 2=
255
= 1275
3 2
 3
1 1 256 2 3 16 8 3
2 2 =  =
2 81 81
AZGe, avivwUi cÖ_g 8wU c‡ì mgwó 1275 8 3
 avivwUi beg c` 81 .

œ 23  7 + x + y + 189 + ......... GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv
cÖk- K. wjPzi djb‡K avivi AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki| 2
K. avivwUi PZz_© c`‡K mgxKi‡Yi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖKvk Ki| 2 L. 2013 mv‡j H Mv‡Q KqwU wjPzi djb n‡Z cv‡i? 4
L. x Ges y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 M. 2009 †_‡K 2013 GB cuvP eQ‡i †gvU KqwU wjPzi djb n‡Z cv‡i? 4
M. wbY©xZ y †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` Ges x wØZxq c` n‡j DËi : K. 512 + 640 + 800 + ........; L. 1250; M. 4202
avivwUi cÖ_g 4wU c‡ì mgwó KZ? 4 œ 27  log 2 + log 8 + log 512 + .....GKwU aviv|
cÖk-
280 K. avivwU‡K ¸‡YvËi avivq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 2
DËi : K. 7r3 = 189; L. 21, 63; M. 3 L. avivwUi 7Zg c` KZ n‡e? 4
œ 24  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÖ_g c` a, mvaviY AbycvZ
cÖk- r, M. cÖ_g mvZwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
avivwUi cÂg c` 3 3 Ges Aóg c` – 27. DËi : K. log 2 + 3 log 2 + 9 log 2 + ........;
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K `yBwU mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 L. 729 log 2; M. 10931 log 2
L. avivwUi 15Zg c` wbY©q Ki| 4 œ 28  1 + 2 + 3 ........ + 45 GKwU aviv|
cÖk-
M. avivwU †ei Ki Ges cÖ_g 11wU c‡ì mwgó wbY©q Ki| 4 K. avivwU‡Z KqwU c` i‡q‡Q? 2
L. c`¸‡jvi e‡M©i mgwó KZ n‡e? 4
DËi : K. ar4 = 3 3, ar7 = – 27; L. 729 3; M. KZ msL¨K ¯^vfvweK msL¨vi mgwó ÔLÕ Gi cÖvß gv‡bi †P‡q 15 †ewk? 4
728 3 – 726 DËi : K. 9; L. 285; M. 24
M. 6 1 1
cÖk- œ 25  3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + .......................... œ 29  3, − , 1, ...........GKwU Abyµg|
cÖk-
3
K. avivwUi mvaviY c` wbY©q Ki| 2 K. AbyµgwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. avivwUi cÖ_g AvUwU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 L. AbyµgwUi KZ Zg c` − 9 3? 4
M. avivwUi cÖ_g c`‡K cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY AbycvZ‡K mvaviY M. AbyµgwUi − 9 3 c` ch©šÍ †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
1
AšÍi a‡i bZzb avivwUi cÂg c‡ì mv‡_ cÖ`Ë avivwUi PZz_© DËi : K. − ; L. 8; M. 0.209 (cÖvq)|
3
c‡ì †hvMdj wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 30 
cÖk- GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
12 + 24 + 48 + .......... + 768
DËi : K. 3n; L. 9840; M. 96 K. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 2
cÖk-œ 26  GKwU Rvg Mv‡Q cÖwZ eQi Rv‡gi djb c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii dj‡bi L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 786? 4
5
cÖvq 2 ¸Y| 2010 mv‡j H wjPz Mv‡Q 512wU wjPzi djb nj| M. avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. 2; L. 7; M. 1524.
œ 31  64 + 32 5 +.......+125 GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv|
cÖk- L. y †Kv‡bv ¸‡YvËi avivi 1g c` Ges z wØZxq c` n‡j avivwUi
K. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ †ei Ki| 2 1g cuvPwU c‡ì mgwó KZ? 4
L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` 125? 4 M. avivwUi lô c‡ì gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : K. x = 9; y = 27, z = 81 L. S5 = 3267 M. 729.
5 1 1
DËi : K. 2 ; L. 7; M. 369 + 122 5 œ 34  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÂg c` 16 Ges mßg c` 64|
cÖk-
œ 32  GKwU ¸‡YvËi avivi cÂg c`−9 Ges Aóg c` −27 3.
cÖk- K. DcwiD³ Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mgxKiY AvKv‡i †jL| 2
K. cÖ_g c` a Ges mvaviY AbycvZ r a‡i cÖ`Ë Z_¨‡K mgxKi‡Y L. avivwUi cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖKvk Ki| 2 M. avivwUi cÖ_g c`‡K cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY AbycvZ‡K mvaviY
L. avivwUi KZ Zg c` − 81 3? 4 AšÍi a‡i cÖvß avivwU wbY©q Ki| 4
M. ÔLÕ †Z cÖvß c` ch©šÍ avivwUi mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4 1 1
DËi : K. ar4 = 16 Ges ar6 = 64 ; L. a = 1 Ges r = 2 ;
1
DËi : K. ar5−1 = − 9, ar8−1 = − 27 3; L. 10; M. −330.58 (cÖvq)
3 5
M. avivwU 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + .........
œ 33  3 + x + y + z + 243 GKwU ¸‡YvËi aviv †hLv‡b x > 0|
cÖk-
K. x, y I z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2

œ 35  GKwU avivi mvaviY c` 2n + 1, (n N)
cÖk- L g‡b Kwi, avivwUi r Zg c` 169.
K. avivwU wbY©q Ki| 2 †Ìqv Av‡Q, n Zg c` = 2n + 1
r Zg c` = 2r + 1
L. avivwUi KZZg c` 169? 4 cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2r + 1 = 169
M. avivwUi cÖ_g msL¨v‡K cÖ_g c` Ges mvaviY ev, 2r = 168
AšÍi‡K mvaviY AbycvZ a‡i bZzb avivwUi cÖ_g  r = 84
10wU c‡ì mgwó wbY©q Ki| 4  avivwUi 84 Zg c` 169 (Ans.)
 35bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M K †_‡K cvB, avivwUi cÖ_g c` a = 3.
Avevi mvaviY AšÍi = (5 − 3) = 2.
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, avivi mvaviY c` ev n Zg c` 2n + 1 GLb, cÖ_g msL¨v‡K cÖ_g c` I mvaviY AšÍi‡K mvaviY AbycvZ
GLb, n = 1 n‡j cÖ_g c` = 21 + 1 = 3 a‡i ¸‡YvËi aviv ˆZix Ki‡j Zvi n Zg c` n‡e = arn − 1.
n = 2 n‡j wØZxq c` = 22 + 1 = 5 a(rn − 1)
n = 3 n‡j Z…Zxq c` = 23 + 1 = 7 Avgiv Rvwb, n Zg c‡ì mwgwó Sn = r−1 [ r > 1]
wb‡Y©q avivwU n‡jv 3 + 5 + 7 + 3 (2 − 1)
10
10 Zg c‡ì mgwó S10 = = 3  1023
2−1
= 3069. (Ans.).
PZz`©k Aa¨vq
A byc vZ, m`„k ¨Zv I cÖwZmgZv William Oughtred
Bswjk MwYZwe` DBwjqvg AvD‡UªW (1575Ñ1660) cÖ_g
¸‡Yi Rb¨ ÔX' wPý Ges mgvbycv‡Zi Rb¨ Ôt tÕ wPý
Ratio, Similarity & Symmetry eënvi ïiæ K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb Zvi †jLv Clivis
Mathematicae eB‡Z wewfbœ cÖZx‡Ki eY©bv †`b|

`yBwU ivwki Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì AbycvZ we‡ePbv Kiv nq| AbycvZ wbY©‡qi Rb¨ ivwk `yBwU GKB GK‡K cwigvc Ki‡Z nq|
 AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi ag© :
(i) a : b = x : y Ges c : d = x : y n‡j, a : b = c : d (v) a : b = c : d n‡j, ad = bc (Avo¸Yb)
(ii) a : b = b : a n‡j, a = b (vi) a : b = x : y n‡j, a + b : b = x + y : y (†hvRb)
(iii) a : b = x : y n‡j, b : a = y : x (e¨¯ÍKiY) Ges a − b : b = x − y : y (we‡qvRb)
(iv) a : b = x : y n‡j, a : x = b : y (GKvšÍiKiY) a c a+b c+d
(vii) = n‡j, = (†hvRb I we‡qvRb)
b d a−b c−d
 R¨vwgwZK mgvbycvZ
Avgiv wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki‡Z wk‡LwQ| G †_‡K `yBwU cÖ‡qvRbxq Abycv‡Zi aviYv ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
(1) `yBwU wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi D”PZv mgvb n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj I f‚wg mgvbycvwZK|
A D
h h
B C E d F
a
g‡b Kwi, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC I DEF Gi f‚wg h_vµ‡g BC = a, EF = d Ges Dfq †ÿ‡Îi D”PZv h|
myZivs, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 12 (a  h), wÎfzR‡ÿÎ DEF Gi †ÿÎdj = 21 (d  h)
1 1
AZGe, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj : wÎfzR‡ÿÎ DEF Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 a  h : 2 d  h = a : d = BC : EF|
(2) `yBwU wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi f‚wg mgvb n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj I D”PZv mgvbycvwZK|
A D
h k
B C E b F
P b Q
g‡b Kwi, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC I DEF Gi D”PZv h_vµ‡g AP = h, DQ = k Ges Dfq‡ÿ‡Îi f‚wg b|
1
myZivs, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 (b  h), wÎfzR‡ÿÎ DEF Gi †ÿÎdj = 12 (b  k)
AZGe, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj : wÎfzR‡ÿÎ DEF Gi †ÿÎdj = 21 (b  h) : 21 (b  k) = h : k = AP : DQ
 Abywm×všÍ 1| ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC evûi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLv hw` AB I AC evû‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i,
AB AC AB AC
Z‡e AD = AE Ges BD = CE n‡e|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : ABC wÎfy‡Ri BC evûi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLv hw` AB I AC evû‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i
AB AC AB AC
Z‡e, AD = AE Ges BD = CE n‡e|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC evûi mgvšÍivj DE †iLvsk AB I AC A
evûØq‡K A_ev Zv‡ì ewa©ZvskØq‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|

AB AC AB AC
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AD = AE Ges BD = CE | D E
A¼b : B, E Ges C, D †hvM Kwi| B C
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC Ges ADC GKB D”PZv wewkó|
ABC AB [GKB D”PZv wewkó wÎfyRmg~‡ni †ÿÎdj f‚wgi mgvbycvwZK]
 ADC = AD
ABC AC [GKB]
(2) ABE = AE
(3) wKš‘ BDE = DEC [Giv GKB f‚wg DE Gi GKB cv‡k GKB mgvšÍivj hyM‡ji g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|]
 ADE + BDE = ADE + DEC
ev, ABE = ADC
ABC ABC
 =
ADC ABE
AB AC
(4) AD = AE [ 1bs I 2bs n‡Z]
AB AC
(5) AB − AD = AC − AE [ 1bs, 2bs I 3bs n‡Z]
AB AC
ev, BD = DE (cÖgvwYZ)
 Abywm×všÍ 2| wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv evûi ga¨we›`y w`‡q Aci GK evûi mgvšÍivj †iLv Z…Zxq evû‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, wÎfy‡Ri †Kv‡bv evûi ga¨we›`y w`‡q A
Aci GK evûi mgvšÍivj †iLv Z…Zxq evû‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|

E
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi AB evûi ga¨we›`y E| E we›`y w`‡q BC evûi F
mgvšÍivj EF mij‡iLv AC †K F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| B C

cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AF = FC|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC G EF || BC [wÎfy‡Ri †h‡Kv‡bv evûi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv Aci evûØq‡K mgvb

AE AF
=
Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i]
BE FC
AF AE
(2) =
FC AE
=1
[AE = BE]
(3) AF = FC (cÖgvwYZ)

cÖkœ \ 1 \ †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg msjMœ †KvYØ‡qi mgwØLÊKØq A
wecixZ evû `yBwU‡K X I Y we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| XY f‚wgi
mgvšÍivj n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, wÎfzRwU mgwØevû|
Y X
mgvavb :
B C
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi f‚wg msjMœ †KvYØq B I D
C Gi mgwØLÊKØq wecixZ evû AC I AB †K h_vµ‡g X I Y A
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j XY f‚wg BC Gi mgvšÍivj| cÖgvY
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC mgwØevû A_©vr, AB = AC.
O
A¼b : X, Y †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY : B C
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi AB I CD evûØq
(1) ABC Gi B Gi mgwØLÊK BX mgvšÍivj †hLv‡b AB < CD| AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K O
 AB : BC = AX : XC ..........(i) [Dccv`¨ 3] we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AO : OC = BO : OD.
(2) Avevi, ABC G C Gi mgwØLÊK CY cÖgvY :
 AC : CB = AY : YB ..........(ii) [Dccv`¨ 3] avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(3) †h‡nZz XY || BC (1) †h‡nZz AB || CD Ges AC I BD Zv‡ì †Q`K [A¼b]
 AX : XC = AY : YB ..........(iii) [Dccv`¨ 1]  BAC = ACD [GKvšÍi †KvY]
(4) AZGe, AC : CB = AX : XC....(iv) [(ii) I (iii) †_‡K] Ges ABD = BDC [GKvšÍi †KvY]
(5) Zvn‡j, AB : BC = AC : CB [(i) I (iv) †_‡K] (2) AOB I COD-G
ev, AB : BC = AC : BC OAB = OCD.
 AB = AC Ges OBA = ODC
myZivs ABC mgwØevû| (cÖgvwYZ) AOB = COD
cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, KZK¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv‡K   AOB I COD m`„k‡KvYx|
`yBwU mij‡iLv †Q` Ki‡j Abyiƒc Ask¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK n‡e| (3) myZivs, AOB I COD m`„k|
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, KZK¸‡jv ci¯úi  AO : OC = BO : OD
mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv‡K `yBwU mij‡iLv †Q` Ki‡j Abyiƒc Ask¸‡jv [ m`„k wÎfz‡Ri Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK]
mgvbycvwZK n‡e| (cÖgvwYZ)
G P cÖkœ \ 4 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, UªvwcwRqv‡gi wZh©K evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`yi
K R ms‡hvRK †iLvsk mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi mgvšÍivj|
A B
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, UªvwcwRqv‡gi wZh©K
C L S D evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi
O mgvšÍivj|
P
M T
E F
H Q D C
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvšÍivj
E F
mij‡iLv| GH I PQ mij‡iLv `yBwU D³ mij‡iLv wZbwU‡K
h_vµ‡g K, L, M I R, S, T we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| A B
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, KL : LM = RS : ST we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi wZh©K evûØq AD
A¼b : K, T †hvM Kwi| KT †iLv CD †K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| I BC| E I F h_vµ‡g AD I BC Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e
cÖgvY : †h, EF †iLv AB I CD Gi mgvšÍivj|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv A¼b : AD I BC †K ewa©Z Kwi †hb Zv P we›`y‡Z wgwjZ nq|
(1) KMT G LO || MT [Dccv`¨ 1] cÖgvY :
 KL : LM = KO : OT ..........(i) avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(2) Avevi, TKR G OS || KR [Dccv`¨ 1] (1) PAB G CD || AB
 KO : OT = RS : ST ..........(ii) PD PC
(3) AZGe KL : LM = RS : ST [(i) I (ii) †_‡K]  =
DA CB
[Dccv`¨ 1]
(cÖgvwYZ) PD PC
ev, 2DE = 2CF [ E I F h_vµ‡g AD I BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
cÖkœ \ 3 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, UªvwcwRqv‡gi KY©Øq Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y‡Z
GKB Abycv‡Z wef³ nq| PD PC
ev, DE = CF
mgvavb : mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, UªvwcwRqv‡gi KY©Øq
 EF || DC ............... (i) [Dccv`¨ 2]
Zv‡ì †Q`we›`y‡Z GKB Abycv‡Z wef³ nq|
(2) wKš‘ DC AB.
||
 EF || AB. [(i) †_‡K]
A_©vr, EF †iLvwU AB Ges DC Dfq †iLvi mgvšÍivj| avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(cÖgvwYZ) 1 [wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
.BX.h
cÖkœ \ 5 \ ABC wÎfz‡Ri AD I BE ga¨gvØq ci¯úi G we›`y‡Z (1) ABX = 2 = 12  f‚wg  D”PZv ]
†Q` K‡i‡Q| G we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q Aw¼Z DE Gi mgvšÍivj †iLvsk ACX 1
.XC.h
2
AC †K F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AC = 6EF.
1
mgvavb : OBX 2
. BX.k
A (2) Avevi, OCX = 1 [GKB Kvi‡Y]
.XC.k
2
F 1 1
. BX.h − . BX . k
E ABX − OBX 2 2
(3) GLb, ACX − OCX = 1 1
G . XC.h − . BX. k
2 2
1
. BX (h − k)
B C AOB 2
D ev, AOC = 1
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC wÎfz‡Ri AD I BE ga¨gvØq . XC. (h − k)
2
ci¯úi G we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| G we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q Aw¼Z DE Gi
AOB BX
mgvšÍivj GF †iLv AC †K F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z  =
AOC XC
n‡e †h, AC = 6EF.
(4) AZGe, AOB : AOC = BX : XC (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv cÖkœ \ 7 \ ABC Gi A Gi mgwØLÊK BC †K D we›`y‡Z †Q`
AG AF K‡i| BC Gi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLvsk AB I AC †K h_vµ‡g E
(1) ADE-Gi GF || DE  GD = FE [Dccv`¨ 1]
I F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, BD : DC = BE : CF.
(2) AG : GD = 2 : 1 [ G fi‡K›`ª, hv AD I BE ga¨gvØ‡qi †Q`we›`y
mgvavb :
Ges ga¨gvØq‡K 2 : 1 Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i] A
AG 2
ev, GD = 1
AF 2
ev, FE = 1 E F
AF + FE 2 + 1
ev, FE
=
1
[†hvRb K‡i]
B C
AE 3 D
ev, FE = 1  AE = 3FE
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC Gi A Gi mgwØLÊK BC
A_©vr, AE = 3EF †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| BC Gi mgvšÍivj EF †iLvsk AB I
(3) wKš‘, AC = 2AE [E, AC Gi ga¨we›`y e‡j]
AC †K h_vµ‡g E I F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
 AC = 2.3EF
BD : DC = BE : CF.
ev, AC = 6EF
A¼b : A Gi mgwØLÊK AD
AuvwK|
 AC = 6EF (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖgvY :
cÖkœ \ 6 \ ABC Gi BC evû¯’ †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y X Ges AX †iLv¯’ avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
O GKwU we›`y| cÖgvY Ki †h, AOB : AOC = BX : XC. (1) ABC-G AD, BAC Gi mgwØLÊK
mgvavb : 
BD BA
= [Dccv`¨ 3]
A ACDC
(2) †h‡nZz, EF || BC
AE AF
 BE = CF [Dccv`¨ 1]
AE + BE AF + CF
O h ev, BE = CF [†hvRb]
k AB AC
ev, BE = CF
B C
X AB BE
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC Gi BC evû¯’ †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y ev, AC = CF [GKvšÍi K‡i]
X Ges AX †iLv¯’ O GKwU we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AOB : BD BE
(3) AZGe, DC = CF [(1)bs †_‡K]
AOC = BX : XC
 BD : DC = BE : CF (cÖgvwYZ)
A¼b : B, O I C, O †hvM Kwi| A Ges O we›`y †_‡K BC Gi cÖkœ \ 8 \ ABC I DEF m`„k‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi D”PZv AM I DN
Ici h_vµ‡g h I k j¤^ AuvwK| n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, AM : DN = AB : DE.
cÖgvY : mgvavb :
A D  AM ⊥ BC, DN ⊥ EF]
(2) Avevi, ABM = DEN [ABC I DEF m`„k‡KvYx
e‡j B = E]
C E F
B
M N Ges Aewkó BAM = Aewkó EDN
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC I DEF m`„k‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡qi  wÎfzRØq m`„k‡KvYx| myZivs Giv m`„k|
D”PZv AM I DN A_©vr, AM ⊥ BC Ges DN ⊥ EF| cÖgvY Ki‡Z (3) Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, `yBwU wÎfzR
n‡e †h, AM : DN = AB : DE m`„k‡KvYx n‡j Zv‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv
cÖgvY : mgvbycvwZK n‡e|
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv AB AM
 =
(1) ABC I DEF-G DE DN
AMB = DNE [cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY| A_©vr, AM : DN = AB : DE (cÖgvwYZ)

1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [Kz. †ev. Õ15]
A K AB : BC = AD : DE  AD : DB = AE : EC
M BC : DE = AD : AE N AD : DE = AE : CD
B C 2. ABC−G BC || DE, AE = 4 GKK, CE = 2 GKK Ges
BC = 7 GKK n‡j, DE = KZ GKK? [h. †ev. Õ15]
D E
K 343 (cÖvq) L 350 (cÖvq)  467 (cÖvq) N 5.00 (cÖvq)
wP‡Î BC || DE

K a:h Lh:a
141 : AbycvZ I mgvbycv‡Zi ag©  BC : EF N AB : EF
10. `ywU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg mgvb n‡j †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ Kx n‡e? (mnR)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  mgvbycvwZK L mgvb
3. a : b = x : y Ges c : d = x : y n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) M Amgvb N eM©g~‡ji mgvb
K a:x=b:y L c:x=b:y 11. mgvb f‚wgwewkó `yBwU wÎfy‡Ri D”PZv h_vµ‡g 2 †m.wg. I
 a:b=c:d N a:y=b:x
4 †m.wg. n‡j Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
4. a:b=b:a n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 2: 3  1:2 M 3:8 N 4:3
A
 a=b L a:b M b:a N
a 12.
b
5. a : b = c : d n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) h
K ac = bd L ab = cd
B C
M ab = bd  ad = bc D a
a c ABC Gi †ÿÎdj Kx n‡e? (mnR)
6. = n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 1
b d K ah eM© GKK  ah eM© GKK
2
a+b c+d ab cd
 = L = 1
a−b c−d b c M 2ah eM© GKK N ah GKK
2
a+b c+d A A
M
ab
=
cd
N ac = bd 13.
7. `ywU wÎfzR †ÿ‡Îi D”PZv mgvb n‡j Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj Kx n‡e?(mnR)
K mgvb L Amgvb M wØ¸Y  mgvbycvwZK D E B C
8. `ywU wÎfzR †ÿ‡Îi D”PZv mgvb n‡j Zv‡ì f‚wg Kx n‡e? (mnR)
K mgvb L Amgvb M j¤^  mgvbycvwZK
D B C D E
9. A
wP‡Î, DE †iLvsk ABC Gi BC evûi mgvšÍivj| DE,
AB I AC evûØq‡K A_ev Zv‡ì ewa©ZvskØq‡K h_vµ‡g D
h I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
h
Zvn‡j †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
B C K AD : AB = AC : BC  AD : DB = AE : EC
a E a F
M AD : DE = AE : CD N AD : AE = BE : CD
 †ÿÎ ABC-Gi †ÿÎdj :  †ÿÎ DEF-Gi †ÿÎdj = KZ? (mnR)
14. ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC evûi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLv hw` AB I 22. a : b = 5 : 3 n‡jÑ
AC evû‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i Z‡e wb‡Pi i. a + b : b = 8 : 3
†KvbwU mwVK n‡e? (ga¨g) ii. a − b : b = 2 : 3
AB AE AC AD AB AC AD AC a+b 8
K L  N iii. =
=
AD AC
=
AE AB
=
AD AE
=
AB AE a−b 2
15. A wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
P Q e¨vL¨v : a : b = 5 : 3
a 5 a+b 5+3 a+b 8
ev, b = 3 ev, a − b = 5 − 3 ev, a − b = 2
B C 23. A
wP‡Î, BC  PQ, AP = 5 †m.wg., BP = 10 †m.wg. Ges AQ
= 8 †m.wg. n‡j, QC = KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K 12 L 15  16 N 18 D E
AP AQ 5 8
e¨vL¨v : BP = QC ev, 10 = QC ev, 5QC = 80  QC = 16
16. ABC-Gi AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D I E B C
n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
AD : BD = AE : CE n‡jÑ
K BC = DE  BC  DE
M AD = BC N AE = BC i. BC = DE
17. ABC mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri AB = AC = 12 †m.wg.| BC evûi ii. BC  DE
ga¨we›`y D Ges BA  DE †hLv‡b E we›`y AC evûi Ici iii. BED = CDE
Aew¯’Z| AE = KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K4 6 M8 N 12 K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
18. A
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 24Ñ26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E F
A D
B C
wP‡Îi, BF I CE h_vµ‡g B I C-Gi mgwØLÊK Ges h h
BC  EF n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) B C E F
K AB = BC  AB = AC b P a Q
M AC = BC N BC = EF 24.  †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj Kx n‡e? (mnR)
1
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K bh eM© GKK  bh eM© GKK
2
19. a : b = x : y n‡jÑ M 2bh eM© GKK
1
N bh eM© GKK
i. b : a = y : x (e¨¯ÍKiY) 4
ii. a : x = b : y (Avo¸Yb)
25.  †ÿÎ DEF Gi †ÿÎdj Kx n‡e? (mnR)
1
iii. ay = bx (Avo¸Yb) K ah eM© GKK L ah eM© GKK
4
 ah eM© GKK N 4ah eM© GKK
20. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 26. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj : DEF Gi †ÿÎdj mgvb wb‡Pi
i. a : b = c : d n‡j, ad = bc (Avo¸Yb) †KvbwU? (KwVb)
ii. a : b = x : y n‡j, a + b : b = x + y : y [†hvRb]  BC : EF L AB : DE
p e p+q e+f 1
M AC : DF N ab : dh
iii. = n‡j, = [†hvRb-we‡qvRb] 2
q f p−q e−f
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 27Ñ29 bsA cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
D E
i. `ywU wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv mgvb n‡j G‡ì †ÿÎdj mgvb
ii. `ywU wÎfzR †ÿ‡Îi D”PZv mgvb n‡j G‡ì †ÿÎdj
B C
mgvbycvwZK AB = 20 †m.wg. Ges AD = 12 †m.wg. Ges DE  BC|
iii. `ywU wÎfzR †ÿ‡Îi D”PZv mgvb n‡j G‡ì f‚wg ci¯úi AC
mgvbycvwZK n‡e 27. AE = KZ? (ga¨g)
K
5

20
M
12
N
4
AE
28. CE = KZ? (ga¨g)
30. x Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
K3 L4
12 3 8 8 5 N6
 L M N
8 8 3 12 e¨vL¨v : ADE I ABC m`„k
AC AD DE
29. CE
= KZ? (mnR)  =
AB BC
3 3 53
8 10 20 5  = ev, x = =5
K L  N 5 x 3
20 20 8 8 31. y Gi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 30 I 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  2.67 L 2.76
A M 3.58 N 4.35
AC AB
e¨vL¨v : AE = AD
3
D 4 4+y 5 20
2 ev, 4
= ev, 4 + y =
3 3
3 20 − 12 8
B DE  BC 20
ev, y = 3 − 4 = 3 = 3 = 2.67
E
x
y

32. `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj A
wK‡mi mgvbycvwZK? 3 4
K wki‡KvYØ‡qi L j¤^Ø‡qi
D E
M cwimxgvØ‡qi  D”PZvØ‡qi 3 y
33.
A B x C
DE || BC n‡jÑ
39. BC Gi `~iZ¡ KZ?
K2 L3 5 N6
B D C 40. CE = KZ?
wP‡Î, AB = 5 †m. wg. AC = 8 †m. wg. AD = 4 †m. wg., K 295 M 45  267 N 333
BC = 10 †m. wg. n‡j, ABC Gi D”PZv I f‚wgi AbycvZ wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 41Ñ43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
KZ? A
1 4 2 5
K L  N
2 5 5 4
34. SCHOOL k‡ãi †Kvb K‡Y©i AmsL¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †eM i‡q‡Q?
KS LC MH O
B C
35. `ywU mgvb wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi f‚wgØqmgvb n‡j Zv‡ì D”PZvØq
41. BC evûi Ici Aw¼Z e‡M©i †ÿÎdj KZ?
ci¯úiÑ
K 19 eM© †m. wg.  1764 eM© †m. wg.
K mgvb  Amgvb
M 10 eM© †m. wg. N 20 eM© †m. wg.
M mgvbycvwZK N e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK
42. AD Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
36. `ywU wÎfzR m`„k‡KvYx n‡j mgvb mgvb †KvY `yBwU‡K ejv
K 78 †m. wg. L 8 †m. wg.
nqÑ
M 6 †m. wg.  72 eM© †m. wg.
K GKvšÍi †KvY  Abyiƒc †KvY
43. ABC Gi †ÿÎ dj KZ?
M mgvšÍi †KvY N wecÖZxc †KvY
K 72 eM© †m. wg.  1512 eM© †m. wg.
37. `ywU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸wj mgvbycvwZK n‡j wÎfzRØq Ñ
M 20 eM© †m. wg. N 22 eM© †m. wg.
K mg‡KvYx  m`„k‡KvYx M me©mg N ev¯‘‡KvYx
38. ABC Gi BC evûi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLv AB I AC
ABC I DEF m`„k
evû‡K h_vµ‡g D I E we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j †KvbwU mwVK? D
A
 AD, BD = AE, CE L AB, BD = AC, CE
M AB, AC = BC, DE N AD, AE = CE, BD 1 1
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 39 I 40bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
B 2 C B 4 F
44. AB : DE = KZ?
 1:1 L 1:2 M2:1 N 4:1
AB BC AC
45. ( 
DE EF

DF ) ( ) = KZ?
 1:2 L 1:4 M1:8 N 2:3

œ 1  ABC I DEF `yBwU wÎfyR hv‡ì D”PZv mgvb|
cÖk- mgvšÍivj hyM‡ji g‡a¨
K. wPÎ AuvK Ges †`LvI †h, wÎfyRØ‡qi †ÿÎd‡ji Aew¯’Z]
AbycvZ Zv‡ì f‚wgØ‡qi Abycv‡Zi mgvb| 2 APQ APQ
 =
BPQ CPQ
L. PQ †iLvsk ABC wÎfy‡Ri BC evûi mgvšÍivj
AP AQ
n‡j cÖgvY Ki, AP : BP = AQ : CQ| 4 (4) AZGe, BP = CQ
M. AB = 6 †m.wg., AC = 4 †m.wg. Ges AP = 2 A_©vr, AP : BP = AQ : CQ
†m.wg. n‡j AQ Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AB = 6 †m.wg.
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ÔLÕ †_‡K Avgiv cvB, (wPÎÑ1)
K. AP : BP = AQ : CQ
A D AP AQ
ev, BP = CQ
BP CQ
ev, AP = AQ [wecixZKiY K‡i]
h h
BP + AP CQ + AQ
ev, AP = AQ [†hvRb K‡i]
B H C E G F
AB AC
g‡b Kwi, wÎfyR‡ÿÎ ABC I DEF Gi f‚wg h_vµ‡g BC I ev, AP = AQ
EF Ges D”PZv h_vµ‡g AH I DG †hLv‡b, AH = DG = h AC  AP
myZivs ABC : DEF ev, AQ = AB
42
= (12  BC  AH) : (12  EF  DG) =
6
†m.wg.
= (BC  h) : (EF  h) = 1.3 †m.wg.
= BC : EF  AQ = 1.3 †m.wg.
 wÎfyRØ‡qi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ Zv‡ì f‚wgØ‡qi Abycv‡Zi cÖk-
œ 2  †Ìqv Av‡Q, DE †iLvsk ABC Gi BC evûi mgvšÍivj
mgvb| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv) Ges AB : AD = AC : AE.
L. K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvK| 2
A A
L. AP †iLvsk AšÍt¯’ A †K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i Ges
BC evû‡K P we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j cÖgvY Ki †h,
P Q B C
BP : CP = AB : AC. 4
M. AB = 14 †m.wg., AQ = 8 †m.wg. I CP = 4
†m.wg. n‡j, ABC Gi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4
B C P Q
PQ †iLvsk AB I AC evûØq‡K A_ev Zv‡ì ewa©ZvskØq‡K  2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
h_vµ‡g P I Q we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, K. cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv|
AP : BP = AQ : CQ A
A¼b : P, C I Q, B †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv D E
(1) APQ I BPQ GKB D”PZv wewkó| [ÔKÕ Gi cÖgvY]

APQ AP B
 = C
BPQ BP
(2) Avevi, APQ I CPQ L.
GKB D”PZv wewkó|
APQ AQ
 =
CPQ CQ
[ÔKÕ Gi cÖgvY]
(3) wKš‘ BPQ = CPQ [GKB f‚wg PQ I GKB
Q
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wPÎ wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jvÑ
A A
B P C B C
†Ìqv Av‡Q, AP †iLvsk ABC Gi AšÍt¯’ A †K D
mgwØLwÊZ K‡i Ges BC evû‡K P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AD †iLvsk ABC Gi AšÍt¯’ A †K
A¼b : AP †iLvs‡ki mgvšÍivj K‡i C we›`y w`‡q Giƒc mgwØLwÊZ K‡i BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| †`Lv‡Z
CQ †iLvsk A¼b Kwi †hb Zv BA evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K Q n‡e BD : DC = BA : AC.
E
cÖgvY :
A
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) BCQ-Gi QC  AP [A¼b]
BA : QA = BP : CP [ÔKÕ Gi cÖgvY]
(2) †h‡nZz PA  CQ Ges BQ I AC B D C
A¼b : DA †iLvs‡ki mgvšÍivj C we›`y w`‡q CE †iLvsk
Zv‡ì †Q`K
A¼b Kwi| †hb Zv ewa©Z BA evû‡K E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
 AQC = BAP [Abyiƒc †KvY]
cÖgvY :
Ges ACQ = CAP [GKvšÍi †KvY]
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(3) wKš‘ BAP = CAP [¯^xKvi] 1. †h‡nZz DA  CE Ges BC I AC Zv‡ì [A¼b]
ACQ = AQC †Q`K
 AC = AQ AEC = BAD [Abyiƒc
(4) BA : QA = BP : CP [avcÑ1] Ges AEC = CAD †KvY]
ev, AB : AQ = BP : CP 2. wKš‘ BAD = CAD [¯^xKvi]
ev, AB : AC = BP : CP [avcÑ3]  AEC = ACE
 BP : CP = AB : AC (cÖgvwYZ)  AC = AE [Dccv`¨ 1]
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AB = 14 †m.wg. 3. Avevi, †h‡nZz DA  CE,
BD BA
AQ = 8 †m.wg.  =
DC AE
CP = 4 †m.wg. 4. wKš‘ AE = AC [avc (2)]
ÔLÕ Ask †_‡K cvB, BP : CP = AB : AC BD BA
BP AB  =
DC AC
ev, CP = AC
BD : DC = BA : AC (cÖgvwYZ)
BP AB
ev, CP = AQ [AC = AQ = 10 †m.wg.]
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC wÎfz‡Ri A we›`y †_‡K Aw¼Z AD mij
CP  AB 4  14 †iLvsk BC evû‡K D we›`y‡Z Giƒ‡c AšÍt¯’fv‡e wef³
ev, BP = AQ = 8
K‡i‡Q †h, BD : DC = BA : AC.
 BP = 7 †m.wg.
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AD †iLvsk BAC Gi mgwØLÊK
 BC = BP + CP = (7 + 4) †m.wg. = 11 †m.wg.
A_©vr BAD = CAD.
GLb, ABC-Gi cwimxgv 2S = AB + AC + BC A¼b : DA †iLvs‡ki mgvšÍivj K‡i C we›`y w`‡q Giƒc
ev, 2S = (14 + 8 + 11) †m.wg. CE †iLvsk A¼b Kwi †hb Zv BA evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K E
ev, 2S = 33 †m.wg. we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
33
ev, S = 2 †m.wg. cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
 S = 16.5 †m.wg.
1. BCE Gi DA  CE [A¼b]
œ 3  ABC GKwU wÎfzR| A Gi mgwØLÊK †iLv AD hv BC
cÖk-  BA : AE = BD : DC [Dccv`¨ 1]
†K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| 2. wKš‘ BD : DC = BA : AC [¯^xKvi]
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK| 2  BA : AE = BA : AC
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BD : DC = BA : AC 4  AE = AC
M. hw` BD : DC = BA : AC nq Z‡e cÖgvY Ki †h, AZGe ACE = AEC [mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri
AD †iLvB BAC Gi mgwØLÊK| 4 f‚wgmsjMœ †KvY `yBwU
mgvb|]
3. wKš‘ AEC = BAD [Abyiƒc †KvY] S
Ges ACE = CAD [GKvšÍi †KvY] A D

AZGe, BAD = CAD [avc 2 †_‡K] E F
A_©vr AD †iLvsk BAC Gi
B C
mgwØLÊK| (cÖgvwYZ)
A¼b : AB Gi ga¨we›`y E Ges CD Gi ga¨we›`y F AuvwK|
œ 4  ABCD GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi KY©, AC I BD ci¯úi
cÖk- O E, F †hvM Kwi| BA I CD †K ewa©Z Ki‡j S we›`y‡Z †Q`
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| K‡i|
K. DcwiD³ Z_¨vbyhvqx wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 cÖgvY : E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, UªvwcwRqv‡gi KY©Øq O we›`y‡Z GKB  AE = BE
Abycv‡Z wef³ nq| 4 GLb, AB = BE + AE = 2AE
M. cÖgvY Ki †h, BA I CD evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`yi Avevi, F, CD Gi ga¨we›`y|
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi mgvšÍivj| 4  CF = DF
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GLb, DC = 2DF
Avgiv Rvwb, wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv GKevûi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv
K. Aci `yB evû‡K mgvb Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i|
A D GLb, SBC G AD||BC
AK DS
O  =
AB DC
AS DS
ev, 2AE = 2DF
B C
AS DS
L. BOC I AOD-G ev, AE = DF [Dfqc‡ÿ 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
OBC = GKvšÍi ODA, OCB = GKvšÍi OAD Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv wÎfz‡Ri `yBevû‡K mgvb
Ges BOC = wecÖZxc AOD Abycv‡Z wef³ Ki‡j, D³ mij‡iLv wÎfzRwUi Z…Zxq evûi
myZivs BOC I AOD m`„k‡KvYx Ges m`„k| mgvšÍvj n‡e|
AK KD
AO DO
 OC = OB (cÖgvwYZ) [`yBwU m`„k wÎfz‡Ri Abyiƒc GLb, KEF G AE = DF
evû¸‡jv mgbycvwZK|]  AD || EF
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AD ||BC
 AD||BC||EF
A_©vr EF, AD Ges BC mgvšÍivj (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 5
cÖk- K. ABC Gi AB I BC evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D I E nIqv
A 1
wÎfzR ADE Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 (ABC Gi †ÿÎdj)
†Ìqv Av‡Q, ADE Gi †ÿÎdj 5 eM© †m.wg.
D E  ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 4  ADE Gi †ÿÎdj
= 4  5 eM© †m.wg.
B C = 20 eM© †m.wg.
wP‡Î DE  BC Ges D I E n‡jv AB I AC evûi ga¨we›`y| L. Abykxjbx 14.1 Gi Dccv`¨ 1 †`L|
K. ADE Gi †ÿÎdj 5 eM© †m.wg. n‡j ABC Gi M. Abykxjbx 14.1 Gi 4 bs mgvavb †`L|
œ 6
cÖk-
L. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h,
A D
AD : BD = AE : EC. 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki DBCE GKwU UªvwcwRqvg| cÖgvY Ki
DBCE UªvwcwRqv‡gi Zxh©K evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`yi
ms‡hvRK †iLvsk mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi mgvšÍivj| 4 B C E F
X Y
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  DcwiD³ wÎfzRØ‡qi AX I DY h_vµ‡g BC I EF Gi Ici
j¤^|
K. mgvbycv‡Zi e¨¯ÍKiY I GKvšÍKiY ag© †jL| 2 L. wÎfzR‡ÿÎØ‡qi †ÿ‡Î AX = DY n‡j A_©vr G‡ì D”PZv mgvb
L. AX = DY n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, ABC : DEF = n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj I f‚wg mgvbycvwZK n‡e|
BC : EF 4 1
GLv‡b, wÎfzR‡ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 BC  AX
M. AX  DY Ges wÎfzRØq m`„k‡KvYx n‡j cÖgvY Ki
†h, AX : DY = AB : DE 4 1
Ges wÎfzR‡ÿÎ DEF Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 EF  DY
AZGe ABC : DEF = 2 BC  AX : 2 EF  DY
K. mgvbycv‡Zi e¨¯ÍKiY ag©wU n‡jvÑ
a : b = x : y n‡j, b : a = y : x
A_©vr ABC : DEF = BC : EF [ AX = DY] (cÖgvwYZ)
mgvbycv‡Zi GKvšÍKiY ag© n‡jvÑ M. Abykxjbx 14.1 Gi 8 bs mgvavb `ªóe¨|
a : b = x : y n‡j, a : x = b : y

œ 7  ABC Gi A Gi mgwØLÊK BC †K D we›`y‡Z †Q`
cÖk- L. AD †iLv ABC Gi ga¨gv Ges, BC †iLv D we›`y‡Z †Q`
K‡i| BC Gi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLvsk AB I AC †K h_vµ‡g E Ki‡j †`LvI †h, EF  BC. 4
I F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| M. E, AB Gi ga¨we›`y Ges EF  BC n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, EF
K. mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎ AuvK| 2 †iLv AC †iLv‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| 4
L. cÖgvY Ki BD : DC = BE : CF 4 œ 9  PQRS GKwU UªvwcwRqvg †hLv‡b PQ > RS, PQ ||RS Ges
cÖk-
M. BC †K f‚wg a‡i, ABC-Gi j¤^ 18 †m.wg., AE = 12 PS I QR evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g M I N.
†m.wg., AF = 10 †m.wg. Ges BD = 6 †m.wg. n‡j, ABC K. wPÎ Gu‡K eY©bv †jL Ges wZh©K evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`y wPwýZ K‡i
Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 †hvM Ki| 2
DËi : M. 99 eM© †m.wg.| L. cÖgvY Ki, wZh©K evûØ‡qi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLvsk
œ 8  EF mij‡iLv ABC Gi AB I AC evû‡K ev Zvi
cÖk- mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi mgvšÍivj| 4
ewa©Zvsk‡K E I F we›`y‡Z mgvb Abycv‡Z wef³ K‡i| M. UªvwcwRqv‡gi g‡a¨ MN||DF AuvK †hb PS : SD = 9: 4 nq|
K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbyhvqx ABC Gi wPÎ AuvK| 2 QE = 6 †m.wg. n‡j, RE Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4
 m`„kZv (Similarity)
m`„k‡KvYx eûfyR : mgvb msL¨K evûwewkó `yBwU eûfy‡Ri GKwUi †KvY¸‡jv hw` avivevwnKfv‡e AciwUi †KvY¸‡jvi mgvb nq,
Z‡e eûfyR `yBwU‡K m`„k‡KvYx (equiangular) ejv nq|
P
D C S R
A
B A B P Q
C Q R
m`„k eûfyR : mgvb msL¨K evûwewkó `yBwU eûfy‡Ri GKwUi kxl©we›`y¸‡jv‡K hw` avivevwnKfv‡e AciwUi kxl©we›`y¸‡jvi m‡½
Ggbfv‡e wgj Kiv hvq †h, eûfyR `yBwUi (1) Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv mgvb nq Ges (2) Abyiƒc evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ¸‡jv mgvb nq, Z‡e
eûfyR `yBwU‡K m`„k (Similar) eûfyR ejv nq|
`yBwU wÎfy‡Ri kxl©we›`y¸‡jvi †KvY wgjKi‡Yi d‡j m`„kZvi msÁvq DwjøwLZ kZ© `yBwUi GKwU mZ¨ n‡j AciwUI mZ¨ nq Ges
wÎfyR `yBwU m`„k nq| A_©vr m`„k wÎfyR me©`v m`„k‡KvYx Ges m`„k‡KvYx wÎfyR me©`v m`„k|
`yBwU wÎfyR m`„k‡KvYx n‡j Ges G‡ì †Kv‡bv GK‡Rvov Abyiƒc evû mgvb n‡j wÎfyRØq mg©mg nq| `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri
Abyiƒc evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ aªæeK|
 wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z †iLvs‡ki wefw³KiY
mgZ‡j `yBwU wfbœ we›`y A I B Ges m I n †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v n‡j Avgiv ¯^xKvi K‡i wbB †h, AB †iLvq Ggb Abb¨ we›`y
X Av‡Q †h, X we›`ywU A I B we›`yi AšÍe©Z©x Ges AX : XB = m : n. m n
A X B
Ic‡ii wP‡Î, AB †iLvsk X we›`y‡Z m : n Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³ n‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j, AX : XB = m : n.

cÖkœ \ 1\ wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : avc h_v_©Zv
i. `yBwU ivwki Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì AbycvZ we‡ePbv Kiv nq (1) ABC I PQR m`„k
ii. AbycvZ wbY©‡qi Rb¨ ivwk `yBwU GKB GK‡K cwigvc Ki‡Z nq  A = P, B = Q Ges C = R [cÖ`Ë kZ© Abyhvqx]
iii. AbycvZ wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î ivwk `ywU GKB RvZxq n‡Z nq (2) Avevi, DEF I PQR m`„k
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  D = P, E = Q Ges F = R [cÖ`Ë kZ© Abyhvqx]
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii  i, ii I iii (3) AZGe, A = D, B = E Ges C = F
A  ABC I DEF m`„k‡KvYx
5 8  ABC I DEF m`„k| (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖkœ \ 7 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri GKwUi GKwU m~²‡KvY

B C
D
10 AciwUi GKwU m~²‡Kv‡Yi mgvb n‡j, wÎfyR `yBwU m`„k n‡e|
Dc‡ii wP‡Îi Z_¨vbymv‡i (2 I 3) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : mgvavb :
cÖkœ \ 2 \ ABC Gi D”PZv I f‚wgi AbycvZ KZ? A D
1 4 2 5
K. 2 L. 5 
5
N. 4
AD 4 2
e¨vL¨v : BC = 10 = 5
cÖkœ \ 3 \ ABD Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK?
B C E F
6 L. 20 M. 40 N. 50 we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri
e¨vL¨v : ABD G, BD = AB2 − AD2 = 52 − 42 = 3 B I E = GK mg‡KvY Ges C = F|
1
 ABD =  3  4 = 6
2
eM© GKK cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC I DEF m`„k|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ ABC-G PQ  BC n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖgvY :
A avc h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC I DEF-G
B = E [DfqB mg‡KvY]
P Q (2) C = F [cÖ`Ë kZ©vbymv‡i]
B C
(3) Aewkó A = Aewkó D
 AP : PB = AQ : QC L. AB : PQ = AC : PQ  ABC I DEF m`„k‡KvYx
M. AB : AC = PQ : BC N. PQ : BC = BP : BQ  ABC I DEF m`„k
cÖkœ \ 5 \ GKwU e‡M©i m‡e©v”P (†gvU) KZwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? A_©vr, wÎfyR `yBwU m`„k| (cÖgvwYZ)
K. 10wU L. 8wU M. 6wU  4wU cÖkœ \ 8 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri mg‡KŠwYK kxl© †_‡K
cÖkœ \ 6 \ cÖgvY Ki †h, `yBwU wÎfy‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU hw` Z…Zxq GKwU AwZfy‡Ri Dci j¤^ AuvK‡j †h `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfyR Drcbœ nq, Zviv
wÎfy‡Ri m`„k nq, Z‡e Zviv ci¯úi m`„k| ci¯úi m`„k Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K g~j wÎfy‡Ri m`„k|
mgvavb : mgvavb :
A D P A
B C E F Q R
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF DfqB PQR-Gi B D C
m`„k| A_©vr, A = P, B = Q, C = R we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfyR| Gi A =
AB BC AC GK mg‡KvY Ges BC-Gi AwZfyR| mg‡KŠwYK kxl© A †_‡K
Ges PQ = QR = PR
AwZfyR BC-Gi Dci AD j¤^| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
Avevi, D = P, E = Q, F = R ABD I ACD m`„k Ges ABD I ACD DfqB ABC-Gi
DE EF DF
Ges PQ = QR = PR m`„k|
cÖgvY :
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC I DEF ci¯úi m`„k|
avc h_v_©Zv
cÖgvY :
(1) ABC I ABD-Gi g‡a¨
BAC = ADB [cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY] mgvavb :
ABC = ABD [mvaviY †KvY] A D
 Aewkó ACB = Aewkó BAD
 ABC I ABD ci¯úi m`„k‡KvYx
 ABC I ABD m`„k
(2) Avevi, ABC I ACD-Gi g‡a¨ B M C
BAC = ADC [cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY]
N
ACB = ACD [mvaviY †KvY] we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki A kxl© †_‡K
 Aewkó ABC = Aewkó CAD
GKwU †iLvsk BC evû‡K M we›`y‡Z Ges DC evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K N
 ABC I ACD ci¯úi m`„k‡KvYx
 ABC I ACD m`„k
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BM  DN GKwU
(3) †h‡nZz, ABC I ABD m`„k [1bs †_‡K] aªæeK|
Avevi, ABC I ACD m`„k [2bs †_‡K] cÖgvY :
 ABD I ACD m`„k [1 I 2bs Zzjbv K‡i] avc h_v_©Zv
myZivs, ABD I ACD ci¯úi m`„k (1) ABM I ADN-G
Ges g~j ABC-Gi m`„k| (cÖgvwYZ) BAM = AND [GKvšÍi †KvY]
cÖkœ \ 9 \ cv‡ki wP‡Î, B = D Ges
D
ABM = ADN [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ

CD = 4AB| cÖgvY Ki †h, BD = 5BL A
L
B
†KvY e‡j]
 Aewkó AMB = Aewkó DAN
C
mgvavb :
 ABM I ADN ci¯úi m`„k‡KvYx
D
myZivs Zviv m`„k|
A
L
(2) †h‡nZz ABM I ADN m`„k
BM AB
 =
B AD DN
C ev, BM  DN = AB  AD
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, B = D Ges CD = 4AB cÖgvY (3) wKš‘ AB I AD, ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BD = 5BL `yBwU mwbœwnZ evû| myZivs AB I AD
cÖgvY :
wbw`©ó Ges Zv‡ì ¸Ydj aªæeK|
avc h_v_©Zv
 BM  DN = aªæeK
(1) ABL I CDL-Gi g‡a¨
B = D [†Ìqv Av‡Q] A_©vr, BM  DN GKwU aªæeK| (cÖgvwYZ)
D
ALB = CLD [wecÖZxc †KvY e‡j] cÖkœ \ 11\ cv‡ki wP‡Î BD ⊥ AC
 Aewkó BAL = Aewkó LCD 1
Ges DQ = BQ = 2AQ = 2QC.
A C
 ABL I CDL m`„k‡KvYx cÖgvY Ki †h, DA ⊥ DC.
Q
myZivs Giv m`„k|

B
(2) †h‡nZz ABL I CDL m`„k mgvavb :
DC DL D
 =
AB BL
[Dccv`¨ 5]
DC + AB DL + BL
ev, AB = BL [†hvRb K‡i] A C
Q
4AB + AB BD
ev, AB = BL
B
5AB BD
ev, AB = BL we‡kl wbe©Pb : wP‡Î †Ìqv Av‡Q BD ⊥ AC Ges DQ = BQ =
1
BD 2AQ = QC, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, DA ⊥ DC.
ev, 5 = BL 2
cÖgvY :
 BD = 5BL (cÖgvwYZ) avc h_v_©Zv
cÖkœ \ 10 \ ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki A kxl© w`‡q Aw¼Z GKwU (1) ABQ I ADQ mg‡KvYx wÎfyRØ‡q,
BQ = DQ
†iLvsk BC evû‡K M we›`y‡Z Ges DC evûi ewa©Zvsk‡K N we›`y‡Z
Ges AQ mvaviY
†Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, BM  DN GKwU aªæeK|
 ABQ  ADQ cÖkœ \ 13 \ ABC-Gi A-Gi mgwØLÊK AD, BC-†K D we›`y‡Z
 AB = AD †Q` K‡i‡Q| DA-Gi mgvšÍivj CE †iLvsk ewa©Z BA evû‡K E
 ABQ = ADQ we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
(2) Avevi, BQ = 2AQ K. Z_¨ Abymv‡i wPÎwU A¼b Ki|
AQ 1
ev, BQ = 2 L. cÖgvY Ki †h, BD : DC = BA : AC
M. BC Gi mgvšÍivj †Kv‡bv †iLvsk AB I AC †K h_vµ‡g P I Q
1
Ges DQ = 2 QC we›`y‡Z †Q` Ki‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, BD t DC = BP t CQ.
DQ 1 mgvavb :
ev, QC = 2 K. DÏxc‡Ki Z_Äbymv‡i wb‡P wPÎwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
E
AQ DQ 1
 = =
BQ QC 2
AQ BQ
 =
DQ QC
Ges AQB = DQC A
 ABQ I DQC m`„k

