Basics of post installed rebar connections 1 Applications 14.1. Advantages of post-installed rebar connections With the use of the Hilli-HIT injection systems it is possible to connect new reinforcement to existing structures with maximum confidence and flexibility. © design fle: + reliable like castin horizontal, vertical and overhead + form work © defined load + simple, high confidence simplification characteristics application 4.2 Application examples Post installed rebar connections are widely used within the construction industry in a wide range of applications, which vary from new construction projects, to structure upgrades and infrastructure requalfications. Post-installed rebar connections in new construction projects 428 412000Post-installed rebar connections in structure upgrades Wall strenghtening New slab constructions Joint strenghtening Postinstalled rebar connections in infrastructure requalfcations. Slab widening Structural u 2008 429f post installed 2 Rebar basics 2.1 Definition of rebar Rebar is standing for REinforcement BAR. At Hilti the word is used for a reinforcement bar inserted into a borehole filled with Hilti HIT in reinforced concrete structures, in other words for post-installed reinforcement. Post-installed reinforcement can be split up into four different main applications: Good detailing practice Shear studs Rebar as structural rebar Rebar as an anchor In the course of the Anchor FTM the focus will be on the last two types of applications. Chapter 3, “Adhesive Anchoring Systems’, deals with rebar as an anchor. The current chapter focuses on rebar as structural rebar, where the reinforcement is purely loaded in the longitudinal direction. & « fo > sesPeressavissssssgcogy, bet Peeeseaeeeeeeusen! Figure 2.1: Example of structural rebar application Structural rebar is characterized by very high loads. The reinforcement is often loaded up to steel yielding. The concrete structure (connection) shows a good serviceability. The deformations are small and due to this the crack width and therefore the influences by the environment (corrosion) are limited. The concrete connections behave as a monolithic structure or in other words as if the concrete was poured in one go. The high loads which can occur in either the anchorage or the splice can lead to an embedment length up to 15 til 80 times the diameter of the reinforcement. The design can be done according to two design concepts; + Structural code, for instance EC2 EN 1992-1-1:2004 chapter 8.4 anchorage of longitudinal reinforcement, based on approvals (e.g. ETA according to EOTA TRO23) See paragraph 4 of this chapter for an overview of the approvals * Hilti HIT-Rebar design concept, based on the American Standard (ACI 318-08), where the allowable bond stress is controlled by splitting / spalling behaviour. For this type of connections an engineer is usually involved in the design. 430 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections 2.2 Rebar as an anchor Rebar as an anchor is characterized by the fact it is not possible to splice the reinforcement (due to e.g. lack of useable reinforcement). The loads are typically smaller as in the case of structural rebar and the serviceability is slightly lower. The anchor failure modes like concrete cone failure or combined concrete cone and pull-out failure are considered in this application according to standard anchor design. For this type of connections an engineer is usually involved in the design. 2.3 Cast-in ribbed bars Generally, for load transfer in reinforced concrete only tensile or compressive forces in bars are considered, For ribbed bars, the load transfer in concrete is governed by the bearing of the ribs against the concrete (figure 2.3.2). The force reaction in the concrete is assumed to form a compressive strut in the direction of 45° For higher bond stress values, the concentrated bearing forces in front of the ribs cause the formation of cone-shaped cracks starting at the crest of the ribs. The resulting concrete keys between the ribs transfer the bearing forces into the surrounding concrete, but the wedging action of the ribs remains limited. In this stage the displacement of the bar with respect to the concrete (slip) consists of bending of the keys and crushing of the concrete in front of the ribs. The bearing forces, which are inclined with respect to the bar axis, can be decomposed into directions parallel and perpendicular to the bar axis. The sum of the parallel components equals the bond force, whereas the radial components induce circumferential tensile stresses in the surrounding concrete, which may result in longitudinal radial (splitting / spalling) cracks. sntmal cack Figure 2.3.a: Load transfer from ribbed bars into concrete Two failure modes can be considered: a) Bond failure (fig. 2.3. if the confinement (concrete cover, transverse reinforcement) is sufficient to prevent splitting of the concrete cover, bond failure is caused by pull-out of the bar. In that case the concrete keys are sheared off and a sliding plane around the bar is created. Thus, the force transfer mechanism changes from rib bearing to friction. The shear resistance of the keys can be considered as a criterion for this transition. It is attended by a considerable reduction of the bond stress. Under continued loading the sliding surface is smoothed due to wear and compaction, which will result in a further decrease of the bond stress, similar to the case of plain bars. 4/3008 431b) Splitting failure (fig. 2.3.b): 0 If the radial cracks propagate through the entire cover, bond splitting failure is decisive. In that case the maximum bond stress. follows from the maximum concrete confinement, which is reached when the radial cracks have penetrated the cover for about 70%. Further crack propagation results in a decrease of the confining stresses. At reaching the outer surface these stresses are strongly reduced, which results in a sudden drop of the bond stress. 