1

GROUP – II TEST – 1
GENERAL STUDIES
Answers with Explanation

1. Ans : A
 Places in India where the Old stone age tools were found:
 Madhya Pradesh - Soan River bank, Pimpet Ca, Mageshwa.
 Rajasthan - Luni Valley.
 Karnataka - Pagalkhat
 Andhra Pradesh - Karnool caves, Renigunta.
 Tamilnadu- Vadamadurai, Attirampakkam, Pallavaram, Kanchipuram,
Vellur, Thiruvallur.

2. Ans : A
 Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chisti came to India around 1192 A.D. and stayed
at Ajmer. According to him the greatest form of devotion to God was
through service to humanity. He dedicated his entire life to the service of
mankind. He was popularly known as ‘Gharib Nawaz’ or protector of the
poor.

3. Ans : D
Harappa:
 In 1856, when the British ruled India, they laid railway lines on the banks
of River Ravi, a branch of Indus river.
 Harappa in Sindhi means ‘Buried City’. The cities discovered after the Indus
Valley Civilization were named as Harappan Civilization.

4. Ans : A
Disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate:
 The disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate had begun during the Tughluq
period. The invasion of Timur and the incompetent and intolerant nature of
some of the Sayyid and Lodi rulers led to the crumbling of the Delhi
Sultanate. The first to break free from Delhi in the South were the rulers of
the Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdom.
 Khandesh, Bengal, Sindh, Multan, Gujarat, Malwa, Jaunpur, Kashmir,
Assam and Orissa also asserted their independence.
 Further the defeat of Ibrahim Lodi in the first Battle of Panipat in 1526 A.D.
by Babur ended the Lodi dynasty and brought the downfall of the Delhi
Sultanate in India. The Delhi Sultanate which began in 1206 A.D. and
lasted for about 300 years came to an end with the establishment of Mughal
rule in India in 1526 A.D.

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5. Ans : B
 There were nearly 36 Rajput clans. The major clans were
 The Pratiharas of Avanti
 The Palas of Bengal.
 The Chauhans of Delhi and Ajmer
 The Tomars of Delhi
 The Rathors of Kanauj
 The Guhilas or Sisodiyas of Mewar
 The Chandellas of Bundelkhand
 The Paramaras of Malwa
 The Senas of Bengal
 The Solankis of Gujarat

6. Ans : D
Impact of the Bhakti Movements:
 The Bhakti Movements tried to end the exploitation of the masses by the
priestly class. They created awareness about the evils of superstitious
beliefs. It paved the way for equality and brotherhood. The Bhakti saints
preached against ritualism, idol worship, caste-system, priestly domination
and difference of religions. They believed that through love and devotion
one can realize the personal presence of God. They encouraged good will
and co-operation among the Hindus and Muslims.

7. Ans : D
 Baba Farid, the disciple of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chisti preached the unity of
God and brotherhood. He encouraged people to live a simple life. Sultan
Balban was a devotee of Baba Farid.

8. Ans : B
 Sayana wrote commentaries on Vedas. Krishnadevaraya wrote
Amuktamalyada in telugu. His Sanskrit works were Usha Parinayam and
Jambavati Kalyanam.

9. Ans : D

10. Ans : B

11. Ans : C
 Poompuhar was also known by names such as Puhar and
Kaveripoompattinam. It served as the port of the early Chola kingdom. One
of the popular Sangam Literature. Pattinapaalai and Tamil epics,
Silappathikaram and Manimegalai, have references to the brisk sea-borne
trade that took place in the port city, Puhar.

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12. Ans : A
 The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was started in 1861 with Alexander
Cunningham as Surveyor. Its headquarters is located in New Delhi.

13. Ans : A
 KVT Complex (Korkai-Vanji-Thondi) spread over Afghanistan and Pakistan
has many places, names of those were mentioned in Sangam literature.
 Korkai, Vanji, Tondi, Matrai, Urai and Kudalgarh are the names of places in
Pakistan.
 Gurkay and Pumpuhar in Afghanistan are related to the cities and ports
mentioned in the Sangam Age. The names of the rivers Kawri and Poruns in
Afghanistan and the rivers Kaweri Wala and Phornai in Pakistan also occur
in the Sangam literature.

14. Ans : A
 Cotton fabrics were in common use.
 Clay spindles unearthed suggest that yarn was spun.
 Wool was also used. Indus people used the red quartz stone called
Carnelian to design jewellery.
 Iron and Sugarcane was unknown to people of Indus.

15. Ans : B
 Poet Kalidasa says, “Kanchi is the best of the towns”. Tamil poet saint
Thirunavukarasar praises Kanchi as “Kalviyil Karaiillatha Kanchi”.

16. Ans : D
 The Pattinapaalai, a poetic work in the Pathinenkeezhkanakku, gives
elaborate information of the trading activity during the rule of Karikalan.
 The Pathitrupathu (a collection of ten decades of verses) provides
information about the Chera kings. It is known that the Chera king
Senguttuvan went on a military expedition to North India.

17. Ans : B
 Vatsyaya wrote Nyaya Bhashya. Perundevanar, who was patronized by
Nandivarman II, translated the Mahabharata into Tamil as Bharathavenba.

18. Ans : C
 Kizhar was the village chief.
 The crown prince was known as komahan, while the young prince were
known as Ilango, Ilanchezhiyan and Ilanjeral. Land tax was called ‘Irai’.
Padaikottil was called Arsenal.

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19. Ans : C
Status of Women in Sangam Age:
 There was no restriction for women in social life. There were learned and
wise women. Forty women poets had lived and left behind their valuable
works. Marriage was a matter of self-choice. However, chastity (karpu) was
considered the highest virtue of women. Sons and daughters had equal
shares in their parents’ property.

20. Ans : B
 Pushyamitra was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. This Agnimitra is said to
be the hero of Kalidasa’s Malavikagnimitra. The hero of Kalidasa’s
Malavikaagnimitra belongs to the Sungas.

21. Ans : B
 The Satavahana king Hala was himself a great scholar of Sanskrit.
 The Kantara school of Sanskrit flourished in the Deccan in second century
B.C. Hala is famous as the author of Sattasai (Saptasati), 700 stanzas in
Prakrit.

22. Ans : C
 Kailasanatha Temple was one of the 30 temples carved out of the hill at
Ellora.
 It was built during the reign of Krishna I. This temple has resemblance to
the shore temple at Mamallapuram.

23. Ans : B
 The music inscriptions in Kudumianmalai and Thirumayam temples show
Pallavas interest in music. The famous musician Rudracharya lived during
Mahendravarma I. The sculptures of this period depict many images in
dancing postures.

