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PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019

ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL HISTORY; ART & CULTURE
KEY AND EXPLANATION
Number of Questions: 100
1. Ans: (b) is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is
Exp: secondary.
Balban utilised the policy of “blood and iron” to It was used for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri.
consolidate delhi sultanate. This policy implied being It is now used by Kashmiri pandit community for
ruthless to the enemies, use of sword, harshness and ceremonial purposes.
strictness and shedding blood. It allowed use of all sorts of 7. Ans: (c)
methods of terrorism and inflicting violence upon enemies. Exp:
2. Ans: (d) Virupaksha Temple is located in Hampi in the Ballari
Second Sangam was conducted during the times of Pandyas district of Karnataka, India. It is part of the Group of
at Kapatapuram. Monuments at Hampi, designated as a UNESCO World
It was initially headed by Agastya and later by his disciple Heritage Site. The temple is dedicated to Virupaksha, a
Tolkappiyar. form of Shiva. The temple was built by Lakkan Dandesha,
Toklkappiyam is a textbook on Tamil grammar. It is a a nayaka (chieftain) under the ruler Deva Raya II of the
product of second Sangam and not the third. Vijayanagara Empire.
3. Ans: (b) 8. Ans: (d)
Exp: Exp:
Razia Sultana, was the Sultan of Delhi (or "Sultanah of The six hill forts of Rajasthan that are a part of World
Delhi") from 10 October 1236 to 14 October 1240. A Heritage sites are
member of the Mamluk dynasty, she is known for being the Chittorgarh
only female ever to rule the Delhi Sultanate and the only Ranthambhore
female ruler of Delhi until Indira Gandhi became Prime Jaisalmer
Minister of India. Kumbhalgarh
4. Ans: (c) Amber and
Exp: Gagron.
Acharya Virasena was a Jain monk and a Mathematician. 9. Ans: (a)
He is the author of Dhavala which is a celebrated Jaina
Exp:
text.
Tallapaka Annamacharya (or Annamayya) was a 15th-
Jinasena is a revered Digambara monk. He wrote
century Hindu saint and is the earliest known Indian
Mahapurana and Harivasmha Purana.
musician to compose songs called sankirtanas. He is the
5. Ans: (a) first known composer in carnatic music. Other composers
Exp: like Purandaradasa came after him.Tyagaraja and his
Qutbu l-Din Aibak, a former slave (Mamluk) of contemporaries, Shyama Shastri and Muthuswami
Muhammad Ghori, was the first Sultan of Delhi. Dikshitar, were regarded as the Trinity of Carnatic music.
6. Ans: (b) 10. Ans: (b)
Exp: Exp:
Sarada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai is the
family of scripts , developed around 8th century. latest addition to the list of World Heritage sites from India.
Abugida is a segmental writing system in which This is a collection of the Victorian Gothic buildings and
consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit Art Deco buildings. They are the Bombay High Court,
Rajabai Clock Tower, Eros Cinema and the University of
Mumbai.
11. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Rāmānujāchārya is famous as the chief proponent of
Vishishtadvaita subschool of Vedānta.Vishishtadvaita is a
non-dualistic school of Vedanta philosophy. It is non-
dualism of the qualified whole, in which Brahman alone
exists, but is characterized by multiplicity. It can be
described as qualified monism.It is a school of Vedanta
philosophy which believes in all diversity subsuming to an
underlying unity.
12. Ans: (c)
13. Ans: (b)
Exp:
The mosque was built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb
at the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India, from 1659-1660
for his 2nd wife Nawab Bai. Whereas, Moti Masjid in
Agra was built by Shah Jahan.
14. Ans: (c)
Exp:
A Hindu temple is a Panchayatana one when the main
shrine is surrounded by four subsidiary shrines.
The origin of the name is the Sanskrit words Pancha (five)
Ayatana (containing).
Generally, the Hindu temple is built along a west-
east axis. So the four subsidiary shrines are at the north-
east, south-east, south-west, north-west.
15. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Amīr Khusrow Dehlavī, was a Sufi musician, poet and
scholar from India. He was an iconic figure in the cultural
history of South Asia. He was a mystic and a spiritual
disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi.Khusrow is
regarded as the "father of qawwali" (a devotional music
form of the Sufis in the Indian subcontinent), and
introduced the ghazal style of song into India.
16. Ans: (d)
Exp:
Chandra Gupta 1 was the first important King of Gupta
Dynasty; laid down the foundations of Gupta empire and
claimed the title of Majarajadhiraja. ( King of Kings)
His empire included modern day Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and
Bengal with capital at Patalipura.
He enhanced his power my marrying Kumara Devi of
Lichchaavi clan of Nepal. In fact, Samudragupta was
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referred to as Lichchhavi-dauhitra (grandson of the
Lichchhavis) in the famous Allahabad prashasti.
17. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Iltutmish after ascending to the throne, realised that Turkish
nobles were not trustworthy and could conspire against him
to overthrow his rule. Therefore, he had a group of faithful
slaves to protect him. This group was known as Amir-i-
Chahalgani, or The Forty.
They were assigned important posts and became
very influential and powerful as time passed. During
Iltutmish's rule, they served him quite faithfully but, after
his death, they became notorious and intrigued against
nearly all his successors.
18. Ans: (c)
Exp:
The Pandyans were based in around Madurai and had the
emblem of Fish.
The Pandya kings profited from trade with Roman Empire
and even sent embassies to the Roman emperor Augustus.
19. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Fa-Hien was the first Chinese pilgrim to visit India.He was
a Foreign Envoy and visited India at the time of
Chandragupta II, known as Vikramaditya. Fa-Hien came to
India to collect Buddhist texts and relics.Hiuen-Tsang
visited India during the time of Harshavardhana. He wrote
his experiences in his book Si-yu-ki
20. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Manimekalai is the sequel to Silappadikaram.
It deals with adventures of the daughter of Kovalan and
Madhavi.
21. Ans: (a)
Exp:
During Chola administration, settlements of peasants,
known as ur, became prosperous with the spread of
irrigation agriculture. Groups of such villages formed larger
units called nadu. The village council and the nadu had
several administrative functions including dispensing
justice and collecting taxes. Brahmanas often received land
grants or brahmadeya. As a result, a large number of
Brahmana settlements emerged in the Kaveri valley as in
other parts of south India.
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22. Ans: (b)
Exp:
The inscriptions of Asoka were written in Pali, Prakrit,
Brahmi, Kharosthi, Aramaic and Greek languages.
To commemorate the birthplace of the Buddha,
Ashok visited Lumbini, worshipped here and gave tax
concessions to the villagers.
23. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Bhakti movement disregarded the austerities preached by
the Jains and the Buddhists and preached personal devotion
to God as a means of Salvation.
24. Ans: (b)
Exp:
According to Jaina texts, Chandragupta Maurya adopted
Jainism and went to the hills of Shravana Belagola ( now in
present day Karnataka) with Bhadrabahu and committed
Sallekhana.
25. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Sufism was not against mysticism. Sufism was a liberal
reform movement within Islam.Sufism stressed the
elements of love and devotion as effective means of the
realization of God. According to Sufis one must have the
guidance of a Pir or Guru, without which spiritual
development is impossible.
26. Ans: (d)
Exp:
The book was lost for many centuries until a copy of it,
written on palm leaves, was rediscovered in India in c.1905
CE by R. Shamashastry.
This edition is dated to approximately c.250 CE, many
centuries after the time of Kautilya, but it is generally
accepted that the main ideas in this book are large of
Kautilya himself.
27. Ans: (b)
Exp: Iltutmish was the first to introduce Arabic coinage in
India. Alauddin Khalji introduced the system of paying
salaries in cash to the soldiers and took measures to
regulate prices of commodities by establishing four
separate markets in Delhi;He was the first sultan of Delhi
who ordered for the measurement of land.
28. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Parishisthaparvan was written by Hemachandra which
helped in establishing connection of Jainism with
Chandragupta Maurya
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Arthashatra presented a trove of information regarding
administration and conduct of king during the Mauryan
times.