2.4 Lapped bar splices 2.4.1 Model for load transfer at lapped bar splices The load transfer between bars is performed by means of compressive struts in the concrete (fig. 2.4.1). A 45° truss model is assumed. The resulting perpendicular forces act in a similar way as the splitting forces. The splitting forces normally are taken up by the transverse reinforcement. Small splitting forces are attributed to the tensile capacity of the concrete. The amount of the transverse or tie reinforcement necessary is specified in the design codes. Figure 2.4.1: Load transfer at lap splices 2.4.2 Influence of spacing and cover on splitting and spalling of concrete in most cases the reinforcement bars are placed close to the surface of the concrete member to achieve good crack distribution and economical bending capacity. For splices at wide spacing (normally in slabs, fig. 2.4.2a), the bearing capacity of the concrete depends only on the thickness of the concrete cover. At narrow spacing (normally in beams, fig. 2.4.2.b) the bearing capacity depends on the spacing and on the thickness of the cover. In the design codes the reduction of bearing capacity of the cover is taken into account by means of multiplying factors for the splice length. A eS Figure 24.24 Figure 2.4.2.b 2.4.3 Bond behaviour of post-installed ribbed bars The load transfer for post-installed bars is similar to cast in bars if the stiffness of the overall load transfer mechanism is similar to the cast-in system. The efficiency depends on the strength 432 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections of the adhesive mortar against the concentrated load near the ribs and on the capacity of load transfer al the interface of the drilled hole. In many cases the bond values of post-installed bars are higher compared to cast in bars due to better performance of the adhesive mortar. But for small edge distance and/or narrow spacing splitting or spalling forces become decisive due to the low tensile capacity of the concrete. 3 Design basics 3.1 Rebar design methods Post-installed reinforcement connections can basically be designed in compliance with the national codes. Hilti is offering two design methods of which one is based on the Eurocode 2 (EC2 EN 1992-1-1:2004) and the other one on the American Standard (ACI 318-08). The most important characteristics will be explained in the following paragraphs. 3.2 Rebar design according to EC2/ETA approach The new technical report EOTA - TR 023 (Assessment of post-installed rebar connections) establishes a common method to qualify chemical anchors in compliance with EC2. Chemical anchors must comply with a predefined step-diagram for the different concrete classes (Figure 3.2: Chemical anchors without limitations). In general it shall be shown by the tests as described in the TR 023 that the post-installed rebar systems can develop the same design values of bond resistance with the same safety margin as cast-in place rebars according to EC2. In EC2 no requirements for testing are given, but the values for fbd are published. These values are valid for worst case conditions, minimum conerete cover, minimum spacing and minimum transverse reinforcement, In Figure 3.2 a comparison is given which bond resistance in the tests and evaluation according TR 023 have to be reached (on y- axis) to show equivalence with the values fea (on x- axis) A European Technical Approvals according to the EOTA TR023 allows a design according to EC2. However a design for fire resistance, fatigue, dynamic or seismic loading are excluded. The ETA for Rebar proves that approved systems are robust and durable. Influences of bad cleaning, wet holes, creep, freeze/thaw, durability, corrosion resistance, installation directions are tested within the approval. The post-installed rebar connections assessed according to TR 023 shall be designed as straight cast-in reinforcement according to EC2 using the values of the design bond resistance fod for deformed bars. The definition of the bond region in EC2 is valid also for post-installed reinforcement. The conditions in EC2 concerning detailing (e.g. concrete cover in respect to bond and corrosion resistance, bar spacing, transverse reinforcement) shall be complied with 4/3008 433f post installed crams crsa0 cans C2580 CMT CAVES CANO CASS CHRO Concrete class 16 20 2987 98443 forpoet nated bars Figure 3.2: Chemical anchors without limitations from EOTA TRO23 The following additional provisions have to be taken into account. + To prevent damage of the concrete during drilling the following requirements have to be met min = 30 + 0,06, = 2d, (mm) for hammer drilled holes, with ds being the diameter of the rebar Gmin = 50 + 0,081, 2 2d, (mm) for compressed air drilled holes The factors 0,06 and 0,08 take into account the possible deviations during the drilling process. This value might be smaller if special drilling aid devices are used. 0 mm 24d, ‘+ Minimum clear spacing between two post-installed rebars a + To account for potentially different behaviour of post-installed and cast-in rebars in cracked concrete, in general, the minimum embedment length Iymin and lomn given in EC2 for anchorages and overlap splices shall be increased by a factor of 1,5. This increase may be neglected if it can be shown that the bond strength of the selected post- installed rebars and cast-in rebars in cracked concrete (w = 0,3 mm) is similar. In this case the influence of cracks openings (crack movement tests) can be neglected because for rebar connections several rebars are present (redundant fastening) and not all of the rebars will be situated in a longitudinal crack. The transfer of shear forces between new and old concrete shall be designed according to EC2. See also paragraph 3.4 “strut-and-tie model’ The reader is referred to the paragraph 4 “EC2 Design” for more detail about this design concept. 434 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections 3.3 Hilti HIT-Rebar design and ACI 318-08 approach The American Standard ACI (American Concrete Institute) 318-08 gives an explicit formula for the design of anchorages and splices that considers splitting and spalling as a function of concrete cover and bar spacing. This function is adapted and extended for post-installed reinforcement for the Hilti HIT-Rebar design concept. The embedment length of an anchorage or splice is defined as a function of concrete strength, the bar diameter, the minimum edge distance or spacing and a coefficient taking into account the transverse reinforcement. In figure 3.3 a typical design bond stress fe curve as a function of the minimum edge distance/spacing distance, ca is shown for a concrete class C20/25 and for a rebar with a diameter of 12 mm (EC2/ETA approach). In this figure the equivalent design bond stresses resulting from the ACI and the EC2/ETA approaches are plotted to illustrate the two methods (the design bond stresses shown in the figure shall not be used for design purposes). The reduction of anchoring length allowed by ACI and EC2/ETA in specific conditions can be assimilated to an increase of the equivalent design bond stress if ca changes within certain limits. The equivalent design bond stress is defined by an inclined line and it increases with larger values of cy. The increase in the design bond stress is limited by the maximum pull-out bond stress, which is a value which is given by the standards in the case of a cast-in reinforcement. For post-installed reinforcement, the maximum design bond stress is a function of the bonding agent and not necessarily equals that of cast-in bars. Thus, the limitation for bond failure in the code has been replaced by the specific design bond stress of the bonding agent for the specific application conditions and the splitting function has been adapted according to the tests. 