BY : PRIYANK B.

BUSA
Y510002
SIR. S. N. RANSHUR
 WATER LOGGING

INTRODUCTION
EFFECTS
CAUSES
PREVENTION
 INTRODUCTION
 Ministry of Water Resources estimated in 2001 that an
area of 2.04 million hectare was suffering from the
problem of water logging under irrigation commands.
 This accounts for nearly 4% of net area irrigated in the
country
 Out of this, an area of 1.4 million hectare was estimated
to be suffering from surface water stagnation and 0.64
million hectare through rise in water table.
 Worldwide, about 10% of all irrigated land suffers from
water logging.
 INTRODUCTION
AN IRRIGATED AREA IS SAID TO BE
WATERLOGGED
 WHEN THE SHALLOW WATER TABLE RISES
TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT SOIL PORES IN
THE ROOT ZONE OF A CROP BECOME
SATURATED, RESULTING IN RESTRICTION
OF THE NORMAL CIRCULATION OF THE AIR
IN O2 & CO2

 WHEN THE SURPLUS WATER STAGNATES

DUE TO POOR DRAINAGE
 INTRODUCTION
 The actual depth
PICS CROPS DEPTH OF
of water table, WATER TABLE (m)
when it starts wheat 0.9 to 1.2
affecting the yield
of the crops
Cotton 1.5 to 1.8
adversely, may
vary over a wide
range from zero Rice 0.6
for rice to about
1.5 meters for Sugarcane 0.9
other crops
 Height of Fodder crop 1.2
capillary fringe
 Type of crop
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES ADOPTED IN
1991, THE FOLLOWING NORMS FOR
IDENTIFICATION OF WATER LOGGED AREAS:

IRRIGATION AREAS WATER TABLE

Water logged Areas Water table within 2 meters

(Due to rise in water Table) of the land surface

Potential Areas for Water table between 2 to 3

water logging meters below land surface

Safe Areas Water table below 3 meters

of land surface
EFFECTS OF WATER LOGGING
 Absence of aeration of soil in the root zone of
the plants
 Difficulty in cultivation operations
 Growth of water weeds & wild aquatic plants
 Rise of salts in surface layers
 Restricted root growth
 Lower soil temperature
 Plant diseases
CAUSES OF WATER LOGGING
 Seepage from  Obstruction of
canals natural drainage
 Over irrigation of  Obstruction of
fields subsoil drainage
 Inadequate surface  Obliteration of
drainage natural drainage
 Incorrect &  Nature of soil black cotton
soil
Defective methods
of Irrigation  Construction of a
reservoir
Water logging causes yellowing of leaves, stunted
growth, small and shallow root systems. Also
particularly nitrogen deficiency causes yellowing of
the leaves in winter
 PREVENTION OF
WATER LOGGING
 REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM IRRIGATION
CHANNELS

 REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM WATER

COURSES AND FIELDS

 ENCOURAGING ECONOMICAL USE OF WATER

 INCREASING OUTFLOW FROM THE GROUND

WATER RESERVOIR
PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING
REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM
IRRIGATION CHANNELS

 LINING OF CHANNELS

 LOWERING OF FULL SUPPLY LEVEL OF

IRRIGATION CHANNELS

 PROVIDING INTERCEPTOR DRAINS

AMONG CHANNELS
LINING OF CHANNELS REDUCING FSL
PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING
REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM
WATER COURSES AND FIELDS

 LINING OF WATER COURSES

 CONTROLLING INTENSITY OF
IRRIGATION
PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING
ENCOURAGING ECONOMICAL USE OF
WATER

 EDUCATING THE CULTIVATORS TO USE

WATER ECONOMICALLY

 CHANGING CROP PATTERN

 CHANGING REVENUE POLICY

PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING
INCREASING OUTFLOW FROM THE
GROUND WATER RESERVOIR

 PROVIDING A DRAINAGE SYSTEM

 IMPROVING THE NATURAL DRAINAGE OF

THE AREA

 PUMPING GROUND WATER

DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
 CASE STUDY
To study the effect of
water logging on crop
production, a study was
made at a small farm at
Rauni near Patiala (Punjab)
The study showed
the difference in yield per
hectare as follows:
crop 1951-52 1959-60
( yield per ( yield per
hectare ) hectare )
cotton 7.32 kN 0.098 kN

wheat 13.18 kN 8.79 kN

 CONCLUSION
 UNDER THE RESTRUCTURED CAD PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTED FROM THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2004-05, THE
COST NORM FOR RECLAMATION OF WATER LOGGED
AREA HAS BEEN INCREASED FROM RS.12000 PER.HEC
TO RS.15000 PER.HEC
 SO WITH THE INCREASING LOST, IT IS BETTER TO TAKE
THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES BEFORE HAND

AS WE KNOW “ PREVENTION IS BETTER

THAN CURE ”