29. Ans: (d)
Exp:
All are correct. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were the taxes
collected not in the Maratha kingdom but in the
neighboring territories of the Mughal Empire or Deccan
sultanates.
30. Ans: (d)
Exp:
Asoka is referred to as Piyadassi or Devanampiya in the
inscriptions i.e., Beloved of the Gods.
31. Ans: (d)
Exp:
Qandhar was regarded as important to the Mughal Empire
because it was one of the gateways to India, and Mughal
control over Qandhar helped to prevent foreign intrusions.
32. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Mahavira and Buddha were contemporaries.
Ajita Kesakambali is usually considered as the forerunner
of the Charvaka School and Brihaspati is referred to as the
founder of Charvaka or Lokayata School.
33. Ans: (b)
Exp:
The land revenue system of Akbar was called Zabti.It was
further improved by Raja Todar Mal. It was known as
Dashala system. By this system, Todar Mal introduced a
uniform system of land measurement. The revenue was
fixed on the average yield of land assessed on the basis of
past ten years.In the Dahsala/ Zabati system payment of
revenue was made generally in cash.
34. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Makkali Gosala was a contemporary of Mahavira. It was
also a Sramana movement.
The Ājīvika school is known for its Niyati ("Fate") doctrine
of absolute determinism, the premise that there is no free
will, that everything that has happened, is happening and
will happen is entirely preordained and a function of
cosmic principles.
35. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Statement 2 is incorrect. Although Akbar did not pass any
formal decree against the practice of Sati, he thoroughly
discouraged the practice. Statement 1 and 3 are correct.
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36. Ans: (c)
Exp:
First Buddhist Council was held soon after the death of
Buddha by Ajatshatru.
Second Buddhist Council was held under the King
Kalasoka.
Third Buddhist Council was held under Patronage of
Ashoka.
Fourth Buddhist Council was held by Kanishka.
37. Ans: (c)
Exp:
A Hundi is a financial instrument that developed in
Medieval India for use in trade and credit transactions.
38. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Pudgala refers to aggregates of atoms which have form,
colour, taste, and smell and can be touched and felt.
39. Ans: (d)
Gulbadan Begum (c. 1523 – 7 February 1603) was a
Mughal princess and the youngest daughter of Emperor
Babur. She is best known as the author of Humayun-Nama,
the account of the life of her half-brother, Emperor
Humayun. Statement I is incorrect. After losing battle with
Akbar, Maharana Rana Pratap built a new capital at
Chavand. Therefore statement II is also incorrect.
40. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Digambara tradition holds that a woman lacks the body and
rigid will necessary to attain moksha, i.e., liberation, hence
she has to be reborn as a man before such an attainment is
possible
Shvetambaras acknowledge the possibility of
women attaining Jina-hood and maintain that women are
capable in the present lifetime of the same spiritual
accomplishments as men.
41. Ans: (c)
Exp:
During the war of succession which took place after Shah
Jahan's illness in 1657, Jahanara sided with the heir-
apparent Dara and ultimately joined her father in Agra Fort
where he had been placed under house arrest by
Aurangzeb. She took care of Shah Jahan until his death in
1666. Aurangzeb,while taking his stand on the Hanafi
school of Muslim law, which had been traditionally
followed in India, did not hesitate in issuing secular
decrees, called ‘zawabit.’A collection of his decrees had
been collected in a work known as Zawabit-i-Alamgiri.
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42. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Uposatha means a ceremony held on full moon and new
moon.
Upasampada means an ordination ceremony when a novice
becomes a full-fledged member of the monastic
community.
Nibbana is the annihilation of the ego.
43. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Group of Monuments at Hampi: The austere, grandiose site
of Hampi was the last capital of the last great Hindu
Kingdom of Vijayanagar. Its fabulously rich princes built
Dravidian temples and palaces which won the admiration
of travellers between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Group of Monuments at Pattadakal: Pattadakal, in
Karnataka, represents the high point of an eclectic art
which, in the 7th and 8th centuries under the Chalukya
dynasty, achieved a harmonious blend of architectural
forms from northern and southern India. An impressive
series of nine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary,
can be seen there. One masterpiece from the group stands
out-the Temple of Virupaksha, built c. 740 by Queen
Lokamahadevi to commemorate her husband's victory over
the kings from the South.