80 70 ; 6.9. Nim? 60 50 = 340 30 20 1.0 00 ep i ® 3.3 Nimmé 3 inal, ©, ox) 0 40 2030 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 cain ca —A21318.08 approach lc2025. @ = 12mm CATA approach Figure 3.3: equivalent design bond stress fy as a function of cy., derived from reduction of anchoring length according to ACI 318-08 and ECZ/ETA 4/3008 435Basics of post installed Roemer eae) Interaction of concrete cover and transverse reinforcement (splitting reinforcement) Tests show that transverse reinforcement improves the splitting capacity. Transverse reinforcement can be taken into account by adding a substitute value for the cover. The ACI 318-08 code explicitly takes into account the influence of transverse reinforcement able to prevent splitting by means of the “transverse reinforcement index" Ky. otk 8 OE, OY TR sn K, £ 1B <2.5 forcast in bars Sua = with: Ay total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement that is within the spacing and that crosses the potential plane of splitting through the reinforcement being developed [mm’] fy yield strength of transverse reinforcement [N/mm] maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement within | », center to center [mm] number of bars being developed along the plane of splitting [-] & substitute for various adjustment factors Hilti HIT-Rebar design concept 5. (post-installed reinforcement and cast-in reinforcement): >2 (bonded-in bars only): [2s+ars (Se-25]] @ } where’ fog design bond strength 6 nominal bar size fe characteristic concrete cylinder strength © = c4=min(al2, ¢, c:) Ky see above y bar size factor For more detailed Information see: Kunz, J.; Munger, F.:"Spliting- and bond failure of post-installed rebar splices and anchoring.", Bond in Concrete — from research to standards, Proceedings of the 3rd international Symposium held at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, 20 to 22 November 2002, p.447 -454, (Copy available from Hilti Technical Service) 436 112000Correna gy 3.4 Strut-and-tie model (Crack imitation Compression cord and strut = concrete) The tensile bearing capacity of concrete is very low compared to its compressive strength. For this reason tensile forces are attributed | toughened to the steel reinforcement of the concrete member. The reinforcement should be adequately anchored in the nodes Tt Tension cord Tension tes {Clause 6.5.3(2), EC2: EN 1992-1- 1:2004}. Figure 3.4: Strut-and-tie-model Asstrut-and-tie model is used to calculate the load path in reinforced concrete members. Where a non-linear strain distribution exists (e.g. supports) strut-and-tie models may be used {Clause 6.5.1(1), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004). Strut-and-tie models consist of struts representing compressive stress fields, of ties representing the reinforcement and of the connecting nodes. The forces in the elements of a strut-and-tie model should be determined by maintaining the equilibrium with the applied loads in ultimate limit state. The ties of a strut-and-tie model should coincide in position and direction with the corresponding reinforcement {Clause 5.6.4, EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004 Analysis with strut and tie models}. 3.5 Joint to be roughened The model of inclined compressive struts is used to transfer the shear forces through the construction joint at the interface between concrete cast at different times. Therefore a rough interface is required to provide sufficient cohesion in the construction joint {Clause 6.2.5(2), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004). Rough means a surface with at least 3 mm roughness (Ri > 3 mm), achieved by raking, exposing the aggregate or other methods giving an equivalent behaviour. 3.6 Anchorage of reinforcement The reinforcement has to be anchored at places where it is no longer needed. These situations may occur: + when the load path of the tensile force has ended (e.g. support, figure 3.6.a) ‘+ at curtailment of reinforcement (see figure 3.6.b) ‘+ compression bar anchorage (see figure 3.6.c). 4/3008 437Basics of post installed Peete os Figure 3.6.b: " Figure 3.6. Figure 3.6.a: Tensile force has ended Compression Support. truss 3.7 Lapped splice of reinforcement a le Lapped splices are used to achive contin the tense te of he tuss ia) by means of compressive struts in the concrete, A 45°-truss model is. assumed, The resulting splitting force (design bond stress) is limited to a value depending on the surface characteristics of the reinforcement, the tensile strength of the concrete and confinement of surrounding concrete. This depends on sufficient concrete cover, spacing of bar, transverse pressure and by the transverse reinforcement {Clause 6.6, EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004). Figure 3.7: Lapped splice 4 EC2 design 4.1 General The actual position of the reinforcement in the existing structure shall be determined on the basis of the construction documentation and taken into account when designing. The transfer of shear forces between new concrete and existing structure shall be designed according to EC2 EN 1992-1-1:2004, See also paragraph 3.4 ‘Strut-and-tie model" The joints for concreting must be roughened to at least such an extent that aggregate protrude. See also paragraph 3.5 “Joint to be roughened’. The design of post-nstalled rebar connections and determination of the internal section forces to be transferred in the construction joint shall be verified in accordance with EC2 EN 1992-1-1:2004. When ascertaining the tensile {force in the rebar, allowance shall be made forthe statically effective height of the bondedtin reinforcement. See also paragraph 5.2 “Example with overlap joint” 438 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections 4.2. Determination of the basic anchorage length The calculation of the required anchorage length shall take into consideration the type of steel and bond properties of the reinforcement The required basic anchorage length fs, shall be determined in accordance with clause 8.4.3, EC2: EN1992-1-1:2004: Paoas = (Be 4) (Bua! fs) with ds diameter of the rebar cw = calculated design stress of the rebar