Rayat Group of Institutes

Rayat College Of Law

Assignment On. Criminology

Topic – Explain the Concept Crime Prevention

Supervised By :
Ms. Disha Khullar
Submitted By :
Neelesh Bhandari
B.A. LLB(Hons.)
Xth Semester
Roll no. 12174
 Introduction

In Ordinary language a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a

state or other authority. The term crime does not in modern
criminal law, have any simple and universal accepted definition
though statutory definition harm been provided for certain
purposes crime is an act shameful not only to some individual but
also to a community society or the state i.e. a public wrong such act
are forbidden and punishable by law such acts as murders, rape and
theft are to prohibited exists worldwide.

 Crime Prevention
Prevention of crime and protection against criminal may broadly be
defined as anything which reduces the incidence of crime. The focus
is on making the environment safe from crime and reducing the
potential for crime in high-risk situation.

o According to Brantingham (1976)

The Crime Prevention strategy involves three areas of action
which he calls as primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
measures for ensuring crime free environment reducing high-
risk potential and halting the possibility of future crime
respectively.
o According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1948

It had emphasised that crime prevention involves multis-

faceted programmes for protection of witnesses and victims
assistance compensation reparation, reconciliation,
restoration and re-integration etc.

 Primary Prevention
Prime prevention refers to location such as residence school,
neighbourhood community or society and involves altering the
environment in such a way that the root causes or at least
facilitating factors of crime are eliminated.
Prime prevention can be based on social disorganisation
theory which started that residential mobility and
heterogeneity leads people to have little or no interest in their
neighbourhood and they prefer to move out leaving the area
of crime prone.
 Secondary Prevention
This refers to reducing opportunities for crime and increasing
the risk for community crime. It has lot to do in with law
enforcement practices on the ground that person who lead
deviant life styles such as drug addiction, peers etc hardly
respond to legal prohibitions.
  Tertiary Prevention
This term is derived from the field of medicine to describe
procedure to be followed after a treat of crime is manifest.
This includes Personal injury or property insurance as well as
self protective measures by those who have been victimised
previously.

 The Present Scenario:

The mounting tall of Criminality and alarming rise in Juvenile delinquency

has become a problem of national concern all over the world. Most
countries now recognise that prevention of crime and treatment of
offenders is not an isolated problem that social defence and correction
cannot be considered as unrelated to the total culture and the society
and economic fabric of society. This is evident from the fact that the
battle against crime does not end at the court room door but continues
through imprisonment to release and beyond despite improved
correction method and recent innovation methods and recent innovation
in crime procedure and sentencing law the problem of crime and criminal
continues unabated as a challenge to new era of penology.

 Prevention of Juvenile Crimes :

The constantly mounting tall of juvenile delinquency is presenting a major

threat to problem of crime prevention in recent decades. In India
legislation on juvenile justice care and Protection of Children Act 2000 is a
beneficial statue fulfilling the constitutional obligation under Article 39(F)
and seek to provide securing and protecting to neglected children. It is
the duty of state to look after the child to ensure the development of its
personality. Some criminologist have drawn their attention to the fact
that juvenile delinquency is the result of influence of mass media movies
on human mind particularly teenagers domestic violence also is the result
of criminal activities poverty, insufficiency having generally lead to violent
behaviour in the families.

 Suggested Changes in Criminal Law and

Procedure

o There is an urgent need to re-classify the offences under

Indian Penal Code.
o Crime control is responsibility of police agency but there is
need to recognise the role and importance of state agencies
other than police.
o Crime relating to person should be punishable with a term of
imprisonment.
o Compensation provided to the victims is not to be considered
sufficient. It must be offenders who should be punished.
o Interference in investigation of cases by politicians has
distorted the image of criminal law.
  Problems Involved in Crime Prevention

An objective evaluation of crime prevention program suggested that

there is a growing need for enhancing the existing powers of the police
relating to arrest interrogation and search of suspected person. Police
officials should be empowered to arrest a suspected offender even
without a warrant. Experience has shown that much time is last in
observing the procedural formalities of law which afford sufficient
opportunity for the offender to escape detection that apart the police in
India is looked with distrust.
They are generally accused of misuse of power public criticism has a
demoralising effect on police officials and they find it difficult to perform
their law enforcement duties with confidence without an active support
from the public. The lack of public cooperation is therefore a contributing
factor for the failure of efforts to cope with the rising incidence of crime
and delinquency.

 Conclusion:

While summing up we conclude that the ultimate objective of criminal

justice system which is composed of police, procedure courts and prison
or other correctional institutions is to protect the society against
criminals, maintain order and prevent crime and delinquency. The latest
amendment in law relating to rape which provides death sentence for the
offence and execution of war criminals in Bangladesh and hard core
territories in India provides a good example of this development trends.