INDEX

YOJANA – JUNE 2018

1. OFFERING A PROTECTIVE HAND ............................................................ 3

2. CONTINUATION OF UMBRELLA SCHEME 'GREEN REVOLUTION

KRISHONNATI YOJANA' ............................................................................ 4

3. NEW AGE SKILLS - GENERATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH ....... 7

4. RATIONALISING THE TAX STRUCTURE ................................................. 8

5. MAKING QUALITY MEDICINES AVAILABLE TO THE COMMON MAN10

6. MULTI PRONGED APPROACH TO BRIDGE THE URBAN RURAL

DIVIDE ....................................................................................................... 12

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 YOJANA – JUNE 2018

1. OFFERING A PROTECTIVE HAND • Gender Champions is an initiative to

provide an integrated and
Why there is need to take care for the
interdisciplinary approach to
development of Women and Children ?
understanding the social and cultural
• Due to the patriarchal mindset of the
constructs of gender that shape the
society, the women and children have
experiences of women and men in
been treated unequally by the society.
society.
• Despite making up two-thirds of our
• The aim is to make young boys and
population, their important
girls gender sensitive and create
perspectives have often been ignored,
positive social norms that value the
and they have been sidelined in the
girls and their rights.
development paradigm.
For encouraging reporting :
• The development of a country makes
without enclosing these stakeholders • One Stop Centre scheme aims to
will be unsustainable. facilitate access to an integrated range
of services including medical aid,
• No country or culture can make real
police assistance, legal aid/ case
progress unless it upholds the rights
management, psycho-social
of women and children, and gives
counseling, and temporary support
them an equal place in the society.
services to women affected by
What are the measures taken by GOI to violence.
protect the women and children ?
• The Scheme for Universalisation of
For changing mindsets : Women Helpline (181) is being
implemented to provide 24 hour
• Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao, is a
emergency and non-emergency
nation-wide campaign to increase
response to women affected by
awareness on celebrating the Girl
violence including sexual offences and
Child & enabling her education.
harassment both in public and private
• The campaign will be aimed at sphere, including in the family,
ensuring girls are born, nurtured and community, workplace, etc.
educated without discrimination to
• The another helpline Child line
become empowered citizens of this
(1098) is a nationwide number for
country with equal rights.
children in distress situations has has

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 managed 1.8 crores calls in the last • New taxi policy guidelines for
year. improved women safety have been
brought out with better safety
• Protection of Children from Sexual measures for women such as
Offences (POCSO) e-Box is an online mandatory GPS panic devices in all
complaint box for reporting child taxis, disabling of child lock systems,
sexual abuse. prominent display of driver's
information., etc.
• The online complaint management
system enables easy reporting and Other measures :
timely action against the offenders
• A feature of Panic buttons will soon
under the POCSO Act, 2012.
be available in all mobile handsets in
In legal Framework : the country to provide emergency
response to the women in distress.
• The Trafficking of Persons
(Prevention, Protection and • Using IT as a tool to improve
protection of children, the Ministry
Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018 has been
has set up an online citizen based
prepared to addresses one of the most
portal "Khoya Paya" for the sake of
pervasive yet invisible crimes affecting
missing children.
the most vulnerable persons
especially women and children. • A Central Reporting Mechanism is
being created to work as a hotline for
• An amendment has been proposed by
anyone to report cybercrime and
the Ministry to the Prohibition of easier processes are being put in place
Child Marriage Act, 2006 so as to to remove Child Pornography, Rape
make child marriages henceforth void and Gang Rape imagery, etc.
ab initio or invalid in law.
• In an innovation measure, the
• The Protection of Women from Ministry has also setup Child Help
Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) is a Desks in 60 major railway stations
Civil law meant to protect and provide around the country known to be the
support to victims of domestic common source and destination
violence. centers for child trafficking.

• The Protection of Women from 2. CONTINUATION OF UMBRELLA

Sexual Harassment at Workplace SCHEME 'GREEN REVOLUTION
(Prevention, Prohibition and KRISHONNATI YOJANA'
Redressal) Act, 2013 focuses on What is Krishonnati Yojana ?
prevention of sexual harassment at
• The Cabinet Committee on Economic
workplace and provides a redressal
Affairs, has given its approval for the
mechanism.