fe design value of bond strength according to corresponding ETA, in consideration of the coefficient related to the quality of bond conditions and, of the coefficient related to the bar diameter and of the driling technique. Refer to the relevant approval or technical data sheet for details 4.3 Determination of the design anchorage length The required design anchorage length é,g shall be determined in accordance with clause 8.4.4, EC2: EN 1992-1- 1:2004: fog =O} Gy Gy 4 Oe forge 2 Fommn Where a, a2, ds, a4 and as are coefficients given in Table 4.1 is for the effect of the form of the bars assuming adequate cover (post-installed reinforcement is always straight) azzis for the effect of concrete minimum cover TRS. ay = 1-0,15 64 ~ do Vo arf straight bars; cg = min(al2;c4:0) With no edge distance, a, = 0,7 if the spacing given in the table below are fulfilled: 4, (mm) 8 | 10 [ 12 [44 [46 [18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 2s | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 4 [36 | a0 Spacing tm] s5[70| ea| o8| 112| 126] 140[ 154| 168[ 175] 182[ 106[ 210] 22a[ 238[ 252| 280 a (rom) s{ eo| ra] e4[ 6 [ 108 120] 132] 144[ 150[ 158[ 168] 180[ 192] 204] 2t6[ 240 ais for the effect of confinement by transverse reinforcement ais for the influence of one or more welded transverse bars along the design anchorage length fyg. (no welded transverse reinforcement possible with post- installed reinforcement) sis for the effect of the pressure transverse to the plane of splitting along the design anchorage length. ‘The product (aza50:) 2 0,7 4/3008 439Basics of post installed Roemer eae) according to section 5.2 minimum anchorage lenath according to clause 8.4.4, EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004 max {0.3 fy; 10d; 100 mm} under tension max {0.6 fon: 10d; 100 mm} under compression (Please note that the minimum anchorage length may be increased by factor 1,5 according to EOTA TR023, § 4.2, Reler to the relevant approval or technical data sheet for details.) Table 4.1: Values of as, a, 03, cy and as coefficients Influencing factor_[ Type of anchorage Reinforcement bar Tn tension In compression ‘Shape of bars Straight a= 1.0 a= 1.0 Concrete cover Straight a2 = 1-0.15(ca— @=1.0 eyo 207 510 Confinement by Straight a= 1-Kh a= 10 transverse 207 reinforcement 510 Confinement by Straight a= 1.0 a=10 welded transverse reinforcement Confinement by Straight a= 1004p - transverse pressure 207 $1.0 where: N= Aas Ean As EAs cross-sectional area of the transverse reinforcement along the design anchorage length rbd FAana f086-sectional area ofthe minimum transverse reinforcement = 0,25 As for beams and 0 for slabs ‘As area ofa single anchored bar with maximum bar diameter K values shown in Figure 4.10 Pp transverse pressure [MPa] at ultimate limit state along #bd_ Ac b Ay Ac H, Aa A, G Aa K=01 K=0,05 K=0 Figure 4.3: Values of K for beams and slabs 4.4 Overlap joints Forces are transmitted from one bar to another by lapping the bars. The detailing of laps between bars shall be such that = the transmission of the forces from one bar to the next is assured = spalling of the concrete in the neighbourhood of the joints does not occur + large cracks which affect the performance of the structure do not occur 440 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections Laps between bars should not be located in areas of high moments / forces (e.g. plastic hinges) and at any section normally be arranged symmotrically. The arrangement of lapped bars should comply with Figure 4.4, The clear distance between lapped bars should be < 48 and < 50 mm, otherwise the lap length should be increased by a length equal to the clear space where it exceeds 4a or 50 mm. 20,3! Figure 4.4: Adjacent laps ‘The required design lap length /, shall be determined in accordance with clause 8.7.3, EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004: fa FO G2 03.05 05 fons 2 fomn With: fame = according to section 4.2 fom = minimum lap length = max (0.96 fs: 15d: 200 mm) (Please note that the minimum anchorage length may be increased by factor 1.5 according to EOTA TRO23, § 4.2. Refer to the relevant approval or technical data sheet for details.) Values of a, aa, as and as may be taken from Table 4.1; however, forthe calculation of as, EAwnn should be taken a8 1,0 Ac(Gualha), with A, = area of one lapped bar. 1 = (p:!25)0.5 but neither not exceeding 1,5 nor less than 1,0, where p; is the percentage of reinforcement lapped within 0.65% from the centre of the lap length considered. Values of dg are given in Table 4.2. (Note: For post- installed rebar applications a, = 1,5 for the majority of the cases) Table 4.2: Values of the coafficont a Percentage of lapped bars < 28% 33% 50% > 50% relative to the total cross- section area Os 1 115) 14 15 4.5 Embedment depth for overlap joints Overiap joint for rebars: For calculation ofthe effective embedment depth of overlap joints the concrete cover at end-face of the post installed rebar c1 shall be considered: bela + ey with: fo required lap length according to paragraph 4.4. © = concrete cover at end-face of bonded-in rebar. See Figure 4.5, 4/3008 441Basics of post installed Roemer eae) Zod 9b AN 2m ecsstnm Figure 4.5: Concrete cover c Ifthe clear distance between the overlapping bars is greater than 4d, the lap length shall be enlarged by the difference between the actual clear distance and 4d, 4.6 Concrete cover The minimum concrete cover required for bonded-in rebars is shown in the ETA approvals in relation to the driling method and the hole tolerance. Furthermore the minimum concrete cover given in clause 4.4.1.2, EC2: EN 1992-1- 4: 2004 shall be observed 4.7 Transverse reinforcement The requirements of transverse reinforcement in the area of the post-nstalled rebar connection shall comply with clause 8.7.4, C2: EN 1992-1-1:2004 4.8 Connection joint In case of a carbonated surface of the existing conerete structure the carbonated layer shall be removed in the area of the post installed rebar connection with a diameter of d, + 60 mm prior to the installation of the new rebar. The depth of conorete to be removed shall correspond to at least the minimum concrete cover for the respective environmental conditions in accordance with EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004 442 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections 5 Design examples 5.1. Anchorage: End support of slab, simply supported = 5 kNIm® ,h = 300 mm,d = 260 mm Conorete strength class: ©20/25, dry concrete Properties of reinforcement: fy = 500 Nimm2 Short-lerm/long-term temperature is 20°C Fire resistance: F90 (90 minutes) Loads: 4,35 x 