Total No. of Periods: 4 5

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) LABORATORY 0 0 3 100
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1 Manual part programming (Using G and M Codes) in CNC lathe
Part programming for Linear and Circular interpolation, Chamfering and Grooving Part
programming using standard canned cycles for Turning, Facing, Taper turning and
Thread cutting.
2 Manual part programming (using G and M codes) in CNC milling
2.1 Part programming for Linear and Circular interpolation and Contour motions.
2.2 Part programming involving canned cycles for Drilling, Peck drilling, and Boring.
3 Exposure to Component Modeling and CL data generation using CAD/CAM

Software
like Unigraphics, Pro/E, Edge CAM etc.,
4 NC code generation using CAD/CAM software-Post processing for standard CNC

control
like FANUC, SINUMERIC etc.,
Total No. of periods : 4 5
Page 1 of 56
INDEX
Sl. Date Name Of The Experiments Page No Marks Initial of

Staff
1. STUDY EXERCISE ON CNC MACHINES 5
STUDY EXERCISE ON SPECIFICATIONS AND
2. 9
PROGRAMMING CODES
3. SIMPLE TURNING OPERATIONS 19
4. MULTIPLE TURNING OPERATIONS 22
5. MULTIPLE TURNING OPERATIONS 25

MULTIPLE TURNING AND THREADING
6. 30
OPERATIONS
7. PROFILE MILLING OPERATIONS 34
PROFILE MILLING AND DRILLING
8. 36
OPERATIONS
9. PECK DRILLING AND BORING OPERATIONS 39
10. TURNING OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM 42

MULTIPLE TURNING
11. 44
OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM
MULTIPLE TURNING
12. 46
THREADING AND GROOVING
13. 48
PROFILE MILLING OPERATIONS USING
14. 50
EDGECAM
PROFILE MILLING AND DRILLING
15. 52
16. POCKETING OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM 54
PECK DRILLNG OPERATIONS USING

17. 56
EDGECAM
Total marks
Page 2 of 56
STUDY EXERCISE ON CNC MACHINES
EX. NO: 1
DATE :
Aim:
To conduct a brief study into various aspects of CNC machines
1. The evolution of CNC:

Shortly after world war – II, USAF faced with the complex machining of aircraft
components and inspection fixtures to close accuracies on a repetitive basis. During this time
Mr. John Parson was working on a project for developing equipment that would machine flat
templates for inspecting contours of helicopter blades. He succeeded in it and the proposal for
manufacturing such a machine was submitted to USAF in 1948 by Parson Corporation of
Traverse City, Michigan, and resulted in a development contract in 1948. Parson found that the
card reader was too slow and approached MIT to develop a tape reader and power drive for the
proposed machine. The collaboration between Parson and MIT went into troubles later. USAF
then awarded a prime contract to MIT in 1951. The servo machines laboratory of MIT
successfully demonstrated a three motion- milling machine.
The following three successive years witnessed hardware refinements and development
of mathematical functions for tape preparation in 1955. USAF awarded $35 millions for
manufacturing approximately 100 CNC machines of various types. Giddings and Lewis,
General Electric and Bendix are the companies who took interest in adopting NC technology in
its early years. The subsequent developments in CNC technology are primarily attributed to
refinements in computer hardware & part programming languages.
2. Difficulties faced by early NC machines
2.1 NC Controller
In a conventional NC system, the control is hardwired and therefore any modifications
of addition in facility call for many changes in the controller, which may or may not be possible
due to limitations of basic configuration.
2.2 Punched Tape

Paper tape is especially fragile and its susceptibility to war and tear makes it to be an
unreliable NC component for repeated use on the shop floor. More durable materials like miler,
Aluminum foil are used to overcome this difficulty. However these materials are also relatively
expensive. Besides this, the tape heeds to be loaded each time and some errors in reading. If any
change in instruction is needed, modification or editing of the tape is also not possible.
Page 3 of 56
2.2 Tape Reader
It is the least reliable hardware component of the system. NC System breakdowns are
mainly caused by tape readers.
2.4 Management information

The conventional NC System cannot provide timely information on operational
performance to management. Such information might include piece counts, machine
breakdowns and tool changes.
2.5 Non-optimal Speeds and Feeds

The conventional NC does not have facilities to optimize the speeds and feeds during
the machining process. Consequently, the part programmer must plan the cutting conditions
conservatively and this reduces productivity.
3. Canned Cycle
A Canned cycle is a combination of machine movements that perform machining operations
like drilling, milling, boring and tapping. For example, the drilling cycle consists of the
following movements of the tool.
 Fast approach to work piece.

