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SCÏENTIFÏC'AND CULÏURAL ORGANISATION

OpFT. T PUBLICATION
OFF lM 1T UBLICA 0F NATIONS
TI ON OF THE UNITJm THE UNITED NATIONS
EDUCATIONAL, EDUCATIONAL,
SCIENTIFlC'AND CULtURAL ORGANISA TIN

Paries Newsletter UN-Unesco Accord

CALE ND AR

After months of necessary preparation, as the Director- (July-December), an41

Agreement Between the United Nations
General declared recently in an address to the Secrétariat,
Unesco is now moving forward, carrying out in many fields Conference of International Voluntary Orga, n. l3&tiona, the Un ! ted Nattons Educational, Scientiíic
of action. the tasks assigned to it as one of the specialised Paris, July 1.
agencies related to the United Nations. Executive Council of the International Council of and Cultural OrgalWon
\,-;"j^"
ion addition to working in the closest co-operation with Museums, Paris, July 18-19..
the appointed représentatives of its 31 Member States, Seminar on Education for International Understanding.
relations have been established for the execution of the Sèvres, July 21-August 30. 1-Article 57 of the Charter of the United NatioDII
programme with a certain number of non-member States, Executive Board. Unesco House, July 24-29. provides that specialized agencies, established by linter..
notably, Austria, Hungary, Italy and Switzerland, which Theatre Sub-Section : Expert Committee on the Organ- govefnmental agreement and having wide international
have applied for membocship within the organisation. Both ization of an International Theatre Institute, Paris, responsibilities as defined in their basic instruments 111
and Italy have appointed officiais of their July 28-August 1. économie social, cultural, educational, health, and related
Switzeriand
diplomatic representations in Paris to maintain liaison Radio Sub-Section : Programme Network Committee, fields. shall be brought into relationship with the United
with Unesco House. Paris, August 4-9. Nations.
The Vatican has established in Paris an International Committee for Cultural Reconstruction, Paris, July 22.
2-Articles X and IV paragraphB, sub-paraaph 5 of
Catholic Co-ordination Committee to ensure liaison with Temporary International Committee for Education and the constitution establishing the United Natiotta Edùca*
Unesco and to inform Catholic circles throughout thé. world Reconstruction, Paris, September 23-24.
tional, Scientific and Cultural Organization :khat
of its activities. Technical Needs Commission, Paris, August 25->30.
this Organization shall be brought int. () relation with the
During the past, weeks, Unesco has participated in. or Experts on Humanities and Philosophy : Committee in United Nations as soon a. s practicable, as one of the spectral-
has been represented at, a number of United Nations con- relation to Unesco, Paris, September 22-26. ized agencies Mferred to in Article 57 of the Charter of
ferences and activities at Lake Success. Thèse include : the Executive Board, Mexico City, November 3-5. the United Nations with thé function of advising the
First Session of the Trusteeship Council, the Temporary General Conference, Mexico City, nos. 6-Dec. 3.
United Nations on the educational, scientific and cultural
Social Welfare Committee. thé Sub-Commission on Free- International Council of Museums Con : erence, Mexico aspects of matters of concern to the latte.
dom of Information and the Press, thé-informai Committee Citv. November 12-17.
Therefore the United Nations and the United Natiota
on Housing and Town Planning, the Comm'sMrn on the
Status of Women, and the Drafting Committee of the Com- Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization agrco
UNESCO Represented : as follows :
mission on Human Rights.
Unesco is negotiating agreements with thc Worid Heaith International Union of Physics, International Union or ,>
Organisation, the International Labour Organisation, the ARTICLE 1
Chemistry, London, July 21-23.
Food and Agriculture Organisation. International Union of Biology, Copenhagen, July 28-29. The United Nations reeognizes thé United Nations
An information office of the United Nations has been International Congress of Chemistry, London, July 17-25.
established in Paris, with offices in Unesco House, to Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
International Congress of Experimental Cytology, Stock- (UNESCO) as a specialized agency responsible for taking
strengthen liaison between the two bodies. holm, July 1-17. such action as may be appropriate under its basic Instru-
Commissions International Congress of Microbiology, Copenhagen,
Thé Nationa ! National Commissions and Co-operating ment for the accomplishment of the purposes set fortli
As regards July 20-29. therein.
bodies, the Netherlands became the seventh nation to International Congress of Physiology, Oxford, July 22-25.
establish a Commission and plans are progressing for the VIIth. International Congress of Administrative ARTICLE Il"
création of Commissions in Canada, China, Denmark, New Sciences, Berne, Switzertand. July 22-30.
Zealand and TUlfkey. National Commissions, are function- International Symposium of (British> Societies of Ex- "..1'
"S. _I (}} {..... OF STj\TJ : NOT, MEM. llEIt--oF.. ; T- ! I}--
BiololQl. Oxfor. d July-28-29.- -
in Brazit, Errance. Haiti, NQrwax. poláz, (J... an1...... L11e perental
UNÏTED NATÏONS
ing. Wor1O G01iñCfCof Churches, Oslo, July..
United States.
National Co-operating Bodies for Education. Mass [nternational Union of Local Authorities, Paris, July 7-12. Applications submitted by States not Members or thb
Media. Muséums, Social Sciences, Arts and Libraries, and International Students Service, Aarhus, Denmark, July.
World F'ederation of Democratic Youth, Prague, July 20- United Nations for admission to the United Nations Edu-
an Inter-Departmental Committee, have been set up in the cational. Scientific and Cultufai Organization shall þe
United Kingdom in the place of a National Commission. Aügust 17.
International Federation of Documentation, Berne, immediately transmitted by the secretariat of the Organ-
Pians hâve been made for active association of National ization to the Economic and Social Council of the United
Commissions with the execution of the programme of August.
World Jewish Conférence. Geneva or Paris, August. Nations (hereinafter called the CounciJ). The Council
Unesco. Practical proposais are being worked outfor each may recommend the rejection of such applications and any
W. F.UN. A. Summer Schoo !, Geneva, August 3-10.
country. such recommendation shall be accepted by the Organiz-
A national conference on Unesco, art, which more. than World Organisation of thé Teachmg Profession
Glasgow, August 7-13. ation. If, within six months of the receitpt of an applica-
500 Voluntary Organisations were represented. was hetd at tion by thé. Council, no such recommendation has been
International Federakon of University Women, Toronto,
Philadelphia'March 24-26. under the auspices of the U.S. Na-
August 11-16. made, thé application shall be dealt with aceording to
tional Commission, and the first U.S. régional conference, Article II, Paragraph 2 of thé constitution of the Organ-
World Federation of United Nations Associations,
attended by 1,780 delegates and guests from the Rocky iza tion.
Marienbad, August 18.'
Mountain and Plains States. was held at Denver. Colorado, International Bureau of Boy Scouts, Château de Resny,
in. May. ARTICLE III
August 19-22.
Dr. Julian Huxley, the Director-General of Unesco, was International Union o Students, Paris. August 24-31. "
able to describe the work and importance of the Na- International BECÏFBOCAL RERESENTATION
Festival of Documentary Films, Edin-
tional Commissions, as well as report on the progrès of burgh, August 31-Sëptember 7.
Unesco, on his tour of ten Latin American countries during International Fédération of Youth Hostels, Blaricum, 1'-Représentatives of the United Nations shall be In*
June and early July. The Director-G'eneral had the op- Holland. September 1-5. vited to attend the meetings of thé Gênerai Conference of
portunity to présent his views on the officiai as well as the International Catholic Union of Social Service, Lucerne, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
academic and cultural levels, and as a result of the interet September 4-10. Organization and its committees, thé Executive Board and
shown in the Unesco programme, fuller participation of Scientific Films Association, Paris. September. its committees. and such gênerai, regional or other special
Latin American countries in thé forthcommg Gênerai Con- Friends'World Committee, Richmond, Indiana, Sept. 5-15. meetings as the Organization may convene, and to particip-
ference at Mexico City and in Unesco work generally is Associated Country Women of the Worid. Amsterdam. ate, without vote, in the deliberations of thèse bodies.
anticipated. September 8-13. 2-Representatives of the United Nations Educationaï,
$72,000,000 Raised International Council of Women, Philadelphia, Sept. 5-12. Scientific and Cultural Organization shall be in vited to,.