 BAQ = QDC
(3) Avevi, ADC = ADQ + QDC B D C
ev, ADC =ABQ +BAQ L.

we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC-Gi A-Gi mgwØLÊK BC
wKš‘ ABQ + BAQ = 90 [ AQB = 90]
evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| DA †iLvi mgvšÍivj K‡i C we›`y
 ADC = 90
w`‡q CE †iLvsk AuvwK hv ewa©Z BA-†K E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
 DA ⊥ DC (cÖgvwYZ)
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BD : DC = BA : AC
cÖkœ \ 12 \ ABC I DEF Gi A = D| cÖgvY Ki †h, cÖgvY :
ABC t DEF = AB.AC t DE.DF. avc h_v_©Zv
mgvavb : (1) †h‡nZz DA  CE [A¼b]
C F
BAD = AEC [Aby i ƒc †KvY]
Ges ACE = CAD [GKvšÍi †KvY]
(2) wKš‘ BAD = CAD [¯^xKvi]
 AEC = ACE
 AC = AE [mgvb mgvb †Kv‡Yi
A P B D Q E wecixZ evû¸‡jv mgvb]
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC I DEF Gi A = D| cÖgvY (3) Avevi, †h‡nZz EC  AD
Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC : DEF = AB. AC : DE. DF BD BA
 =
DC AE
A¼b : C I F we›`y †_‡K AB I DE-Gi Ici h_vµ‡g CP I FQ BD BA
j¤^ AuvwK| ev, DC = AC [(2) †_‡K]
cÖgvY :  BD : DC = BA : AC (cÖgvwYZ)
avc h_v_©Zv M.
(1) ACP I DFQ-Gi g‡a¨ E
A = D [†Ìqv Av‡Q]
APC = DQF [cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY]
 Aewkó ACP = Aewkó DFQ A
 ACP I DFQ m`„k‡KvYx
P Q
 ACP I DFQ m`„k
(2) †h‡nZz ACP I DFQ m`„k
AC CP
 =
DF FQ
[Dccv`¨-5] B D C
we‡kl wbe©Pb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC-Gi A-Gi mgwØLÊK BC
1
AB.CP evû‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| DA †iLvi mgvšÍivj K‡i C we›`y
ABC 2
(3) GLb, DEF = 1 w`‡q CE †iLvsk AuvwK hv ewa©Z BA-†K E we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
2
DE.FQ BC-Gi mgvšÍivj PQ †iLvsk AB I AC-†K h_vµ‡g P I Q
ABC AB.CP AB . CP we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BD : DC = BP : CQ
ev, DEF = DE.FQ = DE FQ
cÖgvY :
ABC AB . AC
ev, DEF = DE DF [(2) †_‡K] avc h_v_©Zv
 ABC : DEF = AB.AC : DE.DF (cÖgvwYZ)
(1) ABC-Gi A-Gi mgwØLÊK AD
BD BA
 =
DC AC
[Dccv`¨-3]
(2) Avevi, PQ||BC [A¼b] 
AM AB BC
= =
AP AQ DN DE EF
= ABC BC.BC BC2
PB QC
 = =
DEF EF.EF EF2
[2bs †_‡K]
AP + PB AQ + QC
ev, PB = QC [†hvRb K‡i] AB.AB AC.AC
AB AC
(4) Abyiƒcfv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq †h, DE.DE = DF.DF
ev, PB = QC AB2 AC2
AB PB ev, DE2 = DF2
ev, AC = QC
ABC AB2 AC2 BC2
BD PB  = = =
DEF DE2 DF2 EF2
(cÖgvwYZ)
ev, DC = QC [(1)bs †_‡K]
ev, BD : DC = PB : QC (M) †Ìqv Av‡Q,
A_©vr, BD : DC = PB : QC (cÖgvwYZ) BC 3
=
AB 2
cÖkœ \ 14 \ wP‡Î ABC Ges DEF `yBwU m`„k wÎfyR| 2
A D ev, AB = 3 BC = 23  3 [ BC = 3 †m.wg.]
= 2 †m.wg.
 AB = 2 †m.wg.
Avevi, ABC I DEF m`„k|
B M C E N F
AB BC
 DE = EF
K. wÎfyR `yBwUi Abyiƒc evû I Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jvi bvg †jL|
ABC AB2 AC2 BC2 2 3
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, DEF = DE2 = DF2 = EF2 ev, DE = 8 [  BC = 3 †m. wg. Ges EF = 8 †m. wg.]
BC 3 ev, 3DE = 16
M. hw` BC = 3 †m.wg., EF = 8 †m.wg., B = 60, AB = 2 Ges 16
ev, DE = 3 = 5.33. †m.wg.
ABC = 3 eM© †m.wg. nq, Z‡e DEF A¼b Ki Ges Gi †ÿÎdj
wbY©q Ki| DEF Ges DE = 5.33 †m. wg., EF = 8 †m. wg.
mgvavb : B = E = 60 wÎfyRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
K. wÎfyR `ywUi Abyiƒc evû AB I DE, AC I DF, BC I EF Ges D E
Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jv n‡jv A I D, B I E, C I F E F
L. D M
A D
60
E
60
B M C E N F E F N
we‡kl wbe©Pb :
DEF AuvKv n‡jv hvi E = 60, EF = 8 †m. wg. Ges
g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF wÎfyRØq m`„k| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
DE = 5.33 †m. wg.
ABC AB2 AC2 BC2
= = = DEF Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q :
DEF DE2 DF2 EF2
A¼b : AM⊥BC Ges DN⊥EF AuvwK| ABC I DEF m`„k|
cÖgvY : ABC BC2 32
 DEF = EF2 = 82 [†Ìqv Av‡Q, BC = 3 †m.
avc h_v_©Zv
wg. Ges EF = 8 †m.wg.]
1
(1) ABC = 2 . BC.AM 3 9
ev, DEF = 64
1
Ges DEF = 2. EF.DN 1 3
ev, DEF = 64
1
ABC 2
. BC.AM
BC.AM ev, 3DEF = 64
(2)  = =
DEF 1
. EF.DN
EF.DN ev, DEF = 64
3
eM© †m.wg.
2
 DEF = 213 eM© †m.wg.|
1
(3) wKš‘ ABM Ges DEN Gi g‡a¨
B = E, [¯^xKvi]
AMB = DNE [cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY]
 ABM I DEN m`„k‡KvYx Ges m`„k

1. PQR I MNO m`„k n‡j− wb‡Pi Z_¨ Abymv‡i 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
D
i. P = M, Q = N Ges R = O n‡e B
8
X 6
PQ QR PR
ii. =
MN NO MO
= n‡e O
X
A
iii.  †ÿÎ PQR :  †ÿÎ MNO = OR2 : NO2 n‡e
E C
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [w`. †ev. Õ15]

GLv‡b, AB || DC [Xv. †ev. b. cÖ. Õ15]
 i I ii Li I iii OA OB OD OC AB OD OC AB
 OD = OC L OB = OA M CD = OA N OB = CD
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
3. CE : OE = KZ?
K 1:1 L x:x  3:4 N 8:6

e¨vL¨v : ABC I DEF m`„k| myZivs Zv‡ì †ÿÎdjØ‡qi AbycvZ n‡e †h‡Kv‡bv `yB
142 : m`„kZv evûi Dci Aw¼Z eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji Abycv‡Zi mgvb|
11. ABC Ges DEF m`„k Ges Abyiƒc evûØ‡qi AbycvZ 3 : 2
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
K 6: 4  9:4 M 7:3 N 9:3
4. `yBwU eûfzR m`„k n‡j Zviv Kx n‡e? (mnR) 12. ABC Ges DEF m`„k Ges AB : DE = 3 : 4 n‡j, BC : EF
K m`„k  m`„k‡KvYx mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
M êm`„k N Am`„k K 1: 2 L 2:3 3:4 N 4: 5
e¨vL¨v : `yBwU wÎfzR m`„k‡KvYx n‡j Zv‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv
5. m`„k‡KvYx wÎfzR me©`v Kx n‡e? (mnR) mgvbycvwZK| †h‡nZz ABC I DEF m`„k|
K Am`„k L wem`„k  m`„k N mg‡KvY AB AC BC
 = = =3:4
A DE DF EF
6. D
13. A
D
B C E F B C E F
AB AC BC 6 †m.wg. x †m.wg.
wP‡Î, ABC I DEF Gi = =
DE DF EF
n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU ABC I DEF `ywU m`„k wÎfzR| ABC Gi †ÿÎdj 18
mwVK? (mnR) eM© †m.wg. Ges DEF Gi †ÿÎdj 32 eM© †m.wg. n‡j x
K A = B L B = C Gi gvb KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
 C = F N F = D K 14 L 12 M 10 8
7. `yBwU wÎfzR m`„k‡KvYx n‡j Ges G‡ì †Kv‡bv GK †Rvov ABC Gi †ÿÎdj 62 18 62
e¨vL¨v : = 2 ev, = ev, x2 = 64 ev, x = 8
Abyiƒc evû mgvb n‡j wÎfzRØq Kx nq? (mnR) DEF Gi †ÿÎdj x 32 x2
K mg‡KvYx L ¯’~j‡KvYx 14. A

M m~²‡KvYx  me©mg
8. ABC Ges DEF m`„k Ges AB : DE = 2 : 3 n‡j E F
2 †m.wg.
AC : DF = KZ? (ga¨g) B C
4 †m.wg.
K 1:2  2:3
ABC-G EF  BC, EF = 2 †m.wg. Ges BC = 4 †m.wg. n‡j,
M 3:4 N 4:5
e¨vL¨v : †h‡nZz ABC I DEF m`„k AEF Ges ABC-Gi †ÿÎdjØ‡qi AbycvZ KZ? (ga¨g)
 AC : DF = AB : DE = 2 : 3 K 1:2  1:4 M 2:3 N 9 : 16
9. A
D
e¨vL¨v :
AEF-Gi †ÿÎdj 22 4 1
= 2 = =  AEF : ABC = 1 : 4
ABC-Gi †ÿÎdj 4 16 4
AB AC BC
B C
15. ABC I DEF-Gi =
DE DF EF
= Ges A = 55
x E x F
Dc‡ii wÎfzR `yBwUi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) n‡j D = KZ wWwMÖ? (ga¨g)
AB AC AB AC AB DF AB BC K 30 L 45  55 N 60
 = L = M = N =
DE DF DE EF DE BC DE DF 16. ABC I DEF Gi A = D Ges ABC-Gi †ÿÎdj,
10. ABC I DEF m`„k n‡j, ABC : DEF Gi mgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 BC2 : EF2 L AB2 : AC2 M AC2 : DE2 N BC2 : DF2 DEF-Gi †ÿÎd‡ji wØ¸Y n‡j AB.AC : DE.DF = KZ?(ga¨g)
K 1:2  2:1 M 1:4 N 4:1
3
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi a 6 6  8
e¨vL¨v : wÎfzR `ywU m`„k nIqvq, =
8 16
a=

16
=3
17. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 2
i. `yBwU wPÎ me©mg n‡j †m¸‡jv m`„k 22. b Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
ii. `yBwU wPÎ m`„k n‡j †m¸‡jv me©mg bvI n‡Z cv‡i K8 9 M 12 N 16
b 6 6  24
iii. `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri Abyi~c evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ aªæeK e¨vL¨v : wÎfzR `ywU m`„k nIqvq, 24 = 16 ev, b = 16 = 9
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 23. ABC I DEF Gi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K 8 : 9  9 : 64 M 24 : 64 N 9 : 36
ABC Gi †ÿÎdj 62 36 9
18. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : e¨vL¨v : DEF Gi †ÿÎdj = 162 = 256 = 64
D C S R
A D
A B P Q
B C E F
wP‡Î, ABCD AvqZ I PQRS eM© m`„k‡KvYx| KviYÑ M N
i. Dfq wP‡Îi evûi msL¨v 4 24. cÖ`Ë wÎfzR `yBwU‡Z AC Gi Abyi~c evû wb‡Pi †KvbwU?(mnR)
K EF  DF M DE N DN
ii. Df‡qi †KvY¸‡jv mgvb [cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK mg‡KvY]
25. cÖ`Ë ABC Gi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
iii. G‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ mgvb 1
K AB + BC L  (AB + BC)
1 1
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M  (AM  AB)   (BC  AM)
2 2
19.
A
D 143 : wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z †iLvs‡ki wefw³KiY
4 †m. wg.
26. AB †iLvsk X we›`y‡Z m : n Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³ n‡j

B †m. wg. C E
5 8 †m. wg. F 1
 m:n L m : 2n M 2m : n N m: n
ABC I DEF m`„k n‡jÑ 2
i. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj 10 eM© †m.wg. 27. 3 2
A  B
ii. DEF Gi †ÿÎdj 25.6 eM© †m.wg. C
AB = 8 n‡j, BC = KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. DEF Gi evû ABC Gi Abyiƒc evûi 2 ¸Y
K 2.3  3.2 M 1.6 N 2.6
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) AX
28. BX
= 1 : 2 n‡j, BX Gi ˆ`N©¨ AX Gi
KZ¸Y? (mnR)
20. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K

1
L1 N4
2
2
i. `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK n‡j Abyiƒc evûi
wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv mgvb| enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK n‡j Abyiƒc evûi 29. A B
wecixZ †KvY¸‡jv Amgvb x
iii. `yBwU wÎfzR m`„k‡KvYx n‡j Zv‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv AB = 8 †m.wg. †iLvsk x we›`y‡Z 1 : 3 Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³
mgvbycvwZK n‡jÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb) i. AX : XB = 1 : 3
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. AX = 1 †m.wg.
iii. BX = 6 †m.wg.
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi wÎfzRØq m`„k n‡j 21Ñ23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
D
A Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
8 16
a 6
B b C E 24 F
21. a Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
3 L6 M9 N 12
A D
30. OC = KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
O 6 L7 M 7.5 N 8.5
P 31. DE = KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
K6 7 M8 N9
B E C
wP‡Î ABCD GKwU UªvwcwRqvg| AD = CD, AE  CD, OD = 4
†m.wg., OB = 8 †m.wg., OA = 3 †m.wg. AECD †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
31.5 eM© †m.wg.|

32. eM© I AvqZ m`„k‡KvYx n‡jI Giv m`„k bq
i.
A A `ywU m`„k wÎfzR me©`v m`„k‡KvYx
ii.
`yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri GK‡Rvov Abyiƒc evû mgvb
iii.
n‡j wÎfzRØq me©mg n‡e
B C B C wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wÎfzR `ywU m`„k‡KvYx hvi A = D; B = E Ges C=
41. wP‡Î BC || n‡jÑ
F n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
BC AC AB BC A
K =  =
EF DE DE EF
AC AB AB DE
M = N
DF BF BC BC D E
33.
A
B C
AB AC
i. =
AD AE
E F
AB AC
ii. =
B C BD CE
ABC Gi AB I BC evûi ga¨we›`y E I F Ges BC||EF iii.
AB AC
=
BC DE
Zvn‡j AE2 : AB2 = KZ?
 1:4 L1: 2 M2:1 N 2 :1
AB AC BC  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
34. ABC I DEF Gi =
DE DF EF
= n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU? wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 42 I 43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K A = D. B = F K
L A = 2D, B = 2 F
 A = D, B = B, C = F
D E
N A= 3D, B = 3E, C = 3F
35. ABC G AB = 2AC, BAD = CAD n‡j  †ÿÎ ABD
B C
 †ÿÎ ADC = KZ?
 1:2 L 2:1 M2:3 N 3:2  ABC GBC || DE
36. ABC Ges DEF m`„k Ges Abyiƒc evûØ‡qi AbycvZ 3 : 42. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2 n‡j, Zv‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ KZ? K AD,BC = AE, BE
K 5:1 L 3:2 M 8:2  9:4 L AB, AC = BD , CD
37. `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri Abyiƒc evû¸‡jvi AbycvZ Ñ M DE, BC = AD, AE
K GK L fMœvsk  aªæeK N k~b¨  AD, BD = AE, BC
38. `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri Abyiƒc †ÿÎdjØ‡qi AbycvZ 4 : 43. AB = 6 †m.wg. AC = 45 †m.wg. Ges AE = 27 †m. wg.nq
9| Zv‡ì GKwUi GK evû 36 †m. wg. n‡j, AciwUi Z‡e BD Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
Abyiƒc evû KZ †m.wg. n‡jv? K 14 †m.wg.  24 †m.wg. M 34 †m.wg. N 45 †m.wg.
K 81 †m. wg.  54 †m. wg. M 49 †m. wg. N 64 †m.wg. wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 44 I 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
39. `ywU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri Abyiƒc GK †Rvov evû mgvb n‡j
wÎfzRØq Kx n‡e?
K mgvb  me©mg M Amgvb N mgvšÍivj
K
44. BC Gi `~iZ¡ KZ?
A D
K2 L3 5 N6
E F
45. CE = KZ?
K 25  267 M 35 N 367
B C
D

œ 1
cÖk- A K. ABD I ACD m`„k‡KvYx wK-bv hyw³mn †jL| 2
L. BD Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4

O
M. †`LvI †h, AOB t AOC = 3 t 2. 4
B
D
C  1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
wP‡Î AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm, CD = 2 cm Ges O, AD Gi Dci cÖkœ Am¤ú~Y© _vKvq DËi †Ìqv m¤¢e bq|
†h‡Kv‡bv we›`y| [Xv. †ev. Õ15]

œ 2  ABC I DEF `yBwU m`„k wÎfyR|
cÖk-  BAG = EDH
ABG I DEH m`„k‡KvYx, ZvB m`„k|
K. wÎfyRØ‡qi `yBwU Abyiƒc evû BC I EF evûi Dci h AB BC
wecixZ kxl© A I D n‡Z h_vµ‡g AG I OH j¤^ (3) p = DE = EF [ABC I DEF m`„k]
ABC h BC BC BC BC2
Gu‡K wPÎmn eY©bv †jL| 2  =  =  = (cÖgvwYZ)
DEF p EF EF EF EF2
L. cÖgvY Ki wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdjØ‡qi AbycvZ Zv‡ì †h
M. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC = 27 eM© †m.wg.
†Kv‡bv Abyiƒc evûi Dci Aw¼Z e‡M©i †ÿÎd‡ji DEF = 21 eM© †m.wg.
Abycv‡Zi mgvb| 4 BC = 9 †m.wg.
M. ABC = 27 e.†m.wg., DEF = 21 e.†m.wg., BC Ges DHE : DHF = 1 : 2
= 9 †m.wg. Ges DHE : DHF = 1 : 2 n‡j EH ABC BC2
ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, DEF = 2
Ges FH Gi gvb †ei Ki| 4 EF
BC 2
 DEF 92  21
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, EF2 = ABC = 27 = 63
K. g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF wÎfyRØq m`„k Ges Zv‡ì `yBwU  EF = 63 = 3 7
Avevi, DHE : DHF = 1 : 2
Abyiƒc evû BC I EF. 1
 EH  DH
A D DHE 1 2 1
ev, =
DHF 2
ev, 1
=
2
 FH  DH
2
h p EH 1 EH 1
ev, FH = 2 ev, EF − EH = 2
B G C E H F ev, 2EH = EF − EH
BC I EF Gi Dci h_vµ‡g AG I DH j¤^ AuvwK| ev, 2EH + EH = EF
g‡b Kwi, AG = h, DH = P. ev, 3EH = EF
EF 3 7
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, ABC : DEF = BC2 : EF2 ev, EH = 3 = 3 = 7
cÖgvY :
 FH = 3 7 − 7 = 7(3 − 1) = 2 7 = 5.29
avc h_v_©Zv
1 1 EH = 7 ev, 2.64 †m.wg., FH = 5.29 †m.wg.
(1) ABC = 2BC.h Ges DEF = 2EF.P
œ 3  `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfyR ABC I DEF we‡ePbv Ki|
cÖk-
1 K. wÎfyR `yBwUi Abyiƒc evû I Abyiæc †KvY¸‡jvi bvg
BC.h
ABC 2 h.BC h BC
 = = =  †jL| 2
DEF 1 p.EF p EF
2
EF.p L. cÖgvY Ki, Zv‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK| 4
(2) ABG Ges DEH wÎfyRØ‡qi B = E, M. A †_‡K BC evûi Dci AX Ges D †_‡K EF evûi
AGB = DHE [GK mg‡KvY]
3 3
Dci DY j¤^ AuvK| GLb AX = 2 DY, B = †Ìqv Av‡Q, AX = 2 DY, B = 60 , AB = 8 †m.wg. Ges
60, AB = 8 †m.wg. Ges BC = 9 †m.wg. n‡j BC = 9 †m.wg.
ABC : DEF = KZ? 4 avcmg~n
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  (1) GLb AXB-G sinB = AB
AX
K. A
D ev, AX = AB sinB = 8 sin60
3
=8 =4 3
2
3
B C E F (2) AX = 2 DY
ABC I DEF `ywU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfzR hv‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv 2 2 8 3
n‡jv AB I DE; AC I DF Ges BC I EF, Abyiƒc ev, DY = 3 AX = 3  4 3 = 3
†KvY¸‡jv n‡jv, A I D; B I E Ges C I F| (3) †h‡nZz B = D  D = 60
DY
wÎfyRØq m`„k‡KvYx nIqvq A = D, B = E Ges C = F| DYE-G sin60 =
DE
AB AC BC
L. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, DE = DF = EF DY 8 3 2 16
ev, DE = sin60 = 3  = 3
3
A¼b : ABC I DEF wÎfyRØ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K Abyiƒc evûhyMj AB BC
Amgvb we‡ePbv Kwi| (4) ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, DE = EF
A 16
D 9
BC  DE 3
ev, EF = AB = 8 = 6
P Q
E F 1
B C
AB evû‡Z P we›`y Ges AC evû‡Z Q we›`y wbB †hb AP =
(
(5)  ABC : DEF = 2  BC  AX : ) (12  EF  DY)
= (  9  4 3) :   6 
1 1 8 3
DE Ges AQ = DF nq| P I Q †hvM K‡i A¼b m¤úbœ Kwi|
2 2 3 
cÖgvY :
= 18 3 : 8 3 = 18 : 8 = 9 : 4
avc h_v_©Zv  ABC : DEF = 9 : 4.
(1) APQ I DEF Gi AP = DE œ 4  A I B `ywU we›`y Ges m I n †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK msL¨v|
cÖk-
AQ = DF, A = D [evû-†KvY-evû me©mgZv] AB †iLvq Ggb Abb¨ we›`y D Av‡Q †h, D we›`ywU A I B we›`yi
AZGe, APQ  DEF AšÍe©Zx Ges AD : BD = m : n.
myZivs, APQ = DEF = ABC Ges K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jvi wPÎmn eY©bv †jL| 2
AQP = DEF = ACB L. AB †iLvsk‡K Kxfv‡e m : n Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³
A_©vr PQ †iLvsk I BC evû‡K AB evû Ki‡Z n‡e wPÎ Gu‡K eY©bv `vI| 4
I AC †iLv †Q` Kivq Abyiƒc †KvYhyMj M. GKwU wbw`©ó wÎfz‡Ri m`„k GKwU wÎfzR A¼b
mgvb n‡q‡Q| 3
Ki hvi evû¸‡jv g~j wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi 5 ¸Y| 4
myZivs, PQ  BC;
AB AC  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 =
AP AQ K. mgZ‡j `yBwU wfbœ we›`y A I B Ges m I n †h‡Kv‡bv
AB AC
ev, DE = EF [Dccv`¨Ñ1] ¯^vfvweK msL¨v n‡j Avgiv ¯^xKvi K‡i wbB †h, AB †iLvq
(2) GKBfv‡e BA evû I BC evû †_‡K h_vµ‡g ED †iLvsk Ggb Abb¨ we›`y D Av‡Q †h, D we›`ywU A I B we›`yi
I EF †iLvs‡ki mgvb †iLvsk †K‡U wb‡q †`Lv‡bv hvq †h, AšÍe©Zx| wP‡Î, AB †iLvsk D we›`y‡Z m : n Abycv‡Z
BA BC
= [Dccv`¨Ñ1] AšÍwe©f³ n‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j AD : BD = m : n.
ED EF
m n
AB BC A B
A_©vr DE = EF D

AB AC BC
= = (cÖgvwYZ) L. AB †iLvsk‡K m : n Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
DE DF EF A¼‡bi weeiY : A we›`y‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv †KvY BAX A¼b
M. A D
Kwi Ges AX iwk¥ †_‡K cici AE = m Ges EC = n Ask
†K‡U wbB| B, C †hvM Kwi| E we›`y w`‡q CB Gi mgvšÍivj
ED †iLvsk A¼b Kwi hv AB †K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
Zvn‡j AB †iLvsk D we›`y‡Z m : n Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³
n‡jv|
B X C E Y F
AX⊥BC Ges DY⊥EF A¼b Kwi|
X A¼b : ABC I DEF wÎfzRØ‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K Abyiƒc evûhyMj
C
n Amgvb we‡ePbv Kwi| AB evû‡Z P we›`y Ges AC evû‡Z Q
E we›`y wbB †hb AP = DE Ges AQ = DF nq| P I Q †hvM
m K‡i A¼b m¤úbœ Kwi|
cÖgvY :
A D B
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
M. awi, ABC GKwU wbw`©ó wÎfzR| Ggb GKwU wÎfzR AMN 1. APQ I DEF Gi AP = [A¼bvbymv‡i]
AuvK‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b wÎfzRØq m`„k| myZivs A = A, AB DE, AQ = DF
evû eivei AM Ges AC evû eivei AN we‡ePbv Kwi A = D [Kíbv]
3 AZGe, APQ  DEF [evû-†KvY-evûi
†hLv‡b, AB  5 = AM myZivs APQ = DEF = me©mgZv]
AB 5 ABC Ges AQP =
ev, AM = 3 ev, AB : AM = 5 : 3
DFE = ACB.
GLb, AB evû‡K ÔLÕ Gi A¼‡bi weeiY Abyhvqx M we›`y‡Z A_©vr, PQ †iLvsk I BC
5 : 3 Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³ Kwi| evû‡K AB evû I AC †iLv
†Q` Kivq Abyiƒc †KvYhyMj
mgvb n‡q‡Q|
C [wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv evûi
N myZivs PQ  BC
mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv H
AB AC
 =
AP AQ wÎfz‡Ri Aci evûØq‡K
A B AB AC mgvb Abycv‡Z wef³
M ev, DE = DF K‡i]
2. GKBfv‡e BA evû I BC evû [wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv evûi
†_‡K h_vµ‡g ED †iLvsk I mgvšÍivj mij‡iLv H
GKBfv‡e AC evû‡K N we›`y‡Z 5 : 3 Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³ Kwi| EF †iLvs‡ki mgvb †iLvsk wÎfz‡Ri Aci evûØq‡K
M, N †hvM Kwi| †K‡U wb‡q †`Lv‡bv hvq †h, mgvb Abycv‡Z wef³
myZivs AMN-B wb‡Y©q wÎfzR| BA BC
=
K‡i]
ED EF
œ 5  g‡b Ki ABC I DEF `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfzR|
cÖk- AB BC
A_©vr DE = EF
K. wÎfzR `yBwUi Abyiƒc evû I Abyiƒc †KvY¸‡jvi bvg
AB AC BC
†jL| 2  (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
=
DE DF EF
=
L. †`LvI †h, Zv‡ì Abyiƒc evû¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK| 4 M. g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF wÎfzRØq m`„k Ges Zv‡ì `yBwU
M. wÎfzR `yBwUi Abyiƒc evû h_vµ‡g BC I EF n‡j Abyiƒc evû BC I EF.
cÖgvY Ki †h, ABC : DEF = BC2 : EF2. 4 cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e ABC : DEF = BC2 : EF2
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  A D
K. A
D
B C E F
M N
B C E F
ABC I DEF wÎfzR `yBwUi Abyiƒc evû h_vµ‡gÑ
AB Gi Abyiƒc DE
AC Gi Abyiƒc DF
BC Gi Abyiƒc EF
Avevi, ABC-Gi Abyiƒc †KvY DEF
BAC Gi Abyiƒc †KvY EDF
ACB Gi Abyiƒc †KvY DFE
L. we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I DEF wÎfzRØ‡qi A =
D, B = E Ges C = F cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
AB AC BC
= =
DE DF EF
A
x D
P Q

B  C E F
cÖgvY : B = E m`„k]
avc h_v_©Zv AMB = DNE [cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK
1 1 ABM I DEN m`„k‡KvYx, mg‡KvY]
1. ABC = 2 BC  AM [wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2 ZvB m`„k
1
Ges DEF = 2 EF  DN  f‚wg  D”PZv] AM AB
3. DN = DE = EF
BC [KviY, ABC I
DEF m`„k]
1 ABC BC BC BC2
BC  AM  =  = [avc (3) n‡Z]
ABC 2 DEF EF EF DF2
 = (cÖgvwYZ)
DEF 1  ABC : DEF = BC2 : EF2
EF  DN
2
BC AM
= 
EF DN
2. ABM Ges DEN wÎfzRØ‡qi [ABC I DEF

œ 6  AC I DB mij‡iLv `yBwU Q we›`y‡Z ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e
cÖk- Ges CDQ mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
†Q` K‡i‡Q| A, B; B, C; C, D; D, A †hvM Kiv n‡jv|  CD2 = QC2 + DQ2
K. Dchy³ Z_¨ Abymv‡i R¨vwgwZK wPÎ A¼b Ki| 2 = (4AQ)2 + (2AQ)2
= 16AQ2 + 4AQ2
1
L. DQ = BQ = 2AQ = 2 QC n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, AD  CD = 20AQ2 .............. (ii)
2
⊥ DC. 4 (i) I (ii) mgxKiY †hvM K‡i cvB,

M. B we›`y w`‡q AD Gi mgvšÍivj BE mij‡iLv AD2 + CD2 = 5AQ2 + 20AQ2
= 25AQ2
Ggbfv‡e AuvKv n‡jv †hb, BE = 4AD Ges DAE
= (5AQ)2
= AEB| cÖgvY Ki †h, AE = 5AF. 4 = AC2
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   AD + CD2 = AC2
2
 ADC mg‡KvY|
K. D
 AD ⊥ DC (cÖgvwYZ)
A C
M. D
Q A E
F
B
†Ìqv Av‡Q, AB I CD mij‡iLv `yBwU Q we›`y‡Z ci¯úi B
j¤^fv‡e †Q` K‡i‡Q| A, B; B, C; C, D; D, A †hvM Kiv †Ìqv Av‡Q, B we›`y w`‡q AD Gi mgvšÍivj BE mij‡iLv
n‡jv| Ggbfv‡e AuvKv n‡jv †hb, BE = 4AD I DAE = AEB|
G Z_¨ Abymv‡i Dchy³ wPÎwU AuvKv n‡jv| AE I BD evûØ‡qi †Q`we›`y F| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AE =
1 5AF
L. DQ = BQ = 2AQ = 2 QC n‡j, cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AD ⊥ DC| cÖgvY : ADF I BEF G
1 DAE = AEB
cÖgvY : †h‡nZz DQ = BQ = 2AQ = QC
2 AFD = BFE
 QC = 2DQ Ges ADF = FBE
= 2.2AQ  ADF I BEF wÎfzRØq m`„k‡KvYx I ZvB m`„k|
= 4AQ BE EF
 =
 AC = AQ + QC AD AF
= AQ + 4AQ 4AD EF
ev, AD = AF
= 5AQ
GLb, ADQ mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R EF
ev, 4 = AF
2 2 2
AD = AQ + DQ
EF + AF 4 + 1
= AQ2 + (2AQ)2 ev, AF = 1 [†hvRb K‡i]
= AQ2 + 4AQ2 AE
 AD2 = 5AQ2 ................ (i) ev, AF = 5
 AE = 5AF (cÖgvwYZ)

œ 7  `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri GKwUi GK †KvY AciwUi GK †Kv‡Yi
cÖk- K. cÖ`Ë Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU AuvK| 2
mgvb Ges mgvb mgvb †KvY msjMœ evû¸‡jv mgvYycvwZK| L. cÖgvY Ki †h, Drcbœ wÎfzRØq g~j wÎfz‡Ri m`„k| 4
K. wPÎmn Z_¨¸‡jvi weeiY †jL| 2 M. Drcbœ wÎfzRØ‡qi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, wÎfzRØq m`„k| 4 DËi : M. 9 : 11
M. ABC GKwU wÎfzR hvi B = 60, AB = 30 †m. wg. Ges œ 10 
cÖk-
B
A
BC 3
= | Ggb GKwU m`„k wÎfzR DEF AuvK hvi EF = 8 P
AB 2
†m. wg. Ges B = E| 4 D
C
œ 8  ABC wÎfz‡Ri AD I BE ga¨gvi ci¯úi G we›`y‡Z

cÖk- wP‡Î AB = 4 wgUvi, AB I CD Gi g‡a¨ j¤^ `~iZ¡ 4 wgUvi,
†Q` K‡i| G we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q Aw¼Z DE Gi mgvšÍivj †iLvsk CD = 4AB Ges AB  CD
AC †K F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| K. A, D I B, C †hvM K‡i Drcbœ †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj KZ? 2
K. wPÎmn Z_¨¸‡jvi weeiY `vI| 2 L. B = D n‡j cÖgvY Ki †h, BD = 5BP. 4
L. cÖgvY Ki, AC = 6EF. 4 M. cÖgvY Ki †h, AP.PC = BP.PD. 4
DËi : K. 40 eM©wgUvi
M. C = 30, BC = 20 †m. wg. Ges EF = 3 †m. wg. n‡j
œ 11  ABC Gi AD ga¨gvi ga¨we›`y E Ges BE Gi
cÖk-
ABC Gi †ÿÎdj Ges AB Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 ewa©Zvsk AC †K F we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
DËi : M. 1002 †m. wg. (cÖvq) K. D we›`y w`‡q DH||BF AuvK Ges wPÎmn weeiY `vI| 2
œ 9  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KŠwYK kxl© n‡Z AwZfz‡Ri
cÖk- L. cÖgvY Ki, CH = AF 4
Dci j¤^ AuvK‡j `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR Drcbœ nq| wÎfzRwUi evû M. AF = 5 †m. wg. Ges EF = 4 †m. wg. n‡j AC I BF Gi gvb
wZbwUi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 15 †m.wg., 20 †m.wg., 25 †m.wg.| wbY©q Ki| 4

 cÖwZmgZv
cÖwZmgZv GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq R¨vwgwZK aviYv hv cÖK…wZ‡Z we`¨gvb Ges hv Avgv‡ì Kg©Kv‡Ê cÖwZwbqZ eënvi K‡i _vwK|
cÖwZmgZvi aviYv‡K wkíx, KvwiMi, wWRvBbvi, myZviiv cÖwZwbqZ eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| hw` †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv eivei †Kv‡bv wPÎ fuvR
Ki‡j Zvi Ask `yBwU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wg‡j hvq †m‡ÿ‡Î mij‡iLvwU‡K cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv ejv nq|
Dc‡ii wPÎ¸‡jvi cÖwZwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q| †k‡li wPÎwUi GKvwaK cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q|
 mylg eûfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv
eûfzR KZK¸‡jv †iLvsk Øviv Ave× wPÎ| eûfz‡Ri †iLvsk¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb I †KvY¸‡jv mgvb n‡j Zv‡K mylg eûfzR ejv nq|
cÖ‡Z¨K mylg eûfzR GKwU cÖwZmg wPÎ| myZivs Zv‡ì cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Avek¨K| mylg eûfz‡Ri A‡bK evûi cvkvcvwk
GKvwaK cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q|
†Kv‡bv R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv ZLbB _v‡K, hLb Zvi Aa©vs‡ki cÖwZ”Qwe evwK Aa©vs‡ki mv‡_
wg‡j hvq| GRb¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv wbY©‡q KvíwbK Avqbvi Ae¯’vb †iLvi mvnvh¨ †bqv nq| †iLv
cÖwZmgZv‡K cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZvI ejv nq|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡Pi wPÎmg~‡ni †KvbwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q? mgvavb : cÖ`Ë R¨vwgwZK wPÎ¸‡jvi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †U‡b wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv :
(K) evwoi wPÎ (L) gmwR‡ì wPÎ (M) gw›`‡ii wPÎ (N) MxR©vi wPÎ
(O) c¨v‡MvWvi wPÎ (P) cvj©v‡g›U fe‡bi wPÎ (Q) gy‡Lv‡ki wPÎ (R)
ZvRgn‡ji wPÎ
mgvavb :
(K) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †bB| (O) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q|
(L) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| (P) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q|
(M) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| (Q) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| cÖkœ \ 5 \ wb‡Pi Am¤ú~Y© R¨vwgwZK wPÎ m¤ú~Y© Ki †hb Avqbv †iLv
(N) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| (R) cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg nq :
cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †Ìqv Av‡Q, Ab¨ dzUwK cÖ`k©b Ki :
mgvavb : cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖ`Ë wPÎ¸‡jvi Ab¨ dzUwK cÖ`k©b

Kiv n‡jv : mgvavb : Am¤ú~Y© R¨vwgwZK wPÎmg~n †iLv Øviv m¤ú~Y© Kiv n‡jv hv
Avqbv †iLv mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †Ìqv Av‡Q (W¨vkhy³ †iLv), R¨vwgwZK

wPÎ m¤ú~Y© Ki Ges kbv³ Ki|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ wb‡Pi R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v wbY©q Ki :
(K) mgwØevû wÎfzR (L) welgevû wÎfzR (M) eM©‡ÿÎ (N) i¤^m
(O) mylg lofzR (P) cÂfzR (Q) e„Ë
mgvavb :
mgvavb : cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖ`Ë R¨vwgwZK wPÎ¸‡jv m¤ú~Y©
(K)
K‡i Zv‡ì kbv³ Kiv n‡jv :
AófzR wPÎ : mgwØevû wÎfzR

cÖkœ \ 4 \ wb‡Pi R¨vwgwZK wP‡Î cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv wb‡`©k Ki : mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv GKwU|
(L)
wPÎ : welgevû wÎfzR

welgevû wÎfz‡Ri †Kv‡bv cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †bB|
(M)
mgvavb :
(K) †h mKj e‡Y©i Abyf‚wgK Avqbv mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZdjb
cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvmn AuvKv n‡jv :
wPÎ : eM©‡ÿÎ
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v Pvi|
(N)
wPÎ : i¤^m
i¤^‡mi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v `yB|
(O) (L) †h mKj e‡Y©i Djø¤^ Avqbv mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZv
i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvmn AuvKv n‡jv :
wPÎ : mylg lofzR

GKwU mylg lofz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv QqwU|
(P)
(M) †h mKj e‡Y©i Abyf‚wgK I Djø¤^ Dfq Avqbv mv‡c‡ÿ

cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvmn AuvKv
wPÎ : cÂfzR n‡jv :
mylg cÂfzR n‡j cuvPwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv _K‡e| Ab¨_vq AcÖwZmg n‡e|
(Q)
cÖkœ \ 8 \ cÖwZmgZv †bB Ggb wZbwU wPÎ A¼b Ki|

mgvavb : cÖwZmgZv †bB Ggb wZbwU wPÎ wb‡gœ A¼b Kiv n‡jv :
wPÎ : e„Ë
GKwU e„Ë Zvi e¨v‡mi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg| †h‡nZz e„‡Ëi AmsL¨
e¨vm AuvKv hv‡e| ZvB e„‡Ëi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AmsL¨|
cÖkœ \ 7 \ Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi †h mKj e‡Y©i welgevû wÎfyR UªvwcwRqvg Amg cÂfzR
(K) Abyf‚wgK Avqbv (L) Djø¤^ Avqbv (M) Abyf‚wgK I Djø¤^
Dfq Avqbv mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv AuvK|

1. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? 4. mylg lofz‡Ri KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q?
K0 L1 K3 L4 M5 6
M2 3 5. ABC Gi D”PZv I f‚wgi AbycvZ KZ?
2. GKwU e‡M©i m‡e©v”P KZwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q?] A
8
K2 L3
4 N5
3. †KvbwUi AmsL¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv n‡q‡Q? B
10
30 C
 e„‡Ëi L e‡M©i K 4 : 10  2:5 M 2:5 N 1:2

M wÎfz‡Ri N Avq‡Zi 6. Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvq cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q−
i. A, B, C ii. H, O, 1 i I ii Li I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. M, N, P

17. †Kvb †Kvb wP‡Îi Abyf‚wgK I Djø¤^ Avqbv mv‡c‡ÿ
144 : cÖwZmgZv cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q? (ga¨g)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K1I2 L1I3 2I4 N3I4
18. KZ b¤î wP‡Îi ïay Abyf‚wgK Avqbv mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZdjb
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z cÖwZmgZv we`¨gvb? (mnR)
cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q? (mnR)
K kvgyK  †Uwej M UªvwcwRqvg N S K1 L2 3 N4
8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖwZmg? (mnR)
K dzj L †gŠPvK  kvgyK N †Pqvi 145 : mylg eûfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv
9. †Kv‡bv mij‡iLv eivei GKwU wPÎ‡K fuvR Ki‡j wPÎwUi mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Dfq Ask ûeû wg‡j hv‡e ZLb mij‡iLvwU‡K Kx †iLv ejv 19. me‡P‡q KgmsL¨K †iLvsk wb‡q MwVZ eûfyR wb‡Pi
n‡e? (mnR)
†KvbwU? (mnR)
 cÖwZmvg¨ L R¨vwgwZK
 wÎfyR L PZzf©yR
M Abyf‚wgK N Dj¤^
M eM©‡ÿÎ N mylg cÂfyR
10. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Abyf‚wgK I Djø¤^ Dfq Avqbvi cÖwZmgZv 20. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖwZmg? (ga¨g)
i‡q‡Q? (mnR)
K welgevû wÎfyR L †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡KvYx wÎfyR
KG I MA NP
 mylg eûfyR N †h‡Kv‡bv PZzf©yR
11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖwZmg? (mnR)
KA LB MD S
21. KZK¸‡jv †iLvsk Øviv Ave× wPÎ‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : S Gi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †bB| K wÎfzR L PZzf©yR  eûfzR N †iLv
12. Aa©e„‡Ëi KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q? (mnR) 22. cÖ‡Z¨K mylg eûfzR Kx ai‡bi wPÎ? (ga¨g)
1 L2 M3 N4  cÖwZmg L eM© M AvqZ N i¤^m
13. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖwZmg n‡Z cv‡i? (mnR) 23. †KvbwU mylg PZzf©yR? (ga¨g)
K e„Ë L i¤^m M AvqZ  UªvwcwRqvg K i¤^m L AvqZ‡ÿÎ M mvgvšÍwiK  eM©‡ÿÎ
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 24. mgevû wÎfy ‡ Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 3 N4
14. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 25. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
i. Mv‡Qi cvZv, dzj, †gŠPv‡Ki cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q K1 L2 M3 4
26. GKwU mylg cÂfy‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
ii. Gi GKvwaK cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q K4 5 M6 N7
Gi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †bB
iii. S 27. mylg lofy‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
K4 L5 6 N7
28. mylg cÂfz‡Ri 1wU †Kv‡Yi gvb KZ? (KwVb)
K 100 L 102  108 N 120
15. cÖwZmgZvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 29. mylg cÂfz‡Ri cuvP‡Kv‡Yi mgwó KZ? (KwVb)
i. †iLv I cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZv GKB
K 360 L 380 M 420  540
ii. Bs‡iwR ‛M’ e‡Y©i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv GKwU 30. lofz‡Ri Qq †Kv‡Yi mgwó KZ wWwMÖ? (KwVb)
iii. Bs‡iwR ‛O’ eY©wU AcÖwZmg K 450  720 M 820 N 930
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 31. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z mwVKfv‡e mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? (mnR)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K  M N
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 16 Ñ 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 32.
1 2 3 4
16. KZ b¤î wPÎwUi ïay Djø¤^ Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg? (mnR) DcwiD³ wP‡Î cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †Ìqv Av‡Q (W¨vkhy³ †iLv)|
K4 L3 M2 1 m¤ú~Y© R¨vwgwZK wPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K L  N
i. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi 2wU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv
33. ii. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi PviwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q
iii. Pvi evû wewkó mylg eûfzR n‡jv eM©‡ÿÎ
wP‡Î cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv (W¨vkhy³ †iLv) †Ìqv Av‡Q| Aci dzUwKi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
mwVK Ae¯’vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q? (ga¨g)
40. †Kv‡bv eûfzR‡K ZLbB mylg eûfzR ejv nq hLbÑ
K  M N i. evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb
34. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z mwVKfv‡e mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv ii. gaëZ©x KY©¸‡jv mgvb
n‡q‡Q? (mnR) iii. †KvY¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb
 L M N K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

35.
NywowU‡K cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ m¤ú~Y© Ki‡j wb‡gœi †KvbwU

DcwiD³ wP‡Î cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †Ìqv Av‡Q (W¨vkhy³ †iLv)|
n‡e? (mnR)
41. m¤ú~Y© wPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K L K  M N
42. m¤ú~Y© wPÎwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
K4 6 M1 N2
43. m¤ú~Y© wPÎwU hw` GKwU mylg eûfyR nq, Z‡e Zvi bvg
 N wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
 mylg lofyR L mylg cÂfyR
M mylg wÎfyR N mylg PZzf©yR
36.
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 44 - 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
DcwiD³ wP‡Î cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †Ìqv Av‡Q (W¨vkhy³ †iLv)|

m¤ú~Y© wPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
44. cÖ_g wP‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 3 N4
 L M N 45. 2q wP‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi gaëZ©x †KvY KZ? (ga¨g)
K 45  90 M 120 N 180
46. 2q wPÎwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi gaëZ©x †KvY Avqbv †iLvq
cÖwZdj‡b Drcbœ R¨vwgwZK †KvY KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
37. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : K 45 L 90 M 120  180
i.eûfzR KZK¸‡jv †iLv Øviv Ave× wPÎ e¨vL¨v : cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi gaëZ©x †Kv‡Yi †P‡q cÖwZdj‡b Drcbœ
cÖwZmv‡gï GKK †bB
ii. R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi †KvY wØ¸Y|
cÖwZmvg¨ GKwU fMœvsk msL¨v
iii.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) i¤^m
wPÎ-K wPÎ-L
38. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 47. wPÎ K-†Z KZwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv we`¨gvb? (ga¨g)
i. welgevû wÎfy‡Ri cÖwZmgZv †bB K1 2 M3 N4
ii. Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv ‛W’ Gi cÖwZmgZv †bB 48. wPÎ L-†Z †KvY¸‡jvi mgwó KZ? (ga¨g)
iii. UªvwcwRqv‡gi cÖwZmgZv †bB K 270  360 M 430 N 530

49.
K GKwU L `yBwU  AmsL¨ N †bB
63. cÂfz‡Ri ewnt¯’ †KvY¸‡jvi mgwó KZ?
 4 mg‡KvY L 6 mg‡KvY M 2 mg‡KvY N 5 mg‡KvY
wÎfzRwU‡Z cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? 64. e„‡Ëi KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q?
K 2wU L 5wU  3wU N 4wU K4 L 8 mg‡KvY M 16  AmsL¨
50. Aa©N~Y©b †Kv‡Yi cwigvYÑ 65. wPÎwU‡ZÑ
K 40 L 45 M 90  180 C
51. †iLv cÖwZmgZvi Av‡iKwU bvg Kx?
K cÖwZmiY cÖwZmgZv L N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv O
 cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZv N †KŠwYK cÖwZmgZv A B
4cm
52. GKwU e„‡Ëi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi hvÎv KZ?
K1 L2 M3  Amxg
i. OAB = 40
53. GKwU mylg Aóf‚‡Ri cÖwZwU kxl©‡Kv‡Yi cwigvc KZ? ii. OA = 2 2
 135 L 120 M 90 N 60 iii. cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 2wU
54. wPÎwUi cÖwZmgZv †iLv KqwU?
 i I ii L i I iii
K3 L2 M1 0 M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
55. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 6 n‡j N~Y©b †KvY KZ? 66. ABCD GKwU eM© hviÑ
K 15 L 30  60 N 90 i. cÖ‡Z¨K †KvY mg‡KvY
56. Aa©e„‡Ëi KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q? ii. 4wU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q
 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU
iii. †ÿÎdj (evû)2 eM© GKK
57. GKwU mylg cÂfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU  5wU K i I ii L i I iii
58. M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

wP‡Î ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC, AC I BA evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g D, E I F
wPÎwUi N~Y©b †KvY KZ? 67. ABC Gi cwimxgv KZ GKK?
K 50 L 120 M 108  72 K3 3 L3 6
59. GKwU Avq‡Zi KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? 6 3 N9
K eM©‡ÿÎ L mylg cÂfzR 68. BCEF PZzfz©R †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK?
M mylg lof‚R  e„Ë 3 9 3
K 
60. i¤^‡mi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v KqwU? 4 4
4 L0 M6 N2 27 3
M3 3 N
61. H eY©wUi N~Y©b cÖwZmvg¨Zvi gvÎv KZ? 8
K1 2 M3 N4
62. O AÿiwU‡Z KZwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q?

