Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

ENGLISH 5

Let’s Distinguish Them!

Quarter 2 Module 2
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Compose Clear and Coherent Sentences Using
Appropriate Grammatical Structures-
MODALS

1
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks
that will distract you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions
below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every
page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the
lessons. Writing enhances learning, which is important to develop
and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the module.
 Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills
that you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the
lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking
and other competencies. This can be done with or without a partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications
of the lessons.
 Checking Your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from
the lesson.
 Post Test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module
 Compose Clear and Coherent
Lesson
Sentences Using Appropriate
1 Grammatical Structures-
MODALS

EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to:
A. differentiate sentences that express ability, inability,
permission, prohibition, obligation, and possibility;
B. identify modals of ability, inability, permission,
prohibition, obligation, possibility; and
C. compose clear and coherent sentences
D. use appropriate modals.

Let us start your journey in learning more on composing clear and

coherent sentences using appropriate modals. I am sure you are ready and
excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Identify the modal in each sentence. Tell whether each modal
expresses ability, inability, permission, prohibition, obligation, and
possibility. Write your answers on the space provided.
Example: might- possibility Joe might come to our party next weekend.
1. ____________ I can interpret a written statement through drawing.
2. ____________ You should always come to school on time.
3. ____________ You must not smoke in public places.
4. ____________ Can I use your phone please?
5. ____________ My brother couldn’t buy expensive clothes for himself.
6. ____________ I have to submit my project on time.
7. ____________ May I use your phone please?
8. ____________ I could run fast when I was younger.
9. ____________ We must adjust to the current situation.
10.____________ I might not be able to accommodate you on Sunday.

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator
to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Verbs that need another verb are called MODALS. They are also called
helping verbs that denote intention or feeling of the speaker. Examples of
modals are may, will/won’t, can/can’t, must/ mustn’t, could/couldn’t,
ought to, have to/ need to, and others. Modals are generally used with the
base form of the verb. We use modals to show if we believe something is
certain, probable, or possible (or not). We also use modals to talk about
ability, asking permission, giving suggestions, prohibition, advice, order,
making requests, and offers, and so on.

In this lesson, you will learn how you can use words to show ability
or inability, express permission, prohibition, obligation, and possibility.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Grammatically, modal verbs behave in a different way from ordinary verbs.

Let’s study the following:

 Modals to express inability—We use modal verbs can’t, couldn’t, and

won’t be able to + verb infinitive to talk about inability to do something.
My best friend can’t come to my birthday party.
My sister couldn’t play the piano when she was five.
I’m afraid I won’t be able to beat the deadline.

 Modals to express ability-- We use the modal verbs can, could and will
be able to + verb infinitive to talk about ability to do something. We
use can when we speak about general ability in the present. We
use could when we speak about general ability in the past. We use will
be able to when we speak about general ability in future form.
 James can speak French fluently.
 I could swim when I was six.
 The host family will be able to accommodate a hundred
guests tomorrow.
 Modals to express permission—We use modal verbs can, could, or may
+ verb (base form) to ask or give permission in the sense of being allowed
to do something.
 We often use can to ask for and give permission.
Can I stay here for a while?
You can use my phone if you like.
Can I offer you something?

 We also use could to ask for permission (but not to give it). Could is more
formal and polite than can.

Could I ask you something?

Could I interrupt for a moment?
Could I borrow your book later, please?

 May is the most formal way to ask for and give permission.
May I read your new composition, please?
Customers may request a refund within a period of 30 days.
These illustrations may be used as sample.
The polite answers using may are as follows:
Yes, you may. No, you may not.
 Modals to express prohibition—We use modals can’t, couldn’t, or
mustn’t + verb (base form) to express that someone or something is
prohibited or not permitted nor allowed.
 Cannot/can’t

We use can't to talk about something that is against the rules,

particularly when we didn't make the rules.

What does this sign say? Oh, we can't park here.

You can't take photos in the museum. They're really strict about it.
Sorry, we can't sell liquors to minors.

 could not/ couldn’t

She couldn’t believe how successful the show was.

He simply couldn’t stay longer during meetings.

