1

g¨vwUª·
Group-1
Matrix: KZ¸‡jv msL¨v ev ivwk‡K AvqZKvi ev eM©vKv‡i mvwR‡q ( ) ev [ ] ev ‖ ‖ Øviv Ave× Ki‡j †h AvKvi cvIqv hvq Zv‡K
1 2
1 2 3  1 2
g¨vwUª‡· e‡j| Matrix mvaviYZ eo nv‡Zi Aÿi Øviv bvgKiY Kiv nq| †hgb: A    , B  3 4, C   
4 5 6 5 6  3 4

1 2 3 
f~w³ (Entry): †h me msL¨v ev ivwk Øvi Matrix MwVZ nq, Zv‡`i‡K fyw³ e‡j|†hgb- A    Gi fzw³¸‡jv 1,2,3,4,5,6
 4 5 6
mvwi : Matrix Gi Avbyf~wgK eivei fzw³ ¸‡jv Øviv mvwi MwVZ nq|
Kjvg : Matrix Gi Dj¤^ ev j¤^v eivei fzw³ ¸‡jv Øviv Kjvg MwVZ nq|
 1 2 3 1g mvwi
‡hgb: A   2 5 6 
  2q mvwi
 3 8 9
3q mvwi
1g 2q 3q
Kjvg Kjvg Kjvg
Matrix Gi Order ev µg ev ch©vq: Matrix Gi mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v‡K H Matrix Gi Order ev µg e‡j| ‡Kv‡bv Matrix
Gi mvwi msL¨v m Ges Kjvg n n‡j H Matrix Gi Order ev µg‡K m×n Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| cov nq, m by n.
1 2 1 2 3
1 2 3     
‡hgb- A    , B  3 4  , C   4 5 6 
 4 5 6  2 3 5 6 3 2 7 8 9  33
Note: n µ‡gi ev order Gi Matrix ej‡Z n×n †K eywS|
cÖkœ: wb‡Pi Matrix Gi Order ev µg ev ch©vq KZ ?
1 0 2
1 2 3 1 6 −1 ⎡7 8 9 ⎤
𝑎𝑏 𝑐 ⎢ ⎥
A= 6 5 4 ;B= 2 5 ;C = ;D= ⌈3 −1 0⌉;E= 3 ;F =⌈5⌉ ;G=⎢5 1 3 ⎥
23 1
7 8 9 3 4 6 ⎢𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 ⎥
⎢𝑒 𝑑 𝑓⎥
Answer: A Gi Order 3× 3 = 3; B Gi Order 3× 2; C Gi Order 2× 3; D Gi Order 1× 3;
E Gi Order 3× 1; F Gi Order 1=1× 1 ; G Gi Order 5× 3;

mvaviYfv‡e 𝐀 = 𝐚𝐢𝐣 †hLv‡b i  1,2,3,............m, j  1, 2,3,........n; ‡hLv‡b aij n‡”Q i Zg mvwii j Zg Kjv‡gi fzw³|
𝐦×𝐧
𝐚𝟏𝟏 𝐚𝟏𝟐 𝐚𝟏𝟑
hw` m  2, n  3 nq Z‡e, 𝐀 = 𝐚 , 𝐢 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑; 𝐣 = 𝟏, 𝟐
𝟐𝟏 𝐚𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝟐𝟑
 a11 a12 a13 
i  1, 2, 3
A  a 21 a 22 a 23 
j  1, 2, 3
a 31 a 32 a 33 
Note: (i) (1, 1) Zg fyw³ or a11 n‡”Q 1g mvwii 1g Kjv‡gi fzw³ (Entry)
(ii) ( 2, 3) Zg fyw³ or a 23 n‡”Q 2q mvwii 3q Kjv‡gi fzw³|
 9  4 2
A   2 1 0 g¨vwUª· Gi (1, 3) Ges (3, 3) Zg fyw³ `yBwUi †hvMdj x + 3n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
  1  1 1
K. 2 L. 1 M. 3 N. 0
Row/mvwi g¨vwUª·: ‡h Matrix Gi GKwU gvÎ mvwi Zv‡K mvwi Matrix e‡j|
A  1 2 3 414 B  311 C  1, 2, 3,..................n 1n
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Kjvg ev Column Matrix: ‡h Matrix GKwU gvÎ Kjvg Zv‡K Kjvg Matrix e‡j|
1
1  2
†hgb: A  311 B   2 C    or A  a11 11
3..
 3 31  
 n  n1
cÖkœ: wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU Kjvg ev mvwi g¨vwUª· ?
1 6 −1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
B= 2 5 ;C = ;D= ⌈3 −1 0⌉;E= 3 ;F =⌈5⌉
2 3 1
3 4 6
Answer:D mvwi g¨vwUª· .; E Kjvg g¨vwUª· .; F Kjvg Ges mvwi Dfq g¨vwUª·.
Group-2
eM© ev Square Matrix: ‡h Matrix Gi mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb Zv‡K Square ev eM© g¨vwUª· e‡j|
 a 11 a 12 a 13 
a a12 
‡hgb- A   11  A  a 21 a 22 a 23 
a21 a22  22
a 31 a 32 a 33  33
AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·: ‡h g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb, Zv‡K AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª· e‡j|
†hgb- A   12 2 3 ;hv 2  3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·|
  3 4 
cÖkœ: wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU eM© ev AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª· ?
1 0 2
1 2 3 1 6 −1 ⎡7 8 9⎤
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ⎢ ⎥
A = 6 5 4 ;B= 2 5 ;C = ;D= ⌈3 −1 0⌉;E= 3 ;F =⌈5⌉ ;G=⎢5 1 3⎥
2 3 1
7 8 9 3 4 6 ⎢𝑐 𝑏 𝑎 ⎥
⎢𝑒 𝑑 𝑓⎥
Answer:B,C ,D,E Ges G AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·. Ges A ,F eM© g¨vwUª·.
g~L¨ KY©/ Prncipal Diagonal: †h me fzw³ ‡Kv‡bv eM© Matrix Gi GKB mvwi Ges GKB Kjvg msL¨vq Aew¯’Z, †mB me fzw³ wb‡q
g~L¨ KY© MwVZ nq|
 a 11 a 12 a 13 

‡hgb- A  a 21 a 22 a 23  Matrix Gi g~L¨ K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv n‡”Q, a11, a22 , a33

a 31 a 32 a 33 
‡MŠY KY©: ‡h‡Kv‡bv eM© Matrix Gi `yBwU KY© _v‡K| g~L¨ KY© ev‡` Aewkó KY©‡K †MŠY KY© e‡j|
†hgb: A Matrix Gi †MŠY K‡Y©i fzw³ n‡”Q 𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑎
cÖkœ: wb‡Pi g¨vwUª· ¸‡jvi g~L¨ KY© ev ‡MŠY KY© we`¨vgvb _vK‡j Zv‡`i fzw³ ¸‡jv †jL?
1 2 3 1 6 𝑐 𝑎
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
A = 6 5 4 ;B= 2 5 ;C = ;D=
2 3 1 𝑑 𝑏
7 8 9 3 4
Answer:(i). A g¨vwUª· Gi g~L¨ K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv n‡”Q:1,5,9 Ges †MŠY K‡Y©i fzw³ n‡”Q: 3,5,7
(ii). B Ges C eM© g¨vwUª· bq , AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·. ZvB Gi g~L¨ Ges †MŠY KY© †bB.
(iii). D g¨vwUª· Gi g~L¨ K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv n‡”Q:c,d Ges †MŠY K‡Y©i fzw³ n‡”Q: a,d
KY© g¨vwUª· ev Diagonal Matrix: ‡h eM© g¨vwUª· Gi g~L¨ K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv k~b¨ A_ev Ak~b¨ Ges Aewkó fzw³ ¸wj k~b¨ Zv‡K KY©
3 0 0
g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb: B  0 4 0 
 
0 0 7 
weKí: GKwU eM© Matrix B †K KY© g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` bij  0, i  j Ges bij  0, i  j ev bij  0, i  j nq|

‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·: †h KY© Matrix Gi cÖavb K‡Y©i fzw³ ¸‡jv mgvb Zv‡K †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· e‡j|

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3 0 0
0 0 a 0  2 0 
†hgb: ; , , 0 3 0
0 0  0  
a  0 2
0 0 3
weKí: GKwU eM© Matrix B †K ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` bij  0, i  j Ges bij  a, i  j ev bij  0, i  j nq|
A‡f` ev GKK ev Identify or Unit Matrix: ‡h KY© g¨vwUª· Gi cÖavb K‡Y©i mKj fzw³ GK (1) Zv‡K GKK Matrix e‡j|
1 0 0 
1 0 
†hgb: 0 1 0  I3 I2   
 
0 0 1 0 1 

weKí: GKwU eM© Matrix B †K A‡f` ev GKK g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` bij  0, i  j Ges bij  1, i  j nq|
k~b¨ ev we‡`nx ev Zero ev Null Matrix : ‡h Matrix Gi mKj fzw³ k~b¨ (0), Zv‡K k~b¨ Matrix e‡j| k~b¨ Matrix †K mvaviYZ
0 0  0 0 0
0 0    
k~b¨ (0) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| †hgb, 
0 0   0; 0 0  0; 0 0 0  0
  0 0 0 0 0
cÖkœ: wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU KY© g¨vwUª· ev ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· ev A‡f` g¨vwUª· ev k~b¨ g¨vwUª· ?
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
A = 0 5 0 ;B = 0 5 3 ;C = 0 5 0 ;D = 0 5 0 ;E = 0 1 0 ;F = 0 0 0 ;
0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 2
0 1 1 0 𝑎 0 2 0
G = 0 2 0 ;H= ; I= ; J= ;K=
1 0 0 1 0 𝑏 0 3
2 0 0
Answer:(i). A,C,D,E,F,I,J,K g¨vwUª· ¸‡jv n‡”Q KY© g¨vwUª·.:(ii). D,E,F,I,g¨vwUª· ¸‡jv n‡”Q ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·.
(iii). E, ,I,g¨vwUª· ¸‡jv n‡”Q A‡f` g¨vwUª·.(iv). F g¨vwUª· n‡”Q k~b¨ g¨vwUª·.
Note: (i).mKj ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· n‡”Q KY© g¨vwUª· wKš‘ mKj KY© g¨vwUª· ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· bq|
(ii).mKj A‡f` ev GKK ev Identify or Unit Matrix g¨vwUª· n‡”Q KY© Ges ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· wKš‘ mKj KY© Ges ‡¯‹jvi
g¨vwUª· GKK g¨vwUª· bq|
 0 
1| A ,   N GKwU- (i) KY© g¨vwUª· (ii) A‡f`K g¨vwUª· (iii) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
0  
†KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
 0 
2| A ,   N
0  
(K) KY© g¨vwUª· (L) A‡f`K g¨vwUª· (M) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (N) k~b¨ g¨vwUª·

4 0 0
0 4 0 
3|   GKwU- (i) A‡f`K g¨vwUª· (ii) KY© g¨vwUª· (iii) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
0 0 4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
1 0 0
4| A  0 2 0 n‡j, AGKwU- (i) Diagonal Matrix (ii) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (iii) AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·:
0 0 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

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1 0 0
5| A  0 1 0 n‡j, AGKwU- (i) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (ii) eM© g¨vwUª· (iii) A‡f`K g¨vwUª·
0 0 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
1 0 0
6| A  0 1 0
0 0 1
(K) KY© g¨vwUª· (L) A‡f`K g¨vwUª· (M) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (N) k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
 5 0 0
7|
0 5 0 g¨vwUª·-(i) KY© g¨vwUª· (ii) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (iii) A‡f`K g¨vwUª·
 
0 0 5
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
1 0 0
8| A  0 2 0 n‡j, A GKwU -(i) KY© g¨vwUª· (ii) ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (iii) 3 3 g¨vwUª·
0 0 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

1 L 2 M 3 M 4 L 5 N
6 L 7 K 8 L

Group-3
g¨vwUª· Gi †Uªm: cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jvi †hvMdj‡K g¨vwUª·wUi †Uªm ejv nq |hw` B GKwU nq,Z‡e B Gi †Uªm‡K TrB or trB Øviv
7 11 2
cÖKvk Kiv nq| D`vniY ¯^iƒc, A = 15 19 13 ZLb, trA = (7 + 19 + 10) = 36
 1 5 10

a 0 0 
1|
0 a 0  g¨vwUª· Gi ‡Uªm KZ?
 
0 0 a 
K. 3a L. 3 M. 9 N. 0
a 0 0 
2|
0 a 0  g¨vwUª· Gi ‡Uªm 9 n‡j, a Gi gvb KZ?
 
0 0 a 
K. 3 L. 3 M. 9 N. 0
0 1
3. H= g¨vwUª· Gi ‡Uªm KZ?
1 0
K. 3 L. 3 M. 9 N. 0

1 K. 2 K. 3 N.

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Group-4
wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª·: †h eM© g¨vwUª· A = a Gi gyL¨ ev cÖavb K‡Y©i wb‡Pi ev Dc‡ii me¸wj fzw³ k~b¨ (0) Zv‡K EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi
×
2 1 −1 1 0 0 
g¨vwUª· ejv nq| D`vnviY: U = 0 2 1 ; B = 2 3 0 nj 33AvK…wZi Lower triangular matrix
0 0 −3 4 5 6
EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· (Upper Tringuler Matrix): †h eM© g¨vwUª· A = a Gi gyL¨ ev cÖavb K‡Y©i wb‡Pi me¸wj fzw³ k~b¨
×
(0) Zv‡K EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· ejv nq|
2 1 −1 1 2 3
D`vnviY: U = 0 2 1 GKwU 3 µ‡gi EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi Ges A = 0 4 5 nj 33AvK…wZi upper triangular matrix.
0 0 −3 0 0 6
wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· (Lower Tringuler Matrix): †h eM© g¨vwUª· A = a Gi gyL¨ ev cÖavb K‡Y©i Dc‡ii me¸wj fzw³
×
k~b¨ (0) n‡j Zv‡K wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· ejv nq|
3 0 0 1 0 0 
D`v:L = −4 −1 0 GKwU 3µ‡gi wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi Ges B= 2 3 0 nj 33AvK…wZi Lower triangular matrix.
4 2 −3 4 5 6
2 4 9 
1| 0  3 2  GKwU --(i) eM© g¨vwUª· hvi ‡Uªm 6 (ii) wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· (iii) EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª·|
 
0 0 7 
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
3 0 0
2| −4 −1 0 GKwU --(i) 3 3 g¨vwUª· hvi ‡Uªm −1 (ii) wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· (iii) EaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª·|
4 2 −3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

iæcvšÍwiZ ev we¤^ ev Transpose Matrix t †Kv‡bv Matrix Gi mvwi¸‡jv‡K Kjv‡g Ges Kjvg¸‡jv‡K mvwi‡Z cwieZ©b Ki‡j †h
Matrix cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K cÖ`Ë Matrix Gi Transpose Matrix e‡j |hw` A GKwU Matrix nq, Z‡e Gi iæcvšÍwiZ ev we¤^
ev Transpose g¨vwUª·‡K AT ev 𝑨 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 7 11 2  7 11 2 7 15 1
D`vniY ¯^iƒc, A = 15 19 13 then AT = 15 19 13 = 11 19 5
 1 5 10 1 5 10 2 13 10
𝑎 1 𝑎 1 𝑻
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
B= then BT = = 𝑏 2 and . (𝑩𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑏 2 = =B
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
𝑐 3 𝑐 3
(𝒊). (𝑨𝑩) = 𝑩 𝑨 (ii) (𝑨 ± 𝑩) = 𝑨 ± 𝑩𝑻 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). (𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑨 (𝒗𝒊). ((𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 )𝑻
𝑻 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻
= 𝑨𝑻 (𝒗). ((𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 )𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑨

(3) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Symmetric Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· 𝐴 = 𝑎 ×

†K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` 𝐴 = 𝐴 nq, A_©vr
𝑎 = 𝑎 nq|
1 2 −3 1 2 −3
D`vnviY: 𝐴 = 2 −7 4 n‡j 𝐴 = 2 −7 4 A_©vr 𝐴 = 𝐴 myZivs A n‡jv GKwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|
−3 4 1 −3 4 1
𝒂 𝒌 𝒅
cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Symmetric Matrix) Gi mvaviY AvKvi: 𝒌 𝒃 −𝒂
𝒅 −𝒂 𝒄
Note : 𝐴 eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j 𝐴 + 𝐴 GKwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|

(4) wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Skew Symmeric Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· 𝐴 = 𝑎 ×

†K wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw`
𝐴 = −𝐴 nq, A_©vr 𝑎 = −𝑎 nq|

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0 3 4 0 −3 −4 0 1 4
D`vnviY: 𝐴 = −3 0 7 n‡j 𝐴 = 3 0 −7 = − −3 0 7 = −𝐴 A_©vr 𝐴 = −𝐴
−4 −7 0 4 7 0 −4 −7 0
myZivs A n‡jv GKwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|
D‡jøL¨ †h, cÖ‡Z¨K wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· Gi cÖavb K‡Y©i fzw³ mg~n ïb¨, A_©vr 𝑎 = 0 hLb 𝑖 = 𝑗|
𝟎 𝒌 𝒅
wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Skew Symmeric Matrix)Gi mvaviY AvKvi: −𝒌 𝟎 −𝒂
−𝒅 𝒂 𝟎
Note : 𝐴 eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j 𝐴 − 𝐴 GKwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|
cÖkœ: wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ev wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ?
1 0 0 1 −5 0 1 −2 1 0 4 −2 0 3 0
A = 0 5 0 ;B = 5 5 3 ;C = −2 5 4 ;D = −4 0 −1 ;E = 3 0 −4 ;
0 0 9 0 −3 9 1 4 0 2 1 0 0 −4 0
0 0 0 1 0 2
0 1 1 0 𝑎 0
F = 0 0 0 ; G = 0 2 0 ;H= ; I= ; J=
1 0 0 1 3 𝑏
0 0 0 1 2 3
Answer:(i). A,C,E,F,H,I, g¨vwUª· ¸‡jv n‡”Q cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (ii) D,F g¨vwUª· ¸‡jv n‡”Q wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·.
(iii). B, G, J g¨vwUª· ¸‡jv cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ev wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ‡KvbwU bq|
1 0 0
1| A  0 2 0 n‡j, A GKwU -(i) KY© g¨vwUª· (ii) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (iii) wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
0 0 3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
0 a b
2| A   a 0  c  n‡j, A GKwU - (i) eM© g¨vwUª· (ii) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (iii) wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
  b c 0 
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
k a b 
3| A  a m c  n‡j, A GKwU -(i) 3 3 g¨vwUª· (ii) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (iii) wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
b c n
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
  4  b  2
4|

a,b Gi gvb KZ n‡j 0 5 a  g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg n‡e?

 2 4 0 
K. −4,0 L. 2,0 M. −2 ,0 N.4,0
 0  b 2
5|

a,b Gi gvb KZ n‡j 0 0 a  g¨vwUª·wU wecÖwZmg n‡e?

 2 4 0 
K. −4,0 L. 2,0 M. −2 ,0 N.4,0
6| ‡KvbwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡e?
5 5 1 1 5 1  1 3  1  1 3  1

K. 4 2 2
 
L. 4  2 2
   
M. 4 0 2 N. 3  2 4

       
1 6 6 1 6 2 1 6 4   1 4 2 
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7| ‡KvbwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡e?
1 3  1 0 3  1 0 3  1 0  3  1

K. 3  2 4
 
L. 3 0 4    
M. 4 0 2 N. 3 0 4 
     
 1 4 2  1  4 0  1 6 0  1  4 0 

a  h  g
8| hw` abc0 nq Z‡e
h h  f  g¨vwUª· †Kvb cÖKv‡ii g¨vwUª·?
 
g f c 
K) KY© g¨vwUª· L) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· M) wecÖwZmg g¨vwU· N) k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
9| 𝐴 eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j 𝐴 + 𝐴 †Kvb cÖKv‡ii g¨vwUª·?
K) KY© g¨vwUª· L) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· M) wecÖwZmg g¨vwU· N) k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
10| 𝐴 eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j 𝐴 − 𝐴 †Kvb cÖKv‡ii g¨vwUª·?
K) KY© g¨vwUª· L) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· M) wecÖwZmg g¨vwU· N) k~b¨ g¨vwUª·

1 K 2 L 3 L 4 K. 5 K
6 N. 7 N. 8 M 9 L 10 M

Group-5
2 3 2k 3k  2 3 20 30
Matrix Gi †¯‹jvi ¸Yb: k     , 10  
4 5 4k 5k  4 5 40 50
`yBwU Matrix Gi †hvM ev we‡qvM †hvM¨Zv: `yBwU Matrix †hvM ev we‡qvM †hvM¨ n‡e hw` Matrix `yBwU GKB Order ev µ‡gi nq|
hw` GKB Order ev µ‡gi bv nq, Zvn‡j Matrix `yBwU †hvM ev we‡qvM †hvM¨ n‡e bv|
 c11 c12 
a a12 a13  b b b13 
‡hgb : A   11  , B   11 12 , C  c21 c22 
a21 a22 a23  23 b21 b22 b23  23
c31 c32  3 2
a a12 a13  b11 b12 b13   a11  b11 a12  b12 a13  b13 
A  B   11  
a21 a22 a23  b21 b22 b23   a21  b21 a22  b22 a23  b23 
wKš‘ A  C  m¤¢e bq Ges B  C m¤¢e bq [KviY Zviv GKB Order Gi bq]

2  5 1  1  2  3
1. hw` A    Ges B    nq Z‡e 3 A  4 B Ges 3 A  4 B wbY©q Ki|
3 0  4 0  1 5 
2  5 1  1  2  3
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, A    Ges B   
3 0  4 0  1 5 
2  5 1  1  2  3
 3 A  4 B  3   4 
3 0  4 0  1 5 
6  15 3  4  8  12 6  4  15  8 3  12  10  23  9
   
9 0  12 0  4 20  9  0 0  4  12  20  9  4 8 
 

2  5 1  1  2  3 6  15 3  4  8  12
 3 A  4 B  3   4    
3 0  4 0  1 5  9 0  12 0  4 20 
6  4  15  8 3  12  2  7 15 
   
9  0 0  4  12  20 9 4  32
MCQ:
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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1  2 3  2 3 5 
1. A  Ges B  n‡j A + B = (05-06)
5 1  4   1 4  6

A. 
2 2 5
C. 
3 1 8  1 3 4
 B. 6 5 10  D. †KvbwUB bq
1 2 4
     5 6 7 
1 
2. A    Ges B  2 3 n‡j †hvMdj KZ?(08-09)
6

A.  
3
B.[3 9] C.[8 4] D. †hvM Kiv hv‡e bv
9
Soln: [D] ; hw` `yBwU Matrix GKB Order ev µ‡gi bv nq, Zvn‡j Matrix `yBwU †hvM ev we‡qvM †hvM¨ n‡e bv|
1 2 3 4
3.. X    , Y  6 7  n‡j XY = KZ? (11-12)
4  3  
2 2  2 2   2 2 2  2 2 2 
A.   B.   C.   D.   E.  
 2 10  2  10  2  10   2 10   2 10 
3 5 1 
4| A  4 0 2 n‡j A  2I  ? [iv-17]
1 6 4
5 5 1 1 5 1  1 3  1  1 3  1

K. 4 2 2
 
L. 4  2 2
   
M. 4 0 2 N. 2  2 0

       
1 6 6 1 6 2 1 6 4   1 4 2 

1 L 2 N. 3 M. 4 L.

Group-6
Matrix Gi ¸Yb
`yBwU Matrix Gi ¸Yb †hvM¨Zv: `yBwU Matrix ¸Yb †hvM¨ n‡e hw` 1g Matrix Gi Kjvg msL¨v Ges wØZxq Matrix Gi mvwii msL¨v
mgvb nq| CQ prat:
b11 b12 
 a11 a12 a13   c11 c12 c13 
‡hgb, A    Ges B  b21 a22  , C  
a21 a22 a33  23  
c21 c22 c23 
b31 b32  3 2
b11 b12 
a a12 a13    a11b11  a12 a21  a13b31 a11b12  a12b22  a13b31 
GLv‡b, AB   11 b21 a22   
 a21 a22 a33   a21b11  a22b21  b23b31 a21b12  a22b22  a23b32 
b31 b32 
 a11 a12 a13   c11 c12 c13 
wKš‘ AC   ¸Yb m¤¢e bq,
 a21 a22 a33  23 c21 c22 c23  23
KviY 1g g¨vwUª· Gi Kjvg I wØZxq g¨vwUª· Gi mvwi msL¨v mgvb bq|
𝟏 𝟐
𝟒 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
1. 𝑨 = 𝟑 𝟒 , 𝑩 = Ges 𝑪 = n‡j, AB Ges BC wbY©q Ki| BA wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e wK?
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟎 𝟏
1 2 4+4 3+2 8 5
4 3
mgvavb: 𝐴𝐵 = 3 4 = 12 + 8 9 + 4 = 20 13
2 1
0 1 0+2 0+1 2 1
4 3 1 2 4+6 8+9 10 17
𝐵𝐶 = = =
2 1 2 3 2+2 4+3 4 7
B Gi gvÎv 2 × 2 Ges A Gi gvÎv 3 × 2
†h‡nZz, B Gi Kjvg msL¨v (2)  A Gi mvwi msL¨v (3); myZivs, BA wbY©q m¤¢e bq|

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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 3  4 2 1 2  2
2. A   2 1 0 Ges B  2 5  4 n‡j †`LvI †h, AB  BA  I3
 
   
  1  1 1  3 7  5
 3  4 2 1 2  2 
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, A   2 1 0 Ges B  2 5  4
 
   
  1  1 1  3 7  5
 3  4 2 1 2  2   3  8  6 6  20  14  6  16  10 1 0 0
GLv‡b, AB   2 1 0 2 5  4   2  2  0  4  5  0
    4  4  0   0 1 0  I 3
    
  1  1 1 3 7  5   1  2  3  2  5  7 2  4  5  0 0 1 
1 2  2  3  4 2   3  4  2  4  2  2 2  0  2 1 0 0
Ges BA  2 5  4  2 1 0   6  10  4  8  5  4 4  0  4  0 1 0  I3
    
3 7  5   1  1 1  9  14  5  12  7  5 6  0  5 0 0 1
AB  BA  I3 [cÖgvwYZ]
4
1 2 3  
3. A  
4 5 6  , B   6 , C  1 2  5 6 n‡j ( AB)C wbY©q Ki|
   1
4
1 2 3
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, A    , B   6 , C  1 2  5 6
4 5 6
 1
4
1 2 3   1.4  2.6  3.( 1)   4  12  3  13 
GLv‡b, AB    6     
 4 5 6  1 4.4  5.6  6.(1)  16  30  6 40
 
13  13.1 13.2 13.( 5) 13.6  13 26  65 78 
 ( AB)C    1 2  5 6     
40 40.1 40.2 40(5) 40.6 40 80  200 240
2
1  1 1 3 0  
4. A.
0 2 , B  2 0 1 Ges C  3 n‡j, cÖgvY Ki †h, ( AB)C  A( BC)
    1 
2
1  1 1 3 0  
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, A   , B  2 0 1 Ges C  3
0 2    1 
1  1 1 3 0 1.1  (1).2 1.3  (1).0 1.0  (1)1  1 3  1
GLv‡b, AB         
0 2  2 0 1  0.1  2.2 0.3  2.0 0.0  2.1  4 0 2
 2
 1 3  1    1.2  3.3  ( 1).1  6 
( AB )C     3    
 4 0 2  1   4.2  0.3  2.1  10
 
 2
1 3 0   1.2  3.3  0.1 11
Avevi, BC     3    
2 0 1 1  2.2  0.3  1.1  5 
 

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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1  1 11 1.11  (1).5  6 

 A(BC )          (AB)C A(BC) (cÖgvwYZ)
0 2   5   0.11  2.5  10
1 3 2 
5. A   2 0 3  n‡j, A  2A  A  2.I Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
3 2
 
1  1 1 
1 3 2
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, A  2 0 3
 
1  1 1 
1 3 2 1 3 2 1  6  2 3  0  2 2  9  2 9 1 13
GLv‡b, A  A. A  2 0 3 2 0 3   2  0  3 6  0  3 4  0  3
2
 5 3 7 
     
1  1 1  1  1 1   1  2  1 3  0  1 2  3  1  0 2 0 
1 3 2 9 1 13 9  15  4 1  9  4 13  21  0 20 14 34 
A  A. A   2 0 3 5 3 7 
3 2
 18  0  6 2  0  6 26  0  0   12 8 26
1  1 1  0 2 0   9  5  2 1  3  2 13  7  0   2 0 6 
 20 14 34  9 1 13 1 3 2 1 0 0 
 A  2A  A  2I  12 8 26  2 5 3 7    2 0 3  2 0 1 0
3 2      
 2 0 6  0 2 0  1  1 1  0 0 1
20 14 34  18 2 26 1 3 2 2 0 0
 12 8 26  10 6 14   2 0 3  0 2 0
 2 0 6   0 4 0  1  1 1  0 0 2
 20  18  1  2 14  2  3  0 34  26  2  0 1 15 10
 12  10  2  0 8  6  0  2 26  14  3  0   4 0 15
 2  4  1  0 0  4 1 0 6  0  1  2  7  5 5 

6. hw` A = 61 75 , B = 01 12 nq, Zvn‡j AB = ?

   

Soln:AB = 61 75 . 01 12 =  1.0  5(1)  1.2  5.1 =  75 19
3  Ans.
     6.0  7(1) 6.2  7.1   
MCQ prat:
1. hw` A =  10 05 , B   52 01  nq, ZLbABnq-(03-04)
   
A.  5 0  B.  5 0  C.  6 0  D.  8 1 
 2 5 10 5   2 6 12 5 
2 hw` A =  02 -03  , B =  35 01  nq, Z‡e AB mgvb- (05-06)
   
1  2
A.  6 0 
B.  3  1
  C.  1 0
D.  
  15  3    2 15 
   2  5   0 5 
 2 3 1 0 
3.. hw` X    Ges Y    Zv n‡j XY=? (04-05)
  4  5  0 1 
A.-X B.X C.Y D.-Y
n
Sol : [B] †h †Kvb g¨vwU· †K Identity matrix Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j GKB matrix _v‡K|
4. hw` g¨vwUª· A = [2 1 3] nq Ges I GKwU 3  3 BDwbU g¨vwU· nq Zvn‡j AI=(11-12)
A. 0 B. [0 0 0] C. [2 1 3] D. AmsÁvwqZ
Soln: [C] †h †Kvb g¨vwÆ· †K BDwbU g¨vwÆ· Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j GKB _v‡K|
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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1 5 1 1 0 0
5.|
 4  2 2 0 1 0  = ?
  
1 6 2 0 0 1
5 5 1 1 5 1  1 3  1  1 3  1

K. 4 2 2
 
L. 4  2 2
   
M. 4 0 2 N. 2  2 0

       
1 6 6 1 6 2 1 6 4   1 4 2 

6. hw` A =  23 -23  nq, Z‡e A2 mgvb- (04-05)

 
A.  12
5 12 
5 
B.  512 512  C.   5 12  D.   5  12 
    12  5   5 
   12
1 0 0
 
7.| A= 0 1 0 n‡j 𝑨𝟓 = ?
 
0 0 1
5 5 1 1 5 1  1 3  1 1 0 0

K. 4 2 2
 
L. 4  2 2
   
M. 4 0 2 N. 0 1 0

       
1 6 6 1 6 2 1 6 4  0 0 1
1 0 0
 
8.| X= 0 1 0 n‡j 𝑿 𝟓
=?
 
0 0 1
5 5 1 1 5 1  1 3  1 1 0 0

K. 4 2 2
 
L. 4  2 2
   
M. 4 0 2 N. 0 1 0

       
1 6 6 1 6 2 1 6 4  0 0 1
9. hw` X = [a b] Ges Y = [b a], Zv n‡j XY n‡e(05-06)
ab 
K. [2ab] L [ab ab] M. C.   N. [0] E. m¤¢e bq
ab 
Avgiv Rvwb, 1g matrix Gi Kjvg I 2q matrix Gi mvwi mgvb n‡jB †Kej matrix ¸Yb m¤¢e| GLv‡b X Gi Kjvg I Y Gi
mvwi equal bv| So ¸Y Kiv m¤¢e bq|
1 L 2 K. 3 L 4 M 5 L
6 N. 7 N. 8 N. 9 E.

prat 2
`yBwU g¨vwUª· Gi mgZv: `yBwU g¨vwUª· Gi mgvb nIqvi kZ© n‡”Q (i) g¨vwUª· `yBwU GKB order Gi n‡e (ii) g¨vwUª· `yBwUi
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
Abyiƒc(Corresponding entry) fyw³ mgvb n‡e .‡hgb: A= Ges B = g¨vwUª· `yBwU mgvb.
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝒌 𝒎 𝟐 𝟓
Avevi, = ⇒ k = 2;m = 5; y = 7 and x = 9
𝟕 𝟗 𝒚 𝒙
3 2   x  5
1.        n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ? (09-10)
1  2   y  7 
A. –3, 2 B. 3, –2 C. 3, 2 D. 2, 3 E. ï× DËi †bB
2. 
3 2 x 5 
     n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ? (05-06)
1  2  y  7 
A. x = –2, y = 3 B. x = 2, y = –3
C. x = 2, y = 3 D. ï× DËi †bB E. mgvavb m¤¢e bq
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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3 0 0 x   9 
3. 0 g¨vwUª·wU mgvavb Ki‡j = KZ? (06-07)
 2 0   y     4 
 0 0 5   z   15 

A. (0, 0, 0) B. (3, -2, 3) C. (3, -2, -3) D. (0, -2, 0) E. (0, 0, 3)

1 L 2 N. 3 L

Group-7
𝑻 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻 𝑻 (𝒊𝒊𝒊).
(𝒊). (𝑨𝑩) = 𝑩 𝑨 (ii) (𝑨 ± 𝑩) = 𝑨 ± 𝑩 (𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑨 (𝒗𝒊). ((𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑨𝑻 (𝒗). ((𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 )𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑨

S,T :1.hw` `ywU g¨vwUª· A I B h_vµ‡g mn Ges np µghy³ nq Ges A I B Gi ¸Ydj‡K AB g¨vwUª· Øviv m~wPZ
Kiv nq Z‡e AB g¨vwUª‡·i µghy³ n‡e- mp.
2. hw` GKB µghy³ ( mn) `ywU g¨vwUª· A I B nq Z‡e A ± B g¨vwUª‡·i µg n‡e mn
1. A Ges B g¨vwUª· `ywUi gvÎv (order) h_vµ‡g 23 Ges 35 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (06-07)
K.BA msÁvwqZ bq L..ABmsÁvwqZ bq M. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 25 N.. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 33
2. g¨vwUª· A Gi gvÎv 24 Ges g¨vwU· B Gi gvÎv 43 n‡j, AB-Gi gvÎv (11-12)
K.. 2  3 L. 4  2 M.. 3  2 N. 3  4
3.| A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 2 n‡j, BA g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 3 4 M. 4 3 N. 3 2
4.| A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 2 n‡j, AB g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 3 4 M. 4 3 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
5. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 2 3 n‡j, B + A g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 4 3 N. 3 2
6.| A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 2 3 n‡j, B− A g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 4 3 N. 3 2
7. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 2 3 n‡j, A −B g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 4 3 N. 3 2
8. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4  3 n‡j, A BT g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 4 3 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
9. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4  3 n‡j, B A g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
T

K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 4 3 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
10. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2  4 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 3 n‡j, B AT g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ? T

K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 3 2 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
11.| A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2  4 Ges g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 3 n‡j, (AB)T g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 3 2 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
12. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2  4 ,g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 3 Ges C g¨vwUª‡·i µg 3 4 n‡j, (AB) C g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 3 2 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
13. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2  4 ,g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 3 Ges C g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2  4 n‡j, (BT AT) C g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 3 2 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
14. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2  4 ,g¨vwUª‡·i B µg 4 3 Ges C g¨vwUª‡·i µg 3 4 n‡j, (AB)T C g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ?
K. 2 4 L. 2 3 M. 3 2 N. AB Gi µg msÁvwqZ bq|
15. A, B Ges C g¨vwUª·¸‡jvi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4  5, 5  4 Ges 4  2 n‡j (AT + B) C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡eÑ [BUET 10-11]
K.. 5  4 L. 4  2 M .5 2 N. 2  5
Sol : [C], A Gi gvÎv 5  4; (A + B) Gi gvÎv 5  4  (AT + B) C Gi gvÎv 5  2
n T T

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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 13
16. A, B Ges C g¨vwUª·¸‡jvi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4  5, 5  4 Ges 4  2 n‡j (AT −B) C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡eÑ [BUET 10-11]
K.5  4 L.. 4  2 M. 5 2 N. 2  5
n T T
Sol : [C],A Gi gvÎv 5  4; (A −B) C Gi gvÎv 5  4  (AT −B) C Gi gvÎv 5  2
1 M 2 K 3 M 4 N 5 L
6 L 7 L 8 K 9 N 10 M
11 M 12 K 13 N 14 N 15 M
16 M

Group-8
wbY©vqK t
†Kv‡bv eM© Matrix †K `yBw`‡K `yBwU Dj¤^ †iLv Øviv Ave× Ki‡j †h AvKvi cvIqv hvq Zv‡K wbY©vqK e‡j |
wbY©vqK †K mvavibZ D = Det(matrix) = |𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱| Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq |
 a11 a12 a13  𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
†hgb, A  a 21 a22 
a23  Matrix Gi wbY©vqK AvKvi Det(A) = |𝐴| = 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
 a31 a32 a33 

𝑎 𝑏 a b
Ges B = Matrix Gi wbY©vqK AvKvi Det(B) B   ad  bc
𝑐 𝑑 c d
2 4 2 4
𝐴=  |𝐴| = = 12 − 12 = 0;
3 6 3 6
−2 4 −2 4
𝐵=  |𝐵| = = −12 − 12 = −24
3 6 3 6
 3 4 2 3 4 2
 
Ges A  4 2 3  A  4 2 3  3(8  9)  4(16  6)  2(12  4)  3  40  16  27  0
 
2 3 4 2 3 4
2 3 −4
𝐶 = 1 0 −2
1 −5 6
2 3 −4
GLb, |𝐶| = 1 0 −2 = 2(0 − 10) − 3(6 + 2) − 4(−5 + 0) = −20 − 24 + 20 = −24
1 −5 6

g¨vwUª· I wbY©vq‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ (Diffrence between Matrix and Determinants)

g¨vwUª· I wbY©vq‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbæiƒc:
g¨vwUª· wbY©vqK
1. g¨vwUª· AvqZvKvi ev eM©vKvi †h †Kv‡bv AvK…wZi n‡Z cv‡i| 1. wbY©vqK me©`vB eM©vK…wZi n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr wbY©vq‡Ki mvwi
A_©vr g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb n‡Z cv‡i Avevi bvI Ges Kjvg msL¨v memgq mgvb nq|
n‡Z cv‡i|
2. g¨vwUª·‡K Z…Zxq eÜbx [ ] A_ev cÖ_g eÜbx ( ) A_ev `yB 2. wbY©vqK‡K `yBwU Dj¤^ †iLv | | Gi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq|
†Rvov Dj¤^ †iLv ‖ ‖Gi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk 1 3
†hgb: 𝐴 =
1 3 1 3 1 3 5 6
Kiv nq| †hgb: 𝐴 = ev ev
5 6 5 6 5 6
3. g¨vwUª‡·i gvb wbY©q Kiv hvq bv| 3. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbY©q Kiv hvq|
4. †Kv‡bv g¨vwUª·‡K †h †Kvb msL¨v (k) Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j H 4. †Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki †h †Kvb msL¨v (k) Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j H
g¨vwUª‡·i cÖwZwU fzw³‡KB H msL¨v (k) Øviv wbY©vq‡Ki GKwU mvwi ev Kjv‡gi fzw³‡K H msL¨v (k) Øviv ¸Y
3 4 5 3𝑘 4𝑘 5𝑘 1 2 3 𝑘 2 3
¸Y Kiv eySvq| †hgb: 𝑘 2 3 1 = 2𝑘 3𝑘 𝑘 Kiv‡K eySvq| †hgb: 𝑘 2 4 6 = 2𝑘 4 6
5 4 6 5𝑘 4𝑘 6𝑘 3 2 1 3𝑘 2 1

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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wbY©vq‡Ki Abyivwk (Minor)t ‡Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki †Kv‡bv fzw³i mvwi Ges Kjvg eivei me fzw³ ev` w`‡q Aewkó fzw³ Øviv MwVZ wbY©vq‡K
 a11 a12 a13 
H fzw³i Abyivwk e‡j | ‡hgb t A  a 21 a22 a23  n‡j-

 a31 a32 a33 
a21 a23 a22 a23
A wbY©vq‡Ki a12 fzw³i Abyivwk   Ges a11 fzw³i Abyivwk 
a31 a33 a33 a33
wbY©vq‡Ki mn¸YK t wbY©vq‡Ki †Kv‡bv fzw³i AYyivwki Av‡M h_vh_ wPý (aYvZ¥K / FYvZ¥K ) emv‡j Zv‡K H fzw³i mn¸YK e‡j |
a22 a23
‡hgb t A wbY©vq‡Ki a11 fzw³i mn¸YK 𝐴  1  1  2 ,hv ‡Rvo
a33 a33
a21 a23
Ges A wbY©vq‡Ki a12 fzw³i mn¸YK 𝐴  1  2  3 , hv we‡Rvo
a31 a33
Note: ‡Kv‡bv fzw³i mvwi Ges Kjv‡gi †hvMdj †Rvo n‡j H fzw³i mn¸Y‡Ki mvg‡b †hvM (+) wPý Ges we†hvMdj we‡Rvo n‡j H
fzw³i mnMyY‡Ki mvg‡b we‡qvM wPý (Ñ) nq |
2 3 −4 2 3 −4
‡hgb t 𝐴 = 1 0 −2 Ges |𝐴| = 1 0 −2
1 −5 6 1 −5 6
0 −2 0 −2
(1,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = 0 − 10 = −10 Ges mn¸bK,𝐴 = = 0 − 10 = −10
−5 6 −5 6
1 −2 1 −2
(1,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = (6 + 2) = 8 Ges mn¸bK𝐴 = − = −(6 + 2) = −8
1 6 1 6
1 0 1 0
(1,3) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = −5 − 0 = −5 Ges mn¸bK mn¸bK𝐴 = = −5
1 −5 1 −5
3 −4
(2,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = (18 − 20) = −2
−5 6
3 −4
Ges mn¸bK𝐴 = − = −(18 − 20) = 2
−5 6
2 −4 2 −4
(2,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk= = 12 + 4 = 16 Ges mn¸bK𝐴 = = 12 + 4 = 16
1 6 1 6
2 3 2 3
(2,3) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = (−10 − 3) = −13 Ges mn¸bK𝐴 = − = 13
1 −5 1 −5
3 −4 3 −4
(3,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk= = −6 + 0 = −6 Ges mn¸bK𝐴 = = −6 + 0 = −6
0 −2 0 −2
2 −4 2 −4
(3,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = (−4 + 4) = 0 Ges mn¸bK 𝐴 = − =0
1 −2 1 −2
2 3 2 3
(3,3) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = = 0 − 3 = 3 Ges mn¸bK𝐴 = =0−3 =3
1 0 1 0
|𝐵| = 2 −4
1 6
(1,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = 6 Ges mn¸bK = 6
(1,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = 1 Ges mn¸bK = −1
(2,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = −4 Ges mn¸bK = −(−4) = −4
(2,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = 2 Ges mn¸bK = −2
 1 2 3 
1|
0 1  2 G (1, 2) Zg fyw³i mn¸YK †KvbwU?

 1 0 2 
K. –4 L.  2 M. 2 N. 4
 2 3
2| A  n‡j- (i) A Gi gvb –7 (ii) (1, 2)Zg fzw³i mn¸YK 5 (iii) (2, 1) Zg fzw³i AYyivwk 3
 5 4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
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1 3
3| wbY©vqKwUi-
2 4
(i) gvb = 10 (ii) (1, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK = 2 (iii) (2, 1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = –3
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
3 3 0
4| D   4 1 0 n‡j,
5 6 1
(i) D Gi gvb 15 (ii) (3, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK = 0 (iii) (1, 3) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk = –29
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
P 0 2
5. D  3 1 1 GwU wbY©vqK|D Gi (1, 3) Zg mn¸YK Gi gvb KZ?
7 2 2
K. 13 L.  13 M. 42 N. 0
1 0 2
6|   3 4 6 n‡j a 21  3 Gi Rb¨ Abyivwk Gi gvb KZ?
 
1 3 7
1
K) 6 L) 6 M) 0 N) 
6
1 M 2 L 3 L 4 N 5 L
6 L
Prat 2
Note: wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb zero nq A_ev wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc
Dcv`vb¸‡jv GKwU AciwUi ¸wbZK n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb zero nq
1 1 1
1. wbY©vqK 2 1 2 Gi gvb KZ? (04-05)
3 1 3
A.10 B.9 C.0 D. -8
3
10 1 1
2. 10 4 2 10 Gi gvb‡K  ai‡j, (04-05)
10 5 3 10 2

A.  > 0 B. < 0 C. Gi gvb bvB D. = 0

1 1 x
3. x- Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2 2 2  0 n‡e? (07-08)
3 4 5
A. 2 B.5 C.-2 D. 3 E.1
Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b x = 1 n‡j 1g I 2q mvwii Abyiƒc
Dcv`vb¸‡jv same nq | ZvB x = 1 .
1 2 a 1 2 3
4. 4 5 6 .aGi gvb KZ n‡j wbY©qKwU singular n‡e? (10-11) 1 0 −2
7 8 9 1 2 𝑎
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
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1 2 3
5. 4 5 6 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? (08-09)
3 6 9
A. 1 B. 10 C. 0 D. –2
3 1 9
6. 3 2 9  ? (09-10)
3 6 9
A. 27 B. 0 C. 54 D. 12
1 2 3
7. 4 3 12 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb- (11-12)
3 1 9
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

1 M 2 N 3 E 4 M 5 M
6 L 7 K

Group-9
e¨wZµgx or singular Matrix t GKwU eM© Matrix B †K Singular ev e¨wZµgx Matrix ejv n‡e hw` B  0 nq |
3 4 3 4
‡hgb t B    GKwU SingularMartix , KviY, B   12  12  0
3 4 3 4
Ae¨wZµgx ev Non-singular Matrix t GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· B †K Non-singular Matrix ejv n‡e hw` B  0 nq |

‡1.  α  2 2 
α  4  g¨vwUª·wU e¨vwZµgx n‡e
hw` = ? (05-06)
 8
A. 4, 6 B. 6, 4 C. 4, 6 D. 6, 4
2.  P  4 8  hw` p Gi gvb (07-08)
 2 P  2  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e
A. 4, 6 B. 6, 4 C. 4, 6 D. 6, 4
3.  P 2 4 P 8 2  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx nq hw` p Gi gvbÑ(09-10)
 
A. –6, 4 B. –4, 6 C. –4, 2 D. –2, 4
4.  m  2 6 
hw` mGi gvb: (11-12)
 2 m  3  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e
A. 6, –1 B. –4, 6 C. –6, 4 D. 1, –6

1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K

Group-10
iæcvšÍwiZ ev Transpose Matrix t †Kv‡bv Matrix Gi mvwi¸‡jv‡K Kjv‡g Ges Kjvg¸‡jv‡K mvwi‡Z cwieZ©b Ki‡j †h Matrix
cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K cÖ`Ë Matrix Gi Transpose Matrix e‡j |
T a d 
a b c a b c
‡hgb t A  Gi Transpose Matrix †K A Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq Ges A 
T T
 b e 
d e f d e f
 c f 
Adjoin Matrix t †Kv‡bv eM© Matrix Gi wbY©vq‡Ki fzw³ ¸‡jvi mn¸YK Øviv MwVZ Matrix Gi Transpose Ki‡j †h Matrix
cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K cÖ`Ë Matrix Gi Adjoint Matrix e‡j| hw` B GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· nq, Z‡e Gi Adjoint Matrix †K Adj B
Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

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T
 b11 b12 b13   B11 B12 B13   B11 B12 B13 
hw` B   b 21   B 23   B21 B 22 B 23 
 b 22 b 23  nq Z‡e Adj B  B21 B 22
 b31 b 32 b33  B31 B32 B33  B31 B32 B33 
[‡hLv‡b B11 n‡”Q b11 Gi mn¸YK]
wecixZ Matrix t `yBwU Matrix A Ges B †K ci®ú‡ii wecixZ Matrix ejv n‡e hw` AB = BA =I nq| B hw` A Gi wecixZ
Matrix nq Z‡e B = A–1 Ges A hw` B Gi wecixZ Matrix nq Z‡e A = B–1
A_©vr AB = BA =I  B = A–1 Or A = B–1
 AA 1  A 1A  I Ges BB-1 = B-1B = I
wecixZ ev Inverse Matrix we`¨gvb _vKvi kZ© t ‡Kv‡bv eM© Matrix B Gi Inverse Matrix we`¨gvb _vK‡e hw` B  0 nq|
1
A_©vr B MatrixwU Non-singular nq |  B1  Adj B
B
a b 
wecixZ ev Inverse Matrix, 2 2 Matrix Gi †ÿ‡Î t awi, B   
c d
(1, 1) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK B11  d ; (1, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK B12  c
(2, 1) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK B21  b ; (2, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK B22  a
T T
B B12   d  c  d  b a b
 Adj B   11      Ges B   ad  bc
B21 B22   b a   c a  c d
1 1  d  b
 B 1  Adj B 
B ad  bc  c a 
CQ:
Matrix ¸‡jvi wecixZ ev Inverse Matrix we`¨gvb _vK‡j Zv wbY©q Ki:[K Gi Rb¨]
2 4 −2 4 6 5 −6 5 2 5
(i) 𝐴 = (ii) 𝐵 = (iii) 𝐶 = (iv) 𝐷 = (v) 𝐸 =
3 6 3 6 −1 1 −1 1 −1 −3
2 4 2 4
mgvavb:(i) 𝐴 =  |𝐴| = = 12 − 12 = 0  |𝐴| = 0  𝐴 we`¨gvb bvB|
3 6 3 6
−2 4 −2 4
mgvavb: (ii) 𝐵 =  |𝐵| = = −12 − 12 = −24 ≠ 0  𝐵 we`¨gvb Ges 𝐵 = | | 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐵
3 6 3 6
GLv‡b, 𝐵 = |6| = 6, 𝐵 = −|3| = −3, 𝐵 = −|4| = −4, 𝐵 = −2
6 −3 6 −4 6 −4
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐵 = =  𝐵 = | | 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐵 =
−4 −2 −3 −2 −3 −2
6 5 6 5
mgvavb: (iii) 𝐶 =  |𝐵| = = 6 + 5 = 11 ≠ 0
−1 1 −1 1
𝐶 = |1| = 1, 𝐶 = −|1| = −1, 𝐶 = −|5| = −5, 𝐵 = 6
1 1 1 −5
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐶 = =
−5 6 1 6
−6 5 1 −5 1 −5 −1 5
mgvavb: (iv) 𝐷 = 𝐷 = = =
−1 1 1 −6 1 −6 −1 6
2 5 −3 −5 −3 −5 3 5
mgvavb: (V) 𝐸 = ∴𝐸 = = =
−1 −3 1 2 1 2 −1 −2
prat 2
[MCQ Gi Rb¨ ]
Technique: hw` A = ac db GKwU 22 µ‡gi eM© g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e adjA. = dc ab
   
1  d  b
Ges A–1 
ad  bc  c a 
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1 4  2  1  4  2
D`vniY ¯^iƒc1., A =  13 24 Zvn‡jadjA. = 43  12 Ges A–1  
    - 4  6 3 - 1  2 3 - 1 
†hgb2. A = 35 46 n‡j, A-1 = ? Soln GLv‡b, det( A) or , | A | (18  20)  2.  A 1   1  6  4
 .
  2  5 3 
1  8  4 = 1  8  4 Ans.
Ex. 3. = 23 84 n‡j, A 1  ? Soln A–1 =
  28–34  3 2  4  3 2 
1  4  2
4. hw` A = 13 24 nq Z‡e A-1 =? =  1 43 12 Ans.
Soln:A-1 =
  4  6  3 1  2 
5.. hw` A = 24 85 n‡j A–1Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| Soln: A–1 = 1  8 5 = 1  8 5 
  2  8  4 5  4 2 36  4 2
1 1
2 2
 1 1
1  1  
1 1  2
6.. A =  –1
 n‡j A = KZ? Soln: A–1 = 1  =
2
 1 1  2  1 1

Notes: wecixZ g¨vwUª· cvIqvi kZ©: (i) mswkøó g¨vwUª·wU‡K eM©vKvi n‡Z n‡e (ii) mswkøó g¨vwUª·wUi wbY©vqK k~b¨ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
Note: e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·-Gi †Kvb wecixZ g¨vwUª· †bB|

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒊). (𝑨𝑩) =𝑩 𝑨 (𝒊𝒊). (𝑨 ) = 𝑨 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). ((𝑨 ) 𝟏) 𝟏
=𝑨 𝟏 (𝒊𝒗).
((𝑨 𝟏
) 𝟏) 𝟏
) 𝟏
=𝑨

1 2
1. hw` A  nq Z‡e, A–1- (06-07)
3 4
 2
B. 1   3
4
A. 1  4  3
  C.  1  4  D.  1  4  2


2  2 1  2 3 1  2  2 1  2   3 1 
7 6
2. A =   n‡j A–1Gi gvb KZ? (08-09)
8 7 
 6
C. 
 7 6   7  8 7  7 8 
A.   B.    D.  
 8  7   6 7   8 7   6  7 

3.. A   53 12  n‡j A–1 Gi gvb- (07-08)

 
A. 1  13 21 B. 1  13 52  C.  1  51 23  D. 1  13  12 
5  11   11   3 

1 N 2 M 3 L

prat 3
33 µ‡gi eM© g¨vwUª· nq:
1 
 0 0
a 0 0  bc 0 0  a 
  1    1
A   0 b 0  n‡j A 
1
 0 ac 0  = 0 0
abc  b 
0 0 c  
   0 0 ab  1
0 0 
 c

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 1 
 0 0 
0 0 a   0 0 ab   c
  1    1
A   0 b 0  n‡j A 
1
 0 ac 0  = 0 0 
 abc  b 
 c 0 0   1 
   bc 0 0 
 0 0 
a 

3 0 0
 
1. A   0 4 0  n‡j A  ?
1

0 0 5
 
1 
 0 0
 3 0 0  3 0 0 3 
1 1     1
K. L.  0 4 0 M. 60 0 4 0  N.  0 0
 3 0 0 60   4 
    0 0 5 
 0 0 5   1
 0 4 0 0 0 
 0 0 5  5
 

 - 3 0 0
 
2. A   0 4 0  n‡j A  ?
1

 0 0 5
 
 1 
 0 0
  3 0 0   3 0 0 3 
1 1     1
K. L.  0 4 0 M. 60 0 4 0  N.  0 0
  3 0 0 60   4 
    0 0 5 
 0 0 5   1
 0 4 0  0 0 
 0 0 5  5
 

 0 0 3
 
3 . .A   0 4 0  n‡j A 1  ?
 5 0 0
 
 1   1
 0 0  0 0 
 0 0  3  5  5
1 1   1 1
K. L.  0 4 0  M.  0 0  N.  0 0
 0 0 3 60   4   4 
   5 0 5   1  1 
 0 4 0  0 0   0 0
 5 0 0 3  3 
 

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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 0 0 3
 
4 . .A   0 4 0  n‡j A 1  ?
 - 5 0 0
 
 1  1
 0 0  0 0  
 0 0  3  5  5
1 1   1 1
K. L. 0  4 0  M.  0 0 N.  0 0 
 0 0 3 60   4   4 
  5 0 5   1  1 
 0 4 0  0 0  0 0 
  5 0 0 3  3 
 

1
5| hw` I 3 GKwU wZb µ‡gi g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e (I 3 ) ?
1
K. 0 L. I3 M. I3 N. 3I 3
3

 1 0 0
 
6 . .A   0 1 0  n‡j A 1  ?
0 0 1
 
 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1   1   
K. L. 3. 0 1 0  M.  0 1 0  N.  0 1 0 
1 0 0  0 0 1 3  0 0 1
     0 0 1  
0 1 0
0 0 1
 

0 0 1
 
7 . .A   0 1 0  n‡j A 1  ?
1 0 0
 
 0 0 1  0 0  1  0 0 1
1      
K. L. 3  0 1 0  M.  0  1 0  N.  0 1 0 
0 0 1  1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0
       
0 1 0
1 0 0
 

1 N 2 N 3 M 4 M 5 L
6 N 7 M

Privious Admission Question:

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XvKv
ek¦we`¨vjq  2
B. 1 
 3 4
A. 1  4  

2  2 1  2 3 1 
1. hw` A =  10 05 , B   52 01  nq, ZLbABnq-(03-04)
     3
C.  1  4  D.  1  4  2

A.  52 05  B. 10 5 0
C.  62 06  D. 2  2 1  2   3 1 
   5   
 8 1 
12 5  7 6
9. A =   n‡j A–1Gi gvb KZ? (08-09)
8 7 
 7 6   7  8
2. hw` A =  23 -23  nq, Z‡e A2 mgvb- (04-05) A.   B.  
   8  7   6 7 

A.   12 5 
5 12
B.  512 512  C. 
7  6
 D.  7

8 

     8 7   6  7 
C.   5 12  D.   5  12  Soln: [C] Xvwe [06- 07] Gi 8 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
 12  5   
5 
   12 i  1
10. A =  1 i  , B =   Ges i = –1 n‡j AB
 i 1  1  i 
3. hw` A =  02 -03  , B =  35 01  nq, Z‡e AB mgvb- Gi gvb n‡e- (12-13)
   
A. 
1 0
B. 
0 0
D.  
 i 0 i 1
(05-06)   C. 0 i 
0 1 0 0
    1 i 
A.  6 0 
B.  3  1 
  15  3 
n
Sol : [B]
   2  5
1  2
C.  1 0
D.   𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
  2 15  0 5  11. A = Ges (and) B = , AB =
    −𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
?(14-15)
 α  2 2  −2 2 0 0 0 0 −2 −2
4. α  4 
g¨vwUª·wU e¨vwZµgx n‡e hw` = ? (05- A. B. C. D.
 8 −2 2 0 0 3 0 2 2
06) [Ans: D]
A. 4, 6 B. 6, 4 C. 4, 6 D. 6, 4
Soln: [A] ey‡qU/ Kz‡qU/ iæ‡qU/ Pz‡qU
|
 P  4 8  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` p Gi gvb (07- 1. A, B Ges C g¨vwUª·¸‡jvi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4  5, 5  4
5. P  2 
 2 Ges 4  2 n‡j (AT + B) C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡eÑ
08) [BUET 10-11]
A. 4, 6 B. 6, 4 A. 5  4 B. 4  2 C. 5 2 D. 2  5
C. 4, 6 D. 6, 4 Soln: [C],We know that,if the dimension of
Soln: [A] Xvwe [05- 06] Gi 4 bs Gi Abyiƒc | matrix A is m×n and the dimension of matrix
6.  P  4 8  B is np,then the Dimension Of Matrix A B is
 2 P  2  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx nq hw` p Gi gvbÑ(09-
mp.
10) ATGi gvÎv 5  4; (AT + B) Gi gvÎv 5  4
A. –6, 4 B. –4, 6 C. –4, 2 D. –2, 4
 (AT + B) C Gi gvÎv 5  2
Soln: [A] Xvwe [05- 06] Gi 4 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
7.  m  2 6  hw` mGi gvb: (11-
 2 m  3  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e  1 0 2 1  x 1 
 1 2 + 0  = 
z  x, y Ges z Gi
12) 2.    1  1
 2 0 2  3   y  3 
A. 6, –1 B. –4, 6 C. –6, 4 D. 1, –6
Soln: [A] Xvwe [05- 06] Gi 4 bs Gi Abyiƒc | gvb n‡e? [RUET 10-11]
1 2 A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 4, 3
8. hw` A  nq Z‡e, A–1- (06-07)
3 4 C. 3, –3, 4 D. –1, 2, 3 E. None
Soln:[B]
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
5
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RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq A.a = -1, b=-3, c=3 B.d = -1, b =3, c = 3
C.a = -1, b = -3, c = -3 D.a = 1, b = 3, c = 3
Soln: [D]
1.hw` A   02 03 , B   35 10  nq Z‡e AB mgvb- (05-
    b 
3. hw` x  a b Ges y   , Zv n‡j xy n‡e- (04-05)
2. A    3 1  n‡j A Gi gvb- (07-08)
5 2 –1 a  
 
ab 
A. 2ab B.  
A. 1  13 21 B. 1  13 52  ab 
5  11  
 C. ab ab D. m¤¢e bq
1 
C.   5  3  1 2  D. 1  13  12 
11   3  b 
Soln: [A] xy = [a b]   = [ab + ab] = [2ab]
Soln: [B] a
3. α  3 6 
α  4
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw`  Gi gvb- 4. g¨vwUª· X GKwU singular g¨vwUª· n‡e hw` X GKwU- (04-
 5
05)
A. 6, 7 B. 1, –3 C. 3, –1 D. 7,–6
n A. eM©vKvi g¨vwUª·
Sol : [D] Xvwe [05- 06] Gi 4 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
B. AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·
4. hw` A   53 10 , B   02 03  nq, Z‡e AB mgvb- C. eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· hvi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨
   
(08-09) D. eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· hvi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ bq
 6 0   3 1 Soln: [C]
A.  B.  5 
15 13  2  2 3 1 0 
5. hw` X    Ges Y    Zv n‡j XY=?
C. 10
6 0 
 3 
D. 106 0
3 
  4  5 0 1 
 
(04-05)
Soln: [C]
A.-X B.X C.Y D.-Y
Soln: [B]
5. hw` A   10 01 Ges X   yx  nq Zvn‡j AX mgvb- (09-  1 1
    6. M    n‡j M 2 n‡e- (04-05)
10)  0 1
A.2 B.4
A. X   yx  B. X   y 
   x 1 2 1  2
C.   D.  
C. X   xy  D. X    y  0 1 0 1 
   x  Soln: [C]
 0  1  x  0  y  y  2 2  4
Soln: [D] AX =     =   =  
1 0   y   x  0  x  7. g¨vwUª· A    1 3

4  n‡j A2Gi gvb n‡e-
 1 2  3 
6. †Kvb g¨vwUª·wUi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †bB?(12-13) 
 2 1  2 1 3 2  2 2  A. –A B. 0
A.   B.   C.   D.  
1 2   4 2 1 4   4 4  C. 2A D. A E. I
n
Soln: [B] †h g¨vwUª· Gi Determinatezero Zvi †Kvb Sol : [D] By using calculator Ans. D
wecixZ g¨vwUª· _v‡K bv| a b
8.   GKwU wm½yjvi (Singular) g¨vwUª·. myZivs (05-
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq c d 
06)
a b  A. a = 0 B. b = 0
1. M   n‡j Mx = †KvbwU? (04-05) C. c = 0 D. d= 0 E. ad-bc = 0
0 c 
n
Sol : [E] Avgiv Rvwb, Singular matrix Gi
ax b  a bx
A.   B.   Determinate Zero,
 o cx o c 
ZvB, ad – bc = 0
ax b ax bx 
C.   D.  9. hw` X = [a b] Ges Y = [b a], Zv n‡j XY n‡e(05-
 o c o cx 
06)
a b   ax bx  A. [2ab] B. [ab ab]
Soln: [D] M     Mx =  
 0 c   0 cx  ab 
2. hw` a b  1 c  1 2 3 Zv n‡j- (04-05) C.   D. [0] E. m¤¢e bq Soln: [E]
ab 
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
3
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10. M g¨vwUª· Gi transpose M' Øviv wb‡`©wkZ n‡j det (M') 3x  2 y  5
 
= KZ? (06-07)  x  2y  7
A. det (M) B. 1/2 det (M) Solving x = 3, y = –2
C. 2 det (M) D. det (M') 17. A  1 2
, B  3 4
n‡j A –B = KZ? (09-
n
Sol : [A] 4  3 6 7
3 0 0 x   9 
11. 0 g¨vwUª·wU mgvavb Ki‡j = KZ? (06- A. 2 2 B.  2 2 
2 0   y     4  10 10
 2 2
 0 0 5   z   15 
 2
C. 2 2 D.  2 E.  2 2
07) 2 10
   2 10   2 10
A. (0, 0, 0) B. (3, -2, 3)
Soln: [C]
C. (3, -2, -3) D. (0, -2, 0) E. (0, 0, 3)
18. hw` A     
0 1 1
3 0 0  x  9  1 2  Ges B  2 Z‡e AB Gi gvb KZ? (10-
   
Soln: [B] 0 2 0  y  =  
 4
0 0 5  z   15   2 1 
A.   B.  
3x = 9 x=3  5 2
0 1
E.  
2y = –4  y = –2 5
C.   D.  
5z = 15 z=3 1   3 2
 
12. hw` `ywU g¨vwUª· A I B h_vµ‡g mn Ges np µghy³ 0  2  2 
Soln: [A] AB =  =  
nq Ges A I B Gi ¸Ydj‡K AB g¨vwUª· Øviv m~wPZ Kiv 1  4  5 

19. 
nq Z‡e AB g¨vwUª‡·i µghy³ n‡e-(06-07) 3 2   x  5 
     n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ? (05-06)
A. nm B. mn 1  2  y  7 

C. np D. pn E. mp A. x = –2, y = 3 B. x = 2, y = –3

C. x = 2, y = 3 D. ï× DËi †bB E. mgvavb m¤¢e
1  1
14. A =   n‡j A–1 = KZ? (08-09) bq
1 1
3 2   x 5
1 1 Soln: [D]    =  
1  1 1  2  y  7 
A.  2 2 B.  
1 1 1 1  3x + 2y = 5 ---- (i)
 2 2  x – 2y = 7 ---- (ii)
 1 1  1  1 (i) + (ii)  4x = 12
1 1
C.   D.  2 2  E.  2 2
x=3
 1 1  1 1  1 1
 2 2    2 2  (ii)  3 – 2y = 7
Soln: [D]  2y = – 4 y = –2
1 2 3 4
20. X   , Y  n‡j XY = KZ? (11-
2  1
15. A   3 2
 , B    1 5 n‡j AB n‡e: (09-10)
4  3 6 7 
 3 5    12)
 3
A. 5 B. 7  1
A. 
2 2
B. 
 2 2 
4 31  4 31  
2 10  2  10
 3
C. 4  D.  5 9
E. 7  1
C. 
 2 2
D. 
2  2
E.
 31 5  4 31 5 31 
 2  10

 2 10 
Soln: [B] 2 2 
 
3 2   x  5 2 10
16.   n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ? (09-
 1  2 y  7  Soln: [C] use calculator.
10) 1 0 2
21. hw` A    nq Z‡e A g¨vwUª·wU †ei Ki| (11-12)
A. –3, 2 B. 3, –2 3 4
C. 3, 2 D. 2, 3 E. ï× DËi †bB 1 0 1 15
A.   B.  
Soln: [B] 15 16  0 16 
3 2   x  = 5
1  2   y  7 
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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15 16  0 1
A.  
3
C.   D.   E. B.[3 9]
1 0 16 12 9
1 0 C.[8 4] D. †hvM Kiv hv‡e bv
  Soln: [D]
13 12 
5. hw` A  
Soln: [A] use calculator. 1 2  1 0
, I    nq Z‡e A2+2A11l n‡e-(09-
 1  2 4  3 0 1
1 0 2   10)
22. hw` A    Ges  2 3  Z‡e AB-Gi gvb
 0 1 3  0 0
C. 
 3 1  1 1
  A. 1 0 B.    D.
KZ? (11-12) 0 1
  0 1 0 1
A. 48 B. 36  0 0
C. 30 D.12 E. 24  0 0
n
 
Sol : [C] use calculator. n
Sol : [D] Use calculator
0 1 1
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 6. A  Ges B    n‡j AB Gi gvb KZ?(09-10)
 1 2  2
1. A Ges B g¨vwUª· `ywUi gvÎv (order) h_vµ‡g 23 Ges
B.  
2
D.  
3
A. 0 C. 5
35 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? (06-07) 5 5  2 5
       
A. BA msÁvwqZ n‡e B.ABmsÁvwqZ n‡e Soln: [B] Use calculator
C. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 52 D. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 33 6 0  3
7. 2  1 3 
A  Ges B    n‡j (A+B)
Soln: [B]  3 6  4 3 3  1
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq Gi gvb-(09-10)
4 5 6 
 5 7 1  3 2 1 A.  3 4 1  B.  
 2 3 6
1. hw` 
A   1 2 3
 , 
B   2 3 2
 nq, Z‡e AB   7 9 10
8  1 0  8 1 0 
D. 
 4  2  16  1 5 1 
C.   
= (05-06) 6 9  5 6 9  5
 2 6 8  2 8 
6 Soln: [C] Use calculator
A.  2  11 0  B.  2 11 0  0 1 
  8. A2 Gi gvb KZ?(09-10)
  8  78  16 8 78 16 A  n‡j
1 0 
2 6 8  1 0
C.  2 4 0  D. †KvbwUB bq A. 1 B. +1 C. 0 1 D.
  1 0 0 1
  8 78  16  
Soln: [D] †Kvb Identity matrix†K squareKi‡j Zvi
Soln: [A] Use calculator
gvb GKB _v‡K|
1  2 3  2 3 5 
2. A  Ges B    n‡j A + B = (05- 1 
 5 1  4   1 4  6 9. A    , B  3 2 g¨vwUª· `ywUi ¸Ydj n‡e-(10-11)
6 
2 2 5  3 1 8 
A.   B.
1 2 4
6 5 10
  A. 18 12 B.  3 2

3 2
  18 12
C. 
1 3 4
 D. †KvbwUB bq 3 6 
5 6 7
  C.   D. 9 6
n
Sol : [B] 9 12  3 6
0 1 1  Soln: [B] Use calculator
3. A  Ges B    n‡j AB = KZ?(08-09)
1 2  2 1  2 0 
10. A = [2 1] Ges B    n‡j AB=
1
A.   B.  
2
C.  
2
D.  
0 4 5  3 
5  5  3 5 A. [6 1 3] B. [2 1 3]
0  2  2 C. [6 4 3] D.[1 1 2]
Soln: [B] AB =   =   Ans.
1  4  5 Soln: [A]
1 
4. A    Ges B  2 3 n‡j †hvMdj KZ?(08-09)
6 Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
5
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1. hw` A GKwU mn AvKv‡ii g¨vwU· Ges B GKwU n p By using calculator P = –3, 12
AvKv‡ii g¨vwUª· nq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i ¸Ydj AB Gi AvKvi  wbY©vq‡Ki †gŠwjK ¸Yvejx:
n‡e (09-10) i) †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki mvwi¸wj Zv‡`i Abyiƒc Kjvg mg~‡n cwiewZ©Z
A. n  n B. n  p C. m  p D. m  m n‡j Ges Kjvg¸wj Zv‡`i Abyiƒc mvwimg~‡n cwiewZ©Z n‡j,
Soln: [C] Matrix A Gi gvÎv m n I B Gi gvÎv n  p wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv| †hgb,
a1 b1 c1 a1 a2 a3
n‡j AB Gi gvÎv n‡e m  p D = a2 b2 c2Ges D= b1 b2 b3
a11 a12 ..... ..... a1n  a3 b3 c3 c1 c2 c3
a a 22 ..... ..... a 2n  GB g¨vwUª·wU †Kvb cÖKw… Zi? (09-
2.  21 
..... ..... ..... ..... .....  D = D
a n1 an2 ..... ..... a nn  ii) †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki †h †Kvb `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg ci¯úi ¯’vb

10) wewbgq Ki‡j, wbY©vqKwUi wPý e`‡j hvq wKš‘ wbY©vq‡Ki
A.KY© g¨vwUª· B. eM© g¨vwUª· gv‡bi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv | †hgb,
a1 b1 c1 b1 a1 c1
C. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· D. A‡f`K g¨vwUª· D = a2 b2 c2 =  b2 a2 c2
n
Sol : [B] ‡hg¨vwUª‡·imvwi, Kjvg mgvb Zv‡K eM© g¨vwUª· a3 b3 c3 b3 a3 c3

e‡j| a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2
3 1  D = a2 b2 c2 =  a1 b1 c1
2. [1 2]  = ?(11-12) a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
1 2 
iii) †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki GKwU mvwi ev Kjv‡gi me¸wj Dcv`vb k~b¨
3 2
A.   B. [5 4] C. [5 5] D. [3 2] n‡j, wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~b¨ nq| †hgb,
1 4 a1 b1 0
Soln: [C] D = a2 b2 0 = 0
a3 b3 0
3. hw` g¨vwUª· A = [2 1 3] nq Ges I GKwU 3  3 BDwbU
g¨vwU· nq Zvn‡j AI=(11-12)
iv) †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU mvwi ev Kjv‡gi Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸wj
A. 0 B. [0 0 0] C. [2 1 3] D. Awfbœ n‡j, Zvi gvb k~b¨ nq| †hgb,
AmsÁvwqZ a1 1 1 a1 a1 b1
D = a2 1 1 = 0 ev, a2 a2 b2 = 0
Soln: [C] †h †Kvb g¨vwÆ· †K BDwbU g¨vwÆ· Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j a3 1 1 a3 a3 b3
GKB _v‡K| v) hw` GKwU wbY©vq‡Ki †Kvb mvwi ev Kjvg Gi Dcv`vb¸wj‡K
4. g¨vwUª· A Gi gvÎv 24 Ges g¨vwU· B Gi gvÎv 43 n‡j, Aci GKwU mvwi ev Kjv‡gi Abyiƒc Dcv`v‡bi mn¸YK Øviv
AB-Gi gvÎv (11-12) ¸Y Kiv nq, Z‡e ¸Yd‡ji mgwó k~b¨ nq|
A. 2  3 B. 4  2 C. 3  2 D. 3  4 †hgb - a2A1+b2B1+c2C1=0
Soln: [A] Matrix A Gi gvÎv m n I B Gi gvÎv n  vi) †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki †h †Kvb mvwi ev Kjv‡gi cÖ‡Z¨K Dcv`vb‡K
p n‡j AB Gi gvÎv n‡e m  p GKBa1ivwk bØviv
1
¸Yc1 Ki‡j wbY©vqKwUi
ka1 gvbI
kb1 H ivwk
kc1 Øviv ¸Y
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq k nq|a†hgb-
2 b 2 c 2 = a 2 b2 c 2
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3

1. hw` A, B I C wZbwU g¨vwUª· GesAB = AC nq Z‡e vii) †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki †Kvb mvwi ev Kjv‡gi cªwZwU Dcv`vb `yBwU
(11-12) ivwki mgwó wnmv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡j, wbY©vqKwU†K GKB µ‡gi
A. B= C n‡eB B. B = C bvI n‡Z cv‡i `yBwU c„_K wbY©vq‡Ki †hvMdj wnmv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq| †hgb,
a1+1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 1 b1 c1
C. C, B Gi we¤^ (Transpose) g¨vwUª· n‡e a2+1 b2 c2 = a2 b2 c2 + 1 b2 c2
D. †KvbwU bq a3+1 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 1 b3 c3
Soln: [B] 13 16 19
1. gvb wbY©q Ki: 14 17 20
Lyjbv wek¦we`¨vjq
p  4 7  15 18 21
1.   g¨vwU·wU singular n‡e hw` P Gi gvb
 8 p  5  13 3 3 /
c 2  c 2  c1
Soln: 14 3 3
= 0 Ans.
nq- (11-12) /
c3  c3  c 2
A. 3, 12 B. 3, 12 C. 4, 5 D. 4, 5 15 3 3
Soln: [A] Matrix wU singular n‡e hw` Gi Determinate 1  2
2. gvb wbY©q Ki:  2 1 ; GLv‡b,  GK‡Ki GKwU RwUj
zero nq|
 2
1 
 (P – 4) (P – 5) – 56 = 0
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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 7
Nbg~j| 1 x 1
1     2 2
= (x+y+z) 1 y 1  ( x  y  z )  0 = 0 Ans.
Soln:    2  1  2 1 [c1/= c1+c2+c3] 1 z 1
 2 1 1  a2 ab b2
6. ab
Gi gvb-
 2
0 2a 2b
= 0  2 1 [  1++2=0] = 0 Ans. 1 1 1

0 1  a2 ab b2
Soln: 2 a ab 2b
=
x y x y
1 1 1
3. x xz z wbY©vqKwUi gvb-
y z yz a (a  b ) b(a  b) b2
ab ab 2b
0x y
z [ c1 c1 c2 c3]
n
Sol :  2 z x  z 0 0 1

 2z z yz  
[ c1  c1  c2 Ges c 2  c 2  c 3 cÖ‡qvM K‡i]
x 0 y
a b b2
=  2z 1 x  z z  ( a  b )( a  b ) 1 1 2b
1 z yz 0 0 1
0 x y a b
=  2 z 0 x - y [ r2  r2 r3] = ( a  b )( a  b )
1 1
1 z yz
= (a  b)(a  b)(a  b)
=  2 z ( xy  xy)  4 xyz Ans.
= (a  b) 3 Ans.
1 1 1
4. Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki: b  c logx logy logz
ca ab
Ex. The value of log2x log2y log2z is:
b  c c  a a2  b2
2 2 2 2
log3x log3y log3z
1 1 1
Soln: b  c log x log y log z
ca ab
Soln: log 2x log 2 y log 2z
b2  c2 c2  a2 a2  b2
log 3x log 3y log 3z
0 0 1
= ba cb ab x  y
log  log  log z
b a2 2
c b
2 2
a b
2 2 y
  z
x  y
[c1' = c1 – c2 , c2' = c2 – c3] = log  log  log 2z
y
  z
ba cb
= 2 x  y
b  a c2  b2
2 log  log  log 3z
y
  z
1 1 [C1' = C1 – C2, C2' = C2 – C3]
= (b  a )(c  b)
ba cb 1 1 log z
x y
= (a  b)(b  c)(c  a) Ans. = log y log z  1 1 log 2z = 0
   
1 x yz 1 1 log 3z
5. 1 y z  x Gi gvb- 1 2 3
1 z x y Ex. 4 3 12 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb-
3 1 9
1 x yz 1 x x yz
n
Sol : 1 y z  x = 1 y x  y  z 1 2 3 1 2 1
Soln: 4 3 12 3 4 3 4
1 z x y 1 z x yz
3 1 9 3 1 3
[c3' = c2 + c3cÖ‡qvM K‡i]
†Kvb GKwU wbYv©q‡K `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
GK n‡j Gi gvb k~Y¨|
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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 Practice Problem: 0 0 1
n
 c1 /  c1  c2 
7 17 29 Sol : x  a a b b 0  / 
1. 11 19 31 Gi gvb- Ans: 36 x 2  a 2 a 2  b2 b2 c 2  c 2  c 3 
13 23 37
0 0 1
28 29 30 Or, (xa) (ab) 1 1 b 0
2. 31 33 35 Gi gvb- Ans: 0 x  a a  b b2
34 37 40 Or, (xa) (ab) (a+b  xa) = 0
1 1 1 Or, (xa) (ab) (bx) = 0
2 2
3. 1 p p 2 Gi gvb- Ans: p(p–1) (p –1)  x = a , b Ans.
1 p2 p4 a a x
2. c c c  0 Gi mgvavb-
a2 ab b 2
4. 2a a  b 2b Gi gvb- Ans: (a  b)
3 b x b
1 1 1 0 a x
Soln: 0 c c  0 [c1 = c1c2]
/

x 2
yz zx  z 2
bx x b
5. x  xy
2
y 2
zx Gi gvb- Ans. 4 x 2 y 2 z 2
Or, (bx) (acxc) = 0  x = a, b Ans.
xy y  yz
2
z2
a b2c a b 3. 5x 3y =32, 2x + 5y =19 Gi mgvavb-
6. c bc 2a b Gi gvb- Ans. 5 3
Soln: D   25  6  31
c a c a 2b 2 5
2( a  b  c ) 3 32  3
Dx   160  57  217
abc 2a 2a 19 5
7. 2b bca 2b
Gi gvb-Ans.
5 32
2c 2c cab Dy   95  64  31
2 19
(a  b  c ) 3 Dx 217 Dy 31
x  7 y  1
 2a ab ac D 31 D 31
8. ba  2b b  c Gi gvb-Ans. wb‡Y©q mgvavb: (x, y) = (7, 1) Ans.
ca cb  2c  Practice Problem:
4(a  b)(b  c)(c  a) 1. 2x + 3y = 4, x - y = 7 Gi mgvavb- Ans.x = 5, y = -
2
(b  c ) 2 a2 a2
9. Gi gvb-Ans.
b 2
(c  a ) 2
b2
c 2
c 2
( a  b) 2 2. x + y + z = 0, 3x + 2y + z = 1, x - y - 2z = 1 Gi
mgvavb- Ans.x = 0, y= 1, z = -1
2abc( a  b  c )3

3. x + 5y - 3z = 2, 7x - 4y + 2z = 5, 4x + y + z = 9
x y z Gi mgvavb- Ans.x = 1, y = 2, z = 3
10. x2 y2 z2 Gi gvb-Ans:
 Special Techniques:
x 1 y 1 z 1
3 3 3
mvaviYZ †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki gvb †ei Ki‡Z ej‡j †hgb:
( xyz  1)( x  y)( z  x) ab a b
a ac c ?
wbY©vq‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb wbY©q b c bc
A. 4abc B. 2abc C. 5abc D. 3abc
1 1 1 G‡¶‡Î, cª_‡g cÖ`Ë wbY©vq‡K a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 emv‡j
1. x a b  0 Gi mgvavb- 1 2 1 2 3 1 2
Gi gvb nq, 1 1 3 3  1 4 3
x2 a2 b2
2 3 23 2 3 5
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
8
 9
= 3(20–9) –1(5–6) = 33 + 1 – 10 = 24 xy x y
Gevi option ¸‡jv‡K a = 1, b = 2, Ges c = 3 ewm‡q 5. x xz z wbYv©qKwUi gvb- (05-06)
cvB, option (a) n‡Z, 4abc = 4 1  2  3 = 24 y z yz
wb‡Y©q Ans. (a) A. 4xyz B. x2yz C. xy2z D. xyz2
mKj wbY©vq‡Ki †¶‡Î Avgiv GLv‡b, 1, 2, 3 emv‡ev| n
Sol : [A]GB ai‡bi mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv 1†g
x, y, z Gi gvb a‡i wbY©vqK Kie| c‡i option G x, y, z
Previous Years' Questions Gi gvb ewm‡q Ans. wgjv‡Z n‡e|
3 1 2
 let, x =1, y = 2, z = 3 1 4 3
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
2 3 5
11 1
1. wbY©vqK D = 3(20 – 9) + 1(6 –5) + 2(3 – 8)
1 2 3 wbYv©qKwUi gvb 2 ; k Gi gvb KZ? (00-01)
= 33 + 1 – 10 = 24
14 k
option n‡Z cvB, 4xyz = 4  1  2 3 = 24
A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6
a3 1
11 1 6. wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~Y¨ n‡j a Gi gvb- (07-
8 a4
Soln: [A] given, 1 2 3 = 2
08)
14 k
A. 4 or 5 B. 5 or 4 C. 3 D.
0 0 1 10
c11  c 2  c1
1 1 3 =2 Soln: [A] Xvwe [01- 02] Gi 2 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
c12  c3  c 2
3 k 4 k x y x y
1 1
7. wbY©vqK x xz z Gi gvb- (08-09)
 = 2  K – 4 – 3 = 2;  K = 9 y z yz
3 k 4
β2 1
A. 4 xyz B. 3 xyz C. 2 xyz D. xyz
2. 5 β4 wbY©vqKwUi gvb 0 n‡j  Gi gvb KZ? (01- Soln: [A] Xvwe [05- 06] Gi 5 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
02) a 1 bc
A. 5 or 0 B. 6 or 2 C. 5 or –3 D. 1 or –3 8. b 1 c  a Gi gvb n‡e-(12-13)
 2 1 c 1 ab
Soln: [D] =0
5  2 A. 0 B. abc(a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
 ( – 2) ( + 4) + 5 = 0 C. abc D. (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
GLb option Øviv cheek K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ a 1 bc abc 1 abc
Soln: [A] b 1 c  a = a  b  c 1 a  b  c
mgxKiYwU wm× nq| c 1 ab abc 1 abc
8 3 3 c   c  c 
3. 3  8 5 wbY©vqKwUi gvb- (02-03)  1 1 3  = 0 [c1I c3Awfbœ]
c 3  c1  c 3 
5 5 8
α α x
A. 1 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2 9. β β β =0, x=?(14-15)
n
Sol : [C] wbY©vqKwUi gvb = – 8 (64 – 25) + 3 (25+ θ x θ
24) + 3 (15+ 40) = 312 – 312 = 0 A. , ,  B. ,  C. ,  D. , 
we:`ª: Calculator e¨envi K‡iI D³ mgm¨vwU mgvavb Kiv [Ans: B] Soln:Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii
hvq| Abyiƒc Dcv`vbm¸‡jv GK n‡j Zvi gvb k~b¨|
1 1 1 option n‡Z cvB x =  ev  n‡j, h_vµ‡g 1g I 2q ev
4. hw` x a b = 0 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ ? (03-04) 2q I 3q mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb GK nq| ZvB Ans. B|
x2 a2 b2 ey‡qU/ Kz‡qU/ iæ‡qU/ Pz‡qU
A. a ev b B. a ev b C. a evb D. a ev b
Soln: [D] wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j 1. x-Gi †Kvb †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨
Zvi gvb zero nq | ZvB x Gi gvb a ev b n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU
Kjvg GK nq | So x = a ev b .
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
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x2 x 2 2 0 0
n‡e? 2 1 1 [BUET 05-06] Soln:[A], 4 6 12 =0
0 0 5 x  8  x  3  x  10

A. x = 0, –2 B. x = 1, 2 C. x = 0, 1 D. x = 0, 2  2(–6x – 60 + 12x + 36) = 0

x2 x 2  2(6x – 24) = 0  x = 4
n x2 x RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq
Sol :[D], 2 1 1 =
2 1 2 α  2 Gi gvb k~b¨ n‡j  Gi gvb- (05-06)
0 0 5 1. α4 8
 x2 – 2x = 0; x = 0, 2 A. 6, –4 B. –6, 4 C. 6, 4 D. –6, –4
logx logy logz Soln: [A] Xvwe [01- 02] Gi 2 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
2. The value of log2x log2y log2z is: [BUET xy x y
log3x log3y log3z 2. wbY©vqK x xz z Gi gvb- (06-07)
y z yz
09-10]
2 3 A. 4xyz B. 1+x+y+z C. 0 D. 2xyz
A. log 3 B. 0 C. log 2 D. 1 n
Sol : [A] Xvwe [05- 06] Gi 5 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
log x log y log z 10 20 30
3. 40 50 60 wbY©vqKwUi gvb- (07-08)
Soln:[B], log 2x log 2 y log 2z 20 40 60
log 3x log 3y log 3z
A. 5 B. –5 C. 20 D. 0
x  y 10 20 30 10 10 30
log  log  log z n
c'1=c2 – c1
y
  z Sol : [D] 40 50 60 = 10 10 60 c'2=c3 – c2
x  y 20 40 60 10 10 60
= log  log  log 2z
y
  z wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j
x  y
log  log  log 3z Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjvg Awfbœ | ZvB
y
  z
gvb zero.
[C1' = C1 – C2, C2' = C2 – C3] 50 60 70
1 1 log z 4. 10 20 30 wbY©vqKwUi gvb- (08-09)
x y
= log y log  z  1 1 log 2z = 0
30 60 90
    A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 0
1 1 log 3z
Soln: [D] Rwe [07- 08] Gi 3 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
3. hw` 1 Gi GKwU RwUj Nbg~j nq, Z‡e wb‡gœi wbY©vqKwUi
13 16 19
gvb KZ? [BUET 10-11] 5. 14 17 20 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb- (09-10)
1  ω ω2 15 18 21
ω ω2 1 A. 1 B. 10r C. 20 D. 0
ω2 1 ω Soln: [D] Rwe [07- 08] Gi 3 bs Gi Abyiƒc |
10 13 16
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3D. †KvbwUB bq 6. 11 14 17 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb- (10-11)
1  2 12 15 18
n
Sol :[D],   2 1 A. 0 B. 1 C. 10 D. 5
n
2 1  Sol : [A] Rwe [07- 08 ] Gi 3 bs Gi Aby iƒc |
= 1(–3 – 1) +  (2 – 2) + 2(– – 4) a 1 bc
= –1 –1 + 0 – 3 – 6= –1 – 1 –1 –1 = – 4 7. b 1 c  a Gi gvb KZ?(11-12)
c 1 ab
2 0 0
4. 4 6 12 = 0 n‡j x-Gi gvb KZ n‡e- A. abc B. abc(a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
x  8  x  3  x  10 C. 0 D. (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
[CUET 10-11] a 1 bc a 1 a bc
n c'3 = c1+c3
A. 4 B. –16/3 C. 17 D. None of Sol : [c] b 1 c  a = b 1 a  b  c
these c 1 ab c 1 a bc
†Kvb GKwU wbYv©q‡K `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
GK n‡j Gi gvb k~Y¨|
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
10
 11
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ
1 1 1 n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I wØZxq Kjv‡gi
1. wbY©vqK 2 1 2 Gi gvb KZ? (04-05) Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
3 1 3 1 x yz
A.10 B.9 C.0 D. -8 6. 1 y z  x  ? (05-06)
Soln: [C]wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv 1 z x y

Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjvg Awfbœ A. 1 B. 3
| ZvB gvb zero. C. x+y+z D. 3(x+y+z) E. ï× DËi †bB
a1 a2 a3 1 x yz 1 x xyz
2. wbY©vqK b1 b2 b3 †Z b2Gi mn-¸b‡Ki gvb(04-05) Sol : [E] 1 y z  x  1 y x  y  z c'3 = c2 + c3
n

c1 c2 c3 1 z xy 1 z xyz
A.a1c2-a2c1 B.–a1c3+a3c1C.a1c3– a3c1 D.a1b3- wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ
a3b1 n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjv‡gi
Soln: [C] mn-¸YK = (–1)n  hvi mn¸YK Zvi Kjvg I Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
mvwi ev‡` evwK Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Determinate 3 4
7. hw` wbY©vqK Gi gvb k~b¨ nq, Zv n‡j a Gi gvb n‡e- (05-
GLv‡b, n = (Row + Column) number. 5 2a
a1 a3 A. -10/3 B. 6/5 C. 15/8 D. 10/3 .
 b2Gi mn¸YK = (–1)2+2 = a1c3– a3c1
c1 c3 Soln: [D]
3. †Kvb wbY©vqK X Gi cÖ_g mvwi Ges cÖ_g ¯Í¤¢‡K ci¯ú‡ii 1 2 3
8. wbY©vqK 4 5 6 Gi gvb n‡jv- (06-07)
wewbgq Kiv nj; b~Zb wbY©vq‡Ki gvb n‡e(04-05)
A.X Gi gv‡bi wecixZ B.0 7 8 9
C.X Gi gv‡bi wØ-¸b D.X Gi gv‡bi mgvb A. 25 B. 87
Soln: [D] †Kvb wbY©vq‡K mvwi I Kjvg change Kiv‡K C. 179 D. 0 E. ‡KvbwUB bq
Transpose e‡j| Transpose I g~j wbY©vq‡K gvb equal 1 2 3 1 1 2
n
c'2 = c2 – c1
_v‡K| So Ans. D Sol : [D] 4 5 6 = 4 1 2 c'3= c3 – c1
7 8 9 7 1 2
10 3 1 1
4. 10 4 2 10 Gi gvb‡K  ai‡j, (04-05) wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ
10 5 3 10 2 n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b wØZxq I Z…Zxq Kjv‡gi
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
A.> 0 B.< 0
1 x y  z
C. Gi gvb bvB D. = 0 9. = KZ? (06-07)
1 y z  x
10 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 z x  y
n 3
Sol : [D] 10 4 2 10 = 10 10 2 10 A. 0 B. 1
10 5 3 10 2 10 2 3 10 2 C. xyz D. x+y+z E. (x+y+z)2
wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j 1 x yzx  y  z c'3 = c2 + c3
1 x
n
Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjvg Awfbœ | ZvB Sol : [A] 1 y z  x  1 y x  y  z
gvb zero. 1 z xy 1 z xyz
bc  a wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ
5. wbY©vqK D  c  a  b Gi gvb n‡e- (05-06) n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjv‡gi
ab  c Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
A. abc+ B. 0 1 1 x
10. x- Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2 2 2  0 n‡e? (07-08)

C.  (b-c)(c-a)(a-b) D. E. abc 3 4 5
abc
bc  a abc  a A. 2 B.5
n
Sol : [B] D  c  a  b = abc  bc'1=c1+c3 C.-2 D. 3 E.1
ab  c abc  c Soln: [E]

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
11
 12
1 2 5 x = b or x = m n‡j 1g I 2q mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
11. 1 3 4 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? (08-09) same nq | ZvB x = b or m n‡e|
1 6 1
A. 7 B. 12 ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq
C. 16 D. 8 E. 0
Soln: [E] Use calculator  28 29 30
1.   ?(10-11)
2
b c 2
ab ca  31 33 35 
 34 37 40 
12. ab c  a2
2
bc  ? (09-10)
ca bc a  b2
2 A. 0 B. 1 C. 5 D.9
n
Sol : [A]Same as CU no 8
A. 0 B. 1
2. wbY©vq‡Ki 2wU Kjvg ev mvwi Awfbœ n‡j †KvbwU mZ¨?(08-
C. 4abc D. 4(a2+b2+c2) E. 4a2b2c2
n 09)
Sol : [E] Xvwwe [05- 06] Gi 5bs Gi Abyiƒc|
A. wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nq
1 2 a
13. 4 5 6 aGi gvb KZ n‡j wbY©qKwU singular n‡e? (10- B. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ nq
7 8 9
C. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb abvZ¥K nq
D. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb mgvb nq
11)
Soln: [B]
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
n 3. GKwU wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU Kjvg mgvb n‡j Gi gvb KZ?(08-
Sol : [C] Pwe [07- 08] Gi 10bs Gi Abyiƒc|
09)
A.1 B. –1 C.0 D.2
n
Sol : [C] wbY©q‡Ki `ywUi Kjvg mgvb n‡j gvb 0nq|
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq

1   2
ω ω ω2
1. GK‡Ki GKwU RwUj Nbg~j  n‡j ω2 ω2 1
4.   2 1 = KZ ?(05-06)
ω3 1 ω 2 1 

wbY©vq‡Ki gvb KZ? (08-09) A. –2 B. –4 C. –3 D. †KvbwUB

A. 1 B.  C.  2 D. 0 bq
  2 1   2
ω ω ω2 n
n
Sol : [D] ω 2 ω 2 = 2 2 1 Sol : [B]    2 1
1
1 1  2 1 
ω3 1 ω

wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j = 1 (–  3–1)–  (  2 –  2) +  2(–  –  4)
Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I wØZxq Kjv‡gi = – 2 – 0 +  2 (–  –  )
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero. = – 2 – 2  3 = –2 –2 = – 4
1 1 1 
 
2. 1 2 3  wbY©vqKwUi gvb 2 n‡j k Gi gvb- (04-05) 87 42 3
1 4 k  5. 45 18 7  (05-06)
 
59 28 3
A.9 B.8 C.7 D.6
n
Sol : [A] Xvwe [01- 02] Gi 1 bs Gi Abyiƒc | A. 14 B. 60 C. 84 D. †KvbwUB
a a x
bq
3. hw`  m m n nq, Z‡e Δ = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j n‡”Q: (05- Soln: [D] Use calculator
b x b

06) 2 a bc
6. 2 b ca Gi gvb KZ?(09-10)
A. x = a, x = m B. x = b, x = m
2 c ab
C. x = a, x = b D. †KvbwUB bq
Soln: [B] Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii A. 0 B. 1 C. 1 D. 2
Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b

Mathematics – Lecture # 1
12
 13

2 a bc 2 a abc 1 1 yz

Soln: [A] 2 b c  a = 2 b a  b  c c'3 = c2 + c3 1. 3 . 1 1 z  x wbY©vqKwU gvb KZ?(09-10)
2 c ab 2 c abc 1 1 xy

wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ A. 3 + x + y + z B. 3 (x+y+z)

n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjv‡gi C. 3 D.†KvbwUB bq
n
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero. Sol : [D] wbY©vq‡Ki 1g `ywU Kjvg equal. So Ans.
10 0 0 0n‡e|
7. P 0 10 0 n‡j P Gi gvb KZ?(09-10) 3 1 9
0 0 10 2. 3 2 9  ? (09-10)
A. 10 B. 102 C. 103 D. 0 3 6 9
Soln: [C] A. 27 B. 0 C. 54 D. 12
1 1 1 Soln: [B] wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
8. 1 2 3 wbY©vqKwUi gvb 2 n‡j, k Gi gvb- (12-13) Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjv‡gi
1 4 k Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6 1 2 3
soln: [A] 3. 4 3 12 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb- (11-12)
1  3  4  3 1 9
 
9. A  2 1 0  n‡j bx‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (12-13) A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
3  2 5 
1 2 3 1 2 1
n
A. det(A) =3 B. det(A)=0 Sol : [A] [ 4 3 12 3 4 3 4
C. det(A) = 63 D. det(A) 3 1 9 3 1 3
wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq †Kvb GKwU wbYv©q‡K `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
Soln: [C] Use calculator GK n‡j Gi gvb k~b¨|

RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq
1 1 1
1. hw` f(x)= x 1 2 nq, Z‡e f(x) Gi Drcv`K- (02-
2
x 1 4

03)
A.x + 1 B.x – 1 C.x – 2 D. x + 2
Soln: [B] x = 1 n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki 1g `ywU Kjvg same nq |
d‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~Y¨ nq | so x – 1 , f(x) Gi GKwU
Drcv`K |

Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq

1 2 3
1. 4 5 6 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? (08-09)
3 6 9
A. 1 B. 10 C. 0 D. –2
n
Sol : [C] Same as JNU [07-08] no 3
7 5 8
2. 3 2 1 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? (08-09)
9 6 3
A. 1 B. 3 C. 0 D. 2
Soln: [C] Use calculator

Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq
Mathematics – Lecture # 1
13