The campaign for reconstruction and rehabilitation of International Congress of the History of Science, attend meetings of the Economic and Social Council art
educational, scientific and cultural institutions in war- Lausanne, end of September. of its commissions and committees and to partil' ; pate,
devastated countries by Unesco and Co-operating gfoups is International Academic Union, Brussels, Sept. 20-30. nvithouc vote. in the deliberations'of these bodies <tlth re.
proceeding on a wide scale. The American Commission for World Young Women's Christian Association, China, spect to items on these agenda relating to educational,
International Educational Reconstruction (CIER). com- October. scientific and cultural matters.
prising 200 rational voluntary organizations, had raised United Jewish Educational and Cultural Organisation, of thé United Nations Educational,
3-Représentatives
$7, 000,000 for educational reconstruction by the end of PaMS Of. tnhfr 23-30. Scientific and Cultural Organization shall be invited ta
July and estimates contributions will have reached arouud attend meetings of thé Général Assembly of the United
$100,000,000 by June, 1948. Reports of Unesco field teams Nations for the purposes of consultation on educational,
. rho made surveys of needs in six European nations during Exécutive Board scientifie and cultural matters.
the Spring and Summer are being compiled now. Mean- 4-Representatives of the United Nations Educational,
time, questionnaires and letters have been sent to govern-
Scientific and Cultural Organization shall be invited to
ments, ministries of éducation and others in the potential attend meeting of the main committees of the General
recipient countries to ascertain exact needs. THIRD SESSION Assembly when educational, scientific or cultural mattera
There have been a number of contributions to the re-
habilitation programme and many others are in prospect. The Executive Board of Unesco convened in its third are under discussion, and to participate, without vote, in
such. discussions.
In the limitéd space available hère, not hall can be men- session July 24-29 to hear a report by the Director-General
tioned. but examples are 300 sets of the EncyCiopedia ou devetopment. s since its second meeting in April, to cor- 5-Représentatives of the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization shall be invited to
Britannica, most ot which have been distributed. 38000 sider the 1948, program and deal'with'administrative
post-liberation books from the French Government. 2.000 financial and personnel matters attend thé meetings of the Trusteeship Council of the
: United Nations and to participate, without vote, in the
tons of educational equipment from Canada. The Council The Board unanimously voted to recommeud to the
fo :' Education in World Citizenship has agreed to use the General Conference in Mexico City a budget not to exceed deliberations thereof. with respect to items on the agenda.
JE4, 000 unspent balance of a Æ : 13, 000 fund for educational $9.000,000. The 1947 budget was $6,000,000. relating to educational, scientific and cultural matters.
reconstruction in collaboration, with Unesco. Several members. of the Board, including Sir John 6-Written statements of the United Nations Educa-
A mission in London this Spring puorchased workshop Maud (U. K.) and Dr. Richard McKeon (U. S.A.), com- tional. Scientific and Cultural Organization shall be distri-
machinery and tools to be assembled in 50 complete work- mended the way the organisation had begun work on the by
buted
thé Secrétariat of the United Nations to all
shop sets for use in construction of their own apparats 1947 program. Members of the General Assembly, the Council and lts
and equipment by University science faculties and technical Members of the Executive Board who took part in this commissions, and the Trusteeship Council as approprias9 ;
colleges in devastated countries. meeting were :
Hytean Amazon Project Mr. Victor Dorme (Canada), Chairman ; Dr. Jan Opo- ARTICLE IV
.
Considerable progress has been made with the Hprlean cenBky (Czechoslovakia), M. Pierre Auger (France), Mr.
PROPOSAI OF AGENDA ITEMS
Amazon projet. This was raised to the status of a Unesco- Chen Yuan (China), Mr. Marian Falski (Poland), Mr. Gun-
wide project at the Al ? ril'meeting of the Executive Board, tekin (Turkey). Mr. Kruyt (iNetherlands), Sir John Maud
and Dr. Alfredo Metraux, the social anthropologist, was (United Kingdom), Mr. Photiades (Greece) i. Mr. Alf Bom- 6abject to such preliminary consultation as may be
loaned by the United Nations Economic and Social Counêl1 merfeit (Norway), M. Verniers (Belgium) ; the foUowing ; necessary, the United Nations Educational, Scientiflc and
are substitutingforregular members : Mlle. Allegria (Mex- Cultural Organisation shall include on thé agenda of the
to act as expert consultant to Uno.'Dr. Bernard Mish.-
kin'was named consultant on the educational aspects of eco), Dur. H. P.-el Diwanl (Egypt), Dean Richard McKeon Général Conférence or Executive Board items proposer il
thé projet. (U. S.A.), Mr. P. N. KirptU (India,), Dr. E. Marturet (Vene- lt by tire United Nations. Similarly, the Council Mid it
3, Coti. 1) zuela) ans Professor Osorio de Almeida (1iJraZil).' . (C : ont7, & fP ! Pf ! 96'). Col, ZJ,.-
. (CQnttntkå on Page .-
 ARTICLE VU l''
cluslÏication, salary scalea and, al-1-land ïinancial re ! ationships with '.. and ln partlcular agrees to infonn
ArREEMENT ASSI$TANCE lowances, revirement ; and pensionn thé United Natif. in order that thé Council before
TO THE SECURIT11 i'eíúlations any such agrée.
COUNCIL I,"igrt and ataff and d the administrative opérations of : ment i8 concluded.
rùles : with a vlew to securiI : g as United Nations and of the spé-'
(Continued ! rom Page 1) The United Nations Êducational much uniformity in these roatters ,s 5ctatized thé
agencies shaU be carrled ARTICLE XIX
TrusteeshiI
c (). nmissions and the Scientific and Cu ! tural Ofganiza as shall be found practicable ; out in the most efficient. and eco- LIAISON
""' (,, UD, cU shall include on theil tion agrees to co-operate. with tht (c) co-operate in the intercha"1ge nominal
","",. enda ltema Council in of personnel manner possible, and that 1-The United Nations and the
proposed by the GeD Economie and Social when désirable on a thc
-, eral (7onfereTlce and
maximum measure of co- United Nat1ol : \g Educational, Sciem-
or Executive Boarc furnishing such information temporary or permanent, basis,!, ordination and uniformity with re- ttiic and Cultural
: t ; ;,''the Organization,. 1 renderj, ng Organization
such assistance to thE making due provision for the reten-'aspect
to these O !) f'ra tions sha1l be 1 agree to the foregoing
Counci ! as that CounciJ provisions
Security of seniocity and pension rights ; eu. in the belief that they
V will contrai-
may request, including assistance in tiond) co-operate in thé establish- 2-Thé United Nations and the bute to the maintenance
, :.', ARTICLE
''pATIONS OF THI of the Secur- ment of ettec-r
carrying : : mt decisions and operation of suitable e United Nations Educational, Solen- tive liaison betwçen tbe two organ-
- ç''\, VNJftD NATIONS ity Counci ! for the maintenance machinery for the settlement off tific and Cultural Organization izations. They affirm their inten-
;'n1e...
<", United Educa- or restoration of international disputes arising in confection with 11 agree t. o co <lperat, e
Nations to the fullest tion of taking whatever turther
>""'Üa : l/-$c1entJfic peace and security. thé employment of personDf1 andj 1. ext. ent possible ln achleving these
and Culturai Or mea. sures may be necessary to
regard to thE ARTICLE IX related matters. particular, sha1l con- make this liaison fully effective.
tir: _'ItiOD, Ving 1 ends and, ln
XIV j suit together. concerning appro 2-The liaison arrangements pro-
, <"þbHgâti... he Umted NattOns te ASSISTANCE TO THE ARTICLE
)" :'rcmot.'objectives set forts in priate arrangements for the in- vided for in thé foregoing articles
TRUSTEESHtF COUNCtL STATISTICAL SERVICES
Charter and thc clusion of t. he budget of the Or- of this agreement shall apply as
, Udft liS pt
: fanctionatu ! the power of the Council The United Nations Educational, 1-Thé United Nations and thee ganization within a general budget far a. s appropriate to the relations
' : : : > Uncle. r ( !.. rticle Scientific and Cultural Organiza- United Nations Educationa !. Scien- - o. f thé United Nations. Such ar- between such branch
62 of the Charter, h : or regional
;":,' Û19lte or initiale studiss and report tion agrees to co-opefate with the tific and Cultural Organization z raugKtr. ents xhati be defined in 8 offices as may be established by
f.' : IPiÜh l'espect,, Ito international eco- Trusteeship Council in thé carry- agreement between the two organizations
agrée to strive for maximum co-- supplementary as weH lioii
' ;', "omic' cultural, educational ing out of its functions and in par- opération, the élimination of all1 thé two organisations. between their central machinery.
! ! !' ; 11 :"hiÍlth. related matters and tc ticular agrees that it will, to the undesirable dupiication between 3-Pending me conclusion of
,, greatest extent possible, render ARTICLE XX
c,"&cOmendations concernmg them, and the most efficient usesuch agreement, the foJlowing ar-
such assistance as the Trusteeship IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
h :.-J'. tpqt ; matters to the specialized of their technica) personnel ic their r rangement. wall govern budgetary
AGREEMENT
' :... : _ncies è : òncerned, and having re- Council may request in regard to respective collection. analysis, pub-- and financial relatioMhips be-
ai·d, also, to the responsibility of matters with. which the Organiza- lication and dissemination ot star- tween the United Nations and the The Secretary-General ans thé
Y"". the United. N&. tions, under Articles tion is concerned. tistical information.'l'hev agree 1 ! United Nations Educational, Scien- Director-General may enter into
i,' :,'68 an.. 63 of the Charter, to make to combine their efforts fo secure'tific and Cultural Organization : such supplementary arrangementll
'1...'" ARTICLE X
1 : :", J'eComment1ons for the co-ordina- the greatest possible usefuinfs and i (a) In t. he preparatoin of the for the implementation of th1&
ìí<... tion, of the policies and actlVltie. s or NON-SELF-GOVERNING utilization infolmation i budget of the United Nation. s Edu- agreement as may be found désir-
of statistical
'* sch 3peci&lized agencies, agrees to TERRITORIES and to minimi7 the burdens plaoea i cational, Scientific and Cultural able in the light of the operating
:' 4u.-ràngè for, the sUbmission, Thé United Nations Educational, and 1 Organization, the Organization experience of the two organisa.
jMassiNe. to'the as soon upon national govemmcnts
appropriate organ Scientific and Cultural Orgamza- other organizations from which t shall consult with the United Na- . ions.