I couldn’t say no to my parents’ request.

 must not/mustn't
We use must not to talk about what is not permitted. It is common on

public signs and notices informing people of rules and laws.

Visitors must not park in the employee’s car park.

Baggage must not be left unattended.
Barangay residents must not make noise beyond 10 p.m.
  Modals to express obligation—We use modals have to + infinitive, must
+ infinitive and should + infinitive to express obligation.

Present Positive Negative

Have to or strong obligation (possibly from no obligation

need to outside) I don't have to work on a daily
Children have to go to school. basis.
don't have to (sometimes 'have got to')
or don’t need We need to get between 7 to 8 You don't need to pressure
to hours of sleep per night. yourself on this matter.

must / strong obligation (possibly negative obligation

mustn't based on the speaker's You mustn't standby here.
opinion)
I must take responsibility on
this issue.

should / mild negative obligation or

mild obligation or advice
shouldn't advice
You should use time wisely.
You shouldn't smoke so much.

 Modals to express possibility—We use modal verbs may, might, and

could + verb (base form) to talk about possibility or to express
uncertainty in the past, present and future situations. We use modal
verbs may not, might not, or could not in the negative form.
This situation may soften your heart and turn back to Him.
Listen to me! The culprit might come again.
Don’t eat that mushroom. It could be poisonous.
I may not see my friend anymore after that incident.
I’m afraid, you might not trust again.
They will worry if you could not go back on time.

ACTIVITIES
A. Can Could, Should May, and Might
Choose the appropriate modal verb inside the parenthesis to complete each
sentence below. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. They (can/might) ________ be away this weekend but I'm not sure.
 2. You (may/might) ________ leave now if you wish.
3. (Could/May) ________ you open the window a bit, please?
4. He (can/could) ________ be a Filipino, judging by his accent.
5. (May/Can) ________ you play the piano?
6. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) ________ be a sunny day.
7. You (can/might) ________ be right but I'm going to check anyway.
8. The exam (can/might) ________ be easy. You never know.
9. I (can/might) ________ play the guitar for sure.
10. We (could/ should) ________ always obey our parents.
B. Choose the appropriate modal to complete each sentence.
11. Listen, please. Strictly, you (should not/don’t need to) ________ speak
during the exam.
12. A person with illness (won’t be able to/couldn’t) ________ do strenuous
activities.
13. You (couldn't/might not) ________ smoke on the bus.
14. The trip (may not/ might not) be early so be ready to adjust.
15. We (couldn't/might not) ________ turn back the hands of time.

REMEMBER
Complete the statements by writing the correct word/s based on the lesson
learned.

1. Verbs that need another verb are called _________. They are also
called auxiliary (helping) verbs.
2. Modals are used to express: __________, inability __________, prohibition,
__________, and possibility.
3. Modal verbs that express what one is able or capable to do is called modals
of __________.
4. Modals of __________ give consent or allow someone to do something.
5. Modals of ___________ express restrictions. It prevents someone to do a task.
6. When one expresses a strong obligation, the modals __________, _________,
_________ are used in sentences.
7. We use modals ___________, ___________, and ___________ + verb (base form)
to express that someone or something is prohibited or not permitted nor
allowed.
8. Modal verbs may, might, and could + verb (base form) are used to express
___________.
9. We use the modal verbs can, could and will be able to + verb __________ to
talk about ability to do something.
10. We use the ___________ form of the verb with modals may, might, and could
to talk about possibility or to express uncertainty.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

You Can Do It!
Are you a bully or a victim of bullying?
 Bullying hurts. Being a victim of any kind of bullying feels really bad. So you
may know, bullying refers to any severe, or repeated use by one or more students of
a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a physical act or gesture, or any
combination thereof, directed at another student that has the effect of actually
causing or placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or
damage to his property," among others. It may happen in school or community.
What can you contribute to reduce the number of Child Bullying cases in
your school or community? Write a paragraph using modals of ability, inability,
permission, prohibition, obligation, and/ or possibility. Always observe the
mechanics in writing such as margin, indention, capitalization, punctuations,
grammar, spelling, etc.