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram: This
group of sanctuaries, founded by the Pallava kings, was
carved out of rock along the Coromandel coast in the 7th
and 8th centuries. It is known especially for its rathas
(temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave
sanctuaries), giant open-air reliefs such as the famous
'Descent of the Ganges', and the temple of Rivage, with
thousands of sculptures to the glory of Shiva.
44. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Mudrarakshasa meaning, “ The signet of Minister”, which
is historical play in Sanskrit by Visakadutta which narrates
the ascent of the King Chandragupta Maurya to power in
Northern India.
45. Ans: (b)
Exp:
The Chola rulers adopted the practice of having long
inscriptions written on the walls of the temples they built,
giving a historical narrative of their victories. That is why
we know a great deal more about the Cholas than their
predecessors. Rajarajeshwara Temple at Tanjore, which
was built by Rajaraja and Rajendra I is one famous
example.
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46. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Buddha is represented in five forms:
Lotus and Bull – Birth
Horse – Renunciation
Bodhi Tree – Mahabodhi
Dhammachakra Pravartana – First Sermon
Footprints – Nirvana
47. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Natha, Jogis and Siddha of North India challenged the
authority of Veda and Brahmanical tradition during
medieval period. They didn't function within the orthodox
Brahmanical framework. They came from artisanal groups,
including weavers, who were becoming important with the
development of organized craft production.Alvars and
Naynars were followers of Vishnu and Shiva during the
medieval period in Tamilnadu. Lingayats, though
challenged the Brahmanism , they originated in Karnataka.
Thus Alvars, Naynars and Lingayats were from South India
and not North India. Ajivika, Lokayat and Ahetuvdins are
examples of different philosophical traditions from Ancient
India and not Medieval India.
48. Ans: (a)
Tripitakas are one of the earliest compilations of Buddhist
teachings. The early Buddhist monks transcribed and
categorized the Buddha’s teachings in three baskets.
Abhidhamma Pitaka refers to study and systemization of
teachings of Sutta Pitaka. Sutta Pitaka refers to the texts
that are supposed to contain what the Buddha himself said.
49. Ans: (c)
Statement 1 is not correct as Changez Khan reached Indus
during the reign of Iltutmish in 1221 AD, chasing the
Khwarizmi prince Jalaluddin. Statement 2 is correct as
Abdullah the grandson of Mongol ruler Halaku marched
towards Delhi with 1.5 lakh horses.He was defeated by
Jalaluddin Khalji at Bhatinda. Statement 3 is correct as
Alauddin Khalji had faced a 2 lakh strong Mongol force
near Delhi under Qutlugh Khwaja.This forced him to raise
a strong army.
50. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Visuddhimagga i.e., The path to purity written by
Buddhaghosa deals with development from the purity of
discipline to Nibbana / enlightenment.
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51. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Nadir Shah was a Persian ruler who came to India in 1739.
The Mughal empire had been weakened by ruinous wars of
succession in the three decades following the death of
Aurangzeb, the Hindu Marathas of the Maratha Empire had
captured vast swathes of territory in Central and Northern
India, whilst many of the Mughal nobles had asserted their
independence and founded small states. At the Battle of
Karnal on 24 February 1739, Nadir led his army to victory
over the Mughals, Muhammad Shah surrendered and both
entered Delhi together. Nadir shah took to Persia the
Peacock Throne, Kohinoor diamond (mountain of light)
and dariya-I- Noor (sea of light) diamond.
52. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Literally, Bhumisparsha translates into 'touching the
earth'. It is more commonly known as the 'earth witness'
mudra. This mudra, formed with all five fingers of the
right hand extended to touch the ground, symbolizes the
Buddha's enlightenment under the bodhi tree when he
summoned the earth goddess, Sthavara, to bear witness to
his attainment of enlightenment.
