Name: Voinea Elena Andreea

Class: 7D
Teacher: Baciu Eleonora

CHARLES I
 2.Childhood
Charles was born as the second son of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of
Denmark on 19 November 1600. He was created Duke of Albany, the traditional
title of the second son of the King of Scotland on 23 December 1600.

His father became the King of England in March 1603. His parents and older
siblings left for England leaving behind Charles who was a sickly child as they
feared that he might not survive the journey.

Charles left for England in mid-1604 when he was found to be strong enough for
the journey. He would spend most of the rest of his life in England. In addition to
being a weak child, he also developed a speech impediment.

In 1605, he was created Duke of York and made a Knight of the Bath.

He received his early education from Thomas Murray who taught him classics,
languages, mathematics and religion.

As he grew up, Charles overcame some of his physical infirmities and became an
adept horseman and marksman. He also loved hunting and fencing.

His elder brother Henry, who was the heir apparent and a much popular figure,
died of an illness at the age of 18 in 1612. Charles, aged 12 at that time, became
the heir apparent. He automatically gained several titles including Duke of
Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay due to his newly gained status as the eldest
surviving son of the sovereign.

Charles was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in November 1616.
3.Charles I and his family

Charles was the 2nd son of James VI of Scotland

(James 1 of England) and Anne of Denmark. He was
born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and became heir to
the throne on the death of his brother Henry in
1612. His father favoured marriage to the Spanish
infanta Maria Anna, but Parliament was hostile to
Spain and in 1625 he married Henrietta Maria,
daughter of Henry IV of France. Their children
included Charles and James (who became Charles II
and James II), and Mary who married William II of
Orange and was the mother of William III.
4.Reign
Charles's reign began with an unpopular friendship with George Villiers,
Duke of Buckingham, who used his influence against the wishes of
other nobility. Buckingham was assassinated in 1628. There was
ongoing tension with parliament over money - made worse by the costs
of war abroad. In addition, Charles favoured a High Anglican form of
worship, and his wife was Catholic - both made many of his subjects
suspicious, particularly the Puritans. Charles dissolved parliament three
times between 1625 and 1629. In 1629, he dismissed parliament and
resolved to rule alone. This forced him to raise revenue by non-
parliamentary means which made him increasingly unpopular. At the
same time, there was a crackdown on Puritans and Catholics and many
emigrated to the American colonies.
Unrest in Scotland - because Charles attempted to force a new prayer
book on the country - put an end to his personal rule. He was forced to
call parliament to obtain funds to fight the Scots. In November 1641,
tensions were raised even further with disagreements over who should
command an army to suppress an uprising in Ireland. Charles
attempted to have five members of parliament arrested and in August
1642, raised the royal standard at Nottingham. Civil war began.
The Royalists were defeated in 1645-1646 by a combination of
parliament's alliance with the Scots and the formation of the New
Model Army. In 1646, Charles surrendered to the Scots, who handed
him over to parliament. He escaped to the Isle of Wight in 1647 and
encouraged discontented Scots to invade. This 'Second Civil War' was
over within a year with another royalist defeat by Parliamentarian
general Oliver Cromwell. Convinced that there would never be peace
while the king lived, a rump of radical MPs, including Cromwell, put him
on trial for treason. He was found guilty and executed on 30 January
1649 outside the Banqueting House on Whitehall, London.
5
6. The Characteristics and
Personality of Charles I 

Charles' I was quite a greedy man for money and wealth,

he believed in the divine rights of a King, as taught by his
father. The impressions that Charles' gave after going into war
with Parliment (The Civil War) was bad because it illustrated
that Charles' I was a very stubborn, thoughtless and indecisive
King that ony cared about his rights to the Throne in stead of
making laws or policies for his own counrty. 

Charles' I had a sickly childhood, suffered from a poor Health

and lack of Parental Affection which probably made him a shy
King that had a Speech Impediment.  He was very diligent in his
paperwork and very involved with the decision making of the
government. However, he did not understand the give-and-
take relattionship between the crown and parliament, and he
thought that if he made his will known, then everyone would
Obey because he had divine providence. This created the
problems that led to the English Civil War.
7.
8.Relationship with the
Parliament
Relations between Charles I and Parliament gradually got worse. There
were clashes about foreign policy and many Puritan Protestants disliked
Charles's religious policy. Charles revived old laws and taxes without
the agreement of Parliament. When Parliament complained in 1629, he
dismissed them. Until 1640, Charles ruled without a Parliament – the
'Eleven Years' Tyranny'.
War with Scotland forced Charles to recall Parliament. Instead of
granting Charles money, Parliament sent him the Grand Remonstrance
(1641). This was a list of 204 complaints about the way he was running
the country. After Charles had tried and failed to arrest the five leaders
of the Parliament, a civil war broke out.
Parliament had the support of the south-east of England, merchants,
London and the navy. Charles's forces were gradually worn down.
After Oliver Cromwell set up the New Model Army, Parliament won
decisive victories at Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645).
Charles surrendered in 1646. He failed a second time to defeat
Parliament during the the Second Civil War in 1648. Parliament put him
on trial for treason and he was executed in 1649.
Historians in the past portrayed the Civil War as the time when
Parliament defeated the power of the king. England was a republic for
the next 11 years ruled by Oliver Cromwell. The Civil War, however,
achieved no permanent change in the balance of power between king
and Parliament.
In 1660, Charles II was restored to the throne and continued, as his
father had done, trying to rule without Parliament.