7,5 = 10,1 kNim*; 115 x5,0= 7,5 kNim? == 17,6 kNim® Structural analysis (design frees) based on 7,6 x 6,762 / 8 = 100.5 kNmvim 7,6 x (6,78 / 2) = 59,5 kNIm Bottom reinforcement required at mid span: A sreq = 100,5 x 1,15 (0,26 x 0,9 x 0,5) = 988 mm*im > reinforcement provided: 216, s = 200 mm, A sorae= 1010 maim Bottom reinforcement at support: Amn = O14 X 1 X 2,2 x 150 x 1000 / 500 = 264 mm?im {Clause 7.3.2(2), E02: EN 1992-1-1:2004) ‘Asmn = 0,50 x 988 = 494 mm*/m {Clause 9.3.1.2(1), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) {Clause 9.3.1.1(4), EC 2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) => Amn = 0,25 x 988 = 247 mm’im {Clause 9.2.1.4(1), E02: EN 1992-1-1:2004) Aare = 59,5 x1/0,9 x 1,15/0,5 = 152 mm*lm (al =d) {Clause 9.2.1.4(2), C2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) Decisive is 494 mmi/m => reinforcement provided: 212, = 200 mm; A spay = 565 mmtim a) Anchorage according to European Technical Approval (ETA) 08/0105, Post-installed rebar connections with Hilti injection mortar HIT-RE 500 Determination of the basic anchorage length The required basic anchorage length fae Shall be determined in accordance with EC2: EN 1982-1-1:2004, section 843: urge = (dy 4) x (Ons! fs) with: d,= diameter of the rebar = 12 mm calculated design stress of the rebar = (494 / 565) x (500 / 1,15) fea = design value of bond strength according to corresponding ETA fangs = (1214) x (880 / 2,3) = 496 mm 380 Nimm 3.Nimm? 4/3008 443f post installed Determination of the design anchorage length The required design anchorage length /,4 shall be determined in accordance with EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004, section 84.4: 4 4 foot 2 Fan with: fygea8 above 0 for straight bars =0,15(ce— s/o 214.8 kNim ok Conerete (spitting) Mortar (pul Due to large edge distance: concrete is not becoming deci ty all directions (confined concrete) the failure mode splitting of /e, but the pull out failure mode: fog = 6.9 N/mm? (64:2 x 1 fo) 65 mm 120 mm (102) ok (Fo X 12. X 1X 6.9) = 214.8 KNim = bs borin Fire resistance: Fire rating class F 90 (90 min.) (design table see paragraph 4.7): Firiee = 0,6 x 66,1 = 39,7 kNIm = 7.9 kNibar (Clause 2.4.3 (4) and (5), EC2: ENV 1992-1-2:1995) Hilti HIT-RE 600: 212 => fing=14,5cm; Far = 6,02 KN finst= 18 om; Fer = 15,0 KN 444 112000Sac} Intermediate values may be interpolated linearly: fin = 16,5 cm; Fs,r = 11,2 kN/bar > 7,9 kN/bar = fins = 165 mm Top reinforcement Top reinforcement at support: Minimum reinforcement: 25% of botiom stool required at mid-span {Clause 9.3.1.2(2), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004} (25 x 988 = 247 mm’/m x1 x2,2 x 150 x 1000 / 500 = 264 mm"/m {Clause 7.3.2(2), EC2: EN 1992+-1:2004} Decisive is 264 mmtim > reinforcement provided: 212, 300 mm; A spray = 377 mm?im, a) Anchorage according to European Technical Approval (ETA) 08/0105, Post-installed rebar connections with Hilti injection mortar HIT-RE 500 Determination of the basic anchorage length The required basic anchorage length fy, shall be determined in accordance with EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004, section 843: fogs = (Oe £4) X (Os! fay with: d,= diameter of the rebar = 12 mm 2a calculated design stress of the rebar = (264 / 377) x (500 1.15} ‘aa = design value of bond strength according to corresponding ETA, forge = (1214) x (804 1 2,3) = 397 mm Determination of the design anchorage length The required design anchorage length /, shall be determined in accordance with EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004, section 8.44: bog = Oy 0 03 ee foes ® Ler with: fygeas above 0 for straight bars 0,18(c4~ a\/o «zis forthe effect of concrete minimum cover 20,7 1,0 00 12 = 288 mm 212 = 144 mmwith ct and c > 144 mm a= 12mm 07 O because of no transverse reinforcement (0 because of no welded transverse reinforcement (influence of transverse pressure is neglected inthis example yg. = 0,7 x 397 = 278 mm = 280 mm Can be ertical with deiling! fomn__= minimum anchorage length {Clause 8.4.4(1), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) ='max {0.3 x 397; 10 x 12; 100}= 120 mm ok 4/3008 445Basics of post installed Roemer eae) b) Anchorage according to Hilti HIT-Rebar design method (shear): Reinforcement provided: 212, $ = 300 mm; A syroe= 377 mmtim Mortar: Hilti HIT-RE 500 Fq = 264 0,5/ 1,15 = 114.8 kNIm 38(hye xT x 22 x %4) ys = 163,7 kNIm > 114,8 kNim ok Mortar (pull-out) fog = 6,9 Nimm? Fra = (bux @ x 11x fod) = 3,33(fae X 12 X 1X 6,9) = 114,8 KNim (if her < 182) femn = 120 mm (10x 2) ok ‘32 mm Conerete (shear): Uncracked concrete = rebar-CC method situation 1 $2182; €2 90> fay= 1,0 ($= 300 mm > 216 mm; ¢> 108 mm) Fra = Fosa fan = 114,8 x 1.0 = 114.8 kNim (with f4g = 132. mm) > f= 135 mm 5.2. Example with overlap joint ‘© Bending moment: Msg = 120 kNmim slab: h= 300 mm; d= 250 mm, es = 50 mm + Concrete strength class: 625/30, + Properties of reinforcement: f= 500 Nim? + Fire resistance: F60 (60 minutes), Light weight plaster for fire protection: 30 mm + top reinforcement: 216, s = 150 mm; Assy = 1340 mmm cover to face c= 30 mm ‘+ bottom reinforcement: 210, s = 200 mm: Ayr = 393 mmaim ‘Note: reduced load in cast-in bar due to lever arm: 1] = 250/270 = 0,93, a) Overlap joints according to European Technical Approval (ETA) 08/0105, Post-installed rebar connections with Hilti injection mortar HIT-RE 500 Post-installed reinforcement The required design lap length f shall be determined in accordance with EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004, section 8.7.3: bo sy Os ds Os bes 2 fo with: A.gthe basic anchorage length, fas = (de! 4) x (Ou fs) ameter of the rebar = 16 mm calculated design stress ofthe rebar d= 250 mm, z = 0,9 x 250 = 225 mm 20 x 1,15 / (0,225 x 0,5) = 1227 mm?/m (1227 1 1340) x (500 / 1,15) = 398 Nimm? fu1= design value of bond strength according to corresponding ETA = 2.7 Nimm 446 112000Coreg ese l rebar connections avgs = (164) x (898 / 2.7) = 590 mm 4; = 1,0 for straight bars y= 1-0,15(c.— ayia 4, is for the effect of concrate minimum cover 0,7 1,0 50-8 = 42mm cy=42 mm 16mm 30,76 (0 because of no transverse reinforcement (influence of transverse pressure is neglected in this example ' influence of percentage of lapped bars relative to the total cross-section area {Clause 8.7.3(1), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004} 0,76 x 1,5 x 890 = 673 mm => 675 mm minimum lap length {Clause 8.7.3(1), C2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) rmax{0.3 x 1.5 x 590; 15 x 16; 200} = 266 mm ok Cast.in reinforcement Fa iG 03 05s fama fom with: fy)qthe basic anchorage length, fas 4, diameter of the rebar = 16 mm a= calculated design stress of the rebar d= 270 mm, z ~ 0,9 x 270 = 243 mm Asrreq = 120 x 1,15 / (0,243 x 0,5) = 1136 mm’/m_ Ges = (1136 / 1340) x (500 / 1,15) = 369 Nimm? ‘.