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 Umbrella Scheme, "Green Revolution on Oil Seeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP),
– Krishonnati Yojana" in agriculture aims to increase production of rice,
sector beyond 12th Five Year Plan for wheat, pulses, coarse cereals and
the period from 2017-18 to 2019-20 commercial crops, through area
with the Central Share of Rs. expansion and productivity
33,269.976 crore. enhancement in a suitable manner in
the identified districts of the country,
• The Umbrella scheme comprises of 11
restoring soil fertility and productivity
Schemes/Missions.
at the individual farm level and
• These Schemes/Missions focus on enhancing farm level economy.
creating/strengthening of
• National Mission for Sustainable
infrastructure of production, reducing
Agriculture (NMSA) aims at
production cost and marketing of
promoting sustainable agriculture
agriculture and allied produce.
practices best suitable to the specific
• These schemes look to develop the agro-ecology focusing on integrated
agriculture and allied sector in a farming, appropriate soil health
holistic and scientific manner to management and synergizing resource
increase the income of farmers by conservation technology.
enhancing production, productivity
• Sub-mission on Agriculture
and better returns on produce.
Extension (SMAE) aims to strengthen
• The Schemes will be continued with the ongoing extension mechanism of
an expenditure of Rs.33,269.976 crore State Governments, local bodies etc.,
for three financial years, i.e., 2017-18, achieving food and nutritional
2018-19 and 2019-20. security and socio-economic
empowerment of farmers, to
What are the 11 Schemes covered under institutionalize programme planning
this program ? and implementation mechanism, to
• Mission for Integrated Development forge effective linkages and synergy
of Horticulture (MIDH) with a total amongst various stake-holders, to
central share of Rs. 7533.04 crore, support HRD interventions, to
MIDH aims to promote holistic growth promote pervasive and innovative use
of horticulture sector; to enhance of electronic / print media, inter-
horticulture production, improve personal communication and ICT
nutritional security and income tools, etc.
support to farm Households.
• Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting
• National Food Security Mission Material (SMSP) aims to increase
(NFSM), including National Mission production of certified / quality seed,

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 to increase SRR, to upgrade the agricultural practices, particularly
quality of farm saved seeds, to with respect to plant protection
strengthen the seed multiplication strategies and strategies.
chain, to promote new technologies
• Integrated Scheme on Agriculture
and methodologies in seed
Census, Economics and Statistics
production, processing, testing etc., to
(ISACES) aims to undertake the
strengthen and modernizing
agriculture census, study of the cost
infrastructure for seed production,
of cultivation of principal crops, to
storage, certification and quality etc.
undertake research studies on agro-
• Sub-Mission on Agricultural economic problems of the country, to
Mechanisation (SMAM) aims to fund conferences/workshops and
increase the reach of farm seminars involving eminent
mechanization to small and marginal economists, agricultural scientists,
farmers and to the regions where experts and to bring out papers to
availability of farm power is low, to conduct short term studies, to
promote ‘Custom Hiring Centres’ to improve agricultural statistics
offset the adverse economies of scale methodology and to create a
arising due to small landholding and hierarchical information system on
high cost of individual ownership, to crop condition and crop production
create hubs for hi-tech and high value from sowing to harvest.
farm equipment, to create awareness
• Integrated Scheme on Agricultural
among stakeholders through
Cooperation (ISAC) aims to provide
demonstration and capacity building
financial assistance for improving the
activities, and to ensure performance
economic conditions of cooperatives,
testing and certification at designated
remove regional imbalances and to
testing centers located all over the
speed up cooperative development in
country.
agricultural marketing, processing,
• Sub Mission on Plant Protection storage, computerization and weaker
and Plan Quarantine (SMPPQ) aims section programmes; to help cotton
to minimize loss to quality and yield of growers fetch remunerative price for
agricultural crops from the ravages of their produce through value addition
insect pests, diseases, weeds, besides ensuring supply of quality
nematodes, rodents, etc. and to shield yarn at reasonable rates to the
our agricultural bio-security from the decentralized weavers.
incursions and spread of alien
• Integrated Scheme on Agricultural
species, to facilitate exports of Indian
Marketing (ISAM) aims to develop
agricultural commodities to global
agricultural marketing infrastructure;
markets, and to promote good