'' () f uïè 0''ation, of ail formai tion agrees to co-operate with the such information may bc eonte4, , tions. ARTICLE XXI
' : ;'recomme : ons, which the United United Nations in giving effect to United Nations Educa- (b) The United Nations Educa- REVISION
Tations may Inake 2-Thé
to it. the principles and obligations set and Cuiturai Or-
r'2-0-'IbetTiilted Nations tionat. Scientific and Cultural Oc-tionai, Scientific This agreement shall be subject
Educa- forth in Chapter XI of the Charter ganization recognizes the United t ganization agrees to transmit itt)
to revision by agreement betweea
', tlomiI.'tific regard to matters affecting the United Na-
and Cultural Or- with Nations as the central agency for . proposed budget to the United Nations and the United
into con- the weil-being and devetopment of tions annually at thé same time as Nations Educational,
, ,. pnlzation aarees ta enter the coUection, analysis, publication. Scientitic and
the peoples of non-self-governing , such is transmitted to its Cultural
. >. suHt<. mWfClt the United Nations standardization and improvement 'members.budget Thé Gênerai Organization, M) d shaN be
up request with to such t. prrit. nris Assembly
- respect of statistics serving the general , shaH examine the budget not later th&n three yeara
;' :'. meadations, and in due ARTIr-LF. XI of international oran- or pro- 1after reviewed
the agreement ha. ! ; corne iDto
purposes budget of the'Organization
"J :, trse to repart to the United Na- izations. posed force.
REL. \. TIUN : S Wn'H'l'HII lNJ.'1I1t- izauons.
;' ;'\118 cm. the action taken by thee NATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 3-The United Nations ('ecogn ; ze"'it conceming
and may make recommendatioM tð
ARTICLE XXII
,,'anlzatiOl1 Or by its members to any item or items
1-The United Nation Educa- thé United Nations Educati<mal, ENTRY INTO FORCE
;. give. fffCt te such recommenda- 'contained therein.
tronal, Scientific and Cultural Or- Scientific and Cultural Organisa.
tions
; on 011 thé other resu) ts of ! (c) Représentatives of the United This agreement shall corne iD$ø
t'. theltì., OO8iden ti 011, ganization agrees to furnish any tion a. the appropria te agenc1 lor Nations Educational, Scientific and 1 force on its approval by the Gen-
,. 3-,. Øaited information which may be re- . the collection, analysis, publicatiol\ Cultural Organization shalt be en- eral Assembly of the United Ntt-
Nations Educa- - quested International Court standardization and improvement
by the , titlCii to partieipate. wtthom vote, tions and the General Cooferenee
'-, tionaI. S91eàtitic and Cultural Or- 'of Justice in pursuance of Article of statistics withinits spécial sphère in thé délibérations
,-l&DizátioD-. ! firms its of the Gênera of the United Nations EduetttOMt !.
intention orf 3. ol the Statute of the Court. without préjudice to the ligot of the Assembty
ti5lg in whatever ructher r or any committee there- Scientific and Cultural Organisa.
2-The General Assembly authof- United Nations to concern itselt of
Il !. uresmay be necessary to makee izes the United at all times when thé budget eut t. in
Nations Educa- with such staMsUM 80 fM-M they
z tional, Scientific
the Organization or generti ad-
;, t1 of the lictivitie. s o ! and Cultural Or- may be essentiel for its own pur- ministra ttve or financial questions Dr. Rosley'"TOtir
, &pecJa11lect', : 1tJencie. s and tho3e or z ganization to request advisory posez or for the improvement of affecting the Organisation are
effective. the International Court statistics throughout té world. Dr. Julian Huxley, Director- (-
,. UDi. &sIOns, 'opinions of under considération.
'.'.-- ;' it'agree, tG ptl.fully
l'ti- eral or Unesco, lett Paris 48
'of Justice on légal questions arM- 4-The Unied Nations shaH df !- i (d) Thé United Nations may
. te. ... t-o co-<&gt;perate with,
'ing. within the scope of its activ- velop administrative instrumenu undertake thé collection of contri- .lune for a montes tour by ait of
' body orbodie. s which the Coun- 'ities, other than questions eoceem- Latin America. The main object
and procedures through which ef- butions trou th06e members of
for the purpose ofz ing the mutua ! retationships of the fective statistical co-operation Educiona. 1, ( of
the trip was tosecure the fuU..
.q: 8ij-aìayeøtabJlsh
:'1aCiJitatilig. _h co-ordlnation ma,. the United Nations
and 1 Organization and the United Na- be secured between the United Na- Scientific est participation by countries of
and Cultural arþniza- :
'.""'to.. fUmisb., SIICh. information astions or other speciaHzed agencies. tions and the agencies brought into tion. which are also Members of the Central and South America in the
g may be rejtired for thé carrying 3-8such requests may be ad- relationship 'Second General Conférence 01
with it United Nations in accordant with.
:'f>t of tbä purpooe, to the Court by the General Unesco in Mexiço City.
dressed 5-It is recognized a. s desiraMe such arrangements as may tt de-
rif'.,.. h Conference Dr. Huxley was accompanied by
r...'ARTICLE VI or by the Executive that the collection of statistical in. fined by a later agreement oetween Dr.
Board acting in pursuance f an Samuel Ramons, repre8enting
:->....., formation should not be duplicated the United Nations and the (} gan- :
l, t,'x'CHANGE OF INFORMATION f authorizatidn by the Conference. the President of Mexico. Md by
by the United Nations or any of ization., two Latin-American members of
art DOCUMENTS 4-When requesting the Inter- (e) The UniM-o Nations ska ! 1, t
the specialized agencies, whenever it the Unesco Secretariat.
national Court of Justice to give ite initiative thé' The
1-6abjéct to such arrangements an is praticable for any of them to upon own or upun
advisory opinion, the United request of the United Nations Educa-1 itinerary'or the t included
,',, 88 ma)'De. essary for the safre-, Nations Educational, Scientific and
utilize information or materiaJs Or-' Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Oo-
IUlòrding of confidential ; na. : rial. which another may have avatiable. tional. Scientific and Cultural
Cultural Organization shall inform ganization. studies lombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chi1e, As
the fu1J'3t an"promptest exchang,' 6-In order to build up & central arrange for te 1
thé Economie and Brazii.
and documents su'. li
and Social Council
collection of statistical information be undertaken concerning other 8 fentina. Urutruay.
Cf infofnMtion between of the request. financial and fiscal questions of in-
be made thé Bni'. ed Na for genefai use, it is agreed that 1 Second General ConferelK'e}
tiens ans th United Natio. 1S Edu ARTICLE XII data supplied to the United Na- terest to the Organisation and te
catiónal. Scientific and Culturure J other specialized agencies. with a The Second General Conference
, Orguir, atiou. REGIONAL OFFICES tions Educational, Scientific and
view to thé provision of common of Unesco will be held in Mexico
Cultural Organization for incor-
Any regional or branch offices services and thé securing of uni-c City November 6 to December 3.
2-WHhout z prejudice to thé which thé poration in its basic statistical
United Nations Educa- formity in such mattes. Englift1, French and Spanish will
(ienera1lty of the provisions of Pa- series or special reports should, 50
tiona], ScientHic and Cultural Or- (f) Thé United Nations Educa-b be the working languages.
Mtrraph I : far as praticable. be made avait-
ganization may establish sali, 50 able tional. Scientific ansé Cultural Or- Address of the Unesco office
lia) the United Nations Edu'a- e to thc United Nations.