The right hand, placed upon the right knee in earth-pressing
mudra, and complemented by the left hand-which is held
flat in the lap in the dhyana mudra of meditation,
symbolizes the union of method and wisdom, samasara
and nirvana, and also the realizations of the conventional
and ultimate truths.
It is in this posture that Shakyamuni overcame the
obstructions of Mara while meditating on Truth.
53. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Al-Biruni was a traveller from Uzbekistan who visited in
11th century in Punjab and Northern part of India. In his
book Kitab-Ul-Hind, he adopted a distinctive structure in
his book to describe India. He started each chapter with a
question, following up with a description based on
Sanskritic traditions, and concluding with a comparison
with other cultures. He noted that the four social categories
of society was not unique to India, however, criticized the
notion of pollution in social strata. Ibn Battuta was a
Moroccon traveller who visited India when Muhammad bin
Tughlaq was the Sultan of Delhi. He wrote his travelogue
known as Rihla.
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54. Ans: (a) accommodation to Indian and foreign travelers, pilgrims,

Exp: merchants, traders etc.
Milindapanho meaning Questions of Milinda / Menander. It 60. Ans: (c)
is purported to be a dialogue between the Buddhist sage Exp:
Nagasena and the Indo-Greek King Menander. Anga - Champa
55. Ans: (d) Kashi - Varanasi
Exp: Kosala - Shravasti
The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a Vajji - Vaishali
mansab, meaning a position or rank. It was a grading Mallas - Kusinara and Pava
system used by the Mughals to fix (1) rank, (2) salary and
Vatsa - Kaushambi
(3) military responsibilities. Rank and salary were
Magadha - Rajgriha
determined by a numerical value called zat. The higher the
zat, the more prestigious was the noble’s position in court 61. Ans: (b)
and the larger his salary.Mansabdars did not actually reside Exp:
in or administer their jagirs. They only had rights to the Marco Polo (1292-1294 AD):Marco Polo was a Foreign
revenue of their assignments which was collected for them Envoy and Venetian traveler. In 1294 A.D. he visited South
by their servants while the mansabdars themselves served India. Marco Polo visited Rudramadevi's Kakatiya dynasty.
in some other part of the country. He wrote his experiences in his book 'The Book of Sir
56. Ans: (b) Marco Polo'. This book explains the economic history of
India.
Exp:
Ibn Batuta (1333-1347 AD): Ibn Batuta was A
Buddhism charts a middle path whereas Jainism pursues
Morracan traveller, he wrote the book 'Rihla' (The
extreme asceticism.
Travelogue). In his book he explained the dynasty of
They agree on the lack of efficacy of rituals.
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq and also the economical, social
57. Ans: (a) and geographical status of his time.
Exp: Abdur Razzaq (1442 - 1445 AD):Ambassador of
Guru Nanak (1469-1539) was born in a Hindu merchant Shahrukh of Timrud Dynasty.Came during the rule of
family in a village called Nankana Sahib. Guru Nanak Devaraya II of Vijaynagar empire .Known for his
advocated a form of nirguna bhakti. He rejected sacrifices, description of Vijayanagar empire
ritual baths, image worship, austerities and the scriptures of 62. Ans: (b)
both Hindus and Muslims.
Exp:
For Guru Nanak, the Absolute or rab had no gender
The tax was collected by Balisadhaka
or form.The fifth preceptor, Guru Arjan, compiled Guru
The first coins were made of silver and copper which were
Nanak’s hymns along with those of his four successors and
created by punch marking them.
other religious poets like Baba Farid, Ravidas (also known
as Raidas) and Kabir in the Adi Granth Sahib. These 63. Ans: (d)
hymns, called gurbani, are composed in various languages. Exp:
(Thus statement 2 is not correct) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has
58. Ans: (c) been formulated with the vision of extending the coverage
Exp: of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’ and improving water use
efficiency ‘More crop per drop' in a focused manner with
The five great vows are applicable only to ascetics in
end to end solution on source creation, distribution,
Jainism and in place we have five minor vows called as
management, field application and extension
Anuvratas to the households.
activities.PMKSY has been formulated amalgamating
59. Ans: (c)
ongoing schemes viz. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit
Exp: Programme (AIBP) of the Ministry of Water Resources,
Sarais are the interesting features of Medieval India, they River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation
are the ringed cities built largely on simple square or (MoWR,RD&GR), Integrated Watershed Management
rectangular plan and were meant to provide temporary Programme (IWMP) of Department of Land Resources

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(DoLR) and the On Farm Water Management (OFWM) of
Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC).
64. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Nigama refers to a market town which was at an
intermediate level between grama and nagara.
Rajdhani refers to a capital city.
65. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Indonesia has agreed to give India economic and military
access to the strategic island of Sabang at the northern tip
of Sumatra and close to the Malacca Strait. Sabang, also
known as Weh island, is located 710 km southeast of the
Andaman Islands and less than 500 km from the entrance
of the Malacca Strait, through which almost 40% of India’s
trade passes.
66. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Svapnavasavadatta was composed by Bhasa.
Ratnavali and Priyadarshika were composed by Harsha.
The epics refer to a tale of love between Udayana
and Vasavadatta ( Pradyota’s daughter)
67. Ans: (b)
Exp:
The Ratle Hydroelectric Plant is a run-of-the-river
hydroelectric power station currently under construction on
the Chenab River, downstream of the village of Ratle, near
Drabshalla in Kishtwar district of the Indian state of Jammu
and Kashmir. Pakistan has frequently alleged that it
violates the Indus Water Treaty.
68. Ans: (d)
Exp:
The motto of India, Satyameva Jayate meaning Truth
alone triumphs is taken from Mundaka Upanishad.
69. Ans: (b)
Exp:
Chhattisgarh will have a new force on the lines of the
Greyhounds. It will be called Black Panther. The
Greyhounds are a special force in Telangana and Andhra
Pradesh that specialise in anti-insurgency operations
against Naxalites.
70. Ans: (d)
Exp:
Goghna means a Guest who is fed on cattle.
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71. Ans: (b)
Exp:
SURYA KIRAN is a Joint Military Exercise between India
and Nepal. It is a biannual event which is conducted
alternatively in Nepal and India.
72. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Sangam texts are secular in nature. The only religious
poems among the shorter poems occur in Paaripadal which
is a classical Tamil poetic work.
73. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK) seeks to
provide better socio economic infrastructure facilities to the
minority communities particularly in the field of education,
health & skill development which would further lead to
lessening of the gap between the national average and the
minority communities with regard to backwardness
parameters.It is under ministry of minority affairs.
74. Ans: (c)
Exp:
The script of IVC is undeciphered.
It is of Boustrophedon in nature i.e., written from left to
right and right to left in alternate lines.
75. Ans: (b)
Exp:
It is a Central Sector Scheme under Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare and was announced in 2003, with two
components:
1. Setting up of AIIMS-like institutions; and
2. Up-gradation of existing State Government
Medical College.
It aims to correct the imbalances in the availability of
affordable tertiary healthcare facilities in different parts of
the country in general, and augmenting facilities for quality
medical education in the underserved States in particular.
76. Ans: (b)
77. Ans: (d)
Exp:
To ensure energy security, the Government of India had
decided to set up 5 million metric tons (MMT) of strategic
crude oil storages at three locations namely,
Visakhapatnam, Mangalore and Padur (near Udupi). These
strategic storages would be in addition to the existing
storages of crude oil and petroleum products with the oil
companies and would serve as a cushion during any
external supply disruptions. The construction of the
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Strategic Crude Oil Storage facilities is being managed by 84. Ans: (b)
Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Limited (ISPRL), a Exp:
Special Purpose Vehicle, which is a wholly owned According to Sangam texts, Uzhavar were Ploughmen,
subsidiary of Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB) Adimai were slaves and Vellalars were large landowners.
under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
Gahapatis was not used in Tamil texts.
78. Ans: (c)
85. Ans: (a)
Exp:
Exp:
Dancing girl was found in Mohenjo-Daro
The statue of Gomateswara at Sravana-Belagola is the son
The people of Indus Valley civilization were unaware of of the first tirthankara Rishava/ Rishaba.
