Max Degerfalt IEC 61850

Senior Protection
Application Engineer An introduction
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 What is IEC 61850 ??
„ IEC 61850 is a global standard for “Communication Networks
and Systems in Substations”
„ It specifies an expandable data model and communication for them
„ It does not block future development of functions
„ It specifies no protection or control functions
„ It supports free allocation of functions to devices
„ It is open for different system philosophies
„ It defines Ethernet as layer 1 and 2 of the ISO/OSI model
„ Provides the broad range of features of mainstream communication
„ It provides the Substation Configuration description Language
(SCL)
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„ it supports comprehensive consistent system definition and

engineering
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 The IEC and the path to the IEC 61850 standard

„ International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is global

„ The IEC members are the national standardization organizations
„ i.e. not individuals or companies.
„ Publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and
related technologies.
„ Experts in the technical committees represent their country
„ i.e. not themselves or their employer
„ IEEE and EPRI work under a similar charter in North America
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 IEC and IEEE joined forces in 1999 and defined…

IEC 61850:
” COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS IN
SUBSTATIONS ”
„ The IEC 61850 is the first global standard in the Electric Utility field
„ Supported also in the ANSI/IEEE world
„ Some 60 experts from Europe and North America have jointly
developed the IEC 61850
„ IEC 61850 includes the UCA 2.0 as a subset
„ All 14 parts (except part 10) of the IEC 61850 are ready and were
published in 2004
„ Implementation in progress by all major vendors
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„ Influences other electric areas

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 UCA and IEC – Two “standards” emerge

… is ready now!

… products are in
development!

… attracts a lot
of attention
from customers
and vendors!

One world
One technology
One standard
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IEC 61850
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 IEC 61850 Application Domain: Substation
Automation

Station Remote control (NCC)

computer
Engineering
station
Station
Station Level gateway

Station or interbay bus (LAN)

Control Protection Control & Protection Control

Protection
Bay Level

Process bus (LAN)

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Process Level Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface

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 Structure of the IEC 61850 standard
Information and
Part 1 Introduction and Overview understanding
Part 2 Glossary
Impact on
Part 3 General Requirements tenders and
product mgmt.
Part 4 System and Project Management

Part 5 Communication Requirements Modeling

of standard
Part 6 Configuration Description Language for communication

Part 7-1 BasicCommunication

Communicationmodel
Structure (Data
(Data model
model and and Services)
Services)
Communication model (Data model and Services) Impact on
… 7- 4 Communication model (Data model and Services)
engineering
Part 10 Conformance testing

The real stuff!

Mapping Mapping Mapping Mapping
Part 8 Part 9
Stack A Stack B Stack X Stack Y Impact on
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verification
(not yet published)
Station bus Process bus
mappings mappings
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 Objectives for the IEC 61850 (1)

Reduce cost from cradle to grave and into next generation:

„ Interoperability
„ IEDs from different vendors can exchange and use information over a
common communications media.
„ The functionality in different devices are however not necessarily the same.
Therefore no interchangeability of devices from different vendors!
„ Engineering and configuration data portable between vendor tools
„ Open IED description
„ Reduce the engineering and configuration
„ IEDs capabilities described in a standardized way
„ Proprietary functions, solutions, and data still available and allowed
„ Communication closer to Power Apparatus
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„ Communication, data acquisition, and control capabilities will be directly

imbedded into the primary equipment
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 Objectives for the IEC 61850 (2)

„ Free configuration
„ Free allocation of functions in centralized or decentralized
system configurations.
„ Future proof
„ Utility and Vendor investments shall be long lived in spite of fast
changing technology
„ The standard is able to follow the progress in communication
technology as well as evolving system requirements.
„ Reduction of conventional wiring
„ LAN instead of multiple copper wires
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 Data Communication in “Human terms”
In “Human terms” (similar to ASCII protocol)
Station In this example:
computer
• TimeOverCurrent protection element has picked up),
• Circuit breaker is closed
• Phase L1 current is 2000 A
• Phase L1 voltage is 26.3 kV