, far as practicable, be closely as- ganization agrees to conform, as iJ in Mexico City is : Oficina de
tM'na], Scjentif1c and Cult'l : ; \l 01'- sociated with ARTICLE XV far practicable, stand-T.
such régional or as may be to Unesco, Secretaria de Educacion,
man, z. at''''[1 agrees to transnrt M offices as the United Na. ard practicM and tof'ns recom-c
-, tt. United Nations teguiar repo-ts brunch AUMtNtSTRATtVE AND Calle Gonzales Obregon, Mexico,
tiens may establish. 'mendcd by the United Nations, [ D. F., Mexico. States Members
thé acttvitics of the Or ! : ;". 1 ; ; \'1' fECHN ! CAL SERVtCES
'. have been requested to send dup1i-
", n ; ARTICLE XIII 1-Thé United Nations and the ARTICLE XVII
cates
c of any correspondence to thé
'b'thé United Nations Educa- PERSONNEL ARRANGEMENTS United Nattons Educational, Scien- UNANCtNG 01<'SPECIAL ( General Conference Section in
"t1ollal :', ; ; cientlflc and Cu]t'ral 0'- 1-The United Nations and the tific and Cultural Organization re- SERVICE Paris, dealing with participation
p in
\'ganizatllm agrees to eo'Tto ! y to the United Nations Educational, Scien- cognize the desifabUity, in thé in-
1-In the evel1l of t"' United t] the Conférence, to the Mt'xicO'ad-
! ul ! est eX'bant practicable', ah terest of administrative and tech-
any tific and Cultural Organization re- Nations Educational. Scientific and d dress and 50 sperity on thé cor-
uql1et w the United Naicns cognize that the eventual devejop- nical uniformity and of the most Cultural Organisation being faced respondence. 1'1
"Jntiy malte for the fumi. sing of ment of a single unified interna- efficient use of personnel and re- with the
necessity of incurring sub- The Conference will be held in
;; aJX ; dal reporta, studies or inform- tional civil service is desirable from sources, of avoiding, whenevef pos- stantial the new Normal High School, about
t]
extra expcnse as a result
,. atl"\11 8ubject ta the conditions set the standpoint of effective ad- sib) e. thé establishment and opéra-
of any request which the United 2, 20 minutes from the tp ccnter of the
't, ortn in Article XVII ; ministrative co-ordination, and tion of competitive or overlapping
1/ (C, the 8ecI'etary-General shaH. Nations may make for special re-c riz' :
with this end in view agree to de- facilités and services among the
. ports, studios or assistance in -
"jupon, req1l88t. consult velop common personnel standards, : United Nations and the special-
with the cordance with Articles VII, VI1I. DI> ( ; in S,'ulldinuviu
: I>Jrector. (lla. eral regarding the methods and arrangements design- ized agencies. IX, or with other provisions of
ed to avoid serions discrepancies in 2-Accordingiy, the United Na- or Early in July. Ml', Walter H, C.
., J) ro\ll&c>ntð'tohe United Nations this agreement, consuJtation shalI
, Jtc ! ùèatiimal. 8cientHic and Cultural terms and conditions of employ- tions and the United Nations Edu- take place vit h a view to doter- Laves
made officiai visita to Dtn-
pro'. iUJ1zàt1on' of ment, to avoid competition : n re- cational, Scientific and Cultural manner markandNotwa. y. Hemetwith
?, such information mining the most equitable
ttM&y ite. pf tpecia) interest to the cruitment of personnel, and to fa- Organisation agree to consult to- b/l' mejnbcrs of the governm {, 1Jt and
in whioh surh !'xpf'nse shah
cilitate interchange of personnel in gether concerning the establish-
borné
with
w the Nol'weiian Unesc () Com-
order to obtain the maximum bene- ment and use of common'ad- mission. In addit-ion. many mt't'
. ."&zati' .'Ì>'. AR : nCLE VII fit from their services. ministrative and technical services 2-Consuitauon tx'twfen thé of voluntary groups and indivi-
United Nations and thé United Na-" ings
l'tJBUO'FORMATION 2-The United Nations and the and facilities in addition to those
tions Educational, Scientific and'' ùuals wel'e al'ranied for discussIOn
United Nations Educational, Solen- referred to in Articles XIII, XIV
shah simi-" of ways
by which the ends set forth
shaving regard to the functions Cultura) and XVI, in so far as the estaMi. sh-
Cultural Organization
tific and Organization larly take place with a view to in ln Unc. sco's cons ('itut, ion can be f\lr-
Of'he United Nations Educational, ment and use of such services May
agree to co-operate to the fullest making. such arrangements as'nay *"
thered throuih national t'rrorll ;,
Bcit'llUfic and Cultural Organiza- entent possible in achleving these from time to time be found prac- be found equitab) e for covering thé la both e'ovcrnmcntai and Drivat. t'.
Uon. aa defined in Article I, Pa- ends and in particular thfy agrce ticable and appropriate.
ranraphs 2 (a) and (c) or Ill ! of
cosyscentra) administrative.
con- to : 3-Arrangements sha) t be made L.. S. Rf'ion81-Mt. t'linlC
etitution. to co)) aborate in thé technica ! or fiscal services or
(a) consult together concernlng between the United Nations and
Mork of advancing facihtifs or other specia) assistance Sponsored by the U. S, National
the mutusl the establishment, of an Interna- the United Nations Educatlonal,
kn', wlcdge and understanding Organiza-1 provided by the United Nations. Commission
C. a thre-day JùoJional
of tional Civil Service Commission to Scientific and Cultural
peuples through an means of mata, advisf on thé tlon in regard ARTICLE XVIII C, Conference on Unesco waa ht'M) tt
means by whlch coin, t () the reglstratlon
communication, and with a view to 1 mon standards of recrultment in and depOSìt of officiai documents. INTI< : R-AGI< : Cl' AGRI< ; I<:MI<:NITS bt-nver, b Colorado. in May.'l'he
eo- (, rdinatlng the actlvitle8 of the the sl'cretarillts of the Unltd Conférence
Cri : was atlendt'd by nearJ, y
Na- ARTICLE XVI The United Nations Educationa). 21000 reprcsentative8 of national
2,
Orj ! anlzatlon in this field with the t tions and o ! the eia1l7, cd agfncle8 1
Scifntiftc and Cultural Organisa-
qJl'raLlon. ø of the information BfDCKTAKT AND FIN ANnAL 1 QrganizaUons from pij {ht statue ijt
set-1 may be ensured : tien agrces to Jnlorm'he CounciJ t thc Mountaln-Plilll1l1 l't'Ilion.
vicies of the United NattoM. a sub- (b) consult togcther ARRANGEMENTS C
conccrnlng out thc nature and *icope of any
IIldlary agreement regarding these other matière rrtatin) ! the
to em- !-The United Nattona Educa- formai agrément bftween the
matteM ehaj) be conctuded as 50011 1plo. vmrnL of-thl'ir oHlcers and tiona). 8cientific Libéria 3Jn) MrmlH'r.
and Cultural Or- OrllanlzatlolJ and any other spe-
as possible aster the coming intc staff, inchjding conditions of fer- ganizaUon recognizes the dt'slmbJ !. ( Ctniizfd agl'nl'Y. 1I1tt'r-govt'rnml'ntlll IJ1JE'flR. hU8 bl'come I. he. 1Ii
toi. of the pfeef'nt arfffD1t'11t. 1 vice, durat. loJl Of appolntmenta, its cl eatabll8hlnJ clOle bud. etar} 1 t or non-ifOvernme-nta1 olll.. niza. t. loD, m mber of UnNCO.
 quested at the International Tele
communications - survey and fiU Ubrary needa on an Unesco Fa ; ces Two W orlds
NEWSLE1TER Union conferenci international Mate.
held at Atlanttc City. At thé éon - Four Intecnatlonal YouhSer, vjce
ference of Experts on Passports an<i Camps are being opened in Europe "
(Continued Irom Page 1)
Frontier Formatities, Geneva in which is Unescq : associated in (ÉJ ? TOR'S NOTÌi :" T following isfábOndensation ol'n article 1
Dr. Patno Carneiro, the BraziliaI Unesco solicited , written'by Byron Dexter, the assistant edi, tor of Foniip ; n Affairs,
greater facilité ; s sponsorship.
member of the Executive Board for the unrestricted movement 0r Grants-in-Aid in the April issue of that American quarterly review"1t is'not given
teft for South America, May 15, t<persons engaged in educational To date Unesco has made avail- herse as an officiai representation of Unesco. but as a rather
scientific. cuiturat and mass corn - able $55. 465 in grants-in-aid. which brilliantlll-presented vielV of Unesco as seen tram the outside.)
act as special consultant to Unesc< munieations. work. Special facilitating attendance
thi the préparation Hylear con - are of
of the with respect to quotas scientists at international scientific y BYRON DEXTER
sideration
Amazon SclenölUcCommlssion, witt customs, tariffs and freight charge : ,; conferences scheduled this'year. .body
affecting THE new. inte) national which is known for convenience as
'which much of thé work of Unesc< proposed information material wa :; Aid to international scientific and Unesco is a product of the widespread belief thyt ; y to he' : j 1
at the International Tradc technological organisations is one
Field Science. Co-operation Offi Conférence degree that there i-s a world community will world law be praticable"
in Geneva. of the main pillars of the pro- and
in Latin Amenca. wiM, for the près- Delegates from 19 government : s gramme of Unesco in the field of a world poHtical organization be effective. It is the instrument
have been invited to attend a con natural devised to help buHd that community by working direCHy to mould
ent, be concerned. The Commis. . sciences. Of these organ-
Mon, which the'Brazilian govern.
ference on August 4, to consider thl ; isations, thé-best-established and men's ideas. But in addressing itself to that apparently beneficent task,
advisability and feasibility of B most effectively integrated is the
it find. s-perhaps a litUe to its surprise-that it is dealihg with some
ment has been asked to convoke world radio network . of the most explosive political issues now confronting statesmen and
and Unesco' :s International Council of Scientific
wi ! ! consist of representatives of ter participation in any form of U. N Unions (1CSU) and the bodies people.