œ 1  cv‡ki wPÎwU GKwU Nywoi| †mwU cÖwZmvg¨
cÖk-
†iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ Aa©vsk †`L‡Z cv‡ki wP‡Îi g‡Zv|
K. NywowU †`L‡Z †Kgb wQj †`LvI| 2
L. (5)
L. m¤ú~Y© NywowUi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`LvI| 4 (4)
M. Aa©vs‡ki Dci hw` cv‡ki wP‡Îi g‡Zv (3)
wWRvBb cvIqv †hZ, ZLb NywowU †`L‡Z (1)
(2)
†Kgb n‡Zv? 4 NywowUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv cuvPwU|
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. cÖ`Ë wWRvBb-Gi mv‡c‡ÿ m¤ú~Y© NywowU wbgœiƒc :
K. m¤ú~Y© NywowU wbgœiƒc :
L. Djø¤^ Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg eY©¸‡jvi Dci cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv
AuvKv n‡jv|
œ 2
cÖk-
M. Abyf‚wgK Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZdjb cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q Zvi
Dci cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvKv n‡jv :
mgevû wÎfzR mylg cÂfzR
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
K. mylg eûfzR Kv‡K e‡j? 2 Abyf‚wgK I Djø¤^ Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg eY© n‡jv :
L. wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2 Gi KqwU K‡i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? 4
M. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ eM©‡ÿÎ I mylg mßfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨
†iLv †`LvI| 4
œ 4
cÖk-
K. eûfzR n‡jv KZK¸‡jv †iLv Øviv Ave× wPÎ †h eûfz‡Ri
†iLvsk¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb I †KvY¸‡jv mgvb Zv‡K mylg eûfzR
ejv nq|
L. wPÎ-1 I wPÎ-2-G h_vµ‡g 3wU I 6wU K‡i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv K. DÏxc‡Ki k‡ãi †Kvb e‡Y©i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †bB
Av‡Q| wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Zv cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv| Ges †Kvb e‡Y©i G‡Ki AwaK cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? 2
L. kãwUi †h eY©¸‡jv Djø¤^ Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg
Zv‡ì cÖwZmgZv †`LvI| 4
M. kãwUi †Kvb †Kvb e‡Y©i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v
mgevû wÎfzR mylg cÂfzR mgvb, wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2
M. eM©‡ÿÎ : hvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU evû mgvb I mgvšÍivj I cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KvY  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
mg‡KvY Zv eM©| wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e‡M©i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv : K. cÖ`Ë kãwU VOWEL| kãwUi L e‡Y©i cÖwZmgZv †iLv †bB
Ges O e‡Y©i G‡Ki AwaK cÖwZmgZv †iLv i‡q‡Q|
L. VOWEL kãwUi wZbwU eY© V, O I W Gi Djø¤^ Avqbvi
wPÎ n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 4| mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q| wb‡P wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †m¸‡jv
†h mßfz‡Ri 7wU evû ci¯úi mgvb Zv‡K mylg mßfzR †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
e‡j|
M. 'VOWEL' kãwUi V, W Ges E GB wZbwU e‡Y©i cÖwZmvg¨

†iLvi msL¨v mgvb| wb‡P wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv :
mylg mßfzR
wPÎ n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, mylg mßfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 7|
œ 3  cÖwZmg e¯‘i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv eivei Avqbv ai‡j Zvi
cÖk-
Aa©vs‡ki cÖwZ”Qwe evwK Aa©vs‡ki mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, V Ges W KY©Øq ïaygvÎ
K. ‛SOUND’ kãwU‡Z †Kvb †Kvb e‡Y©i cÖwZmgZv †bB Djø¤^ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ Ges E eY©wU ïaygvÎ Abyf‚wgK †iLvi
Zv †jL| 2 mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg| myZivs eY© wZbwUi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GKwU K‡i
L. Djø¤^ Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg eY©¸‡jvi Dci cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q|
cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK| 4  V, W Ges E eY© wZbwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v mgvb|
M. †h eY©¸‡jvi Abyf‚wgK Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZdjb
cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Dci cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK| œ 5  wb‡Pi wPÎ¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
cÖk-
†KvY¸‡jv Dfq Avqbvi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg| 4
K. cÖ`Ë k‡ã †hme e‡Y©i †iLv cÖwZmgZv †bB Zv n‡jv : S I N
K. e„Ë I mgevû wÎfz‡Ri KqwU K‡i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv L. cÖ`Ë †ÿÎmg~‡ni Dci m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvKv n‡jv :
Av‡Q? 2 (i) mgwØevû wÎfyR :
L. GKwU e„Ë I GKwU mgevû wÎfzR AuvK Ges m¤¢ve¨
mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`LvI| 4
(ii) AvqZ‡ÿÎ :
M. cÖ`Ë wPÎ¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`LvI| 4
(iii) e„Ë :
K. e„‡Ëi AmsL¨ I mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q|
L. wb‡P e„Ë I mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
e„Ë : e„‡Ëi AmsL¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx †h‡Kv‡bv †iLv Gi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv| myZivs
e„‡Ëi AmsL¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q|
wP‡Î K‡qKwU †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
(iv) Aa©e„Ë :
M. cÖ`Ë wPÎ¸‡jv‡Z m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
œ 7  g‡b Ki, GKUv dzj †`L‡Z wVK cv‡ki

cÖk-
wP‡Îi g‡Zv :
mgevû wÎfzR : K. dzjwU wK cÖwZmg? hw` cÖwZmg nq Z‡e cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? 2
(1) L. dzjwUi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv A¼b Ki| 4
M. GKwU †cuvKv G‡m (cv‡ki wP‡Îi g‡Zv) dz‡ji GKwU
(2) cvcwo‡Z e‡m‡Q| mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ †`LvI
†h, Aci GKwU †cuvKv †Kv_vq em‡j cÖwZmgZv eRvq
(3) _vK‡e| 4
M. cÖ`Ë wPÎ¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
(1)
(1) K. dzjwU cÖwZmg| Gi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 5wU|
L. dzjwUi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvKv n‡jv :
(2) (2) (1)
(2)
(3)
(3) (3)
(4)
œ 6  GKwU wewìs ˆZwi Ki‡Z wb‡Pi wPÎ¸‡jv eënvi Kiv n‡jv :
cÖk-
(5)
M. Aci †cuvKvi Ae¯’vb mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
mgwØevû wÎfyR AvqZ‡ÿ Î e„Ë Aa©e„Ë

K. Dc‡ii wPÎ¸‡jvi †KvbwUi KqwU K‡i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? 2
L. cÖ`Ë wPÎ¸‡jvi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK| 4
M. wb‡Pi wPÎ¸‡jv‡Z m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK|
4
K. wP‡Î cÖ`Ë †ÿÎmg~‡ni g‡a¨
mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 1wU
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 2wU
e„‡Ëi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AmsL¨
Aa©e„‡Ëi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv 1wU

œ 8  wRmvb mgevû wÎfyRvKvi, eM©vKvi I AvqZvKvi KvMR
cÖk- eM©‡ÿÎ : (1)
(2)
†K‡U wb‡Pi Qwei g‡Zv GKwU Ni ˆZwi K‡i‡Q :
(3)
(4)
(1)
K. †ÿÎmg~‡ni †KvbwUi KqwU K‡i cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? 2 AvqZ‡ÿÎ :

L. †ÿÎmg~n Avjv`vfv‡e Gu‡K m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ (2)
†iLv AuvK| 4
M. m¤ú~Y© NiwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK| cv‡ki QwewU‡Z M. m¤ú~Y© NiwUi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
Av‡iKwU Rvbvjv †Kv_vq emv‡j cÖwZmgZv eRvq
_vK‡e †`LvI| 4
K. mgevû wÎfy‡Ri 3wU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| eM©‡ÿ‡Îi 4wU
Aci RvbvjvwU AuvKv n‡jv :
cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q| Ges AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi 2wU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv
Av‡Q|
L. †ÿÎmg~n Gu‡K m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
wÎfyR‡ÿÎ : (1)
(2)
(3)
(K) N~Y©b †K›`ª (L) N~Y©b †KvY (M) N~Y©‡bi w`K (N) N~Y©b
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv : cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv|
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ N~Y©‡bi d‡j e¯‘i AvK…wZ I  †iLv cÖwZmgZv I N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv
AvKv‡ii cwieZ©b nq bv| Z‡e e¯‘i wewfbœ As‡ki Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h wKQz R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi ïay †iLv cÖwZmgZv
Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b nq| N~Y©‡bi d‡j e¯‘i bZzb Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q, wKQzi ïay N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q| Avevi †Kv‡bv
e¯‘i AvK…wZ I AvKvi Avw` Ae¯’v‡bi b¨vq GKB n‡j Avgiv †Kv‡bv wP‡Îi †iLv cÖwZmgZv I N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv DfqB
ewj e¯‘wUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q| †hgb, mvB‡K‡ji PvKv, we`¨gvb| †hgb, e‡M©i †hgb PviwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q,
wmwjs d¨vb, eM© BZ¨vw`| †Zgwb 4 gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q|
†h we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ e¯‘wU †Nv‡i Zv n‡jv N~Y©b †K›`ª| N~Y©‡bi e„Ë GKwU Av`k© cÖwZmg wPÎ| e„Ë‡K Gi †K‡›`ªi mv‡c‡ÿ
mgq †h cwigvY †KvY †Nv‡i Zv n‡jv N~Y©b †KvY| GKevi c~Y© †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡Y I †h‡Kv‡bv w`‡K Nyiv‡j Gi Ae¯’v‡bi
N~Y©‡bi †Kv‡Yi cwigvY 360, Aa© N~Y©‡bi †Kv‡Yi cwigvY cwieZ©b jÿ Kiv hvq bv| AZGe, e„‡Ëi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi
180| gvÎv Amxg| GKB mgq e„‡Ëi †K›`ªMvgx †h‡Kv‡bv †iLv Gi
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv| myZivs, e„‡Ëi AmsL¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv i‡q‡Q|
:

cÖkœ \ 1 \ wb‡Pi wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wbY©q Ki : (K) (L) (M) (N) (O) (P)
X X X X X
mgvavb : N~Y©b †KvY 120
(K) N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 3.
D C B A D cÖkœ \ 2 \ GKwU †jey AvovAvwo †K‡U wP‡Îi
A C D B C A B D A C b¨vq AvKvi cvIqv †Mj| mgZjxq wPÎwUi
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wbY©q Ki|
B A D C B
90 90 90 90
mgvavb : AvovAvwofv‡e †K‡U †bIqv †jeyi ïaygvÎ KvUv Z‡ji
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q cÖwZmgZv wbY©q Ki‡jB Kvw•¶Z cÖwZmgZv cvIqv hv‡e|
N~Y©b †KvY 90 P P
P P
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 4. P P
P P
P
(L) 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45

A E D C B A
B E A D E C D B C A B E  N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
N~Y©b †KvY 45
C D 72 B C 72 A B 72 E A 72 D E 72 C D
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 8.
N~Y©b †KvY 72 cÖkœ \ 3 \ k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 5. wPÎ N~Y©b †K›`ª N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi
(M) gvÎv †KvY
P
P
P eM©
P
P AvqZ
P
P i¤^m
60 60 60 60 60 60
mgevû wÎfzR
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
Aa©e„Ë
N~Y©b †KvY 60
mylg cÂfzR
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 6.
mgvavb :
(N)
A C B A
wPÎ N~Y©b †K›`ªN~Y©Y cÖwZmgZvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi
gvÎv †KvY
C B A C eM© KY©Ø‡qi †Q` we›`y Pvi 90
B A C B AvqZ KY©Ø‡qi †Q` we›`y `yB 180
120 120 120
i¤^m KY©Ø‡qi †Q` we›`y `yB 180
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q mgevû wÎfzR ga¨gvÎ‡qi †Q` we›`y wZb 120
N~Y©b †KvY 120 Aa©e„Ë †K›`ª GK 360
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 3. mylg cÂfzR †KvY¸‡jvi mgwØLÊK¸‡jvi †Q`we›`y cuvP 72
(O) Dc‡ii k~b¨¯’vb¸‡jv Kxfv‡e c~iY Kiv n‡jv Zv eyS‡Z wb‡Pi
A D C B A
90 90 wPÎ¸‡jv jÿ Kwi|
90
B D A C D B C A B D P P P
90
90
C B A D C
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q P P

N~Y©b †KvY 90
90 90 90 90
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 4. wPÎ : e‡M©i N~Y©b
(P) P P P
A C B A
P P
90 90 90 90

B C A B C A B C wPÎ : Avq‡Zi N~Y©b
120 120 120 P P
A C B A
P P
P
B C A B C A B C
90 90 90 90
120 120 120 wPÎ : i¤^‡mi N~Y©b
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
P P [jÿ Kwi : mvgšÍwi‡Ki 2 gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv _vK‡jI îwLK
cÖwZmgZv †bB Ges UªvwcwRqv‡gi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 1 Ges
P P îwLK cÖwZmgZv †bB|]
120 120 120 cÖkœ \ 5 \ 1 Gi AwaK gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q Giƒc wP‡Îi
wPÎ : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri N~Y©b N~Y©b †KvY 18 n‡Z cv‡i wK? †Zvgvi DË‡ii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
P P
mgvavb :
P P D
P
90 90 90 90 18

A C
wPÎ : Aa©e„‡Ëi N~Y©b
P P
P
P
B
P
P 1 Gi AwaK gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q Giƒc wP‡Îi N~Y©b †KvY
72 72 72 72 72 18 n‡Z cv‡i|
wPÎ : mylg cÂfy‡Ri N~Y©b hyw³ : Avgiv Rvwb, N~Y©b †KvY  N~Y©b gvÎv = 360
cÖkœ \ 4 \ †m mKj PZzfz©‡Ri †iLv cÖwZmgZv I 1 Gi AwaK gvÎvi 360
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì ZvwjKv Ki|  N~Y©bgvÎv = 18 ev 20
mgvavb : †h mKj PZzfz©‡Ri †iLv cÖwZmgZv I 1 Gi AwaK gvÎvi Avgiv GKwU e„Ë Kíbv Kwi| e„ËwUi GKwU we›`y‡K A awi| Zvn‡j
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì ZvwjKv wbgœiƒc : 18 †Kv‡Y Ny‡i cuvPevi N~Y©‡bi d‡j (18  5) ev 90 †KvY ch©šÍ
PZzfz©R †iLv cÖwZmgZv N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv
†Mj| Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z c~‡e©i ¯’v‡b wd‡i Avm‡Z wek
eM© Av‡Q (4) Pvi
evi Nyi‡Z n‡e hvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv n‡e 20| Ges †KvY n‡e
AvqZ Av‡Q (4) `yB
(18  20) ev, 360|
i¤^m Av‡Q (4) `yB

1. wZb cvLvwewkó GKwU d¨v‡bi N~Y©b †KvY KZ wWwMÖ? 2 L3 M4 N6
3. GKwU cÖwZmg e¯‘i N~Y©b †KvY 40, c~Y© N~Y©b m¤úbœ Ki‡j KqwU
K 60 L 90
¯’v‡b e¯‘wUi AvK…wZ‡Z cwieZ©b NU‡e bv?
M 108  120
K4 L7 9 N 11
2. Pvi cvLvwewkó d¨v‡bi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi Aa©gvÎv KZ?

K N~Y©b †K›`ª  N~Y©b †KvY
146 : N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv M N~Y©b we›`y N N~Y©b Zj
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 8. e¯‘ GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡bi d‡j KZ wWwMÖ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i? (mnR)
K 180 L 340  360 N 390
4. wbw`©ó we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ N~Y©‡bi d‡j e¯‘i cwieZ©b nq bvÑ (mnR) 9. Nwoi KvUvi GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR)
 AvK…wZ I AvKvi L AvK…wZ K 90 L 180  360 N 380
M e¯‘i ag© N e¯‘i cÖK…wZ 10. †h‡Kv‡bv R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi Kgc‡ÿ KZ gvÎvi N~Y©b
5. cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? (mnR)
1 L2 M3 N4
e¨vL¨v : †h‡Kv‡bv R¨vwgwZK wPÎ GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b Zvi Avw` Ae¯’v‡b
wd‡i Av‡m| ZvB †h‡Kv‡bv R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi Kgc‡ÿ 1 gvÎvi
Dc‡ii wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZ mgZvi gvÎv KZ? (mnR) N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|
K1 L2 M3 11. 4 GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
6. †h we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ e¯‘wU †Nv‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR) K1 L2 M3 4
K N~Y©b e¯‘  N~Y©b †K›`ª e¨vL¨v : 90, 180, 270 I 360 †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j eM©‡ÿÎ Avw`
M N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv N N~Y©b †KvY Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i Av‡m|
7. e¯‘ N~Y©‡bi mgq †h cwigvY †Kv‡Y †Nv‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j?(mnR) 12. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi N~Y©b †K›`ª KY©Ø‡qi †Q`we›`y? (mnR)
KUªvwcwRqvg L Aa©e„Ë Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Me„Ë  eM©
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 24Ñ26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
13. PviwU cvLvwewkó d¨v‡bi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv wb‡Pi
†KvbwU? (ga¨g)
4 L3 M2 N1
14. Av`k© cÖwZmgwPÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) wPÎ-K wPÎ-L
 e„Ë L i¤^m M eM©‡ÿÎ N AvqZ‡ÿÎ 24. wPÎ-K Gi cÖwZmgZv KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
K1 2 M3 N4
15. GKwU e„‡Ëi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (mnR)
25. wPÎ-L Gi N~Y©b gvÎv KZ n‡Z cv‡i? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 M3  Amxg
K1 L2 3 N4
e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv Amxg|
26. wPÎ-K Gi N~Y©b‡KvY KZ n‡e? (KwVb)
16. †Kvb eY©wU GK gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv cÖ`k©b K‡i? (mnR)
K 90  180 M 270 N 360
KH LI MO L
17. i¤^‡mi N~Y©b †KvY KZ wWwMÖ? (mnR) wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 60 L 90 M 120  180
18. wb‡Pi †Kvb wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmvg¨Zvi gvÎv 1? (mnR)
K  M N
27. d¨vbwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 M3 4
19. GKwU mylg wÎfz‡Ri N~Y©b cÖwZmvg¨Zvi gvÎv KZ? (mnR) 28. d¨vbwUi N~Y©b †KvY KZ? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 3 N4 K 30 L 60  90 N 180
e¨vL¨v : mylg wÎfzR ev mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv, ZvB Gi
N~Y©b cÖwZmvg¨Zvi gvÎv 3| 147 : †iLv cÖwZmgZv I N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv
20. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 29. GKwU e„‡Ëi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (mnR)
i. N~Y©‡bi d‡j e¯‘i AvKvi AvK…wZi cwieZ©b nq bv K1 L2 M3  AmsL¨
ii. Nwoi KvUvi w`‡K N~Y©b‡K abvZ¥K w`K wn‡m‡e aiv nq e¨vL¨v : e„‡Ëi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AmsL¨|
iii. mvB‡K‡ji PvKv, wmwjsd¨vb, eM© BZ¨vwì N~Y©b 30. A AÿiwU‡Z KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q? (ga¨g)
cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q 1 L2 M3 N4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 31. E AÿiwU‡Z cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KZwUÑ (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii GKwU

 L `yBwU M wZbwU N PviwU
21. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 32. Bs‡iRx eY© 'Z' Gi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
0 L1 M2 N3
i. mvB‡K‡ji PvKv Dfqw`‡K Nyi‡Z cv‡i
33.
ii. e‡M©i 2 gvÎvq N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
iii. †h we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ e¯‘wU †Nv‡i Zv n‡jv N~Y©b †K›`ª
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) DcwiD³ wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K5 6 M7 N8
22. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 34.
i. †h‡Kv‡bv R¨vwgwZK wP‡Îi 1 gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q
ii. e„‡Ëi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AmsL¨
iii. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î 4wU wel‡qi cÖwZ jÿ DcwiD³ wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
ivL‡Z n‡e K1 L2 3 N4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

23. e„ËÑ
i. 'S' Gi ïay N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
i. N~Y©b †K›`ª e„ËwUi †K‡›`ª Awe¯’Z
ii. 'O' Gi îwLK I N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
ii. e¨v‡mi mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZmg
iii. 'Z' Gi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 3
iii. GKwU Av`k© cÖwZmg wPÎ
36. eY©wUiÑ wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 42-44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. N~Y©b †KvY 180 ii. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 2 
iii. †iLv cÖwZmvg¨Zv 2
(1) (2) (3)
42. (1) bs wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 3 N4
37. Bs‡iwR eY© 'S'-GiÑ 43. (3) bs wP‡Îi cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv KqwU? (ga¨g)
i. ïay N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q ii. ïay îwLK cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q K1 L2 3 N4
iii. N~Y©b †KvY 180 44. (2) bs wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) K1 L2
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M3 4
e¨vL¨v : 'S'-Gi îwLK cÖwZmgZv †bB| wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
38. Bs‡iwR eY© 'E'-GiÑ
i. cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v 1 ii. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q
iii. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) 45. wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? (ga¨g)
K i I ii L i I iii K1 L3
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  5 N6
46. wPÎwUi N~Y©b †KvY KZ? (ga¨g)
K 30 L 60
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 39-41 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M 70  72
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3 wPÎ-4

39. †Kvb wPÎwUi AmsL¨ cÖwZmg †iLv I AmsL¨ gvÎvi N~Y©b
cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 3 N4
40. †Kvb wPÎwUi îwLK cÖwZmgZv †bB wKš‘ `yB gvÎvi N~Y©b
cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? (ga¨g)
K1 L2 M3 4
41. †Kvb wP‡Îi GKwU cÖwZmg †iLv I GK gvÎvi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv
Av‡Q? (ga¨g)
 1 I2 L1I4 M 2I 3 N 3I4

47. †Kv‡bv Nb‡Ki c„ôZ‡ji K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 8 2 †m. wg. n‡j Gi eµZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 60 eM©. †m. wg.
ii.
AvqZb KZ? AvqZb = 63 Nb †m. wg.
iii.
K8 3 L 1024 2  384 N 512 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
48. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 6a2 eM© GKK †KvbwUi mv‡_ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
m¤úK©hy³? 52. GKwU i¤^‡mi Ñ
 NbK L AvqZ‡ÿÎ M eM©‡ÿÎ N UªvwcwRqvg i. N~Y©b †K›`ª KY©Ø‡qi †Q` we›`y
49. wb‡Pi wPÎwU N~Y©b cÖZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? ii. †iLv cÖwZ mgZvi gvÎv 2
iii. N~Y©b cÖwZ mgZvi †KvY 90
K1 L2 3 N4
50. e„‡Ëi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv KZ? D C
K mmxg  Amxg M GKwU N wZbwU
A C D B
51. GKwU cvB‡ci D”PZv 7 †m. wg. Ges e¨vm 6 †m. wg. n‡jÑ
i. `yB cÖv‡šÍi †ÿÎdj = 18 eM© †m.wg. B A
53. Dc‡ii wP‡Îi cÖwZmgZv KqwU? 54. N~Y©b †KvY KZ wWMÖx?
K 1wU L 2wU M 3wU  4wU K 180 L 120  90 N 60

55. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki - K i I ii Li I iii
i. eM© I AvqZ m„`k‡KvYx n‡jI Giv m`„k bq
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. `ywU m`„k wÎfzR me©`v m`„k‡KvYx
iii. `yBwU m`„k‡KvYx wÎfzRØq me©mg n‡e

œ 1
cÖk- wP‡Î, 120 K‡i Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K N~Y©‡bi d‡j
P A
wewfbœ Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
B C  N~Y©b †KvY = 120

wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK wZbwU Ae¯’v‡b (120, 240 I 360
K. wPÎ-1 Gi wK N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? _vK‡j N~Y©b †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j) †`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg|
†K›`ª †`LvI| 2
L. wPÎ-2 Gi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4  wÎfzRwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 3|
M. wPÎ-1 Gi N~Y©b †Kv‡Yi mgvb †Kvb mylg eûfz‡Ri M.
N~Y©b †KvY Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 P P

K. PvKvwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q| O O O O

P P

P
awi, x evû wewkó mylg eûfz‡Ri N~Y©b †KvY 120|
O 360
 = 120
x
wP‡Î O we›`ywU PvKvwUi N~Y©b‡K›`ª|
L. 360
ev, x = 120  x = 3
A C B A
A_©vr 3 evû wewkó mylg eûfzR ev mgevû wÎfz‡Ri N~Y©b †KvY

B C A B C A B C
120|
120 120 120

œ 2  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
cÖk- K.
1bs wPÎ 2bs wPÎ 1bs wP‡Îi N~Y©b †K›`ª O †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
L.
K. 1bs wP‡Îi N~Y©b †K›`ª †`LvI| 2 90 PP P
L. 1bs wP‡Îi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Gu‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 O
O
90
O
90
M. hw` 1bs wPÎwU cv‡ki 2bs wP‡Îi g‡Zv †`Lvq ZLb O O

90
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Gu‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
90 90 90 90
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  wP‡Î 90 K‡i N~Y©‡bi Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 N~Y©b †KvY 90| S 90 R P S Q P
N~Y©‡bi w`K Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K| GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b
wVK PviwU Ae¯’v‡bi (90, 180, 270 I 360 †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi P Q Q
90
R R
90
S
d‡j) wPÎwU †`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg|
 wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 4|
M. S R R 90
Q
P P
P Q S P
P
180 180 wP‡Î 90 K‡i Nwoi KuvUvi w`‡K N~Y©b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wP‡Î 180 K‡i N~Y©‡bi Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q  N~Y©b †KvY 90|
 N~Y©b †KvY 180| N~Y©‡bi w`K Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K| GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK PviwU Ae¯’v‡b (90, 180, 270 I 360
GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK `yBwU Ae¯’v‡b (180 I 360 †Kv‡Y †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j) wPÎwU †`L‡Z ûeû †`L‡Z GKB iKg|
N~Y©‡bi d‡j) wPÎwU †`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg|
 wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 4|
 wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 2
œ 3  wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
cÖk- œ 4  GKwU †jey AvovAvwofv‡e KvU‡j wb‡Pi wP‡Îi b¨vq
cÖk-
S R †`Lvq|
P Q P
K. wPÎwUi N~Y©b †K›`ª wPwýZ Ki| 2
L. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. A, D Ges B, C †hvM Ki‡j Ges AD I BC Gi
K. †jeywUi wK N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? _vK‡j, N~Y©b
ga¨we›`yØq †hvM Ki‡j N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wP‡Îi
mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 †K›`ª wPwýZ Ki| 2
L. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi wPÎ AuvK| 4
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
K. wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|  4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
S R
K. †jeywUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|
P Q
P
wP‡Î, '' wP‡ýi mvnv‡h¨ N~Y©b †K›`ª wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv|
L.
S R Q P S R
wP‡Î, †jeywUi N~Y©b †K›`ª '' wPý Øviv wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv|
P Q R S P Q
L. P
180 180 P P
wP‡Î 180 K‡i N~Y©‡b Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 N~Y©‡bi †KvY 180| N~Y©‡bi w`K Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ 60 60 60 P
w`‡K| GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK `yBwU Ae¯’v‡b (180 I 360 60
P
†Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j) wPÎwU †`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg|
 wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 2| 60 P 60
M. P
wP‡Î, †jeywUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
M. ÔLÕ-Gi wP‡Î †jeywUi Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K 60 K‡i
N~Y©‡b wewfbœ Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 †jeywUi N~Y©b †KvY = 60
GKwU c~Y© N~Y©‡b †jeywU wVK QqwU Ae¯’v‡b (60, 120, 180,
240, 300 I 360 †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j) †`L‡Z ûeû GKB
iKg|
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 6| K. 1bs wP‡Î cÖ`Ë mgevû wÎfzRwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|
œ 5  wb‡Pi wPÎwU Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi GKwU Aÿi|
cÖk- P
K. eY©wUi †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZmgZv i‡q‡Q? N~Y©b

cÖwZmgZv _vK‡j N~Y©b †K›`ª wPwýZ Ki| 2 N~Y©b‡K›`ª '' wPý w`‡q wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv|
L. wPÎwUi m¤¢ve¨ cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv wPwýZ Ki| cÖwZmvg¨ L. P R Q P
†iLvi msL¨v KZ? 4

M. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv AuvK Ges Gi gvÎv KZ? 4 Q R P Q R P Q R
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  120 120 120
wP‡Î Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K 120 K‡i N~Y©‡bi d‡j
K. eY©wUi îwLK ev cÖwZdjb Ges N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|
mgevû wÎfz‡Ri wewfbœ Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
N~Y©b †KvY = 120
GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK wZbwU Ae¯’v‡b (120, 240 I 360
N~Y©‡bi d‡j) wÎfzRwU †`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg|
wP‡Î eY©wUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi N~Y©b †K›`ª 'x' wPý Øviv wPwýZ
Kiv n‡jv|  wÎfzRwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 3|
L. M. P
(1) P
(2)
60 P 60
60 P
(3)
P
(4) P
wP‡Î, eY©wUi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
60 60 P
cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v 4| 2bs wPÎwU‡K 60 K‡i N~Y©‡bi d‡j wewfbœ Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv
M.
n‡q‡Q| jÿ Kwi GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK QqwU Ae¯’v‡b ( 60,
120, 180, 240, 300 I 360 †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j) wPÎwU
†`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg GRb¨ wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv
90 90 90 6|
œ 7  wgbnvR K·evRvi mgy`ª ˆmK‡Z †eov‡Z wM‡q GKUv Zviv

cÖk-
gvQ †`L‡Z †cj hv †`L‡Z wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv|
90
wP‡Î, Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K 90 †KvY K‡i N~Y©‡b eY©wUi
Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 N~Y©b †KvY 90
N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 4|
œ 6  wb‡Pi wP‡Î GKwU mgevû wÎfzR †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
cÖk- K. gvQwUi †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? N~Y©b
P P
cÖwZmgZv _vK‡j N~Y©b †K›`ª wPwýZ Ki| 2
L. m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK| cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv
KqwU? 4
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 M. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv AuvK Ges Gi gvÎv KZ? 4
K. 1bs wPÎwUi wK N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? _vK‡j, 2  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
N~Y©b †K›`ª wPwýZ Ki|
K. Zviv gvQwUi îwLK ev cÖwZdjb I N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|
L. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. `yBwU mgevû wÎfzR wg‡j 2bs wP‡Îi gZ †`Lv
hvq| N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI| 4
M.
72 72
72
wP‡Î, Zviv gv‡Qi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi N~Y©b‡K›`ª '' wPý Øviv

wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv|
72 72
L. Zviv gv‡Qi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
(1)
wP‡Î, Zviv gvQwU N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
(2)  N~Y©b †KvY 72|
 N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 5|
(3)
(4)
(5)
cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v 5|

A D C B A
œ 8  jÿ K‡i †`L‡e Pvi cvLvwewkó wmwjsd¨vb †`L‡Z wb‡Pi
cÖk- 90
wPÎwUi g‡Zv : B D A CD B C A B D
A
C B A D C
B D 90 90 90 90
wP‡Î, d¨vbwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
C
K. d¨vbwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q wK? _vK‡j, N~Y©b M. ÔLÕ-Gi wP‡Î d¨vbwUi Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`‡K 90 K‡i
†K›`ª wPwýZ Ki| 2 N~Y©‡b Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
L. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi wPÎ AuvK| 4
M. N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4  d¨vbwUi N~Y©b †KvY = 90|
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  GKevi c~Y© N~Y©‡b wVK PviwU Ae¯’v‡b (90, 180, 270 I
K. d¨vbwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q| 360 †Kv‡Y N~Y©‡bi d‡j) d¨vbwU †`L‡Z ûeû GKB iKg|
 d¨vbwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 4|
wP‡Î, d¨vbwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi N~Y©b †K›`ª 'x' wPý Øviv

wPwýZ Kiv n‡jv|
L.

œ 9
cÖk- M. W¨vm wPwýZ †iLvi mv‡c‡ÿ 4

cv‡ki wP‡Îi Aci dzUKx

wb‡`©k Ki|
 
K. wPÎwUi N~Y©b †K›`ª †KvbwU? wPwýZ Ki| 2

L. wPÎwUi N~Y©b †KvY wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 10  ABC Gi AB = AC, AD ga¨gv BC evûi Dci
cÖk-
j¤^|
K. ABC wÎfz‡Ri N~Y©b †KvY †KvbwU? wPÎ Gu‡K †`LvI| 2 K. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki N~Y©b †K›`ª †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? 2
L. †`LvI †h, ABD I ACD m`„k‡KvYx| 4 L. mvgvšÍwiKwUi N~Y©b †KvY wbY©q Ki| 4
M. wÎfzRwUi cwimxgv 16 wgUvi| mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ M. mvgvšÍwiKwUi evûi ˆ`N© ¨ hw` 12 wgUvi I 4 wgUvi
f‚wgi 56 Ask n‡j wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ? 4 Ges ¶z`ªZg KY©wU 10 wgUvi n‡j e„nËi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 4
DËi : M. 12 eM©wgUvi| DËi : M. 17.77 wgUvi|
œ 11  mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wPÎwU wbgœiƒc :
cÖk-

œ 12  `c©‡Yi 8 †m.wg. I ivnvi 5 †m.wg. gv‡ci `yBwU KvwV M.
cÖk-
Ges 45 gv‡ci GKwU cøvw÷‡Ki †KvY Av‡Q| P
A
K. wPÎmn Dch©y³ Z‡_ï weeiY `vI| 2
L. ivnvi KvwV‡K wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg, †KvYwU f‚wg msjMœ
†KvY Ges `c©‡Yi KvwVwU Aci evûØ‡qi mgwó n‡j
wÎfzRwU AuvK| (A¼‡bi wPý I weeiY Avek¨K)| 4 45
M. KvwV `yBwU‡K mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©, †KvYwU Zv‡ì B D
E
O
AšÍf©y³ †KvY n‡j, mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK| (A¼‡bi
wPý I weeiY Avek¨K)| 4
K. C
Q
a
5 †m.wg. g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU KY© a I b Ges Zv‡ì
b 8 †m.wg. 45 AšÍf©y³ †KvY x = 45 †Ìqv Av‡Q| mvgvšÍwiKwU AuvK‡Z
awi, ivnvi KvwVi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5 †m.wg., `c©‡Yi KvwVi ˆ`N©¨ b n‡e|
= 8 †m.wg. Ges cøvw÷‡Ki †Kv‡Yi cwigvY x = 45. A¼‡bi weeiY : (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K BD = a KvwU|
L. (2) BD Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi|
F (2) BD Gi ga¨we›`y O wbY©q Kwi|
D (3) O we›`y‡Z BOP = x AuvwK|
(4) OP †K wecixZw`‡K OQ eivei ewa©Z Kwi|
1 1
A
(5) OP I OQ †_‡K h_vµ‡g OA = 2 b Ges OC = 2 b KvwU|
P
b (6) A, B; B, C; C, D Ges A, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j ABCD
Q
DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK|
45
cÖk- œ 13  †mvgvi covi †UwejwU AvqZvKvi hvi ˆ`N©¨ x Ges y
B
a C
E cÖ ¯’| †Uwe‡ji Dci GKw`K †Nu‡l M †K›`ªwewkó PQR GKwU wfbœ
is Kiv e„Ë Av‡Q|
g‡b Kwi, wÎfzRwUi f‚wg a, f‚wg msjMœ †KvY x = 45 Ges
K. †cwÝj K¤úvm I †¯‹‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †Uwe‡ji
Aci `yB evûi mgwó b †Ìqv Av‡Q| wÎfzRwU AuvK‡Z n‡e|
AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwU A¼b K‡i Gi KY© wPwýZ Ki| 2
A¼‡bi weeiY : (1) †h‡Kv‡bv iwk¥ BE †_‡K f‚wg a Gi L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i Dci Aw¼Z
mgvb K‡i BC †iLvsk †K‡U wbB| eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj Gi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i Dci Aw¼Z
(2) BC †iLvs‡ki B we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb CBF AuvwK| eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji mgwói mgvb| 4
(3) BF iwk¥ †_‡K b Gi mgvb BD Ask KvwU| M. cÖgvY Ki †h, †Uwe‡ji †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍi †Kv‡bv
(4) C, D †hvM Kwi| we›`y †_‡K e„‡Ë `yBwU ¯úk©K Uvb‡j H we›`y †_‡K
(5) CD Gi j¤^wØLÊK PQ AuvwK| ¯úk© we›`yØ‡qi `~iZ¡ mgvb| 4
(6) PQ iwk¥ BD iwk¥‡K A we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
(7) A, C †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j, ABC B DwÏó wÎfzR| K.
x (1) †h‡nZz OP ¯úk©K Ges MP [¯úk©K¯úk© we›`yMvgx
B D
¯úk© we›`yMvgx e¨vmva© †m‡nZz OP e¨vmv‡a©i Dci j¤^]
⊥ MP.
y y
 OPM = GK mg‡KvY|
Abyiƒ‡c OQM = GK
C A mg‡KvY|
x
g‡b Kwi, ADBC GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ hvi ˆ`N©¨ AC = DB = x  OPM Ges OQM DfqB
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR|
Ges cÖ¯’ CB = AD = y
(2) GLb OPM Ges OQM
A, B Ges C, D †hvM Kwi| Zvn‡j AB Ges CD B n‡e
mg‡KvYx wÎfzRØ‡q
AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi `yBwU KY©| OM = OM [mvaviY evû]
L. Ges MP = MQ [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
B
x
D  OPM  OQM [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri
d AwZfzR-evû me©mgZv]
y
H
y
OP = OQ (cÖgvwYZ)
d œ 14  AvKei Zvi LvZvq wb‡Pi wPÎwU AuvKj|
cÖk-
C A
x
g‡b Kwi, ADBC AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ AC= DB = x
cÖ¯’ BC = AD = y Ges KY© = AB = z
K. wPÎwUi †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q? 2
GLb AB KY© AvqZ‡ÿÎwU‡K ABC Ges ABD wÎfz‡R
L. wPÎwUi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv AuvK| 4
mgwØLwÊZ Kwi| ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri C = 90,
M. wPÎwUi N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv AuvK Ges Gi gvÎv KZ? 4
AB = z, CB = y, AC = x cÖgvY Ki‡Z †h, AB2 = AC2 +
BC2 A_©vr z2 = x2 + y2  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A¼b : C we›`y †_‡K AwZfzR AB Gi Dci j¤^ CH A¼b K. wPÎwUi îwLK ev cÖwZdjb I N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv Av‡Q|
Kwi| AB AwZfzR H we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ n‡jv †hLv‡b AH = L. wP‡Îi m¤¢ve¨ mKj cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
BH = d
cÖgvY : (1)
(2)
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
(1) CBH I ABC m`„k
y d (3)
 = ................. (i)
z y
(2) ACH Ges ABC m`„k (4)
y d
 = ................. (ii)
z x (5)
(3) (i) I (ii) bs †_‡K cvB, cÖwZmvg¨ †iLvi msL¨v 5 |
y2 = z  d, x2 = z  d
M.
 x2 + y2 = z  d + z  d = z(d + d) = z  z = z2
 z2 = x2 + y2
M.
Q
72 72
72
O M R
Ô 72 72
P wPÎ N~Y©b cÖwZmgZv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, M †K›`ªwewkó PQR e„‡Ëi O  N~Y©b †KvY 72
GKwU ewnt¯’ we›`y Ges OP I OQ iwk¥Øq e„‡Ëi P Ges Q  N~Y©b cÖwZmgZvi gvÎv 5|
we›`y‡Z `yBwU ¯úk©K| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OP = OQ.
A¼b : M, P; M, Q Ges M, O †hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
lô`k Aa¨vq
cwiwgwZ Archimedes
Mensuration wMÖK MwYZwe` AvwK©wgwWm (287 BC − 212 BC) R¨vwgwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

Ae`vb iv‡Lb| wZwb wewfbœ AvK…wZi mgZj †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj Ges
eµZ‡ji AvqZb wbY©q K‡ib|
 wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj Abyiƒcfv‡e  †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 12 bc sinA
wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
1 1
= 2 ca sin B
(1) mg‡KvYx wÎfyR : g‡b Kwi, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfy‡Ri mg‡KvY (3) wÎfy‡Ri wZb evû †Ìqv Av‡Q| g‡b Kwi, ABC Gi BC =
msjMœ evûØq h_vµ‡g BC = a Ges AB = b| BC †K f‚wg Ges a, CA = b Ges AB = c|
AB †K D”PZv we‡ePbv Ki‡j,  Gi cwimxgv 2s = a + b + c A
A
ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
1
 †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj b
c
h
= 12 ab b = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
x a−x
B C
C B D
a a
(2) wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi `yB evû I Zv‡ì AšÍfy©³ †KvY †Ìqv Av‡Q| (4) mgevû wÎfyR :
g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfy‡Ri evûØq BC = a, CA = b, AB = c| A g‡b Kwi, ABC mgevû wÎfy‡Ri A
†_‡K BC evûi Dci AD j¤^ AuvwK| cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ a a

awi, D”PZv AD = h| 3
 †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 4 a2
AD A
B C
†KvY C we‡ePbv Ki‡j cvB, CA = sinC a
2
D
c b
h
ev, b = sinC ev, h = b sinC
h (5) mgwØevû wÎfyR :
B
D
a
C g‡b Kwi, ABC mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri A
1 AB = AC = a Ges BC = b
 †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 BC  AD a a
1
mgwØevû  †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = b
= 2 a  b sinC b
4
4a2 − b2 2
1 B D C
= 2 ab sinC
b

cÖkœ \ 1 \ GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 25 wgUvi| Gi GKwU AB2 + BC2 = AC2 A
3x 2
3
evû AciwUi 4 Ask n‡j, evû `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| ( )
ev, 4 + x2 = (25)2
25 wgUvi
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR, AC = 25 wgUvi, 9x2
ev, 16 + x2 = 625 3x
3x
BC = x wgUvi Ges AB = wgUvi| 9x2 + 16x2 4
4 ev, = 625
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, 16
ev, 25x = 625  16
2
B x wgUvi
C
625  16 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ABC wÎfyRwUi `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ BC = a = 25
ev, x2 = = 400
25 †m.wg. I AC = b = 27 †m. wg.
 x = 400 = (20)2 = 20 Ges cwimxgv 2s = 84 †m. wg.
[ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv ZvB abvZ¥K gvb †bIqv n‡jv] 84
 GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 20 wgUvi  s = 2 †m. wg. = 42 †m. wg.
3
 Aci evûwUi ˆ`N©¨ = 20  4 wgUvi ev 15 wgUvi awi, wÎfyRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ = AB = c
Avgiv Rvwb, 2s = a + b + c
wb‡Y©q evû `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 20 wgUvi Ges 15 wgUvi|
ev, 84 = 25 + 27 + c
cÖkœ \ 2 \ 20 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU gB †Ìqv‡ji mv‡_ Lvovfv‡e ev, 84 = 52 + c
Av‡Q| gBwUi †Mvov †Ìqvj †_‡K KZ `~‡i miv‡j Ic‡ii cÖvšÍ 4 ev, c = 84 − 52
wgUvi wb‡P bvg‡e?  c = 32
mgvavb : wÎfyRwUi Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ AB = c = 32 †m. wg.
g‡b Kwi, AC gB‡qi †Mvov C †_‡K A
C
4 wg. B
D we›`y‡Z miv‡j Ic‡ii cÖvšÍ A
†_‡K 4 wgUvi wb‡P B we›`y‡Z
27 †m. wg. 25 †m. wg.
bvg‡e| gB‡qi ˆ`N©¨ = AC = BD = 16 wg. b
20 wg. a
20 wg. Ges AB = 4 wg.
 BC = (20 − 4) wgUvi = 16 wgUvi
A c B
†m. wg.
32
D C
GLb, mg‡KvYx wÎfyR BCD G BC2 + CD2 = BD2  ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = s(s −a)(s −b)(s −c)
eM© GKK
ev, CD2 = BD2 − BC2 = 42(42 − 25)(42 − 27)(42 − 32) eM© †m.wg.
= (20)2 − (16)2 = 400 − 256 = 144 = 42  17  15  10 eM© †m.wg.
 CD = 12
= 107100 eM© †m.wg.
†Ìqvj †_‡K gBwUi †Mvovi `~iZ¡ 12 wgUvi| (Ans.)
= 327.26 eM© †m.wg.
cÖkœ \ 3 \ GKwU mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv 16 wgUvi| Gi mgvb
5 AZGe, wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj 327.26 eM© †m. wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ f‚wgi 6 Ask n‡j, wÎfyR‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q
cÖkœ \ 5 \ GKwU mgevû wÎfy‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi
Ki| evov‡j Gi †ÿÎdj 6 3 eM©wgUvi †e‡o hvq| wÎfyRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mgwØevû wÎfyR Ges Gi wbY©q Ki|
f‚wg = x wgUvi A mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mgevû wÎfyRwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a wgUvi|
5x
 AB = AC = 6 3a2
5x AZGe, mgevû wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 4 eM©wgUvi|
5x 5x 6
cÖkœvbymv‡i, x + 6 + 6 = 16 cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi evov‡j wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj n‡e
2
ev, 16x = 96 ev, x = 6 =
3(a + 2) 3(a2 + 4a + 4)
eM©wgUvi = eM©wgUvi
B x C
AZGe, BC = 6 wgUvi Ges 4 4
56 3(a2 + 4a + 4) 3a2
AB = AC = = 5 wgUvi  cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4
=
4
+6 3
6
awi, a = 6 wg., b = 5 wg., c = 5 wg. ev, 3(a2 + 4a + 4) = 3a2 + 24 3
 †ÿÎ ABC Gi cwimxgv 2s = (6 + 5 + 5) wgUvi ev, a2 + 4a + 4 = a2 + 24
= 16 wgUvi ev, a2 + 4a − a2 = 24 − 4
 s = 8 wgUvi ev, 4a = 20
20
  †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj ev, a = 4  a = 5
= s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) eM©wgUvi AZGe, mgevû wÎfyRwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 wgUvi| (Ans.)
= 8(8 − 6)(8 − 5)(8 − 5) eM©wgUvi cÖkœ \ 6 \ GKwU wÎfy‡Ri `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 26 wgUvi, 28
= 8  2  3  3 eM©wgUvi wgUvi Ges †ÿÎdj 182 eM©wgUvi n‡j, evûØ‡qi AšÍfy©³ †KvY
= 144 eM©wgUvi wbY©q Ki|
= 12 eM©wgUvi mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, wÎfy‡Ri evûØq h_vµ‡g a = 26 wgUvi I b =
wÎfzR‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 12 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) 28 wgUvi Ges †ÿÎdj = 182 eM©wgUvi|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ GKwU wÎfy‡Ri `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 25 †m. wg., 27 †m. wg. awi, evûØ‡qi AšÍfy©³ †KvY = 
Ges cwimxgv 84 †m. wg.| wÎfyRwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
Avgiv Rvwb, 26 wgUvi  x = 36  x = 12
wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj =
1
absin
a wb‡Y©q wÎfzRwUi f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 36 †m. wg. A_ev 12 †m. wg.|
2
1  cÖkœ \ 8 \ GKwU mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ 10
ev, 182 = 2  26  28  sin
28 wgUvi b wgUvi Ges †ÿÎdj 48 eM©wgUvi n‡j, f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
ev, 182 = 13  28  sin mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mgwØevû wÎfy‡Ri mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ a =
ev, 182 = 364sin 10 wgUvi Ges f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ b wgUvi|
ev, 364sin = 182 b
 Gi †ÿÎdj = 4 4a2 − b2
182 1
ev, sin = 364 = 2 = sin30 b 10 wg. 10 wg.
cÖkœg‡Z, 4 4a2 − b2 = 48
  = 30
myZivs evûØ‡qi AšÍfy©³ †KvY 30 (Ans.) ev, b4 4  (10)2 − b2 = 48 b
11
cÖkœ \ 7 \ GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri j¤^ f‚wgi 12 Ask †_‡K 6 b
ev, 4 4  100 − b2 = 48
4
†m.wg. Kg Ges AwZfzR f‚wgi 3 Ask †_‡K 3 †m.wg. Kg| ev, b 400 − b2 = 192
wÎfzRwUi f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| ev, b2 (400 − b2) = 36864 [Dfqcÿ‡K eM© K‡i]
mgvavb : ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri B = mg‡KvY ev, 400b2 − b4 − 36864 = 0
Zvn‡j BC f‚wg, AB j¤^ Ges AC AwZfzR ev, b4 − 400b2 + 36864 = 0
g‡b Kwi, f‚wg BC = x †m. wg.
A
ev, b4 − 256b2 − 144b2 + 36864 = 0
ev, b2(b2 − 256) −144(b2 − 256) = 0
ev, (b2 − 256) (b2 − 144) = 0
nq, b2 − 256 = 0 A_ev, b2 − 144 = 0
B x C ev, b = 256
2 ev, b2 = 144
11 ev, b2 = (16)2 ev, b2 =(12)2
kZ©vbyhvqx, j¤^ AB = ( x Gi – 6 †m. wg.
12 )  b = 16  b = 12
11x 11x – 72 wb‡Y©q mgevû wÎfy‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 12 A_ev 16 wgUvi|
= ( 12 )
– 6 †m. wg. =
( ) †m.
12
cÖkœ \ 9 \ GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb †_‡K `yBwU iv¯Ív ci¯úi 135 †KvY
wg.
K‡i `yBw`‡K P‡j †M‡Q| `yBRb †jvK H wbw`©ó ¯’vb †_‡K
Ges AwZfzR AC = ( x Gi 43 – 3) †m. wg. h_vµ‡g NÈvq 7 wK‡jvwgUvi I NÈvq 5 wK‡jvwgUvi †e‡M wecixZ
4x 4x − 9 gy‡L iIbv n‡jv| 4 NÈv ci Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mivmwi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
= ( 3 – 3) †m. wg. = 
 3  †m.wg. mgvavb :
wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, AB2 + BC2 = AC2 g‡b Kwi, A †_‡K `yBRb C
†jvK h_vµ‡g NÈvq 7 wK.

(11x12– 72) (4x3– 9)
2 2
ev, + x2 = wg. I NÈvq 5 wK. wg. †e‡M

121x2 – 1584x + 5184 16x2 – 72x + 81 iIbv n‡q 4 NÈv ci B I C 135
ev, + x2 = 45
144 9
we›`y‡Z G‡m †cuŠQvj| Zvn‡j B 28 wK.wg. A D
121x2 – 1584x + 5184 + 144x2 16x2 – 72x + 81
ev, 144
=
9 4 NÈv ci Zv‡ì g‡a¨
265x – 1584x + 5184
2 mivmwi `~iZ¡ n‡e BC.
ev, 16
= 16x2 – 72x + 81 C †_‡K BA evûi ewa©Zvs‡ki Ici CD j¤^ Uvwb|
ev, 265x2–1584x + 5184 = 256x2 –1152x+ 1296 Zvn‡j, AB= 7  4 wK. wg. = 28 wK. wg.
ev, 265x2 – 256x2 –1584x + 1152x + 5184 – 1296 = 0 AC = 5  4 wK. wg. = 20 wK. wg.
ev, 9x2 – 432x + 3888 = 0 BAC = 135
ev, 9(x2 – 48x + 432) = 0 AZGe, CAD = 45
ev, x2 – 48x + 432 = 0 GLb, ACD mg‡KvYx wÎfyR †_‡K cvB,
CD AD
ev, x2 – 36x – 12x + 432 = 0 AC
= sin45 Ges AC = cos45
ev, x(x – 36) – 12(x – 36) = 0 1 1
 CD = AC. sin45 = 20  = 10  2 2  = 10 2
ev, (x – 36) (x – 12) = 0 2 2
nq, x – 36 = 0 A_ev, x –12 = 0
1 1 1
Ges AD = AC cos45 = 20  = 10  2 2  = 10 2 = 2 a  8 eM© †m.wg.
2 2
AZGe, CBDmg‡KvYx wÎfyR †_‡K cvB, = 4a eM© †m.wg.
2 2 2 2 2 3
BC = BD + CD = (BA + AD) + CD Avgiv Rvwb, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj = 4 a2
2 2
= (28 + 10 2) + (10 2)
2 2 3
= (28 + 14.14) + (10 2)
2 2
myZivs  †¶Î ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 4 a2
= (42.14) + (10 2)
3 7a
= 1775.78 + 200 = 1975.78 cÖkœg‡Z, 4 a2 = 2 + 3a + 4a
 BC = 1975.78 = 44.44 (cÖvq)
AZGe, `yBRb †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ mivmwi `~iZ¡ 44.44 wK. wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.) 3
(7
ev, 4 a2 = a 2 + 3 + 4 )
cÖkœ \ 10 \ GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri Af¨šÍi¯’ GKwU we›`y †_‡K 3 7
evû wZbwUi Ici Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 6 †m.wg., 7 †m.wg. ev, 4 a = 2 + 7 [Dfqc¶‡K a Øviv fvM K‡i]
I 8 †m.wg.| wÎfzRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨ Ges †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| 3 7 + 14
ev, 4 a = 2
mgvavb : 21 4
g‡b Kwi, ABC mgevû wÎfz‡Ri A ev, 3a =
2
cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a †m.wg. F 6 E ev, 3a = 42
wÎfz‡Ri Af¨šÍ‡i O we›`y n‡Z a 7 a 2
ev, ( 3a) = (42)2 [Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i]
O
evû¸‡jvi Dci j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ ev, 3a2 = 1764
8
h_vµ‡g OE = 6 †m.wg., OF = 7 B 1764
†m.wg. Ges OD = 8 †m.wg.| a D C ev, a2 = 3 = 588
GLb O n‡Z †KŠwYK we›`y¸‡jv †hvM K‡i wZbwU wÎfzR †¶‡Î fvM ev, a = 588
Kiv n‡jv| = 196  3
 †¶Î AOB Gi †¶Îdj = (14)2  3
1 1  a = 14 3 †m.wg.
= 2  f‚wg  D”PZv = 2 a  OF
a 7a = 24.249 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
=
2
7 eM© †m.wg. = 2 eM© †m.wg. cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 24.249 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
1 3 3
 †¶Î AOC Gi †¶Îdj = 2 a  OE Ges †¶Îdj = 4 a2 = 4 (588)
a
=  6 eM© †m.wg. = 147 3
2 = 254.61 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
= 3a eM© †m.wg.
AZGe, wÎfzRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 24.249 †m.wg. (cÖvq) Ges †¶Îdj
1
 †¶Î BOC Gi †¶Îdj = 2 a  OD 254.611 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)| (Ans.)

