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ST. JOSEPH’S INSTITUTE, INC.

Candon City, Ilocos Sur
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SY: 2020-2021

𝐼 𝒸❀𝓊𝓁𝒹
𝒶𝓃𝒹
𝐼 𝓌♡𝓊𝓁𝒹❢
EXPLORING THE USES OF
MODALS

MISS CHERRY MAE J. GAPATAN

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CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS
Life Performance Outcome (LPO)

I am mindful, self-directed learner and role model, consciously expressing my faith.

Program Outcome (PO)

Accurately and idiomatically use globally understood English to express and write the ideas,
principles, and events that influence their worldview and enhance their lives and career
opportunities

Essential Program Outcome (EPO)

Describe and explain the new abilities they have developed as the result of self-initiated
learning experiences and projects.

Content Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding of how Anglo-American literature and other text
types serve as means of enhancing the self; also how to use processing, assessing,
summarizing information, word derivation and formation strategies, appropriate word
order, punctuation marks and interjections to enable him/her to participate actively in a
speech choir.

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Express permission, obligation, and prohibition using modals.

Intended Learning Outcomes (Objectives)

 Demonstrate understanding on the use of modals by giving correct sentences

 Understand the usage of modals by answering the given activities correctly
 Formulate sentences using modals
 Use modals in expressing permission, obligation and prohibition
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Verbs are used to express statements of fact, or what is

considered to be a fact, or what is intended or expected
to become a fact. This module is about modal verbs
which are part of the larger category called auxiliary
verbs. Modals are used to state nonfactual concepts like
permission, obligation and prohibition. You use modals
in constructing sentences most of the time but in this
module, you will learn and differentiate its usage in
sentence construction.

You are encouraged to write in excellence and creativity throughout this

lesson. Mindful students like you are self-directed and motivated to learn
new things every day. The lesson about modal verbs and its uses is another
step closer in developing yourself.

1. Read and follow instructions.

2. Read and understand the curriculum connections.
3. Follow the instructions in taking the pretest.
4. Perform all the activities asked.
5. Take the tests at the end of the lesson to determine how much you
understood.
6. Take the post test.
NOTE: BE MINDFUL, SELF-DIRECTED LEARNER AND ROLE
MODEL IN TAKING ALL THE ACTIVITIES.
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Modal Verbs: Short answers. Supply each blank with the correct modals.
Choose from the following modals: have to, don’t have to, can, can’t,
should, shouldn’t, will, and won’t to complete each sentence.
Example:
A. Can you come for a coffee after the meeting?
B. No, I can’t. I’m sorry. I have to do things at home.
A. It is okay. I will just go straight at home.

A. Do I need to pay for the meal today?

B. No, you __________. The meal is on me today.
A. Thank you! I appreciate it. Next time, it _______ be my treat.

A. Should I call you before I go?

B. Yes, you _________. I need to make sure you don’t forget
anything.
A. I surely _______.

A. Can I leave my luggage in your place?

B. Yes, you _________. Just don’t forget to take your money.
A. I understand that I _______ take it with me.

A. Do I need to write my educational background?

B. Yes, you _________. You can get a better job.
A. I see. I ______ consider that.

A. Should I study more on English grammar?

B. Yes, you _________. It will help you boost your confidence.
C. I __________ even be asking that, right? It is a must.
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Modal verbs are part of auxiliary verbs. They have meanings of their own, and
they are also used to form negatives and question. Unlike other verbs, modal verbs
cannot stand without another (main) verb. Modals are followed by infinitives
without to.

Modals have more than one meaning. Grouping them as to how they are used
makes them easier to remember. Here are some of them:
A, 1. Obligation: must, have to, be to, should, ought to
Use must in
- Emphasizing intention:
I must go home early today.
We must submit on or before the deadline.
- Expressing a necessary action:
You must switch off the machine after use.
I must wash the dishes when everyone is finished eating.
- Describing a duty:
Students must study their lessons well to have a quality
education.
The policemen must know the law in order for them to enforce
it.
- Giving an order:
You must stand straight and give a salute!
Take your things and you must get out of here as soon as
possible!
- Giving a recommendation:
You must review and apply the given formula to understand it
better.
You must consider taking a break after this stressful week.
Use have to in
- Giving a rule:
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You have to wear your school uniform inside the school.

Students have to follow the school handbook.
- Expressing necessary action:
We have to leave at 5:00 pm to catch the last bus.
I have to brush my teeth after eating
NOTE: Must or have to are both possible in many contexts.
Have/has got to can be used informally instead of have to.

Be to is a formal way of saying must in instructions:

All performers are to stay at the backstage.
You are not to begin until instructed to do so.
Should expresses obligation and is also used to give advice. There is no difference
between should and ought to. In formal writing, should is a polite form of must.
Should is also used to express what is the right thing to do.
All students should attend the flag ceremony at 7:15 am.
People should learn to reuse, reduce and restore.
We ought to find other ways to save Mother Earth.
Parents ought to educate their household workers at home.
Should have and ought to have are used when we think someone has made a
mistake or done something wrong in the past. It also indicates an obligation which
was not carried out.
We ought to have segregated our trash many years ago. (we didn’t do it)
We shouldn’t have thrown solid and chemical wastes into the water. (we did
j do it)
We should have practiced the 4Rs and trained our children to be earth- n
n friendly. (but we didn’t do it)
The negative form of necessity is expressed by negative forms of have to.
You must study this lesson today.
You don’t have to study this lesson today.
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Don’t have to shows that there is no obligation. One can do something if he/she
wants but it is not an obligation.
You don’t have to be in gown, but it would be nice.
Students don’t have to buy new sets of uniforms every school opening.