= design value of bond strength according to corresponding ETA = 2.7 Nimm? fangs = (16 14) x (969 12.7) = 547 mm (de 14) x (Out fos) a= 1~0,15(cy- ayo : is for the effect of concrete minimum caver 2 0,7 <1,0 ¢= 30-8 = 22mm cy=22mm a= 16mm 20,94 fy = 0,96 x 1,5x $47 = 771 mm = 770 mm Castin reinforcement is decisive! fone = minimum lap length {Clause 8.7.3(1), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) 248 mm ok 1ax{0,3 x 1,5 x 547; 15 x 16; 200) Embedment depth for overlap joints for rebars £2 foto, with required lap length = 770 mm (see above) ‘concrete cover at end face of cast-in rebar 0mm If the clear distance between the overlapping rebars is greater than 4d, (4 x 1 enlarged by the difference between the clear distance and 4d, Most unfavourable case post-installed rebar is located right inthe middle between the cast-in rebars. The clear distance between the overlap is: sz = (75 ~ 8)2 + (20 ~ 8)2 68—64=4 mm=—> 5mm £,= 800 +5 = 805 mm 4 mm) the lap length shall be 4/3008 447Basics of post installed Roemer eae) b) Overlap joints according to Hilti HIT-Rebar design method (splitting): Post-installed reinforcement Reinforcement provided: 216, s = 150 mm; A .yyay= 1340 mm#/m Mortar: Hilti HIT-RE 500 Fsq = 1340 x 398 = 533,3 kN/m (see above) Stee! Fra = 6,66(ly X11 x22 x74) I ys = 582,2 kNim > 533,3 kNim ok filasvo = 2s)| Mortar (pull-out) fog = 7,1 Nimm? Conerate (splitting) (c+ Ktr)/=3.1 > 2.5 = fq is calculated fa = according with: “© = mine, s/2) = 60 mm Kir=0 = 16mm ff, = compressive strength of concrete = 25 Nimm? for C25/30, = reinforcement size factor = 0.8 for 218 = fog = 4,6 Nimm? Due to edge distances (c = 50 mm) and spacing (s = 150 mm) the failure mode splitting of concrete is decisive. 5 > fog = 3,1 Nimm? {Clause 8.7.3(1), EC2: EN 1992-1-1:2004) Fea = (fox 2 x 1x fs) = 6.66(\ lo X 16 x 7X 3,1) = §33,3 KN/m > f= 514 mm Cast-in reinforcement (@s above) f= 770 mm Castin reinforcement is decisive! Embedment depth for overlap joints for rebars = 805 mm Fire resistance: Fire rating class F 60 (60 minutes) (design table see paragraph 4.7) Clear concrete cover including ight weight plaster: c= 4 + 3 = 7.cm Fetreq = 0.6 x 120 / 0,225 = 320 KNim = 48 kN/bar {Clause 2.4.3 (4) und (5), EC2: ENV 1992- 4-2:1995) Teng = 48000 J (16 x 11770) = 1.2 Nimm? Hilt HIT-RE 500: «7 = 1,0 Nimm2.< 1,2 Nimm® => increase plaster to 4 om =» ¢= 8 om, tr = 4,4 Nimm? ok 448 112000Coreg ese l rebar connections 6 Corrosion behaviour The Swiss Association for Protection against Corrosion (SGK) was given the assignment of evaluating the corrosion behavior of fastenings post-installed in concrete using the Hill HIT-HY 150, Hilli HIT-HY 150 MAX and Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection systems. Corrosion tests were carried out. The behavior of the two systems had to be evaluated in relation to their use in field practice and compared with the behavior of cast-in reinforcement. The SGK can look back on extensive experience in this field, especially on expertise in the field of repair and maintenance work. The result can be summarized as follows: Hilti HIT-HY 150 + Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX © The Hilti HIT-HY 150 and Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX systems in combination with reinforcing bars can be considered resistant to corrosion when they are used in sound, alkaline concrete. The alkalinity of the adhesive mortar safeguards the initial passivation of the steel. Owing to the porosity of the adhesive mortar, fan exchange takes place with the alkaline pore solution of the conerete. ‘© If rebars are bonded-in into chloride-tree concrete using this system, in the event of later chloride exposure, the rates of corrosion are about half those of rebars that are cast. ‘© In conerete containing chlorides, the corrosion behavior of the system corresponds to that of cast-in rebars. Consequently, the use of unprotected steel in concrete exposed to chlorides in the past or possibly in the future is not recommended because corrosion must be expected after only short exposure times. Hilti HIT-RE 500 © If the Hilti HIT-RE 500 system is used in corrosive surroundings, a sufficiently thick coat of adhesive significantly Increases the time before corrosion starts to attack the bonded-in steel, ‘© The HIT-RE 500 system may be desoribed as resistant to corrosion, even in concrete that is carbonated and contains chlorides, if coat thickness of at least 1mm can be ensured, In this case, the unprotected steel in the concrete joint and in the new concrete is ertical ‘© Ifthe coat thickness is not ensured, the HIT-RE 500 system may be used only in sound concrete. A rebar may then also be in contact with the wall of the drilled hole. At these points, the steel behaves as though it has a thin coating of epoxy resin. * Innone of the cases investigated did previously rusted steel (without chlorides) show signs of an attack by corrosion, even in concrete containing chlorides. ‘* Neither during this study an acceleration of corrosion was found at defective points in the adhesive nor was there any reference to this in iterature. Even if a macro-element forms, the high resistance to it spreading inhibits a locally increased rate of corrosion. © Information in reference data corresponds with the results ofthis study. 7 Fire design If passive fire prevention requirements have to be met, the suitabilly of rebar connections should be verified additionally to ULS cold design, Large-area building components (walls and floors) can be verified according to tables 1 and 2. The design tables are derived from tests at the University / IBMB Braunschweig following the Standard ISO 834 temperaturetime curve, Design for fire resistance is carried out in line with several specific standards. On the following pages only the fire data for Standard according EC2 are given. Details to all available Standards and specific reports are named below the following tables, Note for the following tables 1 to 6: F,7= force in bar when exposed to fire. Intermediate values may be interpolated linearly. Extrapolating is nat permitted 4/3008 449Basics of post installed Roemer eae) Hilti HIT-HY 150 rebar Bar perpendicular to slab or wall surface exposed to fire Temperature time curve (ace. ISO 834) 09 so |__| fe l I a Wi Table 1: Maximum force in rebar in conjunction with HIT-HY 150 as a function of embedment depth for the fire resistance classes F30 to F180 (yield strength f,, = 500 Nimm*) according EC2” rit Bard | pose F30 Feo F90 F120 F180 from | gm | fm | Far [Ge | Fan Fax Fax rormy | tkND | fmm | tkND IKNI KN] 420 | 106 | 120 | 50 28 0.7, 140_[14.1 [| 140 [84 45 15 e to |150_[ 156 [160 [114.9 73 27 180_| 15.4 11.4 53 190 15.6. 