IED1 IED 1 Data

“TOC Pick-up”
Protection “CB1 is Closed”
& Control “I Phase L1 is 200A”
“V Phase L1 is 26.3kV”
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CB1

Process Interface
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 Data communication using proprietary protocols
Using for example LON, DNP 3.0 or similar
Station - Data context is lost
computer

HMI Linkage
CB1 Pos = DB DW1
67 TOC PU = DB DW 2
IL1 = DB DW 3
UL1 = DB DW 4

DNP 3.0 DB
DB DW1 = IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #1
IED1 IED 1 Data DB DW 2 = IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #20
“TOC Pick-up” DB DW 3 = IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #1
“CB1 is Closed” DB DW 4 = IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #6
Protection “I Phase L1 is 200A”
& Control “V Phase L1 is 26.3kV”
DNP 3.0 Messages
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IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #1 = CB1 Pos

CB1 IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #20 = TOC PU
IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #1 = IL1
Process Interface IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #6 = UL1
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 Data Communication using IEC 61850
IEC 61850 divides data in Logical Groupings.
Station In this example:
computer
• Protection data (the TimeOverCurrent has picked up),
• Switchgear data (CB is closed) and
• Measurement data (values for V and I)

This IED uses data from three groups to supervize the CB1.

Protection Data
IED1 IED 1 Data Switchgear Data
“TOC Pick-up”
Protection “CB1 is Closed”
Measurement Data
& Control “I Phase L1 is 200A”
“V Phase L1 is 26.3kV”
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CB1

Process Interface
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 Logical Groupings

Logical Device Data attribute

1…N
LN1 LN2
(XCBR) (MMXU)

Data
1…N
StV q PhA PhB
Pos A Logical Node
1…N

Bay A Logical Device

1 ... N
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Physical Device
(network address)

Physical Device
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 Logical Node

„ Functions or equipment used in power systems are represented in

Logical Nodes, LN.
„ All information and functions in a substation is structured in atomic
units, the LNs
„ Each LN provides a list of well organized and named information
„ Complex functions use a set of LN required to represent the
function
„ Services enble the exchange of the information in LNs between
IEDs
„ Example: the LN for a Circuit Breaker has the generic name XCBR
„ New logical nodes can, if required, be created according rules
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defined in the standard

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 Logical Nodes: Total 92 divided into 13 groups
Indicator Logical node groups Qty - PDIR Directional Comparison
- PDIS Distance
L System Logical Node 3 - PSCH Protection scheme
- PTOC Time overcurrent
- PTOV Overvoltage
P Protection Functions 28
- more…
R Protection Related Functions 10
C Supervisory control 5 - RDIR Directional element
- RDRE Disturbance recorder function
- RBRF Breaker failure
G Generic Function References 3 - RFLO Fault locator
- RREC Autoreclosing
I Interface and Archiving 4
- more…

A Automatic control 4
M Metering and Measurement 8 - MMXU Measuring (Measurand unit)
- MMTR Metering
- MSQI Sequence and imbalance
S Sensors, Monitoring 4 - MHAI Harmonics and inter-harmonics

- more …..
X Switchgear 2
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T Instrument Transformer 2 - XCBR Circuit breaker

- XSWI Circuit switch
Y Power Transformer 4
Z Further (power system) 5
equipment
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 LN: Time Overcurrent Name: PTOC
PTOC class
Attribute Name Attr. Type Explanation T M/O
LNName Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)
Data
Common Logical Node Information
LN shall inherit all mandatory data from Common Logical Node Class M
OpCntRs INC Resetable operation counter O
Status Information
Str ACD Start M
Op ACT Operate T M
TmASt CSD Active curve characteristic O
Settings
TmACrv CURVE Operating Curve Type O
StrVal ASG Start Value O
TmMult ASG Time Dial Multiplier O
MinOpTmms ING Minmum Operate Time O
MaxOpTmms ING Maximum Operate Time O
OpDITmms ING Operate Delay Time O
TypRsCrv ING Type of Reset Curve O
RsDITmms ING Reset Delay Time O
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DirMod ING Directional Mode O