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 to promote innovative and latest • As the scenario is changing to
technologies and competitive concepts like 'Smart Factory', we are
alternatives in agriculture marketing in need of skilling the youth towards
infrastructure; to provide these emerging technologies to reap
infrastructure facilities for grading, the demographic dividend.
standardization and quality
• In order to make the Indian skilled
certification of agricultural produce; to
workforce surplus by the year 2030,
establish a nationwide marketing
we need to make the skilling
information network; to integrate
programmes to youth.
markets through a common online
market platform to facilitate pan-India What are the interventions by GOI in the
trade in agricultural commodities, etc. area of skilling ?

• National e-Governance Plan (NeGP- • Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas

A) aims to bring farmer centricity & Yojana - initiative by the GOI to train
service orientation to the programmes; youth to prepare them for global
to enhance reach & impact of markets through industry related
extension services; to improve access training.
of farmers to information &services
• Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-
throughout crop-cycle; to build upon,
National Urban Livelihoods Mission
enhance & integrate the existing ICT
- sustainable livelihood through
initiatives of Centre and States; and to
skilling and up skilling of urban poor
enhance efficiency & effectiveness of
for salaried employment or self
programs through making available
employment opportunities.
timely and relevant information to the
farmers for increasing their • Director general of training -
agriculture productivity. Modular Employable Skills - scheme
for school dropouts and existing
3. NEW AGE SKILLS - GENERATING
workers in the unorganized sector for
OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH
improving gainful employment
Why Skilling is important in India ? through vocational training and

• Skilling youth in new tasks and jobs apprenticeship program.

is an emerging strategy for realising

• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen
the full potential of our young
Kaushalya Yojana - placement linked
workforce.
skill development program for the

• With the nation's average age of 29, rural youth.

skilling youth at scale with speed and

• The National Skill Development
standards is the key to development.
Corporation India was setup as a

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 one of its kind, Public Private machines, amalgamation of emerging
Partnership Company with the technologies, business analytics and
primary mandate of catalyzing the cyber physical systems.
skills landscape in India.
• This is the concept of "Smart Factory"
• The National Skill Development where machines talk to each other
Agency, an autonomous body, through sensors, which will lead to
(registered as a Society under the productivity enhancement and
Society's Registration Act 1860) was resource optimization.
created with the mandate to co-
• With fast emerging Fourth Industrial
ordinate and harmonise the skill
Revolution in India, emerging skills in
development activities in the country,
the domains like IOT, Artificial
is part of the Ministry of Skill
Intelligence, Virtual reality,
Development & Entrepreneurship
Augmented Reality, Robotics and 3D
(MSDE).
printing will be in greater demand.
• Aajeevika - National Rural
• India has the capacity to leapfrog
Livelihoods Mission - aims to provide
various stages of industry 4.0 through
opportunities to youth from rural
its pool of IT savvy youth.
areas to upgrade their skills and
provide placement support. • Re-skilling or up-skilling models of
the existing workforce have to be
• Atal Innovation Mission - initiative
designed to equip them with the
to promote a culture of innovation and
changed task/roles.
entrepreneurship by providing a
platform for idea generation and • The IT sector is going through a
incubator and mentor support. period of disruption that features
protectionism, automation and global
• Startup India - scheme to boost
challenges; all this is a great
startup ecosystem. The action plan of
opportunity for our technology savvy
this initiative is based on
youth.
simplification and handholding of
Startups, funding support and 4. RATIONALISING THE TAX
Incentives, industry-academia STRUCTURE
partnership and incubation support.
What is the history of tax reforms in
• What is the current scenario to India ?
which skilling should be oriented ?
• Before 1991 India's overall tax

• Industry 4.0 is characterized by structure had been broadly inefficient

increasing digitization, connected and quite inequitable.

