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Computer Network: Networking Page 1
Computer Network: Networking Page 1
29 2019 16:27
NETWORKING Page 1
OSI LAYER
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PHYSICAL LAYER
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DATA LINK LAYER
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NETWROK LAYER
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TRANSPORATION LAYER
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SESSION LAYER
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PRESENTATION LAYER
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APPLICATION LAYER
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LAN, MAN, WAN
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TCP
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IP
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CLASSFULL CLASS: A, B, C, D, E
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CLASSLESS ADDRESS CIDR
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UDP
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MAC ADDRESS
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Internetworking & Networking devices
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CABLE TYPES
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REPEATERS
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HUBS
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ROUTERS
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BRIDGES
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SWITCHING
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GATEWAY
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IDS
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FIREWALL
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MODEM
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TOPOLOGY
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MESH
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STAR OR HUB
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BUS
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RING
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ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION
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SINGLE BIT PARITY
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Two-dimensional Parity check
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HAMMING
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CHECKSUM
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This is a block code method where a checksum is created based on the data values in the
data blocks to be transmitted using some algorithm and appended to the data. When the
receiver gets this data, a new checksum is calculated and compared with the existing
checksum. A non-match indicates an error.
Example
Suppose that the sender wants to send 4 frames each of 8 bits, where the frames are
11001100, 10101010, 11110000 and 11000011.
The sender adds the bits using 1s complement arithmetic. While adding two numbers
using 1s complement arithmetic, if there is a carry over, it is added to the sum.
After adding all the 4 frames, the sender complements the sum to get the checksum,
11010011, and sends it along with the data frames.
The receiver performs 1s complement arithmetic sum of all the frames including the
checksum. The result is complemented and found to be 0. Hence, the receiver assumes
that no error has occurred.
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CRC
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FLOW CONTROL PROTOCOL
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PORT NUMBERS
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DHCP 67/68 UDP IF NEED DYNAMIC IP. NOT NEEDED FOR STATIC IP.
67 = DATA
68 = CONTROL
TFTP 69 UDP TRIVIAL FILE TRANFER PROTOCOL = WHEN CLIENT WANT
TO SEND DATA TO SERVER WITHOUT MAKING A DATA
CONNECTION - NO HAND SHARING.
HTTP 80 TCP ALL WEBPAGES.
POP 110 TCP POST OFFICE PROTOCOL. FOR POPPING OR WITHDRWAING
MAILS FROM SERVER TO OUR PC.
NTP 123 UDP NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL. FOR TIME SYNC OF SERVER AND
CLIENT MACHINE. NOT NEEDED A CONNECTION HENCE UDP.
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IP4 VS IP6
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IP4
FLOW LABEL = CONVERT DATAGRAM IN IP6 INTO VIRTUAL CIRCUITS FOR REAL TIME DATA
TRANSMISSION
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