T = Transient, M = Mandatory, O = Optional

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 355 different types of data

Data Classes Quantity -A Phase to ground amperes for phases 1, 2 and 3

- Amp Amperes for non-phase related measurements
System information 13
- PPV Phase to phase voltages
Physical device information 11 - PhV Phase to ground voltages
- Vol Voltage for measurement

Measurands 66 - Hz Frequency
- Imp Non-phase related Impedance
Metered values 14 -Z Phase Impedance

- TotW Total active power (Total P)

Controllable data 36 -W Phase active power (P)
- TotVAr Total reactive power (Total Q)
Status information 85 - VAr Phase reactive power (VAr)
- TotVA Total apperant power (VA)
- TotPf Average power factor (Total Pf)
Settings 130 - Pf Phase power factor (Pf)

355 - More….
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 IEC 61850 modelling example

Bay A Bay Unit BayA/Q0CSWI

PTOC (Time Over Current)

RREC (Autorecloser)
Q0CSWI (Control – Circuit breaker)
MMXU (Measurement unit)

CSWI (Control - Disconnector)

MMTR (Metering)
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 IEC 61850 modelling example

Bay A Bay Unit BayA/Q0CSWI.Pos

PTOC (Time Over Current)

RREC (Autorecloser)
Q0CSWI (Control – Circuit breaker)
Mode Mode
Beh Behavior
Health Health
NamePlt Name Plate
Loc Location
OperCnt Operation Counter
Pos Switch position general
PosA Switch Position Phase A
PosB Switch Position Phase B
PosC Switch Position Phase C
OpOpn Operation open switch
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OpCls Operation close switch

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 IEC 61850 modeling example
Bay A Bay Unit BayA/Q0CSWI.Pos.stVal

PTOC (Time Over Current)

RREC (Autorecloser)
Q0CSWI (Control – Circuit breaker)
Mode Mode
Beh Behavior
Health Health
NamePlt Name Plate
Loc Location
OperCnt Operation Counter
Pos Switch position general
ctVal
stVal
pulseConfig Intermediate-state (0)
operTim off (1)
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q on (2)
bad-state (3)
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 Horizontal (peer-to-peer) communication

Station Station
computer gateway

GOOSE

Control Protection Control & Control Protection

Protection

Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface

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GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented System-wide Events

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 IEC 61850 GOOSE Priority tagging
Ethernet-Switch

Overtake lane for IEC GOOSE

GOOSE
Normal
Telegrams
Buffer for normal telegrams

„ IEC 61850 uses standard Ethernet

„ IEC 61850 can therefore take advantage from all the
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options of modern Ethernet

„ These options are not avilable in other protocols
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 Sampled analog Values on the Process Bus –
Next release
IEC 61850-8-1

„ Currents and voltages are sampled and

distributed to users over the process bus Protection
LAN(s)
„ One single A/D conversion
„ High speed sampling
„ Up to 80 samples per period for Sampled
protection (4 kHz) Values IEC 61850-9-2
Process bus
„ 256 samples per period for power quality
„ Sampling directly in modern CTs/VTs
„ Sampling in Merging Units Merging
Unit (MU) CTs/VTs
„ Merging Units convert proprietary analog
data acquisition to IEC 61850-9-2
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 The substation LAN
„ IEC 61850 specifies only the interface to the substation LAN
„ The LAN itself is left to the system integrator
„ The Ethernet LAN is a subpart of the station and needs
engineering, configuration, supervision, and control as any other
subparts
„ A network management system is appropriate
„ The LAN topology depends on a number of constraints:
„ Operational requirements for the substation
„ Size of the substation
„ Reliability and availability
„ etc.
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„ The substation LAN as a whole will likely be separated in a station

bus and one or more process buses
„ Experience from previous substation communication architectures have
shown that this is a sensible approach
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 Station bus and conventional process wiring
Network
Engineering/
Control HSI
Monitoring
Center