POST TEST
Fill in the blanks with the correct modals of ability/ inability, permission,
prohibition, obligation, and possibility. Choose your answer from the given choices
inside the parentheses.

1. I _____________ (must, have to, should) do something to save my reputation

before it gets really bad. (obligation)
2. ____________ (can, could, may) I visit you on weekend? (permission)
3. My daughter ___________ (can, could, will be able to) already walk when she
was 10 months old. (ability)
4. The clouds are heavy and dark. It _________ (may, might, could) rain
anytime. (possibility)
5. Anyone __________ (can’t, couldn’t, mustn’t) take away someone else’s life
intentionally. (prohibition)

ASSESSMENT
Identify the modal in each of the following sentences and tell what each modal
expresses. Write ability, inability, permission, prohibition, obligation, and
possibility on the blank provided before each number.

Example: Could –possibility Your daughter is really smart. She could be very
successful someday.

__________ 1. Everybody needs to stay fit and healthy.

__________ 2. Sorry, we can’t just let you go.
__________ 3. You shouldn’t let anybody abuse your right.
__________ 4. Of course, you may join us tonight.
__________ 5. When I was young, I couldn’t sleep without my mother beside me.
__________ 6. Anyone can speak their native language fluently.
__________ 7. My sister couldn’t play the piano when she was five.
__________ 8. I might transfer my children to a public school after the crisis.
__________ 9. Customers may request a refund within a period of 30 days.
__________ 10. We must stay home during the quarantine period.
REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name: _______________________Grade and Sec.______________

Directions: Write a reflective learning on modals by answering the

questions inside the box. You may express your answers in a more
critical and creative presentation of your great learning. Have fun
and enjoy!

This lesson What learnings have I What other example

guides me to reflect found from this can I contribute
on… lesson? to explore
and think more?

What learnings can What good What is my

I share with my character have I conclusion on the
family and peers? developed from this lesson?
lesson?
References:
https://pdf4pro.com/view/can-could-may-and-might-exercise-ab62a.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation.html

https://englishwithatwist.com/2014/07/14/english-grammar-pill-modal-verbs-
part-2-how-to-use-modal-verbs-of-obligation-necessityprohibition-and-advice/

https://test-english.com/explanation/b2/modal-verbs-permission-obligation-
prohibition-necessity/

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upper-
intermediate/modals-permission-and-obligation

https://www.turtlediary.com/lesson/modal-verbs-and-their-functions.html
https://7esl.com/modals-of-ability/

https://www.google.com/search?q=are+you+a+bully+or+victim+of+bullying&oq=ar
e+you+a+bully+or+victim+of+bullying&aqs=chrome..69i57j33.14247j0j7&sourceid=
chrome&ie=UTF-8

Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendentent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V

Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Vicente M. Victorio Jr.
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID-LRMS Librarian II: Hannah C. Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editor/s: Ayla B. Urrea, PSDS, Felisa R. Magsico, MTII, Melonah Joy Sison, MT II

Writer/s: Vivian G. Pingad, MT II

PRETEST
couldn’t 15.
1. Can-ability might not 14.
2. Should-obligation couldn’t 13.
3. Must-obligation couldn’t 12.
4. Can-permission should not B. 11.
5. Couldn’t-inability
10. should
6. Have to- 9. can
obligation 8. might
7. May-permission 7. might
8. Could-ability 6. could
9. Must-obligation 5. can
10.Might-possibility 4. could
3. could
2. may
A. 1. might
ACTIVITY
CHECKING YOUR
REMEMBER UNDERSTANDING Reflective:
1. modals Answers vary Answers vary
2. ability,
permission, ASSESSMENT:
obligation POSTTEST
3. ability 1. needs to-
4. permission 1. must obligation
5. prohibition 2. could 2. can’t-inability
6. must, should, 3. must 3. shouldn’t-
have to 4. won’t be able to obligation
7. can’t, couldn’t, 5. couldn’t 4. may-permission
mustn’t 6. could 5. couldn’t-inability
8. possibility 7. must 6. can-ability
9. infinitive 8. can 7. couldn’t-inability
10.base form 9. might 8. might-possibility
10.mustn’t 9. may-permission
10.must-obligation