, The first General Conference of the United Nations Educational,
countries of the area, together with world broadcasting system. which it federates. Unesco has al-
Scientific and Cultural Organization
Types of programmes suitabie fOI 'located provisionaHy about $250, 000 (to Rive it its full name) was hetd.
representatives of the United Na. in Paris in November and December
international use, either by inter ion grants-in-aid to some twentyc--- of last year and was attended by
tions, Unesco and certain other change bet, ween existlng nationa' l organizations affiliated ICSU. rj delegates
.-.. of the 44 member states.
to
U. N. spécialiser agencies (WHO radio organisations _ H selected four major, immédiate made certain that the task of intel-
or emanatin : This is intended to permit execu- .e
objectives : 1) Rehabilitation off lectual co-operation would be re-
FAO, ILO) and other bodies such a1 from Unesco, are being examined. tion of some 140 specific projects,; S,
travel 50000 shattered cultural and educational d sumed with new strength and con-
thé Pan-American Union, and thE For Exchaoge of Films including the of over
outstanding scientists to 60 im-
centers ; 2) Reduction of illiteracy ' ;; viction at the end of the second
Pan-.. American SanitaryCommission, The United Nations Film Board Revision of textbooks. and 4)) World War. Hitler paid the intel-
portant international conferences,'s 3)
The meeting is to take place of which Unesco is a founder mes, ,- publication of around 80 reports of
i Removal of barriers to world com-1-lectuals of Europe a fine complu-
August at Belem do Para ber, has held >Awomeetings at Lakl 'international importance and as- and extension of thee ment : he recognized them as his
ionand munications of the"mass media,"It alsoo primary enemies. He and Goeb-
its recommendations as to the Success. The Board was estab distance to the rehabilitation and nid use
establishment of an institute, the lished to co-ordinate the film activ- 'opérations g_ adopted a budget of $6, 000,000 forr bets saw clearly that teachers.
of 30 intocnational la-
undertaking of eollaborativE ities of the United Nations, Unesco boratories, bureaux and stockrooms. lS. the first year. elected a Director- '-scientistes, men of letters-"intellec-
scientific work and other activities and the other Specialised Agencies , To date allocations have been n General to serve a two-year termn tuais"or"professional men,"which-
in the region will be brought to thé and to stimulate the production made to the following to
to (an English scholar. Julian Hux-[-ever label one prefers-first had to
, groups,
General Conference at Mexico City. distribution and use of films anc 1 make it possible for specified, {) ley). located its permanent head-t-be exterminated in the conquered
While the décision a. wait the Con- other visual media for the purpose ! 'scientistes to attend thirty-eight 1t quarters in Paris and chose Mexico o nations before the New Order could
ference, it can be said that the of the United Nations and the international meetings this year : City as the site of the 1947 general ici become a political possibi ! ity. Thé
gênerai plan is one of research and Specialised Agencies. The. other International Council of Scienti-:i- conference. By agreement with thee intellectuals of Europe went under-
survey in two broad fiels-naturel agencies represented at the met, fic Unions. International Union for) r Economic and Social Council off ground. and when those who lived
resources of thé area, and op- ings were : the Food and Agricul- Pure and Applied Physics, Interna- 11.-thé United Nations, it is officially y finally emerged. it turned out, of-
portunitiee for human development. ture Organisation ; World Hea1th
tional Physiological Congress Com-11-a specialized agency ouf the United d ten enough, that they were the poli
With the arrivai of Dr. W. E. Organisation ; Iniernational Bank mittee, International Society of Nations, under Articles 57 and 63 ofIf tical leadel's of their coun tries.
z
PumelL (lndusttial chemist, Aus- for Reconstruction and Develop- Microbiology, International Acade-g. thé Charter. And in the United d That new morale among profea-
tra) Mt). on April 30, to be counsel- ment ; the International Monetary a National Commission too 1 sional men, and the clearer under-
my and Union of the History of
) f states,
lor for Field Operations, it was Stabilisation Fund, and the Pré Science, International Congress for) r supply a propulsive force in itss standing of the political power in-
possible to begin setting up the paratory Commission of the Inter- Expérimental Cytology, Internatio- 0-wor in this country has beenn herent in cultural affairs. account
system of field liaison offices. Mr. national Refugee Organisation. nal Union of Scientific Radio.o formed by act of Congress. Thee for no lite of the drive and con-
E. J. H. Corner (tropical botanist, Pians hâve been approved for International Union of Biological 11. new agency is a going concern. fidence that hâve brought Unesco
1
U K.) had already gone to South joint action in the production 01 Sciences, and International Union ClearÎnc-liouse Rile into being.
i
America as Principal Field Scienti- films by the United Ntions De- The first rote of the new organ-
partment of Public ofSeholarshlps
1 Chemistry. aDei Fell_lIbips Pestwar Trend Reflceted
fine Officer and Dr. B. Malamos Information. ization is the relatively non-oontro-
(parasitologist, Greece) left constitution of this spécial-
as and fo" : the colleCtion and inter- versial one of acting as a clearing- thé
Field Scientific Officer Unesco is associated in thé spon-:).-bourse, particularly - ized agency is an interesting docu-
on May 2. national exchange between member in regard to the
Dr. L. C. M. Thuriaux (Agricul- nations of information about soring of a number of schola...", i1ip. >.>> projects of educators. ment It reflects the great politicai
As outlined
tural chemist. Belgium) ha. s gone fi including the preparation of and telJowships, bath ne. wir. d.. Id. in trend of thé postwar years, and
Uneeco's constitution, it may'reflets
to Cairo to establish the Field international) ists of films in the Included in these are ten filmici be described it in just about the propor-
more or tess as an ex-tions seems
Science Co-operation office for thé fields of international understand- scholarships by the Britieh FilmIII tension of the role that it to assume in
of the old Inter- 1
Middle East. A third Fie ! d Science ing and health. agl'icu1ture, in- Producers Association and fiverational the thoughts of men and m thé
Institute of Intellectual
for the Far dustrial welfare, and fundamental press scholarships b}'British nf'WS- S-Co-operation events of the day. Thé constitu-
Co-operative Office, of the League of Na-tion
East, witi be located in China under education. Unesco's ilpecial activ- papers. 1 tuions. A project is expticitty an arrangement'
for an exehange
the direction of Dr. F. Cernuschi. ities relating to the technical needs Fellowships hâve oeen offered by y I of student feHowshipe. which might among sovereign states. And il &
Teams from the Technical Needs cf the war-devastated countries. and the Rotary International, the Amer-r-I expre. s&ed in bilateral something more. Vaguely, ambi-
agree-- guously,
Commission have conducted wide- fellowships for the training of film ican Chemical Society, the Belg ;. an . 1ments between states, is an exam- yet with unmistakable in-
spread surveys in Europe, Asia and personnel to the Government, the French Ministry - tent and with the stirrmgs of power,
were reported 'pte of activités of this sort.
the Philippines and ait will have Board. Thé executive work of the of Education and the Britisn Min- it reaches for an ordering of indt-
Thé second role is new, unde- vidua ! s
returned in July, 50 that their re- Board on behaif of the members is istry of Education. Mr John Mar- to individuals within 8
fined. challenging, and dangerous. world organization
ports on requirements of press, being done by the film staff'Jf the shall, of the RockefeIIer Founda- . Thé door) s in which nu.
opened for it in1
radio and communications in the United Nations, under the direction :on, has been on loan to Unesco to because it leads to the
tional governments are secondary.
countries they have visited will be of M. Jean Benoit-Levy, and the assise in planning the organization Unesco
of the complex forces which
ThiSt perhaps, is why Henri Bon-
film staff heart net has eaUed Unesco"the
in and processed for the meeting of Unesco, under the of the fellowship programme. hope of these postr head of thé spear-
1 der.
of experts in Paris August 25-30, direction of Mr. William Farr Howard E.. Wilson, of therepresent thé United Nations."The
Unesco war years. as well as their dangers. . opening and closing phrases of thé
Questionnaires employed Dy Fundamental Education Carnegie endowment, previously
1 is the role which has been weil
thèse fieid teams contained ques- staff is building up a center in Deputy Executive Secretary ofy le
by Messrs. White and i
Preamble are typical :
tions on such subjects as quotas. Paris, through whieh information Unesco's Preparatory Commission. suggested
Leigh in the title of a book :"Peo- The governments of the
tariffs, currency restrictions and and ideas are beginning to be came to Paris this month to act ass
p1es Speaking to Peoples."It is 5 States parties to the constit. u-
censorship. with the view not Gnly received from and ra<jiated to gov- director of Unesco's Seminar on tion declare... That a peace
of ascertaining the technical ! needs ernments. organizations and indiv- éducation in international under-thé vividone-worid idea.imaginations
particularty of Amer- based exclusively upon the poli--
in the
in mass communications of coun- iduals engaged in campaigns and standing, Nearly one hundred pro-iwans and heralded by the new tincal and économic a. rrange-
tries which have suffered in the enterprises of mass education and minent educationists. sent bytechnical
devices which can be de- ments of governments would
but also of obtaining inform- social improvement throughout thirty member states to exchange
,war, scribed soberly enough as introduc- not be a peaee which eould
avion which might lead to removal the world. Fundamental Education ideas and techniques in teaching ing changes in communication t secure thé unanimous. iastinz
of obstacle to the free flow of in- is especially and immediately con- for international understanding.