24. Ans : C
 Megasthenese, the ambassador of Seleucus stayed at Pataliputra for many
years and wrote about India in this book ‘Indica’. The Jain religious text
says that Chandragupta Maurya became a monk leaving his throne and
went with the Jain monk, Bhadrabagu to south India. He ended his life by
fast unto death as a devout follower of Jainism at Saravanabelagola.

25. Ans : A
Similarities of Jainism and Buddhism :
 Both Mahavira and Buddha hailed from royal families. Yet they renounced
royal privileges and chose at adopt an ascetic life.
 Denied the authority of Vedas.
 Taught in the language of the common people.
 Admitted disciples from all the castes and from both the genders.

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 Opposed blood sacrifices.
 Believed in the doctrine of Karma.
 Emphasized on right conduct and right knowledge instead of performing
religious ceremonials and rituals as the means to achieve salvation.

26. Ans : A
 Sanskrit was not encouraged by Bahmani Sultans

27. Ans : D
 Muhammad Shah III died of guilt of killing his minister Muhammad Gawan.

28. Ans : B
Vittalaswami Temple:
 Vittalaswami Temple was constructed during the reign of Krishna Deva
Raya. In the front of the temple is a famous stone chariot of ratha, carved
out of a Single rock. Another notable feature is the musical pillars. When
tapped, these pillars produces music. It is called as ‘musical’ or ‘Sa Re Ga
Ma’ pillars.

29. Ans : A

30. Ans : C
Scholars of Sultanate Period:
 Alberuni an Arabic and Persian Scholar served under Mahmud of Ghazni.
He learnt and translated two Sanskrit works into Arabic. He was impressed
by the Upanishads and Bhagavat Gita. In his work Tarikh-ul-Hind, he
Referred to the socio-economic conditions of India.

31. Ans : C
Marketing System:
 Officers like Diwan-i-riyasat and Shahana-i-mandi were appointed to
regularize the market. All merchants were required to register themselves in
the office of the Shahana-i-Mandi and sell their goods at fixed rates.

32. Ans : C
 Muhammad-bin-Qasim was sent by Al-Hajjaj, the Governor of Iraq with the
permission of Caliph Walid to conquer Sind. He marched against Dahir the
ruler of Sind, defeated him in the Battle of Rewar and captured Sind. He
also captured Multan. He got so much of wealth from Multan that he called
Multan ‘The City of Gold’.

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33. Ans : C
Impacts of Arabian Invasion:
 Brahma Siddhanta, a Sanskrit work of Brahma Gupta was translated into
Arabic. Arabic works mention the names of Indian scientists like Bhala,
Manaka and Sindbad. Dhana was appointed as a chief Medical Officer in a
hospital at Baghdad. Manaka, a physician cured a serious disease of Caliph
Harun-al-Rashid.

34. Ans : C
 The lost wax technique: The lost wax technique was used by the Chola
craftsmen to make bronze statues. First the image was made in wax. Then
it was covered in clay and allowed to dry. A tiny hole was made in the clay
cover. Next, it was heated and the molten wax was drained out through the
hole. Once the metal was coated and solidified the clay cover was carefully
removed and the image was cleaned and polished.

35. Ans : D
 Manickavasagar’s composed Thiruvasagam, Andal’s composed Thiruppavai,
Nammalvar’s composed Thiruppallandu, Villiputhurar wrote Mahabharatha,
Adhiveerarama Pandya wrote Naidadham, Srikaviraya wrote books namely
Seyur Murugan ula and Rathingiri ula.

36. Ans : D
 Muvarula, Kulothunga Pillai Tamil, Thakayagaparani were written by
Ottakkuthar. Jeyamkondar wrote Kalingathuparani.

37. Ans : B
 The first style was the Rock cut temple which was introduced by
Mahendravarman I.
 This style of temples were excavated at places like Mahendravadi,
mammandur, Dalavanur, Thiruchirappalli, Siyamangalam,
Thirukazhukundram, etc.,
 The second style is represented by the Monolithic Rathas and Madapas
found at Mamallapuram. The third style is the structural temple in the
Rajasimah style. Eg. Kailsanatha temple at Kanchi, the Shore temple at
mamallapura, etc., The last style is also the Structural temples continued
by the later Pallavas. Eg.Vaikundaperumal temple, the Muktheeswara
temple, etc.

38. Ans : B

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39. Ans : B
Responsibilities of the Ashtapradhan:
 Pantpradhan/Peshwa – Prime Minister
 Amatya/Mazumdar – Finance Minister
 Shurunavis/Sacheev – Secretary
 Waqia-Navis – Interior Minister
 Sar-i-Naubat/Dubeer – Foreign Minister
 Nyayadhish – Chief Justice
 Panditrao – High Priest

40. Ans : C

41. Ans : A
 Khajuraho monuments (Madhya Pradesh)
 Temples in Konark (Odisha) and Dilwara (Mt.Abu, Rajasthan)

42. Ans : D
Charminar (Hyderabad):
 There was a prolonged tripartite struggle between the Gurjara Pratiharas of
Malwa, the Rashtrakutas of Deccan and the Palas of Bengal, as each one of
them wanted to establish their supremacy over the fertile region of Kanauj.
In the process, all the three powers were weakened.

43. Ans : B
 Gopala founded Pala dynasty.
 Dharmapala founded Vikramashila Monastery, which became a great centre
of Buddhist learning.
 Devapala was also a great patron of Buddhism. He gifted five villages to
Buddhists. He also constructed many temples a long with moasteries in
Magadha.

44. Ans : B
 The Raksha Bandan (Rakhi) tradition is attributed to Rajputs. Raksha
(protection) Bandhan (to tie) is a festival that celebrates brotherhood and
love.
 Rabindranath Tagore started a mass Raksha Bandhan festival during the
partition of Bengal (1905), in which he encouraged Hindu and Muslim
women to tie a rakhi on men from the other community and make them
their brothers.

45. Ans : B
 Mahmud of Ghazni was associated with Battle of Waihind. Anandapala
fought against Mahmud but was defeated in the battle of Waihind, near

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Peshawar, in 1008. As a result of his victory at Waihind, Mahmud extended
his rule over Punjab.

46. Ans : D
 Matrimonial alliances between the Cholas and the Eastern Chalukyas began
during the reign of Rajaraja I. His daughter Kundavai was married to
Chalukya prince Vimaladitya Their son was Rajaraja Narendra who married
the daughter of Rajendra Chola named Ammangavevi. Their son was
Kulothunga I.

47. Ans : C
 When Balaji Bajirao was the Peshwa. Emperor Shahu died (1749)

48. Ans : A
 Turquoise is a semi-precious stone sky blue in colour. Turquoise throne is
one of the bejeweled royal seats of Persian kings described in Firdausi’s
Shah Nama.