Router switch

IEC 61850 Stations bus

Bay IED IED Bay IED IED

Controller A A Controller A A
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Switchgear CTs/VTs Switchgear CTs/VTs

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 Separate station and process busses
Network Engineering/
Control HSI
Monitoring
Center

Router switch

IEC 61850-8-1 Stations bus

Bay IED IED Bay IED IED

Controller A A Controller A A

IEC 61850-9-2 IEC 61850-9-2

Ethernet Process bus Ethernet Process bus
Switch Switch
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Modern Modern Modern Modern

Switchgear CTs/VTs Switchgear CTs/VTs
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 Common station and process bus
Network
Engineering/
Control HSI
Monitoring
Center

Router switch

Common Stations
and Process bus

Bay IED IED Bay IED IED

Controller A A Controller A A

Ethernet Ethernet
Switch Switch
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Modern Modern Modern Modern

Switchgear CTs/VTs Switchgear CTs/VTs
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 Station bus in ring
Network
Control Engineering/
HSI
Center Monitoring

Router switch

Ethernet in ring with switches IEC 61850-8-1

Station bus

Bay IED IED Bay IED IED

Controller A A Controller A A

IEC 61850-9-2 IEC 61850-9-2

Ethernet Process bus Ethernet Process bus
Switch Switch
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Modern Modern Modern Modern

Switchgear CTs/VTs Switchgear CTs/VTs
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 Engineering and Configuration

„ Savings from efficient IED engineering

„ IEDs are engineered using manufacturer specific IED
configuration tools
„ Configuration tools translate the IED capabilities to the SCL
(Substation Configuration description Language)
„ SCL enables information exchange between IED configuration
tools from different manufacturers
„ SCL secures backwards compatibility between different versions
of IEDs and IED configuration tools
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 Engineering and Configuration Example 1/3
IED A IED B
„ Step 1: config.
tool
config.
tool

„ Select IEDs according to

functional requirements
„ Configure IEDs
IEC 61850
„ IED specific tool Ethernet
Vendor A
„ Default IED Capability IED

Description file, ICD, as

basis
Vendor B
„ Create ICD, for the IED Capability IED

Description files, ICD System

individual IEDs config.
tool
„ Load all ICD files into the
System Configuration Substation
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Description database Configuration

Description

System Configuration
Description file, SCD
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 Engineering and Configuration Example 2/3
IED A IED B
„ Step 2: config.
tool
config.
tool

„ Load all ICD files into the

System Configuration
Description database
IEC 61850
„ Define cross-references Ethernet
Vendor A
between IEDs IED

„ Set System parameters for

IEDs IED Capability
Vendor B
IED
Description files, ICD System
„ Update the individual ICD config.
tool
files
Substation
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Configuration
Description
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 Engineering and Configuration 3/3
IED A IED B
„ Step 3: config. config.
tool tool
„ Load fetch the ICD files from the
System Configuration Description
database
„ Create the run-time parameter
files for the individual IEDs IEC 61850
Ethernet
„ in vendor specific format Vendor A
IED
„ in a SCL based format as
Configured IED Description file
„ Load the run-time files into the Vendor B
IED Capability IED
individual IEDs Description files, ICD
„ MMS services
„ FTP
„ proprietary method Substation
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Configuration
Description

System Configuration
Description files, SCD
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 Control and Event Handling

„ IEC 61850 Control

„ The use of Control and Event Blocks are predefined by the LN
definition.
„ Other protocols
„ The existing solution with Command and Event Block will be
used.
„ GOOSE
„ The GOOSE will be handled by using send and receive
Function Blocks
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 Control and Event Handling

Control handling 61850

(61850 + others) DataSet/Reporting

Event reporting
Application
(LON/SPA, etc)

„ Event and control handling for

Visible in Function Block
environment
Base SW functionality, not
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IEC61850 will be made in the
”hidden” control handling blocks.
„ Event handling for existing

shown to the user protocols will be made as today.

