Professional Documents
Culture Documents
https://sites.google.com/view/grouptitan/home?authuser=0
© Emilio Barocio 1
v Contenido
• Introducción
• Formulación nodal
• Ejemplos
2 © Emilio Barocio
Electrical Regions of MIS About MX:
• The current population of Mexico is
around 129 mills
• 83.8 % of the population is urban
7 • The median age in Mexico is 29.2 years.
• Is the latest power system in latino-
4
america to be transformed in an open
5 energy market 2013.
9 6
3 1 8
2
© Emilio Barocio 9
Effective capacity installed in power plants.
© Emilio Barocio 10
© Emilio Barocio 11
© Emilio Barocio 12
© Emilio Barocio 13
© Emilio Barocio 14
© Emilio Barocio 15
Transmission lines and level of tension on MIS
© Emilio Barocio 16
High penetration of wind power at southwest and solar power at north and
central of MIS
High penetration of wind and solar power plants may have an adverse impact on power
systems’ stability by reducing the inertia and modifying the energy market price.
Problems like frequency stability could appear due to reduction on the total inertia system’s,
making the power system more vulnerable to disturbances
© Emilio Barocio 17
Elaborated by Karen Villareal
Impact of the weather change
You can see MX with marks that says, “dry & warm
New formulation that consider the weather change must be develop and included
into the power system analysis tools.
© Emilio Barocio 18
Congestion energy on the MIS
CENACE emitted each day the most important operative conditions; for example 05/08/2020
emitted an alert about congestion energy between Los Mochis and Guamuchil zone, due to a
simple contingency.
Elaborated by CENACE
https://www.gob.mx/cenace/archivo/prensa
© Emilio Barocio 19
Z=R+jX(L(w),C(w))
• Cortas
• Medianas
• Largar
R,L,C
© Emilio Barocio 20
R,L,C
S=P+jQ
500KM
230KM
© Emilio Barocio 21
Personas
afectadas
$$$
MW
FALLA
Muy cerca de
sus límites
operativos Superior a
sus límites
operativos.
© Emilio Barocio 22
Case study 2 …
CFE network
CRL-230 MZL-230
200 MW
out of service
200 MW
overloading ZAP-230
150MW
• The initiating event ( July 2008) was the increase from 150 to 200 MW of unit # 3
of the hydroelectric plant El Caracol (CRL), located in the south-western region of
the MIS.
• This event isolated 588 MW of generation from the rest of the system
• The event propagated to several areas of MIS: Southeastern, Northern,
Northeaster system
A:Respuesta inercial
Case study 2 … B: Primaria y lo situa en
el punto nadir
C: Control secundario
A
C
Dr. E. Barocio
25 © Emilio Barocio
25
Como determino la energia que fluye una RED ELECTRICA
DE GRAN DIMENSION?
26 © Emilio Barocio
Lineas y subestaciones de la REM
27 © Emilio Barocio
Motivacion para el
problema de flujos de potencia
V1, q1
r12 + jx12
V2 , q 2 1 ~
F(X ) = 0
~ 4
2
3
~
6
5 Variables de estado
desconocidas:
© Emilio Barocio 28
Ley de Ohm’s
U
U – Voltaje
I – Corriente
R - Resistencia
I R
© Emilio Barocio 29
Potencia y perdidas
Potencia: P=UxI
1 2
U1 P12 P12 U2
1 2
I12
P121 = U1 I12 = U1 (U1 - U 2 ) / R = R1 (U12 - U1 U 2 )
P12 = -U 2 I12 = U 2 (U 2 - U1 ) / R = R (U 2 - U1 U 2 )
2 1 2
P121 ¹ P122
P121 + P122 = P12 perd = I122 R
© Emilio Barocio 30
Ley de Kirchoff
W
M
M
que salen. En otras palabras la W
55
suma algebraica de todas las 100 MW 75 MW
inyecciones y la suma de los que i
salen, es igual a cero. MW
80
350 MW 515 MW
© Emilio Barocio 31
Ley de Kirchoff …
Esta ley cumple tambien para area cerrada.