 Drill at feed rate
 Rapid return to initial position.
These movements can be combined to form a cycle and give a code. When this code is
invoked, the machine performs all these operations. The use of canned cycle reduces
programming effort. This also saves the length of the program, thus saving the space required to
store the program.
4. General Machining Features available in a typical CAM Software
 Complete integration with other software’s ensuring no discrepancy between design and
machined part.
 Choice of cutter simulation, cutter path, cutter tools itself or machined workpiece.
 Machining output to ISO Standard CL data.
 Single or double precision CL data.
 Repetitive tasks by command files
 Cutting tool database adaptable to company standards.
 ATC Support.
 Estimation of machining times and tool path length (to establish tool wear).
 Manual editing of cutter path at any time.
 Efficient machining algorithms for optimum cutter path generation times.
5. Candidature of NC for the industry
When the following conditions are met, NC machines become a candidate for the
production industry.
When
 Quantity of parts per setup is small
 Parts are complex
 Repeated lots occur.
 Repeated design changes occur
Page 4 of 56
 Minimum lead time is must
 Scrapping would be costly
 Floor space is at a premium
6. Designation of co- ordinate systems in NC Machines

In an NC System, each axis of motion is equipped with a separate driving source such as
DC motor, stepper motor etc. The three main axes of motion are referred to as X, Y and Z-axes.
The Z-axes is perpendicular to both X and Y-axes in order to create a right hand co-ordinate
system. This is detailed as follows
6.1 Z-axis
(i) On a work piece-rotating machine, such as a lathe, the Z-axis is parallel to the
spindle, and the positive motions the tool away from the work piece.
(ii) On a tool-rotating machine, such as a milling or boring machine, Z-axis is
parallel to the tool axis, and the positive motion moves the tool away from the
work piece.
(iii) On other machines such as press, a planning machine, Z-axis is perpendicular to
the tool set and the work piece.
6.2 X-axis
(i) On a lathe, X – axis is the direction of tool movement and the positive motion
moves the tool away from the work piece.
(ii) On a horizontal milling machine, the X-axis is parallel to the table.
(iii) On a vertical milling machine, the positive X-axis points to the right when the
programmer is facing the machine.
6.3 Y-axis
This is the axis left in a standard Cartesian Co-ordinate system.
6.4 Rotational axis

A, B and C axis represent rotating about X, Y and Z respectively.
7. General format of a manual CNC Program
The CNC program block generally contains the following format
N-G-X-Y-Z-A-B-C-F-S-T-M
Where,
N – Sequence number of instructions
G- Preparatory function
X, Y, Z, A, B, C Co -ordinate and angular data
F- Feed
S- Spindle speed
T-Tool code
M- Miscellaneous function.
8. Control systems used in CNC Machines
Though there are many control systems in the market, the following are widely used:
(i) Allen Bradley

Page 5 of 56
(ii) Anilam
(iii) Bosch
(iv) Fanuc OM, OT, 18T, 3M, 3TF..
(v) GE 550,1050..
(vi) Heidenhain
(vii) Mazak
(viii) Philips
(ix) Hinumeric
(x) Elpro
9. Execution of part program written in CAPP Language

There are two major classes of part programming languages (Smith and Earns, 1977)
9.1. Machine oriented languages

They create tool paths by doing all the necessary calculations in one computer
processing stage by computing directly the special Co-ordinate data format and the coding for
speed and feed requirements.
9.2. General purpose languages

The computer processing can be broken down to into two stages, viz., a processing stage
and post processing stage. The processing stage creates an intermediate set of data points called
CL data. The following figure illustrates a generalized flow chart for most NC processors to
show the execution of the program written in a language like APT. The elements in the flow
chart are explained of follows
NC Processor
It is computer application program that accepts as input user oriented language
statements that describe the NC operations to be performed. The translation section translator
symbolic inputs contained in the section performs geometric and trigonometric calculations
required to generate the part surface. The path of the centerline of the cutter is also calculated
here. This section generates the cutter location data.(CL data)
Post processor
It is also a program that converts the CL data into program blocks, which are used to
machine the component. This is machine tool dependent.
CL Data
It is the intermediate data points, which represents the co-ordinates of various

machinable features in the work piece. It is a neutral file and acceptable to any post processor.
10. The requirements of a spindle drive and feed drive
(a) The requirements of a spindle drive motor are

(b) High rotational accuracy
(c) Wide constant power band
(d) Excellent running smoothness
(e) Compactness
(f) Fast dynamic response
(g) High over load capacity
(h) Infinitely variable speed within the range
Page 6 of 56
11. Spindle drives commonly used in CNC machine tools
(a) Squirrel cage induction motors

(b) DC shunt motors
(c) Permanent magnet AC induction motors
(d) Hydraulic drives
(e) Pneumatic drives.
12. Requirements of Feed drives
(a) Constant torque to overcome friction and working forces

(b) Infinitely variable driving speed
(c) Smallest possible positioning increments (typical:1-2m)
(d) Quick response characteristics (High peak torque)
(e) Integral mounting feedback devices
(f) Low armature inertia
(g) High torque-to-weight ratio
(h) Total enclosed non-ventilated design (TENV)
12. Feed drives commonly used in CNC machines

 Permanent magnet DC Servo motor
 Synchronous three phase AC servo motor with permanent magnet rotor
 Linear motor.
13. Important constituent parts of a CNC machine tool
(a) Machine structure