1. ABC Gi AB = AC = 25 cm Ges BC = 30 cm, Zvn‡j  14.7 eM©†m.wg. (cÖvq) N 13.7 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
ABC Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 5. ABC mgevû wÎfz‡Ri AD ⊥ BC Ges AB = 2 †m.wg. n‡j,
AD = KZ?
K 250 cm2  300 cm2
K 1 †m.wg. L 2 †m.wg.  3 †m.wg. N 5 †m.wg.
M 340.9 cm2 N 409.1 cm2
6.
2. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg x Ges mgvb evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ y A
n‡j, wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ? 12 wg.
x 4
 4y2 − x2 L 4y2 − x2
4 x
x x B 30 C
M 4x2 − y2 N x2 − 4y2 20 wg.
4 4  †ÿÎ ABC Gi gvb KZ eM©wgUvi?
3. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg. n‡j Gi D”PZv KZ?  60 L 60 3 M 120 N 120 3
K2 3 4 3 M 16 3 N 32 3 7. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yBwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 9 †m.wg. I 8
4. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 5 †m.wg., 6 †m.wg. †m.wg. Ges AšÍf©y³ †KvY 30 n‡j, †ÿÎdj KZ?
I 7 †m.wg.| Gi †ÿÎdj KZ? K 9 eM© †m.wg.  18 eM© †m.wg.
K 15.7 eM© †m.wg. L 15 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
M 36 eM© †m.wg. N 72 eM© †m.wg.
8. K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
5 †m. wg.
wb‡Pi wPÎwU †_‡K 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
8 †m. wg. 4 GKK

Dc‡ii wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.?
K6  12 M 19 N 30
Q R
9. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 9 3 cm2 n‡j, evûi ˆ`N©¨ D
KZ? PQR GKwU mgevû wÎfzR|
K 3 cm L 4 cm  6 cm N 9 cm 15. QD = KZ GKK?
10. K1 L 2 2 N4
A 16. wÎfzRwUi D”PZv KZ GKK?
10 wgUvi 4 2
6 wgUvi 2 3 L M 3 N
3 3
B C wb‡Pi wPÎwU †_‡K 17 I 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Dc‡ii wP‡Î ABC Gi− A
i. †ÿÎdj 24 eM© †m.wg.
25 27
ii. cwimxgv 60 †m.wg.
iii. BAC  ACB
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? B C
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ABC Gi cwimxgv 84 †m.wg.
11. wP‡Î PM ⊥ QR Ges QR = 3 n‡j Ñ 17. wÎfzRwUi Z…Zxq evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.?
P K 21 L 26  32 N 36
4 4 18. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.?
K 225.26 L 250.00 M 300.25  327.26
Q
M
R wb‡Pi wPÎwU †_‡K 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. QM = MR A
55
ii. MP =
2 15 †mwg
OR
iii. PQR Gi †ÿÎdj = 4PQ2 − QR2
4
B C
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †mwg D16 †mwg
9
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 19. AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 12 Ñ 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K 10.05 †m.wg.  20 †m.wg.
A
M 28 †m.wg. N 112 †m.wg.
20. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
 150 eM© †m.wg. L 96 eM© †m.wg.
M 60 eM© †m.wg. N 54 eM© †m.wg.
B D
E C wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
AC = BC = AB = 2 †m. wg. D A
12. ABC-Gi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó e‡M©i †ÿÎdj 18 wgUvi
30
KZ eM© †m.wg.?
K4 L3 M 2.50  2.25 C B
13. AE Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? 21. AB Gi gvb KZ wgUvi?
K 2  3 M 5 N2 3 9 L9 2 M9 3 N 18
14. cÖ`Ë wP‡Î− 22. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi?
i. BAC + ABC = ACD  70.148 L 81 3 M 40.5 N 36 3
ii. ABC = ACB = 60
iii. ACD + ACB = 180

161 : wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
23. wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj †KvbwU? (mnR) Dc‡ii wP‡Îi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
1 a2 + b2 + c2 a2 – b2 – c2
K f‚wg  D”PZv  
2
f‚wg  D”PZv Kx=
2a
Lx=
2a
M2 (f‚wg + D”PZv) N ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’ a2 – b2 + c2 a+b+c
 x= Nx=
2a 3
24. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg Ges †ÿÎdj h_vµ‡g 3 †m.wg. I 24 eM© 32.
†m.wg. n‡j, D”PZv KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K4 L8  16 N 24
e¨vL¨v : Avgiv Rvwb,
1
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
24  2 Dc‡ii wP‡Îi †¶‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 D”PZv = 3
= 16. †m.wg.
s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
25. K BD =
a
2 s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
 AD =
a
2 (s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
M CD =
a
2 (s – a)(s – b)(s – c)
N AD =
abc
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ABC Gi mwVK †¶Îdj? (mnR) 33. hw` †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a, b I c Ges Gi
1
 ab sin L 2ab cos M ab tan
1
N ab sin
Aa©cwimxgv s nq, Z‡e Gi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (mnR)
2 4
K a(s−a)(s−b)(s−c) L s(s−a)(s−b)(b−c)
26. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 5 †m.wg. Ges 10
 s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c) N s(a−s)(b−s)(c−s)
†m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY 30 n‡j, wÎfzRwUi 34. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 117 †m.wg. n‡j, evûi ˆ`N©¨
†ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g) KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
K 8.5 L 10  12.5 N 15 K 27 L 29  39 N 49
1
e¨vL¨v : cÖkœg‡Z, wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  5  10  sin30 = 12.5
35. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 7 GKK Ges Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ 8 I 9
GKK n‡j, wÎfzRwUi D”PZv KZ GKK? (KwVb)
27. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR 3 wg.| Gi f‚wg msjMœ K6 L7  7.67 N 16
†KvY 30 n‡j, j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ KZ wg.? (ga¨g) 2 2
e¨vL¨v : D”PZv h = 7 12  5  4  3 = 7  720 = 7.67
K
1

3
M
1
N1
36. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 7 †m.wg. 8 †m.wg. I
3 2 2 9 †m.wg. n‡j wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
3 K 25.13 L 25.23  26.83 N 100.43
e¨vL¨v : j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ = (AwZfzR  sin) GKK = ( 3  sin 30) wg. = 2 wg.
37. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ evû `yBwU h_vµ‡g 4
28. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 7 †m.wg. I 12 wg. I 3 wg. n‡e, Gi cwimxgv KZ wgUvi n‡e? (ga¨g)
†m.wg. Ges G‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY 30 n‡j, wÎfzRwUi K 10  12 M 15 N 20
e¨vL¨v : mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, (AwZfzR)2 = 42 + 32
†ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
 AwZfzR = 25 = 5 wg.
K 20 eM© †m.wg.  21 eM© †m.wg.  cwimxgv = (5 + 4 + 3) wg. = 12 wg.
M 28 eM© †m.wg. N 48 eM© †m.wg. 38. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 12 wg. Ges AwZfzR 13 wg.
29. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wg.? (ga¨g)
h_vµ‡g 10 †m.wg. I 12 †m.wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ? (ga¨g) K 10 L 20  30 N 40
K 22 eM© †m.wg. L 44 eM© †m.wg. e¨vL¨v : mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri j¤^ = AwZfzR2 − f‚wg2 GKK
 60 eM© †m.wg. N 120 eM© †m.wg. = 132 − 122 wg. = 5 wg.
1 1
1 1
e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj = 2  10  12  sin90 = 2  10  12  1 = 60  †ÿÎdj = 2  j¤^  f‚wg = 2  12  5 e.wg. = 30 e.wg.
30. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`‡N©ï †hvMdj‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR) 39. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi A †KvY mg‡KvY, ACB = 60
K †¶Îdj  cwimxgv M cwiwa N AvqZb
Ges AB = 20 wg. n‡j, AC = KZ wg ? (ga¨g)
10 20
31. K L 10 3 M 20 3 
3 3
AB B 1
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, tan = AC e¨vL¨v : 2  8  D”PZv = 64 ev, D”PZv = 16
ev, AC = AB 
1 50. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ evûØq h_vµ‡g 20 †m.wg.
tan
1
Ges 21 †m.wg. n‡j Gi AwZfzR KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
 AC = 20  wg. K 21 L 25  29 N 33
tan 60 60
20 A 51.  ABC-G AC2 = AB2 + BC2 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
= wg. C
3 K A + B = 90  A + C = 90
40. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j mgevû M A = 90 N C = 90
wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? (mnR) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
3a 4 2 3 2 2
K
2
L
3
a 
4
a N
3 52. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
41. 1
i. wÎfzR‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
3
ii. mgevû wÎfzR‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj =  cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨2
4
1
iii. mg‡KvYxwÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  j¤^  f‚wg
Ki I ii Li I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR n‡j AD Gi gvb KZ? (ga¨g)
53. ABC Gi a, b, c wZbwU evû n‡j −
3a 3a 3 3
 L M a N a 1
2 2 2 2 i. †ÿÎdj = 2 ab sinC
42. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb `yB evûi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges Aci evûi ii. cwimxgv 2S = a + b + c
ˆ`N©¨ b n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 1
K 4a2 − b2 Lb 4a2 − b2 †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 ca sinB
iii. 
M
b
4a2 − b2 
b
4a2 − b2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
2 4 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
43. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 6 †m.wg. n‡j, Zvi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© 54. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j−
†m.wg.? (ga¨g)
3
9 3 3 3 i. D”PZv = GKK
K9 3 L M  3 a
4 2
3
e¨vL¨v : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 6  3 = 2 †m.wg.| ii.
†ÿÎdj = 4 a2 eM© GKK
3 3
 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj= 4 (evû)2 = 4 .22 = 3 e. †m.wg. iii. cwimxgv = 3a GKK
44. †Kv‡bv mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GKevû 4 †m.wg. n‡j, Zvi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
KZ? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K2 3 4 3 M8 3 N 16 3 55. GKwU welgevû wÎfz ‡Ri evûÎq h_vµ‡g a, b, c GKK n‡j−

45. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 GKK n‡j, D”PZv KZ i. cwimxgv = a + b + c
GKK? (ga¨g) ii. †ÿÎdj = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
K3 L2  3 N 2 1
iii. Aa©cwimxgv = 2 (a + b + c)
3 3
e¨vL¨v : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv = 2 a = 2 .2 = 3
46. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. Ges Aci K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
evûi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : ii mwVK bq, KviY welgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj
K 40 L 24 M 20  12
47.  DEF-Gi DE = DF = 5 wgUvi Ges EF = 6 wgUvi| = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wgUvi? (ga¨g) 56.
K8  12 M 16 N 24 A
b
e¨vL¨v : mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 4a2 − b2
a a
6 6 6 6
= 4(5)2 − (6)2 = 100 − 36 = 64 =  8 = 12.
4 4 4 4
48. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg I GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 3 B D C
†m.wg. I 7 †m.wg. n‡j Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (mnR) ABC mgevû Gi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
K3 L5 7 N9
3a
49. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 64 eM© †m.wg.| mg‡KvY i. AD =
2
mwbœwnZ evûØ‡qi GKwUi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg. n‡j AciwUi ˆ`N©¨ a
KZ †m.wg.? (mnR) ii. BD =
4
K4 L8  16 N 32
3  †¶Î ABC G BC = 8 †m.wg., A
iii. †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = 4 a2
CA = 6 †m.wg., Ges AB = 4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) †m.wg.| 4 †m.wg. 6 †m.wg.
57. GKwU mgwØevû mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ a B D C
8 †m.wg.
GKK Ges e„nËg evû b GKK n‡j− 65. wb‡Pi †KvbwU BD Gi ˆ`N©¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? (ga¨g)
i. cwimxgv = 2a + b K 2.20 †m.wg.  2.75 †m.wg. M 3.10 †m.wg. N 3.30 †m.wg.
1
ii. †ÿÎdj =  a2
66. wÎfzR‡¶‡Îi D”PZv KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
2  3 210 †m.wg. L 24.92 †m.wg.
b
iii. †ÿÎdj = 4a2 − b2 M 30.2 †m.wg. N 32.73 †m.wg.
4
67.  †¶Î ABC Gi †¶Îdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 45.93 eM© †m.wg.  12 210 eM© †m.wg.
M 39.57 eM© †m.wg. N 45.12 eM© †m.wg.
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 68 − 70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR hvi GK
evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.| AD, BC-Gi
wP‡Î AB = 4 †m.wg., AC A
Dci j¤^|
= 6 †m.wg., BC = 8 4 †m.wg. 6 †m.wg.
B D C
†m.wg. Ges  ACB = 30 30
B D C 68. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
8 †m.wg. K4 4 3 M2 3 N 12
58. wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) 3 2 3
3 L 3.5 M4 N 4.5 e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj = 4 a = 4  4  4 = 4 3
59.  †¶Î ABC Gi †¶Îdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 69. wÎfzRwUi Aa©-cwimxgv KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
 12 eM© †m.wg. L 16 eM© †m.wg. K 4  6 M 12 N 24
M 20 eM© †m.wg. N 30 eM© †m.wg.
70. AD-Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
K 4 L4 3 2 3 N 12
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 60 − 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 71 I 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 432 eM©wgUvi| ABC GKwU wÎfzR hvi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.|
60. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g) 71. cÖ`Ë wÎfzRwUi cwimxgv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 30.59  31.59 M 33.59 N 35.59 K 4 †m.wg. L 8 †m.wg. M 12 †m.wg.  24 †m.wg.
3
e¨vL¨v : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 a2  a = 31.59 wg. (cÖvq) 72. cÖ`Ë ABC wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
 16 3 eM© †m.wg. L 24 3 eM© †m.wg.
61. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
 27.35 L 30.35 M 31.35 N 33.35 M 48 eM© †m.wg. N 64 eM© †m.wg.
e¨vL¨v : awi, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv = x wg.  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 73 − 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
1
 †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv GKwU mgevû wÎfy‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 wgUvi evo‡j †ÿÎdj
1 3 3 wgUvi †e‡o hvq|
 2  31.59  D”PZv = 432  D”PZv = 27.35 wg. (cÖvq) 73. cÖ‡Z¨K evûi cwigvY 1 wgUvi evov‡j ZLb Gi †ÿÎdj KZ
62. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? (mnR) eM©wgUvi? (KwVb)
K 90.77  94.77 M 103.77 N 106.77 3 3
e¨vL¨v : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 3a = 3  31.59 = 94.77 wg. (cÖvq)  4 (a + 1)2 L (a + 1)
4
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 1 3
M (a + 1)2 N (a + 1)2
GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 8 †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 6 †m.wg.| 3 2
63. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g) 74. wÎfyRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
 24 L 34 M 38 N 48 K5  5.5
1 M6 N 6.5
e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj = 2  8  6 = 24.
75. wÎfyRwUi Aa©cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
64. f‚wg I GKwU evû 6 †m.wg. n‡j Zv‡ì AšÍf©y³ †KvY KZ wWwMÖ?(ga¨g) K7 L8
K 30 L 45 M 60  90 M 7.25  8.25
1
e¨vL¨v : 2  8  6  sin = 24 ev, sin = 1 ev,  = 90

76. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg.| Gi ga¨gvi 85. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 8 3 eM©wgUvi n‡j, Gi
ˆ`N©¨ KZ? cwimxgv KZ?
3 K 4 2 wgUvi L 4 3 wgUvi
 3 †m.wg. L †m.wg. M 2 †m.wg. N 1 †m.wg.
2
M 8 2 wgUvi  12 2 wgUvi
77. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 6 wgUvi| mgvb mgvb
86. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv 3 †mw›UwgUvi n‡j, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri
5
evûi ˆ`N©¨ f‚wgi 6 Ask n‡j, †ÿÎdj KZ? GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †mw›UwgUvi?
[cywjk jvBb gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, h‡kvi]
K 10eM©wgUvi  12 eM©wgUvi
K4 L3 2 N1
M 14 eM©wgUvi N 16 eM©wgUvi
87. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ evû `ywU h_vµ‡g 4
78. GKwU mgevû wÎf‚‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi wg. I 3 wg. n‡j cwimxgv KZ wgUvi n‡e?
†ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? K 10  12 M 15 N 20
K3 3 L4 3 M8 3  16 3 b
88. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji m~Î = 4 4a2 − b2
79. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ b GKK n‡j Gi
†ÿÎdj=? GLv‡b, b Øviv †KvbwU eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
K D”PZv L mgvb mgvb evû
4 3
K b eM© GKK L b eM© GKK  f‚ w g N ga¨gv
3 2
3 2 4 2
89. †Kvb mg‡KvYx wÎfz ‡ Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ evûØq h_vµ‡g 6
 b eM© GKK N b eM© GKK †m.wg. Ges 8 †m.wg. n‡j wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ?
4 3
80. †KvbwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi m~Î? K 12 eM© †m.wg. L 14 eM© †m.wg.
4  24 eM© †m.wg. N 28 eM© †m.wg.

K s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) L 4b2 − a2
b 90. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri mwbœwnZ evûØq 4 I 6 GKK Ges G‡ì
b 3 2 gaëZ©x †KvY 60, wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK?
 24b − a
2 N a
4 4 K3 3 6 3 M 12 3 N 16 3
81. GKwU wÎfz‡Ri mwbœwnZ evûØq a I b
GKK Ges G‡ì 91. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi| Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨
gaëZ©x †KvY  n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? wØ¸Y Ki‡j †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wg. evo‡e?
1 1 K 3 2 3 M3 3 N4 3
K ab cos L ab sin  M ab   ab sin 
2 292. GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri mg‡KvY msjMœ evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨
82. †Kv‡bv mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK evû 4 †m.wg.
n‡j, Zvi †ÿÎdj h_vµ‡g 10 †m.wg. I 13 †m.wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
KZ? K 30 eM© †m.wg. L 44 eM© †m.wg.
K 4 †m.wg.  4 3 eM© †mw›UwgUvi  65 eM© †m.wg. N 120 eM© †m.wg.
M 16 eM©wgUvi N 12 eM© †mw›UwgUvi 93. GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv 16 †m.wg., f‚wg 6
83. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 12 3 eM©wgUvi n‡j, Gi †m.wg.-
cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? i. mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg.
K4 2 L4 3 M 12 2  12 3
ii. †ÿÎdj 12 eM© †m.wg.
84. iii. D”PZv 8 †m.wg.
A wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
B  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 94 I 95 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A
60 x wg. ABC mgevû wÎfzR Ges AD = 6 3 †m.wg.
n‡j−
B C
D
D 60 wg. C
wP‡Î x Gi gvb KZ? 94. AB = KZ?
12
3 20 K6 †m. wg. L †m.wg.
K
60
wg. L wg.  20 3 wg. N 60 3 wg. 3
3
 12 †m. wg. N 12 3 †m.wg.
95. mgevû wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj KZ?
36 36  16 †m. wg. N 18 †m.wg.
K e. †m. wg. L e. †m.wg.
6 3 100. ABC−Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
 36 3 e. †m. wg. N 36 6 †m.wg.
K 24 eM© †m. wg.  12 eM© †m. wg.
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 96 I 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M 25 eM© †m. wg. N 150 eM© †m.wg.
GKwU wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg D”PZvi wØ¸Y A‡cÿv 6 †m.wg. †ewk| wÎfzR  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 101 I 102 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
†ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 18 eM© †m.wg.| A
96. wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 6 †m. wg. L 9 †m.wg.  12 †m. wg. N 18 †m.wg. F 3 E
97. wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
3 3
 3 17 †m. wg. L 3 71 †m. wg.
B D C
M 17 3 †m. wg. N 71 3 †m.wg.
wP‡Î ABC wÎfz‡Ri BC, CA I AB evûi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 98 − 100 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : D, E I F.
ABC GKwU mgwØevû wÎfzR hvi AB = AC, AD ⊥ BC, AD = 4 101. ABC Gi cwimxgv KZ GKK?
†m.wg., BC = 6 †m.wg.| K3 3 L3 6 6 3 N9
98. AB = KZ? 102. BCEF PZzf©yR †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK?
K 6 †m. wg.  5 †m. wg. 3 9 3 27 3
M 7 †m. wg. N 53 †m.wg. K  M3 3 N
4 4 8
99. ABC−Gi cwimxgv KZ?
K 13 †m. wg. L 15 †m. wg.

œ 1  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR
cÖk- 25 †mw›UwgUvi| Gi 3a 3  20
Ges j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ = 4 = 4 †mw›Uwg. ev 15 †mw›UwgUvi
3
GKwU evû AciwUi 4 Ask|  f‚wg I j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 20 †mw›UwgUvi Ges 15
K. mg‡KvYx wÎfzR ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 †mw›UwgUvi| (Ans.)
L. mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg I j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 1
M. Avgiv Rvwb, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj = 2  mg‡KvY msjMœ
M. wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj I cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  evûØ‡qi ¸Ydj
myZivs mg‡KvYx wÎfzR ∆ABC Gi †¶Îdj
K †h wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY A
1 1
A_©vr 90° Zv‡K mg‡KvYx wÎfzR ejv =  BC  AB =  20  15 eM© †mw›UwgUvi
2 2
nq| wP‡Î ∆ABC Gi B = [†h‡nZz f‚wg 20 †mw›UwgUviGes j¤^ 15 †mw›UwgUvi]
mg‡KvY ev 90°| myZivs ∆ABC = 10  15 eM© †mw›UwgUvi

GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| B C = 150 eM© †mw›UwgUvi|
L. g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ AB = a †mw›UwgUvi Ges cwimxgv = (25 + 20 + 15) †mw›UwgUvi ev 60 †mw›UwgUvi
3 3a  mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj 150 eM© †mw›UwgUvi Ges
Ges j¤^, BC = (a Gi 4 ) †mw›UwgUvi = 4 †mw›UwgUvi| cwimxgv 60 †mw›UwgUvi| (Ans.)
†Ìqv Av‡Q, mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR = 25 †mw›UwgUvi œ 2  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR
cÖk- 25 wgUvi| Gi GKwU
mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †¶‡Î wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Îvbyhvqx, 3
evû AciwUi Ask|
(AwZfzR)2 = (f‚wg)2 + (j¤^)2 4
2 2 K. Z_¨vbymv‡i wPÎwU AuvK Ges mswÿß eY©bv `vI| 2
2
ev, 25 = a2 + (3a4) = a + 9a16 2
L. evû `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
2
16a + 9a
2
M. mg‡KŠwYK kxl© †_‡K Gi wecixZ evûi Dci j¤^
ev, 625 = 16 AuvK‡j †h `ywU wÎfz‡R wef³ nq Zv‡ì †ÿÎdj
2
ev, 25a = 625  16 wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, a =
2 625  16
a= 25  16 = 5  4 = 20
25
 mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 20 †mw›UwgUvi
K g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx A wb‡Y©q wÎfzR `yBwUi †ÿÎdj 96 eM©wgUvi I 54 eM©wgUvi|
wÎfzR| hvi ABC = 90, AwZfzR = œ 3  GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv
wgUvi
25 wgUvi cÖk- 16 wgUvi| Gi mgvb
AC, j¤^ = AB Ges f‚wg = BC
x
5
mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ f‚wgi Ask|
3
4
 AwZfzR AC = 25 wgUvi 6
B x wgUvi C
g‡b Kwi, GKwU evû, f‚wg BC = x wgUvi K. x Pj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨wU mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk
3x
 Aci evû, j¤^ AB = 4 wgUvi Ki| 2
L. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R ABC = 90
M. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi
Kv‡RB wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i AC2 = AB2 + BC2
mgvb n‡j eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj I K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q
3x 2 3x
()
ev, (25)2 = 4 + x2 [ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, AB = 4 , BC = x] Ki| 4
9x2
ev, 625 = 16 + x2 ev, 625 =
9x2 + 16x2  3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
16
25x2 25x2 K g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mgwØevû A
ev, 625 = 16 ev, 16 = 625 wÎfzR| f‚wg = BC Ges mgvb mgvb
625  16 evû AB = AC| 5x 5x
ev, 25x2 = 625  16 ev, x2 = 25
awi, f‚wg BC = x wgUvi| 6 6
ev, x2 = 400 ev, x = 20 5x
 x = 20 [wKš‘ evûi ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv]  AB = AC = 6 wgUvi
B x C
 GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 20 wgUvi  wÎfzRwUi cwimxgv = AB + AC + BC
3  20
Aci evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4
wgUvi ev 15 wgUvi = (5x6 + 5x6 + x) wgUvi
 evû `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ 20 wgUvi Ges 15 wgUvi| (Ans.) 5x + 5x + 6x
M. mg‡KvYx wÎfzRwUi e„nËg evû AC = 25 wg., Aci `yB evû = 6
wgUvi
AB = 15 wg, BC = 20 wg. [ÔLÕ n‡Z] =
16x
wgUvi
mg‡KŠwYK kxl© B n‡Z wecixZ A 6
16x
evû AC Gi Dci BD j¤^ D cÖkœvbymv‡i, 6 = 16 GwUB wb‡Y©q mgxKiY|
Uvwb| 16x
GLb ADB mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, 6 = 16
ADB = GK mg‡KvY B C
ev, 16x = 16  6
 AB2 = AD2 + BD2 16  6
ev, x = 16  x = 6
ev, BD2 = AB2 − AD2 ..............(i)
 f‚wg BC = b = 6 wgUvi
GKBfv‡e BDC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R BDC = GK mg‡KvY
5x
BC2 = BD2 + CD2  AB = AC = a = wgUvi
6
ev, BD2 = BC2 − CD2 .............(ii) 56
(i) I (ii) bs n‡Z, = 6 wgUvi ev 5 wgUvi
AB2 − AD2 = BC2 − CD2
Avgiv Rvwb, mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj
ev, AB2 − AD2 − BC2 + CD2 = 0
b
ev, 152 − AD2 − 202 + (AC − AD)2 = 0 [ CD = AC − AD] =
4
4a2 − b2 eM© GKK
ev, 225 − AD2 − 400 + AC2 − 2AC.AD + AD2 = 0 6
ev, −175 + 252 − 2  25  AD = 0 =4 4  52 − 62 eM©wgUvi
ev, −175 + 625 = 50 AD 6
450 =4 100 − 36 eM©wgUvi
ev, AD = 50 = 9
6 6
 CD = AC − AD = 25 − 9 = 16 wg. =4 64 eM©wgUvi = 4  8 eM©wgUvi = 12 eM©wgUvi
(i) n‡Z BD2 = 152 − 92 = 144
 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj 12 eM©wgUvi (Ans.)
 BD = 144 = 12 wg.
M. †h‡nZz, mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv
1 1
 ADB-Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  AD  BD = 2  9  12  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 16 wgUvi
= 54 eM©wgUvi 16
1
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi ev 4 wgUvi
Avevi, BDC Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  CD  BD
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 42 eM©wgUvi ev 16 eM©wgUvi
1
=  16  12 eM©wgUvi  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 2  GK evûi ˆ`N©¨
2
= 96 eM©wgUvi = 2  4 wgUvi
= 4 2 wgUvi 11x
= 5.6568 wgUvi
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB wÎfzRwUi f‚wg x †m.wg. n‡j j¤^ 12 − 6 ( )
4x
= 5.657 wgUvi (cÖvq) (
†m.wg. Ges AwZfzR 3 − 3 †m.wg. )
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 16 eM©wgUvi; K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 5.657 wgUvi C
(cÖvq)| (Ans.) 4x
(3
− 3 †m.wg.
)
11x
( − 6 †m.wg.
)
œ 4  ∆ABC GKwU mgwØevû wÎfzR| wÎfyRwUi mgvb evûØ‡qi
cÖk- 12
ˆ`N©¨ 10 †m.wg.| Ges G‡ì AšÍfz©³ †KvY 30| A B

x †m.wg.
K. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îd‡ji m~ÎwU †jL| cwimxgv
GLb ABC-G wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
Kv‡K e‡j? 2 BC2 = AB2 + AC2
L. wÎfzRwUi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| 4 4x 2 11x 2
M. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 48 eM© †m.wg. n‡j f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ ( )

ev, 3 − 3 = x2 + 12 − 6 ( )
wbY©q Ki| 4 (4x − 9)2 (11x − 72)2
ev, 9
= x2 +
144
 4bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, 16(4x − 9)2 = 144x2 + (11x − 72)2
K. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ a wgUvi Ges f‚wg b [Dfq cÿ‡K 144 Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
b
ev, 16(16x2 − 72x + 81) = 144x2 + 121x2 − 1584x + 5184
wgUvi n‡j, wÎfzRwUi †¶Îdj = 4 4a2 – b2 eM© wg.| ev, 256x2 − 1152x + 1296 = 265x2 − 1584x + 5184
cwimxgv : †Kv‡bv wÎfz‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó‡K Zvi ev, −9x2 + 432x − 3888 = 0
ev, x2 − 48x + 432 = 0 [Dfqc‡ÿ (−9) Øviv fvM K‡i]
cwimxgv e‡j|
ev, x2 − 12x − 36x + 432 = 0
K g‡b Kwi, ∆ABC mgwØevû A
ev, x(x − 12) −36(x − 12) = 0
wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb evû AB 30 ev, (x − 12)(x − 36) = 0
10 †m. wg.
= AC = 10 †m.wg. D
60 nq, x − 12 = 0 A_ev, x − 36 = 0
BAC = 30°, C we›`y †_‡K  x = 12  x = 36
CD ⊥ AB B C  f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 12 †m.wg. ev 36 †m.wg. (Ans.)
Zvn‡j, ACD = 180° – (90° + 30°) = 60° M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, x = 12 †m.wg. ev 36 †m.wg.
mg‡KvYx ∆ACD G, ACD = 2 BAC x = 12 †m.wg. n‡j,
11  12
1 1
 CD = 2 AC = 2  10 †m.wg. = 5 †m.wg. j¤^ = (11x
12
− 6) †m.wg. =  12 − 6 †m.wg.

1 = (11 − 6) †m.wg. = 5 †m.wg.
GLb ∆ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 2  AB  CD eM© †m.wg. 1
Zvn‡j, wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  j¤^
1
= 2  10  5 eM© †m.wg.
= 25 eM© †m.wg.| (1 )
= 2  12  5 eM© †m.wg.
= 30 eM© †m.wg.
wb‡Y©q †¶Îdj 25 eM© †m.wg.|
Avevi, x = 36 †m.wg. n‡j,
M. Abykxjbx 16.1 Gi 8 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb †`L| 11  36
11 j¤^ = (11x
12
− 6) †m.wg. =  12 − 6 †m.wg.

œ 5  GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri j¤^, f‚wgi
cÖk- Ask †_‡K 6
12 = 27 †m.wg.
4
†m.wg. Kg Ges AwZfzR, f‚wgi 3 Ask †_‡K 3 †m.wg. Kg|
(1
 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj = 2  36  27 eM© †m.wg.
)
K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z evûÎq‡K exRMvwYwZK = (18  27) eM© †m.wg.
ivwkgvjvq cÖKvk Ki| 2 = 486 eM© †m.wg.
L. wPÎ A¼b K‡i wÎfzRwUi f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ †ei Ki| 4  †ÿÎdj 30 eM© †m.wg. ev 486 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
M. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj †ei Ki| 4 cÖk-
œ 6  GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi cwigvc 6 †mw›UwgUvi Ges
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  D”PZv 10 †mw›UwgUvi|
K. g‡b Kwi, mg‡KvYx wÎfzRwUi f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ x †m.wg. K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv‡K R¨vwgwZK
11x wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2
( )
Zvn‡j, wÎfzRwUi j¤^ = 12 − 6 †m.wg. L. wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj I cwimxgv wbY©q Ki|
M. wÎfz ‡ Ri f‚ w g I D”PZv Df‡qB 2 †mw›UwgUvi K‡i
4
4x
(
Ges wÎfzRwUi AwZfzR = 3 − 3 †m.wg.) e„w× Ki‡j †¶Îdj I cwimxgv e„w×i cwigvY wbY©q
Ki| 4
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, GKwU mgwØevû A
GLb mg‡KvYx wÎfzR A1B1D1 Gi †¶‡Î wc_v‡Mviv‡mi
wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi cwigvc 6 10 †m.wg. cÖwZÁv Abymv‡i,
†mw›UwgUvi Ges D”PZv 10 x x (A1B1)2 = (A1D1)2 + (B1D1)2
†mw›UwgUvi| g‡b Kwi, ABC = (12)2 + (4)2 = 144 + 16 = 160
GKwU mgwØevû wÎfzR| B D C  A1B1 = 160 = 12.65 †mw›UwgUvi (cÖvq)
†m.wg. 1
6
 ∆ A1B1C1 Gi †¶Îdj = 2  B1C1  A1D1
myZivs, wÎfzRwUi f‚wg, BC = 6 †mw›UwgUvi 1
Ges D”PZv, AD = 10 †mw›UwgUvi = 2  8  12 †mw›UwgUvi
†h‡nZz wÎfzRwU mgwØevû, ZvB AB = AC = 48 eM© †mw›UwgUvi
L. wPÎ ÔKÕ n‡Z g‡b Kwi, AB = AC = x †mw›UwgUvi  †¶Îdj e„w×i cwigvY = (48 – 30) eM© †mw›UwgUvi
†Ìqv Av‡Q, ABC Gi BC = 6 †mw›UwgUvi, = 18 eM© †mw›UwgUvi
Ges D”PZv AD = 10 †mw›UwgUvi Avevi ∆ A1B1C1 Gi cwimxgv
GLv‡b D”PZv AD, ABC-†K `yB mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R wef³ = A1B1 + B1C1 + A1C1
K‡i‡Q, d‡j BD = CD n‡e| = 2A1B1 + B1C1
BC 6
myZivs BD = CD = 2 = 2 †mw›UwgUvi = 3 †mw›UwgUvi [†h‡nZz mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶‡Î A1B1 = C1A1]
= (2  12.65 + 8) †mw›UwgUvi [ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß]
Zvn‡j, ABD Gi f‚wg, BD = 3 †mw›UwgUvi Ges
D”PZv, AD = 10 †mw›UwgUvi = 33.3 †mw›UwgUvi
GLb, mg‡KvYx wÎfzR ∆ABD Gi †¶‡Î wc_v‡Mviv‡mi myZivs cwimxgv e„w× = (33.3 – 26.88) †mw›UwgUvi
cÖwZÁv Abymv‡i, = 6.42 †mw›UwgUvi
(AwZfyR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2  †¶Îdj e„w× 18 eM© †mw›UwgUvi Ges cwimxgv e„w× 6.42
2
AB = AD + BD
2 2 †mw›UwgUvi| (Ans.)
œ 7  GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb †_‡K `yBwU iv¯Ív ci¯úi 135 †KvY
cÖk-
2 2 2
ev, AB = (10) + (3)
2
ev, AB = 100 + 9 K‡i `yB w`‡K P‡j †M‡Q| `yBRb †jvK H wbw`©ó ¯’vb †_‡K
ev, AB = 109  AB = 109 = 10.44 †mw›UwgUvi (cÖvq)
2 h_vµ‡g NÈvq 7 wK.wg. I 10 wK.wg. †e‡M wecixZgy‡L iIbv
1 n‡jv|
Avgiv Rvwb, mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
K. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨wU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki Ges 5
1 NÈv ci hvÎv ¯’vb †_‡K Zv‡ì AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡
ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 2  BC  AD
1
KZ? 2
=  6  10 eM© †mw›UwgUvi L. 5 NÈvi ci Zv‡ì mivmwi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
2
= 30 eM© †mw›UwgUvi M. hw` `yBRb ci¯úi mg‡Kv‡Y hvÎv ïiæ K‡i Zvn‡j
Avevi, wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv = wZb evûi mgwó D³ mg‡q Zv‡ì gaëZ©x mivmwi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki| 4
ABC Gi cwimxgv = AB + BC + AC  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 2AB + BC
[†h‡nZz mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶‡Î AB = AC] K g‡b Kwi, B GKwU wbw`©ó
A
= (2  10.44 + 6) †mw›UwgUvi ¯’vb| B n‡Z 135 †KvY K‡i

= 26.88 †mw›UwgUvi `ywU iv¯Ív BA I BC Gi
 wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj 30 eM© †mw›UwgUvi Ges cwimxgv 26.88 w`‡K P‡j †M‡Q| `yBRb †jvK D 135
B
C
B ¯’vb n‡Z h_vµ‡g BA Gi
†mw›UwgUvi| (Ans.)
A w`‡K NÈvq 7 wK.wg. I BC
K cÖkœg‡Z, wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg Ges 1
D”PZv Df‡qB 2 †mw›UwgUvi < 2 †m. wg. Gi w`‡K NÈvq 10 wK.wg.

A †e‡M iIbv n‡jv|
K‡i e„w× Kiv n‡jv|
 5 NÈv ci cÖ_g †jv‡Ki AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ BA = (7  5) wK.wg.
C 1
ev 35 wK.wg. Ges wØZxq †jv‡Ki AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ BC = (10 
B B
1 D C 1 †m. wg.
1
5) wK. wg. ev 50 wK.wg.| (Ans.)

Zvn‡j f‚wg, B1C1 = (6 + 2) †mw›UwgUvi ev 8 †mw›UwgUvi L. 5 NÈv ci Zv‡ì mivmwi `~iZ¡ n‡e AC wK.wg.
Ges D”PZv, A1D1 = (10 + 2) †mw›UwgUvi ev = 12 †mw›UwgUvi GLb, A n‡Z CB Gi ewa©Zvs‡ki Dci AD j¤^ A¼b Kwi
G‡¶‡ÎI D”PZv A1D1, A1B1C1 †K `yBwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R wef³ K‡i, hv CB Gi ewa©Zvsk‡K D we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
†hLv‡b B1D1 = C1D1 nq
B1C1
ABD = DBC − ABC
myZivs B1D1 = C1D1 = 2 = 180 − 135 = 45
8 ABD mg‡KvYx wÎfzR n‡Z cvB,
= 2 †mw›UwgUvi ev 4 †mw›UwgUvi AD
sinABD =
AB
Zvn‡j, A1B1D1 Gi f‚wg B1D1 = 4 †mw›UwgUvi Ges D”PZv, AD
A1D1 = 12 †mw›UwgUvi ev, sin45 =
35
ev,
1 AD
=
OE = 8 †m.wg.
2 35
35
ev, AD =  AD = 24.75
2
AD
Avevi, tanABD = BD
AD Ges O, C †hvM Kwi|
O, A; O, B
ev, tan45 = BD
L. g‡b Kwi, ABC-G AB = BC = AC = a †m.wg.
24.75
ev, 1 = BD [AD = 17.5 2] 1
GLb,  †ÿÎ AOB = 2  AB  OF = 2  a  7 eM© †m.wg.
1
 BD = 24.75 1 1
 CD = BC + BD = (50 + 24.75) wK.wg. = 74.75 wK.wg.  †ÿÎ BOC = 2  BC  OD = 2  a  6 eM© †m.wg.
GLb, ADC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR n‡Z cvB, 1 1
AC2 = AD2 + CD2  †ÿÎ AOC = 2  AC  OE = 2  a  8 eM© †m.wg.
ev, AC2 = (74.75)2 + (24.75)2
ev, AC2 = 6200 3
 †ÿÎ ABC = 4 a2 eM© †m.wg.
ev, AC = 6200  AC = 78.74 wK.wg.
3 1 1 1
 5 NÈv ci Zv‡ì mivmwi `~iZ¡ 78.74 wK.wg. (cÖvq)| (Ans.) cÖkœg‡Z, 4 a2 = 2  a  7 + 2  a  6 + 2  a  8
M. `yBRb hw` B ¯’vb n‡Z ci¯úi mg‡Kv‡Y BA I BC Gi 3 2
w`‡K hvÎv ïiæ K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡ì mivmwi `~iZ¡ AC. ev, 2 a = 7 + 6 + 8 [
a
Øviv ¸Y K‡i ]
ÔLÕ Ask n‡Z cvB, AB = 35 wK.wg. Ges BC = 50 wK.wg. 21  2 42
GLv‡b, ABC = 90 ev, a = =  a = 24.25
3 3
ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR n‡Z cvB,
3a2
A  wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj = 4 eM© †m.wg.
3
=
4
 (24.25)2 eM© †m.wg.
35
= 254.631 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
M g‡b Kwi, wÎfz RwUi x
A
B
50
C cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ x (24.25 + x)†m. wg.
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 †m.wgUvi evov‡Z n‡e| 24.25 †m. wg.
ev, AC2 = (35)2 + (50)2 x
ev, AC2 = 1225 + 2500 B 24.25 †m.wg. C
ev, AC2 = 3725 ev, AC = 3725  AC = 61.032  ewa©Z wÎfzRwUi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ (24.25 + x) †m.wg.
 `yBRb ci¯úi mg‡Kv‡Y hvÎv ïiæ Ki‡j 5 NÈv ci Zv‡ì
3
ga¨Kvi mivmwi `~iZ¡ n‡e 61.032 wK.wg. (cÖvq)| (Ans.)  ewa©Z wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj 4 (24.25 + x)2 eM© †m.wg.
œ 8  GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri Af¨šÍi¯’ GKwU we›`y n‡Z evû

cÖk- 3
cÖkœg‡Z, 4 (24.25 + x)2 = 254.631 + 180
wZbwUi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 6, 7 Ges 8 †m.wg.| 4
ev, (24.25 + x)2 = 434.631 
K. mswÿß eY©bvmn wÎfzRwUi wPÎ AuvK| 2 3
L. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, (24.25 + x)2 = 1003.767
M. Gi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg. evov‡j Gi †ÿÎdj
180 e. †m.wg. e„w× cv‡e| 4
A
K wP‡Î, ABC-G AB = BC = AC
Gi Af¨šÍi¯’ O we›`y n‡Z OF ⊥
AB,
OD ⊥ BC Ges OE ⊥ AC. F E
7 O 8
g‡b Kwi, OD = 6 †m.wg.
6
OF = 7 †m.wg. B C
D
ev, 24.25 + x = 1003.767 = 31.682  wÎfzRwUi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 7.432 †m.wg. (cÖvq) evov‡Z n‡e| (Ans.)
ev, x = 31.682 − 24.25

 x = 7.432

œ 9  GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨
cÖk- 1 wgUvi K‡i 3
 Gi †ÿÎdj n‡e = 4 a12 eM©wgUvi
evov‡bv n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj 3 eM©wgUvi †e‡o hvq|
wÎfzRwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 wgUvi evov‡j wÎfzRwUi
K. GKwU mgevû wÎfzR AuvK Ges †ÿÎd‡ji m~ÎwU 3
†jL| 2 †ÿÎdj = 4 (a1 + 1)2 eM©wgUvi
L. wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 3 3
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4 (a1 + 1)2 − 4 a12 = 3 3
M. †ÿÎdj 3 3 eM©wgUvi †e‡o †M‡j wÎfzRwUi evûi
ˆ`N©¨ Ges cwimxgv KZ n‡e? 4 3
ev, (a1 + 1)2 − a12 = 12; [ 4 Øviv fvM K‡i]
 9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, a12 + 2a1 + 1 − a12 = 12
K wP‡Î ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| A ev, 2a1 = 11
Gi cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ AB = BC = ev, a1 = 5.5
CA = a GKK| a a  wÎfzRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e 5.5 wgUvi
 ABC mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj =  mgevû wÎfzRwUi cwimxgv n‡e = 3  5.5 wgUvi
32 B C
= 16.5 wgUvi
a eM© GKK| a AZGe, wÎfz RwUi evûi ˆ`N© ¨ 5.5 wgUvi Ges cwimxgv 16.5
4
L. mgevû wÎfzRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨ a wgUvi n‡j, wgUvi n‡e| (Ans.)
3 œ 10  GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi K‡i
cÖk-
Gi †ÿÎdj = 4 a2 eM©wgUvi| evov‡j Gi †ÿÎdj 6 3 eM©wgUvi †e‡o hvq|
wÎfzRwUi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 wgUvi evov‡j wÎfzRwUi evûi K. wÎfzRwUi wPÎ Gu‡K †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †jL| 2
ˆ`N©¨ n‡e = (a + 1) wgUvi L. wÎfz RwUi cÖ ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N© ¨ 2 wgUvi evov‡j cÖ vß
3 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj †ei Ki| 4
 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj = 4 (a + 1)2 eM©wgUvi M. wÎfzRwUi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi evov‡j Gi
3 3 †ÿÎdj 14 3 eM©wgUvi n‡e? 4
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4 (a + 1)2 − 4 a2 = 3
3
ev, 4 {(a + 1)2 − a2} = 3 K Avgiv Rvwb, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri
3
cÖwZwU evû mgvb| a wg. a wg.
ev, 4 (a2 + 2a + 1 − a2) = 3 awi, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU evûi
3 ˆ`N©¨ a wgUvi| a wg.
ev, 4 (2a + 1) = 3
3 2
34  mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4
a eM©wgUvi|
ev, 2a + 1 =
3 L ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 2 wg.
ev, 2a + 1 = 4 3 2
= a eM©wgUvi| a+2 a a
a+2
ev, 2a = 4 − 1 4
ev, 2a = 3 mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 a
a+2
3 wgUvi evov‡j wÎfzRwU n‡e−
ev, a = 2
3
 a = 1.5 Ges †ÿÎdj n‡e = 4 (a + 2)2 eM©wgUvi
 wÎfzRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1.5 wgUvi 3
3
= 4 (a2 + 4a + 4) eM©wgUvi
 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj = 4 (1. 5)2 eM©wgUvi 3 3
= 0.974 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans.) cÖkœg‡Z, 4 (a2 + 4a + 4) = 4 a2 + 6 3
M. g‡b Kwi, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 3 3 eM©wgUvi †e‡o †M‡j ev, 3(a2 + 4a + 4) = 3 a2 + 24 3
Gi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e a1 eM©wgUvi| ev, 3 (a2 + 4a + 4) = 3 (a2 + 24)
ev, a2 + 4a + 4 = a2 + 24 K. mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri wPÎ Gu‡K †ÿÎdj †ei Kivi
ev, 4a = 24 − 4 mvaviY m~ÎwU †jL| 2
20
L. mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ †ei Ki| 4
ev, a = 4  a = 5 M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß evûwU †Kv‡bv mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû
n‡j H wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj I cwimxgv †ei Ki| 4
3
 wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj = 4 (5 + 2)2 eM©wgUvi  11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
A
3 K wP‡Î, ABC GKwU mgwØevû
= 4  49 eM©wgUvi wÎfzR hvi f‚wg b Ges mgvb
= 21.22 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans.) mgvb evû a. a a
mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj =
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, mgevû wÎfzRwUi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 5 wg. b
eM© GKK|
4a2 − b2 B
b
C
g‡b Kwi, wÎfzRwUi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 4
L. g‡b Kwi, mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ b = 60 †m.wg. Ges
x wgUvi evov‡Z n‡e
mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a|
 ewa©Z wÎfz‡Ri cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ b
 mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 4a2 − b2
n‡e (5 + x) wgUvi
b
Ges ewa©Z wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj n‡e cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4 4a2 − b2 = 1200
60
3
(5 + x)2 eM©wgUvi ev, 4 4a2 − (60)2 = 1200
4
ev, 15 4a2 − 3600 = 1200
3 3
 cÖkœg‡Z, 4 (5 + x)2 − 4 .52 = 14 3 ev, 4a2 − 3600 = 80
ev, 4a2 − 3600 = 6400 [eM© K‡i]
3
ev, (5 + x)2 − 52 = 56 [Dfqcÿ‡K 4 Øviv fvM K‡i] ev, 4a2 = 10000
ev, a2 = 2500 a = 50
ev, 25 + 10x + x2 − 25 = 56  wÎfzRwUi mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ 50 †m.wg.| (Ans.)
M. cÖkœvbyhvqx, ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß
ev, x2 + 10x − 56 = 0
mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 50 †m.wg.
ev, x2 + 14x − 4x − 56 = 0 Avgiv Rvwb,
ev, x(x + 14) − 4(x + 14) = 0 3
mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 a2 eM© GKK
ev, (x + 14)(x − 4) = 0 3
= 4  (50)2 eM© †m.wg.
nq, x + 14 = 0 A_ev, x − 4 = 0
3
 x = −14 hv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq  x=4 = 4  2500 eM© †m.wg.
KviY ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv| = 1082.53 eM© †m.wg.
Ges mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = 3a GKK
AZGe, wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi evov‡Z n‡e| (Ans.) = (3  50) = 150 †m.wg.
cÖkœ-11  GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ 60 †m.wg.| Gi wb‡Y©q mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 1082.53 eM© †m.wg. Ges
†ÿÎdj 1200 eM© †m.wg,| cwimxgv 150 †m.wg.|

œ 12 
cÖk- 4a2 − b2 b
A
DËi : K. 2
; L. 4 4a2 − b2; M. 12 wg. Ges 16 wg.|
œ 13  GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK Ges kxl©we›`y
cÖk-
n‡Z f‚wgi Dci j¤^ AuvKv n‡jv|
K. mswÿß weeiYmn wÎfzRwU AuvK| 2
B C
3
ABC G AB = AC = a GKK Ges f‚wg BC = b GKK|
L. R¨vwgwZK c×wZ‡Z †`LvI †h, wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji gvb 4 a2 4
K. wÎfzRwUi D”PZv KZ? 2 M. hw` wÎfzRwUi cÖ‡Z¨KwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 GKK K‡i evov‡bv n‡j
L.  ABC Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 Gi †ÿÎdj 3 3 eM© GKK †e‡o hvq| wÎfzRwUi evûi ˆ`N©¨
M. hw`  †ÿÎ ABC = 48 eM© GKK Ges a = 10 GKK nq Z‡e KZ? 4
b Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4 DËi : L. 2 GKK|
œ 14  ABC mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ f‚wg K. Dc‡ii Z_¨wU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mswÿß eY©bv `vI|
cÖk- 2
1 L. R¨vwgwZK c×wZ‡Z wÎfzRwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
BC Gi 1 ¸Y| ABC Gi cwimxgv 48 wgUvi|
2 M. hw` mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ 10 GKK Ges †ÿÎdj 48 eM©
K. mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 GKK n‡j, f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
L. ABC Gi kxl© A n‡Z f‚wg BC Gi Dci j¤^ `~iZ¡ wbY©q y
Ki| 4 DËi : L. 4 4x − y eM© GKK; M. 12 GKK A_ev 16 GKK|
2 2
M. mgvb mgvb evû I f‚wg BC Gi gaëZ©x †KvY wbY©q Ki| 4 cÖk- œ 16  ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| O wÎfz‡Ri Af¨šÍi¯’
DËi : K. 18 wgUvi; L. 16.97 wgUvi; M. 70.53 (cÖvq)| GKwU we›`y| O we›`y n‡Z wÎfz‡Ri evûi Dci j¤^ `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g
œ 15  GKwU mgwØevû wÎfz‡Ri mgvb mgvb evûi ˆ`N©¨ x GKK 2, 3 Ges 5 wgUvi|
cÖk-
Ges f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ y GKK Ges kxl©we›`y n‡Z f‚wgi Dci j¤^ AuvKv K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPÎ AuvK Ges eY©bv Ki| 2
n‡jv| L. wÎfzRwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
M. ABC Gi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 wgUvi evov‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ
eM©wgUvi e„w× cv‡e? 4
DËi : L. 10 wg. (cÖvq); M. 21.732 eM© wg. (cÖvq)|
 PZzfy©‡Ri †ÿÎdj  mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿÎ ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj
(1) AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 2   †ÿÎ ABD Gi †ÿÎdj
g‡b Kwi, ABCD AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi D C
1
= 2  b. h = bh
ˆ`N©¨ AB = a d b 2
cÖ¯’ BC = b Ges KY© AC = d (L) GKwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ Ges H K‡Y©i wecixZ †KŠwYK we›`y †_‡K
a
A B
D³ K‡Y©i Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤î ˆ`N©¨ †Ìqv Av‡Q|
Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© AvqZ‡ÿÎwU‡K mgvb `yBwU
wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Î wef³ K‡i| g‡b Kwi, ABCD D C
mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿ‡Îi KY© AC = d Ges h