49. Ans : C
 The final collapse of Vijayanagara happened in 1646

50. Ans : D
 The Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Am, Panch Mahal (pyramidal structure in five
stories),
 Rang Mahal, Salim Chishti’s Tomb and Buland Darwaza were built during
Akbar’s time.
 Jahangir completed Akbar’s tomb at Sikandara and the beautiful building
containing the tomb of Itmad-ud-daula, father of Nur Jahan, at Agra.

51. Ans : C
 According to census of India 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599
other languages. Four major Indian language families are Indo-Aryan,
Dravidian, Austroasiatic and Sino Tibetian. Tamil is the oldest Dravidian
language.

Classical
Sl.No. Year of Declaration
Languages
1. Tamil 2004
2. Sanskrit 2005
3. Telugu 2008
4. Kannada 2008
5. Malayalam 2013
6. Odia 2014

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52. Ans : C
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar:
 He is popularly known as Baba Saheb.
 He earned his M.A. in 1915 and then obtained a D.Sc at the London School
of Economics before being awarded Ph.D by Columbia University in 1927.
 He served as the chairman of drafting committee of the constituent
assembly and hence regarded as the father of Indian Constitution.
 He was independent India’s first Law Minister.
 He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1990.

53. Ans : C
Democracy Period Location Significance
5th century BC Foundation of political
1. Greek Democracy Greece
(BCE) philosophy
Italian
Roman Empires 300 BC - 50 Loads of expansions of the
2. Peninsula,
Democracy BC (BCE) growth of civilization
Rome
San Merinos Earliest written
3. AD (CE) 301 Italy
Democracy constitution still in effect
The oldest and longest
The Iceland
4. AD (CE) 930 Thingvellir functioning parliament in
Democracy
the world.
Between
The Isle of Man’s Self governing possessions
5. AD (CE) 927 Great Britain
Democracy of the crown
and Ireland
British 13th Century
6. England Magna Carta of 1215
Democracy AD (CE)
United States The oldest standing
7. US Democracy AD (CE) 1789
of America democracy

54. Ans : D
 Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen(APJ) Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India
and who is fondly remembered as People’s President.
 He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna,in 1997.
 Kalam has written books are India 2020, Wings of Fire, Ignited Minds, The
Luminous Sparks and Mission India.
 He has been called the ‘Missile Man of India’.
 Viswanathan Anand has won the world chess championships five times
(2000, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012).
 He won the World Junior Chess Championship at the age of 14.
 He became India’s first grandmaster in 1988.

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 He was the first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1991-92,
(India’s highest sporting honour).
 He received the nation’s second highest civilian award Padma Vibushan in
2007.
 S.Ilavazhagi participated in the 2008 World Carrom Championship at Palais
Des Festivals, Cannes, France, and bagged her maiden women’s title.
 In 2016, At the Rio Paralympics, Mariyappan won the gold medal in the
men’s high jump T-42 event, with a leap of 1.89 m.

55. Ans : C
 National Flag’s length and width proportion is 3:2 respectively and the
Ashoka’s chakra has 24 spokes in it.
 The National flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya from Andhra Pradesh.
 The first Indian Flag was woven at Gudiyatham
 This flag was hoisted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 15th August 1947 at
Red Fort (Delhi)
 This flag is now an exhibit at the St.George’s Fort Museum, Chennai.

56. Ans : B
 15 women members were there in the Constituent Assembly.

57. Ans : C
 India is known for ‘unity in diversity’. This phrase was coined by Jawaharlal
Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India, in his book Discovery
of India

58. Ans : C
State Popular dance
Tamil Nadu Karagattam, Oyillattam, Kummi, Therukoothu,
Bommalattam, Puliattam, Kolattam, Thappattam
Kerala Theyyam and Mohiniattam
Punjab Bhangra
Jammu and Kashmir Dumhal
Gujarat Garba and Dandia
Rajasthan Kalbelia and Ghoomer
Uttar Pradesh Raaslila and Chholiya
Assam Bihu

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59. Ans : D
Banyan Tree – 1950 – It is symbol of pride and has many medicinal
values.
Peacock – 1963 – It is native to Asia and the only bird which has a
tail.
River Ganges - 2008 – It is a perennial river and many royal capitals
flourished on the banks of this river.
River Dolphin – 2010 – It is the reliable indicator of the health of the
entire river eco-system.
It is in the endangered list.
King cobra - – It is the world’s longest venomous snake and
Ophiophagus hannah lives in the rain forests and plains of India.
Lotus – 1950 – Though it grows in muddy water it blooms with
beauty.
Tiger – 1973 – It is the largest cat species. India has 70% of
tigers population in the world.
Elephant – 2010 – It is native to mainland Asia and plays a critical
role in maintaining the regions forests.
Lactobacillus – 2012 – They are friendly bacteria. They are a major part
of the lactic and bacteria group.
Mango – 1950 – It is a rich source of vitamins A, C and D and
mainly cultivated in the plains.

60. Ans : D
 The world statistical data on democracy declares that 79% of the Indian
citizens have faith in the democratic system. Hence, India ranks first among
the democratic countries of the world.

61. Ans : C
 The four lions on top of the Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath was chosen to be our
National emblem which was accepted on 26th January 1950, Satyameva
Jayate” has been inscribed at its bottom.
 It means ‘Truth alone triumphs’.
 The National emblem consists of two parts- the upper and the lower parts.
 The upper part has four lions facing the North, South, East and West.
 The lower part has an elephant, a horse, a bull and a lion.
 The ‘Wheel of righteousness’ is placed between them.
 This emblem is found at the top of the government communication, Indian
currency and passport.

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62. Ans : C
 Article 40 says that the state shall take steps to organize Panchayats and
endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable
them to function as units of self government (DPSP).

63. Ans : B
 In the year 1977- The leaders of opposition in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
were given statutory recognition. He is referred as the ‘shadow Prime
Minister’.
 Gets same salaries and allowances that are equivalent to a Cabinet minister
– paid by the government.
 To become leader of opposition, the single largest political party in
opposition should have atleast 10% seats in the Lok Sabha.

64. Ans : B

Top Five languages spoken in India (as per 2001 Census)

Language Percentage of total population
Hindi 41.03 %
Bengali 8.10 %
Telugu 7.19 %
Marathi 6.99 %
Tamil 5.91 %

65. Ans : C
 All the democratic countries including India have guaranteed the political
rights to all citizens. It includes
o Right to vote
o Right to hold public Office
o Right to criticise the government

66. Ans : B
 Direct Democracy
 Representative Democracy
 Parliamentary Democracy
 Presidential Democracy
– Switzerland
– India, USA, England
– India, England
– USA, Canada

67. Ans : C
 Every state has a State Election Commission.
 The Tamil Nadu State Election Commission is situated in Koyambedu,
Chennai, for conducting local body elections.