'comparable in importance to those and sincere support of the peo-
formation. Almost 60 per cent of cerned with ess advanced com- were to attend this meeting, from effected
five centuries ago by the 'pies of the world, and that thé
the questions concerned free flow l, munities or groups where poverty. Ju). \- 21 to August 30, at Sèvres.
of movable type. As part peace must therefore be found-
of information. There were 167 dises. and ignorance are a barrier ! Personne) of the Arts and Levers sinvention
of this second function, the new ed, if it is not to fait. upon the
questions deaiing with) egis) ation of to human pro2ress and interna- section were named to act a.' sagency ha. s the task of promoting intellectuel and moral colidarity
thé press and news agencies in- tional understanding. : secrétariat for the interuaonal of mankind.
cluding queries on such subjects Among the initial undei'Lakn. gs 'conférence theatre experts
'thé use of the mass media in order
of at
to induce the greatest possible de- "Governments of Sta ! es" is writ
as responsibihty for prpss offences, are Pilot Projectes in backward Unesco House, Ju) y 28-Augu. st 1.
where Unesco's consultants under thé . grée of understanding among the 'large : and so is"mankind."Be-
liber iaws. banned publication, areas chairmanship of Mr.
mes and women of the world. tween stretches area
a vast to be
Ja. ws controlling the administrative 1 are co-operating with local teams B. PriesHey. for the purpose of activities in l given meaning.
of the J: considering the loundation.) f a,) Though numerous
and financial operation of the 1of expert. s in the application khis category would be implemented 1 A few places in which the inter-
press. foreign correspondents and : latest techniques of Fundamental International Theatre InsUtute.
thé position of governments 1 ! 1 con- Education, drawing by agreements between states for ptay of the two approaches to world
on the expe- A meeting of experts assembled j
rience of all sections of the Unesco wtfich Unesco wouid act as ctear- organization is especially visible
troiiing thé. press. Thé same gen-j by the Arts and Letters section of f
j ing house. they obviously also im- be noted. The General Con-
eral line of enquiry,. with necessR"Y Secrétariat and reporting progress Unesco here in May recommended may
a different type of international ference is composed of the"l'l'pre-
technica) différences, was pursucd' to ai) nations and groups concerned : hat Unesco continue the inquiry pty
distinguished by its ten- sentatives of the States Membera
in thé fietd of radio and filmes. in the campaign. Plans 101'the 1 undertaken before the war by the'action,
Pilot Projects in China and Haiti International dency to disregard the formai divi- of the Organization,"but it may in-
Institute of Intellec- ;
For Frite Ftow « f tnformation well advanced. Discussions sions of states and to cut across vite représentatives of international
are tua) Co-operation on Folk Arts, the
with the British Colonial Office are Jiving pxpression national boundaries. Thé proposai organizations-that is to say. indi-
It is the ;flet t time in hblory of a country's cul-for
t. hat a widespread this weU advaneed the establish- a global network. to be operated viduals-to attend specified ces-
survt'y of on ture.
is an example. sions of the Conference
ment of Pilot new agency as ob8er-
sort,, under international supcrvi- a Project in British A fulh-prepared scheme for a sa-by thé
of
sion ion and control, has been under- Africa and the f'ventua) co-opera- tisfactory survey The Great Paradox vers. The General Conference
of the conditions off
tion of Unesco in the large-scalpe artists Unesco's second major proMem.. sovereign-state deiegates is the
taken, and the massive documenta- and the arts in seJectedj
tion gathered contains information East Afl'lcan"Groundnut. s" Df've- can be put in formai seat of power in the agency ;
areas of the world will be pre- and gréât paradox.
The U. S. S. R. ab- it détermines policies, take ! l dec1-
of considérable interest and value. ) f) pmcnt scheme sented to the Mexico Conference, a few sentences.
t sented itself from the general ! con- sions on programs drawn up by
The information will aid) n thé A conférence of eXI) ('rt on lan- with a view tao ils implemenr. ttion
drawing prob1ems in Fundament.. al ference at Parla. But it was gen- the Executive Board, and appoints
up of practical plans for guage in 1948.
diminishing thé économie, technical Education veld eratly accepted that the U. S. S. R. the Director-General. This is or-
was at Unesco The calendar of Unesco confer-'
and othf't'barI'ier through a thodox
1 procedure. But from thla
to the farce slow Hou ear)
in jury ences and activities on the flrst 1made ; Jugoslav its views known
observer at the conter-1 body to the Executive Board and
of information. Two regional study conferences page of this issue is an indicat'>r of.
turned Secrétariat-thé instrumente
Unesco has made repn'sl'ntations will be held, at Nanking in Septem- where and how the programme is ence ; and that spokesman : next
at severa) conférences of would- [jer. and Mexico City in November. being {implemented at this : la te 1 inside out the premlse upon which of 1 power-is a good-sized jump. The
Unesco, Unesco 18 founded, namely. that 1 Executive Board of 18 is whoHyy.
I\IJlde organisations deaiing, wlth the zut which experts in Fundamental The 19411 programme of
technica) facitities required for the Education from the Far East and prepared for the General Con-1'thé free new of ideas among men 1 board of indiY ! duals--"per80l14 com-
free slow of information. Thesc lue Amerlcas wu meet. Executive Board in a primary ideal. The depth oft petent in the arts, the humanitiea,
ference by the
inciuded that séparâtes Communist) the sciences, education and the dif-
the Congre8B of the Uni- Thé Engttsh version of Funda- this month. wil ! be published tonthé gutf
vI'rSllI Postal Union in Paria, at nental ! Education-Common of the Monitor. aJ ;) d"western"vlews of free speech, fusion j of ides and qualified by
the I) t Issue aiready
whioh Unesco rf' ('ommended supprps- nUluber3 1; very plain, wM suddenly their
t expérience and capaclty to
3round f< A)) Peoptea (Report of The Secrétariat now
tion of extra charges for airma)) 80clan committee to the Prepara- including loaned peon-1 a ccentuated. The QuestIon la, can J fulfill the administrative M) d exe-
1 495, not
of n ('wspaperll. perlodlcalø and pub- tory CommÌl ! slon)-hu been pub- ne). from 31 nationa. Dr. Julien t thé eutf be bridged ? In attemptr ( cutive duties of the Board." (Artt-
lications, sought lower postage ing to bridge it, may not Unesco 1 cte V Section 2). It 1& to be
rates li9hcd and the French and Amer- Huxley (United Klngdom) II ! DI-1
with regard to diveraity fil
8enf'rally for information materlal 1 'an éditions will be oust soon. rector-OeneraI ; Mr. Walter H C. (eut the world more sharp ! y tnto two formed J
Deputy Dit communtties... ? cultuel
( and"a balanced tjectrt-
and lower chargea on transport and More than 250 replies have been Lavée (United States)
dÚltrlbutlon Jean Tho- If It was Hitler who gave the phicttt 1 distribution" ; but hferarchlel
of newtpapfr* and received to date to 4. 843 quesUon- rector-úneraJ ; professor
Jna8azineø. PrioriUM and lower alrE'l1 ! 8pnt to IIbrarlea ln ABtiatant Dlrector-1 League ite death blow, it WM Hit-< of Powers and the famlliar devSeel'
more mesa (France)
ratels ior t. be press. ere r !. han fO count. r1ea iD t. he proJect GeneraL ]1er who, in Mt-handed ïMhton. (Continuel ! on PAfl8... CGt Il
 T1-""'Iç : -, : <'.. 1 ! o

181strelun ? Th) a iswhat

and UbrarieB, co-ord1natlng the work Are the Mveretgn A aecond
strates the Lud- point. of référence more than 0111'
which will attempt to break that Russia seems wUling to parti- country (quite apart from thé grog
TWO WORLDS of other agenctes, publ1clzlng the ditea
campalgn'and raising funds. (The the machines ? c1pate in certain activities-those of Stav nations) genuinety fears.