 AvqZ‡ÿÎ ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj = 2   †ÿÎ ABC Gi Gi wecixZ †KŠwYK we›`y D †_‡K E
d
1 A
†ÿÎdj = 2  2 a. b = ab = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’
B
AC Gi Dci Aw¼Z j¤^ DE =
h| KY© AC mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿÎwU‡K
AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cwimxgv s = 2(a + b)
mgvb `yBwU wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Î wef³
Ges KY© d = a2 + b2 K‡i|
(2) eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
 mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿÎ ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj
g‡b Kwi, ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZ D C
= 2   †ÿÎ ACD Gi †ÿÎdj
evûi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges KY© d d 1
AC KY© eM©‡ÿÎwU‡K mgvb `yBwU
a = 2  d.h = dh
2
wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Î wef³ K‡i| A
a
B (4) i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj
 eM©‡ÿÎ ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj = 2   †ÿÎ ABC Gi i¤^‡mi `yBwU KY© †Ìqv Av‡Q, D
d2
C
1
g‡b Kwi, ABCD i¤^‡mi KY©
†ÿÎdj = 2  2 a. a = a2 = (evûi ˆ`N©¨)2 AC = d1, KY© BD = d2 Ges KY©Øq O
d1
jÿ Kwi, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv s = 4a ci¯úi O we›`y ‡ Z †Q` K‡i| A B
 i¤^m ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj
Ges KY© d = a2 + a2 = 2a2 = 2a = 2   †ÿÎ ACD Gi †ÿÎdj
1 d2 1
(3) mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = 2  2d1  2 = 2d1d2
(K) f‚wg I D”PZv †Ìqv Av‡Q| (5) UªvwcwRqvg‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
g‡b Kwi, ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki D C UªvwcwRqvg‡ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍivj `yBwU evû Ges G‡ì gaëZ©x
f‚wg AB = b h j¤^ `~iZ¡ †Ìqv Av‡Q|
Ges D”PZv DE = h A
b
B g‡b Kwi, ABCD UªvwcwRqvg‡ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨
E
h_vµ‡g AB = a GKK, CD = b GKK Ges G‡ì gaëZ©x
`~iZ¡ CE = AD = h| AC KY© UªvwcwRqvg ABCD †ÿÎwU‡K mylg eûfy‡Ri evû¸‡jvi ˆ`N©¨ mgvb| Avevi †KvY¸‡jv mgvb|
ABC I ACD †ÿ‡Î wef³ K‡i| n msL¨K evû wewkó mylg eûfy‡Ri †K›`ª I kxl© we›`y¸‡jv
UªvwcwRqvg‡ÿÎ ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj D b C †hvM Ki‡j n msL¨K mgwØevû wÎfyR Drcbœ K‡i|
=  †ÿÎ ABC Gi †ÿÎdj +  myZivs eûfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj = n  GKwU wÎfyR †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
†ÿÎ ACD Gi †ÿÎdj h  n msL¨K evûwewkó mylg E D
1 1 eûfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj
= AB  CE + CD  AD
2 2 A B
cot 
E a na2 180 F C
1 1 1
=
4  n  O
= (
2
ah + bh
2 ) = h(a + b)
2
A B
(6) mylg eûfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj

cÖkœ \ 1 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ we¯Ív‡ii wØ¸Y| Gi cvoev‡` cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj = (40 – 2x) (30 − 2x) eM©wg.
†ÿÎdj 512 eM©wgUvi n‡j, cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| kZ©vbymv‡i,
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi we¯Ívi (cÖ¯’) = x wg. 1
cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj = 2  evMv‡bi †¶Îdj
 AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 2x wg.
1
 AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj= 2x  x = 2x2 eM© wg. ev, (40 – 2x) (30 − 2x) = 2  1200
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2x = 512 ev, x2 = 256  x = 16
2
ev, 1200 – 80x – 60x + 4x2 = 600
AZGe, AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = 16 wg. ev, 4x2 –140x + 1200 – 600 = 0
Ges AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 2  16 wg. ev 32 wg.
ev, 4x2 –140x + 600 = 0
 AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2(32 + 16) wgUvi
ev, 4(x2 − 35x + 150) = 0
= 96 wgUvi (Ans.)
ev, x2 – 30x – 5x + 150 = 0
cÖkœ \ 2 \ GKwU Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 80 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 60 wgUvi| H
Rwgi gv‡S GKwU cyKzi Lbb Kiv n‡jv| hw` cyKz‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K ev, x(x – 30) – 5(x – 30) = 0
cv‡oi we¯Ívi 4 wgUvi nq, Z‡e cyKz‡ii cv‡oi †¶Îdj wbY©q ev, (x – 30) (x – 5) = 0
Ki| nq, (x – 30) = 0 A_ev, (x – 5) = 0
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 80 wgUvi  x = 30  x=5
Ges cÖ¯’ = 60 wgUvi wKšÍz cy Kz ‡ ii cv‡oi cÖ ¯’ evMv‡bi cÖ ‡¯’i mgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv|
 Rwgi †¶Îdj = Rwgi ˆ`N©¨  Rwgi cÖ¯’  x = 5 A_©vr, cyKzi cv‡oi cÖ¯’ = 5 wgUvi
= (80  60) wgUvi ev 4800 eM©wgUvi  cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = (40 − 2x) wgUvi
cvo ev‡` cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = (80 − 2  4) wgUvi = (40 – 2  5) wgUvi
= (80 – 8) wgUvi ev 72 wgUvi = (40 – 10) wgUvi = 30 wgUvi
cyKz‡ii cÖ¯’ = (60 − 2  4) wgUvi Ges cyKz‡ii cÖ¯’ = (30 − 2x) wgUvi
= (60 – 8) wgUvi ev 52 wgUvi
= (30 – 2  5) wgUvi
 cvo ev‡` cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj = (72  52) eM©wgUvi = (30 – 10) wgUvi = 20 wgUvi
= 3744 eM©wgUvi
wb‡Y©q cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ 30 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 20 wg.
 cyKz‡ii cv‡oi †¶Îdj = Rwgi †¶Îdj – cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj
cÖkœ \ 4 \ GKwU eM©vKvi gv‡Vi evB‡i Pviw`‡K 5 wgUvi PIov
= (4800 – 3744) eM©wgUvi
= 1056 eM©wgUvi (Ans.) GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj 500 eM©wgUvi n‡j, gv‡Vi
cÖkœ \ 3 \ GKwU evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 40 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 30 wgUvi| †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
evMv‡bi wfZ‡i mgvb cvowewkó GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q| cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, eM©vKvi gv‡Vi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi
1  eM©vKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = x2 eM© wg.
evMv‡bi †¶Îd‡ji 2 Ask n‡j, cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki|
iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = 500 eM© wg.
mgvavb : awi, cyKzi cv‡oi cÖ¯’ = x wg. AZGe, iv¯Ívmn gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = (x + 500) eM©wg. ... ... ... ... (i)
GLv‡b, evMv‡bi ˆ`N¨© = 40 wg.
Avevi, iv¯Ívmn eM©vKvi gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ = (x + 2  5) wg.
Ges evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ = 30 wg.
= (x + 10) wg.
 evMv‡bi †¶Îdj = (40  30) eM©wg. ev 1200 eM©wg.
 cvoev‡` cyKz‡ii ˆ`N¨© = (40 − 2x) wg. Ó Ó Ó †ÿÎdj = (x + 10)2 eM©wg.
Ges cvoev‡` cyKz‡ii cÖ¯’ = (30 − 2x) wg. = (x2 + 20x + 100) eM©wgUvi ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) †_‡K cvB, x2 + 20x + 100 = x2 + 500 3x 3x2
Ges †ÿÎdj = bh = 4  x ev, 4 eM©wgUvi
ev, 20x = 400  x = 20 3x2
AZGe, gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = x2 eM© wg. = 202 eM©wg. cÖkœvbymv‡i, 4 = 363
= 400 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) ev, 3x2 = 363  4 ev, x2 = 3
1452
cÖkœ \ 5 \ GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi ev, x2 = 484  x = 484 = 22
mgvb| AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb¸Y Ges †ÿÎdj 768  mvgvšÍwi‡Ki D”PZv = 22 wgUvi
eM©wgUvi| cÖwZwU 40 †m.wg. eM©vKvi cv_i w`‡q eM©‡ÿÎwU euva‡Z 3
Ges f‚wg = 4  22 wgUvi = 16.5 wgUvi
†gvU KZwU cv_i jvM‡e?
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = x wg. wb‡Y©q mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg 16.5 wgUvi Ges D”PZv 22 wgUvi|
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wg. cÖkœ \ 8 \ GKwU mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿ‡Îi †¶Îdj GKwU eM©‡¶‡Îi
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 3x wg. 2 mgvb| mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg 125 wgUvi Ges D”PZv 5 wgUvi n‡j,
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 3x2 = 768 ev, x2 = 256  x = 16 eM©‡¶‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
A_©vr, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = 16 wg. mgvavb : mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg 125 wgUvi Ges D”PZv 5 wgUvi
mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †¶Îdj = f‚wg  D”PZv
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 3  16 wg. ev 48 wg.
= 125  5 eM©wgUvi
AZGe, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) = 625 eM©wgUvi
= 2(48 + 16) wg. ev 128 wg. kZ©g‡Z, eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †¶Îdj
AZGe, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 128 wgUvi = 625 eM©wgUvi
 Ó GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (128  4) wg. ev 32 wg. GLb, eM©‡¶‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ a wgUvi n‡j, †¶Îdj = a2 eM©wgUvi
 Ó †ÿÎdj = (32) eM©wg. ev 1024 eM©wg.
2 Zvn‡j, a2 = 625 eM©wgUvi
GKwU cv_‡ii †ÿÎdj = (0.4)2 eM©wg. ev 0.16 eM©wg.  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 625 wgUvi = 25 wgUvi
 †gvU cv_i jvM‡e = (1024  0.16)wU ev 6400wU| (Ans.)  eM©‡¶‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ a 2 = 25 2 = 35.35 wgUvi (cÖvq)
wb‡Y©q K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 35.35 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 160 eM©wgUvi| hw` Gi
ˆ`N©¨ 6 wgUvi Kg nq, Z‡e †ÿÎwU eM©vKvi nq| AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi cÖkœ \ 9 \ GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki evûi ˆ`N©¨ 30 †m. wg. Ges 26 †m. wg.|
Gi ¶z`ªZg KY©wU 28 †m.wg. n‡j, Aci K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb :
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = x wg. g‡b Kwi, ABCD A D
Ges AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = y wg. GKwU mvgvšÍwiK
 AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = xy eM©wg. GLv‡b, ABC - 26 †m.wg.
26 †m.wg.
cÖkœvbymv‡i, xy = 160 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (i) Gi AB = a = 26 28 †m.wg.
Avevi kZ©vbymv‡i, x − 6 = y †m.wg. BC = b =
ev, x = y + 6 ...... ..... ..... ..... (ii) 30 †m. wg. Ges AC
GLb, x Gi gvb (i) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB, = c = 28 †m. wg. B E 30 †m.wg. C F
a + b + c
(y + 6)y = 160 cwimxgvi A‡a©K, s = 2
ev, y2 + 6y − 160 = 0
26 + 30 + 28 84
ev, y2 + 16y − 10y − 160 = 0 = = = 42 †m. wg.
2 2
ev, (y + 16) (y − 10) = 0 ABC Gi †¶Îdj = s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
nq, y + 16 = 0 A_ev, y − 10 = 0 = 42 (42 – 26) (42 –30) (42 – 28) eM© †m. wg.
 y = −16  y = 10 = 42  16  12  14 eM© †m. wg.
wKš‘ y = −16 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| = 14  3  16  12  14 eM© †m. wg.
 y = 10
= (14)2  (4)2  36 eM© †m. wg.
GLb (ii) bs mgxKiY †_‡K cvB,
= (14)2  (4)2  (6)2 eM© †m. wg.
x = 10 + 6  x = 16
AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 16 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 10 wgUvi| (Ans.) = 14  4  6 eM© †m. wg.
3 = 336 eM© †m. wg.
cÖkœ \ 7 \ GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg D”PZvi 4 Ask Ges †ÿÎdj 1
Avevi, ABC-Gi †¶Îdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
363 eM©wgUvi n‡j, †ÿÎwUi f‚wg I D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 1
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki D”PZv h = x wgUvi =  BC  AE [GLv‡b AE D”PZv ]
2
3x 1
 mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg b = 4 wgUvi =
2
 30  AE
= 15 AE eM© †m. wg.
kZ©vbymv‡i, 15 AE = 336 mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû `yBwU a I b Ges
336
ev, AE = 15 = 22.4 †m. wg. Zv‡ì g‡a¨ j¤^ `~iZ¡ h;
1 1
GLb, ABE mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, AZGe, 312 = 2 (a + b)  h ev, 312 = 2 (a + b)  24
2 2 2
AE + BE = AB 312  2
ev, (22.4) + BE = (26)2
2 2 ev, 24
=a+b
ev, BE2 = (26)2 – (22.4)2 = 676 – 501.76 = 174.24  a + b = 26 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... (i)
 BE = 174.24 = 13.2 †m. wg. cÖkœvbymv‡i, a − b = 8 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ......... (ii)
GLb, BF = BC + CF GLb, (i) + (ii) †_‡K cvB, 2a = 34  a = 17
= BC + BE [ BE = CF] (i) − (ii) †_‡K cvB, 2b = 18 b=9
= 30 + 13.2
= 43.2 †m. wg.  evû `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ 17 †m.wg. I 9 †m.wg. (Ans.)
myZivs, BDF mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R BD AwZfzR cÖkœ \ 12 \ GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g
2 2 2
 BD = BF + DF
31 †m. wg. I 11 †mw›UwgUvi Ges Aci evû `yBwUi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g
= (43.2) + (22.4)2
2 [ DF = AE]
= 1866.24 + 501.76 10 †m.wg. I 12 †m. wg.| Gi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
= 2368 †m. wg. mgvavb : D 11 †m.wg. C
 mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©, BD = 2368 = 48.66 †m. wg. ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi
myZivs K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 48.66 †m. wg. (cÖvq)| (Ans.) mgvšÍivj evû AB n‡Z 10 †m.wg.
12 †m.wg.
cÖkœ \ 10 \ GKwU i¤^‡mi cwimxgv 180 †m. wg. Ges ¶z`ªZg KY©wU DC Gi mgvb AE Ask
54 †m. wg.| Gi Aci KY© Ges †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| †K‡U wbB| A 31 †m.wg. E F B
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi ABCD D
C 20 †m.wg.
GKwU i¤^m Ges Gi AC I Zvn‡j, AE = CD = 11 †m. wg.
BD KY©Øq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z
myZivs, BE = AB – AE = (31 – 11) †m. wg.
= 20 †m. wg.
†Q` K‡i‡Q| O
BEC Gi CE = a = 10 †m. wg.
i¤^‡mi cwimxgv = 180 †m. A
45 †m.wg.
B BE = b = 20 †m. wg.
wg.
180 Ges BC = c = 12 †m. wg.
GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 †m. wg. ev 45 †m. wg. a+b+c
cwimxgvi A‡a©K, l = 2
awi, i¤^‡mi GKwU KY©, BD = 54 †m.wg.
†h‡nZz, i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i| =
10 + 20 + 12 42
= †m. wg. = 21 †m. wg.
54 2 2
myZivs, OD = 2 †m. wg = 27 †m. wg. BCE Gi †¶Îdj = s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
GLb, COD mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, = 21 (21 – 10) (21 – 20) (21 – 12) eM© †m.wg.
CD = 45 †m. wg. Ges OD = 27 †m.wg.
= 21  11  1  9 eM© †m.wg.
myZivs, DO2 + CO2 = CD2 [ CD = AwZfzR]
ev, (27) + CO = (45)
2 2 2 = 3 21  11 eM© †m.wg.
ev, CO = (45) – (27)
2 2 2 = 45.5 eM© †m.wg.
ev, CO = 2025 – 729
2 GLb, CF, BEC Gi D”PZv
ev, CO2 = 1296 1
myZivs 2  f‚wg  D”PZv = wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj
ev, CO = 1296 = 36 †m. wg.
[abvZ¥K gvb wb‡q, †h‡nZz ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv] 1
ev, 2  BE  CF = 45.5
AZGe, KY© AC = 2CO = 2  36 †m. wg. = 72 †m. wg.
1 45.5
GLv‡b, BD ev, d1 = 54 †m. wg. ev, 2  20  CF = 45.5  CF = 10
Ges AC ev d2 = 72 †m. wg. 45.5
1 UªvwcwRqv‡gi D”PZv, CF = 10 †m.wg.
AZGe, i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj = 2  d1  d2
1 UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû, a = 31 †m.wg. Ges b = 11 †m.wg.
= 2  54  72 eM© †m. wg. 1
 †¶Îdj = 2 (a + b) h
= 1944 eM© †m. wg.
wb‡Y©q Aci KY© 72 †m. wg. Ges †¶Îdj 1944 eM© †m. wg. 1
= (31 + 11) 
45.5
eM© †m. wg.
2 10
cÖkœ \ 11 \ GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû `yBwUi ˆ`‡N©ï 1 45.5
AšÍi 8 †m.wg. Ges G‡ì j¤^ `~iZ¡ 24 †m.wg.| hw` Gi †ÿÎdj =  42 
2 10
eM© †m.wg.
312 eM© †m.wg. nq UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q 45.5 957.5
= 21  = = 95.75 (cÖvq) eM© †m. wg. (Ans.)
Ki| 10 10
cÖkœ \ 13 \ GKwU mylg Aófy‡Ri †K›`ª †_‡K †KŠwYK we›`yi `~iZ¡ 741
= 0.03125 wU
1.5 wgUvi n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
= 23712 wU
mgvavb :
g‡b Kwi, ABCDEFGH GKwU mylg F E  iv¯ÍvwU cvKv Ki‡Z 23712wU BU cÖ‡qvRb| (Ans.)
AófyR| Gi †K›`ª O †_‡K cÖkœ \ 15 \ eûfyR wP‡Î Z_¨ Abymv‡i Gi †m.wg. 12
kxl©we›`y¸‡jv †hvM Kiv n‡jv| d‡j 8wU G D †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|

mgvb †ÿÎ wewkó wÎfyR Drcbœ nq| †m.wg. 22
O
360 H 1.5 C
 AOB = = 45
8 mgvavb :
A B
g‡b Kwi, †K›`ª O †_‡K kxl©we›`y¸‡jvi `~iZ¡, a = 1.5 wgUvi 12 †m.wg.
  †ÿÎ AOB-Gi †ÿÎdj = 2 a.asin45 = 2 a2 sin45

1 1
1 1
= 2 .(1.5)2. = 0.795 eM©wgUvi 22 †m.wg.
2
 mylg Aófy‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 8  †ÿÎ AOB-Gi †ÿÎdj
= 8  0.795 eM©wgUvi wP‡Î gv‡Si †ÿÎwU GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ hvi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 22 †m.wg.
= 6.36 eM©wgUvi  eM©‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = (22)2 eM© †m.wg. ev 484 eM© †m.wg.
wb‡Y©q Aófy‡Ri †ÿÎdj 6.36 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)| eM©‡ÿÎwUi Pvicv‡k PviwU mgvb †ÿÎdjwewkó wÎfzR Av‡Q, †hLv‡b
cÖkœ \ 14 \ AvqZvKvi GKwU dz‡ji evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 150 wgUvi Ges cÖ‡Z¨K wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi f‚wg 22 †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 12 †m.wg.|
cÖ¯’ 100 wgUvi| evMvbwU‡K cwiPh©v Kivi Rb¨ wVK gvS w`‡q 3  PviwU wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 4  12  22  12 eM© †m.wg.
wgUvi PIov ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ eivei iv¯Ív Av‡Q| = 528 eM© †m.wg.
(K) Dc‡ii Z_¨wU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mswÿß eY©bv `vI| myZivs wP‡Î †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = (484 + 528) eM© †m.wg.
(L) iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| = 1012 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
(M) iv¯ÍvwU cvKv Ki‡Z 25 †m.wg. ˆ`N©¨ Ges 12.5 †m.wg. cÖkœ \ 16 \ wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Z_¨ †_‡K Gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
cÖ¯’wewkó KqwU B‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? 2.4 †m.wg. C 20 †m.wg. C
D D
mgvavb : (K) cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi wPÎ Aw¼Z
n‡jv :
3 †m.wg. 12 †m.wg.
150 wg.
A B A B
4 †m.wg. 25 †m.wg.
wg.
2 †m.wg.
100
3 wg.
60
3 wg.
30 25 †m.wg.
AvqZvKvi evMvbwUi ˆ`N©¨ 150 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 100 wgUvi| 30
evMv‡bi gvS eivei ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’ `yBwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q hv‡ì cÖk¯ÍZv 30 
3 wgUvi| iv¯Ív `yBwU ci¯úi j¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z|
(L) evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ eivei iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (150  3) eM©wgUvi mgvavb :
= 450 eM©wgUvi 1g wP‡Î :
2.4 †m.wg. C
Ges evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ eivei iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (100 – 3)  3 eM©wgUvi D
= 291 eM©wgUvi 3 †m.wg.
 AZGe, iv¯ÍvØ‡qi †ÿÎdj = (450 + 291) eM©wgUvi

A E 1.6 †m.wg. B
= 741 eM©wgUvi
4 †m.wg.
wb‡Y©q iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj 741 eM©wgUvi| g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU PZzf©yR| hvi AB = 4 †m.wg. CD = 2.4
(M) ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj 741 eM©wgUvi| †m.wg. Ges BC = 3 †m.wg.
†Ìqv Av‡Q, B‡Ui ˆ`N©¨ = 25 †m.wg. = 0.25 wg. C we›`y n‡Z AB Gi Dci CE j¤^ Uvwb|
myZivs AE = CD = 2.4 †m.wg. n‡e|
Ges cÖ¯’ = 12.5 †m.wg. = 0.125 wg.
 BE = AB − AE = (4 − 2.4) †m.wg. = 1.6 †m.wg.
 B‡Ui †ÿÎdj = (0.25  0.125) eM©wgUvi ev 0.03125 eM©wgUvi GLb, mg‡KvYx wÎfyR BCE n‡Z cvB,
0.03125 eM©wgUvi iv¯Ív cvKv Ki‡Z B‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb BC2 = BE2 + CE2
ev, 32 = (1.6)2 + CE2  CD = 1 †m.wg.
ev, CE2 = 9 − 2.56  ACD G AD2 = CD2 + AC2
ev, CE = 6.44  CE = 2.538 †m.wg. ev, 22 = 12 + AC2
1 ev, AC2 = 4 − 1 = 3
 BCE wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  1.6  2.538
= 2.03 eM© †m.wg.  AC = 3 = 1.732
1
Ges AECD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2.4  2.538 eM© †m.wg.  ACD Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  1.732  1 = 0.866 eM© †m.wg.
= 6.091 eM© †m.wg.
GLb, ABC G awi, BC = y
 UªvwcwRqvg ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj
y
= PZzf©yR AECD Gi †ÿÎdj + BCE wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj sin30 =
1.732
= (6.091 + 2.03) eM© †m.wg. 1 y
= 8.121 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.) ev, 2 = 1.732
1.732
wØZxq wP‡Î : ev, y = 2  y = 0.866
20 †m.wg. C
D ABC G AC2 = BC2 + AB2
ev, (1.732)2 = (0.866)2 + AB2
12 †m.wg. ev, AB2 = 3 − 0.75
ev, AB = 2.25  AB = 1.5
A B 1
25 †m.wg.  ABC Gi †ÿÎdj =  1.5  0.866 = 0.65 eM© †m.wg.
2
wPÎ n‡Z cvB,  ABCDE cÂfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj = ADE Gi †ÿÎdj + ACD
ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØq AB = 25 †m.wg., Gi †ÿÎdj + ABC Gi †ÿÎdj
DC = 20 †m.wg. Ges mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ = (1.732 + 0.866 + 0.65) eM© †m.wg.
AD = 12 †m.wg. = 3.248 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)
1
 ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj = 2  (AB + DC)  AD 4_© wP‡Î :
1 wPÎwU‡K A, B, C, D, E, F, G I H Øviv wPwýZ Kwi|
=  (25 + 20)  12 eM© †m.wg. A
2
1 E 25 †m.wg. H
= 2  45  12 eM© †m.wg.
= 45  6 eM© †m.wg. B D
= 270 eM© †m.wg.
[we. `ª. cvV¨ eB‡qi wP‡Î AB evûi ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. Gi F 25 †m.wg. G
cwie‡Z© 25 †m.wg. a‡i mgvavb Kiv n‡q‡Q|] C
3q wP‡Î : cÖ`Ë wP‡Î, ABCD GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ|
E 2 †m.wg.
AB, BC, CD I AD Gi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g E, F, G I H myZivs
60 D
Drcbœ EFGH GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ|
C
30
30
A
B
g‡b Kwi, ABCDE GKwU cÂfyR|
3
ADE Gi †ÿÎdj = 4 (2)2 [ADE mgevû e‡j]
3
= 4  4 = 3 eM© †m.wg.
= 1.732 eM© †m.wg.
ACD G AD = 2 †m.wg.
x
awi, CD = x Zvn‡j, sin30 = 2
1 x 2
ev, 2 = 2 ev, x = 2  x = 1
 EF = FG = GH = HE = 25 †m.wg. †h‡nZz, BC I AD Gi ga¨we›`y F I H Ges AB || FH myZivs AB
F, H †hvM Kwi| = FH = 25 2
mg‡KvYx wÎfzR FGH n‡Z, A_©vr, AB = BC = CD = AD = 25 2
(FH)2 = (FG)2 + (GH)2 = (25)2 + (25)2 = 625 + 625  ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj = (25 2)2 eM© †m.wg.
ev, (FH)2 = 2  625 = 625  2 eM© †m.wg.
ev, FH = 2  (25)2 FH = 25 2 = 1250 eM© †m.wg. (Ans.)

1. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ 18 †m.wg. I Gi ˆ`N©¨ 9.43 †m.wg.
ii. AC
14 †m.wg. Ges Zv‡ì gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ 8 †m.wg. n‡j iii. Gi cwimxgv 24 †m.wg.
UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 128 L 64 M 32 N 16
2.
A B 12. GKwU e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ 80 wgUvi| Gi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨
10% evo‡j−
4 †m.wg.
i. cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e 88 wg.
D C ii. Gi †ÿÎdj evo‡e 21%
ABCD e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.?
iii. Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ evo‡e 10 2 wg.
K2 3 4 2 M4 3 N8 2
3. hw` GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi mwbœwnZ evûØq 8 †m.wg. Ges 15 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†m.wg. nq Z‡e AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K 23  17 M 12.68 N 11.31 13.
4. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 169 eM© †m.wg. n‡j, Gi cwimxgv D C
KZ †m.wg.?
K 13 L 26  52 N 65 3cm
5. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wØ¸Y Ges cwimxgv 60 wgUvi n‡j,
A B
cÖ¯’ KZ? 7cm
K5  10 M 12 N 20
6. GKwU AvqZvKvi N‡ii ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb¸Y| Gi †ÿÎdj Dc‡ii wP‡Î−
147 eM©wgUvi n‡j, cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? i. ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK
K 14 L 28  56 N 84 ii. Gi cwimxgv 20 †m.wg.
7. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi mwbœwnZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 3 wgUvi I 4 wgUvi iii. Gi †ÿÎdj 21 eM© †m.wg.
n‡j, Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5 L7 M 12 N 25
8. GKwU i¤^‡mi KY©Ø‡qi A‡a©K h_vµ‡g 5 †m.wg. Ges 7
†m.wg.| i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? 14.
K 12 L 24 M 35  70 A D
9. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g 10 wgUvi I 5 3cm
wgUvi n‡j Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
K 15 L5 3 M 10 5 5 B C
10. GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg 3 3 cm Ges D”PZv 2 3 cm n‡j 4cm
Gi †ÿÎdj KZ? Dc‡ii wP‡Î−
K 27 cm2  18 cm2 M 12 cm2 N6 cm2 i. ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj = 6 eM© †m.wg.
11. ii. ABC Gi cwimxgv = 12 †m.wg.
A D iii. ABCD Gi cwimxgv = 24 eM© †m.wg.
5 †mwg
O  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
B C wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
8 †mwg GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 144 eM© †m.wg. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cÖ¯’ 9
ABCD GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ n‡j− cm Ges AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb|
i. Gi †ÿÎdj 40 eM© †m.wg. 15. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cwimxgv KZ?
K 25 cm  50 cm M 81 cm N 256 cm 23. ABC Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
16. eM©wUi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ?  16 eM© †m.wg. L 16 †m.wg.
K 9 cm L 12 cm  12 2 cm N 25 cm M 32 eM© †m.wg. N 32 †m.wg.
wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 17 I 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 24. wP‡Îi `vMvswKZ As‡ki †ÿÎdj KZ?
6 cm
D C [h. †ev. Õ15] K 16 †m.wg. L 12 †m.wg.
M 16 eM© †m.wg.  12 eM© †m.wg.
5 cm
A E F B iv¯ Ív 3 m
10 cm
17. ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? AvqZvKvi evMvb 30 m
K 30  40 M 50 N 60 3m iv¯ Ív
18. CDEF Gi cwimxgv KZ †m.wg.? 40 m
K 10 L 11 M 12  22 25. iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj KZ?
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  384m2 L 816m2
3 †mwg E M 999m2 N 1200m2
B A 26. cÖwZ wgUvi 5 UvKv wnmv‡e evMv‡bi Pviw`‡K †eov w`‡Z KZ
LiP n‡e?
5 †mwg
 580 UvKv L 700 UvKv
D
C M 4080 UvKv N 6000 UvKv
19. ECDA eM©‡ÿ‡Îi AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? wb‡Pi Z_¨ †_‡K 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
K 2 2 †m.wg. L 3 2 †m.wg. ABCD GKwU i¤^m, hvi KY© A B
 4 2 †m.wg. N 5 2 †m.wg. AD = 12 †m.wg. BC = 16 †m.wg.|
20. BCDA UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.?
K 20 L 21  22 N 23 C D
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 27. CD evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
 10 L 14 M 28 N 100
34 wg.
x wg. 28. CD evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
wg.
30 wg. cyKzi K 31.416 †m.wg.  62.832 †m.wg.

wg.
x
M 314.16 †m.wg. N 628.32 †m.wg.

wg.
25
wg.
x
x wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

21. x Gi gvb KZ?
D 10 †m.wg. C
2 L4 M5 N9
22. cyKzicv‡oi we¯Ívi x wgUvi n‡j, cv‡oi †ÿÎdj KZ
15 †m.wg.
eM©wgUvi? E
B
K 50 L 100  220 N 440
†m.wg.
A 30
wb‡Pi Z_¨ †_‡K 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 29. BEC Gi cwimxgv KZ †m.wg.?
A 6 cm
 60 L 55 M 40 N 25
30. UªvwcwRqv‡gi I AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ KZ?
4 cm
 2:1 L 3:2 M 2:3 N 1:2

B C
8 cm

e¨vL¨v : AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’) eM©GKK|
162 : PZzfyR
© ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 32. ABCD GKwU AvqZ‡¶Î hvi ˆ`N©¨ AB = 7 wg. Ges cÖ¯’
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi AD = 4 wg.| AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj KZ? (ga¨g)
7
31. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK I cÖ¯’ b GKK n‡j †ÿÎdj KZ K 28 wgUvi L
4
eM©wgUvi
eM© GKK? (mnR)  28 eM©wgUvi N 7 Ges 4 wgUvi
a a
 ab L (ab)2 M N
b b
33. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© AvqZ‡ÿÎwU‡K mgvb KqwU wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Î wKš‘ eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (evûi ˆ`N©¨)2
wef³ K‡i? (mnR) = (8 2)2 eM© wg. = 128 wg.
K GKwU  `yBwU M wZbwU N PviwU 43. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 4 : 3 Ges Gi
34. †Kv‡bv AvqZ‡¶‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges cÖ¯’ b GKK n‡j K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 25 wg. n‡j, †ÿÎdj KZ e.wg. n‡e? (KwVb)
K 150  300 M 600 N 750
AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv KZ n‡e? (mnR)
44. GKwU AvqZvKvi N‡ii ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wØ¸Y Ges †ÿÎdj 512
K (a + b) eM© GKK  2(a + b) GKK
eM©wgUvi n‡j, cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? (KwVb)
M 4(a + b) eM© GKK N 4ab GKK
K 24 L 48 M 64  96
35. e¨vL¨v : 2x2 = 512 ev, x2 = 256 ev, x = 256 = 16
 ˆ`N©¨ = 2  16 = 32 wg. cwimxgv = 2(32 + 16) = 96 wg.|
45. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 48 GKK| Gi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i 3
¸Y n‡j, †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv KZ GKK? (KwVb)
K 16  32 M 38 N 40
AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi KY© = ? (mnR)
46. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 3 wg.| Gi †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb
K (a2 + b2) GKK L (a + b) GKK
†ÿÎdj wewkó AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 16 wg. n‡j, Gi cÖ¯’ KZ
 a2 + b2 GKK N a2 – b2 eM© GKK wgUvi n‡e? (ga¨g)
36. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 5 wg. n‡j, Gi 3 L4 M5 N6
K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ wg. n‡e? (ga¨g) 47. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j Gi evû I K‡Y©i AbycvZ
5 5 L7 5 M8 5 N 10 5 wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
e¨vL¨v : AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi, KY©2 = ˆ`N©¨2 + cÖ¯’2 = 102 + 52
 1: 2 L2: 2 M 3: 2 N4: 2
 KY© = 125 wg. = 5 5 wg.
e¨vL¨v : evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j KY© 2 a GKK|
37. eM©‡¶‡Îi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ a n‡j cwimxgv KZ? (mnR) a
 evû : KY© = =1: 2
K 2a GKK  4a GKK 2a
M a eM© GKK
2
N 4a eM© GKK
2
48. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges D”PZv h n‡j †ÿÎdj KZ? (mnR)
38. 1
K (a + h)
1
L (a  h)  ah N 2ah
2 2
e¨vL¨v : mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = f‚wgi ˆ`N©¨  D”PZv
49. GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg I D”PZv h_vµ‡g 20 †m.wg. I 10
†m.wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎd‡ji A‡a©K KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K 25 L 50  100 N 200
wP‡Î ABCD eM©‡¶‡Îi KY© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) C
50. wP‡Î ABCD GKwU D
 2 a GKK L 2 a eM© GKK
mvgvšÍwiK| Gi †ÿÎdj
M 2a3 GKK N 2a2 eM© GKK 40 eM© GKK Ges DE = 4
e¨vL¨v : KviY eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡Z¨K evû mgvb| GKK n‡j, AC K‡Y©i E
wP‡Î ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Î, ˆ`N©¨ KZ GKK? (ga¨g)
BD2 = CD2 + BC2 = a2 + a2 = 2a2  BD = 2 a A B
39. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wØ¸Y evov‡j †ÿÎdj KZ¸Y K 20 L 16  10 N8
e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b DE ⊥ AC
evo‡e? (ga¨g) 1
K1 L2 8 N 16  ADC Gi †ÿÎdj =  DE  AC
2
e¨vL¨v : awi, ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g a Ges b;  †ÿÎdj = ab 1
wØ¸Y evov‡j ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ n‡e a + 2a Ges b + 2b ev, 20 = 2  4  AC  AC = 10 GKK|
ev 3a Ges 3b  bZzb †ÿÎdj = 9ab 51. GKwU mgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU mwbœwnZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 10
d‡j †ÿÎdj e„w× = 9ab − ab = 8ab = 8  c~‡e©i †ÿÎdj wg. I 15 wg. n‡j Gi cwimxgv KZ wg.? (ga¨g)
40. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wg. n‡j Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ K 20 L 30 M 40  50
wg.? (ga¨g) 52. i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi d1 I d2 GKK n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj
K5 2  10 2 M 20 2 N 25 2 wb‡Pi †KvbwU n‡e? (mnR)
41. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 4 wg. n‡j, Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ 1
K d1d2  d1d2 M 2 d1d2 N 4 d1d2
wg. n‡e? (ga¨g) 2
1 1 1 53. i¤^‡mi `yBwU K‡Y©i ˆ`N©©¨ 8 wg. I 10 wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj
K L M 2 2
2 2 2 2 KZ eM©wgUvi? (ga¨g)
K 10 L 20 M 30  40
42. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 32 2 wg. n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj KZ
54. GKwU i¤^‡mi cwimxgv 240 †m.wg. n‡j Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ
eM©wgUvi n‡e? (ga¨g)
 128 L 164 M 180 N 185
†m.wg.? (ga¨g)
1 1  60 L 50 M 40 N 30
e¨vL¨v : eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4  cwimxgv = 4  32 2 wg. = 8 2 wg.
55. GKwU UªvwcwRqvg †ÿ‡Îi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
GKK I b GKK Ges G‡ì gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ h n‡j, Gi  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) 65. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki :
K 2h(a + b) eM© GKK L h(a2 + b2) eM© GKK i. AvqZ‡¶‡Îi KY© = ˆ`N©¨2 + cÖ¯’2
1 1 1

2
h (a + b) eM© GKK
4
h (a + b) eM© GKK
N ii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †¶Îdj =  †¶‡Îi f‚wg  D”PZv
2
56. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØq 20 wg. I 10 wg., Dnv‡ì eM©‡¶‡Îi KY© =
iii. 2  cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨
`~iZ¡ 12 wg. n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi n‡e? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K 120 L 150  180 N 240 K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
1
e¨vL¨v : UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj = 2  mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`‡N©ï mgwó 66. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK I cÖ¯’ b GKK n‡j−
1 i. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = a  b eM© GKK
 Dnv‡ì `~iZ¡ = 2(20 + 10)  12 e.wg. = 180 e.wg.
ii. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© = a2 + b2 eM© GKK
57. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 12 iii. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2(a + b) GKK
†m.wg. Ges 4 †m.wg. Ges Gi †ÿÎdj 48 eM© †m.wg. n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
D”PZv KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
6 L9 M 12 N 15 67. i¤^‡mi KY©−
1
e¨vL¨v : UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj = 2  (mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi †hvMdj)  D”PZv| i. i¤^m †ÿÎwU‡K `yBwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Î wef³ K‡i
48  2 ii. ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i
 D”PZv = 16 = 6. 1
iii. d1 I d2 n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj = 2d1d2
58. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj 36 eM© †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 6
†m.wg.| mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi e„nËi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg. n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
¶z`ªZi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K3 4 M5 N6 68.
1 D C
e¨vL¨v : UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj = 2  (mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi †hvMdj)  D”PZv|
1 h
 36 = 2 (8 + x)  6 ev x + 8 = 12  x = 4. d
59. GKwU evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 50 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 40 wg.| evMv‡bi A B

†fZ‡i Pviw`‡K 5 wgUvi PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯Ív i.
KY© ABCD mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎwU‡K ABC I ACD
AC
ev‡` evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g) wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Î wef³ K‡i‡Q
K 30  40 M 50 N 60
ii. ABCD mvgvšÍwiK †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = dh eM© GKK
60. n msL¨K evûwewkó mylg eûfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj †KvbwU? (mnR)
iii. mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿÎ ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  wÎfzR‡ÿÎ
3 b
K n a2 L n 4a2 − b2 ACD Gi †ÿÎdj
4 4
180 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
 n cot 
1 a2
M  n ab
2 4  n  K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
61. mylg eûfy‡Ri †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? (ga¨g) 69. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
K 1 mg‡KvY L 2 mg‡KvY M 3 mg‡KvY  4 mg‡KvY i. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10 †m.wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 7 †m.wg.
62. GKwU mylg cÂfz‡Ri cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi n‡j Gi cwimxgv 80 eM© †m.wg.
†ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) ii. GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg 15 †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 6
K 3 eM© †m.wg. L 36 eM© †m.wg.
†m.wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj 90 eM© †m.wg.
M 12.384 eM© †m.wg.  27.528 eM© †m.wg.
iii. GKwU i¤^‡mi KY©Øq h_vµ‡g 6 †m.wg. I 9 †m.wg.
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj 27 eM© †m.wg.
63. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (KwVb)
i. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’
ii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = f‚wg  D”PZv Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii. i¤^‡mi KY©Øq h_vµ‡g d1 I d2 n‡j Zvi †ÿÎdj = d1  d2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 70 − 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
A D
1 5 wgUvi
i. i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj = 2 KY© `yBwUi ¸Ydj
ii. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi KY© = 2  cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ B 7 wgUvi C
iii. mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj = 2  †ÿÎwUi f‚wg  †ÿÎwUi D”PZv 70. ABCD AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 28 eM©wgUvi  35 eM©wgUvi M 12 eM©wgUvi N 24 eM©wgUvi  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 82 − 84 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
71. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv? (ga¨g)
 24 wgUvi L 32 wgUvi M 64 wgUvi N 69 wgUvi
GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 80 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 60 wg.| Rwgi
72. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi KY©? (ga¨g)
wfZ‡i 4 wg. cvowewkó GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q|
K 10 wgUvi L 3.5 wgUvi M 47 wgUvi  74 wgUvi
82. AvqZvKvi Rwgi cwimxgv KZ? (mnR)
K 4800 eM©wgUvi L 4800 wgUvi
 280 wgUvi N 280 eM©wgUvi
GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 40 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 30 wg.| Gi ˆ`N©¨
e¨vL¨v : cwimxgv = 2(80 + 60) = 2  140 = 280 wgUvi|
10 wg. Kgv‡j GwU eM©vKvi evMv‡b cwiYZ nq|
83. cvoev‡` cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj KZ? (ga¨g)
73. AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wg.? (ga¨g)
K 4800 eM©wgUvi L 4800 wgUvi
K 1000  1200 M 1400 N 1600
74. eM©vKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wg.? (ga¨g)  3744 eM© w gUvi N 1056 eM©wgUvi
K 700 L 800  900 N 1000 e¨vL¨v : cvoev‡` cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj= (72  52) = 3744 eM©wgUvi|
75. eM©vKvi evMv‡bi cwimxgv KZ wg.? (ga¨g) 84. cyKz‡ii cv‡oi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 110  120 M 130 N 140  1056 eM©wgUvi L 4800 eM©wgUvi
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 76 − 78 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M 3744 eM©wgUvi N 4567 eM©wgUvi
ABCD GKwU eM©‡¶Î, hvi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m.wg.| e¨vL¨v : cyKz‡ii cv‡oi †ÿÎdj= (4800 − 3744) ev 1056 eM©gUvi|
A D  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 85 − 87 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E D
6 wgUvi 4 †m.wg.
C
B F O C
76. eM©‡¶ÎwUi †¶Îdj KZ? (mnR)
K 12 eM© †m.wg. L 30 eM© †m.wg.
 36 eM© †m.wg. N 72 eM© †m.wg. A B
77. eM©‡¶ÎwUi cwimxgv KZ †m.wg.? (mnR)
Dc‡ii wP‡Î ABCDEF mylg lofzR †Ìqv Av‡Q hvi cÖwZwU
 24 †m.wg. L 22 †m.wg. M 20 †m.wg. N 18 †m.wg.
evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg.|
78. eM©‡¶‡Îi KY© KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
85. ABCDEF lofz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
 6 2 †m.wg. L 7 2 †m.wg. M 8 3 †m.wg. N 11 2 †m.wg.
4 3 24 3
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 79 − 81 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : K
3
L4 3 M
3
 24 3
wP‡Î ABCD GKwU i¤^m| 2
180
D C
a
e¨vL¨v : ABCDEF lofz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 6 4 cot ( )
6
42
= 6 cot 30 eM© †m.wg.
4
= 24 3 eM© †m.wg.
O
86.  OAB Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (mnR)
A B 3 4 3 2 3
K L M 4 3
79. i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 9 3 9
1 1 ABCDEF lofz‡Ri †ÿÎdj
  AC  BD L  AB  BC e¨vL¨v : OAB Gi †ÿÎdj = 6
2 2
1 24 3
M AC  BD N (AC + BD) =
6
eM© †m.wg. ev 4 3 eM© †m.wg.
2
80. i¤^‡mi cwimxgv wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
87. ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K4 3 L8 3
K 2AB  4AB M AB + BC N AB  BC
81. KY© AC Gi ˆ`N©¨ 10 †m.wg. n‡j AO Gi ˆ`N©¨ KZ  12 3 N2 3
e¨vL¨v : ABCD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 3  OAB Gi †ÿÎdj
†m.wg.? (mnR)
= 3  4 3 eM© †m.wg. = 12 3 eM© †m.wg.
K 3 L4 5 N6

88. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wØ¸Y Ki‡j Gi †ÿÎdj 89. 5 2 wgUvi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wewkó eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
KZ¸Y evo‡e? 5 L6 M7 N8
K 9 ¸Y L 8 ¸Y  4 ¸Y N 3 ¸Y
90. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 3 wgUvi n‡j, Gi 104. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi D”PZv 4 †m.wg. Ges mgvšÍivj evû
K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ? `yBwU h_vµ‡g 9 †m.wg. I 7 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
K 4 wgUvi  5 wgUvi M 6 wgUvi N 7 wgUvi 105.
91.  32 eM© †m.wg. L 64 eM© †m.wg.
A B
M 126 eM© †m.wg. N 252 eM© †m.wg.
d 2
106. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 200 eM©wgUvi, Gi cÖ¯’ 10 wgUvi
d 1 n‡j, ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
h K 10 L 15  20 N 30
D C 107. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 28 wgUvi n‡j Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
K 14 7 M4 N2
ABCD i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj †KvbwU? 108. GKwU e„‡Ëi cwiwa 220 wg. H e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ eM©‡ÿ‡Îi
1 1
K  CD  h   d1  d2 cwimxgv KZ?
2 2
M d1  d2 N AB  CD K 35.014 wg. L 70.028 wg. M 49.52 wg.  198.07 wg.
92. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 1000 eM© †m.wg.| cÖwZwU 50 eM© 109. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 8 †m.wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 6 †m.wg. n‡j, Zvi
†m.wg BU w`‡q euvav‡Z †gvU KZwU BU jvM‡e? cwimxgv wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
 20 wU L 50000 wU K 10 †m.wg. L 12 †m.wg. M 14 †m.wg.  28 †m.wg.
M 4000 wU N 100 wU 110. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 200 eM© †m.wg. Gi cwimxgv KZ?
93. GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØq 20 wg. I 10 wg.,  40 2 †m.wg. L 20 †m.wg.
G‡ì `~iZ¡ 12 wg. n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi n‡e? M 200 †m.wg. N 100 †m.wg.
K 120 L 150  180 N 240
111. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 15 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 10 wg. n‡j
94. GKwU i¤^‡mi cwimxgv 24 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ
†ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi n‡e?
†m.wg.?
K4 6 M 12 N 18 K3 5 L4 5 5 5 N6 5
95. e‡M©i GKwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg. n‡j, e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 112. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 32 wg. Ges cwimxgv 96 wg. n‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU? AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj KZ?
1 1 K 1024  512 M 256 N 128
K
12
†m.wg. L 2 †m.wg. M 2 †m.wg.  2 †m.wg. 113. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 8 wgUvi n‡j, †ÿÎdj KZ
96. †Kv‡bv mvgvšÍwi‡Ki f‚wg 12 †m.wg. Ges f‚wgi mgvšÍivj eM©wgUvi?
evûi gaëZ©x `~iZ¡ 6 †m.wg. n‡j, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †ÿÎdj K2 4 M6 N8
KZ? 114. e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 n‡j, K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
K 60 eM© †m.wg.  72 eM© †m.wg. 1 1
2 L 2 M N
M 144 eM© †m.wg. N 36 eM© †m.wg. 2 12
97. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 8 wgUvi n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ 115. i¤^‡mi KY©Øq−
eM©wgUvi? i. ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i
K2 4 M6 N7 ii. ci¯úi mgvb
98. †Kv‡bv UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû `yBwUi GKwUi Ab¨wU A‡cÿv iii. Gi mgwó i¤^mwUi cwimxgv A‡cÿv ¶z`ªZi
4 †m.wg. eo| ¶z`ªZg evûwU 8 †m.wg. Ges G‡ì g‡a¨ j¤^ `~iZ¡ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
4 †m.wg. n‡j †ÿÎdj KZ? K i I ii L ii I iii  i I iii N i, ii I iii
K 20 eM© †m.wg. L 30 eM© †m.wg.
 40 eM© †m.wg. N 60 eM© †m.wg.
i. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 4a GKK
99. †Kv‡bv eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
ii. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY© d = a2 + b2
 a2 L 2a M 4a N 2a2
100. mylg eûfz‡Ri †KvY¸‡jv− iii. Nb‡Ki K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 3a GKK
K mg‡KvY  mgvb M Amgvb N mij‡KvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
101. AvqZKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv h_vµ‡g a, b I c K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
n‡j Gi KY© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 117. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 12 †m.wg. n‡j, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi−
K b2 + c2 L a2 + b2 + c2 i. cwimxgv = 48 †m.wg. ii. †ÿÎdj = 144 †m.wg.
M 2(ab + bc + ca)  a2 + b2 + c2 iii. K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 8 2 †m.wg.
102. GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 5 wgUvi n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
5 5 L7 5 M8 5 N 10 5  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 118 I 119 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
103. GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 169 eM© †m.wg. n‡j Gi cwimxgv 300 wgUvi evûwewkó GKwU eM©vKvi gv‡Vi wVK gvS eivei 4 wgUvi
KZ?
cÖ¯’ `yBwU c_ j¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z| c‡_ cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Nvm jvMv‡Z
K 13 †m.wg. L 26 †m.wg.  52 †m.wg. N 65 †m.wg.
LiP nq 1.5 UvKv|
118. c‡_i †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? AvqZvKvi GKwU Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 30 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 20 wgUvi| Rwgi
K 1250 L 1620 M 2050  2384 Af¨šÍ‡i 3 wgUvi PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
119. c‡_ Nvm jvMv‡Z LiP co‡e KZ UvKv? 127. iv¯Ívev‡` Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
K 2420 L 3410  3576 N 4026 K 23  24 M 27 N 28
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 120 I 121 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 128. iv¯Ívev‡` Rwgi cÖ¯’ KZ wgUvi?
AvqZvKvi GKwU N‡ii †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ A‡cÿv 2 wgUvi †ewk  14 L 15 M 16 N 17
Ges †g‡Si cwimxgv 20 wgUvi| 129. Rwgi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wgUvi?
K 300 L 400 M 500  600
120. NiwUi †g‡Si ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi?
K4 6 M8 N 10 130. AECD PZzf©y‡Ri †ÿ‡Î A = 90 n‡j PZzf©yRwUi cÖK…wZ
121. NiwUi †g‡Si †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? wKiƒc n‡e?
 24 L 32 M 48 N 80 K mvgvšÍwiK  AvqZ M UªvwcwRqvg N i¤^m
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 122 − 124 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 131 − 133 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
GKwU evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 40 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 30 wgUvi| evMv‡bi g‡a¨ a
mgvb cvowewkó cyKzi Av‡Q| cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj evMv‡bi A‡a©K| A D
122. evMv‡bi cwimxgv KZ?
b
K 70 wg.  140 wg. M 240 wg. N 250 wg.
123. cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
B C
K 20 wg. L 25 wg.  30 wg. N 40 wg.
131. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ?
124. cyKz‡ii cvwbi MfxiZv 3 wg. n‡j KZUzKz cvwb Av‡Q? K ab GKK  ab eM© GKK
K 1200 Nb wg. L 1600 Nb wg.
M ad eM© GKK N a2 eM© GKK
 1800 Nb wg. N 2400 Nb wg.
132. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ d Gi gvb KZ?
K a2 − b2 GKK  a2 + b2 GKK
GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 30 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 20 wgUvi| 1
125. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? M a2 + b2 eM© GKK N (a2 + b2) GKK
2
K 400  600 M 1200 N 1800 133. i. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †KvY¸‡jv mg‡KvY
126. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi Aa© cwimxgv KZ wgUvi? ii. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi wecixZ evû¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb I mgvšÍivj
K 40  50 M 100 N 120
iii. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY©Øq ci¯úi mgvb
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 127 − 130 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki L ii M i I ii  i, ii I iii