100
Area 1 +
100 MW
50
50
MW MW +
200 150
-
150 100 MW 150 MW
MW 0 MW 150
10 -
50 MW
150 MW 150
350 MW
______
100 MW 150 MW
0
© Emilio Barocio 32
Ley de Kirchoff …
Esta ley tambien se cumple, cuando se trabaja en el
control de areas: La suma de toda la generacion,
carga y inter-flujos es igual a 0.
CA1 CA2
CA3
© Emilio Barocio 33
Ejemplo: Sistema de 2 nodos
1
I12 = (U1 - U 2 )
U1 U2 R
I12
I 2 - I12 = 0 Þ I 2 = I12
R
I1 1
I2 = (U1 - U 2 )
I2
R
- I1 + I12 = 0 Þ I1 = I12
ì1
ï (U1 - U 2 ) = I 2 1
ïR I1 = (U1 - U 2 )
í R
ï 1 (U1 - U 2 ) = I 2 I1 = I 2 = I12
ï
îR
Las ecuaciones del sisteam tienen un numero infinito de
soluciones
© Emilio Barocio 34
FORMULACION NODAL
© Emilio Barocio 35
Empleo de la Ybus
© Emilio Barocio 36
Ecuaciones de nodo
© Emilio Barocio 37
Ejemplo
yb
3 yc 1 yd 2
ya yf ye
yg
4
1 2 3 4
1 é(Yc + Yd + Y f ) - Yd - Yc - Yf ù
2 ê - Yd (Yb + Yd + Ye ) - Yb - Ye ú
ê ú
3
ê - Yc - Yb (Ya + Yb + Yc ) 0 ú
ê ú
4
ë - Y f - Ye 0 (Ye + Y f + Y )
g û
© Emilio Barocio 38
Ecuaciones de nodo
1 2 3 4
1
éY11 Y12 Y13 Y14 ù éV1 ù é I1 ù
2 êY Y22 Y23 Y24 ú êV2 ú ê I 2 ú
ê 21 úê ú = ê ú
3
êY31 Y32 Y33 Y34 ú êV3 ú ê I 3 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
ëY41 Y42 Y43 Y44 û ëV4 û ë I 4 û
4
© Emilio Barocio 39
Ejemplo.
→
%&# %&* %&+
"# = "* = "+ =
1 '1 1
' 10 '4
© Emilio Barocio 40
Realizando el paso 3:
Resultando:
−7 −3 0 -./ 2.
# 3 −3 1 1 -0/ = 20
0 1 −5 -1/ 21
Características de !:
-Simetría.
-Dispersa.
-Cuadrada.
-Diagonal dominante.
-Conectividad del sistema.
© Emilio Barocio 41
Ejemplo: Matriz Ybus
•Grafo de conectividad del SEP
•Dispersidad de la Ybus
© Emilio Barocio 42
Ejemplos para resolver.
1-
! = # + %&'(
)
Y= *
© Emilio Barocio 43
- Obtenga conclusiones técnicas de los ejemplos
descritos en los circuitos.
© Emilio Barocio 44
Considere el siguiente sistema de 2 nodos
(V1 - V2 ) Yc 1
I1 = + V1 = 12 - j16
Z 2 0.03 + j 0.04
é I1 ù é12 - j15.9 -12 + j16 ù éV1 ù
ê I ú = ê -12 + j16 12 - j15.9 ú êV ú
ë 2û ë ûë 2û
© Emilio Barocio 45
Resolviendo para las corrientes
© Emilio Barocio 46
Resolviendo para las corrientes
© Emilio Barocio 48
Analisis de Flujos de Potencia
© Emilio Barocio 49
!! Gracias !!
TITAN
Data Analytic group
https://sites.google.com/view/adag/home
© Emilio Barocio 50