Chapter 7

Biotechnology - Principles and

Processes

SECTION - A

School/Board Exam.

Type Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. If the gene of interest has been digested with Hind III, what is the appropriate enzyme for digesting
the vector?

Sol. …………………………………..

2. The term molecular scissors is applicable to which key tool of RDT?

Sol. ……………………………………..

3. Name the compound that is used to visualise DNA after gel electrophoresis.

Sol. …………………………………….

4. Name the organism whose DNA polymerase is utilised in PCR.

Sol. …………………………………………………..

5. Name the enzyme essential for joining fragments of desired gene product and vector.

Sol. ……………………….

6. Upon application of electric current DNA migrates opposite to which terminal?

Sol. ……………………………..

7. Name the procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced into a host bacterium.

Sol. …………………………………

8. Which step of bacterial transformation facilitates entry of DNA into bacterial cell?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………………………….

9. Name a disarmed pathogen plasmid being employed as a vector in plants.

 Sol. ……………………………….

Short Answer Type Questions :

10. How has biotechnology been defined by EFB?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………..

11. List the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern technology.

Sol. (i) ……………………………………..

(ii) …………………………………………

12. What advantage is offered by gene cloning over traditional hybridisation?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………..

13. What function is assigned to ‘ori’ region of a plasmid?

Sol. Ori – ………………………………. &……………………………….

14. What is a continuous culture system fermenter?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………………………………….

15. What do you understand by palindromic DNA?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

16. How do restriction endonucleases and methylases differ in their function?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

17. Why are restriction enzymes present in prokaryotes?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………….

18. How can bacterial cells be made to take up alien DNA?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. What are plasmids?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

20. How is chimeric genome, i.e., recombinant DNA constructed?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………………………….

21. What are selectable markers? What is their use in genetic engineering?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

22. Name the enzymes discovered by Stewart Linn and Werner Arber?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………………..

23. Suggest two methods that can generate multiple copies of a given fragment of DNA.
 Sol. (i) ……………………

(ii) ……………………….

24. What is the function of rop gene in pBR322?

Sol. ………………………………………………………………….

25. What is the recognition sequence identified by EcoRI?

Sol.

26. Explain the term elution. Light in which part of spectrum is used to visualise stained
DNA after gel electrophoresis?

Sol. ……………………………………………………….

27. What is the charge on DNA molecule? On which terminal is DNA loaded for gel electrophoresis?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………..

28. Write a short note on insertional inactivation.

Sol. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Long Answer Type Questions :

29. How has A. tumefaciens been suitably modified to act as cloning vector?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………………………………….

30. What is PCR? How is it used in genetic engineering?

Sol. ……………………………………………………………………………………….