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68. Ans : B
 India is the largest democratic country in the world.
 Equality and justice are the pillars of democracy.
 Justice can be achieved when people are treated equality.
 Equality is so important because it preserves the dignity of an individual.

69. Ans : D
 Walajahpet Municipality (Vellore District) is the first Municipality in Tamil
Nadu.
 The Chennai Corporation (1688) is the oldest local body in India.
 Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce a town Panchayat in the whole
of India.

70. Ans : D
 The Election commission has stopped allotting animals as symbols.
 The only exceptions are the lion and the elephant.

71. Ans : A
 As per the Election Symbols order 1968, symbols are either reserved or free.
 A reserved symbol is meant for a recognized political party.
 A free symbol is reserved for unrecognized party.

72. Ans : C
 The Indian National Congress passed the 'Purna Swaraj' resolution that
called for complete independence in Lahore session in 1929 By Nehru
 The Cabinet Mission formed by the British government to resolve the
constitutional deadlock between the Indian political leaders regarding the
transfer of power, arrived in India on March 24, 1946
 The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is based on the ‘Objectives
Resolution’, drafted and moved by Nehru (December 13, 1946) and adopted
by the Constituent Assembly (January 22, 1947).
 On 29 August 1947, a Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr B. R.
Ambedkar as the Chairman.

73. Ans : B
 The Directive Principles may be grouped into the following categories such
as
 Socialist Principles,
 Gandhian Principles,
 International Principles
 Miscellaneous Principles.
 Gandhian Principles are based on Gandhian ideology, such as,
 organisation of Village Panchayats,

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 promotion of cottage industries, promotion of Educational and
Economic Status of SC & ST- weaker sections
 Equal justice and free legal aid (Miscellaneous Principles)

74. Ans : B
 The original constitution did not provide secular in Preamble and the
fundamental duties.
 Preamble has been amended by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act
(1976), which added three new words —socialist, secular and integrity.
 Fundamental duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 on
the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee
 The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 added one more fundamental duty.

75. Ans : A
 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is world's largest
community based programme.
 The scheme is targeted at children upto the age of 6 years, pregnant and
lactating mothers and women 16–44 years of age.
 The scheme is aimed to improve the health, nutrition and education (KAP) of
the target community.
 It was launched in 1975

76. Ans : C
 The Right to Education Act 2009, also known as the RTE Act 2009, was
enacted by the Parliament of India on 4 August 2009.
 It describes modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education
for children aged between 6-14 years in India under Article 21 (A) of the
Constitution of India.
 This act came into effect on 1 April 2010

77. Ans : A
 Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabai Patel, Moulana Azad, S. Radhakrishnan,
Viajalakshmi Pandit and Sarojini Naidu were the members in the
Constituent Assembly.
 Gandhi was not a member.

78. Ans : B
 The Indian currency is the Indian Rupees.
 The currency released by Sher Shah Sur in the sixteenth century was
‘Rupiya’.
 SherShah Sur has been Called Father Of Modern Currency
 This ‘rupiya’ has been transformed, into ‘Rupees’.
 The symbol of rupees was designed by D. Udhayakumar from Tamil Nadu in
the year 2010.

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79. Ans : C
 Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869.
 The United Nations marks October 2 every year as the International Day of
Non – Violence. It is being marked since 2007.
 The objective is to promote non – violence through education and public
awareness

80. Ans : A
 Must get registered with Election Commission of India
 Must have atleast 100 members. Each member needs to hold a voting card.
 Must write a Party Constitution

81. Ans : D
 According to Prof Laski “Equality does not mean identity of treatment, the
sameness of reward. It means first of all absence of social privilege, on the
second it means that adequate opportunities are laid upon to all”.
 H J Laski was an English political theorist and economist.

82. Ans : A
 Equality before law and equal protection of law have been further
strengthened in the Indian constitution under Article 21.
 Article 21 declares that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal
liberty except according to procedure established by law. This right is
available to both citizens and non-citizens.

83. Ans : A
 The Grama Sabha is the grass root level democratic institution in a Village
Panchayat”.
 The Panchayat Raj Act was enacted on April 24, 1992”.
 April 24 is National Panchayat Raj Day, to commemoration of above act the
rural local bodies are categorised into Village Panchayats, Panchayat
Unions and District Panchyats.

84. Ans : B
 New Zealand is the first country to allow women to vote (1893).
 Voting rights to women were given in 1918 and 1920 in the UK and USA
respectively.
 In Switzerland the right to vote is given to women in 1971.
 India is the first country to give right to vote to women from the very first
general election held in the year 1952.

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85. Ans : B
 “India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters” is our
national pledge.
 The pledge was written by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in Telugu.

86. Ans : D
Primary Activities:
 They are concerned with the production of raw materials for food stuff and
industrial use.
 Primary activities include:
 Agriculture
 Cattle rearing
 Fishing
 Mining
 Collection of fruits, nuts, honey, rubber, resin and medicinal herbs
 Lumbering

87. Ans : C
 The raw materials obtained from the primary activities are converted into
finished products through machinery on a large scale. These activities are
called secondary activities.
 Industries are classified on the basis of the availability of raw materials,
capital and ownership. On the basis of raw materials, industries are
classified as

Agro based industries – Cotton textiles, Sugar mills and Food

processing.
Forest based industries – Paper mills, Furniture making, Building
Materials.
Mineral based industries – Cement, Iron, Aluminium Industries.
Marine based industries – Sea food processing.

88. Ans : A
 Adam Smith is called as the father of Economics. He defined Economics as
follows : “Economics is the science of wealth”. The publication of Adam
Smith’s book “An enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of nations”
laid the foundation of Economics as a systematic study.
89. Ans : B
 Land and Labour are often referred to as original factors or primary factors.
Capital and Organization are derived factors.

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90. Ans : C
Characteristics of Land :
1. Land is a free gift of nature:
 Land was not made by man. It was already in existence.

2. Land is fixed in supply:

 The total area of land cannot be increased or decreased. Man can only
change the uses of land.
3. Land is permanent:
 It is permanent in the sense; it cannot be destroyed by man.

4. Land differs in fertility:

 Some lands are highly fertile. Some are less fertile. No two lands are
exactly the same in quality.
5. Land is a passive factor of production:
 It cannot produce anything by itself. Men have to work on land to
produce goods and services.