œ 1  GKwU AvqZKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj 300 eM©wgUvi| hw`
cÖk- ev, x(x − 25) + 12(x − 25) = 0
evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 13 wgUvi Kg nq, Zvn‡j evMvbwU eM©vKvi nq| ev, x(x − 25) (x + 12) = 0
K. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv I K‡Y©i ˆ`‡N©ï m~Î wjL| 2 nq, x − 25 = 0 A_ev, x + 12 = 0
L. evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4  x = 25  x = − 12
M. eM©vKvi evMv‡bi evB‡i Pviw`‡K 1 wgUvi PIov Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq KviY ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K
GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 n‡Z cv‡i bv|
x Gi gvb (ii) bs G ewm‡q,
y = 25 − 13 = 12 wg.
K. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)  evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 25 wg. Ges evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ 12 wg. (Ans.)
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = (ˆ`N©¨)2 + (cÖ¯’)2 M. ˆ`N©¨ 13 wgUvi Kg n‡j †h eM©vKvi evMvb ˆZwi n‡e Zvi cÖwZ
L. g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ =x wg. evûi ˆ`N©¨ (25 − 13) wgUvi ev 12 wgUvi|
Ó Ó cÖ¯’ = y wg. ∴ eM©vKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = (12  12) wgUvi
 AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = xy eM©wgUvi = 144 eM©wgUvi
1g kZ©g‡Z, xy = 300 ..............(i) iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (14 + 2  1) eM©wgUvi
2q kZ©g‡Z, y = x − 13 ...........(ii) = (12 + 2) eM©wgUvi
(i) bs n‡Z, xy = 30 = 14 eM©wgUvi
ev, x(x − 13) = 3000 [(i) bs eënvi K‡i] iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = (14  14) eM©wgUvi
ev, x2 − 13x = 300 = 196 eM©wgUvi
ev, x2 − 13x − 300 = 0
ev, x2 − 25x + 12x − 300 = 0 ∴ iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (196 − 144) eM©wgUvi = 52 eM©wgUvi (Ans.)
œ 2  iæwgi evwoi mvg‡b GKwU AvqZvKvi evMvb Av‡Q hvi
cÖk- ev, a = x2 + y2
ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 3 t 2 Ges †ÿÎdj 600 eM©wgUvi| evMvbwUi = (60)2 + (40)2 wgUvi
cwimxgv GKwU eM©vKvi K‡ÿi cwimxgvi mgvb| cÖwZwU 25 †m. wg.
eM©vKvi cv_i w`‡q KÿwU †gvov‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU cv_‡ii g~j¨ 1550 = 3600 + 1000 wgUvi
UvKv| = 72.11 wgUvi (Ans.)
K. iæwgi evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 2 L evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = (60  40) eM©wgUvi ev 2400 eM©wgUvi
L. KÿwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 1
M. m¤ú~Y© KÿwU cv_i w`‡q †gvov‡Z †gvU KZ UvKv LiP  cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj = 2400 Gi 3 Ask = 800 eM©wgUvi
n‡e? 4 g‡b Kwi, cv‡oi cÖ¯’ = x wgUvi
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = (60 − 2x) wgUvi
" cÖ¯’ = (40 − 2x) wgUvi
K g‡b Kwi, evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 3x wgUvi Ges evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ 2x wgUvi  cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj = (60 − 2x) (40 − 2x) eM©wgUvi
 †ÿÎdj = (3x  2x) eM©wgUvi ev 6x2 eM©wgUvi = (2400 − 200x + 4x2) eM©wgUvi
DÏxcK Abymv‡i, 6x2 = 600 ev, x2 = 100  x = 10 kZ©vbymv‡i, 4x − 200x + 2400 = 800
2
 evMvbwUi cÖ¯’ = 2x = (2  10) wgUvi ev 20 wgUvi| (Ans.) ev, 4x2 − 200x + 2400 − 800 = 0
ev, 4x2 − 200x + 1600 = 0
L ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wgUvi ev, x2 − 50x + 400 = 0
= (3  10) wgUvi ev 30 wgUvi| ev, x2 − 40x − 10x + 400 = 0
evMv‡bi cwimxgv = 2 (30 + 20) wgUvi ev, x(x − 40) − 10(x − 40) = 0
= (2  50) wgUvi ev 100 wgUvi| ev, (x − 40)(x − 10) = 0
DÏxcK Abymv‡i, nq, x − 40 = 0
evMv‡bi cwimxgv = eM©vKvi K‡ÿi cwimxgv AvqZvKvi ev, x = 40 wKš‘ cyKz‡ii cv‡oi cÖ¯’ 40 wg. n‡Z cv‡i bv
eM©vKvi K‡ÿi cwimxgv = 100 wgUvi| KviY evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ 40 wg.
100 A_ev, x − 10 = 0
 eM©vKvi K‡ÿi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi ev 25 wgUvi|  x = 10
eM©Kvi K‡ÿi †ÿÎdj = (25  25) eM©wgUvi  cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = (60 − 2  10) wgUvi
= 625 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) = (60 − 20) wgUvi ev 40 wgUvi
cyKz‡ii cÖ¯’ = (40 − 2  10) wgUvi
M ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, = (40 − 20) wgUvi ev 20 wgUvi
eM©vKvi K‡ÿi †ÿÎdj = 625 eM©wgUvi  cyKz‡ii cwimxgv = 2(40 + 20) wgUvi
= (625  10000) eM© †m.wg. = 2  60 wgUvi ev 120 wgUvi (Ans.)
= 6250000 eM© †m.wg. M ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, cyKz‡ii cwimxgv = 120 wg.
Avevi, eM©vKvi cv_‡ii †ÿÎdj = (25  25) eM© †m.wg.  DwjøwLZ e‡M©i cwimxgv = 120 wg.
= 625 eM© †m.wg. 120
 e‡M©i GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wg. ev 30 wg.
 KÿwU cv_i w`‡q †gvov‡Z cv_i jvM‡e
6250000  eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (30  30) eM©wg.
= 625 wU ev 10000wU = 900 eM©wg.
 †gvU LiP n‡e = (1550  10000) UvKv = (900  100  100) eM© †m.wg.
= 9000000 eM© †m.wg.
= 155000 UvKv (Ans.) Uvwji GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 30 †m.wg.
cÖk-œ 3  bv‡Uvi DËiv MYfe‡bi †fZi GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi Ó Ó Ó = (30  30) eM© †m.wg.
ˆ`N©¨ 60 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 40 wg.| evMv‡bi †fZi mgvb cvowewkó = 900 eM© †m.wg.
GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q| cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj evMv‡bi †ÿÎd‡ji GK- 9000000
 cÖ‡qvRbxq Uvwj = 900 wU ev 10000 wU (Ans.)
Z…Zxqvsk|
K. evMv‡bi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 cÖk-œ 4  iwWª· mv‡ne Zvi evMvbevox‡Z 4 wgUvi ˆ`N©¨wewkó
L. cyKz‡ii cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4 PZz f ‚©R AvK…wZi GKwU Ni ˆZwi Kij| Zuvi †g‡S‡Z 1 wgUvi
eM©vKv‡i UvBjm jvMv‡bv n‡jv| UvBj‡mi `vg cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 500
M. cyKz‡ii cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgvwewkó GKwU UvKv|
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †g‡S 30 †m.wg. eM©vKvi Uvjx w`‡q euva‡Z K. NiwUi cÖwZwU Kb©v‡i †Kv‡Yi cwigvY KZ? 2
†gvU KZwU Uvjx jvM‡e? 4 L. NiwUi †g‡Si †ÿÎdj KZ? 4
 3bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  M. †g‡S‡Z UvBj‡mi LiP KZ? 4
K †Ìqv Av‡Q, evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ x = 60 wg. Ges cÖ¯’ y = 40 wg.
evMv‡bi KY© a n‡j wc_v‡Mviv‡mi Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i, a2 = x2 + y2 K. Avgiv Rvwb, n msL¨K evûwewkó mylg eûf‚‡Ri †KvY  n‡j,
 = 90 − n
180  Rwgi †ÿÎdj = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’ = 3x  x = 3x2
180
cÖkœg‡Z, 3x2 = 363
ev,  = 90 − 4 ev, x2 = 121
ev,  = 90 − 45   = 45  x = ± 121 = 11
 cÖwZwU KY©v‡i †Kv‡Yi cwigvY 2 = 2  45 = 90 (Ans.)  Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 11 wgUvi| (Ans.)
L. Avgiv Rvwb, eûf‚‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4 cot  n 
na2 180 L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, iv¯Ívi ˆ`N©¨ = 2 wg.
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 11 wg.
GLv‡b, a = 4 wgUvi Ges n = 4
 Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = (3  11) wg. = 33 wg.
4  42
 4  n  = 4 cot  4  = 16cot45
na2 180 180
GLb iv¯Ívmn Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = {33 + (2  2)} wg. = 37 wg.
= 16 eM©wgUvi Ges iv¯Ívmn Rwgi cÖ¯’ = {11 + (2  2)} wg. = 15 wg.
 NiwUi †g‡Si †ÿÎdj 16 eM©wgUvi (Ans.) iv¯Ívmn Rwgi †ÿÎdj = (15  37) eM©wgUvi. = 555 eM©wgUvi
M. 1 eM©wgUvi UvBj‡m LiP nq 500 wgUvi iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = iv¯Ívmn Rwgi †ÿÎdj − iv¯Ívev‡` Rwgi
 16 eM©wgUvi UvBj‡m LiP nq (500  16) UvKv †ÿÎdj = (555 − 363) eM©wg. ev 192 eM©wgUvi
= 8000 UvKv| (Ans.) eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 192 eM©wgUvi
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GKevûi ˆ`N©¨ = 192 wg. = 13.86 (Ans.)
œ 5  GKwU Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb ¸Y| Rwgi evB‡i 2 wgUvi
cÖk-
M. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 33 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ = 11 wgUvi
PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| RwgwUi †ÿÎdj 363 eM©wgUvi| km¨
iÿv‡_© Rwgi Pviw`‡K I Rwgi KY© eivei wdZv Uvb‡Z nq| cÖwZ  RwgwUi cwimxgv = 2(ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’) = 2  (33 + 11) wgUvi
= 88 wgUvi
wgUvi wdZv Uvb‡Z LiP nq 5 wgUvi|
†h‡nZz RwgwU AvqZvKvi
K. Rwgi cÖ¯’ KZ? 2
L. iv¯Ívi †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb †ÿÎdjwewkó eM©‡ÿ‡Îi  RwgwUi KY© = (ˆ`N©¨)2 + (cÖ¯’)2 GKK
evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 = 332 + 112 = 34.79 wgUvi
M. Rwgi Pvi w`‡K I Rwgi KY© eivei wdZv Uvb‡Z †h  Rwgi cwimxgv eivei †gvU LiP = 88  5 ev 440 UvKv
UvKv LiP nq Zv‡ì AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4 Ges Rwgi KY© eivei †gvU LiP = 34.97  5 ev 173.95 UvKv
 5bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   Rwgi cwimxgv eivei †gvU LiP t Rwgi KY© eivei †gvU LiP
= 440 t 173.95 = 2.53 t 1 (Ans.)
K. g‡b Kwi, Rwgi cÖ¯’ = x wg.
 Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = 3x wg.

œ 6  GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj
cÖk- 192 eM©wgUvi| Dnvi ev, 192 + 4x − 4y − 16 = 192 [(i) bs †_‡K]
ˆ`N©¨ 4 wgUvi Kgv‡j Ges cÖ¯’ 4 wgUvi evov‡j †ÿÎdj AcwiewZ©Z ev, 4x − y = 4
_v‡K| evMv‡bi wfZ‡i mgvb cvo wewkó GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q| ev, x − y = 4
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸wj mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2  x = 4 + y .................(iii)
L. evMv‡bi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4 x –Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q;
M. cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj evMv‡bi †ÿÎd‡ji A‡a©K n‡j (4 + y)y = 192
ev, y2 + 4y − 192 = 0
cyKzi cv‡oi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, y2 + 16y − 12y − 192 = 0
 6bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, y(y + 16) − 12(y + 16) = 0
K. g‡b Kwi,  (y + 16) (y − 12) = 0
AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ y wgUvi nq, y + 16 = 0 A_ev, y − 12 = 0
 AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = xy eM©wgUvi|  y = − 16  y = 12
Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY cÖ¯’ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÖkœg‡Z, xy = 192
 cÖ¯’ = 12
Avevi, ˆ`N©¨ 4 wg. Kgv‡j I cÖ¯’ 4 wg. evov‡j bZzb †ÿÎdj
y–Gi gvb (iii) bs G ewm‡q cvB,
(x − 4) (y + 4) e.wg.
x = 12 + 4 = 16 wgUvi
cÖkœg‡Z, (x − 4) (y + 4) = 192 (Ans.)
 ˆ`N©¨ = 16 wgUvi|
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cÖvß,
 evMv‡bi cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)
xy = 192 .............(i)
Ges (x − 4) (y + 4) = 192............. (ii) = 2 (16 + 12) wgUvi
(ii) bs †_‡K cvB, = 2  28 = 56 wgUvi (Ans.)
xy + 4x − 4y − 16 = 192 M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cÖvß,
evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 16 wgUvi Ges evMv‡bi cÖ¯’ 12 wgUvi| M. ÔLÕ n‡Z, gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ = 2  16 wg. ev 32 wg.
DÏxcK †_‡K cvB, evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj = 192 eM©wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ = 16 wg.
awi, cyKz‡ii cv‡oi we¯Ívi x wgUvi c‡_i cÖ¯’ = 2 wg.
 cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = (16 − 2x) wgUvi  c_mn gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ = (32 + 2  2) wg. ev 36 wg.
 cyKz‡ii cÖ¯’ = (12 − 2x) wgUvi c_mn gv‡Vi cÖ¯’ = (16 + 2  2) wg. ev 20 wg.
 cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj = (16 − 2x) (12 − 2x) eM©wgUvi
c_mn gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = 36  20 e.wg. ev 720 e. wg.
= (192 − 32x − 24x + 4x2) eM©wgUvi
 c‡_i †ÿÎdj = (720 − 512) e.wg. ev 208 e.wg.
= (4x2 − 56x + 192) eM©wgUvi
= (4x2 − 14x + 48) eM©wgUvi  cÖwZ e.wg. 250 UvKv wn‡m‡e iv¯ÍvwU euvav‡Z †gvU LiP
1 (208  250) UvKv ev 52000 UvKv| (Ans.)
cÖkœg‡Z, 4(x2 − 14x + 48) = 2  192
œ 8  GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi †¶Îdj
cÖk- 1200 eM©wgUvi| ˆ`N©¨
ev, 4(x2 − 14x + 48) = 96 10 wgUvi Kg n‡j Zv GKwU eM©‡¶Î nq| (Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi)
ev, x2 − 14x + 48 = 24 K. Ic‡ii Z‡_ï AvbycvwZK wPÎ A¼b K‡i Rwgi
ev, x2 − 14x + 24 = 0 ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ exRMvwYwZK ivwki gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb
ev, x2 − 12x − 2x + 24 = 0 Ki| 2
ev, x(x − 12) − 2(x − 12) = 0 L. Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4
ev, (x − 12) (x − 2) = 0 M. Rwgi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgvwewkó GKwU eM©vKvi
nq, x − 12 = 0 C`Mvn gvV 50 †m.wg. eM©vKvi cv_i Øviv euvavB
 x = 12 Ki‡Z KqwU cv_i jvM‡e? 4
Bnv Am¤¢e KviY cyKz‡ii cv‡oi we¯Ívi evMv‡bi cÖ‡¯’i mgvb  8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
n‡Z cv‡i bv| K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, AvqZvKvi Rwgi †¶Îdj =1200 eM©wgUvi
A_ev, x − 2 = 0 g‡b Kwi, Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = x wgUvi Ges Rwgi cÖ¯’ = y wgUvi
x=2 10
 cyKz‡ii cv‡oi we¯Ívi 2 wgUvi| (Ans.)
œ 7  GKwU AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ we¯Ív‡ii wØ¸Y Ges
cÖk-
†ÿÎdj 512 e.wg.| 1200 wgUvi y wgUvi
K. gvVwUi AvbycvwZK wPÎ AuvK| Gi cÖ¯’ x wg. n‡j

†ÿÎdj KZ? 2
x wgUvi
L. gv‡Vi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4
AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi Kg n‡j Zv GKwU eM©‡¶Î nq|
M. gvVwUi evB‡i Pviw`‡K 2 wgUvi PIov GKwU c_
 eM©‡¶‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = (x – 10) wgUvi
Av‡Q| cÖwZ e.wg. 250 UvKv wn‡m‡e c_wU euvav‡Z eM©vKvi n‡j Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ mgvb nq|
†gvU KZ LiP n‡e? 4 myZivs y = (x – 10) wgUvi
 7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. cÖkœg‡Z, AvqZvKvi Rwgi †¶Îdj = 1200 eM©wgUvi
K. ev, xy = 1200 ...........................(i)
ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, y = (x – 10)
GLb y Gi gvb mgxKiY (i) G ewm‡q cvB,
512 eM© wg. x wg. ev, x (x – 10) = 1200
ev, x2 – 10x = 1200
ev, x2 – 10x – 1200 = 0
2x wg. ev, x2 – 40x + 30x –1200 = 0
GLv‡b, AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi we¯Ívi = x wgUvi ev, x(x – 40) + 30 (x – 40) = 0
 ˆ`N©¨ = 2x wgUvi ev, (x – 40) (x + 30) = 0
 AvqZvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = 2x  x eM©wgUvi nq, x – 40 = 0 A_ev, x + 30 = 0
= 2x2 eM©wgUvi  x = 40  x = – 30
L. gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = 512 eM©wgUvi †h‡nZz ˆ`‡N©ï gvb FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, myZivs x = 40 wgUvi
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2x2 = 512 GLb x = 40 n‡j,
512 y = (x – 10) wgUvi = (40 – 10) wgUvi = 30 wgUvi
ev, x2 = 2
wb‡Y©q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 40 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 30 wgUvi|
ev, x2 = 256  x = 16
M. Rwgi cwimxgv = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)
GLb, gv‡Vi cwimxgv = 2(2x + x) wgUvi = 2(40 + 30) wgUvi
= 2  3x wgUvi = (2  70) wgUvi
= 2  3  16 wgUvi [ x = 16] = 140 wgUvi
= 96 wgUvi (Ans.)
cÖkœg‡Z, eM©vKvi C`Mvn gv‡Vi cwimxgv Rwgi cwimxgvi mgvb wgUvi
= 128
 eM©vKvi C`Mvn gv‡Vi cwimxgv = 140 wgUvi  AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv 128 wgUvi| (Ans.)
140
 eM©vKvi C`Mvn gv‡Vi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi = 35 wgUvi M. eM©‡¶ÎwU euvav‡bvi Rb¨ 40 †m.wg. eM©vKvi cv_i eënvi Kiv nq|
eM©vKvi C`Mvn gv‡Vi †¶Îdj = (35  35) eM©wgUvi A_©vr eM©vKvi cv_‡ii GK evû = 40 †m.wg.
40
= 1225 eM©wgUvi =
100
†m.wg.
GKwU eM©vKvi cv_‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = 50 †m.wg. = 0.5 wgUvi = 0.4 wg.
2
GKwU cv_‡ii †¶Îdj = (0.5) eM©wgUvi = 0.25 eM©wgUvi cÖkœg‡Z, eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv = AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv
 †gvU cv_i jvM‡e = (1225  0.25)wU = 4900wU  eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv = 128 wgUvi
 †gvU 4900 wU cv_i jvM‡e| (Ans.) 128
 eM©‡¶‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ AB = 4 ev 32 wgUvi
cÖk-œ 9  ABCD GKwU eM©‡¶Î Ges PQRS GKwU AvqZ‡¶Î|
GLb, eM©‡¶ÎwUi †¶Îdj = (GK evûi ˆ`N©¨)2
eM©‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgvi mgvb| AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi = AB2
ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wZb¸Y Ges †¶Îdj 768 eM©wgUvi| = (32)2 eM©wgUvi
K. msw¶ß weeiYmn Ic‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv‡K R¨vwgwZK =1024 eM©wgUvi
wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki| 2 Avevi eM©vKvi cv_‡ii †¶Îdj = (GK evûi ˆ`N©¨)2
L. AvqZ‡¶ÎwUi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4 = (0.4)2 eM©wgUvi
M. 40 †m.wg. eM©vKvi cv_i w`‡q eM©‡¶ÎwU euvav‡Z = 0.16 eM©wgUvi
†gvU KZwU cv_i jvM‡e? 4 e‡M©i †¶Îdj
myZivs eM©‡¶ÎwU cv_i w`‡q euvav‡Z cv_‡ii cÖ‡qvRb = cv_‡ii †¶Îdj
1024
K. cÖkœg‡Z, ABCD GKwU eM©‡¶Î hvi cÖwZwU evû mgvb| = 0.16 wU
PQRS GKwU AvqZ‡¶Î hvi ˆ`N©¨ = PQ Ges cÖ¯’ = QR| = 6400wU
A B P Q  eM©‡¶ÎwU euvav‡Z †gvU 6400wU cv_i jvM‡e| (Ans.)
œ 10  GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
cÖk- 2000 eM©wgUvi| hw` Gi
eM©‡ÿ Î 768 ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi Kg n‡Zv Zvn‡j GwU GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ n‡Zv|
wgUvi x wgUvi
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jvi mwPÎ weeiY `vI| 2
D C S R L. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ †ei Ki| 4
3x wgUvi M. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi eM©‡ÿÎ nIqvi kZ© eënvi K‡i
†Ìqv Av‡Q, eM©‡¶Î ABCD Gi cwimxgv = AvqZ‡¶Î eM©‡ÿÎwUi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ I cwimxgv †ei Ki| 4
PQRS Gi cwimxgv|  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
AvqZ‡¶‡Îi ˆ`N©¨, PQ = 3  cÖ¯’, QR
K. g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi Zvn‡j Gi cÖ¯’ n‡e
Ges AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = 768 eM©wgUvi (x − 10) wgUvi| AZGe AvqZ‡ÿÎwU n‡e wbgœiƒc :
L. g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cÖ¯’ QR = x wgUvi (x-10) wg.
myZivs AvqZ‡¶‡Îi ˆ`N©¨, PQ = 3x wgUvi
GLb AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’
(x-10) wg.
(x-10) wg.
(x-10) wg.
= PQ  QR
= 3x  x
= 3x2 eM©wgUvi (x-10) wg. 10 wg.
wKšÍz AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = 768 eM©wgUvi x wg.
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ x wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ (x − 10)
cÖkœg‡Z, 3x2 = 768
wgUvi|
ev, x2 = 256 [Dfqc¶‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i]
cÖkœg‡Z, x(x − 10) = 2000
 x = ± 16 ev, x2 − 10x − 2000 = 0
wKšÍz cÖ¯’ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr x ≠ – 16
ev, x2 − 50x + 40x − 2000 = 0
myZivs x = 16
ev, x(x − 50) + 40(x − 50) = 0
A_©vr AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cÖ¯’ = 16 wgUvi ev, (x − 50)(x + 40) = 0
Ges AvqZ‡¶‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = (3  16) wgUvi nq, x − 50 = 0 A_ev, x + 40 = 0
= 48 wgUvi  x = 50  x = −40 [wKš‘ Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq,
Zvn‡j AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv = 2(PQ + QR) KviY ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv]
= 2(48 + 16) wgUvi AZGe, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 50 wgUvi
= (2  64) wgUvi
Ges cÖ¯’ = (x − 10) wgUvi = (50 − 10) wgUvi = 40 wgUvi 1
= 2  AB  AE [GLv‡b AE = D”PZv]
 AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 50 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 40 wgUvi| (Ans.) 1
M. †h‡nZz, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ 10 wgUvi Kg n‡j Zv GKwU =  30  AE = 15AE eM© †m.wg.|
2
eM©‡ÿÎ n‡e| kZ©vbymv‡i, 15AE = 336
 ZLb eM©‡ÿÎwUi cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ 40 wgUvi 336
ev, AE = 15 = 22.4 †m.wg.
 eM©‡ÿÎwUi KY© = 402 + 402 wgUvi GLb ADE mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
= 1600 + 1600 wgUvi 2
AE + DE = AD
2 2
= 3200 wgUvi 2 2
ev, (22.4) + DE = (26)
2
= 56.57 wgUvi (cÖvq) 2 2 2

ev, DE = (26) – (22.4) = 676 – 501.76 = 174.24
Avevi, eM©‡ÿÎwUi cwimxgv = 4a wgUvi  DE = 174.24 = 13.2 †m.wg.|
= (4  40) wgUvi GLb, DF = DC + CF
= 160 wgUvi = DC + DE [†h‡nZz DE = CF]
 eM©‡ÿÎwUi KY© 5.57 wgUvi (cÖvq) Ges cwimxgv 160 = 30 + 13.2 = 43.2 †m.wg.
wgUvi| (Ans.) myZivs ∆BDF mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R BD AwZfzR
œ 11 
cÖk- ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK, †hLv‡b AB = CD = a =
 BD2 = BF2 + DF2
2
= (22.4)2 + (43.2) [ †h‡nZz AE = BF]
30 †m.wg. Ges AD = BC = b = 26 †m.wg.| AC GKwU KY© hvi
= 501.76 + 1866.24
ˆ`N©¨ 28 †m.wg.|| A we›`y †_‡K DC Gi Dci j¤^ AE| = 2368 eM© †m.wg.
myZivs mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©, BD =
48.6621 2368 =
†m.wg.
wb‡Y©q K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 48.66 †m.wg.|
M. ABGD UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû AB = CD = 30 †m.wg.,
CG = 20 †m.wg.|
myZivs DG = (30 + 20) wgUvi = 50 †m.wg.
K. ∆ABC Gi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| 2 ∆ GBC Gi BC = 26 †m.wg., GC = 20
L. ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki Aci KY©wUi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ges BG = 10 †m.wg.
Ki| 4 BC + GC + BG
M. mvgvšÍwi‡K CD evû‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K G ch©šÍ 20 cwimxgvi A‡a©K = 2
wgUvi e„w× K‡i BF †hvM Ki‡j GKwU UªvwcwRqvg 26 + 20 + 10
=
2
ˆZwi nq| BF = 10 †m.wg. n‡j UªvwcwRqvg ABFD 56
Gi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| 4 =
2
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  = 28 †m.wg.
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|

GLv‡b ∆ABC Gi AB = a= 30 †m.wg., BC = b = 26
†m.wg.| Ges KY© AC = c = 28 †m.wg.
a + b + c 30 + 26 + 28
cwimxgvi A‡a©K, s = 2
=
2
†m.wg.
84
= 2 †m.wg. = 42 †m.wg.  ∆GBC Gi †¶Îdj = s(s–a) (s–b) (s – c)
myZivs ∆ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 28(28 – 26) (28 – 20) (28 – 10) eM© †m.wg.
= s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c) = 28  2  8  18 eM© †m.wg.|
= 42(42 – 30)(42 – 26) (42 – 28) eM© †m.wg. = 2  14  2  2  4  2  9 eM© †m.wg.
= 42  12  16  14 eM© †m.wg. = (2)2  14  (2)2  (2)2  (3)2 eM© †m.wg.
= 14  3  12  16  14 = 2  2  2  3 14 eM© †m.wg.
2 2
= (14)  (4)  36 eM© †m.wg. = 24 14 eM© †m.wg.
2
= 14  4 (6) eM© †m.wg. GLv‡b, ∆GBC Gi D”PZv nj BF
1
= 14  4  6 eM© †m.wg.= 336 eM© †m.wg. myZivs ∆GBC Gi †¶Îdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
wb‡Y©q ∆ABC Gi †¶Îdj 336 eM© †m.wg. 1
ev, 24 14 = 2  GC  BF
L. Avevi ∆ABC Gi †¶Îdj = 21  f‚wg  D”PZv 1
ev, 24 14 = 2  20  BF
2  24 14 1
eM©wgUvi
ev, BF = = 2  54  72
20
12 14 = 1944 eM©wgUvi
ev, BF =
5
= 8.98 wb‡Y©q i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj 1944 eM©wgUvi|
myZivs UªvwcwRqv‡gi D”PZv, BF = h = 8.98 †m.wg. M. i¤^‡mi f‚wg = 45 wgUvi, KviY i¤^‡mi cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨
UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû AB = 30 †m.wg. Ges DG = 50 †m.wg. mgvb Ges Zv 45 wgUvi|
1 Avevi, i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj = 1944 eM©wgUvi
Zvn‡j UªvwcwRqv‡gi †¶Îdj = 2 (AB + DG) h eM©GKK
myZivs, i¤^‡mi D”PZv = (1944 ÷ 45) wgUvi = 43.2 wgUvi
1 kZ©g‡Z, i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj = eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj
=  (30 + 50) 8.98 eM© †m.wg.
2
1
= 1944 eM©wgUvi
=  80  8.98 eM© †m.wg. GLb eM©‡¶‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ a' wgUvi n‡j
2
= 40  8.98 eM© †m.wg. †¶Îdj = a2 eM©wgUvi
eM© †m.wg.
= 359.20
Zvn‡j a2 =1944
A D
Avevi, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R
wb‡Y©q UªvwcwRqv‡gi †¶Îdj 359.20 eM© †m.wg. AwZfzR AC n‡j,
œ 12  wP‡Î A B C D GKwU i¤^m, hvi cwimxgv 180 wgUvi|
cÖk- AC2 = AB2 + BC2 a
Gi BD KY©wU 54 wgUvi `xN©| ev, AC2 = a2 + a2
D C ev, AC2 = 1944 + 1944 B a C
ev, AC2 = 3888
O ev, AC = 3888
A B  AC = 62.353
K. i¤^‡mi evû eM©‡¶‡Îi evûi mgvb n‡j eM©‡¶‡Îi wb‡Y©q i¤^‡mi mgvb †¶Îdj wewkó eM©‡¶‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨
†¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| 2 62.35 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
L. ABCD i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 13  GKwU i¤^‡mi KY©Øq h_vµ‡g 40 †m.wg. Ges 60
cÖk-
M. i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îd‡ji mgvb n‡j,
†m.wg.|
eM©‡¶‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
K. i¤^mwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
 12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. i¤^mwUi cwimxgv I D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 4
K. wP‡Î, ABCD GKwU i¤^m Ges Gi AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K M. i¤^mwUi mgvb †ÿÎdj wewkó GKwU Avq‡Zi
O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| i¤^‡mi cwimxgv 180 wgUvi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ‡¯’i wZb ¸Y n‡j Avq‡Zi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 4
180
myZivs i¤^‡mi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi = 45 wgUvi  13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
B
†h‡nZz i¤^‡mi GK evû eM©‡¶‡Îi GK evûi mgvb K g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU i¤^m C
myZivs eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj = (45  45) eM©wgUvi Ges Gi `ywU KY© AC I BD O
= 2025 eM©wgUvi ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
wb‡Y©q eM©‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj 2025 eM©wgUvi| †Ìqv Av‡Q, AC = 40 †m.wg.
L. †Ìqv Av‡Q, i¤^‡mi BD KY©wU = 54 wgUvi Ges BD = 60 †m.wg.| D A
†h‡nZz i¤^‡mi KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÊZ K‡i, 1
1  i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj = 2  AC  BD
myZivs BO = 2  54 wgUvi = 27 wgUvi
1
GLb COD mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡R, =  40  60 eM© †m.wg.
2
CD = 45 wgUvi Ges OD = 27 wgUvi = 1200 eM© †m.wg.| (Ans.)
myZivs OD2 + CO2 = CD2 [wc_v‡Mviv‡mi m~Î Abymv‡i] L. GLb ABCD i¤^‡m,
ev, (27)2 + CO2 = (45)2 1 1
OA = OC = AC =  40 = 20 †m.wg.
ev, CO2 = (45)2 – (27)2 2 2
ev, CO2 = 2025 – 729 = 1296 1 1
Ges OB = OD = 2 BD = 2  60 = 30 †m.wg.|
ev, CO =  1296 = ± 36 wgUvi
†h‡nZz ˆ`N©¨ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv,  mg‡KvYx OAB †_‡K cvB, AB2 = OA2 + OB2
myZivs CO = 36 wgUvi ev, AB2 = (20)2 + (30)2 ev, AB2 = 400 + 900
AZGe, AC KY© = 2CO = 2  36 wgUvi = 72 wgUvi ev, AB2 = 1300  AB = 36.06 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
GLv‡b, BD ev, d1 = 54 wgUvi Ges AC ev d2 = 72 wgUvi  i¤^‡mi evû, AB = 36.06 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
1  i¤^‡mi cwimxgv = 4  AB †m.wg. = (4  36.06) †m.wg.
AZGe, i¤^‡mi †¶Îdj = 2  d1  d2
= 144.24 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
Avevi, i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj = f‚wg  D”PZv ev, a  b = 1200 [ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB]
[ i¤^m GK ai‡bi mvgvšÍwiK] ev, 3b  b = 1200; [a = 3b]
ev, D”PZv = †ÿÎdj  f‚wg ev, 3b2 = 1200 ev, b2 = 400  b = 20
 cÖ¯’ b = 20 †m.wg. Ges
 i¤^‡mi D”PZv = 1200  36.06 = 33.28 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
AZGe, cwimxgv 144.24 †m.wg. (cÖvq) Ges D”PZv 33.28 ˆ`N©¨ a = 3b = (3  20) †m.wg. = 60 †m.wg.
†m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.) Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2(a + b) = 2(20 + 60) †m.wg.
M. g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ a Ges cÖ¯’ b = 2  80 †m.wg.
†Ìqv Av‡Q, a = 3b = 160 †m.wg. (Ans.)
cÖkœg‡Z, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj

œ 14  GKwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i †ò¸Y Ges
cÖk- A
a
D
†¶Îdj 2400 eM©wgUvi| (Rwgi cÖ¯’ x wgUvi)|

a
K. msw¶ß weeiYxmn Rwgi AvbycvwZK wPÎ A¼b a 40 wgUvi
Ki| 2
L. Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4 B
a
C
M. Rwgi †fZ‡i mgvb cvowewkó GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q| 60 wgUvi
cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj 800 eM©wgUvi n‡j cv‡oi PIov cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ = (60 – 2a) wgUvi
wbY©q Ki| 4 cyKz‡ii cÖ¯’ = (40 – 2a) wgUvi
 14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   cyKz‡ii †¶Îdj = (60 – 2a) (40 – 2a) eM©wgUvi
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, cÖkœg‡Z, (60 – 2a) (40 – 2a) = 800
AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i †ò¸Y| ev, 2400 – 120a – 80a + 4a2 = 800
Rwgi cÖ¯’ = AB = CD = x wgUvi ev, 4a2 – 200a + 2400 – 800 = 0
1
 Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ = AD = BC = 12x wgUvi = 2 x wgUvi
3 ev, 4a2 – 200a + 1600 = 0
ev, 4(a2 – 50a + 400) = 0
 Rwgi AvbycvwZK wPÎwU wbgœiƒc: ev, a2 – 50a + 400 = 0
A D
ev, a2 – 10a – 40a + 400 = 0
ev, a (a – 10) – 40(a – 10) = 0
x wgUvi ev, (a – 10) (a – 40) = 0
nq, a – 10 = 0 A_ev, a – 40 = 0
B
3
C  a = 10  a = 40
2
x wgUvi †h‡nZz Rwgi cÖ¯’ 40 wgUvi, ZvB cyKz‡ii cvo 40 wgUvi
L. cÖkœg‡Z, Rwgi †¶Îdj = 2400 eM©wgUvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs cyKz‡ii cvo 10 wgUvi PIov| (Ans.)
3
 x  2 x = 2400 œ 15  GKwU eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi
cÖk-
3x2 mgvb| AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ‡¯’i wØ¸Y Ges †ÿÎdj 288
ev, 2 = 2400 eM©wgUvi|
ev, 3x2 = 2400  2 K. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 2
2400  2 L. cÖwZwU 40 †m.wg. eM©vKvi cv_i w`‡q eM©‡ÿÎwU
ev, x2 = 3
ev,x2 = 800  2
euvav‡Z †gvU KqwU cv_i jvM‡e? 4
M. hw` AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 800 eM©wgUvi nq Z‡e
ev, x2 = 1600  x = 40
eM©‡ÿÎwU euvav‡Z KZwU cv_i jvM‡e? 4
myZivs Rwgi cÖ¯’ = 40 wgUvi
(3 )
Ges ˆ`N©¨ = 2  40 wgUvi = (3  20) wgUvi = 60 wgUvi
K. g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ x wgUvi
wb‡Y©q Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 60 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 40 wgUvi|  AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 2x wgUvi
M. cÖkœg‡Z, Rwgi †fZ‡i mgvb cvowewkó GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q|
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (2x  x) eM©wgUvi = 2x2 eM©wgUvi
g‡b Kwi, cyKzi cv‡oi PIov = a wgUvi cÖkœg‡Z, 2x2 = 288
288 K. GLv‡b, UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 91
ev, x2 = 2
†m.wg. I 51 †m.wg.|
ev, x2 = 144  x = 12 Ges Aci evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©©¨ h_vµ‡g 37 †m.wg. I 13 †m.wg.|
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ 12 wgUvi  UªvwcwRqv‡gi cwimxgv = (91+51+37+13) †m.wg.
Ges AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = (2  12) wgUvi = 24 wgUvi (Ans.) = 192 †m.wg.
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 24 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 12 wgUvi  UªvwcwRqv‡gi cwimxgv 192 †m.wg.| (Ans.)
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2 (24 + 12) wgUvi L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, UªvwcwRqv‡gi cwimxgv 192 †m.wg.
= 2  36 = 72 wgUvi †h‡nZz UªvwcwRqv‡gi cwimxgv GKwU e‡M©i cwimxgvi mgvb
†h‡nZz eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi mgvb| †m‡nZz e‡M©i cwimxgv 192 †m.wg.
†m‡nZz eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 72 wgUvi| 192
 e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg. = 48 †m.wg.
72
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi = 18 wgUvi
 e‡M©i †ÿÎdj = (48)2 = 2304 eM© †m.wg.
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (18)2 eM©wgUvi = 324 eM©wgUvi  e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ 48 †m.wg. Ges †ÿÎdj 2304 eM©
GLv‡b, eM©vKvi cv_‡ii ˆ`N©¨ 40 †m.wg. †m.wg.| (Ans.)
40
= 100 wgUvi [ 100 †m.wg. = 1 wgUvi] M. g‡b Kwi, ABCD UªvwcwRqv‡gi AB = 91 †m.wg., CD = 51
= 0.4 wgUvi †m.wg., BC = 37 †m.wg. Ges AD = 13 †m.wg.| D I C
 eM©vKvi cv_‡ii †ÿÎdj = (0.4) eM©wgUvi
2 †_‡K AB Gi Dci h_vµ‡g DE I CF j¤^ Uvwb|
D 51 C
= 0.16 eM©wgUvi
324
 eM©‡ÿÎwU euvav‡Z cv_i jvM‡e = 0.16 wU = 2025wU
 eM©‡ÿÎwU euvav‡Z †gvU 2025 wU cv_i jvM‡e| (Ans.)
13 37
M. g‡b Kwi, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ x1 wgUvi
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 2x1 wgUvi
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (2x1  x1) eM©wgUvi = 2x12 eM©wgUvi
kZ©g‡Z, 2x12 = 800 A
E 91 F B
800
ev, x1 = 2
2
 CDEF GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ|
ev, x12 = 400  EF = CD = 51 †m.wg.|
ev, x1 = 400  x1 = 20 awi, AE = x Ges DE = CF = h
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ 20 wgUvi  BF = AB − AF = 91 − (AE + EF) = 91 − (x + 51) = 40 − x
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = (2  20) wgUvi = 40 wgUvi ADE mg‡KvYx †_‡K cvB, AE2 + DE2 = AD2
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 2  (40 + 20) wgUvi ev, x2 + h2 = (13)2
= 2  60 = 120 wgUvi ev, x2 + h2 = 169 ............(i)
†h‡nZz eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi mgvb| Avevi, mg‡KvYx Gi †ÿ‡Î BCF †_‡K cvB,
†m‡nZz eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv 120 wgUvi BF2 + CF2 = BC2
120 ev, (40 − x)2 + h2 = (37)2
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 4 wgUvi = 30 wgUvi
ev, 1600 − 80x + x2 + h2 = 1369
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (30)2 eM©wgUvi = 900 eM©wgUvi
ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, eM©vKvi cv_‡ii †ÿÎdj 0.16 eM©wgUvi ev, 1600 − 80x + 169 = 1369 [(i) bs Gi mvnv‡h¨]
900 ev, 1600 + 169 − 1396 = 80x;
eM©‡ÿÎwU euvav‡Z cv_i jvM‡e = 0.16wU = 5625wU (Ans.) ev, 80x = 400  x = 5
œ 16  GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g
cÖk- mgxKiY (i) G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
91 †m.wg. I 51 †m.wg. Ges Aci evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 37 52 + h2 = 169
†m.wg. I 13 †m.wg.| ev, h2 = 169 − 25 = 144  h = 12
1
K. UªvwcwRqvgwUi cwimxgv wbY©q Ki| 2 UªvwcwRqvg ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj = 2(AB + CD) h
L. hw` UªvwcwRqv‡gi cwimxgv GKwU e‡M©i cwimxgvi 1
mgvb nq Z‡e D³ e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ I †ÿÎdj = (91 + 51)  12
2
wbY©q Ki| 4 = 852 eM© †m.wg.
M. DÏxcK eënvi K‡i UªvwcwRqvgwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj 852 eM© †m.wg.|
Ki| 4

œ 17  100 wgUvi `xN© 60 wgUvi cÖ¯’wewkó GKwU evMv‡bi gvS
cÖk- œ 21  GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ cÖ¯’ A‡cÿv 8 wgUvi
cÖk-
w`‡q ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ eivei 2 wgUvi PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| †ewk, evMvbwUi †ÿÎdj 2193 eM©wgUvi, AvqZvKvi evMvbwUi
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K iv¯Ívmn evMv‡bi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2 cwimxgv GKwU eM©vKvi K‡ÿi cwimxgvi mgvb|
L. iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4 K. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
M. cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e evMv‡b dz‡ji Pviv jvMv‡Z L. KÿwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
†gvU KZ UvKv LiP n‡e? 4 M. cÖwZwU 47 †m.wg. eM©Kvi UvBjm w`‡q KÿwU euvavB Kiv n‡j Ges
DËi : K. 6000 eM©wgUvi; L. 316 eM©wgUvi; M. 1136800 UvKv| cÖwZwU UvBjm Gi g~j¨ 125.50 UvKv n‡j †gvU LiP KZ n‡e? 4
œ 18  GKwU cv‡K©i ˆ`N©¨ 80 wgUvi| cv‡K©i †fZi mgvb
cÖk- DËi : K. x(x + 8) = 2193; L. 2209 eM©wgUvi; M. 1255000 UvKv|
cvowewkó myBwgs cyj Av‡Q| myBwgs cy‡ji †ÿÎdj cv‡K©i œ 22  AvqZvKvi GKwU dz‡ji evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 200 wgUvi Ges
cÖk-
1
cÖ¯’ 150 wgUvi| evMvbwU cwiPh©v Kivi Rb¨ wVK gvS w`‡q 5 wgUvi
†ÿÎd‡ji 2 Ask| Bnvi cvo cÖwZwU 12.75 UvKv g~‡jï 20 †m.wg. PIov ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ eivei iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
eM©vKvi UvBji w`‡q euvav‡bv Av‡Q| K. Dc‡ii Z_¨wU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ mswÿß eY©bv `vI| 2
K. cv‡K©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2 L. iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
L. myBwgs cy‡ji cv‡oi we¯Ívi wbY©q Ki| 4 M. iv¯ÍvwU cvKv Ki‡Z 0.25 wg. ˆ`N©¨ Ges 12 †m.wg. cÖ¯’wewkó
M. myBwgs cy‡ji cv‡oi wbg©vY LiP wbY©q Ki| 4 KqwU B‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? 4
DËi : K. 100 wgUvi; L. 10 wgUvi; M. 765000 wgUvi| DËi : L. 1725 eM©wgUvi; M. 57500wU|
cÖk-œ 19  GKwU i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj 480 eM©wgUvi| Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ 26 œ 23  GKwU AvqZvKvi evMv‡bi ˆ`N©¨ 50 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 40
cÖk-
wgUvi| wgUvi| evMv‡bi wfZ‡i mgvb cvowewkó GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q|
3
K. i¤^mwUi D”PZv wbY©q Ki| 2 cyKz‡ii †ÿÎdj evMv‡bi †ÿÎd‡ji 5 Ask|
L. i¤^mwUi eY©Ø‡qi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 K. m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ evMv‡bi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 2
M. i¤^mwUi mgvb †ÿÎdj wewkó AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’, ˆ`‡N©ï `yB L. cyKz‡ii ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| 4
Z…Zxqvsk n‡j AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv I K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| M. evMvbwUi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU i¤^‡mi
4 e„nËg KY© 72 wgUvi n‡j Aci K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. 18.46 wgUvi (cÖvq); L. 48 wgUvi, 20 wgUvi; DËi : K. 10 41 wgUvi; L. 40 wg.; 30 wg.; M. 54 wg.|
M. 32.25 wgUvi| œ 24  GKwU Rwgi ˆ`N©¨ 80m Ges cÖ¯’ 60m| H Rwgi
cÖk-
cÖk-œ 20  GKwU N‡ii †g‡S cv_i w`‡q †gvov‡Z 80000 UvKv LiP Pviw`‡K †eov w`‡Z LiP nq cÖwZ wgUv‡i 10 UvKv|
nq| hw` NiwUi ˆ`N©¨ 1 wgUvi Kg nq Z‡e LiP nq 70000 UvKv| K. Rwgi Pviw`‡K †eov w`‡Z †gvU KZ LiP n‡e? 2
K. N‡ii ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 2 L. Rwgi evB‡i Pviw`‡K 4m PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯Ívi
3 †ÿÎdj KZ? 4
L. N‡ii cÖ¯’ ˆ`‡N©ï 4 Ask n‡j Gi gv‡S 40 †m.wg. ˆ`‡N©ï
M. †Kvb AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv RwgwUi cwimxgvi mgvb|
eM©vKvi cv_i w`‡q euvav‡Z †gvU KZwU cv_i jvM‡e? 4 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 4500m2 n‡j, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’
M. NiwUi †`qv‡ji D”PZv 5 wgUvi n‡j 50 †m.wg. ˆ`‡N©ï eM©vKvi wbY©q Ki| 4
cv_i w`‡q Gi †g‡S Ges PviwU †`qvj euvav‡Z †gvU KZwU DËi : K. 2800 UvKv; L. 1184m2 wg.; M. 90m I 50m
cv_i jvM‡e? 4
DËi : K. 8 wgUvi; L. 300wU; M. 752wU|
A b yk xj b x 1 6 . 3
 e„Ë msµvšÍ cwigvc :  e„Ëvs‡ki ˆ`N©¨
e„‡Ëi cwiwa g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r B
†Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r n‡j, Gi cwiwa c = c Ges AB = S e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª  †KvY Drcbœ  S
O r A
2r †hLv‡b  (aªæeK) = 3.1416........... K‡i|

r  e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r
.................................................................................... lô`k Aa¨vq  cwiwgwZ ......................................................................................670
e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª †gvU Drcbœ †KvY = 360 Ges Pvc S Øviv †K‡›`ª Drcbœ GKB e„‡Ëi `yBwU e„Ëvsk †ÿÎ Ges Giv †h Pvc `yBwUi Dci
†Kv‡Yi wWMÖx cwigvY  `Êvqgvb G‡ì cwigvc mgvbycvwZK|
Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pvc Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r C
B
e„ËPv‡ci mgvbycvwZK| AOB e„ËKjv †ÿÎwU APB Pv‡ci Dci T P
`Êvqgvb, hvi wWMÖx cwigvc | OA Gi 
 S  r A
 =
360 2r
ev, S = 180 Dci OC j¤^ Uvwb|
O
 e„Ë‡ÿÎ I e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj:

e„ËKjv AOB Gi †ÿÎdj AOB Gi cwigvc
†Kv‡bv e„Ë Øviv †ewóZ GjvKv‡K e„Ë‡ÿÎ  e„ËKjv AOC Gi †ÿÎdj =
AOC Gi cwigvc
ejv nq Ges e„ËwU‡K Giƒc e„Ë‡ÿ‡Îi
e„ËKjv AOB Gi †ÿÎdj 
mxgv‡iLv ejv nq| ev, e„ËKjv AOC Gi †ÿÎdj =  ; [AOC = 90]
90
e„ËKjv : GKwU Pvc I Pv‡ci cÖvšÍwe›`y mswkøó e¨vmva© Øviv 
ev, e„ËKjv AOB Gi †ÿÎdj =   e„ËKjv AOC Gi †ÿÎdj
†ewóZ †ÿÎ‡K e„ËKjv ejv nq| 90
O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi cwiwai Ici A I B  1
=   e„Ë‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
`yBwU we›`y n‡j AOB Gi Af¨šÍ‡i OA O 90 4
I OB e¨vmva© Ges AB Pv‡ci ms‡hv‡M  1 
=   r2 =  r2
MwVZ GKwU e„ËKjv| 90  4 360
A B

Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pvc Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H myZivs, e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj = 360  r2
e„ËPv‡ci mgvbycvwZK|

cÖkœ \ 1 \ GKwU e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| e„‡Ëi e¨vm mgvavb : Avgiv Rvwb, e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj =  r2 eM© GKK
126 †m. wg. n‡j, Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 360
†hLv‡b e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = r Ges Pv‡ci wWwMÖ cwigvc = 
mgvavb : e„‡Ëi Pv‡ci wWwMÖ cwigvc, x = 30 
e¨vm 126 cÖkœg‡Z, 77 = 360  3.1416  (21)2
e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 2 = 2 †m. wg. = 63 †m. wg. 360  77
ev,  = 3.1416  21  21 = 20.008
g‡b Kwi, e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ = S †m. wg. s

rx
Avgiv Rvwb, S = 180 wb‡Y©q †KvY 20.008 r
3.1416  63  30 cÖkœ \ 4 \ GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 14 †m. wg. Ges e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª 75
= †m. wg. [  = 3.1416]
180 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| e„Ëvs‡ki †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki|
= 32.987 †m. wg. (cÖvq) mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 14 †m. wg.
wb‡Y©q e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 32.987 †m. wg. (cÖvq)| e„Ëvs‡ki †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †Kv‡Yi cwigvc,  = 75
1 
cÖkœ \ 2 \ cÖwZ wgwb‡U 66 wgUvi †e‡M 12 wgwb‡U GKwU †Nvov Avgiv Rvwb, e„Ëvs‡ki †¶Îdj = 360 r2 eM© GKK
†Kv‡bv gvV Ny‡i G‡jv| H gv‡Vi e¨vm wbY©q Ki| 75
=  3.1416  (14)2 eM© †m.wg.
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, †eM = 66 wgUvi/wgwbU 360
5  3.1416  14  14
Ges mgq = 12 wgwbU = 2 wgwbU
1 3 =
24
eM© †m.wg.
5  3.1416  49
†NvovwU 1 wgwb‡U hvq 66 wgUvi =
6
eM© †m.wg.
3 3
 2 wgwb‡U hvq = 66  2 wgUvi = 99 wgUvi = 5  0.5236  49 eM© †m.wg.
= 128.282 eM© †m. wg. (cÖvq)
e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r wgUvi n‡j, e¨vm = 2r wgUvi Ges cwiwa = 2r
wgUvi wb‡Y©q e„Ëvs‡ki †¶Îdj 128.282 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)|
kZ©vbymv‡i, 2r = 99 cÖkœ \ 5 \ GKwU e„ËvKvi gvV‡K wN‡i GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯ÍvwUi
99 99 wfZ‡ii cwiwa A‡c¶v evB‡ii cwiwa 44 wgUvi eo| iv¯ÍvwUi
ev, 2r =  = 3.1416 = 31.512605 = 31.513 wgUvi (cÖvq) PIov wbY©q Ki|
wb‡Y©q gv‡Vi e¨vm 31.513 wgUvi (cÖvq)|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ GKwU e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj 77 eM©wgUvi Ges e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©
21 wgUvi| e„ËPvcwU †K‡›`ª †h †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Zv wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, evB‡ii e„‡Ëi GLb, 88 wg. = 88  100 †m.wg.
e¨vmva©, OB = R wg. Ges †fZ‡ii 88100
e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, OA = r wg. O R myZivs 88 wgUvi c_ †h‡Z Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKv Nyi‡e 87.9648 evi
r A B
Zvn‡j, iv¯ÍvwUi we¯Ívi = (R – r) wg. = 100.04 evi
R e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2R wg. = 100 evi (cÖvq)
Ges r e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r wg. 88  100
Ges Mvwoi wcQ‡bi PvKv Nyi‡e 109.956 evi = 80.032 evi
cÖkœg‡Z, 2R − 2r = 44
ev, 2 (R − r) = 44 = 80 evi (cÖvq)
44 44 22 AZGe, mvg‡bi PvKv wcQ‡bi PvKv A‡cÿv (100 − 80)
ev, R – r = 2 = 2  3.1416 = 3.1416
ev, 20 evi †ewk Nyi‡e| (Ans.)
= 7.0028011
= 7.002 (cÖvq) cÖkœ \ 8 \ GKwU e„‡Ëi cwiwa 220 wgUvi| H e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ
wb‡Y©q iv¯ÍvwU 7.002 wgUvi PIov (cÖvq)| eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ GKwU e„ËvKvi cv‡K©i e¨vm 26 wgUvi| cvK©wU‡K †eób K‡i mgvavb :
evB‡i 2 wgUvi cÖk¯Í GKwU c_ Av‡Q| c_wUi †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = r wgUvi D C
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r GKK|
GKwU e„ËvKvi cv‡K©i e¨vm AB Ges cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2r = 220
r 2
cvK©wU‡K †eób K‡i BF cÖk¯Í GKwU O
1
ev, 2  3.1416  r = 220

A F
c_ we`¨gvb| R =26wg. r B
ev, 6.2832r = 220 A B
2
†Ìqv Av‡Q, e„ËvKvi cv‡K©i e¨vm,

AB = 26 wgUvi ev, r = 35.014
Ges c_wUi cÖk¯ÍZv, BF = 2 wgUvi  e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 35.014 wgUvi
AB 26
e„ËvKvi cv‡K©i e¨vmva©, r1 = 2 = 2 wg. = 13 wg. e„‡Ëi e¨vm AC = 2  35.014 wg. = 70.028 wgUvi (cÖvq)
GLb, ABC mg‡KvYx mgwØevû wÎfyR †_‡K Avgiv cvB,
Ges cvK©mn c_ Øviv MwVZ e„ËvKvi †¶‡Îi e¨vmva©,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
r2 = OB + 2 = (13 + 2) wgUvi = 15 wgUvi
ev, 2AB2 = AC2, [ BC = AB]
GLb, Rvbv Av‡Q, †h‡Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi †¶Îdj r2 eM© GKK
ev, 2 AB = AC
†hLv‡b r = D³ e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© Ges  = 3.1416
1
 e„ËvKvi cv‡K©i †¶Îdj , A1 = r12 eM© wg. ev, AB =  70.028 = 49.5173 wgUvi
2
= 3.1416  (13)2 eM© wg.  e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 49.517 wgUvi (cÖvq)| (Ans.)
= 530.93 eM© wg.
cÖkœ \ 9 \ GKwU e„‡Ëi cwiwa GKwU mgevû wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgvi
Ges cvK©mn c_ Øviv MwVZ e„‡Ëi †¶Îdj,
mgvb| G‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
A2 = r22 eM© wg.
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = r
= 3.1416  (15)2 eM© wg.
AZGe, e„Ë‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = r2 Ges e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r
= 706.86 eM© wg. cÖkœvbymv‡i, mgevû wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv = 2r
AZGe, c_wUi †¶Îdj = (A2 – A1) eM©wg. 2r
 GK evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 3
= (706.86 – 530.93) eM©wg.
= 175.93 eM©.wg. (cÖvq) 3
GLb, wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = 4 a2 eM© GKK
wb‡Y©q c‡_i †¶Îdj 175.93 eM©wg. (cÖvq)| 2
3 2r eM© GKK = 3 . 42r2
eM© GKK
cÖkœ \ 7 \ GKwU Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKvi e¨vm 28 †m.wg. Ges wcQ‡bi
=
4 3 4 9
PvKvi e¨vm 35 †m.wg.| 88 wgUvi c_ †h‡Z mvg‡bi PvKv wcQ‡bi r
2 2
= eM© GKK
PvKv A‡cÿv KZ c~Y©msL¨K evi †ewk Nyi‡e? 3 3
2r2
mgvavb : AZGe, e„Ë‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj t mgevû wÎfyR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = r2 :
28 3 3
Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKvi e¨vmva© = 2 †m.wg. = 14 †m.wg. = 3 3 :  (Ans.)
35
Mvwoi wcQ‡bi PvKvi e¨vmva© = 2 †m.wg. cÖkœ \ 10 \ wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Z_¨ Abyhvqx Mvp wPwýZ †ÿÎ¸‡jvi
†ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki :
AZGe, Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKvi cwiwa = 2  3.1416 14 †m.wg.
= 87.9648 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
35
Ges Mvwoi wcQ‡bi PvKvi cwiwa = 2  3.1416  2 †m.wg.
= 109.956 †m.wg.
2
†m.wg. 1
(4) eM© †m.wg. [ r = 42 ]
9
Ges DEC Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = 2  2
†m.wg.
†m.wg.
†m.wg.
10 †m.wg. 1
=  3.1416  4 eM© †m.wg.
10
12
4 †m.wg. 2
8
12 †m.wg. = 6.283 eM© †m.wg.

mgvavb :  Mvp wPwýZ As‡ki †ÿÎdj
1g wP‡Î : = ABCD Gi †ÿÎdj + DEC Gi †ÿÎdj
D = (16 + 6.283) eM© †m.wg.
9 †m.wg. = 22.283 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
A B
3q wP‡Î :
D C
8 †m.wg.
10 †m.wg.
10 †m.wg. E
C
A B
ABC Gi cwimxgv, 2s = 10 + 9 + 8
12 †m.wg.
ev, 2s = 27 ABCD AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (12  10) eM© †m.wg.
 s = 13.5 = 120 eM© †m.wg.
 ABC Gi †ÿÎdj = s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c) eM© †m.wg. 1 12
2
= 13.5 (13.5−10)(13.5−9)(13.5−8) eM© †m.wg.

