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LEARNING GUIDE N° 2

Teacher Danilza Lorduy A.

Objective To use reading strategies to faster get information from texts

Time 2 hours

I. REALIZA LAS SIGUIENTES ACTIVIDADES DE LA TERCERA Y CUARTA SESIÓN

READING STRATEGIES: SKIMMING AND SCANNING

1. See the following video about Skimming and Scanning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1wPYHa5nUg

a. Write two things you do when skimming:

Lest your eyes run a long the pages
Choose what to read
Fast reading to get general idea of text

b. Write two things you do when scanning:

Search keywords
Less reading, more searching
Looking for specific words, numbers , names, etc.

SKIMMING: es una estrategia específica que el lector utiliza para hacer una
lectura rápida y eficiente. Se tiene una comprensión global del tema a través del
texto, los dibujos, los mapas, gráficos. etc.

Careful Reading

LECTURA CUIDADOSA Skimming :To get

Reading overall impression
Para obtener una
Quick Reading impression general

LECTURA RÀPIDA Scanning/ Searching:

For particular information
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ACTIVITY 1: En 5 minutos establece de que trata el tema del artículo en el

siguiente ejercicio . Utiliza SKIMMING para obtener una rápida generalización del
texto

Oil
There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil
come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in
the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick
covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down,
either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for
human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of
the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil
are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at
any chemist's.

Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in
cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable
and animal oils.

To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the
engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and
warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery.
This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used
to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motorcar, which has
replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe the possibility of flying. I t has
changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This kind of oil comes out of the earth. Because
it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this respect. Many big ships
now burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes
are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two
metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat ; but if they are separated by a thin film of
oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly
lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not
give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated.

The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America
used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have
realised the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil could be made from it ; this led
to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal
combustion engine was invented, oil became of worldwide importance.
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What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and air-craft? Scientists are
confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They
think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from
living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the
sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure
and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to
become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an
enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a
map showing the chief oilfields of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of
today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in
which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, rocks which were laid down
by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other
proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which
is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is
shale there is likely to be oil.

Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers. In some cases oil
comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. In the
island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt, a substance used for making roads. Sir Walter
Raleigh' visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million
tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.

The king of the oilfield is the driller. He is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends his drill more
than a mile into the earth. During the process of drilling, gas and oil at great pressure may suddenly
be met, and if this rushes out and catches fire the oil well may never be brought into operation at
all. This danger is well known and steps are always taken to prevent it.

There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near; on the other
hand, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. When the drill goes down, it brings up soil. The samples
of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the
drillers go to another. Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt,
in ' prospecting ' for oil. Sometimes little is found. When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars,
we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also part of the cost of the search that is always going on.

When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The
commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapours to rise are cooled
and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon
vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils
of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.

There are four main areas of the world where deposits of oil appear. The first is that of the Middle
East, and includes the regions near the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian
Gulf. Another is the area between North and South America, and the third, between Asia and
Australia, includes the islands of Sumatra, Borneo and Java.
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The fourth area is the part near the North Pole. When all the present oil-fields are exhausted, it is
possible that this cold region may become the scene of oil activity. Yet the difficulties will be great,
and the costs may be so high that no company will undertake the work. If progress in using atomic
power to drive machines is fast enough, it is possible that oil-driven engines may give place to the
new kind of engine. In that case the demand for oil will fall, the oilfields will gradually disappear, and
the deposits at the North Pole may rest where they are forever

From Power and Progress by G. C. Thornley (Longman)

1. De qué trata el articulo?

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2. Qué estrategia utilizaste para llegar a esa conclusión?

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3. Pudiste utilizar Skimming?

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Ve al siguiente Link y revisa la información sobre Scanning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-KJv4bZEjE

SCANNING: Es una estrategia específica que se puede utilizar para hacer una
lectura detallada en busca de datos específicos. En esta estrategia también se
pueden utilizar los gráficos, los dibujos, las palabras claves del texto, la
numeración. Sin embargo, antes de limitarnos a lo específico, hacemos una
práctica de skimming para elegir lo que, en realidad, deseamos del texto.
La forma más efectiva para utilizar Scanning es ir directamente a cada pregunta y
buscar en el texto la información solicitada.

ACTIVITY 2 . Now Read the Text Again and Choose the Correct Answer for each Question.
( Use Scanning )

1. Whales are
a. the largest animals that have ever lived in the world
b. the largest animals living in the Caspian Sea
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c. the largest animals living on land.

d. the largest animals now living in the world

2. Vegetable oil
a. was unknown in ancient times
b. is known only to old people.
c. was known only in the old days
d. was known to people long ago

3. The term ' mineral oil ' is used by the author to refer to
a. the oil from which petrol is made
b. any oil that burns.
c. cod liver oil.
d. petrol Only

4. Oil-burning lamps
a. are used in more and more homes nowadays.
b. are used by a large number of people, although not so many as previously.
c. burn more brightly than any other kind of lamp.
d. are not used very much now

5. The purpose of lubrication is

a. to produce heat
b. to produce oil of the right thickness.
c. to reach all parts of a machine.
d. to reduce friction.

6. Mineral oil became very important only when

a. the internal combustion engine was invented.
b. American Indians began to collect and sell it.
c. lubricating oils were made from it.
d. the oil wells in Pennsylvania were developed.

7. Scientists think that

a. coal was formed from shale under the surface of the earth.
b. oil was formed from sea water by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature
c. oil was formed from sea creatures caught between layers of rock
d. oil was formed from large deposits of mud on the sea bed

8. “Where there is shale, there is likely to be oil" The author says this in order to show that
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a. oil was first formed under the sea.

b. shale is another form of oil
c. oil was made from shale.
d. shale is a sedimentary rock.

9. The author mentions Trinidad because

a. it is an example of a place where drilling is not necessary to obtain oil
b. its asphalt is very good for making roads.
c. it probably has large quantities of crude oil under the surface
d. it has a famous lake which was visited by Sir Walter Raleigh

10. The oil drill

a. Should always go at least a mile into the earth
b. Occasionally goes more than a mile into the earth.
c. often goes up to a mile into the earth.
d. cannot go more than a mile into the earth.

11. The driller is unlucky when

a. the drill brings up soil
b. the drill does not bring up any soil.
c. the drill goes very near the oil without striking it.
d. the drill strikes oil at a high level.

12. The cost of unsuccessful drilling

a. is met by the driller.
b. is included in the selling price of petrol
c. is paid by the government.
d. is paid by the refineries.

13. When crude oil is heated, petrol rises from it first, because
a. it has a low boiling point
b. it is the most important product of crude oil.
c. it can be cooled easily.
d. we want to collect it first.

14. Three areas of oil deposits are mentioned in a single paragraph, whereas the fourth area
is mentioned in a separate paragraph. This is because

a. The fourth area is a long way from north america

b. The fourth area is a good place to develop atomic power.
c. Its oilfields are already exhausted.
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d. The fourth area has not been developed yet and may never be developed.

15. Progress in using atomic power may

a. Remove many of the difficulties of drilling for oil
b. make it unnecessary to drill near the North Pole
c. Reduce the cost of drilling near the north pole.
d. give rise to a new kind of oil-driven engine

a. Utilizaste la estrategia Scanning?

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b. Debiste leer cada palabra del texto?

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