91. Ans : A
Direct Tax:
 A government levy on the income, property or wealth of people or
companies. A direct tax is borne entirely by the entity that pays it and
cannot be passed on to another entity.
 Direct tax is called as because it is directly paid to the Central Government
by the individual taxpayer.

92. Ans : B
Gift Tax:
 An individual who receives the amount exceeding Rs.50,000 without
consideration has to pay the tax called gift tax. However, marriage gifts,
money received from relatives and through inheritance are exempted from
gift tax.

93. Ans : D
 The importance of paying tax is as follows:
i) Tax is an important part of government’s income
ii) It is our foremost duty to pay the tax.
iii) The government spends the tax collected on building and developing
the infrastructure like transport, communication network, hospitals,
schools etc.
iv) Many social welfare schemes are being implemented time and again
mainly based on the amount of tax being collected from the people.
v) The budget is prepared and presented based on the income of the
government which includes the tax on various kinds of incomes.

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vi) Income generated from taxes also used for paying international
debts. On the whole payment of taxes, both direct and indirect, help
the process of nation building.

94. Ans : D
 An organizer / entrepreneur is a person who combines the different factors
of production, in the right proportion and initiates the process of production
and also bears the risk and uncertainties involved in it. An entrepreneur is
called as “the changing agent of the society”.

95. Ans : C
 The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry. This sector
provides services to the general population and to business. Activities
associated with this sector include Insurance and Banking services, Health
care, Transportation, Communication, Retail and whole sale, Entertainment
etc.
 There is an impressive expansion of job opportunities in the service sector in
our country.

96. Ans : D

97. Ans : C
 Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars – Solid Planets
 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune – Gaseous Planets

98. Ans : B
 The point of origin of the earthquake is called focus
 The point directly above the focus on the surface earth is called the
epicenter.

99. Ans : C
 Indira point and Indonesia are situated at Bay of Bengal
 6 Channel is separated the Indira point and Indonesia

100. Ans : D
Planets No. of satellites that revolve around the planets
Mercury 0
Venus 0
Earth 1
Mars 2
Jupiter 63
Saturn 60

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Uranus 27
Neptune 13

101. Ans : D
 In India Tsunami warning centres has been setup at Hyderabad

102. Ans : A
 A strait is a narrow stretch of water that connects two large water bodies
Eg: Palk strait – located between India and Srilanka
 Isthumus is a narrow strip of land connecting tow large land masses

103. Ans : C
 The earthquake waves are recorded by an instrument known as
Seismograph
 Rotameter – measures the volumetric flow rate of fluid in a closed tube
 Barometer – measure the air pressure
 Richter scale – measuring the strength of earthquakes

104. Ans : B
 Nimbus clouds - It causes continuous rainfall so it is called as storm (or)
rain clouds
 Cumulus clouds – Known as Thunder clouds
 Stratus - It may cause snow and drizzle
 Cirrus – Naturally dry and never bring rainfall

105. Ans : A
 Thousands of asteroids are found between Mars and Jupiter
 Asteroids are clusters of celestial bodies which includes tiny stones and
bigrocks
 300 – 400 km diameter

106. Ans : D
 Centre of the cyclone is the vaccum area which is termed as “The Eye of the
cyclone”
 Based on the origin and its location it is called by different names. They are
 Cyclones
 Typhoons
 Hurricanes

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107. Ans : A
Warn local winds Location
Brick fielder Australia
Chinook USA
Fohn Northern Italy
Sirocco Sahara Desert
Loo The Desert in India

Cool local winds Location

Harmattan Central Africa
Mistral Alps region
Purga Russia
Norte Gulf of Mexico
Pampero Argentina

108. Ans : C
 Venus and Uranus  Rotate East to West
 Other Plants  Rotate West to East

109. Ans : B
 Earth is inclined at an angle of 23½ from its central axis.
 This inclination causes seasonal changes

110. Ans : D
 It is bounded on the west by North and South Americas, east by Europe and
Africa. The important islands found in the Atlantic Ocean are Greenland,
British Isles, Newfoundland, West Indies, Cape Verde and Canaries. The
Atlantic trade route is considered as the world’s busiest trade route.

111. Ans : D
 Moraines are glacial deposition.
 Wind is the active agent of erosion and deposition in deserts.
 The sea waves deposit sediments of sand and gravel along the shores
forming beaches.
 As the ice melts, they get filled up the cirque with water and become
beautiful lakes in the mountains called as Tarn Lake
 When two adjacent cirques erode towards each other, the previously
rounded landscape is transformed into a narrow rocky, steep – sided ridge
called Aretes

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112. Ans : C
 Biotic resources are found in the biosphere which are obtained from living
and organic materials. It includes forests, crops, birds, animals, fishes, man
and materials that can be obtained from them. Fossil fuels such as coal and
petroleum are also included in this category because they are formed from
decayed organic matter.
 Abiotic resources are the non-living parts of an environment. Examples of
abiotic resources include land, water, air, sunlight and heavy metals
including ores such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.,

113. Ans : B
 It is called ‘Blue Planet’ or ‘Watery Planet’ because three-fourth of the Earth
is covered by water. The Earth is the only planet in the solar system which
is not named after any Greek or Roman deity.

114. Ans : A

115. Ans : B
 The time taken for the rotation and revolution of the planets around the
Sun.
Duration of Distance from Duration of
Planets
revolution the sun Rotation
Mercury 87.97 days 5.79 Crore Km 58.6 days
Venus 224.7 days 10.82 Crore Km (-) 243 days
Earth 365.4 days 15 Crore Km 23 hours 56 min
Mars 687 days 22.79 Crore Km 24 hours 37 min
Jupiter 11 years 9 months 77.83 Crore Km 9 hours 55 min
Saturn 29 years 5 months 142.7 Crore Km 10 hours 40 min
Uranus 84 years 287.1 Crore Km (-) 17 hours 39 min
Neptune 164 years 9 months 449.7 Crore Km 16 hours

116. Ans : D

117. Ans : B
 Perihelion is the Earth’s closest position to the Sun.
 Aphelion is the farthest position of the Earth from the Sun.
 Summer Solstice. It is the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere and
longest night (shortest day) in the Southern Hemisphere.
 Winter Solstice. It is the longest day in the Southern Hemisphere and
longest night (shortest day) in the Northern Hemisphere.

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118. Ans : B
 Stratosphere extends approximately for about 80 km. Temperature
increases with height. This is the layer where most jet planes fly. The top
edge of the stratosphere is rich in ozone. They captures the ultraviolet rays
of the sun and takes the harmful effects out.

119. Ans : C
 Earth is inclined at an angle of 23½ from its central axis.
 This inclination causes seasonal changes

120. Ans : C
Liquefaction of gases:
 When pressure on a gas is increased, the molecules comes closer together
and the temperature is reduced.
 This process removes enough energy to make it change from gaseous to
liquid state.