(b) Guide ways
(c) Feed drives
(d) Spindle & spindle bearings
(e) Measuring and feed back systems
(f) Controls, software and operator interface
(g) Tool monitoring
14. CNC machining centers vis-à-vis CNC machines
Initially the CNC technology was applied on basic metal cutting machines like lathes,
milling machines etc. To increase the flexibility of the machines in handling a variety of
components and to finish them in a single set-up on the same machine, a CNC machining center
for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and
tapping. These machining centers are very powerful, heavy-duty production machines with the
capability to change tools using ATC, A which can select any tool automatically, by the
computer program from the tool magazine. A typical tool magazine can contain more tools of
the order to 32 and above.
While vertical and horizontal machining canters could be respectively utilized for
machining only on one face and four faces of the component in a set-up, complete machining
of all five faces of cubical component in a single set up was possible with a feature to change
the spindle configuration automatically from vertical to horizontal and vice versa, as the case
may be, within the programmed cycle. These machines are called universal machinating centers
(UMC). Further, the concept of multi operations was also entered for machining cylindrical
components, which led to the developments of turning centers.
Page 7 of 56
Result:
STUDY EXERCISE
ON
SPECIFICATIONS AND PROGRAMMING CODES
EX. NO: 2
DATE :
Aim
To study the specifications and various codes used in programming a CNC machine tool
(FANUC controller).
XL TURN CNC LATHE SPECIFICATIONS
1. Swing over Bed - 150mm

2. Swing over Cross slide - 50mm
3. Z axis travel - 170mm
4. X axis travel - 80mm
5. Spindle - 1 HP
6. Speed - Max 3000 RPM
(for pneumatic chuck)
7. Feed - 0-1000mm/min
8. Spindle nose taper bore - MT3/20mm
9. Tail stock sleeve taper/travel - MT2/30mm
10.Z axis ball screw - Dia 16x5mm lead
11. Z axis ball screw - 12x2.5mm lead
12. Coolant tank capacity - 4Lrs.
13.Overall size - 700x500mm
14.Weight - 110Kg.
XLMILL CNC (STARMILL) SPECIFICATIONS
1. Table clamping size - 425x130mm

2. Traverses X axis - 180mm
3. Traverses Y axis - 120mm
4. Traverses Z axis - 115mm
5. Spindle Taper ISO 30 Speed - 0- 3000 RPM
3.1 NC Program Build – UP
In a NC program, the machining steps (operations) for producing a part on the machine
tool are laid down in a form that the control system can understand. A program comprises of
Page 8 of 56
several blocks. A block is a collection of NC words. A NC word is a collection of address letter
and a sequence of numbers. Table. 1. Shows the address letters according to DIN 66025
Table. 1. Address Characters as Per DIN 66025

Character Meaning
A Rotation about X-axis
B Rotation about Y-axis
C Rotation about Z-axis
D&E Rotation about additional axes
F Feed
G Preparatory function, identifying the action to be executed
H Unassigned
I Interpolation parameter / Thread pitch parallel to X-axis
J Thread pitch parallel to Y-axis
K Thread pitch parallel to Z-axis
L Unassigned
M Auxiliary function
N Block number
O Not number
P,Q,R Thread movement parallel to X, Y, Z axes respectively.
P&Q are also used as parameters in cycles
S Spindle speed
T Tool
U,V,W Second movement parallel to X,Y,Z axes respectively
X Movement in X-axis
Y Movement in Y-axis
Z Movement in Z-axis
3.2. G and M codes for Milling Operations:

Miscellaneous Functions (M codes) :
M00 Program Stop
M01 Optional Stop
M02 Program End
M03 Spindle Forward
M04 Spindle Reverse
M05 Spindle Stop
M06 Tool Change
M08 Coolant On
M09 Coolant Off
M10 Vice Open
M11 Vice Close
M13 Coolant, Spindle Fwd
M14 Coolant, Spindle Rev
M30 Program End and Rewind
M62 Output 1On
M63 Output 2On
Page 9 of 56
M64 Output 1Off
M65 Output 2Off
M66 Output 2Off
M67 Wait Input 1 Off
M70 X Mirror On
M71 Y Mirror On
M80 X Mirror Off
M81 Y Mirror Off
M98 Subprogram Call
M99 Subprogram Exit
3.3 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)

G Code Group Function
G00 Positioning (Rapid traverse)
G01 Linear interpolation (Cutting feed)
G02 01 Circular interpolation CW
G03 Circular interpolation CCW
G04 00 Dwell, Exact stop
G17 XY Plane selection
G18 02 ZX Plane selection
G19 YZ Plane selection
G20 Input in inch
G21 06 Input in mm
G28 00 Return to reference point
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 07 Cutter compensation Left
G42 Cutter compensation Right
G43 Tool Length compensation + direction
G44 08 Tool Length compensation - direction
G49 Tool Length compensation cancel
G73 Peck drilling cycle
G74 Counter tapping cycle
G76 Fine boring
G80 Canned cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle, spot boring
G82 Drilling cycle, counter boring
G83 09 Peck drilling cycle
G84 Tapping cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G90 03 Absolute command
G91 Incremental command
G92 00 Programming of absolute zero point
G94 05 Feed per minute
G95 Feed per rotation
Page 10 of 56
G98 10 Return to initial point in canned cycle
G99 Return to R point in canned cycle
3.4. G and M codes for Turning Operations:
Miscellaneous Functions (M codes) :

M00 Program Stop
M02 Optional Stop
M03 Spindle Forward (CW)
M04 Spindle Reverse (CCW)
M05 Spindle Stop
M06 Tool Change
M08 Coolant On
M09 Coolant Off
M10 Vice Open
M11 Vice Close
M62 Output 1On
M63 Output 2On
M64 Output 1Off
M65 Output 2Off
M66 Output 2Off
M98 Subprogram Call
M99 Subprogram Exit
Preparatory Functions (G Codes)