$100,000,000 is riamed as the presumably of the"clearing h To phrase the question of ta,
, (Continuee ! from Page 3) 1 sum of Thé Proposât !
goal.) kind--and that it 1s to the attRtn- U. S.S. R. and Unesco merely in
to matntain them are consptcuousiy How deeply American commer-
The campaign to make available tage of everyone tha. . IIoutd terms of whether and when Russla
unprovided for. Vote is by ma- cial and political interests are in- do
minimum degree of education to so. The ne< :'^., ,".'"r maklng . will jOin ia to miss what would
jorlty ;save when international con- a volved need not be underscored. It nd practical seem to be the most important point
ail the people of the world-about such projects f'.'..
ventions, e.g., a copyright conven-I was at the behëst of Americans that is obvious-as of of ait. The fact is that a wor\
hall of whom can now neither read the is thé possibUity
tion, are to be submitted to statues. London Conference of 1945 over-extension of efforts.
write-is'a long-term project, platform has been et up, and th.
is nor adopted the résolution instructing
1vhen a two-thirds majority re- to be initiated by a survey by the corollary fact is that Russia is on
An Unavoidabte Function
quired. Article V, Section 2 spells staff of the the Preparatory Commission to give this platform now, addressinj : thé
agency in collaboration special attention to Uneseo's work third fixed point is that, in
out the idea :"The members of the The world. Whether
with experts from ail countries. or not she is for-
Executive Board shall exercise the in the field of mass commu- Soviet : eyes. thé future of Unesco member
The envisages eùucation i mally a state of tht
program equally dépend. what is done in the
delegated to them by the nications. But it is ap- on
powers for adults in such fields as agricul- agency, she will certainly continue
communications. It
General Conference on behalf of ture and public health, parent that this technologieal iield of mass
as well as revolution already touches the in- is helpfuf to be told this so plainly. to do so. And with great shrewd-
the Conference as a whole and not instruction for young and old in ness in perceiving openings. she will
as representatives of their respect- thé rudiments terests of every nation in the \world. Shouid thé"western"answer, then.
of reading and writ- deliver her own message. She will
ive Governt : l ?-ents." Unesco's The report of the Program Com- be to drop those activities, to put intelligent things, as Mr.
ing. This should be one of organisation by them- say many
mittee, adopted at Paris, propos5 : them in an
The Real Leverage of Power Ribnikar's speech at Paris shows.
gréât projeets. 1) The eventual establishment of a selves, or to go ahcad with them
The Secretariat is wholly non- The message will likewise be ruth-
The project for the world-wide world-wide network for radio --and if the latter, th !'n. on what
governmental. This follows United lessly propagandist. Mr. Ribnikar's
revision of textbooks is more con- broadcasting and and terms ?
Nations precedent ; but the Director- troversial. It calls for a clearing rec. eption, demand, for example, that Unesco
General of this agency is perhaps an immediate study of the question 1 To drop the mass communica- take active measures to suppress
house for the collection of in- with
more explicitly endowed with power a view to submitting a prac- tions activitieswould be for Unesco. "any attempt to provoke suspicion
formation on the subject, in- ticable plan to the next General and for the United Nations, to and hatred between thé peoptes,"
than is his prototype, the Secretary- cluding copies of school books
Conference ; 2) a survey of the turn their backs of the coming
General ; he is succinctiy instructed most commonly used, the for- on one as it did after a demand
to"formulate proposais for appro- press, the film and the whole range greatest.. potentially most useful for strict observance of thé ruies of
mulation of a code of ethics for of telecommunications and postal
and and dangerous centers of
priate action by the Conference most the constitution, and after an at-
writers of textbooks, and a world- services, to eliminate inadequacies
he or the force in the modern world. It would on thé
the Board."Whether would focus tack centralization OIf
wide conference which and needed expansion ;
Executive Board will be the power encourage renunciation of a world Unesco's activities which Ione
attention on the subject. The ef- 3) the establishment mean thé 1.
of an inter-
behind the throne remains to be mission for the agency and its pa- might give the agency power, made
fort would presumably be imple- national radio forum and a world, rent body. Since the forces of the little
seen. The real leverage of Unesco mented by bilateral agreements sense. But it was skillful
university of the air,. by whioh
In whatever it does must be the mass média are so unmistakably propaganda, enabling the speaker
Unesco will,
the between states. more- (within the framework of existing both international superna-
of public opinion, and and to take the offensive, and to at-
power over,"cali to the attention of the facilities) subjects of international
two requirements for the effective tional in character, an attempt to tach the epithet Fascist to"the free
member nations any misuse of the interest be discussed, and 4)
application of that force are expert- facilitiesof teaching which it con- can harness and use them is an un- flow of ideas"-a nimble feat
attention to "what might be called negative or avoidable function of a world indeed. How
ness and unremitting siders dangerous to the peace." effectively so negative
which curative proposais for the removal
the business in hand-virtues agency which pretends to concern a propaganda will appeai to men'a
of barriers obstructing the flow of itself with the forces which make
the Director-General and his staff The Explosive Element imaginations in the longer run Ls
project in its communication."The report of for war and peace.
At Paris,
are designed to embody. The fourth major
had
another matter.
of bar- the Sub-Committee recom- been somme
however, the term of the first program-the elimination There has, however, Whose nIul : print' ?
informai mended, in regard to this"curative" evidence of temptation
Director-General was, by riers to world communications and a among
that the Russia does not doubt that a
aspect of the program, specialists to
agreement, limited to two years in- the extension of the use of the différent groups of is desirable and
deal with copyright restric- putting . world community
stead of the six prescribed by the mass media-lies in the new, broad agency play with the thought of
but she has her own
constitution, and it was specified category of"peoples speaking to tions, with the cost of cable
and these mass-media activities in a necessary,
blueprint of the nature of that com-
communication, and"with
that ail appointments by the Di- peoples."Inherent in every action wireless sCiparate organization. The Com-
munity. That, and not the shade
restrictions on the flow of in- mittee of Consultants
rector-General must be approved by to be taken by Unesco is the pos- all to the De-
of meaning of such words as"im-
formation and ideas across inter- partment of State, in its report of
the Executive Board. sibility of appealing to world opi- pose,"or of"matters essentially
what national boundaries, and with the September, 1946, insisted that, i:
In any event, much of nion to achieve the desired ends.
of in- within a nation's jurisdiction"and
matter suppression and distortion the mass-media work were rele-
Unesco does, and no But though that explosive element
and ideas by any in- gated so forth, is the substance of the
whether it be done through indi- is present to some degree in ail formation to an inferior position, it issue between Russia and the
fluence." non-
vidual states, or through individual the plans of the new agency, it is should be withdrawn from Unesco
Communist world, here as eise-
will be done by for
proposai. In a final comment on the pro- and body which was ex-
men and women, eoncentrated in the a new where. Nothing is gained by pre-
gram, the chairman of the Program clusively concerned with it should
an appeal to the mind of the com- action in the field of communica- tending that this is not the case.
Committee emphasized the two be set The committee could
munity. The agency is enjoined tions. The question of a global up. We remind ourselves alitain
which, as we hardly may
by its member states from"lnter- network, by which the people of strands of thought have considered thé im-
everywhere that there are many"clearing
have seen, interweave plications of its suggestion. No-
vening in matters which are es- all the world would be addressed
the pro- thing could so easily put this whole house"activities in which the
constitution and
sentially within their domestic at one signal from a world center, in the U. S.S.R. can participate her
of the Without the bar- to
jurisdiction."But the General Con- is merely one of the controversial gram agency. question of breaking down of
the member own and Unesco's advantage ; b'. ;t
ference can summon international issues which focus upon this part collaboration of na- riers to the use of the mass meùia
nothing, he into terms it may properly be emphasized also
education, the it tions, Unesco can do of the United States
on on of the program. Even were re- larger aim of
conférences time, he that thé agency's
sciences and humanities and (a moved, there would remain the in- concluded ;,yet at the same versus the world, as would such a bringing
these are"proposais peoples more closely in
pointed out, It is the United States
broad phrase) on"the dissemina- sistent problems of thé commercial course. touch with peoples is repugnant
advanced for action by the peoples which is asking new arrangements,
tion of knowledge."It can submit and cultural use of the new devices to the Soviet Union, and that she
of the worid." privileges, new fields of acti-
recommendations and international of telecommunication (a word new
communication will oppose'it. outside Unesco or
conventions to governments. Every which takes its full significance if U. S.S.R. Opposed vity for its mass
industries, ail around the globe. A inside, as she thinks best. Unesco
member state is obligated to submit it is remembered that the first two The Russian comment came
Juge- world mainly representing can make it easier for the U. S.S.R.
to it reports"relating to educa- syllables mean"far-away") ; the quickly, Vladislav Ribnikar, a agency
nation would to look with favor upon many of
tional, scientific and cultural life troublesome question of interpene- slav observer, addressed the General the objectives of one
indeed. its projects just by makins them
and institutions,"It is instructed tration of cultures ; and above ail Conférence at the first session to be unfortunate
realistic. efficient and effective.
to"advise the United Nations Or- the issue of freedom of informa- explain why his government haù Highbrow vs. Lowbrow But there is no use spinning a
ganization on the educationai. tion, which west- not ratified the constitution of
so séparâtes thé As an example of the contrary bridge of words.
1 Unesco
scientLfic and cultural aspects of ern lands from Russia. ; and it was unmistakable
tendency, we may note a protest Will the gap betwcen the twa
matters of concern to the latter in Lest Unesco be too easily charg- that his remarks were to be taken by Kenneth Lindsay. in the Lon- worlds be wtdened. then, if the new
accordance with the terms and pro- nd with temerity in tackling prob- as the view of the U. S.S.R. on thé
Spectator ; that"matters of agency, after careful examination
possibilités of thé ! don
cedure agreed upon between thé of this size, it should per- program and
lems ; technique sucti as the film, the of the mass-communication pro-
appropriate authorities of the two that it was the new In short, he served' radio
I haps be pointed out agency. and the press have been jects, goes ahead with them ?