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 • By international standards, the accounting of direct taxes using
income tax rates had been high, and information technology.
there was no VAT at the central level,
• The Electronic Return Acceptance
except on the selective basis from the
and Consolidation System (ERACS)
mid 1980s.
is a web based utility that is useful for
• The consumption tax base was uploading the electronic returns of the
narrow, with services excluded from Tax Deduction at Source (TDS), Tax
the tax base and customs duties were Collection at Source (TCS) and Annual
very high yet riddled with complex Information Return (AIR) to the TIN
exemptions. Central system.

• At the sub national level, states sales • Online Tax Accounting System
taxes caused heavy excess burdens (OLTAS), on the other hand is
due to input taxes getting built in the primarily used by the department to
prices of final commodities, resulting get details related to tax deposited
in tax on tax, or cascading of taxes. across the country. The tax collected
by multiple tax collection branches in
• So the states in order to harmonies
India is processed by OLTAS and
their sales tax rates and most
passed to the Central System for
importantly, introduced a value added
authorities to view.
tax from 2005, comprising perhaps
the most important sub national tax • E-TDS/E-TCS – Payments made by
reform since the formation of Indian organizations or individuals to third
republic in 1950. parties attract TDS or tax deducted at
source and this tax should be
• The recent introduction of Goods and
deposited to authorized tax collection
Services tax is another kind of reform
agencies and this can be done
in the indirect taxes arena to simplify
through websites itself.
the tax structure and remove the tax
terrorism. • The TIN NSDLP website saves time
and effort of such entities, providing
What are the measures taken by GOI in
them an online platform to upload
tax administration ?
their returns. Similarly, entities can
Direct taxes : also upload their TCS returns online.

• Tax Information Network (TIN) is an • “e-Sahyog” aims to provide an online

initiative by Income Tax Department mechanism to resolve mismatches in
of India (ITD) for the modernization of Income-tax returns of those assesses
the current system for collection, whose returns have been selected for
processing, monitoring and scrutiny, without visiting the Income

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 Tax Office. Under this initiative the currently the average customs duties
Department will provide an end to end are in the range of 11 - 12 percent.
e-service using SMS, e-mails to inform
• GST : The GST replaces 15 existing
the tax assesses of the mismatch.
state and federal taxes and could help
• To bring new life to the sluggish India increase its economic growth by
grievance redressal mechanism, the 0.5 and two percentage points.
department is using 'Sevotam'
• The GST forge a single economic zone
platform that connects all income tax
for the country from a thicket of
offices in the country.
overlapping federal and state taxes.
• The IT department is working towards
• The GST is widely viewed as a
processing and sending tax refunds
breakthrough that will allow the
within 10 working days and an
authorities to confront the problem,
initiative to verify Income Tax Return
eventually creating a more unified
(ITR) by Aadhaar or bank database
economy that will allow businesses to
has been taken.
expand nationwide far more easily.
• CBDT rolled out “pre-filled” return
• In the longer run, the GST is expected
forms to filers which will have an
to attract foreign investment reducing
automatic upload of data on income
the cost of capital goods; raise
and other vitals of a taxpayer.
manufacturing and exports, increase
• The PAN camps around different tax collections and most importantly
centers in India will facilitate PAN create jobs, the need of the hour.
application and further facilitate filing
• GST will put an end to “Tax
returns and tax collection. The PAN
Terrorism” because industry says that
camps are aimed at expanding the
under the plethora of taxes in states
coverage of number of people through
and the centre, it is currently
Permanent Account Number (PAN).
“harassed and victimized” by multiple
Indirect tax : tax authorities.“

• MODVAT was introduced to replace 5. MAKING QUALITY MEDICINES

the central excise duty and it was
gradually extended to all
commodities through CENVAT.
• In 1990, the customs duty on non
agricultural products was 128 percent
and it was gradually reduced and
AVAILABLE TO THE COMMON MAN
the
What is the current scenario of medicine
consumption in India ?
• It is irony that even after 70 years of
Independence, only around 40 percent
of the population are able to afford
branded medicines.

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 • The branded medicines market is
approximately 1 lakh
thousand crores, whereas, 6 out of 10
people of population don't have access
to the branded medicines.
• Extend coverage of quality generic
and 20 medicines so as to reduce and thereby
redefine the unit cost of treatment per
person.
• Quality procurement through WHO -

• India is one of the leading countries to GMP and CPSUs manufacturers and
each batch is released only after
export world class generic medicines
clearance from NABL labs.
to around 200 countries.
• Create awareness about generic
• Out of every 6 medicines consumed in
medicines through education and
the world, one is from India.
publicity to counter the perception
What is Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya that quality is synonymous with high
Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) ? price.