G Code Group Function
G00 Positioning (Rapid traverse)
G01 Linear interpolation (Cutting feed)
G02 1 Circular interpolation CW
G03 Circular interpolation CCW
G04 0 Dwell, Exact stop
G20 Input in inch
G21 6 Input in mm
G28 9 Return to reference point
G32 1 Thread cutting
G40 Tool nose radius compensation cancel
G41 7 Tool nose radius compensation Left
G42 Tool nose radius compensation Right
G49 Tool Length compensation cancel
G50 0 Work co-or.change / spindle speed setting
G70 4 Finishing cycle
G71 Stock removal in turning
G72 Stock removal in facing
G73 Pattern repeating
Page 11 of 56
G74 Peck drilling in Z axis
G75 Grooving in X axis
G76 Thread cutting cycle
G90 1 Cutting cycle A
G92 Thread cutting cycle

G94 Cutting cycle B
G96 2 Constant surface speed control
G97 Constant surface speed control cancel
G98 11 Feed per minute
G99 Feed per revolution
MILLING OPERATIONS:
1.CIRCULAR POCKETING:
Definitions for the terms used in the G170 and G171 circular pocket canned cycle as follows:
N0080 G170 R0 P0 Q3 X0 Y0 Z-6 I0.5 J0.1 K-24 ;

N0090 G171 P75 S2000 R75 F250 B2500 J200 Z5;
For G170 block,

R defines the position of the tool to start cycle ie. 0 (surface of job).
P defines when P is zero(0) the cycle is a roughing cycle and P is one (1) the cycle is finishing
cycle
Q defines the peck increment , 2 pecks each of 3mm.
X defines the pocket centre in X axis (0).
Y defines the pocket centre in Y axis (0).
Z defines the pocket base (-6mm) from job surface.
I defines the side finish allowance (leaves a finishing allowance of 0.5).
J defines the base finish allowance (leaves a finishing allowance of 0.1).
K defines the radius of pocket (-24) negative value - cut in CCW direction).
For G171 block,

P defines the cutter width percentage.
S defines the roughing spindle speed (S2000).
R defines the roughing Feed in Z (75).
F defines the roughing feed X,Y (250).
B defines the finishing spindle speed (2500).
J defines the finishing feed (200).
Z defines for to lift tool for safety purpose.
2.RECTANGULAR POCKETING :
Definitions for the terms used in the G172 and G173 rectangular pocket canned cycle as
follows:
N0080 G172 I50 J50 K0 P0 Q3 R0 X25 Y25 Z-6 ;

N0090 G173 I0.5 K0.1 P75 T1 S1000 R75 F250 B1500 J200 Z5 ;
Page 12 of 56
For G172 block,
I defines the pocket X length (50).
J defines the pocket Y length (50)
K defines the radius of corner roundness (not applicable to Denford software).
P defines that 0 = roughing cycle and 1 for finishing cycle.
Q defines the pocket Z increment (peck increments in above cycle 2-3mm pecks).
R defines the Absolute Z 'R' point.

X defines the pocket corner X (Absolute position relative to the X datum position).
Y defines the pocket corner Y (Absolute position relative to the Y datum position).
Z defines the absolute Z base of pocket (-6, ie, a depth of 6mm).
For G173 block,

I defines the pocket side finish (0.5 finishing allowance) on the finishing pass.
K defines the pocket base finish (0.1 finishing allowance) on the finishing pass.
P defines the cut width percentage (75% of tool dia.).
T defines the pocket tool (tool 1).

S defines the spindle speed for roughing (1000rpm).
R defines the roughing feed for Z (75).
F defines the roughing feed X and Y (250).
B defines the finishing spindle speed (1500 rpm).
J defines the finishing feed (200).
Z defines the safety Z (5mm above 'R' point).
When values are stated for the I and K elements, the program will perform a finishing pass after
completion of the final roughing cut.
3. PECK DRILLING CYCLE:
A G83 (Deep Hole Peck Drilling) command is written in the following format:
G99 G83 X.... Y.... Z.... Q.... R.... F....
G98 G80
Sequence of moves:
1) Rapid position to X, Y and Z (the initial level).

2) Rapid traverse to R point level.
3) Feed rate in the value of Q.
4) Rapid traverse out to R point. Rapid traverse back to within 1mm of depth of Q cut.
Operation moves 2 and 4 are repeated until Z depth is reached.
5) Rapid traverse to Initial level (G98) or R point level (G99).
1 - Positioning of the X and Y axes.

2 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the "R" point.
3 - Hole machining procedure.
4 - Operation at bottom of hole.
5 - Retraction to R point.
6 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the Initial level.
Page 13 of 56
G.... is defined as the canned cycle.
X.... Y.... is defined as the hole position, in absolute or incremental value.
Z.... is defined as the distance from the R point to the bottom of the hole in incremental
mode, or the position of the hole bottom in absolute mode.
R.... is defined as the distance from the initial level to the R point level in incremental mode,
or the position of the Z datum in relation to the R point level in absolute mode.
Q.... is defined as the cut-in distance value or shift value (Note - this is always specified as an
incremental value).
F.... is defined as the feed rate for machining.
G80- Drilling cycle cancelled.
4. BORING OPERATION :
G86 (Boring Operation) command is written in the following format:
G86 G99 X.... Y.... Z.... R.... K… F....

G98 G80
Sequence of moves:
1) Rapid position to X, Y and Z (the initial level).