143) 26, 156. 156, 70_| 198 | 160 | 127 17 _[ 150_| 51 | 150 | 26 160 22,0 | 160 | 14.9 ag {160 [65 | 160 | 33 wo | 12 [-480| 243 [180 | 19.3 143 | 180 | 40,7_|_ 180 | 49) 200 | 23.7, 18.7 | 200 | 15.1_| 220 | 85. 240 24.3 23at_| 220 | 195 | 260 | 164 243 [250 | 24:3 | 300 | 243 tao_[ a7 | 180 | 231 17.1] 180_[ 128 [180 | 59 200 | 35.1 [200 | 28.4 224 [200 | 181 | 200 | 8.0 2 | 16 220 33,7 27 | 220 | 234 | 240 | 14.4 230 [35.1 ze | 240_| 287 | 280_| 248 35.1_| 270 | 35.1 | 320 [35.1 70_| 462 | 210 | 362 292 | 210 | 242 | 210 | 106 Z20| 47.7 | 220 [383 322 | 220 | 27:3 | 220 | 118 u | ow 240 [45.4 36.4 | 240 | 33.5 | 240 | 10.8 250_| 47.7 446 | 260 | 396 | 280 [29.1 ar7 | 260 | 458 | 320 | 414 280_[47.7_|_350_| 477 2a0_| 623 | 240 | S19 | 200 [439 | 240 | 983 | 240 | 192 260_| 59,0 | 260_[ 51.0 | 260_| 453 | 280 | 332 16 | 20 270 | 62,3 | 260 [6.0 280_| 23 | 320 | 473 300_| 62.3 | 300 [59.4 | 360_| 61.4 310_[62,3 [370 | 623 30 | ora | 300 | a3 | 300 | ars | 300 | 743 [300 | 503 320_| 974 | 320 | 901 | 320 | @3,0_| 320 [59.1 20 | 25 340_[-97.4 | 340_[ 91.8 | 360_| 767 360_[ 97.4 | _400_|_ 94.3 a10_|_97.4 450 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections ri earo | Or) eso Fs F90 F120 F180 Ton [ Far | tom ] Far | fom | Fer | fom | Far | tom | Far Eememd | tem omy | tei gy | eM] gimp | twN_ | mimy | tN] | temp | (KN 375 _| 1822 | 375 | 1522 | 375 | 142.9 |_a7s_| 1340 | 375 | 104.1 BaD [ 4455 [380 436.7 [380 | 106.9 as | 3 00 [1522 [ano | a7 7 | a0 [17 10 [152.2 | 440 [13808 a7 [1527 Remark: The minimum setting depth is related to £ > 15x, ® For tables according to British- and Singapore Standard (resistance class up to F240) see Warringtonfire report WF 166402 orfand IBM Braunschweig report No 3162/6989 (including supplements) Hilti HIT-HY 150 rebar Bar connection parallel to slab or wall surface exposed to fire Max. bond stress, tr, depending on aclual clear concrete cover for classifying the fire resistance. It must be verified that the actual force in the bar during a fire, Fr , can be taken up by the bar connection of the selected length, fas. Note: Cold design for ULS is mandatory. Fe1S (Cinst— Gi Bom ty where: (Cinst~ 01) > fi bs = lap length 2 jominal diameter of bar finst— + = Selected overlap joint length; this must be at least fs, but may not be assumed to be more than 80 tt = bond stress when exposed to fire Temperature time curve (ace. ISO 834) 09 | on f is yo 8 Th ANS Table 2: Critical temperature-dependent bond stress, serir, concerning “overlap joint” for HiIti-HIT-HY 150 injection adhesive in relation to fire resistance class and required minimum concrete coverage c. ‘Clear concrete cover ‘Max. bond stress, «r [Nimm?] [ram] F30 60 90 F120 FI80) 20 07, 0 30 1 Oz ° ° 40, 12) 7, ° 50 24 12 oF 60 28 7 OF, aS 70 49 22 12 OT, 1/2000 454Basics of post installed Roemer eae) Clear concrete cover ¢ Max. bond stress, ty [N/mm*] Timmy 730 Fo F30 FZ FAa0 80 25 47 1.0 02 30 28 i OS: 700 40 1 OF 410) 45 23 az 120. 35 25 18 730, 28 19 740. 30 22. 750) 45 23 750 10 65 25 470 25 180 27 "190 70 10 2.8 200 10 23 210 f 3.0 220 45) 230, 85. 240 79 Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX rebar Bar perpendicular to slab or wall surface exposed to fire Temperature time curve (ace. ISO 834) 09 ‘oy yo ow tn YY AK Table 3: Maximum force in rebar in conjunction with HIT-HY 150 MAX as a function of embedment depth for the fire resistance classes F30 to F180 (yield strength fx 500 N/mm") according EC2". Bard | Drillhole@ | MaxFix | fm | 30 | Feo | F90 | _Faz0_|_ Fieo [fea] —[ tony es] [ Teng N Ca CC 20_| 2.18 | 0,73 | 024 | 0.05 0 720_[ a2 [2.90 [1.4 | 082 [0.18 i70_[162_| 9.95 [5.98 [359 [ 1.35 8 12 162 [210 162 [1301 | 852 35) 230 162 [13,04 250 162 300 400_| sar] 198 [08 0a 150[ 606 | 806 [4.45 [2.62 790__[ 253 | 16.83 [11,85 [7.55 10 14 253 (a0 283 | 2086 | 16.29 260 7322.89 280 23 320 452 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections Bar@ | Drilthole@ | Max. Fax [fw F30 F60 F90 F120 F180 [mmy_[ fmm] Te] fmmj_ | Ten TNT TENT [kN TKN 120_| 12,32 4,35 2,16 1.23 0.27 760_[ 28,15 | 17.56_[ 11.59 7.14 2.68 220 | 36.4 28.12_| 22,15 | 16,97 6.82 2 6 364 260) 364 32,7 2747 | 16.53, 280. 36.4 32,75 [21.81 300. 364 27.08 340, 364 740 [2053 arr ENZ 235 095. 210 | 42,08 | 29.72 | 22,76 | 16,66 63. 240 | 49.6 38,96. 32,0 25,89 | 13.12, “ 18 49,6 280. 496 4431 38,21 25.44 300. 496 4436, 316. 330. 49.6 40,83 360. 49.6 160__| 305 1638 326 Sir 2,04 240 | 68.65 | 44.53 | 36,57 | 29,59 15.0 260_| 64.8 51,58__| 43.61 36,63 | 22,04 16 20 648 300. 64.8 57,68 | 50,70] 36,11 330. 64.8 61,26 | 46.67, 360. 64.8) 5722 400. 64.8. 200 | 6672 | 0806 | 28,12 | 10.30 7.22. 250 | 77.71 | 60,08 | 50,11] 41,30_| 23.15 310 | 101.2 | 86.45 76.5 67,78 | 49.54 20 25 1012 [350 401.2 | 04,09 | 85.37 | 67.13 370. 1012 | 94.16 | 75.93 390) 1012 | 84.72, 430. 401.2 250 | e713 | 7e07 | e246 | o173_| 28.94 280 | 113.63_| 01.56 | 79,13 | 6823 | 45.43 ‘370 | 168.1 | 141,04 | 12861 | 117,71 | 94.91 25 32 158,1 410. 158.1 | 150,60 | 139.70__| 116.90, 430. 158.1 | 150,69 | 127.90 450, 156.1 | 138,89 500) 156.1 ® For HIT-HY 150 MAX robar only the standard ace. EC2 is available (Data also in Warringtonfro report WF 166402 orfand IBMB Braunschweig report No 3884/8246-CM Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX rebar Bar connection parallel to slab or wall surface exposed to fire Max. bond stress, +;, depending on actual clear concrete cover for classifying the fire resistance. It must be verified that the actual force in the bar during a fire, Fr, can be taken up by the bar connection of the selected length, fn. Note: Cold design for ULS is mandatory, Fors (lito) Oot where: (Era —)2 by im lap length a jominal diameter of bar fg~& = selected overlap joint length; this must be at least f, ‘but may not be assumed to be more than 80 1 = bond stress when exposed to fire 1/2000 453Basics of post installed Roemer eae) Table 4: Critical temperature-dependent bond stress, terur, concerning “overlap joint” for Hilti-HIT-HY 150 MAX injection adhesive in relation to fire resistance class and required minimum concrete coverage c. lear concrete cover ¢ Max. bond stress, «r [Nimm] [nm] FD FD F390 FI FIeD 30 0.46 35 0.56) o 20 0.69 45; 08 O37 ° 50 “04 0.45) ° 55 122 055 60) a7 052 65 715 073 038 o 70 087 0.86) 75: 02 052 80 zi 059 O37 55; 7135 087 045 20 752 0.78 052 95 "74 oat 0.56) 700 202 07 0.55 705 121 077 036 110 7138 oat O44 115 71st “05 0.48; 120 7188 121 055 125 212 137 O61 130 220 157 Os] 135 782 075 7140 218 Ot 145 0.88) 150 220 0.88 155 097 760 2.20 08 7165 122 170 220 140 175 782 780 7180 7185 2.05; 180 220 Hilti HIT-RE 500 rebar Bar perpendicular to slab or wall surface exposed to fire Temperature time curve (ace. ISO 834) wn 454 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections Table S: Maximum force in rebar in conjunction with HIT-RE 500 as a function of embedment depth for the fire resistance classes F30 to F240 (yield strength f, = 500 Nimm*) according EC2". Drill hole eee ee Fire resistance of bar in [kN] | feomay_[ omy [Te] | fmm [30 [ FeO FBO | Fra0 [FeO [F2a0 5] 138 | 057 | 019 | 0.05 | 0 o 0235 [1,02 [0.47 [026 | 0 o 95387 | 158 [06s | 055 | 012 | 9. nsf 73 [307171 [1.16 | 0.48 | 0,16 150_[ 76.19 [6,15 [459 | a1¢_|1.41_| 08 8 0 ‘16,10 480 16,49 9,99 6,75 2,94 47 205; 16,19 [12,38 | 5.08 | 2,86 220, 16,19 [6.95 | 3.82 265; 16,19 _[ 857 305; 16,19 o yoo [568 [245 [131 [085 | 02a | 9. 