• PMBJP is a campaign launched by the • Be a public program involving

Department of Pharmaceuticals to Government, PSUs, Private Sector,
provide quality medicines at NGO, Societies, Co operative bodies
affordable prices to the masses. and other institutions.

• PMBJP stores have been set up to • Create demand for generic medicines

provide generic drugs, which are by improving access to better

healthcare through low treatment cost
available at lesser prices but are
and easy availability wherever needed
equivalent in quality and efficacy as
in all categories.
expensive branded drugs. I
• Generate employment by engaging
• t was launched by the Department of
individual entrepreneurs in opening of
Pharmaceuticals in November 2008
Jan Aushadi Kendras.
under the name Jan Aushadi
Campaign. • Develop a model which can be
replicated in other countries of the
• Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India world, in pursuit of their common goal
(BPPI) is the implementation agency of achieving affordable quality health
for PMBJP. care.

What are the salient features of this • Provide access to any prescription
scheme ? drug or Over the Counter (OTC) drug
in all therapeutic categories as generic
• Ensure access to quality medicines for
equivalents, which is not to be
all sections of the population
restricted to the beneficiaries of Public
especially for the poor and the
Health System alone but also to serve
deprived ones.
others.

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What are the benefits available for the • Jan Aushadhi stores and Distributors
people/ institutions for opening the JAS ? will be allowed 2% of total sales or

• BPPI will provide one-time financial actual loss, whichever is lower, as

assistance upto Rs. 2.50 lakh as per compensation against expiry of

details are given below medicines.

• Rs. 1 lakh reimbursement of furniture • Expired goods need not be returned to

and fixtures. BPPI. Stocks expiring at the C&F level

will entirely be the loss of BPPI.
• Rs. 1 lakh by way of free medicines in
the beginning. • Credit facility will be given to all Jan
Aushadhi stores for 30 days against
• Rs. 0.50 lakh as reimbursement for postdated cheques.
computer, internet, printer, scanner,
etc. • Distributors will also get a credit of 60
days against post-dated cheques. C&F
• Financial support of 2.5 lakhs. This agencies will have to deposit a
will be given @ 15% of monthly sales security amount depending upon the
subject to a ceiling of Rs 10,000/ per business.
month up to a total limit of 1.5 lakhs.
6. MULTI PRONGED APPROACH TO
• In NE states and Naxal affected areas, BRIDGE THE URBAN RURAL DIVIDE
tribal areas, the rate of incentive will
What are the different agricultural and
be 15% and subject to a monthly
rural development schemes aimed at
ceiling of Rs.15,000. upto total limit of
invigorating rural India ?
2.5 lakhs.
• The National Food Security Mission
• The Applicants belonging to weaker (NFSM) was launched in 2007-08 with
sections like SC/ST/Differently-abled a view to enhancing the production of
may be provided medicines worth Rs. rice, wheat, and pulses by 10 million
50,000/- in advance within the tonnes, 8 million tonnes, and 2
incentive of Rs. 2.5 lakhs which will million tonnes respectively by the end
be provided in the form of 15% of of the Eleventh Plan (viz. March
monthly sales subject to a ceiling of 2012).
Rs. 10,000/ - per month up to a total
limit of Rs. 2.5 lakh. • The Mission aims to increase
production through area expansion
• 20% trade margin shall be included in and productivity; create employment
MRP for retailers and 10% for opportunities; and enhance the farm-
distributors. level economy (i.e. farm profits) to
restore confidence of farmers.