121. Ans : C
 Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of molecules.
 Heat measures the total kinetic energy of the molecules in the substance.
 SI unit of temperature is kelvin.

122. Ans : A
 Saturn has the lowest density of all the planets in the Solar System.
 Density = 687 kilograms per cubic meter
 Density of water = 997 kilograms per cubic meter.

123. Ans : A
Mass of Cylinder
 Density of Cylinder =
Volume of Cylinder
 Mass of cylinder = Density of Cylinder * Volume of Cylinder
 Mass of cylinder = (70 kg/m3)*(4 m3) = 280 kg.

124. Ans : A
 One astronomical unit is defined as the average distance between the earth
and the sun.
 1 AU = 149.6 million km = 149.6 × 106 km = 1.496 × 1011 m.

125. Ans : C
Net Charge
 Electric Current =
Time
 From the given data,

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30 Coulomb
Electric Current =  0.25 Ampere
120 second

126. Ans : A
 Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the measure of a material's
ability to conductan electric current.
 The S.I Unit of electrical conductivity is Siemens/meter(S/m)

127. Ans : D

128. Ans : D
 The chemical reaction inside the secondary cell is reversible
 It can be recharged.
 Examples of secondary cells are lead accumulator, Edison accumulator and
Nickel –Iron accumulator.

129. Ans : D
 Bodies that emit light on their own are called luminous bodies.
 Moon reflects the light from Sun, it cannot produce its own light.

130. Ans : C
 Both the statements are correct

131. Ans : D
 Wood is a transparent object, while the rest of them are translucent objects.

132. Ans : A
 Before his death in 1642, Galileo made plans for the construction of a
pendulum clock. But the first successful pendulum clock was constructed
by the Dutch scientist Christian Huygens only in 1657.

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133. Ans : B
Speed Velocity
It is the rate of change of It is the rate of change of displacement
distance with respect to time. with respect to time.
It is a scalar quantity (having It is a vector quantity (having magnitude
only magnitude) and direction)

Speed is velocity without a Velocity is speed in a particular direction.

particular direction.
It is measured in metres per It is measured in metres per second in a
second in the SI system. particular direction in the SI system.

Distance can either be equal to Displacement is either equal to or lesser

or greater than displacement.
Speed in any direction would
be a positive quantity, since
distance in any direction is a
positive quantity.
than the distance.
Velocity can be a negative quantity. If
velocity in one direction is assumed to be
positive, then the velocity in the opposite
direction would be a negative quantity.

134. Ans : D
 Since the person walks around a circular path and returns to the same
point, the displacement is zero.
 Distance travelled = 440 meters
 Displacement = 0 meters.

135. Ans : D
 Mass is a scalar quantity.
 Rest of them are vector quantities.

136. Ans : D

 D type battery is largest among the given options.

 It delivers higher potential difference and current.

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137. Ans : D
 Daniel cell works based on Chemical effect of current.
 Electrons produced in X-Ray tube – Thermionic emission.

138. Ans : A

139. Ans : C
 Properties of images formed by plane mirror.
1. Virtual image
2. Erect image
3. Laterally inverted image
4. Size of the image is same as the size of the object.

140. Ans : B
 A concave mirror can produce both real and virtual image depending on the
position of the object from the mirror.
 A plane mirror and convex mirror always produces virtual image.

141. Ans : B
 The particles of gases and liquids can move and among that gases move
easily we call this movement as Diffusion.
 Diffusion is the tendency of particles to spread out in order to occupy the
available space.

142. Ans : D
 A mixture is an impure substance and contains more than one kind of
particles.
 In the mixture the components are mixed in any proportion.
 A mixture can be a physical combination of two or more elements.
Example: 22 Carat Gold mixed with 2 parts of copper.
 Two or more compounds mixed in any proportion to form mixture.
Example: Aerated drink which is composed of Carbon dioxide, Water,
Sweetching and colouring agents.

143. Ans : D
 Slow Changes: Changes which take place over a long period of time are
known as slow changes.
Example: Germination of Seed, Growth of nail and hair.
 Fast Changes: Changes which take place within a short period of time
(Seconds or minutes)
Example: Breaking of glass, Bursting of fire crackers.
 Reversible change: Changes which can be reversed or to get back the
original state are known as reversible change
Example: Touch me not plant

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Stretching of rubber band.
 Irreversible Change: Changes which cannot be reversed or to get back the
original state known as Irreversible changes.
Example: Change of milk in to curd, digestion of food.

144. Ans : A
 Both (A) and (R) are correct. (R) is correct explanation of (A).
 Physical Changes are the temporary changes in which there is change in
the physical appearance of the substance but not in its chemical
composition. Here no new substance is formed.
Example: Melting of Ice, Solution of Salt and Sugar.
 Chemical changes are the permanent changes in which there is change in
the chemical composition and new substance is formed.
Examples: Blackening of Silver Ornaments and Rusting of Iron, Burning of
Wood.

145. Ans : C
 The changes which are useful, not harmful to our environment and desired
by us are known as desirable changes.
Examples : Ripening of fruit, Growth of plants, cooking of food.
 The changes which are harmful to our environment and not desired by us
are known as undesirable changes.
Example : Rusting of Iron, Decaying of fruit.

146. Ans : C
 The percentage of availability of fresh water in earth is 3% and 97% water is
saline water.
 The distribution of the totally available (3%) fresh water is
 Polar ice caps and glanier - 68.7%
 Ground water - 30.1%
 Other source of water - 0.09%
 Surface water - 0.3%
 The distribution of total 0.3% of surface water is
 Lakes - 87%
 Rivers - 2%
 Swamps - 11%

147. Ans : C
 Water is measured in litre and milliliter. Gallon is also a measure of volume
of liquids.
 I Gallon = 3.785 litre

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148. Ans : D
 The physical composition of water changes from place to place. It can be
clear or cloudy, oxygenated or not very oxygenated and it can be fresh or
salty.
 The amount of salt in water is termed as salinity.
 Based on salinity water is classified in to three main categories.
 Fresh Water - 0.05% to 1% of salt
 Brackish water - up to 3% of salt
 Sea water contains more than 3% of salt.

 During winter, water in lakes and ponds in the cold countries will be frozen
and a solid layer of ice is formed on the surface of water. Still aquatic
animals living under the ice do not die. This is because the floating layer of
ice act as a protective coat, and does not permit heat to escape from water.
So as the water at the surface alone turns to ice, the ascistiening of aquatic
animals.