2) Rapid traverse to R point level.
3) Feed motion up to the Z level, the bottom of the hole.
4) Rapid traverse up to the R point level Initial level (G99) and up to the Initial tool level (G98)
1 - Positioning of the X and Y axes.

2 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the "R" point.
3 - Hole machining procedure.
4 - Operation at bottom of hole.
5 - Retraction to R point.
6 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the Initial level.
G.... is defined as the canned cycle.

X.... Y.... is defined as the hole position, in absolute or incremental value.
Z.... is defined as the distance from the R point to the bottom of the hole in incremental
mode, or the position of the hole bottom in absolute mode.
R.... is defined as the distance from the initial level to the R point level in incremental mode,
or the position of the Z datum in relation to the R point level in absolute mode.
K.. is the number of repetitions (defaults to 1).
F.... is defined as the feed rate for machining.
G80… cycle cancelled.
Page 14 of 56
TURNING OPERATIONS:
1. MULTIPLE TURNING (Canned Cycle)
G71 MULTIPLE TURNING
G71 U(*ul) R (*r)

G71 P(*p) Q (*q) U(*u2) W (*w2) F(*f) S(*s) T(*t)
Where ,
*u1 = depth of cut (radius designation)
*r = relief amount
*p = line or block number of the start of the final profile
*q = line or block number of the end of the final profile
*u2 = finishing allowance in the X axis
*w2 = finishing allowance in the Z axis
*f = feed rate
*s = speed
*t = tool number
G70 FINSHING CYCLE

G70 P(p) Q(q) F(f)
2. GROOVING CYCLE
G75 GROOVING CYCLE

G75 R1
G75 X16 W-3 P100 Q1500 R1 F15
Relief amount, R= 1.0mm
Depth of groove, X =2mm
Width of groove, W=6.0mm
P-peck increment along, X axis 0.1mm
Q- Stepping distance along Z axis 1.5 mm
3. MULTIPLE THREADING CYCLE
G76 MULTIPLE THREADING CYCLE
G76 P031560 Q250 R0.15

G76 X9.853 Z-19 P1073 Q300 F1.75
(03 =Number of passes for finishing operation
(15 =Chamfer amount in microns
(60 =Angle of the thread in deg.
(Q =Minimum cutting depth=0.25 mm
(R =Finishing allowance =0.15mm
(X = Core diameter =9.853 mm for M12 thread
(Z =Length of thread =19 mm
(P Height of thread =1.073 mm
(Q =Depth of cut for first pass =0.3 mm
(F =Pitch of the thread =1.75 mm
Page 15 of 56
THREAD PARAMETERS
Nominal Pitch mm F Core diameter, X Height of
diameter, mm Bolt Nut thread ,mm
M2.5 0.45 1.948 2.013 0.276
M3 0.5 2.387 2.459 0.307
M4 0.7 3.141 3.242 0.429
M5 0.8 4.019 4.134 0.491
M6 1 4.773 4.918 0.613
M8 1.25 6.466 6.647 0.767
M10 1.5 8.160 8.376 0.920
M12 1.75 9.853 10.106 1.074
M16 2 13.546 13.835 1.227
M20 2.5 16.933 17.294 1.534
M24 3 20.320 20.752 1.840
M30 3.5 25.706 26.211 2.147
M33 3.5 28.706 29.211 2.147
M36 4 31.093 31.67 2.454
M8 X1 1 6.773 6.918 0.613
M10 X1.25 1.25 8.466 8.647 0.767
M12 X1.25 1.25 10.466 10.767 0.767
M16 X1.5 1.5 14.16 14.376 0.920
M20 X1.5 1.5 18.16 18.376 0.920
M24 X2 2 21.546 21.835 1.227
M30 X2 2 27.546 27.835 1.227
M36 X3 3 32.32 32.752 1.840
Result:
Page 16 of 56
SIMPLE TURNING OPERATIONS
EX. NO: 3
DATE :
Aim
To write the CNC part program for the component as shown in figure and simulate the
tool path using CNC Tutor and machine the component.

5. Spindle - 1 HP
Minimum System configuration:
Software : CNC Tutor

Operating system : Windows 2000
Processor : Pentium IV
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
1. The Process planning for the component is prepared. It consists of the sequence of
machining, tooling, cutting parameters.
2. Component drawing with datum and dimensions is drawn.
3. The CNC part program is written.
4. The program is entered and simulated using CNC - Tutor software. If any error detected, it
is rectified.
5. The raw material is fixed in the chuck and the offset is made.
6. The program is executed and the model is machined in the machine.
Page 17 of 56
MODEL:
Program:
Page 18 of 56
Planning And Operations Sheet
BILLET SIZE : MATERIAL: Aluminium

PROGRAM NO: DWG.NO :
SL. Operation Tool Tool tip Tool Tool Spindle speed, Feed,
NO Holder Station No. offset rpm mm/min
No.
1 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
2 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
Tool Offset Sheet
Standard Tool No Tool offset Tool offset Value Toolnose

No. Radius, mm
X Z R
0.4
0.8
CAM lab Process sheet Dr. Mahalingam college of engg and tech,Pollachi -3
Description of work Material Planned quantity Prepared by
Drawing number Material size Cycle time Sheet no
Operation no Machine Operation Tool / gauge Time
G CODE and M CODE Used in the Program:

G CODE M CODE
G00 Positioning (Rapid Traverse) M03 Spindle Forward (CW)
G01 Linear Interpolation (Feed) M05 Spindle Stop
G02 Circular interpolation (CW) M06 Tool Change
G03 Circular interpolation (CCW) M30 Program Rewind
Page 19 of 56
RESULT
The part program for the given component was written and simulated in CNC Tutor
software and machined in the CNC Turning machine.
MULTIPLE TURNING OPERATIONS

EX. NO: 4
DATE :
Aim

5. Spindle - 1 HP

Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
is rectified.
Page 20 of 56
MODEL:
Program:
Page 21 of 56

PROGRAM NO: DWG.NO : 1
No.
1 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
2 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
Tool Offset Sheet

No. Radius, mm
X Z R
0.4
0.8

G CODE M CODE
Page 22 of 56
RESULT
MULTIPLE TURNING OPERATIONS

EX. NO: 5
DATE :
Aim

5. Spindle - 1 HP

Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
is rectified.
Page 23 of 56
MODEL:
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm
Program:
Page 24 of 56
Program :
Page 25 of 56
Program :
Page 26 of 56
Planning & Operations Sheet

No.
1 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
2 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
Tool Offset Sheet
Standard Tool No Tool offset Tool offset value Toolnose

No. Radius, mm
X Z R
0.4
0.8
Page 27 of 56

G CODE M CODE
RESULT
MULTIPLE TURNING AND THREADING OPERATIONS
EX. NO: 6
DATE :
Aim
Page 28 of 56
5. Spindle - 1 HP

Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
is rectified.
MODEL:
Page 29 of 56
Program:
Page 30 of 56

No.
1 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
2 SCLCR1212 DCMT11
F09 T304
Tool Offset Sheet

No. Radius, mm
X Z R
0.4
0.8

G CODE M CODE
RESULT
Page 31 of 56
PROFILE MILLING OPERATIONS
EX. NO: 7
DATE :
Aim
1. Table clamp size - 425 x 130 mm

2. Traverse X axis - 180 mm
3. Traverse y axis - 120mm
4. Traverse z axis - 115mm

Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
is rectified.
5. The raw material is fixed in the table and the offset is made.
Page 32 of 56
MODEL:
5 5
R15 R15
75
22,5
5 15 35 12.5
4
10
100
All Dimensions are in mm
Program:
Page 33 of 56

SL. Operation Tool Tool Dia Tool Tool offset Spindle Feed,
NO Type mm Station No. No. speed, rpm mm/min
1
2
Tool Offset Sheet

No. Radius, mm
X y Z R

G CODE M CODE
RESULT
software and machined in the CNC Milling machine.
Page 34 of 56
PROFILE MILLING AND DRILLING OPERATIONS
EX. NO: 8
DATE :
Aim


Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
is rectified.
Page 35 of 56
MODEL:

Program:
Page 36 of 56

1
2
Tool Offset Sheet

No. Radius, mm
X y Z R

G CODE M CODE
RESULT
Page 37 of 56
PECK DRILLING AND BORING OPERATIONS
EX. NO: 9
DATE :
Aim


Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
Procedure:
is rectified.
Page 38 of 56
MODEL:
Ø6x9 holes
Ø7x9 holes
18
19
75
19
19
7
25 25 25 25 10
Program:
Page 39 of 56