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• The approach is to bridge the yield • These schemes are only risk
gap in respect of these crops through mitigation tools available to farmers at
dissemination of improved extremely low premium rates payable
technologies and farm management by farmers at 2% for Kharif crops,
practices while focusing on districts 1.5% for Rabi Crop and 5% for annual
which have high potential but commercial/horticultural crops.
relatively low level of productivity at
• The balance of actuarial premium is
present.
shared by the Central and State
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana Governments on 50 : 50 basis.
(RKVY) is a continuing scheme under
• The schemes are voluntary for States
implementation from XI Five Year
and available in areas and crops that
Plan.
are notified by the State Governments.
• The scheme provides considerable
• The National Agriculture Market
flexibility and autonomy to states in
scheme (e-NAM) envisages initiation
planning and executing programmes
of e-marketing platform at national
for incentivizing investment in
level and to support creation of
agriculture and allied sectors.
infrastructure to enable e-marketing
• States initiate the process of in 585 regulated markets across the
decentralized planning for agriculture country by March 2018.
and allied sectors through preparation
• This innovative market process is
of District Agriculture Plans (DAPs)
revolutionizing agri markets by
and State Agriculture Plan (SAP)
ensuring better price discovery,
based on agro-climatic conditions,
bringing in transparency and
availability of appropriate technology
competition to enable farmers to get
and natural resources to ensure
improved remuneration for their
accommodation of local needs,
produce moving towards ‘One Nation
cropping pattern, priorities etc.
One Market’.
• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
• A target of integrating 400 markets to
(PMFBY) & Restructured Weather
e-NAM had been set for March, 2017
Based Crop Insurance Scheme
against which 455 markets in 13
(RWBCIS) were launched from Kharif
States have been on boarded as on
2016 to provide comprehensive crop
30.6.2017.
insurance coverage from pre-sowing to
post harvest losses against non- • The Soil Health Cards provide
preventable natural risks. information to farmers on nutrient
status of their soil alongwith

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 recommendation on appropriate • Under this scheme, an area of 5 lakh
dosage of nutrients to be applied for acre is targeted to be covered though
improving soil health and its fertility. 10,000 clusters of 50 acre each.

• Launched in 2015, the scheme has • Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana

been introduced to assist State (PMJDY) is a National Mission on
Governments to issue Soil Health Financial Inclusion encompassing an
Cards to all farmers in the country. integrated approach to bring about
comprehensive financial inclusion of
• The Pradhan Mantri Krishi all the households in the country.
Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) is being
implemented to expand cultivated • The plan envisages universal access to
area with assured irrigation, reduce banking facilities with at least one
wastage of water and improve water basic banking account for every
use efficiency. household, financial literacy, access
to credit, insurance and pension
• PMKSY not only focuses on creating facility. In addition, the beneficiaries
sources for assured irrigation, but would get RuPay Debit card having
also creating protective irrigation by inbuilt accident insurance cover of र 1
harnessing rain water at micro level
lakh.
through ‘Jal Sanchay’ and ‘Jal
Sinchan’. • The plan also envisages channeling all
Government benefits (from Centre /
• Micro irrigation is also incentivized
State / Local Body) to the
through subsidy to ensure ‘Per drop-
beneficiaries accounts and pushing
More crop’. The target under micro-
the Direct Benefits Transfer (DBT)
irrigation for the year 2016-17 was 8
scheme of the Union Government.
lakh ha. against which 8.39 lakh ha
have been covered. • Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana -
National Livelihoods Mission
• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
(NRLM) was launched by the Ministry
(PKVY) is being implemented with a
of Rural Development (MoRD),
view to promote organic farming in the Government of India in June 2011.
country.
• The Mission aims at creating efficient
• This will improve soil health and and effective institutional platforms of
organic matter content and increase the rural poor enabling them to
net income of the farmer so as to increase household income through
realise premium prices. sustainable livelihood enhancements
and improved access to financial
services.

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• NRLM has set out with an agenda to • Mission Antyodaya is a convergence
cover 7 Crore rural poor households, framework for measurable effective
across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 outcomes on parameters that
lakh Gram Panchayats and 6 lakh transform lives and livelihoods.
villages in the country through self-
• Real Difference comes about through
managed Self Help Groups (SHGs)
Convergence as it alone
and federated institutions and
simultaneously addresses multi
support them for livelihoods
dimensions of poverty. Professionals,
collectives in a period of 8-10 years.
Institutions and Enterprises make it
• Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan possible.
(RGSA), is launched for developing
governance capabilities of Panchayati
Raj Institutions (PRIs) to deliver on
the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).

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