AEB Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = 
2 2 () eM© †m.wg. r = 2
12
[ ]
1
= (13.5  3.5  4.5  5.5) eM© †m.wg. =  3.1416  36 eM© †m.wg. = 56.549 eM© †m.wg.
2
= 1169.4375 eM© †m.wg.  Mvp wPwýZ As‡k †ÿÎdj = (120 − 56.549) eM© †m.wg.
= 34.197 eM© †m.wg. = 63.451 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
1 2 4_© wP‡Î :
ADB Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = 2  2 (9) eM© †m.wg. [ r = 92 ] D C
†m.wg.
1
= 2  3.1416  20.25 eM© †m.wg.
12
= 31.809 eM© †m.wg.
A B
 ACBD †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ABC Gi †ÿÎdj + ADB Aa©e„‡Ëi
12 †m.wg. evûwewkó eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (12)2 eM© †m.wg.
†ÿÎdj = (34.197 + 31.809) eM© †m.wg.
= 144 eM© †m.wg.
= 66.006 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
†h‡nZz e„ËwU e‡M©i g‡a¨ wVKfv‡e Gu‡U hvq,
2q wP‡Î : 12
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg.
2
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = (6)2 eM© †m.wg. = 3.1416  36 eM© †m.wg.
4 †m.wg. = 113.097 eM© †m.wg
 Mvp wPwýZ As‡ki †ÿÎdj = (144 − 113.097) eM© †m.wg.
ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj =(4)2 eM© †m.wg.= 16 eM© †m.wg. = 30.903 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)

1. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r n‡j, cwiwa KZ? e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj 9π eM© †m.wg. ii.
K πr  2πr M πr2 e„Ë I eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎd‡ji AbycvZ π : 2
N 2πr2 iii.
2. GKwU PvKv 720 wgUvi c_ †h‡Z 18 evi Ny‡i, PvKvwUi cwiwa wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
KZ? K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
 40 wg. L 738 wg. M 702 wg. N 12980 wg. wb‡Pi Z_¨ Abymv‡i 5 Ñ 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
3. GKwU i¤^‡mi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 10 †m.wg. I 12 †m.wg., E
Gi †ÿÎdj KZ?
K 11 eM© †m.wg. L 22 eM© †m.wg. 2 GKK
D C
 60 eM© †m.wg. N 120 eM© †m.wg.
10 GKK
4. GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ 3 †m.wg. e¨vmva©wewkó GKwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ B B
n‡j− 12 GKK
i. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû I K‡Y©i ˆ`‡N©ï AbycvZ 1 : 2 5. AC = KZ GKK?
K 13.52 (cÖvq) L 14.12 (cÖvq) K4 2 L4 3 8 2 N8 3
M 15.01 (cÖvq)  15.62 (cÖvq) 9. AOD Gi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.?
6. CDE wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? K8  16 M 32 N 64
 12 L 20 M 24 N 120
7. AKB Aa©e„‡Ëi cwiwa KZ GKK?
5 cm
K 18 L 18.85 (cÖvq) M 37.7 (cÖvq) N 96
D 8 †mwg C
O 10. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ?
K 785.4cm2  78.54cm2 M 53.14cm2 N 31.4cm2
11. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ n‡j, e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
A B K 1.41 cm L 2.41 cm M 7.971 cm  7.071 cm
[e. †ev. b. cÖ. '15]
8. e„ËwUi e¨vm KZ †m.wg.?

20.
164 : e„Ë msµvšÍ cwigvc
12. e„‡Ëi ˆ`N©¨‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
 cwiwa L Pvc M e„ËPvc N AwaPvc Ic‡ii wPÎvbyhvqx wb‡Pi †KvbwU e„ËKjv AOB Gi †¶Îdj? (mnR)
13. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r n‡j Zvi cwiwa KZ? (mnR)  
  r2 eM© GKK L  r eM© GKK
K C = 4r L C = 4r2 M C = 2r2  C = 2r 360 180
14.  Gi Avmj gvb wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)  
M  r eM© GKK N  r eM© GKK
 3.1416 L 3.2426 M 3.1426 N 3.1436 360 90
15. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 24 †m.wg. n‡j Gi cwiwa KZ? (ga¨g) 21. GKwU e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva© 5 wg. n‡j gvVwUi cwiwa KZ wg.? (ga¨g)
K 65.40 †m. wg. L 70.38 †m. wg. K 314.6 L 310.6  31.416 N 3.1416
 75.40 †m. wg. N 75.93 †m. wg.
22. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 12 †m.wg. Ges e„Ë Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 14
e¨vL¨v : †Ìqv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi e¨vm = 2r = 24 †m.wg. †m.wg.| e„ËPvcwU †K‡›`ª KZ wWwMÖ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i? (ga¨g)
24 K 30 L 45 M 60  66.85
 e¨vmva© r = 2 †m.wg. = 12 †m.wg.
180  s 180  14
 cwiwa = 2r = 2  3.1416  12 †m.wg. = 75.40 †m.wg. e¨vL¨v :  = = = 66.85
r   12
16. 23. GKwU e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| e„‡Ëi e¨vm 126
†m.wg. n‡j Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg. (cÖvq)? (KwVb)
 33 L 63 M 126 N 252
126
e¨vL¨v : r = 2 = 63 †m.wg.
 
Ic‡ii wPÎvbyhvqx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)  S = 180  r = 180  63  30 = 32.987  33 †m.wg.
1 1
K C = 22r  C = 2r M C = 2 r2 N
2
r 24. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 14 †m.wg. Ges GKwU Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 32
17. †h e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r GKK, Zv Øviv mxgve× e„Ë‡¶‡Îi †¶Îdj †m.wg. n‡j, e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (KwVb)
KZ? (mnR)  224 L 333 M 444 N 555
1
K r eM© GKK L 2r eM© GKK e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b, †ÿÎdj = 2  Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨  e¨vmva© eM© GKK
M 22r2 eM© GKK  r2 eM© GKK 1
= 2  32  14 eM© †m.wg. = 224 eM© †m.wg.
18. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 50 †m.wg. n‡j Gi †ÿÎdj KZ? (KwVb)
K 50 L 100 M 125  625 25. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm I cwiwai cv_©K¨ 40 †m.wg. n‡j Zvi e¨vm
e¨vL¨v : †ÿÎdj = r2 = (25)2 = 625 KZ †m.wg. (cÖvq)? (ga¨g)
19. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pvc Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H e„ËPv‡ci- (mnR) K 16  18.677 M 20 N 22.68
e¨vL¨v : 2r( − 1) = 40 ev, 2r = 18.677
K mgvb  mgvbycvwZK M e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK N
26. GKwU e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vm 26 wgUvi| gv‡Vi evB‡i Pviw`‡K
eM©g~j 2 wgUvi PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯Ívmn gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj
KZ eM©wgUvi? (KwVb)
 225 L 169  M 121  N 81 
27. GKwU PvKv `kevi AveZ©‡b 600 †m.wg. c_ AwZµg K‡i †m. wg. n‡j c = 25.13 †m. wg. (cÖvq)
iii. r = 4
PvKvwUi e¨vmva© KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
K 20 L 25  30 N 60 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
28. 35. r wgUvi e¨vmva©wewkó e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi Pviw`‡K m wgUvi PIov
O
A iv¯Ív _vK‡j−
i. iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vm 2(r + m) wgUvi
3
5 ii. iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj (r + m)2 eM©wgUvi
B C iii. iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj {(r + m)2 − r2} eM©wgUvi
4
wP‡Îi `vM Uvbv As‡ki †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)? (KwVb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)
K 30.635  25.635 M 25.25 N 20.25 K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : †gvU †ÿÎdj = ABC + Aa©e„Ë AOC 36. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : (ga¨g)
1
=  3  4 + 3.1416  (2.5)2 eM© †m.wg. = 25.635 eM© †m.wg.| i.  Gi Avmbœ gvb = 3.1416
2
ii. e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †gvU Drcbœ †KvY = 360
29. 25 †m.wg. e¨vmva© wewkó GKwU PvKv 4 evi Nyi‡j AwZµvšÍ iii. †h e„‡Ëi e¨vm 4 †m.wg. Zvi cwiwa 12.1416
`~iZ¡ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 628.32 L 314.16 M 100.08 N 50.04
30. GKwU e„ËKjvi †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †KvY 70 Ges e¨vm 28 †m.wg.
n‡j, Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 14  17 M 22 N 28
  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 37 − 39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
e¨vL¨v : e„ËKjvi Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ =  2r GKK GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 10 †m.wg. Ges GKwU e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª 56 †KvY Drcbœ|
360
=
70
2
28
†m.wg. = 17 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
37. e„ËwUi cwiwa KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
360 2 K 48.26 L 50.26  62.83 N 92.07
38. e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  9.77 L 9.82 M 50.72 N 64.72
r   10  56
31. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r n‡j− e¨vL¨v : s =
180
=
180
= 9.77
i. e„‡Ëi e¨vm = 2r 39. e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
ii. e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r K 7.82 L 31.28 M 34.28  48.87
iii. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r2  56    (10)2
e¨vL¨v : s = r2 = = 48.87
360 360
32. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : GKwU e„‡Ëi cwiwa 440 wg.| H e„‡Ë GKwU eM© AšÍwj©wLZ Av‡Q|
i. e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª †gvU Drcbœ †KvY 180 40. e„‡Ëi e¨vm KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
ii. e„‡Ëi †Kv‡bv Pvc Øviv Drcbœ †K›`ª¯’ †KvY H e„ËPv‡ci K 120.06  140.06 M 240.06 N 340.01
mgvbycvwZK 41. e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
K 70.06  140.06 M 180.06 N 360.05
iii. GKB e„‡Ëi `yBwU e„Ëvsk †ÿÎ Ges Giv †h Pvc `yBwUi 42. e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
Dci `Êvqgvb G‡ì cwigvc mgvbycvwZK K 70.06 L 80.57  99.04 N 240.06
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : a 2 = 140.06  a = 99.04.
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 43 − 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
33. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : GKwU e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vm 124 wg.| gv‡Vi evB‡ii mxgvbv †Nu‡l 6
rx wgUvi PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
i. r e¨vmva© wewkó e„‡Ëi †h Pv‡ci wWwMÖ cwigvc x Zvi ˆ`N©¨ =
180
43. gv‡Vi e¨vmva© KZ wg.? (ga¨g)
ii. †h e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r GKK, Zv Øviv mxgve× e„Ë‡¶‡Îi
 62 L 72 M 82 N 98
†¶Îdj = r2 eM© GKK
44. e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© wg. (cÖvq)? (ga¨g)

e¨vmva© wewkó e„ËKjvi †¶Îdj = 360  r2
iii. r K 194.76 L 2061.28  12076.31 N 30066
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 45. iv¯Ívmn gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©.wg. (cÖvq)? (ga¨g)
K 12,076.28 L 1276.25
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 14,526.76 N 20,751.28
34. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : e¨vL¨v : (62 + 6)2 = 14526.76
C
r GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm I cwiwai cv_©K¨ 90 †m.wg.|
46. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
i. cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi Rb¨ c = 2r  21.01 L 24.05 M 25.05 N 52.07
45
ii. cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi †ÿÎdj r2 eM© GKK e¨vL¨v : 2r( − 1) = 90 ev, r =
−1
= 21.01
47. e„‡Ëi e¨vm KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) K 12 L 15  25 N 30
K 20.02 L 21.01 M 40.02  42.02 360
e¨vL¨v : 14.14 = 25.46
48. e„‡Ëi cwiwa KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K 16 L 24 M 42  132
E
GKwU Mvoxi mvg‡bi PvKvi e¨vm 28 †m.wg. Ges wcQ‡bi PvKvi
45
e¨vm 35 †m.wg.| MvwowU 88 wg. c_ AwZµg K‡i| A
D
10 wgUvi
49. MvwowUi mvg‡bi PvKvi cwiwa KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) 8 wgUvi
K 97.96  87.96 M 56.84 N 28.84 B C
50. MvwowUi wcQ‡bi PvKv KZevi Ny‡i? (ga¨g) 54. e„ËPvc DE Gi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
K 70  80 M 90 N 110 K 6 wg. L 8 wg.  7.85 wg. N 8.28 wg.
8800 e¨vL¨v : GLv‡b r = 10 wg.,  = 45
e¨vL¨v : = 80.032  80
35
r 3.1416  10  45
51. MvwowUi mvg‡bi PvKv wcQ‡bi PvKv A‡cÿv KZ c~Y©msL¨K  e„ËPvc DE Gi ˆ`N©¨ =
180
=
180
wg. = 7.85 wg.
evi †ewk Nyi‡e? (KwVb) 55. ADE e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? (KwVb)
 20 L 30 M 40 N 45
K 38.27  39.27
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 52 I 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : M 40.27 N 45.37
GKwU PvKvi e¨vm 4.5 wgUvi| PvKvwU 360 wg. c_ AwZµg K‡i| 
e¨vL¨v : ADE e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj =  r2
52. PvKvwUi cwiwa KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g) 360
K9  14.14 M 20.25 N 80 45
=  3.1416  (10)2 = 39.27
e¨vL¨v : e¨vmva© r wgUvi n‡j PvKvi cwiwa 360
= 2r =   2r =   4.5 = 14.14 wgUvi
53. PvKvwU KZ c~Y© msL¨K evi Nyi‡e? (ga¨g)

56. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r GKK n‡j, cwiwa = KZ GKK?  8.04 L 10.5 M 80.4 N 80.6
K L r  2r N  r2 66. GKwU e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª 30 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| e„‡Ëi e¨vm 126
57. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 5 †m.wg. n‡j cwiwa KZ? †m.wg. n‡j Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
K 30.99 †m.wg.  32.99 †m.wg.
K 10 †m.wg.  10 †m.wg. M 15 †m.wg. N 12 †m.wg.
M 24.99 †m.wg. N 36.99 †m.wg.
58. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 8 †m.wg. Ges GKwU Pvc †K‡›`ª 56 †KvY
22
Drcbœ K‡i| e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 67. GKwU PvKvi cwiwa 7 wg., 220 wg. †h‡Z PvKvwU KZ evi
 7.82 †m.wg. L 3.90 †m.wg. Nyi‡e?
M 62.55 †m.wg. N 5.22 †m.wg. K 35 L 50 M 60  70
59. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 30 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi 68. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki−
†KvbwU? i. mKj e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© mgvb
K 15 eM© †m.wg. L 60 eM© †m.wg. ii. mgvb mgvb e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© mgvb
 706.86 eM© †m.wg. N 188.496 eM© †m.wg. iii. e¨vmB e„‡Ëi e„nËg R¨v
60. GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm I cwiwai cv_©K¨ 90 †m.wg. n‡j, e„‡Ëi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
e¨vm wbY©q Ki| K ii  ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii
K 255 †m.wg. L 11.67 †m.wg. 69. r †m. wg. e¨vmva©wewkó e„‡Ëi−
 42.02 †m.wg. N 21.01 †m.wg. i. e„nËg Pvc 2r ii. e„‡Ëi e¨vm 2r
61. e„‡Ëi e¨vm cwiwa‡Z †h mKj †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡ì iii. e„‡Ëi cwiwa 2r
cÖ‡Z¨KwUi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 90 L 180 M 270 N 360 K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
62. GKwU e„ËKjvi †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †KvY 70 Ges e¨vm 28 †m.wg.
 wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 70 − 72 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
n‡j, Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? E
K 14  17 M 20 N 23 30
63. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vm 14 †m.wg.| e„ËwUi AšÍwj©wLZ e„nËg A D
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? 12 wgUvi
K 96  98 M 100 N 102
B C
64. e„‡Ëi e¨vm wZb¸Y e„w× Ki‡j †ÿÎdj KZ¸Y n‡e?
K4 9 M 12 N 16 70. DE Pv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
65. GKwU gv‡Vi cwiwa 50.5 wgUvi n‡j e¨vmva© KZ wgUvi?  6.28 wgUvi (cÖvq) L 5.28 wgUvi (cÖvq)
M 7.28 wgUvi (cÖvq) N 6 wgUvi (cÖvq) 75. gvVwUi cwiwa KZ?
71. ADE e„Ëvs‡ki †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi? K 10 wgUvi L 20 wgUvi
 73.7 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) L 30.7 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) M 31.416 wgUvi  62.832 wgUvi
M 37.7 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) N 73.3 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) 76. gvVwUi †ÿÎdj KZ?
72. ABCD PZzf©yRwUi wfZ‡ii e„ËwU Qvov Aewkó As‡ki K 100 eM©wgUvi  314.16 eM©wgUvi
†ÿÎdj KZ? M 400 eM©wgUvi N 62.832 eM©wgUvi
K 28.91 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) L 29.01 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
M 29 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)  30.91 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
O †K›`ªwewkó ABCD eM©‡ÿÎwU e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q| e„‡Ëi
cwiwa 220 wgUvi|
A D 77. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© KZ wgUvi?
6cm
E
8cm K 33 wgUvi  35 wgUvi M 37 wgUvi N 39 wgUvi
B C
78. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj KZ eM©wgUvi?
73. BCE †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K 3421.20 eM©wgUvi L 3448.46 eM©wgUvi
 24 cm2 L 42 cm2 M 48 cm2 N 84 cm2 M 3821.20 eM©wgUvi  3848.46 eM©wgUvi
74. Mvp wPwýZ As‡ki †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 79. e„ËwU 1688 wgUvi c_ †h‡Z KZ c~Y© msL¨Kevi Nyi‡e?
K 30.28m2  30.45 cm2 M 78.45m2 N 78. 54 cm2
K 7 evi L 7.7 evi
 8 evi N 15 evi
20 wg.
mKj †ev‡W©i GmGmwm cixÿv I †evW© cÖY xZ bgyb v m„R bkxj cÖk œ I mgvavb
œ 1  dzj Pvlx MwY wgqvi wgqvi dzj evMv‡bi b·wU wbgœiƒc :
cÖk-  dz‡ji Rwgi cwimxgv = eM©vKvi gv‡Vi wZb evûi cwimxgv
iRbx MÜv e„ËvKvi gvV + Aa©e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi cwimxgv|
20
Muv`v 2 wgUvi  e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva©, r1 = 2 wgUvi ev 10 wgUvi
Muv`v  eM©vKvi gv‡Vi wZb evûi cwimxgv = (20 + 20 + 20) wgUvi
iRbx MÜv = 60 wgUvi
2πr1
20 wg.
 e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi Aa©cwimxgv = 2 GKK = πr1 GKK
†Mvjvc
eM©vKvi gvV = 3.1416  10 wgUvi
K. MwY wgqvi dz‡ji Rwgi cwimxgv KZ? 2 = 31.416 wgUvi
L. iRbxMÜv dz‡ji PvlK…Z Rwgi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 4  dz‡ ji evMvbwUi cwimxgv = (60 + 31.416) wgUvi
M. cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Rwg n‡Z 500 UvKvi †Mvjvc weµq = 91.416 wgUvi (Ans.)
Ki‡j wZwb †gvU KZ UvKvi †Mvjvc weµq Ki‡Z L. GLv‡b, e„ Ë vKvi gv‡Vi Af¨šÍ‡i, 2 wgUvi PIov Ask Ry‡o
cvi‡eb? 4 iRbxMÜv dz ‡ ji Pvl Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 1bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, e„ËvKvi gvVwUi e¨vmva©, r1 = 10 wgUvi
 e„ËvKvi gvVwVi Rwgi cwigvY = πr21 eM©wgUvi
K. GLv‡b, dz‡ji evMvbwU 20 wgUvi evûwewkó eM©vKvi gvV I
= 3.1416  (10)2 wgUvi
e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi A‡a©‡Ki mgš^‡q MwVZ| e„ËvKvi gvVwUi e¨vm
= 314.16 eM©wgUvi
eM©vKvi gv‡Vi evûi ˆ`‡N©ï mgvb| iRbxMÜv PvlK…Z Rwg ev‡` gvwVi e¨vmva©, r2 = (10 − 2) wgUvi
iRbx MÜv e„ËvKvi gvV
= 8 wgUvi
Muv`v 2 wgUvi  iRbxMÜv PvlK…Z Rwg ev‡` gvVwUi Rwgi cwigvY
r1= 10 wgUvi = πr22 eM©wgUvi
Muv`v = 3.1416  82 wgUvi
iRbx MÜv = 201.0624 eM©wgUvi
20 wg.  iRbxMÜv PvlK…Z… Rwgi cwigvY = (314.16 − 201.0624) eM©wg.
†Mvjvc
eM©vKvi gvV = 113.0976 eM©wgUvi
= 113.10 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
M. wPÎ n‡Z cvB, eM©vRvi gvVwUi evûi ˆ`N©©¨ = 20 wg.
 eM©vKvi gvVwUi Rwgi cwigvY = (20)2 eM©wg. ev 400 eM©wg. = 242.92 eM©wg.
Avevi, ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Rwg n‡Z 500 UvKvi †Mvjvc wewµ Ki‡j wewµK…Z
e„ËvKvi gvVwUi Rwgi cwigvY = 314.16 eM©wg. †Mvjv‡ci g~j¨ (242.92  500) UvKv ev 121460 UvKv
314.16 AZGe, MwY wgqv 121460 UvKvi †Mvjvc wewµ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 e„ËvKvi gvVwUi Rwgi cwigvY = 2
eM©wg. (Ans.)
= 157.08 eM©wg.
 †Mvjvc PvlK…Z Rwgi cwigvY = (400 − 157.08) eM©wg.

œ 2  GKwU e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi cwiwa
cÖk- 440 wgUvi| H e„‡Ë Mv‡Qi Pviv jvMv‡Z 1 eM©wgUv‡i LiP nq = 120 UvKv
AšÍwj©wLZ eM©‡ÿÎ e¨ZxZ evwK As‡k Mv‡Qi Pviv jvMv‡e|  5598.3253 eM©wgUv‡i LiP nq = (5598.3253  120) UvKv
K. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mswÿß weeiYmn wPÎwU AuvK| 2 = 671799.04 UvKv (cÖvq)|
L. e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
œ 3  wPÎwU jÿ Ki :
cÖk-
M. cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i Pviv jvMv‡Z 120 UvKv LiP n‡j
Mv‡Qi Pviv jvMv‡Z †gvU KZ UvKv LiP n‡e? 4 D
A
 2bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  20 †m.wg.
K g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = r D C
wgUvi Ges ABCD eM©‡ÿÎwU r wg. B

15 †m.wg. C
H e„‡Ë AšÍwj©wLZ|
K. wPÎwU eY©bv Ki| 2
A B
L. ABC wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
L. Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r wgUvi M. Mvp wPwýZ †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2r = 440
ev, 2  3.1416  r = 440
440
ev, r = 2  3.1416
220
ev, r = 3.1416
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 70.0280 wgUvi
e„‡Ëi e¨vm, AC = 2r GKK = 2  70.0280 wgUvi
= 140.0560 wgUvi
GLb, ABC mg‡KvYx mgwØevû wÎfzR †_‡K cvB,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
ev, AB2 + AB2 = AC2 [BC = AB]
ev, 2AB2 = AC2
ev, 2 AB = AC
AC
ev, AB =
2
140.0560
ev, AB =  AB = 99.0345 wgUvi (cÖvq)
2
wb‡Y©q eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû 99.0345 wgUvi (cÖvq)
M. ÔLÕ n‡Z cvB, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 70.0280 wgUvi
 e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = r2 eM©wgUvi
= 3.1416  (70.0280)2 eM©wgUvi = 15406.1574 eM©wgUvi
Ges eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖwZ evû = 99.0345 wgUvi
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
= (99.0345)2 eM©wgUvi = 9807.8321 eM©wgUvi|
eM©‡ÿÎ e¨ZxZ e„‡Ëi evKx As‡ki †ÿÎdj
= (15406.1574 − 9807.8321) eM©wgUvi
= 5598.3253 eM©wgUvi
= 2  AB  BC eM© †m.wg.
K. wP‡Î, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR hvi f‚wg BC = 15 †m.wg. 1
= 2  13.23  15 = 99.23 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
I AwZfzR AC = 20 †m.wg. Ges ADC GKwU Aa©e„Ë hvi
 ABC wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 99.23 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
e¨vm AC = 20 †m.wg.| M. wP‡Î, ADC Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vm, AC = 20 †m.wg.
L. wP‡Î, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg BC = 15 †m.wg. Ges 20
 ADC Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 2 = 10 †m.wg.
AwZfzR AC = 20 †m.wg.| 1
GLb, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR n‡Z cvB,  ADC Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = 2 r2
1
AB2 + BC2 = AC2 = 2  3.1416  (10)2 eM© †m.wg.
ev, AB2 = AC2 − BC2 1
= 2  3.1416  100 eM© †m.wg.
ev, AB = (20) − (15)
2 2 2
= 157.08 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
ev, AB2 = 400 − 225 ÔLÕ-n‡Z cÖvß, ABC wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj 99.23 eM© †m.wg.
ev, AB2 = 175  Mvp wPwýZ †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj
ev, AB = 175  AB = 13.23 (cÖvq) †m.wg. = (99.23 + 157.08) eM© †m.wg. ev 256.31 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
 ABC wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj

œ 4
cÖk-  QS = QS + SR
= (6.93 + 6.93) †m.wg.
= 13.86 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
P  QR Gi ˆ`N©¨ 13.86 †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
8cm
cÖkœ M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, SR = 6.93 †m.wg.
-S cÖkœ R
30
Q Ges QR = 13.86 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
cÖk-œ  sin30 = PR
PS
cÖkœ wbY©qcÖ14kKi|
K. e„ËwUi cwimxgv œ cÖkœ 2
P
8cm
L. QR Gi ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 ev, PS = sin30  PR cÖkœ
-S cÖkœ R
1 30
M.  †ÿÎ PQR ev‡` e„‡Ëi Aewkó As‡ki †ÿÎdj ev, PS = 2  8 Q
cÖk-œ
wbY©q Ki| 4  PS = 4 †m.wg. cÖkœ cÖ14kœ cÖkœ
PQR Gi †ÿÎdj = 2  QR  PS
K. wPÎ †_‡K cvB, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r = 8 †m.wg. 1
 e„ËwUi cwimxgv = 2πr =  13.86  4 eM© †m.wg.
2
= 2  3.1416  8 †m.wg. = 27.72 eM© †m.wg.
= 50.2656 †m.wg. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = πr2
= 50.27 †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.) = 3.1416  82 [ e¨vmva© r = PR = 8 †m.wg.]
L. GLv‡b, PR = 8 †m.wg. = 201.062 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
Ges PRS = 30  -†ÿ‡Î PQR ev‡` e„‡Ëi Aewkó As‡ki †ÿÎdj
PRS †_‡K, = 201.062 − 27.72
P
SR 8cm = 173.342
cos30 =
8 cÖkœ = 173.34 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
-S cÖkœ R
30
3 SR
ev, 2 = 8 Q
cÖk-œ œ 5  GKwU AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ h_vµ‡g 12 wg. I
cÖk-
ev, SR = 4 3 cÖkœ cÖ14kœ wg.| AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwU‡K cwi‡ewók K‡i GKwU e„ËvKvi †ÿÎ
cÖkœ 5
Av‡Q| AvqZvKvi †ÿÎ Øviv AbwaK…Z As‡k Nvm jvMv‡bv n‡jv|
ev, SR = 6.928
K. wPÎmn Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI| 2
 SR = 6.93 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
L. e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi e¨vm I †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
Avgiv Rvwb, e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv R¨v Gi Dci AswKZ
M. hw` cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Nvn jvMv‡Z 60 UvKv LP nq, Z‡e
j¤^ R¨v‡K mgwØLwÊZ K‡i|
†gvU LiP wbY©q Ki| 4
 QS = SR = 6.93
K. K. e„‡Ëi e¨vm, 2r = 24 †m.wg. B
24
 e¨vmva©, r =
2
†m.wg. O
45
A
12 wgUvi
A D = 12 †m.wg.
O g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 12 †m.wg.|
5 wgUvi
5 wgUvi
e„‡Ëi Pvc AB †K‡›`ª 45 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
r
B C L. Avgiv Rvwb, e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨, s = †m. wg.
180
12 wgUvi
3.1416  45 12
=
180
†m. wg.
g‡b Ki, ABCD GKwU AvqZvKvi †ÿÎ hvi ˆ`N©¨ [ = Drcbœ †KvY]
AD = BC = 12 wgUvi, cÖ¯’ AB = CD = 5 wgUvi Ges KY© = 9.42 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
AC = BD. 
AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| ABCD e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj = 360 r2 †m. wg.
AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwU‡K cwi‡ewóZ K‡i O †K›`ª wewkó GKwU 45 2
= 360  3.1416  (12) eM© †m. wg.
e„ËvKvi †ÿÎ Av‡Q| Mvp wPwýZ AskUzKz‡Z Nvn jvMv‡bv
= 56.55 eM© †m.wg.
n‡q‡Q|
 e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 9.42 †m.wg. Ges e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj 56.55
L. ÔKÕ †_‡K cvB, ABCD AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwUi KY© AC = BD
eM© †m. wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
 ABCD AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwUi KY© AC ev BD n‡e e„ËvKvi
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, cÖ`Ë e„‡Ëi e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ 9.42 †m.wg.
†ÿÎwUi e¨vm| g‡b Kwi, bZzb e„ËwUi e¨vmva© = r †m.wg.
AZGe, ABC mg‡KvYx wÎfzR †_‡K cvB, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Zvn‡j, e„ËwUi e¨vm = 2r †m.wg.
= (5)2 + (12)2 [ AB = 5 wg.; BC = 12 wg.] e„ËwUi cwiwa = 2r †m.wg.
= 25 + 144 = 169  cÖkœg‡Z, 2r − 2r = 9.42
 AC = 169 = 13 ev, 2r( −1) = 9.42
 e„ËvKvi †ÿÎwUi e¨vm, AC = 13 wgUvi| (Ans.) 9.42
13 ev, r = 2( −1)
 e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi e¨vmva©, r = wg. = 6.5 wg.
2 9.42
Avgiv Rvwb, ev, r = 4.2832
e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = πr2 eM© GKK  r = 2.199 (cÖvq)
= 3.1416  (6.5) eM©wgUvi
2  bZzb e„ËwUi †ÿÎdj = r2
= 132.7326 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) (Ans.)
2
=   (2.199) eM© †m.wg.
M. ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, e„ËvKvi †ÿÎwUi e¨vmva©, r = 6.5 wg. Ges =   4.8356 eM© †m.wg.
†ÿÎdj 132.7326 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq) = 15.192 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
†Ìqv Av‡Q, AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 12 wgUvi œ 7  GKwU e„ËvKvi cv‡K©i e¨vm 26 wgUvi| cvK©wU‡K †eób K‡i
cÖk-
Ges cÖ¯’ 5 wgUvi 2 wgUvi cÖk¯Í GKwU c_ Av‡Q|
 AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (12  5) eM©wgUvi K. c‡_i †ÿÎdj KZ? 2
= 60 eM©wgUvi L. c_wU‡K euvav‡Z 8 †m.wg.  4 †m.wg. gv‡ci KZ¸‡jv BU
 e„ËvKvi †ÿÎwUi AvqZvKvi †ÿÎ Øviv AbwaK…Z As‡ki jvM‡e? 4
†ÿÎdj = (132.7326 − 60) eM©wgUvi = 72.7326 eM©wgUvi M. hw` Zzwg m¤ú~Y© cvK©wU Nyi‡Z PvI Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡K
cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i Nvm jvMv‡Z LiP nq 60 UvKv KZUzKz `~iZ¡ nuvU‡Z n‡e? 4
 72.7326 eM©wgUvi Nvm jvMv‡Z LiP nq (72.7326  60) UvKv  7bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 4363.956 UvKv (cÖvq) 1
(Ans.) K. cv‡K©i e¨vmva© = 2  26 wg. = 13 wgUvi
œ 6  GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm 24 †m. wg. Ges GKwU e„ËPvc †K‡›`ª
cÖk- iv¯Ívmn cv‡K©i e¨vmva© = (13 + 2) wg. = 15 wg.
45 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|  e„ËvKvi c‡_i †ÿÎdj
K. Dc‡ii Z_¨wU wPÎmn weeiY `vI| 2 = iv¯Ívmn cv‡K©i †ÿÎdj − cv‡K©i †ÿÎdj
L. e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ I e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj †ei Ki| 4 =   (15)2 −   (13)2
M. †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vm I cwiwai cv_©K¨ cÖ`Ë e„‡Ëi = 225 − 169
e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`‡N©ï mgvb n‡j bZzb e„ËwUi †ÿÎdj = 56 = 56  3.1416 = 175.93 eM©wgUvi|
†ei Ki| 4  c‡_i †ÿÎdj 175.93 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.)
L. GLv‡b, cÖwZwU B‡Ui †ÿÎdj = 8 †m.wg.  4 †m.wg. œ 9  GKwU e„‡Ëi cwiwa GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgvi
cÖk-
= 0.08 wg.  0.04 wg. mgvb| e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 3 wgUvi|
= 0.0032 eM©wgUvi K. cwiwa ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
awi, c_wU‡K euvav‡Z x msL¨K BU jvM‡e| L. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ? 4
Zvn‡j, kZ©g‡Z, x  0.0032 = 175.93 M. e„‡Ëi †¶Îdj I mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îd‡ji
175.93
ev, x = 0.0032 AbycvZ wbY©q Ki| 4
 x = 54978  9bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
 c_wU euvav‡Z 54978wU BU jvM‡e| (Ans.)
K. e„‡Ëi ˆ`N©¨‡K Zvi cwiwa e‡j|
M. m¤ú~Y© cvK©wU Nyi‡Z cwiwai mgvb `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡e|
A_©vr, iv¯Ívmn cwiwa = 2  15 †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© r n‡j Zvi cwiwa 2r
= 30 = 30  3.1416
= 94.24 wgUvi
r
Avevi, hw` ïay cv‡K©i cwiwa w`‡q nuvUv nq, Zvn‡j me©wbgœ O
< cwiwa
c_ nuvU‡Z n‡e|
 cv‡K©i cwiwa = 2  13
= 26  3.1416 = 81.68 wgUvi| A
 m‡e©v”P 94.24 wgUvi Ges me©wbgœ 81.68 wgUvi c_ nuvU‡Z wP‡Î O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges A we›`yi Pjvi c_B cwiwa|
n‡e| (Ans.) L. g‡b Kwi, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = a wgUvi
Ges e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 3 wgUvi
cÖk-œ 8  28 †m.wg. e¨vmwewkó GKwU e„‡Ëi cwiwa Ges GKwU
eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv mgvb| myZivs e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r wgUvi
wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = 3a wgUvi
K. e„‡Ëi cwiwa wbY©q Ki| 2
L. eM©‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4 cÖkœg‡Z, 3a = 2r
2r
M. eM©‡ÿÎwUi cwie„Ë I AšÍe„©‡Ëi cwiwai AšÍi ev, a = 3
wbY©q Ki| 4 2  3.1416  3
 8bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  ev, a = 3
 a = 6.283 wgUvi
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi e¨vm = 28 †m.wg. wb‡Y©q wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 6.283 wgUvi|
AZGe, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 14 †m.wg. M. e„‡Ëi †¶Îdj = r2 eM©wgUvi
 e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r †m.wg. 3
= 2  3.1416  14 †m.wg. mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj = 4 a2 eM©wgUvi
= 87.9648 †m.wg. (Ans.) 3 2
L. cÖkœvbymv‡i, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi cwimxgv = 87.9648 †m.wg. kZ©g‡Z, e„‡Ëi †¶Îdj : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj = r2 : 4 a
 eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evû = (87.9648  4) †m.wg. 3 2r2 
†h‡nZz a = 3 
2r
= r2 :
= 21.9912 †m.wg. (cÖvq) 4  3  
AZGe, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi KY© = 21.9912  2 †m.wg. 3  42r2  3
= r2 : =1:
= 31.1003 †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.) 49 3. 3. 3
M. eM©‡ÿÎwUi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 21.9912 †m.wg. [ÔLÕ †_‡K] 
=1: =3 3: [3 3 Øviv ¸Y K‡i ]
 eM©‡ÿÎwUi AšÍe©„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, 3 3
r =
21.9912
†m.wg. = 10.9956 †m.wg. wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi †¶Îdj Ges mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îd‡ji
2
AbycvZ 3 3 :  ev 5.196 : 3.1416 (cÖvq)|
 AšÍe„©‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r
= 2  3.1416  10.9956 †m.wg. œ 10  GKwU e„‡Ëi e¨vm Ges cwiwai cv_©K¨ 90 †m. wg.|
cÖk-
= 69.0876 †m.wg. (cÖvq) K. e„ËwUi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 2
eM©‡ÿÎwUi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 31.1003 †m.wg. [ÔLÕ †_‡K] L. H e„‡Ë cwiwjwLZ e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki| 4
31.1003
 eM©‡ÿÎwUi cwie„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, R = 2 †m.wg. M. H e„ ‡ Ëi cwiwai mgvb cwimxgv wewkó GKwU
mgevû wÎfy‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
 cwie„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2R
31.1003  10bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
= 2  3.1416  †m.wg.
2 K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, e„‡Ëi cwiwa − e¨vm = 90 †m.wg. ( cwiwa  e¨vm)
= 97.7047 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
awi, e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = r †m.wg.
 cwiwai AšÍi = (97.7047 − 69.0876) †m.wg.
 e„‡Ëi e¨vm = 2r †m.wg.
= 28.6171 †m.wg.
e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r †m.wg.
= 28.62 †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
cÖkœg‡Z, 2r − 2r = 90
ev, 2r( −1) = 90 = 80 evi (cÖvq)
ev, r=
90
=
90
=
90 AZGe, mvg‡bi PvKv †cQ‡bi PvKv A‡cÿv (100 − 80) evi ev
2( −1) 2(3.1416 −1) 4.2832 20 evi †ewk Nyi‡e| (cÖvq) (Ans.)
= 21.012 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
L g‡b Kwi, O †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„ËvKvi
 e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 21.012 †m.wg. (cÖvq)| (Ans.) gv‡Vi e¨vmva© = r wgUvi r r
L. e„‡Ëi e¨vm = 2r = 2  21.012 †m.wg. = 42.024 †m. wg. A B
 e¨vm, AB = 2r wgUvi

O
 e„‡Ëi cwiwjwLZ e‡M©i GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ a = 42.024 †m. wg.
GLb MvwowU cÖwZ wgwb‡U †cQ‡bi
 e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = a 2 = 42.024  2 †m. wg.
PvKvi cwiwai mgvb ev 109.956 wg.
= 59.43 †m. wg. (cÖvq)
`~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i|
 e„‡Ë cwiwjwLZ e‡M©i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 59.43 †m.wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
M. e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r = 2  3.1416  21.012 †m.wg.  MvwowU 1 wgwb‡U hvq 109.956 wgUvi
1 3 3
= 132.022 †m. wg. Ó 1ev 2 wgwb‡U hvq = 2  109.956 wgUvi
2
 mgevû wÎfy‡Ri cwimxgv = 132.022 †m. wg. = 164.934 wgUvi
 mgevû wÎfy‡Ri cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ =
132.022
†m. wg. GLv‡b, e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi cwiwa = 2r
3  cÖkœg‡Z, 2r = 164.934
= 44.007 †m. wg. (cÖvq) 164.934 164.934
3 ev, 2r = 
= †m.wg. = 52.5 †m.wg.
 wÎfyRwUi †ÿÎdj = 4 a2 3.1416
 gv‡Vi e¨vm 52.5 wgUvi (cÖvq)| (Ans.)
3
=  (44.007)2 eM© †m. wg.
4 œ 12 
cÖk-
= 838.5793 eM© †m. wg. E
= 838.58 eM© †m. wg.
wb‡Y©q mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj 838.58 eM© †m.wg.|
œ 11  GKwU Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKvi e¨vm
cÖk- 28†m.wg. Ges A
24 wgUvi D
wcQ‡bi PvKvi e¨vm 35 †m.wg.| MvwowU †gvU 88 wgUvi c_ AwZµg

K‡i|
K. mvg‡bi PvKvi cwiwa KZ? 2 B C
L. D³c_ †h‡Z MvwowUi mvg‡bi PvKv †cQ‡bi PvKv K. wPÎwUi mswÿß weeiY `vI| 2
A‡cÿv KZ c~Y©msL¨K evi †ewk Nyi‡e? 4 L. AED Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
M. hw` cÖwZ wgwb‡U MvwowU †cQ‡bi PvKvi cwiwai M. wP‡Îi m¤ú~Y©Z‡ji †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 4
1
gv‡bi mgvb `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i 12 wgwb‡U Zv  12bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
GKwU e„ËvKvi gvV Ny‡i Av‡m| H gv‡Vi e¨vm wbY©q K. wP‡Î ABCD GKwU eM©‡ÿÎ hvi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 24 wgUvi
Ki| 4 Ges AED GKwU Aa©e„Ë|
 11bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  L. GLv‡b, AED Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vm 24 wgUvi
24
K. †Ìqv Av‡Q, mvg‡bi PvKvi e¨vm, 2r = 28 †m.wg.  AED Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©, r = 2 = 12 wgUvi
 mvg‡bi PvKvi cwiwa = 2r = .2r 1
= (3.1416  28) †m.wg.
 AED Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = 2r2
= 87.96 †m.wg. (Ans.) 1
=  3.1416  (12)2 eM©wgUvi
2
L. ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, mvg‡bi PvKvi cwiwa 87.96 †m.wg. 1
†Ìqv Av‡Q, wcQ‡bi PvKvi e¨vm, 2r = 35 †m.wg. = 2  3.1416  144 eM©wgUvi
 wcQ‡bi PvKvi cwiwa = 2r = .2r = 226.195 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
= (3.1416  35) †m.wg.  AED Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj 226.195 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)| (Ans.)
= 109.956 †m.wg. M. GLv‡b, ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi evûi ˆ`N©¨, AD = 24 wgUvi
MvwowU †gvU c_ AwZµg K‡i 88 wgUvi = 88  100 †m.wg.  ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (24)2 = 576 eM©wgUvi
[ PvKv GKevi Nyi‡j cwiwai mgvb `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i] ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, AED Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj 226.195 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
`~iZ¡  m¤ú~Y© †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj
 88 wgUvi c_ †h‡Z Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKv Nyi‡e = cwiwa = ABCD eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj + AED Aa©e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj
88  100 = (576 + 226.195) = 802.195 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)
= 87.96 = 100.04 evi = 100 evi (cÖvq)  m¤ú~Y© †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 802.195 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq)| (Ans.)
88  100
Ges Mvwoi †cQ‡bi PvKv Nyi‡e, 109.956 = 80.03 evi

œ 13 
cÖk- œ 14  GKwU e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vm
cÖk- 100 wgUvi| gv‡Vi evB‡ii
B
mxgvbv †Nu ‡ l 5 wgUvi PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q|
K. gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj KZ? 2
O 30 6 L. iv¯ÍvwUi †ÿÎdj KZ? 4
A
62 wg. wg.
M. GKwU eM©vKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj D³ gv‡Vi †ÿÎd‡ji
mgvb| eM©vK…wZ gv‡Vi evB‡ii Pviw`‡K 5 wg.
wP‡Î OA e¨vmva©wewkó e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi mxgvbv †Nu‡l GKwU iv¯Ív
PIov GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| cÖwZ eM©wgUvi 200 UvKv
Av‡Q| e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †Kv‡bv e„ËKjv †K‡›`ª AOB ˆZwi K‡i|
wn‡m‡e D³ iv¯Ív euvav‡Z †gvU KZ LiP n‡e? 4
K. e„ËKjvwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2
L. e„ËvKvi gvVwU wN‡i †h iv¯Ív Av‡Q Zvi †ÿÎdj KZ n‡e? 4  14bs cª‡kœi mgvavb 
M. hw` e„ËvKvi gvVwUi cwiwa GKwU mgevû wÎfzRvKvi K. e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vm = 100 wg.
†ÿ‡Îi cwimxgvi mgvb nq, Z‡e G‡ì †ÿÎd‡ji 100
AbycvZ KZ n‡e? 4  e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva©, r = 2 wg. = 50 wg.
 13bs cª‡kœi mgvavb   e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = r2 = 3.1416  502 eM©wg.
K. GLv‡b, †K‡›`ª Drcbœ †KvY,  = 30 = 7854 eM©wg. (Ans.)
e¨vmva©, r = 62 wgUvi| L.
Avgiv Rvwb,
 R
e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj = 360  r2

5
30 r
=  3.1416  (62)2 eM©wgUvi
360
= 1006.35 eM©wgUvi
 e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj 1006.35 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) †Ìqv Av‡Q, iv¯ÍvwUi PIov = 5 wgUvi
L. iv¯Ív ev‡` e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva©, r = 62 wgUvi 100
iv¯Ív ev‡` e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = r2 iv¯Ív ev‡` e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva© r = 2 wgUvi = 50 wgUvi
= 3.1416  (62)2 eM©wgUvi Ges iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva© R = (50 + 5) wgUvi
= 12076.31 eM©wgUvi = 55 wgUvi
iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva©, r1 = (62 + 6) wgUvi AZGe,
= 68 wgUvi iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = R2 eM©wg.
iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = r12 = 3.1416  (55)2 eM©wg.
= 3.1416  (68)2 eM©wgUvi
= 9503.34 eM©wg.
= 14526.75 eM©wgUvi
 iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj
 iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (14526.75 − 12076.31) eM©wgUvi
= 2450.44 eM©wgUvi = iv¯Ívmn e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj − e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj
 iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj 2450.44 eM©wgUvi| (Ans.) = (9503.34 − 7854) eM©wg.
M. GLv‡b, e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi e¨vmva©, r = 62 eM©wgUvi| = 1649.34 eM©wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
 e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi cwiwa = 2r M. kZ©g‡Z, eM©vK…wZ gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj = 7854 eM©wg.
= 2  3.1416  62 wgUvi  eM©vK…wZ gv‡Vi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = 7854 wg.
= 389.55 wgUvi = 88.62 wg. (cÖvq)
cÖkœvbymv‡i, mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cwimxgv = 389.55 wgUvi iv¯Ívmn eM©vK…wZ gv‡Vi GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ = (88.62 + 2  5) wg.
389.55
 mgevû wÎfz‡Ri GK evûi ˆ`N©¨, a = 3 wgUvi = 98.62 wg.
= 129.85 wgUvi Ó Ó Ó †ÿÎdj = (98.62)2 eM©wg.
3 = 9725.9044 eM©wg.
mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 4  (129.85)2 eM©wgUvi  iv¯Ívi †ÿÎdj = (9725.9044 − 7854) eM©wg.
= 7301.35 eM©wgUvi = 1871.9044 eM©wg.
ÔLÕ n‡Z cÖvß, e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj 12076.31 eM©wgUvi| cÖwZ eM©wg. 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e D³ iv¯Ív euvav‡Z †gvU LiP n‡e
 e„ËvKvi gv‡Vi †ÿÎdj : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj (1871.9044  200) UvKv = 374380.88 UvKv (cÖvq) (Ans.)
= 12076.31 : 7301.35 (Ans.)