1
2
Tool Offset Sheet

No. Radius, mm
X y Z R

G CODE M CODE
RESULT
Page 40 of 56
TURNING
EX. NO: 10
DATE :
AIM:
To Generate the CNC part program for the component as shown in figure and
simulate the tool path using EDGECAM
MINIMUM SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
1. Start Part Modeler. You will be working in the new 'Untitled Model' that automatically
opens.
2. Click Planar Construction menu ► Shapes ► Rectangle.
3. The cursor changes to ,and in the bottom left of the screen a message appears prompting
you to 'Indicate First Corner of Rectangle'.
4. Move the cursor toward the marker at the centre of the graphics window until it 'snaps',
as shown on the right. Then perform a left mouse click. Snapping means that you don't
have to exactly place the cursor. For example near a line end your click may be
automatically placed actually at the line end.
5. The cursor changes to indicated this, and you will see in a later step that this is controlled
by the Locate toolbar.
6. The marker shows the Construction Plane origin, which is where X, Y and Z = 0.
7. You are now following the prompt to 'Indicate 2nd corner of rectangle....'.
8. As you move the cursor this drags out the 2nd corner, and the Rectangle Width/Height
dialog dynamically indicates the current size.
9. With the help of part modeler option, create the whole profile as per requirement.
10. Save the part i.e., file> save…
11. Now start the new session of EDGECAM, and follow the given procedure.
12. Right-click on any menu. In the shortcut menu that appears click Profiles ► Turn
Profile ► default.config.
13. Operations > zx environment.
14. Solids> align body for Turning > select any surface > and set the CPL.
Page 41 of 56
15. Geometry > stock/fixture > and set as per the requirement
16. Solids > feature finder > Turn > ok.
17. Enter the Manufacturing mode by using ctrl+M,
18. On the Operations toolbar, click Straight Turn/Face Operation.The status bar (at the
bottom left of the window) prompts you to 'Digitise start point' Click the point just clear
of the right corner of the billet
19. On the Operations toolbar, click Turning Operation
20. Right-click to accept the default start point on the profile.
21. Right-click to accept the default start point of the cycle.
22. For the outer billet, select the white profile at the top. The dialog for the Turning
Operation is now displayed,
23. On the Main toolbar, (see location) click Simulate Machining
24. On the Main toobar, click Generate Code.
25. Enter a CNC Name of your choice and click OK.
MODEL:
RESULT:
Thus CNC part program for the component as shown in figure is generated as
well as simulated using EDGECAM.
Page 42 of 56
MULTIPLE TURNING
EX. NO: 11
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
opens.
2. Click Planar Construction menu ► Shapes ► Rectangle
you to 'Indicate First Corner of Rectangle'
automatically placed actually at the line end.
5. The cursor changes to indicated this, and you will see in a later step that this is controlled
by the Locate toolbar.
6. The marker shows the Construction Plane origin, which is where X, Y and Z = 0.
7. You are now following the prompt to 'Indicate 2nd corner of rectangle....'.
9. With the help of part modeler option, create the whole profile as per requirement,
10. Save the part i.e., file> save…
11. Now start the new session of EDGECAM, and follow the given procedure,Right-click on
any menu.
12. In the shortcut menu that appears click Profiles ► Turn Profile ► default.config.
13. Operations > zx environment,
14. Solids> align body for Turning > select any surface > and set the CPL,
15. Geometry > stock/fixture > and set as per the requirement
Page 43 of 56
16. Solids > feature finder > Turn > ok.
18. On the Operations toolbar, click Straight Turn/Face Operation.
19. The status bar (at the bottom left of the window) prompts you to 'Digitise start point'
20. Click the point just clear of the right corner of the billet.
21. On the Operations toolbar, click Turning Operation.
23. Right-click to accept the default start point of the cycle.
24. For the outer billet, select the white profile at the top.The dialog for the Turning
Operation is now displayed.
25. On the Main toolbar, (see location) click Simulate Machining.
MODEL:
RESULT:
Page 44 of 56
MULTIPLE TURNING
EX. NO: 12
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
opens.
2. Click Planar Construction menu ► Shapes ► Rectangle.
you to 'Indicate First Corner of Rectangle'.
automatically placed actually at the line end. The cursor changes to indicated this, and
you will see in a later step that this is controlled by the Locate toolbar.
5. The marker shows the Construction Plane origin, which is where X, Y and Z = 0. You
are now following the prompt to 'Indicate 2nd corner of rectangle....'.
7. With the help of part modeler option, create the whole profile as per requirement.
8. Save the part i.e., file> save… Now start the new session of EDGECAM, and follow
the given procedure, Right-click on any menu.
9. In the shortcut menu that appears click Profiles ► Turn Profile ► default.config.
11. Solids> align body for Turning > select any surface > and set the CPL, Geometry >
stock/fixture > and set as per the requirement ,
12. Solids > feature finder > Turn > ok, Enter the Manufacturing mode by using ctrl+M,
Page 45 of 56
13. On the Operations toolbar, click Straight Turn/Face Operation.
14. The status bar (at the bottom left of the window) prompts you to 'Digitise start point'
15. Click the point just clear of the right corner of the billet
16. On the Operations toolbar, click Turning Operation
18. Right-click to accept the default start point of the cycle. For the outer billet, select the
white profile at the top.
19. The dialog for the Turning Operation is now displayed,
20. On the Main toolbar, (see location) click Simulate Machining.
MODEL:
RESULT:
well as simulated using EDGECAM
Page 46 of 56
THREADING AND GROOVING
EX. NO: 13
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
opens. Click Planar Construction menu ► Shapes ► Rectangle.
2. The cursor changes to ,and in the bottom left of the screen a message appears
prompting you to 'Indicate First Corner of Rectangle'.
automatically placed actually at the line end. The cursor changes to indicated this, and
you will see in a later step that this is controlled by the Locate toolbar.
4. The marker shows the Construction Plane origin, which is where X, Y and Z = 0. You
are now following the prompt to 'Indicate 2nd corner of rectangle....'.
5. As you move the cursor this drags out the 2nd corner, and the Rectangle
Width/Height dialog dynamically indicates the current size.
6. With the help of part modeler option, create the whole profile as per requirement, Save
the part i.e., file> save… Now start the new session of EDGECAM, and follow the
given procedure, Right-click on any menu.
7. In the shortcut menu that appears click Profiles ► Turn Profile ► default. config.
9. Solids> align body for Turning > select any surface > and set the CPL, Geometry >
stock/fixture > and set as per the requirement ,
10. Solids > feature finder > Turn > ok,
12. On the Operations toolbar, click Straight Turn/Face Operation. The status bar (at
the bottom left of the window) prompts you to ' Digitise start point' click the
point just clear of the right corner of the billet
Page 47 of 56
13. On the Operations toolbar, click Turning Operation Right-click to accept the default
start point on the profile. Right-click to accept the default start point of the cycle.
14. For the outer billet, select the white profile at the top.
15. The dialog for the Turning Operation is now displayed, On the Main toolbar, (see
location) click Simulate Machining.
MODEL:
RESULT:
Page 48 of 56
PROFILE MILLING OPERATIONS
USING EDGECAM
EX. NO: 14
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
1. On the File menu, click Open.
2. In the Open dialog, navigate to, and open the Corresponding file,
3. In the top right corner of the Edgecam window, click Switch to Manufacture Mode, In
this part, the machining sequence has already been started. Edgecam may ask you to
confirm settings for the code generator. If so, click Cancel.
4. Right-click on any menu, click Profiles ► Mill Profile ► default.config.
5. On the Options menu, click Select Technology.
6. To select the Component Material, click Browse. (You leave the default setting for
Technology Adjustment unchanged.)
7. In the dialog that opens scroll down the list in the All tab, then click Steel - 150 HB to
select it, then click Select. > Click OK to close the Select Technology dialog > You see
a notification dialog about speeds and feeds - click OK in this dialog.
8. On the Operations toolbar click Face Mill Operation. > The status bar prompts you to
'Select closed profiles to machine'. Click on the white part outline to select it, then right-
click to terminate the selection > the face mill operation dialog now now appear,
Page 49 of 56
9. In the General tab set Mill Type to Climb, Angle to 0, %Stepover to 90, Lead
Length to 0, Lead Radius to 0 and Stock Offset to 0.5.
10. Click the Tooling tab and set Feedrate to 500, Plunge Feed to 200, Speed to 150, and
Diameter to 1.25. All other settings can be left blank.
11. Click the Depth tab and set Clearance to 0.25, Level to 0.04 and Depth to -0.04. All
other settings can be left blank. > Click OK. > The Face Mill operation is now created.
12. On the Operations toolbar, click Roughing Operation. > The status bar prompts you to
'Digitise Geometry to machine'. Rest the cursor on the cyan profile to highlight it, then
click. > Right-click to finish the geometry selection