Organizations."Ali this is the ap- prominence of thèse factors of in- notice that the S. S.R. is im- elevated
U. into positions of undue
us note again that this
paratus for moulding public opinion. 1 Ii ternationalrelations which created placably opposed to the mass-com- the of First ietnot be quite the question. Ir
importance at expense l1lay
To aid in summoning that tween- this specialized agency, not the of Unesco and tcaehing,"and that the United States
1 munications activities education pursues its own
tieth-century génie. Unesco ha, 1agency which originated the prob- t This clarifies the situation. Thcre this has spoiled the purity of the special interests. enthusiasms
1 and
is no reason
also the instrument of the National the to suppose that Soviet onginal concept.
1 lems. The range and power of But. : ortunatcly, objectives uncritically,
a gay can
Commissions, the formation of inventions which have made Russia does not mean what she of Unchco into t\vo
a oivfsion in a different place, that is
to the mem- new open
which is rceommendcd the problems so real are little ap- ! says. Nor has she raised an issue is not scriousiy
constitution z separate agencics to say, between the United States
ber states by the but ! preciated ;indeed some of the new which will disappear mcrely if it is bcing considered. Thc amalgama-
1 and other nations of the non-Com-
not made compulsory. (In the devices may as yet be merely in not diseussed. The initial responsc I[
thé tion of the work of the two groups munist worid. Thé drive behind
United States. the Commission is stage of Hargreaves'spinning- to such a différence of opinion can of specialists is pssential if the work . such prodigious organizations as
composed of représentatives of"0 jenny of 1770, Voice broadcasting only be an effort of re-examina- of either is to be effective, as the thé United States press and movine ;
organizations, and 40 individu by radio, which can penctrate every tion by member nations of Unesco of thé International
expérience picture industries Can never prod-
appointed by the Secretary, corner of the worid, is only one of and their peoples-above ale bv Institute makes plain. Hère, in-
strong'ieadersh. p, hem. the prime uce a tidy product : wre they to
State.) Given To this familiar deveiop- Americans, who are decd, Americans valu-
can make a aim merety at that. half their best
wise selection of issues and skilled ment must be added such devices movers in the proposais to which able contribution, for what comes virtues would disappcar. But thcre
présentation, these Commissions of of
as wireless transmission fac- Russia objccts-of thé course to thé surface in ait of this is the is. iittle virtue in the automatic
could conceivably exert much in- simile pages, in color if desired. and action which has been taken. Therc old question of highbrow and low-
application of any principie. Icast
fluence. "nultiple address"newscasting, are no limites to thé ficld of such brow, perennially familiar to Amer- of ail of such a might\'one as lhe
Portelltous"Mass Media" which permit. wirf'lf'ss transmission an inquiry. But are there, perhaps. icans. One of the gréât pieces of
principe of frcc speech.
then. thcre are the porten- ot words by dot and dash at the scveral fixcd points which may that. for the
And ncws m the world is
the thinking which Coming Shape or Things
tous"mass media."which Unesco rate of 800 a minute (as compared help orient first time in hi. story. therc cxists
If, however. there is e'vc and
is so emphatically instructed to with 40 to 60 by cabale). Thc im- must be donc ?
a large nation with a mass culture
plications of such technique F'irst it relevant fo under- of America. take between lhe mass cullure of
cultivate. The purpose of the or- a are stems the United States
- and the CUnUl3
ganizatlon is to"collabora te in thé stagering. In due course, perhaps . scorc thc fact that thé succcss of That mass culture is the reverse Lhc United Sales,
under System of charges Unesco, ils faiturc in pro- production of olher lands, a gréât, cominunit. y
work of advancing thé mutual some ac- or any of thc merdai of mass
knowledge and undeistanding of cording to abitit. v to pny. as now ject which rai. ses impot'tant issues.Il is our spccia) achievcment- may stowty appear. Ali the mreha-
of mas. govt'rns thé rates of Ameriean and nisms of Unesco-confel"l' ! H'es, com-
peoples, through aU means press ean grcatly,-pcl'llaps l'yen deei- sout"cc of our greatest pride.
communication and to that end associations, newspapcrs anywhcro siyely--af : eet lhe wholc United some of our worst ! wadaC'l1cs. Is mittces. admin'strative boards-
recommend such international in thé worid should be amble to ob- Nalions Organizalion, UneiiCo is it not thé théine around which ail which thmw Aml'nenni ;, 1' : uropl'a11. >,
agreements be necessary tain hundrcds of thousands of lieu to thc Ec<momic and Social thé major questions of edueat ion 1 Middle and Far Easlerners and
as may
type of loose and of ('n1l ure have l'evo ! v ('d in,Af1'i Africlns.
;IItS, mass-media
111LS.S-n1C(ii1specialists
11)(` Î.41i5t.S
to promotc the frce now of ideas words of forcign new. s daity a flo\v Council by thé samc the (' (',
of information indced ! Thf rcuder ;'grpemelH which binds thc other United States in this century ? and cduealors tog ('lh ('r in pian-
by word and image."
For somc out the concrète pos- of nny m'wspaper in ttu world, or sppcialized agencics. Subsidiary Pf (' {'ls ('l. v what il. m ('ans l'or ninK the and cxecuLtn UM'varions
tibilities inhérent in ait tht. s tna-the cditor lit he coud not print it agrce ! npnls will make special ar- United states, and for thl'world' ; proJ ('cls of the a :' : l'ncy \\'iIl specd
will doubttes.s bc disclosed in an- thé urowth of thc conMnunity. And
chlnery wc must turn to thé pro- vl> wou Id have at his disposai thé rangemenU ; in regard to the budget
équivalant,. of thc forPlgn ncws and thc oH) er hundred ycars. But one thé projl'ct.'i tllr>ms (' ! ves will IJfln
gram recommcnded art Paris Of say. ma. ss média. Though
service of'Nie New York Times is thing thé Am ('l'icun l'xpcl'1l'nce to pcopt''s closet to peoples. Of course
the four main projccts which may ; I1cllher has been announced, it
perhaps it is pos"ihle lliat lhe very proccss
be takcn to reprisent Uneseo. s or [Pravda. o or IIprhalls PXIH'ctp (i tha 1 the ! : ; ecret ary-Uel1l'ral date makes (juite ctear : thé mass
of thé Chicago Tribune. And w1ll bic given thc nght to advi. seproducers of culture and tiu·ir will widen ti'e picsnnt Kap bctwcpn
purpose and fondions as now con-
of Unesco about its buduet. but. that llH'Sovil and w ('ôlcrn worlds. The
ceived. those rctuting to n'constl'UC- tht'u thcrc an'thé dcvclopmcnts cri tics need o) te another.
Uterary offset print1l1R the ttgcncy will tt. < ; t'lf de termine ilsAnd hen-lies one more fixed ouly [ : II : \l'anty that lh<'-gai), will
tlon, a campaign and tcxt- thé process of
book reviston 5 ('pm almost exclus- (through thé aid of photol (mphy 1 budl (pl. U1H'S ('O w111 probably b,' point of referenre. H is th (' int el" not widcn is for ati thé worfd to
frcc to follow its own line in rcgard action between thé mass culture of bcromc Comnmnist.
1vely"clearing hOllse"actlvitil'S. In by which thé type pages of a maga-
regard to the flrst, thé Conférence zine,-perhaps thousands of pounds 10 1111lSS communicatIons also, thc United States. and thé culturels 'Dut. lJIH'.'iCO, will wo\'k muid
dcarly reatixcd thal of other mMnbrr states. which will 1 langer, But it may also work ln
carefut to make plain that ot métal-arc tn effect transformed though it 15
was
thon Lhcsc acttvittcs interiock with thosc Unesco Ifs , confidence that it's on the road
Unesco ia not a rel1rf agency. Il to a packot of papcr<. to be a'once b ('t {tn to Rive
of othcr mcncies-with thé Com- and slze. Will there be an that icads 1. 0 The coming polltical
purchase some scienttfic carried ln a plane and put on shape
ap-
myparatus with its own funds for presses hatfway Y around the ilobe. mittee on Human Rtithts. for cxam- uiÍplanncd and unerittcat outpour- ! lhapc or Lhlngs. It ta not chance
1natltutlons especlally ln need of il, A pertodicat can now M prtnted pte. in regard to questions of civil ring or Amerlcan entertainment, that brtnga so ptatn a challenge
but lta efforta wHt be dlrectcd prt- simultllnl'ously ln all the ('ltlrs or libertines. A Radio Commtttee has Amerlcan ideas. American news, this vatency or the Unlled Nations.
BMrtty to survcytng thé needs of thé would. Wtmt wlll such develop- bcen set up on whlch cach out these the dlstingulshlng maraclerlstlc or ttnprtmtrte du New York Herttd d'Trlbùo ;
MhabUitation of shoots, museums ment. a do to nationat boundariM ? speciaUzed atenciea is represented. wh1ch 11 aimpty the sise of the 11 Rue due Terri, P8rl. l.