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Cost Estimation
Effort Estimation
Duration
Estimation
Scheduling
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1/5/2021 Software Engineering Lab#03
Basic COCOMO Model
• Development time is roughly the same for all the three
categories of products:
– For example, a 60 KLOC program can be developed in
approximately 18 months
• regardless of whether it is of organic, semi-detached, or embedded
type.
– There is more scope for parallel activities for system and
application programs,
• than utility programs.
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1/5/2021 Software Engineering Lab#03
Intermediate COCOMO
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1/5/2021 Software Engineering Lab#03
Intermediate COCOMO
• For accurate estimation,
– the effect of all relevant parameters must be considered:
– Intermediate COCOMO model recognizes this fact:
• refines the initial estimate obtained by the basic COCOMO by
using a set of 15 cost drivers (multipliers).
• If modern programming practices are used,
– initial estimates are scaled downwards.
• If there are stringent reliability requirements on the product,
– initial estimate is scaled upwards.
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1/5/2021 Software Engineering Lab#03
Intermediate COCOMO
• Effort=EAF*c*(size)k
– EAF (effort adjustment factor) is the product of effort
multipliers corresponding to each cost driver rating
– c is a constant based on the developmental mode
– Some papers have taken value of c same as that of Basic
COCOMO, some other papers have taken value of c as
• for organic products, c = 3.2
• for semi-detached products, c = 3.0
• for embedded products, c = 2.8
– size = 1000s Delivered Source Instruction (KDSI)
– k is a constant for a given mode, same as Basic COCOMO
Intermediate COCOMO 81