MODEL:
5 5
R15 R15
75
22,5
5 15 35 12.5
4
10
100
RESULT:
Page 50 of 56
PROFILE MILLING AND DRILLING OPERATIONS
USING EDGECAM
EX. NO: 15
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
Page 51 of 56

MODEL:
RESULT:
Page 52 of 56
POCKETING OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM
EX. NO: 16
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
Page 53 of 56

MODEL:
75
2
4
100 10
RESULT:
Page 54 of 56
PECK DRILLNG OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM
EX. NO: 17
DATE :
AIM:
Software : EDGECAM
Speed : 1.3 GHz
Ram : 256MB
PROCEDURE:
Page 55 of 56

MODEL:
Ø6X 9 HOLES
18
19
75
19 19
25 25 25 25 7
100 10
RESULT:
Thus CNC part program for the component as shown in figure is generated as well as
simulated using EDGECAM.
Page 56 of 56

Total No. of Periods: 4 5

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COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) LABORATORY 0 0 3 100

1 Manual part programming (Using G and M Codes) in CNC lathe

2 Manual part programming (using G and M codes) in CNC milling

3 Exposure to Component Modeling and CL data generation using CAD/CAM

like Unigraphics, Pro/E, Edge CAM etc.,

4 NC code generation using CAD/CAM software-Post processing for standard CNC

like FANUC, SINUMERIC etc.,

Total No. of periods : 4 5

Sl. Date Name Of The Experiments Page No Marks Initial of

4. MULTIPLE TURNING OPERATIONS 22

5. MULTIPLE TURNING OPERATIONS 25

10. TURNING OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM 42

16. POCKETING OPERATIONS USING EDGECAM 54

PECK DRILLNG OPERATIONS USING

1. The evolution of CNC:

2. Difficulties faced by early NC machines

2.2 Punched Tape

2.4 Management information

2.5 Non-optimal Speeds and Feeds

 Fast approach to work piece.

4. General Machining Features available in a typical CAM Software

5. Candidature of NC for the industry

6. Designation of co- ordinate systems in NC Machines

This is the axis left in a standard Cartesian Co-ordinate system.

6.4 Rotational axis

7. General format of a manual CNC Program

The CNC program block generally contains the following format

8. Control systems used in CNC Machines

(i) Allen Bradley

9. Execution of part program written in CAPP Language

9.1. Machine oriented languages

9.2. General purpose languages

It is the intermediate data points, which represents the co-ordinates of various

10. The requirements of a spindle drive and feed drive

(a) The requirements of a spindle drive motor are

(a) Squirrel cage induction motors

12. Requirements of Feed drives

(a) Constant torque to overcome friction and working forces

12. Feed drives commonly used in CNC machines

(a) Machine structure

14. CNC machining centers vis-à-vis CNC machines

XL TURN CNC LATHE SPECIFICATIONS

1. Swing over Bed - 150mm

XLMILL CNC (STARMILL) SPECIFICATIONS

1. Table clamping size - 425x130mm

3.1 NC Program Build – UP

Table. 1. Address Characters as Per DIN 66025

3.2. G and M codes for Milling Operations:

3.3 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)

3.4. G and M codes for Turning Operations:

Miscellaneous Functions (M codes) :

Preparatory Functions (G Codes)

G92 Thread cutting cycle

N0080 G170 R0 P0 Q3 X0 Y0 Z-6 I0.5 J0.1 K-24 ;

For G170 block,

For G171 block,

N0080 G172 I50 J50 K0 P0 Q3 R0 X25 Y25 Z-6 ;

R defines the Absolute Z 'R' point.

For G173 block,

T defines the pocket tool (tool 1).

3. PECK DRILLING CYCLE:

G99 G83 X.... Y.... Z.... Q.... R.... F....

1) Rapid position to X, Y and Z (the initial level).

G71 U(ul) R (r)