Iron. They had knowledge of Gold, Copper and Bronze.
86. Ans : (d)
79. Ans: (c)
Exp:
Exp:
In the Majjhima Nikaya, written in Pali, Avantiputta and
This is the first-ever Indian circumnavigation of the globe Kachchana discuss with each other that if Shudra had
by an all-women crew. The vessel was skippered by wealth, he could employ a Brahmin or Kshatriya as a
Lieutenant Commander Vartika Joshi, and the crew servant. Therefore, the conclusion reached was that all
comprised Lieutenant Commanders Pratibha Jamwal, P Varnas are same.
Swathi, and Lieutenants S Vijaya Devi, B Aishwarya and
87. Ans: (a)
Payal Gupta.The expedition titled ‘Navika Sagar
Exp:
Parikrama’ is in consonance with the National policy to
empower women to attain their full potential. The Vitarka mudra indicates teaching, discussion or intellectual
indigenously-built INSV Tarini is a 56-foot sailing vessel, debate
which was inducted in the Indian Navy in February 2017, Anjali Mudra which resembles ‘Namaste’ refers to
and has showcased the ‘Make in India’ initiative on the Greetings and adoration.
International forum. 88. Ans : (c)
80. Ans: (a) 89. Ans: (c)
Exp: Exp:
People of IVC knew the metals Gold, Copper, and Bronze. Nishka and Sataman are weights of gold.
Iron was unknown to Harappans. The earliest coins were the punchmarked coins of the
81. Ans: (a) Mahajanapada age.
Exp: 90. Ans: (c)
Samkhya school of philosophy believed in dvaitavada i.e., Exp:
soul and matter are separate entities. This concept is the Kot Diji, Mehrgarh and Mohenjo-Daro are in present-day
basis for all real knowledge. Pakistan.
This knowledge can be acquired through three main Banawali is located in Haryana.
concepts: 91. Ans: (d)
Perception, Inference and Hearing. Exp:
82. Ans: (c) Mahabhasya was written by Patanjali. It was a
Kalibangan is located in Rajasthan where fire altars have commentary on the rules of grammar of Sanskrit based on
been found. Panini’s Asthadhyayi and Katyayana’s Vrattika.
Lothal is present in present-day Gujarat where a dockyard 92. Ans: (b)
is found. A fire altar has also been found her. Exp:
83. Ans: (c) The features are characteristic of Bhimbetka which is
Exp: located in Central India in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
Cow was missing from the seals and art of Harappan 93. Ans: (c)
sculpture. Exp:
Jaimini Brahmana mentions of Dance and music.

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Though Panini refers to the art of making music but the And, Mesolithic age is known for microliths i.e., tools of
first reference to theory of music was discussed in small size for a new climatic regime.
Bharatha’s Natyashastra. 97. Ans: (b)
94. Ans: (b) Exp:
Exp: Manganiyars or Merasis from Rajasthan use an instrument
Megaliths, as the name suggests, are large stone forms a called Kamaicha to sing classical folk music.
prehistoric monument. Megaliths are associated with 98. Ans: (d)
Neolithic-Chalcolithic age. The huge stones are used to Exp:
construct monuments for various purposed including
Kot Diji was a forerunner to the Indus Valley Civilization.
religious reasons also.
It is on the east bank of the Indus river whereas the on the
95. Ans: (b) west bank we have Mohenjo-daro.
Exp: 99. Ans: (d)
Sangeet Ratnakara was written by Sarangadeva. Exp:
It defined ragas both from the North Indian and the Raga forms the basis for melody whereas Tala becomes
Dravidian branches of music as well. basis for the Rhythm.
96. Ans: (c) 100. Ans: (c)
Exp: Exp:
Paleolithic age is primarily known for the creation of stone Buddhism has three major schools
tools by Homo genus.
Theravada
Neolithic age is known for the advent of agriculture and
Mahayana
consequently tools for the harvesting of crops.
Vajrayana
Chalcolithic age is known for the discovery of the use of
copper.

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