PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Modifiable Factors: Lifestyle; Diet; Hygiene

Non-modifiable Factor: Age

Etiology: Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium,

Escherichia coli, Yersinia,Norovirus, adenovirus

Person to person (hands) Contaminated food and/or water

Ingestion of Pathogens

Direct invasion of the bowel wall Endotoxins are released

Nausea & vomiting

Stimulation and destruction of mucosal lining of the bowel wall

Fluid and electrolytes imbalance
Digestive and absorptive malfunction Excessive gas formation GI Distention
Secretion of fluid &
Dehydration
electrolytes in the Increased secretion of Cl
intestinal lumen & HCO3 ions in the bowel
Increased peristaltic Dry lips, dry mouth,
movement flushed skin, fatigue,
and irritability
Inhibition of Na
reabsorption
Diarrhea
NURSING CARE PLAN

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS BACKGROUND PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION

STUDY

Subjective: Diarrhea Introduction of bacteria After 8 hours of Nursing Independent: Goal met
into the GI tract
related to Intervention, client will
“Agkarasubli ak >Monitor I/O. >These assessments After 8 hours of
dyay banyo ta physiological be able to reestablish and
agpasipasikal atoy
are used to monitor Nursing Intervention,
factors maintain normal pattern
tyan ko Release of bacterial volume status. client will be able to
(parasites) toxins of bowel functioning.
reestablish and
>To allow for bowel
Objective: maintain normal pattern
>Restrict solid food rest/ reduced intestinal
Disrupts the mucus intake. of bowel functioning.
>BM (6x), workload
lining of the stomach
watery and
> Increase oral fluid > To ensure adequate
yellowish in
intake and return to amt. of fluid is taken by
color Release of HCl
normal diet as the pt.
cause gastric irritation
>Body weakness tolerated.

     
Increase gastric
motility/peristalsis

Dependent:
> To decrease
 > Administer gastrointestinal
Increase gastric
antidiarrheal motility and minimize
motility
medications as fluid loses
indicated.
Frequent defecation
(Diarrhea)

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS BACKGROUND PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EXPECTED

STUDY OUTCOME
Subjective: Risk for Digestive and After 2 hrs of nursing Independent Goal Meet
deficient fluid absorptive malfunction intervention the ct with
>Monitor I/O >To ensure accurate After 2 hrs of nursing
volume r/t the help of the "SO" will
balance, being aware picture of fluid status. intervention the ct with
Objective: excessive loss be able to demonstrate
of altered intake or the help of the "SO"
of fluids and Increased secretion of behaviors to prevent
>watery stool output. was able to demonstrate
electrolytes. fluid and electrolytes in development of fluid
>To prevent behaviors to prevent
>vomiting the lumen volume deficit. >Offer fluids between
occurrence of deficit development of fluid
meals & regularly
volume deficit.
throughout the day.
Increased water content
> Promote intake of
of the stools
high-water content
acompanied by >To facilitate
foods and/or
vomiting hydration
electrolyte
replacement drinks.

Imbalanced fluid and Dependent:

electrolytes
>Provide
supplemental fluids
> Fluids may be given
as indicated.
Risk for deficient fluid if the ct. is unable to
volume take oral fluid, or when
 rapid fluid
resuscitation is
required.

> To decrease
>Administer gastrointestinal
medications motility and minimize
(antidiarrheals. fluid loses
antiemetics) as
indicated.