120 [10,68 | 4.4a[ 2.48 | 1,68 | 068 [0.31 140 17.57_[ 7,76 | 4.38 | 2.99 | 1,33 | 0,73, 15_[ 2529 | 1806 [85 | 5,70 | 258 | 1.5 0 2 2528 195 25,29 47,63 12,18 542 2,93 220, 25,29 | 2066 | 2.69 [478 235; 2529 [118 | 6.30 280, 25,29 13,86 320 25.29 | ss [2m [im | 0s | 07 | 0 720 7278 5.33 | 2.97 [2.01 | 082 | 0,37 va5_[ 23,18 [i060 6.02 | 4,12 | 1,88] 1,03, va0_| 36422429 | 14,99_| 10,12 | 441] 2.55, 2 16 3642 [210 3642_[27.38_| 2088 | a7 | 4,74 235 3642_[ 31201 | 74,16 | 7.58 250 3642_| 19,13_| 9.89 225 36a2_| 21,48 335 3642 110 10s2_| 465 [255 | 17 0,20 740_[ 24,60_|10,67_| 6.13_| 4,19 7.03 i70_| 39.12 _| 2350_| 1358 | 92 237 jas_] #a58_| 35,6 | 24,69 | 17,05 4.10 4 8 4958 [235 49.58 | 39,20 31,34 7.38 250 49.58] 43.46 Tis 265 49.58 75.00 310 49.58 | 31,98 350 4958 130 | 2250 | oa [530 | ser | 156 [08 160_[ 39,17 [2133 | 11,95 | 6.15 | 365_[ 2.11 190 | 55,76 [37.92 | ~24.45 [47,25 | 7,35 | 4.22 210] 64:75 | 48,98] 36,51 2753_| 11,29_| 6.32 16 20 6475 [240 64,75| 53,10 | 44,12_| 70,88 | 11,04 265; 64.75 | 57.96 | 33,7 [17.14 280, 64.75_| 42.0 | 22.17 325; 6475 44,84 365; 6475; 455Basics of post installed Roemer eae) aero | PES [wax r Fie reliance of barn [em pry gm] 6300 [rerio [eo Foa fal [aeer[peer [ass tore | use| 2o0_[ seer Pats | segs [ aise] su Bo[ outs ates [-cear [areas] te as | sous E28 fits [art |-rees [ass 25 » 40 inte arie-|-eoee [sere 30 folie ras[ ase 3s eae 388 ie 20 aera aa 3 a at ds sano [tee 1 182-T-taa Sit 25 30 158,09 330 158,09 | 146.69 74,39 | | | 345 158,08 87,34 | | | 380 126,22 80 tea 2 “ Leal 380 259,02 | 243,05 [194.58 | 150,57 So] aT me | aT | eae SEs 36 “4 Sarna 410 327,82 [310,75 | 256,22 | 206,64 ta were | or eee aes soraa_[-azzan[-sorrr | senas-[ aona_[tet7 Sean seese sud stage aes tose a aoe ara _[-aen te sonao-[ set 40 a7 an 440 404,74 386,75 | 326,16 | 271,07 ‘i oer [sagas aot 400 soar ast #20 eT "For tables according the standards to DIN 1045-1988, NF-ENV 1991-2-2(EG2), Osterreichische Norm B 4700- 2000, British-, Singapore- and Australian Standards see Warringtonfire report WF 166402 orand IBMB Braunschweig report No 3357/0550-5. Hilti HIT-RE 500 rebar Bar connection parallel to slab or wall surface exposed to fire Max. bond stress, +;, depending on actual clear concrete cover for classifying the fire resistance. It must be verified that the actual force in the bar during a fire, Fr, can be taken up by the bar connection of the selected length, fra, Note: Cold design for ULS is mandatory First ei Deep where: (Era )2 by 456 112000Coreg cela) rebar connections jominal diameter of bar elected overlap joint length; this must be at least /, but may not be assumed to be more than 80 = bond stress when exposed to fire Table 6: Critical temperature-dependent bond stress, tem.r, concerning “overlap joint” for Hilti-HIT RE 500 Injection adhesive in relation to fire resistance class and required minimum concrete coverage ¢. Clear concrete cover ¢ Max. bond stress, «; [Nimm'] [mm] FO Feo | F90 | F120 | Fieo | F2a0 40 0 20 o49t ° 30, 0,665, ° ° 40 0,897 0481 ° 50, 1,205) 0,623 ° 60 4,630 0,806, DESK} 70 2197 1043; 0,855 O87 80, 2,962 1.351 0,835 0618 90 3.992 1748, 7065. 0.775 | 0487 100 5,382, 2.263 7,358, 0.977 0,553, 110 7.255 2,930 1.733 1233 0,669) 0465, 120 9.780 3792 2.210 1.565 0,810 0.551 130. 4,908 2.818 1.963 0,980 0,647 140 6,355, 3.504 2AaTT 1185; 0,759 150 3226 | 4.584 3.125, 7.434 0,829) 160 70.649 | 5846, 3.943 1735; 71047, 170 7.456 | 4976 2,098 7,230) 180 9510 [6276 | 2,540 71445 1807 7.318 3.037, 1.687, 200 9.990 | 3718 7.985, 210 4,498 2.341 220 11,00 54d? 2.749 230. 6.584 3.228 240. 11,00 7,966 3,792 250 11,00 3.639 4.453 260. 11,00 5,230 270. 6.143 280. 7.214 290 1100 8473 300. 9.951 310 17,00) 1/2000 457Basics of post installed Roemer eae) 8 Fatigue of bonded-in reinforcement for joints with predominantly cyclical imposed loading 8.1 General notes For load bearing elements which are subjected to considerable cyclic stress the bonded-in connections should be designed for fatigue. In that case evidence for fatigue of reinforcing steel bars, concrete and bond should be provided separately For simple cases itis reasonable to use simplified methods on the safe side. The partial safety factors for loads are specified in the code for reinforced concrete, The partial safety factors for material are specified in Table 4.3. Table 4.3: Partial safety factors for materials subjected to cyclic loading Evidence for ‘concrete ond reinforcing bars (steel) Partial safety Taclor 15 18 1.15 8.2 Fatigue of reinforcing bars (steel) The resistance for fatigue of reinforcing bars (steel) s specified in the actual code for eiforced concrete. The behaviour of the steel of reinforcing bars bonded-in by means of Hil HIT is at least as good as cast-in place reinforcement. 8.3 Fatigue of bond and concrete (simplified approach) ‘Asa simple and conservative approach on the safe side evidence for fatigue is proven if the following equation is valid Fo S Nea fas where Foun Design value of the anchorage force forthe ruling loading model for fatigue. Nea Design resistance for static load of the anchorage (bond and concrete). fm Reduction factor for fatigue for bond and concrete: fy = 0.5 If maximin of cycles is known, reduction factors are shown in Figure 4.13. Diagram for a simplified approach with 2-108 cycles (Weyrauch diagram) 0 02 od 1 estima Nag Figure 4.13; Reduction factors for fatigue for bond and concrete Hill design software for rebar connections does also the fatigue design. If the simplified method is not satisfying, additional information using the "Woehier’- lines is available. ‘Ask Hilti Technical Service for the Hilti Guideline: TWU-TPF 06a/02 Hilti HIT-Rebar: Fatigue. 458 112000