149. Ans : A
 Propanethial sulphur oxide is present in onion. When we cut onion we get
tears in the eyes with irritation, because propanethial sulphur oxide is easily
volatile compound. When we cut onion some of the cells are damaged and
this chemical comes out. It becomes vapour and reach our eyes result in
irritation and tears in eyes.

150. Ans : B
 Certain nutrients (or) mineral are also needed for the growth of plants.
 Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are the three important nutrients
among the various nutrients needed for the growth of plants. These three
are called as principal Nutrients.
 The percentage of Nitrogen in Urea is 46%.

151. Ans : C
 Molecules of matter have force of attraction between them. The structure
and properties of matter (They are soft or hard, colour or transparent liquid
or gas) - depends on the atom and molecules are arranged.
 In Solid state molecules are closely arranged and force of attraction between
the molecules is very strong.
 Inter molecular space of solid is minimum and incompressible.
 In Gaseous state inter molecular force of attraction between the molecules of
gas is negligibly small because the molecules are very loosely.
 Gaseous state is highly compressible compared to solid and liquid.

152. Ans : C
 Phenolic compounds are responsible for the bright colours, arom and
flavour of many fruits and Vegetables.

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 Phenolic compound react with oxygen to form a brown pigment known as
melanin.
 Phenolic compound reduce the risk of heart disease and certain types of
cancer.

153. Ans : A
 The amount of heat energy liberated when 1 kg of the fuel is burnt
completely in oxygen is called the calorific value of the fuel.
 Methane  13,340 kcal/kg
 Petrol  11,500 kcal/kg
 Natural gas  CNG  8000 to 12000 kcal/kg
 LPG  11,900 kcal/kg
 Kerosene  10,300 kcal/kg
 Hydrogen Calorific value  34,000 kcal/kg
 Water gas (Co + H2)  3000 to 6000 kcal/kg

154. Ans : C
 In physical changes - no energy change is involved
 In Chemical Changes - Energy change is involved
 Burning of a candle is an example of chemical change. The wax molecule is
converted in to carbon dioxide and water molecules.

155. Ans : B
 Gaseous fuels are preferred over solid and liquid fuels because they have a
low ignition temperature
 Burn completely and leave no residue like soot, Ash, Smoke.
 High calorific value.
 Pollution free
 Solid fuel - High ignition temperature. They produce a large amount of
residue (soot, ash) after combustion.
 Low Calorific value.
 Liquid fuel - Emit the toxic gases (Co, Co2).

156. Ans : D
 If the fuel is pure carbon, Carbon dioxide is produced and water vapour
when it is combusted.
 Coal contains 50% Carbon, produce CO2, NO2, SO2 and water vapour.

157. Ans : A
 Potassium hydroxide - KOH - Strong base used as a Strong electrolyte and
also used in manufacturing of soap.
 Ammonium hydroxide - Weak base - used in the window cleaner.

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 Potash Alum - K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Double salt (Potassium Aluminium
Sulphate).
Uses : It is used for the purification of water.
It is also employed to arrest bleeding.

158. Ans : B
 When acid react with Turmeric powder it gives yellow colour.
 Acid do not give any colour or colourless in phenolphthalein Indicator.

159. Ans : C
 Copper sulphate is used as a Insecticide. It also used in manufacturing of
Fungicides.
 Copper sulphate has been registered for use in pesticide products in the
United States since 1956.

160. Ans : A
 Hydrangeas (or) Hydrangea macrophylla, the flower colour indicates the pH
of the soil.
 In strongly acidic soil (pH below 6) flowers turn Blue. In Alkaline soil
flowers turn pink or even red. In neutral soil flowers turn to white.

161. Ans: A
S.NO ALGAE BENEFITS
1 Dunaliella salina Provide β carotene
2 Chlorella Single cell protein (SCP).
Kappaphycus alvarezii, Grown in the sea for harvesting
3 Gracilaria edulis and Gelidiella the phycocolloids
acerosa
4 Botryococcus braunii Biofuel production

162. Ans : A

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

1) Usually they are larger than Usually smaller than plant cells
animal cells
2) Cell wall present in addition to Cell wall absent
plasma membrane and consists of
middle lamellae, primary and
secondary walls
3) Plasmodesmata present Plasmodesmata absent
4) Chloroplast present Chloroplast absent

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5) Vacuole large and permanent Vacuole small and temporary
6) Tonoplast present around vacuole Tonoplast absent
7) Centrioles absent except motile Centrioles present
cells of lower plants
8) Nucleus present along the Nucleus at the centre of the cell
periphery of the cell
9) Lysosomes are rare Lysosomes present
10) Storage material is starch grains Storage material is a glycogen
granules

163. Ans : B
 World habitat day - 1st Monday of October.
 World Wetland Day - Feb 2
 World Forest Day - March 21
 Earth Day - April 22
 World Environment Day - June 5
 Natural Resources Day - October 5
 Nature Conservation Day - Nov 25
 World Food Day - October-16

164. Ans : D
 India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world.

165. Ans : D
Victoria Amazonica:
 Leaves of this plant grow up to 3 metres across.
 A mature Victoria leaf can support an evenly distributed Load of 45
Kilograms or apparently young person.

166. Ans : D
Tap Root System
 The radicle of the embryo becomes the primary root (tap root).
 Generally dicot plants have tap root system.
eg. Mango, neem, carrot, radish, etc.
Adventitious Root System
 Roots that grow from any part of the plant other than the radicle are called
adventitious roots.
 Roots arise in cluster, they are also called as fibrous roots.
 Most monocot plants show adventitious roots.
eg. Rice, grass, maize, bamboo.

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167. Ans : A
Lichens:
 Symbiotic association between algae and fungi is called lichens.
 Algal partner is called Phycobiont or Photobiont.
 Fungal partner is called Mycobiont.
 Algae provide nutrition for fungal partner in turn fungi provide protection
and also help to fix the thallus to the substratum through rhizinae.