œ 15  Kvgvj NÈvq 6 wK.wg. †e‡M †ùŠ‡o 36 †m‡K‡Û Ggb
cÖk- œ 17  26 wgUvi e¨v‡mi GKwU e„ËvKvi †Ljvi gvV‡K wN‡i
cÖk-
GKwU e„ËPvc AwZµg K‡i hv e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ª 66 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| GKwU iv¯Ív Av‡Q| iv¯ÍvwUi †fZ‡ii cwiwa A‡cÿv evB‡ii cwiwa
K. Kvgvj KZUzKz c_ AwZµg Kij? 2 33 wgUvi †ewk| cÖwZwU 25 †m.wg. ˆ`‡N©ï I 12 †m.wg. cÖ‡¯’i BU
L. e„ËwUi e¨vm wbY©q Ki| 4 Øviv iv¯Ív euvav‡bv n‡jv|
M. Kvgv‡ji AwZµvšÍ e„ËPvc Øviv MwVZ e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj hw` K. gv‡Vi cwiwa KZ? 2
GKwU e„‡Ëi †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb nq Z‡e e„‡Ëi cwiwa wbY©q L. iv¯ÍvwUi PIov wbY©q Ki| 4
Ki| 4 M. iv¯Ív euvav‡Z †gvU KZ¸‡jv BU †j‡MwQj? 4
DËi : K. 60 wgUvi; L. 104.18 wgUvi (cÖvq); M. 140.18 wgUvi DËi : K. 81.68 wg. (cÖvq); L. 5.252 wg. (cÖvq); M. 17188wU|
(cÖvq)|
œ 18  GKwU Mvwoi mvg‡bi PvKvi e¨vm 56 †m.wg. Ges
cÖk-
œ 16  GKwU cvwL e„ËvKvi c‡_ 2 †m‡K‡Û GKwU e„ËPvc
cÖk-
wcQ‡bi PvKvi e¨vm 70 †m.wg.|
AwZµg K‡i| PvcwU †K‡›`ª 28 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Ges e„‡Ëi e¨vm
180 wgUvi|
K. PvKv `yBwUi e¨vmva© KZ? 2
K. e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| 2 L. 176 wgUvi c_ †h‡Z mvg‡bi PvKv wcQ‡bi PvKv A‡cÿv KZ
L. cvwLwUi MwZ‡eM wbY©q Ki| 4 c~Y© msL¨Kevi †ewk Nyi‡e? 4
M. e„ËKjvi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki Ges m¤ú~Y© e„ËvKvi c_ Ny‡i M. mvg‡bi PvKvwU Øviv Ave× e„‡Ëi AšÍwj©wLZ e‡M©i evûi ˆ`N©¨
Avm‡Z cvwLwUi KZ mgq jvM‡e? 4 wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi : K. 25446.96 eM©wgUvi; L. 22 wgUvi/†m. (cÖvq); M. DËi : K. 28 †m.wg., 35 †m.wg.; L. 20 evi; M. 28 2 †m.wg.|
1979.20 eM©wgUvi (cÖvq), 25.72 †m‡KÛ (cÖvq)|
A b yk xj b x 1 6 . 4
 AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ : H G
wZb †Rvov mgvšÍivj AvqZvKvi mgZj ev c„ô Øviv Ave× E F

D C
Nbe¯‘‡K AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ e‡j| E F
g‡b Kwi, ABCDEFGH GKwU AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘| Gi ˆ`N©¨ AB H A B G
= a, cÖ¯’ BC = b, D”PZv AH = c H G
(1) KY© wbY©q : ABCDEFGH AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i KY© AF †hLv‡b, wecixZ Zj¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb|
ABC-G BC ⊥ AB Ges AC AwZfyR| AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘wUi mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj
E F = 2(ABCD Z‡ji †ÿÎdj + ABGH Z‡ji
H G †ÿÎdj + BCFG Z‡ji †ÿÎdj)
D = 2(AB  AD + AB  AH + BC  BG)
C
A B = 2(ab + ac + bc)
AvqZKvi Nbe¯‘
= 2(ab + bc + ca)
 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = a2 + b2
Avevi, ACF G FC ⊥ AC Ges AF AwZfyR| AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i AvqZb = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’  D”PZv
= abc
 AF2 = AC2 + CF2 = a2 + b2 + c2
 NbK :
 AF = a2 + b2 + c2 AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv mgvb n‡j Zv‡K NbK ejv
 AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘wUi KY© = a2 + b2 + c2 nq|
(2) mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj wbY©q: g‡b Kwi, ABCDEFGH GKwU NbK|
AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘wUi 6wU Zj Gi ˆ`N©¨ = cÖ¯’ = D”PZv = a GKK
E F
H G
D C
A B
NbK
............................................................................... lô`k Aa¨vq  cwiwgwZ ................................................................................ 684
(1) NbKwUi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = a2 + b2 + c2 = 3a2 = 3a Dc‡ii wPÎwU GKwU mge„Ëf‚wgK †ejb hvi f‚wgi e¨vmva© r Ges D”PZv h
(2) Nb‡Ki mgMÖ Z‡ji †ÿÎdj = 2(a.a + a.a + a.a) (1) f‚wgi †ÿÎdj = r2
= 2(a2 + a2 + a2) = 6a2 (2) eµc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj = f‚wgi cwiwa  D”PZv = 2rh
r †ÿ Îdj wbY©q = r
2
(3) NbKwUi AvqZb = a . a . a = a3 p
 †ejb: h h
†ÿ Îdj = 2rh
2r
†Kv‡bv AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †h‡Kv‡bv evû‡K Aÿ a‡i AvqZ‡ÿÎwU‡K H
evûi PZzw`©‡K †Nviv‡j †h Nbe¯‘i m„wó nq, Zv‡K mge„Ëf‚wgK r †ÿ Îdj=r2
†ejb ev wmwjÛvi ejv nq| mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi `yB cÖvšÍ‡K
e„ËvKvi Zj, eµZj‡K eµc„ô ejv nq Ges mgMÖZj‡K c„ôZj ejv (3) m¤ú~Y©Z‡ji †ÿÎdj ev mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj
nq| AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N~Y©vqgvb evûwU‡K †ej‡bi ev, c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = (r2 + 2rh + r2)
= 2r(r + h)
m„RK ev Drcv`K †iLv e‡j|
(4) AvqZb = f‚wgi †ÿÎdj  D”PZv = r2h
D”PZv
m„R K
Aÿ

cÖkœ \ 1 \ GKwU mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU mwbœwnZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 7 E
†m.wg., 5 †m.wg. n‡j, Gi cwimxgvi A‡a©K KZ †m.wg.? 10 †m. wg.
 12 L 20 M 24 N 28 D
C
e¨vL¨v : cwimxgv : = 2(5+7) †m.wg. = 2  12 †m.wg. = 24 †m.wg.
24 F 8 †m. wg.
 Aa© cwimxgv = 2 = 12 †m.wg. 30
A B
cÖkœ \ 2 \ GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ 6 †m. wg. n‡j, Gi 12 †m. wg.
†ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m. wg.?

K3 3 L4 3 M6 3 9 3 G
3
e¨vL¨v : mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ a n‡j †ÿÎdj = 4 a2 cÖkœ \ 5 \ ABCD AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.?
K 13 L 14  14.4 (cÖvq) N 15
3
wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj = 4  62 eM© †m.wg. = 9 3 eM© †m.wg. e¨vL¨v : K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = AB2 + BC2 = 122 + 82 †m.wg.
= 144 + 64 †m.wg. = 14.4 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
cÖkœ \ 3 \ GKwU UªvwcwRqv‡gi D”PZv 8 †m. wg. Ges mgvšÍivj
evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g 9 †m. wg. I 7 †m. wg. n‡j, Gi cÖkœ \ 6 \ ADF wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.?
†ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m. wg.? K 16 L 32 M 64 N 128
K 24  64 M 96 N 504 [we. `ª. : GLv‡b mwVK Z_¨ †bB]
e¨vL¨v : UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evûØ‡qi ˆ`N©¨ h_vµ‡g a I b Ges cÖkœ \ 7 \ AGB Aa©e„‡Ëi cwiwa KZ †m.wg.?
1
D”PZv h n‡j †ÿÎdj = 2 h(a + b) eM© GKK K 18  18.85 (cÖvq)
1 M 37.7 (cÖ vq) N 96
 cÖ`Ë UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj = 2  8(9 + 7) = 64 eM© †m.wg. 12
e¨vL¨v : AGB Aa©e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 2 †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg.
cÖkœ \ 4 \ wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
2r 2  3.1416  6
i. 4 †m.wg. eM©vKvi cv_‡ii cwimxgv 16 †m.wg. AGB Aa©e„‡Ëi cwiwa = †m.wg. =
2 2
ii. 3 †m.wg. e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi cv‡Zi †ÿÎdj 3 eM© †m.wg. = 18.85 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
iii. 5 †m.wg. D”PZv Ges 2 †m. wg. e¨vmv‡a©i †ejb AvK…wZi cÖkœ \ 8 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv h_vµ‡g
e¯‘i AvqZb 20 Nb †m.wg. 16 wgUvi, 12 wgUvi I 4.5 wgUvi| Gi c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj, K‡Y©i
Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ˆ`N©¨ I AvqZb wbY©q Ki|
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q,
wb‡Pi Z_¨ Abymv‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, a = 16 wgUvi
Ó cÖ¯’, b = 12 wgUvi
Ó D”PZv, c = 4.5 wgUvi
 AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj
= 2 (ab + bc + ca) eM© GKK
= 2(16  12 + 12  4.5 + 4.5  16) eM©wgUvi
= 2(192 + 54 + 72) eM©wgUvi
= 636 eM©wgUvi
 AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨  a − b = 8 .....................................(iii)
= ( a2 + b2 + c2) GKK GLb, (ii) + (iii) †_‡K cvB 2a = 24 ev, a = 12
= ( (16)2 + (12)2 + (4.5)2 wgUvi Ges (ii) − (iii) †_‡K cvB, 2b = 8, ev, b = 4
= 256 + 144 + 20.25 wgUvi
AZGe AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ 12 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 4 wgUvi| (Ans.)
= 420.25 wgUvi cÖkœ \ 11 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi Kv‡Vi ev‡·i evB‡ii gvc h_vµ‡g 8
= 20.5 wgUvi †m. wg., 6 †m. wg. I 4 †m.wg.| Gi wfZ‡ii m¤ú~Y© c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj
Ges AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i AvqZb = abc Nb GKK 88 eM© †m. wg.| ev·wUi Kv‡Vi cyiæZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
= (16  12  4.5) NbwgUvi mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, Kv‡Vi cyiæZ¡ = x †m. wg.
= 864 NbwgUvi AZGe, ev‡·i wfZ‡ii ˆ`N©¨, a = (8 − 2x) †m. wg.
wb‡Y©q c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj, K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ I AvqZb h_vµ‡g 636 ev‡·i wfZ‡ii cÖ¯’, b = (6 − 2x) †m. wg.
eM©wgUvi; 20.5 wgUvi I 864 NbwgUvi| Ges ev‡·i †fZ‡ii D”PZv, c = (4 − 2x) †m. wg.
cÖkœ \ 9 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZvi AbycvZ myZivs, ev·wUi †fZ‡ii mgMÖ c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj
21 : 16 : 12 Ges K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 87 †m. wg. n‡j, Nb e¯ÍzwUi Z‡ji = 2(ab + bc + ca) eM© GKK
†¶Îdj wbY©q Ki| = 2{(8 − 2x) (6 − 2x) + (6 − 2x)(4 − 2x) + (4 − 2x) (8 − 2x)} eM© †m.wg.
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi = 2(48 − 28x + 4x2 + 24 − 20x + 4x2 + 32 − 24x + 4x)2 eM© †m.wg.
ˆ`N©¨, a = 21x †m. wg. = 2(12x2 − 72x + 104) eM© †m.wg.
cÖ¯’, b = 16x †m. wg. cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2(12x2 − 72x + 104) = 88
D”PZv, c = 12x †m. wg. ev, 12x2 − 72x + 104 = 44
Ges KY© = 87 †m. wg. ev, 12x2 − 72x + 60 = 0
Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi KY© = a + b + c 2 2 2
ev, x2 − 6x + 5 = 0
ev, 87 = (21x) + (16x) + (12x)
2 2 2 ev, (x − 5)(x − 1) = 0
ev, (21x)2 + (16x)2 + (12x)2 = (87)2 [Dfqc¶‡K eM© K‡i] nq, x − 5 = 0 A_ev, x − 1 = 0
ev, 441x2 + 256x2 + 144x2 = 7569  x=5  x=1
ev, 841x2 = 7569 wKš‘, x = 5 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
ev, x2 = 9 KviY, ev‡·i evB‡ii D”PZv 4 †m. wg. ZvB †fZ‡ii D”PZv 5 †m.
 x= 9 =3 wg. n‡Z cv‡i bv|
myZivs ˆ`N©¨, a = 21x = 21  3 †m. wg. = 63 †m. wg. AZGe, ev‡·i Kv‡Vi cyiæZ¡ 1 †m. wg. (Ans.)
cÖ¯’, b = 16x = 16  3 †m. wg. = 48 †m. wg.
cÖkœ \ 12 \ GKwU †Ìqv‡ji ˆ`N©¨ 25 wgUvi, D”PZv 6 wgUvi Ges
Ges D”PZv, c = 12x = 12  3 †m. wg. = 36 †m. wg.
cyiæZ¡ 30 †m.wg.| GKwU B‡Ui ˆ`N©¨ 10 †m.wg., cÖ¯’ 5 †m.wg.
Avgiv Rvwb,
Ges D”PZv 3 †m.wg.| †ÌqvjwU BU w`‡q ˆZwi Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq
Nbe¯ÍzwUi Z‡ji †¶Îdj = 2 (ab + bc + ca)
B‡Ui msL¨v wbY©q Ki|
= 2 (63  48 + 48  36 + 36  63)
= 2 (3024 + 1728 + 2268)
mgvavb : †Ìqv Av‡Q, †Ìqv‡ji ˆ`N©¨ = 25 wgUvi
= 2  7020 Ó D”PZv = 6 wgUvi
= 14040 eM© †m. wg. Ó cyiæZ¡ = 30 †m.wg. = 0.3
wb‡Y©q Nbe¯ÍzwUi Z‡ji †¶Îdj 14040 eM© †m. wg.| wgUvi
cÖkœ \ 10 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ 48 eM©wgUvi f‚wgi Dci  †Ìqv‡ji AvqZb = (25  6  0.3) NbwgUvi = 45 NbwgUvi
`Êvqgvb| Gi D”PZv 3 wgUvi Ges KY© 13 wgUvi| AvqZvKvi Avevi, GKwU B‡Ui ˆ`N©¨ = 10 †m. wg. = 0.1 wgUvi
Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbY©q Ki| B‡Ui cÖ¯’ = 5 †m.wg. = 0.05 wgUvi
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ = a wg. Ges B‡Ui D”PZv = 3 †m.wg. = 0.03 wgUvi
AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i cÖ¯’ = b wg.  GKwU B‡Ui AvqZb = (0.1  0.05  0.03) NbwgUvi
 f‚wgi †ÿÎdj = ab eM© wg. = 48 eM©wg.| = 0.00015 NbwgUvi
Avgiv Rvwb, AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ Gi KY©, d = a2 + b2 + c2 45
AZGe, †ÌqvjwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq B‡Ui msL¨v = 0.00015 wU
GLv‡b, D”PZv, c = 3 wgUvi
 13 = a2 + b2 + 32 = 300000wU (Ans.)
ev, 169 = a + b + 9
2 2
cÖkœ \ 13 \ GKwU NbK AvK…wZ e¯‘i c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 2400 eM©
ev, a2 + b2 = 169 − 9 = 160 ........... (i) †m. wg. n‡j, Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
 (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, GKwU Nb‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ = cÖ¯’ = D”PZv = a wgUvi
= 160 + 2  48
= 256 [ a2 + b2 = 160 I ab = 48]
Avgiv Rvwb, Nb‡Ki m¤ú~Y© c„‡ôi †¶Îdj = 2 (a2 + a2 + a2) = 6a2
 a + b = 256 = 16 .......................(ii)
cÖkœg‡Z, 6a2 = 2400
2400
Avevi, (a − b)2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab = 160 − 96 = 64 ev, a2 = 6 = 400
a= 400 = 20 12
Ges cvB‡ci †fZ‡ii e¨vmva©, r = 2 †m.wg. = 6 †m.wg.
Avevi, Nb‡Ki KY© = a2 + a2 + a2 = 3a
D”PZv, h = 5 wgUvi = 5  100 †m.wg. = 500 †m.wg.
= 20  3 †m.wg. = 34.641 †m.wg. (cÖvq)
cvBc †ejb AvK…wZi nIqvq,
wb‡Y©q K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 34.641 †m.wg. (cÖvq)| mgMÖ cvB‡ci AvqZb =  R2 h Nb GKK
cÖkœ \ 14 \ 12 †m. wg. D”PZvwewkó GKwU †ej‡bi f‚wgi e¨vmva© 5 =   (7) 2  500 Nb †m.wg.
†m. wg.| Gi c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj I AvqZb wbY©q Ki| =   49  500 Nb †m.wg.
mgvavb : GLv‡b, r = 5 †m. wg. Ges h = 12 †m. wg. = 24500  Nb †m.wg.
AZGe, †ej‡bi m¤ú~Y© c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj = 2r (h + r) eM© GKK cvB‡ci †fZ‡ii ev du vcv As‡ki AvqZb = r2h
= 2  3.1416  5(12 + 5) eM© †m. wg. =   (6)2  500 Nb †m.wg.
=   36  500
= 2  3.1416  85 eM© †m. wg.
= 18000  Nb †m.wg.
= 534.072 eM© †m. wg. (cÖvq)
AZGe, cvB‡ci †jvnvi AvqZb = 24500  – 18000  Nb †m.wg.
Ges †ej‡bi AvqZb = r2h Nb GKK = 6500  Nb †m.wg.
= 3.1416  52  12 Nb †m. wg. GLb, 1 Nb †m.wg. †jvnvi IRb = 7.2 MÖvg
= 942.48 Nb †m. wg.  6500  Nb †mwg †jvnvi IRb = 7.2  6500  MÖvg
wb‡Y©q †ÿÎdj 534.072 eM© †m. wg. (cÖvq) I AvqZb 942.48 Nb = 7.2  6500  3.1416 MÖvg
†m. wg. (cÖvq)| = 147026.88 MÖvg
cÖkœ \ 15 \ GKwU †ej‡bi eµZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 100 eM© †m. wg. Ges AvqZb = 147.027 wK‡jvMÖvg (cÖvq)
150 Nb †m.wg.| †ej‡bi D”PZv Ges f‚wgi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| wb‡Y©q cvB‡ci †jvnvi IRb 147.027 wK‡jvMÖvg (cÖvq)|
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, †ej‡bi f‚wgi e¨vmva© r †m. wg. Ges D”PZv h †m. wg. cÖkœ \ 18 \ GKwU AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ 12 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 5 wgUvi|
Zvn‡j, eµZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 2rh eM© GKK AvqZvKvi †ÿÎwU‡K cwi‡ewóZ K‡i GKwU e„ËvKvi †ÿÎ Av‡Q
Ges †ej‡bi AvqZb = r2h Nb GKK †hLv‡b AvqZvKvi †ÿÎ Øviv AbvwaK…Z As‡k Nvm jvMv‡bv n‡jv|
cÖkœvbymv‡i, r2h = 150 ........................ (i) K. Dc‡ii Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z mswÿß eY©bvmn wPÎ AuvK|
Ges 2rh = 100 ...................... (ii) L. e„ËvKvi †ÿÎwUi e¨vm wbY©q Ki|
mgxKiY (i) †K mgxKiY (ii) Øviv fvM K‡i cvB, M. cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Nvm jvMv‡Z 50 UvKv LiP n‡j, †gvU LiP wbY©q Ki|
r h 150 2  150 300
2 mgvavb :
= = =
2rh 100 100 100 K g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU D C
r=3 AvqZ‡ÿÎ| 12 wgUvi
 f‚wgi e¨vmva© 3 †m. wg. †hLv‡b, ˆ`N©¨, AB = CD = 12
wgUvi
mgxKiY (ii) G r Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, wgUvi, Ges cÖ¯’, BC = AD = 5
5
O
2  3.1416  3  h = 100 wgUvi| A, C Ges B, D †hvM Kiv
100 n‡jv| Zviv ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` A
ev, h = 2  3.1416  3 = 5.3052 B
K‡i| GLb OA e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë
 †ej‡bi D”PZv 5.305 †m. wg. (cÖvq)
A¼b Kiv n‡jv|
AZGe, †ej‡bi D”PZv 5.305 †m. wg. (cÖvq) I e¨vmva© 3 †m. wg.| (Ans.)
L. wPÎ n‡Z, e„ËvKvi †ÿ‡Îi e¨vm AC A_ev BD| GLb ABC
cÖkœ \ 16 \ GKwU mge„Ëf‚wgK wmwjÛv‡ii eµZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 4400 mg‡KvYx wÎfzR n‡Z cvB,
eM© †m. wg.| Gi D”PZv 30 †m. wg. n‡j, mgMÖZj wbY©q Ki| AC2 = AB2 + BC2
mgvavb : g‡b Kwi, mge„Ëf‚wgK wmwjÛv‡ii f‚wgi e¨vmva© r Ges ev, AC2 = (12)2 + (5)2
D”PZv h = 30 †m. wg. ev, AC2 = 144 + 25
cÖkœvbymv‡i, 2rh = 4400 ev, AC2 = 169
4400 4400
ev, r = = = 23.343 †m. wg. ev, AC = 169
2h 2  3.1416  30
 AC = 13
mge„Ëf‚wgK wmwjÛv‡ii mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj  e„ËvKvi †ÿÎwUi
e¨vm 13 wgUvi| (Ans.)
= 2r (r + h) eM©GKK
M. wPÎvbymv‡i,
= 2  3.1416  23.343 (23.343 + 30) eM© †m.wg.
AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi ˆ`N©¨ = 12 wgUvi
= 2  3.1416  23.343  53.343 eM© †m.wg.
= 7823.7505 eM© †m. wg. (cÖvq) (Ans.)
AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi cÖ¯’ = 5 wgUvi
 AvqZvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = (12  5) eM©wgUvi
cÖkœ \ 17 \ GKwU †jvnvi cvB‡ci wfZ‡ii I evB‡ii e¨vm h_vµ‡g = 60 eM©wgUvi
12 †m. wg. I 14 †m. wg. Ges cvB‡ci D”PZv 5 wgUvi| 1 Nb †m.
ÔLÕ bs n‡Z, e„‡Ëi e¨vm = 13 wgUvi
wg. †jvnvi IRb 7.2 MÖvg n‡j, cvB‡ci †jvnvi IRb wbY©q Ki|
14  e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = 13
2
= 6.5 wgUvi
mgvavb : cvB‡ci evB‡ii e¨vmva©, R = 2 †m.wg. = 7 †m.wg.
 e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj = r = 3.1416  (6.5)2
2
eM©wgUvi
= 132.7326 A¼b : BC evû‡K E we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÊZ Kwi| EC †iLvs‡ki
 AbvwaK…Z As‡ki †ÿÎdj = (132.7326 − 60) eM©wgUvi E we›`y‡Z x Gi mgvb CEP AuvwK| A we›`y w`‡q BC evûi
= 72.7326 eM©wgUvi mgvšÍivj AG iwk¥ Uvwb Ges g‡b Kwi, EP iwk¥‡K F we›`y‡Z †Q`
K‡i| BC evû‡K ewa©Z Kwi Ges C we›`y w`‡q EF †iLvs‡ki
 Nvm jvMv‡Z †gvU LiP = (72.7326  50) UvKv mgvšÍivj CQ iwk¥ Uvwb Ges g‡b Kwi, Zv AG iwk¥‡K H
= 3636.63 UvKv (Ans.) we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| Zvn‡j, ECHF B DwÏó mvgvšÍwiK|
cÖkœ \ 19 \ ABC I BCD GKB f‚wg BC Gi Dci Ges GKB cÖkœ \ 20 \ GKwU mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎ ABCD Ges GKwU AvqZ‡ÿÎ
mgvšÍivj †iLv hyMj BC I AD Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| BCEF Df‡qi f‚wg BC.
K. Dc‡ii eY©bv Abymv‡i wPÎwU AuvK| K. GKB D”PZv we‡ePbv K‡i mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎ I AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi wPÎ AuvK|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h,  †ÿÎ ABC =  †ÿÎ BCD. L. †`LvI †h, ABCD †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv BCEF †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv
M.  †ÿÎ ABC Gi mgvb †ÿÎdjwewkó GKwU mvgvšÍwiK AuvK A‡cÿv e„nËi|
hvi GKwU †KvY GKwU wbw`©ó †Kv‡Yi mgvb| (A¼‡bi wPÎ I M. AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ 5 : 3 Ges †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv
weeiY Avek¨K) 48 wgUvi n‡j, mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb : mgvavb :
K. Dc‡ii eY©bv Abymv‡i wPÎwU A¼b Kiv n‡jv : K.
A A E D
D F
B C B C
L. g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎ Ges BCEF GKwU

E A F D AvqZ‡ÿÎ| GKB f‚wg BC Ges D”PZv CE = BF.
L. BC f‚wgi Dci B I C we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g BF I CE j¤^
AuvwK| Giv AD †iLv ev Zvi ewa©Zvsk‡K h_vµ‡g F I E
B C †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, ABCD †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv BCEF †ÿÎwUi
we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC I BCD wÎfzR‡ÿÎØq GKB cwimxgv A‡cÿv e„nËi|
f‚wg BC Gi Dci Ges BC I AD mgvšÍivj †iLvØ‡qi g‡a¨ cÖgvY : mvgvšÍwiK‡ÿÎ ABCD Ges AvqZ‡ÿÎ BCEF Gi
Aew¯’Z| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,  †ÿÎ ABC =  †ÿÎ BCD. †ÿÎdj mgvb Ges Giv mgvb mgvb f‚wgi Dci Aew¯’Z|
A¼b : BC †iLvi B I C we›`y‡Z h_vµ‡g BE I CF j¤^ myZivs Zviv mvgvšÍwiK †iLvhyMj BC I FD Gi g‡a¨
Uvwb| Giv AD †iLv ev Zvi ewa©Zvsk‡K h_vµ‡g E I F Aew¯’Z|
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|  BF = CE
cÖgvY : A¼bvbymv‡i, EBCF GKwU AvqZ‡ÿ‡Î| †h‡nZz  GLb, ABF G AFB = 90
†ÿÎ ABC Ges AvqZ‡ÿÎ EBCF GKB f‚wg BC Gi Dci  AB, ABF Gi AwZfzR|
Ges BC I ED mgvšÍivj †iLvØ‡qi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|  BF  AB [  mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzRB e„nËg evû]
1
 †ÿÎ ABC = 2 (AvqZ‡ÿÎ EBCF) ev, CE  AB [ BF = CE]
Abyiƒcfv‡e, -†ÿÎ BCD = 21 (AvqZ‡ÿÎ EBCF) Avevi, BC = AD = EF [ †ÿÎØq mgvb mgvb f‚wgi Dci Aew¯’Z]
 AB + BC + CD + DA  FB + BE + CE + EF
myZivs -†ÿÎ ABC = -†ÿÎ BCD. (cÖgvwYZ)  ABCD †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv  BCEF †ÿÎwUi cwimxgv A‡cÿv
M.
P Q e„nËi| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
A F H
G M. awi, AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ = 5x
Ges AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cÖ¯’ = 3x
 AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cwimxgv = 2 (5x + 3x)
x
kZ©g‡Z, 2(5x + 3x) = 48
x x 48
B E C x
ev, 8x = 2
g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU wbw`©ó wÎfzR‡ÿÎ Ges x GKwU ev, 8x = 24
wbw`©ó †KvY| Giƒc GKwU mvgvšÍwiK AuvK‡Z n‡e, hvi ev, x = 8
24
GKwU †KvY x Gi mgvb Ges hv Øviv mxgve×‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
 †ÿÎ ABC Gi mgvb|  x=3
 AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi ˆ`N©¨ = 5  3 = 15 wgUvi
Ges AvqZ‡ÿÎwUi cÖ¯’ = 3  3 = 9 wgUvi|  ABCD mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj = (15  9) eM©wgUvi
†h‡nZz AvqZ‡ÿÎ Ges mvgvšÍwiKwU GKB f‚wgi Dci = 135 eM©wgUvi
Aew¯’Z| myZivs G‡ì †ÿÎdj mgvb|  mvgvšÍwiK †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj 135 eM©wgUvi|

1. GKwU Nb‡Ki avi x GKK n‡j NbKwUi mgMÖc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj K 15.39 L 153.93
KZ eM© GKK?  1539.38 N 1539.90
K x2 L 3x2 M 4x2  6x2 9. †ej‡bi †ÿ‡Î-(†hLv‡b D”PZv h, e¨vmva© = r)
2. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i KqwU Zj Av‡Q? i. eµc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj = = 2πrh
K2 L3 M4 6
ii. AvqZb = πr2h
3. GKwU Nb‡Ki K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ 6 3 wgUvi n‡j, Gi AvqZb KZ
iii. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = (πr2 + 2πrh)
Nb wgUvi?
K 36 L 144  216 N 512 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
4. GKwU Nb‡Ki cÖwZwU avi 3 †m.wg. n‡j Nb‡Ki K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨  i I ii L i I iii
KZ †m.wg.? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K2 3 L3 2 3 3 N9 10. 13 †m.wg. D”PZvwewkó †ej‡bi f‚wgi e¨vmva© 6 †m.wg. n‡j-
5. Nb‡Ki av‡ii ˆ`N©¨ 3 wgUvi n‡j, cÖwZ Z‡ji †ÿÎdj i. f‚wgi †ÿÎdj 113.10 eM© †m.wg.
KZ? ii. c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 490.09 eM© †m.wg.
iii. AvqZb 1470.27 Nb †m.wg.
K 3 eM©wgUvi  3 eM©wgUvi
M 3 3 eM©wgUvi N 18 eM©wgUvi K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
6. GKwU †ejbvK…wZi Pz¤^‡Ki f‚wgi e¨vmva© 2 †m.wg. Ges wb‡Pi Z_¨ Abymv‡i 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
D”PZv 3 †m.wg. Dnvi eµc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj KZ? A
3cm
K 12.57 eM© †m.wg. L 25.13 eM© †m.wg.

D
 37.70 eM© †m.wg. N 62.83 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq) mylg NbK
7. GKwU †ej‡bi f‚wgi e¨vmva© π GKK, D”PZv h GKK n‡j B
Gi eµZ‡ji †ÿÎdj KZ eM© GKK? C

1 11. ABCD c„‡ôi KqwU cÖwZmvg¨ †iLv Av‡Q?
 2πrh L πr2h
2 K2 4 M 16 N 24
M 2πr(h + π) N πr2h 12. mgMÖc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.?
8. GKwU mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi D”PZv 10†m.wg. Ges f‚wgi K9 L 27 M 36  54
e¨vmva© 7 †m.wg.| Gi AvqZb KZ Nb †m.wg.?

1
165 : AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ K (ab + bc + ca)
2
 2(ab + bc + ca)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi M 2 a2 + b2 + c2 N ab + bc + ca

17. GKwU AvqZvKvi Nb e¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg., cÖ¯’ 2 †m.wg. I
13. wZb‡Rvov mgvšÍivj AvqZvKvi mgZj c„ô Øviv Ave×
D”PZv 1 †m.wg. n‡j mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
Nbe¯Íz‡K Kx ejv nq? (mnR)
K8 L 11  22 N 44
K AvqZKvi †¶Î L AvqZ‡¶Î 18. GKwU Kv‡Vi ev‡·i ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg., cÖ¯’ 4 †m.wg. I
 AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Íz N AvqZ‡¶‡Îi cwimxgv AvqZb 40 Nb †m.wg. n‡j D”PZv KZ †m.wg.? (KwVb)
14. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv h_vµ‡g a, b I c 2 L4 M6 N8
n‡j Gi KY© wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) 40
e¨vL¨v : 5  4  D”PZv = 40 ev, D”PZv = = 2 †m.wg.
20
K a+b+c  a2 + b2 + c2
19. Nbe¯‘i AvqZb †KvbwU? (mnR)
M a2 + b2 + c2 N a2 + b2 − c2  abc L 2(ab + bc + ca)
15. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i KqwU Zj _v‡K? (mnR)
M a2 + b2 + c2 N a2 + b2 + c2
K2 L4 6 N8
16. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
20. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv j¶ Ki : mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
2 2 2
i. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi KY© = ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’ + D”PZv 28. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv mgvb n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (mnR)
ii. AvqZKvi Nbe¯‘i †ÿÎdj = 2 (ˆ`N©¨ + cÖ¯’)  NbK L †MvjK M †ejb N †KvYK
iii. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi AvqZb = ˆ`N©¨  cÖ¯’  D”PZv 29. †Kv‡bv Nb‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ a GKK n‡j, Gi K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ? (mnR)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) K 3a GKK L 6a GKK  3a GKK N 6a GKK

30. a avi wewkó Nb‡Ki mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
Ka 3 L 6a  6a2 N 6a3
31. †Kv‡bv Nb‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ a n‡j, Gi AvqZb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
i. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ n‡”Q wZb †Rvov mgvšÍivj AvqZvKvi
K 6a2  a3 M 3a N 6a3
mgZj ev c„ô Øviv Ave× Nbe¯‘ 32. GKwU Nb‡Ki evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg. n‡j K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ
ii. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i 6wU Zj †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
iii. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i wecixZ Zj¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb K 3 2 3 M4 3 N6 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR) 33. GKwU Nb‡Ki evûi ˆ`N©¨ 4 †m.wg. n‡j mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K 36 L 46  96 N 604
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi e¨vL¨v : Nb‡Ki mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 6  42 = 96 eM© †m.wg.|
34. NbK AvK…wZi GKwU †PŠev”Pvi MfxiZv 2 wgUvi n‡j AvqZb
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 22 − 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : KZ Nb wg.? (KwVb)
AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘i ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I D”PZv h_vµ‡g 15 †m.wg, 10 K4 L6 8 N 16
†m.wg. Ges 5 †m.wg.| e¨vL¨v : AvqZb = 23 Nb wg. = 8 Nb wg.
22. K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) 35. GKwU Nb‡Ki m¤ú~Y© c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj 96 eM©wgUvi| Gi K‡Y©i
 18.7 L 21.5 M 24.7 N 100 ˆ`N©¨ KZ wgUvi? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : KY© = 152 + 102 + 52 wgUvi = 18.7 wgUvi K2 3 4 3 M 16 3 N 24 3
23. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj KZ eM© †m.wg.? (ga¨g) e¨vL¨v : cÖkœg‡Z, 6a2 = 96 ev, a = 4  K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = 4 3.
K 450 L 500  550 N 700 36. Nb‡Ki c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 600 eM© GKK n‡j Gi avi KZ GKK? (KwVb)
e¨vL¨v : 2(ab + bc + ca) = 2(15  10 + 10  5 + 15  5) K 100 L 50  10 N5
600
= 2(150 + 50 + 75) = 550 e¨vL¨v : cÖkœg‡Z, 6a2 = 600 ev, a = 6
= 100 = 10 GKK|
24. AvqZb KZ Nb †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
37. †Kv‡bv Nb‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ 10 3 n‡j, Zvi AvqZb KZ? (ga¨g)
K 100 L 500  750 N 850
K 100  1000 M 1200 N 1300
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 25 − 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : e¨vL¨v : Nb‡Ki K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ = a 3 ev, 10 3 = a 3
wP‡Î ABCDEFGH GKwU AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Íz †hLv‡b AB = 5 ev, a = 10
wgUvi, AD = 4 wgUvi Ges AH = 3 wgUvi|  Nb‡Ki AvqZb = a3 = 103 = 1000
E F
H G
D C 38. NbK−
i. n‡jv AvqZvKvi Nbe¯‘ hvi ˆ`N©¨ = cÖ¯’ = D”PZv
A B ii. Gi GKwU evû a n‡j Gi KY© n‡e 3a
25. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi KY© AF Gi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) iii. Gi GKwU evû 3 †m.wg. Gi mgMÖ c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj n‡e
 7.07 wgUvi L 6.35 wgUvi M 8.27 wgUvi N 9.78 wgUvi 54 eM© †m.wg.
e¨vL¨v : KY© = 52 + 42 + 32 wgUvi = 7.07 wgUvi
26. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Ízi mg¯Í Z‡ji †¶Îdj‡K
wb‡`©k K‡i? (ga¨g)
K 75 eM© wgUvi L 87 eM©wgUvi
i. Nb‡Ki c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj 150 eM© GKK n‡j AvqZb 125 Nb GKK
 94 eM©wgUvi N 121 eM©wgUvi
1
e¨vL¨v : mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 2(ab + bc + ca) ii. Nb‡Ki avi 6 †m.wg. n‡j AvqZb 6 †m.wg.
= 2(5  4 + 4  3 + 3  5) = 94
27. AvqZvKvi Nbe¯Íz ABCDEFGH Gi AvqZb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb) iii.Nb‡Ki avi a n‡j Gi KY© n‡e 3a
K 75 NbwgUvi L 120 NbwgUvi
M 30 NbwgUvi  60 NbwgUvi K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vL¨v : ABCDEFGH Gi AvqZb = 5  4  3 Nb wg.= 60 Nb wg.
166 : NbK  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 40 − 42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
GKwU NbK AvK…wZ e¯‘i c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 2400 eM© †m.wg.| 51. GKwU mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi D”PZv 10 †m.wg. Ges f‚wgi
40. NbKwUi GKwU avi KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) e¨vm 14 †m.wg.| †ej‡bi AvqZb KZ Nb †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
 20 L 40 M 60 N 80 K 690 L 580
e¨vL¨v : cÖkœg‡Z, 6a2 = 2400 ev, a2 = 400 ev, a = 20 M 660  490
14 2
41. NbKwUi AvqZb KZ Nb †m.wg.? (ga¨g) ( )
e¨vL¨v : †ej‡bi AvqZb = r2h =  2  10 = 490
K 200 L 400 M 1000  8000
42. K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? (ga¨g) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K 30.5  34.64 M 38.46 N 60
52. GKwU mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi f‚wgi e¨vmva© r Ges D”PZv h n‡j-
 wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 43 − 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. eµc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj = 2rh
wP‡Î OABCDEFG GKwU NbK, †hLv‡b AB = BC = AF = FG = 4 wgUvi| ii. AvqZb = 2r2h
iii. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 2r(r + h)
53. mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi f‚wgi e¨vmva© 3 †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 4
†m.wg. n‡j−
i. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 42 eM© †m.wg.
ii. f‚wgi †ÿÎdj = 9 eM© †m.wg.
43. OABCDEFG Nb‡Ki KY© OE Gi ˆ`N©¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) iii. AvqZb = 36 Nb †m.wg.
K 5.793 wgUvi  6.928 wgUvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)
M 9.321 wgUvi N 7.89 wgUvi
44. NbK OABCDEFG Gi mgMÖ Z‡ji †¶Îdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 96 eM©wgUvi L 78 eM©wgUvi
M 32 eM©wgUviN 64 eM©wgUvi
GKwU mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi D”PZv 10 †m.wg. Ges f‚wgi e¨vm 14 †m.wg.
45. NbKwUi AvqZb KZ? (KwVb)
54. mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi e¨vmva© KZ? (mnR)
K 75 NbwgUvi  64 NbwgUvi
K 5 †m.wg.  7 †m.wg. M 12 †m.wg. N 14 †m.wg.
M 32 NbwgUvi N 27 NbwgUvi 55. mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi AvqZb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (ga¨g)
K 1219.71 Nb †m.wg. (cÖvq)  1539.38 Nb †m.wg. (cÖvq)
167 : †ejb M 2078.37 Nb †m.wg. (cÖvq) N 4657.45 Nb †m.wg. (cÖvq)
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi e¨vL¨v : †ej‡bi AvqZb = r2h = 3.1416  72  10 Nb †m.wg.
= 1539.38 Nb †m.wg.
46. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †ej‡bi A‡¶i ˆ`N©¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ? (mnR) 56. mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi mgMÖ c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (KwVb)
 D”PZv L e¨vmva© K 2400 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)  747.7 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
M cwiwa N Pvc M 839.48 eM© †m.wg. (cÖ vq) N 12907 eM© †m.wg. (cÖvq)
47. †ej‡b f‚wgi e¨vmva© = r Ges D”PZv h n‡j †ej‡bi AvqZb KZ? (mnR) e¨vL¨v : mgMÖ c „ ‡ ôi †ÿÎdj = 2r (r + h)
2 = 2  3.1416  7  (7 + 10) †m.wg.
 r h L 2rh = 747.7008 eM© †m.wg.
1
M
2
r + h N r2h2  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 57 − 59 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
48. †ej‡bi e¨vmva© r I D”PZv h n‡j, Gi mgMÖ c„‡ôi †¶Îdj wP‡Î ABOC GKwU †ejb, †hLv‡b OB = 2 wgUvi Ges OC = 4 wgUvi|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU? (mnR)
K 2rh  2r(h+r)
M 2r2h2 N r (h + r)2
49. r e¨vmva© I h D”PZv wewkó †ej‡bi eµc„‡ôi †ÿÎdj wb‡Pi
†KvbwU? (mnR) 57. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †ejb ABOC Gi eµc„‡ôi †¶Îdj? (ga¨g)
K 38.121 eM©wgUvi  50.266 eM©wgUvi
K r 2 L rh
M 73.127 eM©wgUvi N 81.929 eM©wgUvi
 2rh N 2(r + h)
50. mge„Ëf‚wgK †ej‡bi f‚wgi †ÿÎdj 6 eM© †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 3 58. †ejb ABOC Gi mgMÖ c„‡ôi †¶Îdj KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
K 91.594 eM©wgUvi L 65.732 eM©wgUvi
†m.wg. n‡j Gi AvqZb KZ Nb †m.wg.? (ga¨g)
K3 L6 M 49.745 eM© w gUvi  75.398 eM©wgUvi
 18 N 54 59. †ejb ABCD Gi AvqZb KZ n‡e? (ga¨g)
e¨vL¨v : ¯^vfvweK AvqZb = f‚wgi †ÿÎdj  D”PZv  50.336 NbwgUvi L 38.579 NbwgUvi
= (6  3) Nb †m.wg. = 18 Nb †m.wg.| M 72.721 NbwgUvi N 91.725 NbwgUvi

60. GKwU Nb‡Ki KY© 6 3 wgUvi n‡j Gi AvqZb KZ? 66. GKwU m¤ú~Y© c„‡ôi †ÿÎdj 54 eM© †m.wg. n‡j Nb‡Ki
K 6 Nb wgUvi L 36 Nb wgUvi cÖwZwU evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?
M 72 Nb wgUvi  216 Nb wgUvi K 9 †m.wg. L 6 †m.wg.
61.  3 †m.wg. N 2 †m.wg.
3 †m.wg. 67. GKwU Nb‡Ki AvqZb A n‡j Gi evûi ˆ`N©¨ KZ?

3
K6 LA
cvBcwUi f‚wgi cwiwa KZ? A
K 4.71 †m.wg. L 6 †m.wg.  A
3
N 6 A
 18.85 †m.wg. N 28.27 †m.wg. 68. Nbe¯‘wUi−
62. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N~Y©vqgvb evûwU †ej‡bi− 5 †m.wg.
4 †m.wg.
 m„RK L Aÿ M eµZj N e¨vmva©
63. GKwU wmwjÛv‡ii e¨vm 4 †m.wg. Ges D”PZv 3 †m.wg. n‡j Gi 3 †m.wg.
i. KY© 7.07 †m.wg.
AvqZb KZ?
ii. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj 47 eM© †m.wg.
K 48 Nb †m.wg. L 24 Nb †m.wg.
iii. AvqZb 60 Nb †m.wg.
 12 Nb †m.wg. N 6 Nb †m.wg. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
64. GKwU AvqZvKvi Nb e¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ 2 †m.wg., cÖ¯’ 2 †m.wg. I K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
D”PZv 1 †m.wg. n‡j K‡Y©i ˆ`N©¨ KZ †m.wg.? 69. †KvY‡Ki D”PZv h Ges f‚wgi e¨vmva© r n‡j−
K 27 L 18 M 19  3 1
i. †KvY‡Ki AvqZb r2h ii. †KvY‡Ki AvqZb r2h
65. GKwU Kv‡Vi ev‡·i ˆ`N©¨ 5 †m.wg. cÖ¯’ 4 †m.wg. I AvqZb 3
iii. †ej‡bi AvqZb r2h
40 Nb †m.wg. n‡j D”PZv KZ †m.wg.?
K8 L6 Ki L i I ii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M4  2

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i.
1
H (A + B)
2
70. i.  Gi Avmbœ gvb 3.1416 1
ii.  D”PZv (mgvšÍivj evû `ywUi †hvMdj) eM© GKK
ii. e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© = r 2
1
iii. e„‡Ëi cwiwa = 2r iii. ( mgvšÍivj evû `ywUi †hvMdj) eM© GKK
2
Ki L i I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii Ki L i I ii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
  2r
71. i. e„ËPv‡ci ˆ`N©¨ S = 3600 75. i. †h wÎfz‡Ri GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY Zv‡K mg‡KvYx wÎfzR e‡j
1
ii. e„‡Ëi ˆ`N©¨‡K cwiwa e‡j mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
ii.
iii. Pv‡ci wWwMÖ cwigvc =  iii. GKwU wÎIfz‡Ri wZb evûi ˆ`‡N©ï †hvMdj‡K cwimxgv e‡j
Ki L i I ii M ii I iii i, ii I iii Ki L i I ii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
72. i. e¨vm e¨vmv‡a©i wØ¸Y 76. i. e¨vmva© I e¨vm mgvb
ii. e¨vmva© e¨v‡mi A‡a©K ii. e¨vmva©, e¨v‡mi A‡a©K
iii. e„Ë †K‡›`ª 360 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i iii. e¨vm, e¨vmv‡a©i wØ¸Y
Ki L i I ii M ii I iii i, ii I iii K i  i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
1 77. D”PZv = a GKK n‡j Nb‡Ki−
73. i. wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = 2  f‚wg  D”PZv
i. AvqZb = a3 Nb GKK
ii. (AwZfzR)2 = (j¤^)2 + (f‚wg)2 ii. mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 6a2 eM© GKK
iii. (f‚wg)2 = (AwZfzR)2 + (j¤^)2 iii. KY© = 2 a GKK
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Ki L i I ii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
74. UªvwcwRqv‡gi mgvšÍivj evû `ywU A I B Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ 78. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki :
j¤^ `~iZ¡ H. Z‡e UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj−
i. GKwU †Mvj‡Ki e¨vmva© r †m.wg. n‡j, Zvi c„ôZ‡ji Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
†ÿÎdj 4πr2 eM© †m.wg.
ii. GKwU i¤^‡mi KY©Ø‡qi AšÍfz©³ †KvY 90 DEF mgevû wÎfz‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨K evûi ˆ`N©¨ a wgUvi| evûi ˆ`N©¨ 2
iii. wÎfz‡Ri f‚wg 6 †m.wg. I D”PZv 5 †m.wg. n‡j, †ÿÎdj wgUvi e„w× Ki‡j bZzb wÎfz‡Ri evûi ˆ`N©¨ n‡jv (a + 2) wg.|
30 eM© †m.wg.
Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 80 Ñ 82 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
80. bZzb wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj KZ? (ga¨g)
3 2 3
Ki  i I ii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K a eM© wg. L (2a)2 eM© wg.
4 4
79. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : 3 3
i. AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K mg‡KvY mgwØLwÊZ K‡i M (a + 2)2 eM© wg.  (a + 2)2 eM© wg.
4 4
a = 5 wgUvi n‡j DEF Gi cwimxgv KZ?
1
ii. i¤^‡mi †ÿÎdj 2d1d2 eM© GK, hLb d1 I d2 Dnvi `ywU KY© 81. (ga¨g)
1 K 5 wg.  15 wg.
iii.UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj 2 (a + b)h eM© GKK hLb a I b
M 25 wg. N 75 wg.
mgvšÍivj evû Ges h Zv‡ì j¤^ `~iZ¡ 82. a = 2 n‡j cÖ`Ë `yB wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎd‡ji cv_©K¨ KZ? (ga¨g)
K 3 eM©wg. L 4 3 eM©wg.
Ki L i I ii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M 2 3 eM©wg.  3 3 eM©wg.

œ 1  GKwU KvM‡Ri UzKivi ˆ`N©¨
cÖk- 30 †m.wg. Ges cÖ¯’ 18 = 3.1416  182  30 Nb †m.wg.
†m.wg.| G KvMR w`‡q 18 †m.wg. D”PZvwewkó GKwU e„n`vKvi = 30536.352 Nb †m.wg. (cÖvq)
wmwjÛvi ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv| mgMÖZ‡ji †ÿÎdj = 2π (r + h) eM© GKK
= 2π  18  (18 + 30) eM© †m.wg.
K. wmwjÛv‡ii f‚wgi e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki| 2
= 3  3

Math Class 10 - Solution

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Math Class 10 - Solution

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mvaviY MwYZ

µwgK bs Aa¨vq c„ôv

cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

wb‡Y©q eM©g~j2265 (wZb `kwgK ¯’vb ch©šÍ) =    90 + 90  90

 a I b `yBwU wb‡Y©q Ag~j` msL¨v|

=          M. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, 5 GKwU Ag~j` msL¨v|

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (mnR)

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš ^Z e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

L cÖ`Ë 2q msL¨v 3 =17320508Ges 3q msL¨v 4 52 826 572 + 826 1398

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

83. A I B `ywU Ak~b¨ †mU n‡j− enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 120. A  B Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (ga¨g)

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

ÔLÕ †_‡K cvB, B = {4, 5, 6} x ≤ 7} Ges C = A  B

œ 8  A, B, C wZbwU †mU †hLv‡b,

œ 11  A = {x  N : x, 3 Gi ¸wYZK Ges x  12}

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

 22bs cª‡kœi mgvavb  P4=10%

GLv‡b †mU U Øviv H QvÎvev‡mi wkÿv_©x‡`i cQ‡›`i kZKiv

Avevi, K. U Ges P †mUØq‡K ZvwjKv c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 2

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

cvV m¤úwK©Z MyiæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

cÖkœ \ 7 \ hw` (y) = y3 + ky2 − 4y − 8 nq, Z‡e k Gi †Kvb

wb‡Y©q †mU C = {3, 5}

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

61. wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ Ki : L 2 4

i. f(x) Øviv x Gi dvskb †evSv‡bv nq

102. PM = KZ? (ga¨g)

wbe©vwPZ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš ^Z e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi

A byk xj b g ~j K K v‡R i A v‡j v‡K m„R b kxj cÖk œ I mg vavb

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

wbe©vwPZ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

m„R bkxj cÖk œe¨vsK DËimn

œ 17  A = {3, 6, 9, 12} Ges B = {x  N : 1  x  11 Ges x

Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„R bkxj cÖkœ I mgvavb

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I mgvavb

= (x + 2y)2 + 2  (x + 2y)  4z + (4z)2 = (1000 − 3)

= {(3p + 4q) − 5r}2 = (1000 + 7)

Avgiv Rvwb, (a + b)2 = (a − b)2 + 4ab  cÖ`Ë ivwk, x2 + x2 = ( ) − 2  x  1x

cÖkœ \ 4 \ a + b = 7 Ges ab = 12 n‡j a − b Gi gvb KZ? 1

= {( 7) − ( 5) }{( 7) + ( 5) } [gvb ewm‡q]

A_©vr, 8ab(a2 + b2) = 24 (cÖgvwYZ)

¸iæZ¡c~Y© enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

N a2 + b2 – c2 + 2ab − 2bc − 2ca

9. a + b = 3 Ges ab = 2 n‡j, a2 − ab + b2 Gi gvb KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi