MONTENEGRO

MINISTRY OF CULTURE
ADMINISTRATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

Study on Revalorization of Immovable Cultural Property

FORTRESS ŠPANJOLA

Cetinje, June 2014

 Date: April, 2013 ‐ June, 2014

STUDY ON REVALORIZATION OF IMMOVABLE CULTURAL PROPERTY

1.
Name of cultural property Fortress
ŠPANJOLA
Location, area,
2. municipality Herceg Novi
(identification data)
3. Information on the
inclusion of the cultural
property under Ruling on gaining protection status No. 1116 of November 25, 1957.
protection Decision on entry into the Register No. 1316 / 1-61 of September 25, 1961
(number and date of a Dossier No. 124, Volume I (First), pages 247-248
Ruling on
gaining status, Decision
on entry into the
Register, Dossier
number, etc.)
4.
Type of immovable
Cultural and historic facility
cultural property
• Architectural work
• Fortification facility

5.
History, description of the
appearance of the cultural
property and its individual
parts
History:
The original fortification dates back from the Turkish era but was actually expanded and
strengthened by the Spanish, who occupied the city (1538-39). Later, in 1548, the Turks,
destroyed an existing fort, and built the new fortification. The strong influence of Austro-
Hungarian fortification architecture can be noticed in the appearance of Španjola today,
which is a logical consequence of the long dominance of Austro-Hungarian empire in this
region.
 Description of cultural property:
The Španjola Fortress is located in the upper part of Herceg Novi, about 5 km from the main
Adriatic road. The area of the wider and narrower environment has been damaged by the
unplanned construction of a large number of residential buildings and private homes. The
fortress is reached by a narrow asphalt road.

The fortress is built in the form of a square with four circular bastions at the corners.
The main entrance was additionally secured by the advance-guard, ie "avanzata".
In the later period, another fortification belt was added from the sea.
It operated until the beginning of the 20th century and served as a prison during the World
War II. There are 13 facilities within the fortress:
- Defense perimeter with bastions
- Canopy
- Barracks
- Residential building
- Housing - command
- Food storage
- Sacred object - St. Joseph's church
- Tool and ammunition depot (2 buildings)
- Guard and guard officer (2 buildings)
- Prison
- Austro-Hungarian bunkers
6.
• Today the fortress is abandoned and slowly decaying,
• Protected area is in poor condition (overgrown with dense vegetation)
• The fortress itself, as a cultural property, is in a rather poor condition. It is neglected,
Condition of the cultural overgrown with plants and the objects inside are in very poor condition.
property nowadays • Access to the fort is in good condition.
• Fortress walls are in poor condition, cracked, overgrown with weeds and shrubs.

7.
Cadastral data, GPS
coordinates and graphical
image of the grounds, the
boundaries of the
immovable cultural
property, the boundaries of
its protected area and the
facilities contained therein
• Metal parts (metal entrance doors as well as bastion doors, where existing) on the
openings are corroded,
• Moisture is visible throughout the fortification (exterior and interior).
• The floor surfaces are in partially good condition (somewhere completely preserved -
part of the rampart and inside the bastion, and in some parts damaged – with some
parts missing).
State coordinates: X: 4701532.07 Y: 6544311.87
GPS coordinates: 42° 27' 23.23" N 18° 32' 2.06" E
The Fortress Španjola in Herceg Novi is located on the Cadastral Plot CP 1720, CA Topla,
owned by the Municipality of Herceg Novi. Title Deed No. 494. The area covered by the zone
of immovable cultural property is 3687m2.
The proposed protected area of the cultural property includes the entire cadastral parcel CP
1719. The total area of the protected area is 6469m2.
The proposed protected area of the cultural property extends from the zone of immovable
cultural property towards north 6m to the adjacent parcel, towards east 70m to the local
road, towards south to the local road and towards west 30m to the footpath.
The total area covered by the cultural property and the proposed protected area is
10156m2.





 TRANSLATIONS OF THE TERMS FROM THE DRAWING 1

KULTURNO DOBRO
GRAFICKI PRIKAZ 1
TVRDAVA SPANJOLA
OSNOVA TVRDJAVE SPANJOLA
KO TOPLA
JUN 2013.
LEGENDA
OSNOVA PRIZEMLJA
RAZMJERA CRTEZA 1:1000

TRANSLATIONS OF THE TERMS FROM THE DRAWING 2

KULTURNO DOBRO
GRAFICKI PRIKAZ 2

TVRDAVA SPANJOLA
PRIKAZ KULTURNOG DOBRA U
KATASTRU
KO TOPLA
JUN 2013.
LEGENDA
KATASTARSKE PARCELE
GRANICA NEPOKRETNOG KULTURNOG
DOBRA

RAZMJERA CRTEZA 1:1000

 TRANSLATIONS OF THE TERMS FROM THE DRAWING 3

KULTURNO DOBRO
GRAFICKI PRIKAZ 3

TVRDAVA SPANJOLA

GRANICNE TACKE KULTURNOG DOBRA

KO TOPLA
JUN 2013.
LEGENDA
KOORDlNATE GRANlCNlH TACAKA
KULTURNOG DOBRA

TRANSLATIONS OF THE TERMS FROM THE DRAWING 4

KULTURNO DOBRO
GRAFICKI PRIKAZ 4
TVRDAVA SPANJOLA
PRIKAZ PREDLOZENE ZASTICENE
OKOLINE KULTURNOG DOBRA
KO TOPLA
JUN 2013.

LEGENDA
KATASTARSKE PARCELE
GRANICA NEPOKRETNOG KULTURNOG
DOBRA

PREDLOZENA ZASTICENA OKOLINA

KULTUR. DOBRA

RAZMJERA CRTEZA 1:1000

 TRANSLATIONS OF THE TERMS FROM THE DRAWING 5
KULTURNO DOBRO
GRAFICKI PRIKAZ 5
TVRDAVA SPANJOLA
GRANICNE TACKE PREDLOZENE
ZASTICENE OKOLINE K. DOBRA

KO TOPLA
JUN 2013.
LEGENDA
KOORDlNATE GRANlCNlH TACAKA
KULTURNOG DOBRA

TRANSLATIONS OF THE TERMS FROM THE DRAWING 6

KULTURNO DOBRO
GRAFICKI PRIKAZ 4

TVRDAVA SPANJOLA
ORTOFOTO PRIKAZ KULTURNOG DOBRA

KO TOPLA
JUN 2013.

LEGENDA
KATASTARSKE PARCELE
GRANICA NEPOKRETNOG KULTURNOG
DOBRA

PREDLOZENA ZASTICENA OKOLINA

KULTUR. DOBRA

RAZMJERA CRTEZA 1:1000

 8. List of movable objects
that, together with
immovable cultural
property, constitute an
artistic, historical, visual or
functional entity

9. Information on the owner Cultural property:

and holder of the cultural B Sheet (CP 1720) ADMINISTRATIVE BODY OF HERCEG NOVI (Usage)
property and the protected
area of the immovable Protected area of cultural property:
cultural property B Sheet (CP 1719) ADMINISTRATIVE BODY OF HERCEG NOVI

Review of cadastral records

Montenegro Real Estate Administration
Data updated on: June 7, 2013

Extract from Title Deed in the land register:

Municipality: Herceg Novi

Cadastral Area: TOPLA
Title Deed no.: 494

Title Deed Surface

No. Sub- Usage Building Area Basis for acquisition of
Area
numberj rights
(m2)
DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 Courtyard ‐ ŠPONJALA 3.747
ADMINISTRATION
BODY
494 1720 0 A structure in ruins 1 ŠPONJALA 101 DECISION OF STATE
ADMINISTRATION BODY
 A structure in ruins DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 2 ŠPONJALA 117
ADMINISTRATION
BODY
A structure in DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 3 ŠPONJALA 31
ruins ADMINISTRATION
BODY
A structure in DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 4 ŠPONJALA 63
ruins ADMINISTRATION
BODY
A structure in DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 5 ŠPONJALA 50
ruins ADMINISTRATION
BODY
A structure in DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 6 ŠPONJALA 71
ruins ADMINISTRATION
BODY
A structure in DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 7 ŠPONJALA 92
ruins ADMINISTRATION
BODY
A structure in DECISION OF STATE
494 1720 0 8 ŠPONJALA 45
ruins ADMINISTRATION
BODY

Title Deed Surface

No. Sub- Usage Building Area Basis for acquisition of
Area
numberj rights
(m2)
DECISION OF STATE
494 1719 0 Wood of 2nd class ‐ ŠPONJALA 5.940
ADMINISTRATION
BODY

10.A
Expert opinion on
characteristics of the cultural
property - justified
10.B Expert opinion on
nature of the cultural property -
justified
10.C
Expert opinion on
importance explained
10. Criteria
Erected at the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Fortress Španjola has been expanded over
time and has remained within the frames in which it was built and has preserved its
authenticity and integrity.
This cultural property has preserved all the significant elements by which it is recognizable and
for which it was included under protection by the decision no. 1116 of 25 November 1957, and
therefore fulfills the criterion of the degree of conservation.
By synthesizing the elements that are still visible and belong to its authentic and original parts,
this cultural property fully fulfills the criterion of uniqueness and rarity of its kind.
Given the period of its origin and the continuity of its duration, this cultural property has a special
historical significance.
Artistic significance
Fortress Španjola is a very significant building of its kind both in our country and beyond because
it is a synthesis of several styles and methods of construction (medieval architecture with later
added parts in tables that were in style at the time of its expansion).
Since the Španjola Fortress exists for over 400 years and has not been archaeologically researched so
far, this cultural property is of archaeological importance.

Španjola Fortress is a synthesis of several styles and has been built and refined over the last 450
years and because of the aforementioned characteristics, this cultural property has a special
architectural significance.

Appreciating the time of its origin as well as its long-time existence, this cultural property fully fulfills
the criterion of property lifetime.

Respecting its multidisciplinary significance, features and characteristics, the scientific importance of
this cultural property it also indisputable.

The grandiose fortress gives a special appearance as a whole and fulfills the criterion of an ambient
significance.

Starting from the basic principles of the sustainable use of cultural property on the principles of
sustainable development, through tourist valorization and presentation, this cultural property fulfills the
criterion of cultural value of socio-economic importance.

Based on the given historical genesis, stylistic-chronological analysis and other significant
parameters, this cultural property possesses the values that need to be presented in order to educate
and raise awareness on its importance, and therefore fulfill the criterion of cultural value of
educational importance.
11.
Expert opinion on the
category of cultural
property explained
12.
Bibliography
13. Unwritten legend / findings
14.
Protection measures,
purpose and manner of
preserving, maintaining
and using the property
Erected in the middle of the sixteenth century and expanded over time, it dominates the
plateau on which it is located and defines space as an integral one with a significant
component of visual perception.
Respecting the stated expert opinion on the features, characteristics and significance, and
pursuant to the Art. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the Rulebook on Closer Criteria and Procedure for
Determining Cultural Values, we propose to classify the Spanjola Fortress in accordance with
Article 34 of the Law on Protection of Cultural Property as a cultural property of national
importance.
The Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, Cetinje: Fortress Španjola -
conservation conditions
Č. Marković, R. Vujičić: Cultural Monuments of Montenegro; Novi Sad-Cetinje
Boris Ilijanić, SPAIN, Herceg Novi, 2012.
In order to improve the condition of this cultural property, the following measures should be
implemented:
Conservation measures:
Based on the current condition, it is necessary to initiate the development of a
comprehensive conservation project, which includes the following:
• Cleaning the entire area from garbage, weeds and removing the grass inside the walls and
inside the buildings located in the fortress.
• Conservation of the entire facility.
• Restoration, based on authentic documentation of all facilities within this cultural
property
• Valorize the fortress in the proper way and introduce the contents that will not
compromise the integrity of the cultural property
Protection regime:
• Prohibit the erection of new facilities in the zone of protected area.
• In relation to the measures proposed by this Study, it is necessary that the
Administration for the Protection of Cultural Property, in accordance with its
powers, implement the procedure prescribed the law.
• Purpose: Existing
• Maintenance: After conservation measures have been implemented, maintenance
shall be ongoing
• Usage: As intended

Damages can be observed at the Fortress in the form of large cracks caused by the ground
movements which also caused the objects inside the fortress to be in a very poor condition.

• In order to monitor the condition of the cultural property and activities related to its
protection, as well as to make comprehensive, accurate and professionally relevant
information on the cultural property publicly available, it is necessary for the
Administration for the Protection of Cultural Property to establish an information
system on cultural property in accordance with the Article 72 of the Law on
Protection of Cultural Property, which integrates records with methodologically
harmonized relevant data on the cultural property, which will provide central
information linking of public institutions responsible for the protection and
preservation of cultural property and other legal and natural persons authorized to
perform protection activities in certain types of cultural property, competent bodies
of state and local governments and institutions and relevant institutions of other
countries and international organizations
• For the protection of the cultural property from possible misuse, the use of the
cultural property and its recognizable part for commercial purposes (advertising,
element of the company, production of souvenirs, film or photographic material, etc.)
is possible only upon the approval of the Administration for the Protection of
Cultural Property
• To place the sign "Cultural property of national importance"
 In this way, the sustainable use and preservation of the cultural property and its entire
valorization will be ensured.

15.
The main objective of this Study is to identify, preserve, present, establish measures and
regimes for the protection and preservation of cultural values of the cultural property,
based on interdisciplinary research, in accordance with the Law on Protection of Cultural
Property and International Regulations and Standards, in order to:

• establish a more up-to-date and more efficient system of access to the cultural
property by all actors in the chain of protection and conservation
• preserve the integrity and provide the conditions for the survival of the cultural
property and passing it on to future generations
• ensure the sustainable use of the cultural property in accordance with its traditional
purpose and sustainable use function
• ensure the sustainable use of the cultural property, according to its new purpose and
sustainable use function
• disseminate relevant knowledge on the values and importance of the cultural
property and to ensure that the cultural property, according to its purpose, serves the
cultural, scientific and educational needs of individuals and society
• preserve cultural diversity through the improvement of the condition and value of
cultural property, and understanding of different cultures and enhancing dialogue
between cultures and religions
• manage the risks which the cultural property is exposed to and prevent all actions and
activities that may change the appearance, property, characteristics, significance of the
cultural property

16.
A detailed description of The following activities were carried out in the process of developing the Study on the
actions carried out in the Revalorization of the Španjola Fortress:
revalorization process
• timely, efficient and effective implementation of the prescribed administrative
measures and actions
• timely, efficient and effective implementation of professional and scientific measures
• more effective adoption and implementation of conservation, protection and
management programs
• provide preconditions for more efficient development of conservation projects
• provide preconditions for the development of a long-term national financing plan for
projects for the improvement of the state of cultural property from the Budget of
Montenegro, municipal budgets and earmarked funds - rents for protection and
preservation of cultural property, in accordance with the Priority List
• provide prerequisites for more efficient development of fundraising applications with
local and international donors and funds
• ensure more effective appropriate usage in planning documents and implementation
of environmental measures
• establish timely cooperation between competent institutions and owners and holders
and encourage them to use cultural property in a sustainable way
• educate the population, raising awareness of the importance of cultural property, the
risks which they are exposed to and the need for their proper use, protection and
preservation
• documents on the legal protection of the cultural property has been collected,
systematized, reproduced and digitized,
• field visit around the cultural property, immediate insight into the current state, basic
measurements and production of Photo documentation,
 No • during the field visit, GPS coordinates were determined, on the basis of which the
geodetic layouts were provided from the Real Estate Administration,
• cadastral figures were taken from geodetic layouts, on the basis of which data were
taken over from the Portal of the Real Estate Administration, on: cadastral
municipality, cadastral parcels, state coordinates and the owner of the cultural
property and the protected area of the cultural property,
• a graphical review of the cultural property and its wider context has been made on
the basis of orthophoto images taken from the Geo-portal of the Real Estate
Administration,
• architectural drawings of the base of the cultural property and associated facilities
were made, boundaries of the cultural property and the boundaries of the proposed
protected area of the cultural property were determined,
• identification of the features and characteristics of the property based on visual
prospect and the studies of history with maximum use of literature and other
available documentation,
• by analyzing the data of all the researches conducted in the process of revalorization
of the cultural value of the cultural property, an expert opinion on the nature,
characteristics and importance of the cultural property and the proposed
categorization of the cultural property was given,
• a proposal for measures of protection, purpose, manner of preservation, maintenance
and use of the cultural property and its protected environment was defined,
• in the process of revalorization, a new Photo Documentation including 42 images was
created, which is in electronic form of the Annex to this Study.
17. Note

18.
Photographs of the cultural
property and other
elements relevant to the
cultural property
Photo 1 ‐ Entrance view
Photo 2 ‐ Signboards on the front door
Photo 3 ‐ Entrance to the tower-courtyard
Photo 4 ‐ Damage to the exterior facade
Photo 5 ‐ Entrance staircase to the tower
 Photo 6 ‐ Interior of the tower
Photo 7 ‐ 14 Facilities in the inner courtyard
Photo 15 ‐ 18 The upper level of the fortress
Photo 19 ‐ Window - Loophole

Photo 1 Photo 2
 Photo 3 Photo 4

Photo 5 Photo 6
Photo 7 Photo 8

Photo 9 Photo 10
 Photo 11 Photo 12

Photo 13 Photo 14
Photo 15 Photo 16

Photo 17 Photo 18
Photo 19
 Name and surname Signature
Mladen Kovačević, architect
Expert Team
Aleksandra Simeunović, art historian

Živko Radović, conservator

Technical Team Igor Radević, undergraduate in

architecture

* The Study is part of the Project for the Revalorization of the Cultural Property of Montenegro with the Action Plan for its
Implementation, no. 01-1212 of April 23, 2013, based and developed on the basis of expert concept, methodology, learning workshop
and guidelines, given by the author MSc Lidija Ljesar