168. Ans : D
Hydrophytes:
 Root system is poorly developed.
 In some cases roots are even absent.
eg. Water hyacinth (Agayatamarai)
Mesophytes:
 They have well developed root system.
eg. Wheat, maize, sunflower, mango, neem
Xerophytes:
 They have long roots which go deep into the ground so as to absorb water.
eg. Opuntia (Chappathikalli)

169. Ans : B
Common Name Botanical Name
Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum
Mango Mangifera Indica
Potato Solanum tuberosum
Hibiscus Hibiscus rosasinensis

170. Ans : C
Name Branch
Hippocrates Father of Medicine
Carolus Linnaeus Father of Taxonomy
Theophrastus Father of Botany
Paul Hebert Father of Bar coding
E.J Butler Father of Mycology
M.O. Parthasarathy Father of Phycology/ algology
Shiv Ram Kashyap Father of Bryology
R.H.Whittaker Five kingdom classification

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171. Ans : D
Kingdom No. of Identified species
Monera 9,000
Protista 59,950
Fungi 100,000
Plantae 2,89,640
Animalia 1,170,000

172. Ans : C

173. Ans : C
Kingdom plantae Species
Bryophyta 24,000
Pteridophyta 10,000
Gymnosperms 640
Angiosperms 255,000

174. Ans : D
R.H.Whittaker:
 An American taxonomist
 Proposed five kingdom classification
 In 1969.
 Include Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

175. Ans : A
Kingdom of Monera:
 Includes all prokaryotic organisms i.e. mycoplasma, bacteria, actinomycetes
and cyanobacteria

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 They are microscopic.
 They do not possess a true nucleus.
 They lack membrane bound organelles.

176. Ans : C
 In 1928, Wonder Drug medicine was discovered in the world.

177. Ans : B
Glands Location
Pituitary gland At the base of brain
Pineal Gland At the base of brain
Thyroid Gland Neck
Thymus Gland Chest
Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Abdomen
Adrenal Gland Above the kidney
Gonads Pelvic cavity

178. Ans : B
 Brain is said to store as many as 100 million bits of information in a life
time.

179. Ans : D
 The human respiratory system consists of nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Order of Human Respiratory System:
Nostrils  Nasal cavity  Pharynx  Larynx  TracheaBronchus

Alveolus  Bronchiole

180. Ans : A
Unicellular Organisms :
 They are made up of single cell.
 The single cell of the organism can perform all the functions of life.
 These organisms are generally very small (microscopic) in size.
 They lack tissues, organs and organ systems.
 Growth occurs by an increase in the size of the cell.
eg. Amoeba, Paramecium and Euglena.

181. Ans : B
Vitamin Food Source
Vitamin A Fish liver oil, egg, milk, ghee, butter, carrot, corn, yellow fruits,
greens

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Vitamin B Whole grains, pulses, unpolished rice, milk, fish, meat, peas,
gram, raw vegetables
Vitamin C Orange, lemon, gooseberry, green chillies, tomato.
Vitamin E Vegetable oils, green vegetables, whole wheat, Mango, Apple,
Greens
Vitamin K Green vegetables, Tomato, Cabbage, Egg, Milk and milk products

182. Ans : C
 Kangaroo rat does not drink water at all. Whatever food it eats and oxygen it
gets from air combine together to form water inside the body.

183. Ans : D
 India has the second highest number of obese children in the world after
China.
 According to a study that has found that 14.4 million children in the
country have excess weight.

184. Ans : B
Mineral Deficiency Disease
Calcium Rickets.
Phosphorus Osteomalatia
Iodine Cretinism (in Child) Goitre (in adult)
Iron Anaemia

185. Ans : A
 “Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise” said
by Benjamin Franklin

186. Ans : A
Bacterial Diseases Mode of transmission
Cholera contaminated water
Pneumonia inhalation of airborne droplets from a sneeze or
cough.
Tetanus contamination of wounds with the bacteria
Typhoid contaminated food or water
Tuberculosis inhalation of airborne droplets from a sneeze or
cough.

187. Ans : D
 Normally fine hairs provide the fibres for making wool. Yak wool is common
in Tibet and Ladakh.
 Angora wool is obtained from Angora goats which are found in Jammu and
Kashmir. The wool from Angora goat is called as “Mohair”.

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188. Ans : A
 Amoeba is a unicellular organism and the mode of nutrition is holozoic.
 Amoeba engulfs the food with the help of pseudopodia (false feet) and forms
the food vacuole.
 In Amoeba, the digested food reaches the entire cell by diffusion.

189. Ans : D
 Smallest size of the cell is present in Bacteria. The size of the bacterial cell
ranges from 0.01 micrometer to 0.5 micro meter.

190. Ans : D
 The smallest bone in our body is present inside the ear. It is called Stapes.
It is only 2.8 millimeters long (average length).
 The longest bone in the body is the thigh bone. (Femur).

191. Ans : C
Animals Zoological Name
Cockroach(Karapan Poochi) Periplaneta Americana
Housefly (Ee) Musca domestica
Frog (Thavalai) Rana hexadactyla
Pigeon (Pura) Columba livia
Man (Manithan) Homo sapiens

192. Ans : C
Phylum Characters Examples
Coelenterata Common body cavity and eg. Hydra, Jelly fish
digestive cavity
Platyhelminthes Flatworms eg. Tape worm (Taenia)
Aschelminthes Thread-like worms eg. Round worm (Ascaris)
Chordata Have backbone eg. Fish, Frog, Man

193. Ans : B
 Dengue is spread by mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti caused by DEN-1, 2 virus
belonging to the type- flavivirus. It decrease counting of the blood platelets
of human blood and it has a maximum flight range of 50–100 meters in and
around the places.

194. Ans : D
 Hepatitis is one of the most dangerous and fatal diseases caused by
Hepatitis virus-A, B, C, D, E. Its mode of transmission is Contaminated
water, sharing of needles and blood transfusion. The symptoms of hepatitis
is loss of appetite, (Anorexia), vomiting, eyes and urine in yellow color.

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 AIDS is one of the most dangerous disease caused by HIV or Human
Immunodeficiency virus. Its mode of transmission is sharing of needles and
blood transfusion. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)

195. Ans : D
Specialised cell
Epithelial cells – they are
mostly flat and columnar in
shape
Muscle cells – they are long
and spindle shaped
Nerve cells – the body of
nervous cell is branched with
an elongated nerve fiber.
Red blood cells – Round,
biconcave and disc shaped
Function
They cover the surface of the body for
protection
They can contract and relax allowing the cell
for movement
Nerve cells are specialized to carry and
conduct messages that coordinate the
functions of the body.
Red blood cells carry oxygen and collect
carbon dioxide from various part of the body.

196. Ans : C
 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: It is a network of tubular sacs without
ribosomes on the membrane. They play a role in the synthesis of lipids,
steroids and also transport them within the cell.

197. Ans : B
 Nucleus acts as ‘Brain’ of the cell. It regulates and controls all the cell
activities.
 Special name of Nucleus is Control centre.

198. Ans : A
 Robert Hooke published a book named Micrographia in the year 1665,
where he first used the term Cell. He described the structure of tissue using
the term cell.

199. Ans : D
 The entry of food into the wind pipe is prevented by a flap like structure
called Epiglottis.

200. Ans : D
Liver:
 Blood carrying nutrients from the small intestine passes through the liver,
which filters it and breaks down and synthesizes proteins, converts glucose
into glycogen, and also produces bile.

********

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