CE 495

DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES

Course Outcomes

Course Outcomes
Be able to design connections
Be able to design wood diaphragms
Lesson Outcomes
Recognize the types of nails used in wood structural connections
Be able to apply the yield limit equations to nailed connections
Be able to apply adjustment factors to nailed connections
Nails

(And several Appendix chapters)

Nails

Nail characteristics:
• Head
• Shank
• Point
• Material
• Surface
Nails

https://www.awc.org/pdf/education/std/AWC-STD120-2018NDSChanges-171214.pdf (slide 42)

Nails

https://www.awc.org/pdf/education/std/AWC-STD120-2018NDSChanges-171214.pdf (slide 43)

Nails

Basic Types:
• Common nails and spikes
• Box nails
• Sinker nails
• Threaded hardened-steel
nails
• Post-frame ring shank
(annularly threaded) nails

Low carbon
Heat-treated high carbon steel
Nails
Nails
NDS Appendix L (Typical Dimensions for Dowel-Type Fasteners and Washers)
Nails
NDS Appendix L (Typical Dimensions for Dowel-Type Fasteners and Washers)
Power-Driven Fasteners
Power-Driven Fasteners
Nails

https://www.awc.org/pdf/education/std/AWC-STD120-2018NDSChanges-171214.pdf (slide 41)

Power-Driven Fasteners
Yield Limit Equations for Nails
Yield Limit Equations for Nails

Nail penetration Bearing strength of cold-

formed steel:
6 1.375

Length of tapered nail tip: 2D

Subtract ½ tapered length
Yield Limit Equations for Nails

Low carbon
130.4 213.9
steel nails
Survey-based formulas for Fyb
high carbon
1.3 130.4 213.9
steel nails
Yield Limit Equations for Nails
NDS Appendix I
NDS Chapter 11 – Nailed connection reference design values

Table 12N: Single shear connections

(2 wood members)
Table 12P: Single shear connections (1
wood, 1 steel member)
Table 12Q,R: Single shear
connections (1 wood, 1 structural
wood panel member)
Table 12S: Single shear connections
(2 wood members)
Table 12T: Single shear connections (1
wood, 1 steel member)
Common, box or sinker nails
Post frame ring shank nails
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails

Base Conditions
Load is normal (10-year) duration.
Wood is initially dry at the time of fabrication of a connection and
remains dry in service.
Temperature range is normal.
Penetration of nail is at least 6 fastener diameters.
Nail is driven into the side grain of the main (holding) member.
Nail is not part of a diaphragm or shearwall nailing
Nail is not driven as a toenail.
If base conditions are met, Z’ = Z (for ASD)
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails

ASD ! "# $

Ceg = end grain factor

Cdi = diaphragm factor
Ctn = toenail factor

LRFD $ $ %& λ ! "# $

$ ()

() 3.32 %& 0.65

Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails

Side grain

End grain

! 0.67
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails

The diaphragm factor, Cdi, applies only to nails that attach

structural panels to framing members. It is incorporated into
the SDPWS tables.
Adjustment Factors for Laterally Loaded Nails

Toenails

$ 0.83
Lateral loads

+ cos 30
cos 30 cos 30