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 Logical Node names in 600-series
Prefix Type Name Description
CC RBRF Breaker failure
SMP PTRC Single Multi pole tripping Logic
SMB RREC Autoreclosing
S CILO Interlocking
SEC RSYN Synchronism-check or synchronising
S CSWI Switch controller
S XSWI Circuit switch
S XCBR Circuit breaker
EF PIOC Instantaneous non-directional residual overcurrent protection
EC PSCH Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection
ECRW PSCH Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for residual overcurrent
protection
ZMQ PDIS Distance protection
TMP RDRE Disturbance report
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… …. ……..
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 Migration to IEC 61850

„ Migration is technically possible as

„ Replacement of station level devices
„ Total or partial replacement bay level devices
„ Total or partial replacement process level devices
„ Extension with one or more bays
„ Migration may not be profitable
„ Two kinds of maintenance types in mixed installations
„ No functional benefits
„ Consider to migrate the total substation!
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 Migration on station level
„ Station computers and
gateways will for long be New
Station
compatible with current station computer
bus protocols/interfaces Old station bus

IEC 61850-8-1
„ Separation of communication
and operator functions will
allow for mix of station bus
protocols, e.g. IEC 61850-8-1 Bay IED IED
Controller A A
and LON
„ Problems if the station bus is
IEC 61850-9-2
used for station wide fast
functions, e.g. interlocking,
transfer between two buses Process Interface Switchgear CTs/VTs
may take time
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 Migration on bay and process levels

„ Replacement of single IED

„ Replace with plug compatible IED, if possible an IEC 61850
compatible one
„ Retrofit of bay
„ Select an IEC 61850 compliant set of IEDs, vendors will have
IEC 61850 compliant IEDs with interfaces compliant to today's
„ Extension with new bay
„ As for retrofit but consider also a full process bus
„ Retrofit of primary equipment or transducer/actuator
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„ Same as retrofit or new bays

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 Conformity tests

„ The conformity tests include verification of the vendor

provided information and tools, as for example
„ The formal SCL description of the IED in the ICD file, IED Configuration
Description file
„ The SCD, System Configuration Description, file that describes the
system used for the verification of the IED.

„ Conformity tests can be performed by the vendor

himself or by an independent test organization as KEMA
„ Interoperability between products from different vendors
guaranteed by
„ Quality Assurance program during development, market introduction,
and project execution
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„ Conformity tests as type test for the commuincation capabilities

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 What is not part of IEC 61850

„ Product functions are not

Competition
standardized and not included
remains …
„ Operator functions and operator
interfaces are not standardized
and not included
„ Products from different vendors
are interoperable
but not necessarily
interchangeable
„ ..so it still matters what supplier
the customers choose
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 IEC 61850 – Benefits and Conclusions
„ The standard for substation automation!
„ Higher degree of flexibility though interoperability
between IEDs from different vendors
„ Taking full advantage of future innovations within
Substation Automation and communication technologies
„ Promises cost reductions from design to operation and
maintenance!
„ Substation architecture adapted to your requirements
„ Gives the opportunity to select ‘Best value in use’
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„ Embraced by vendors and users equally!

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 IEC 61850 - References / Links

„ All IEC standards are available via Standardportalen on

ABB Intranet
http://gad01-01.se.abb.com/global/secrc/secrc500.nsf
„ IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems in
Substations
http://www.61850.com
„ UCA International Usersgroup
http://www.ucausersgroup.org
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 Substation Automation System Overview
Existing Third Party

ABB scope of supply

MEINBERG
NTP Timeserver COM581 IEC60870-5- Existing
101 Third Party

IEC61850
Hard-wired

100 Mbit/s Existing

Ethernet ring bus
Cubicles
REC316 REL316
Migration of
... 7 feeders in
total
RIO580
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Third party

...

380kV Feeder Wiesental Nord ....................................................... Feeder xy

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