A. 2. Obligation or necessity: need, need to

Need is a modal verb so it has no third person form. It is used for questions
and negatives. It has the same meaning as have to:
a. You need not hide from our parents what you’re going through.
You don’t have to hide from your parents what you’re going through.
b. Mother need not know this matter, she needs to prove herself.
Need to (non-modal) is a normal verb.
Your parents need to be informed about this matter.
Do they really need to go through this interrogation?

Didn’t need to describes a past situation where something happened, or was

done, but was not necessary.
a. We didn’t need to hold another party for our pet.

Needn’t have done describes a past situation where something happened, or

was done, but it was not necessary
a. .You needn’t have bought a new wheelchair. The hospital gave him one.
B. Permission: can, could, may, might
Can is often used to ask and express permission, especially in colloquial
speech, in spite of the efforts of the schools to restrict the expression of
permission to may.
You can stay as long as you want.
Can I take some medicine?

Could is used in polite requests.

Could I leave early today, please?
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Could I open the side windows?

May is used for permission in formal usage. I is also used for possibility. It
refers to present or future time.
You may come in now.
You may pay us a visit nest month.

NOTE: Can is the most direct of the three, could is more formal and tentative, and
may is the most formal.

Might is used for permission and possibility in past tense sequences.

He might return at any time.
She said we might leave early.
NOTE: Might has more tentative meaning. It is very formal and is rarely used:
Might I ask you a question?

C. Prohibition: cannot, must not, may not, do not, could not, might not
The negative forms cannot/can’t and may not are used to express prohibitions.
I’m sorry but you can’t loiter here.
The student leaders may not join in the party campaign.
Must not is used to express what is not allowed.
You must not take anything out of the laboratory.
You mustn’t stay in campus beyond curfew hours.
Do not have to is used for what is not necessary.
The maintenance department does not have to provide services at b b
b night.
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Read the essay and underline the all the modals you can find from it. Above the
underlined modal, write how the modal was used, it could be an obligation,
permission or prohibition.

Periods

I am an adolescent, too old to be a child, too young to be an adult. I am

going through all kinds of changes-physical, social and emotional- while

bearing with constant reminders. Here are the latest ones: You should put

your cellphone in silent mode during class hours. You should not disregard

your schedule; manage your time well. You should spend more time on your

studies, not with your clique. You should not stay up late; it is hard to

concentrate when you do not have enough sleep. At times, I want to talk back,

but I realize these reminders sound better now. My parents are aware that I

know what should be done: I just don’t do them very well. Adults have high

standards.

When I was young, I loved my parents’ nods, claps, and hugs, and hated

their frowns and their ridiculous sad faces. Then, they started to verbalize

their actions: Do not eat vegetables. Don’t speak when your mouth is full. Do

say “please” and “may I.” Don’t take what is not yours. I obeyed what they said,

except the part about eating veggies-I froze, I choked, I cried-until I heard the

beautiful words “You may eat what you like.” There was a shift in my preschool

years: You can speak well but you need to practice writing. You can play
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basketball but you can’t go out in the rain. For keeping your place clean, you

can have an extra scoop of ice cream. My teacher was very kind!

The grade school teachers ushered in rules and commands that were

irritating at times: Be considerate-you must not keep the school bus waiting.

You must submit your requirements on time or yours will be given the lowest

grade. My parents would regularly chime in too: You must maintain your grade

to qualify for the scholarship. There was always a risk that came with must

and I was able to avoid each of them. They made me do better.

Now, I am excited to be an adult and to go out in the big world. Then I

too can give my own reminders-or probably reword those I grew up with!
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A. Read each sentence carefully and fill the blanks with the appropriate modal

verbs.

Example: Jonathan can ski really well and he often wins his races.

1. I _______ go to the party but I'm still not sure.

2. I think you _______ go out more and meet new people.

3. You _______ come with us if you don't want to.

4. This is a secret between you and me, so we _______ tell anyone.

5. It's dangerous to go into deep water if you _______ swim.

6. I feel miserable so I _______ stay at home tonight.

7. I _______ go out later with my parents but I don't really know.

8. All passengers _______ remain in their seats and 9. ______ use their

mobile phones.

10. _______ you please phone me in the evening?

11.To get a driving license you _______ be over 18.

12.You _______ wear a uniform when you're in the army.

13. You _______ come with me. I can handle it alone.

14. She _______ come with us because she's broken her leg.

15.I asked my superior if I _______ absent tomorrow.

16. We decided that we _______ pursue the wedding.

17.My dog _______ eat everything you give to it.

18. Elle _______ obey her parents.

19. I _______ finish my assignment tonight.

20. I _______ force someone to love me.

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B. Look at these signs and write down the rules and regulations they give. Use
modals verbs in your answers.

1. 2.
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
______________________________ _______________________________

3. 4.
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
______________________________ _______________________________

______________________________
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______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
5.
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C. Write an essay about your life during this time of a pandemic. Use what
you have learned about modals in your essay. It should consist of 3
paragraphs. Be creative.
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Read each question carefully and write your answers on the space provided. Write
your answers in 4 -5 sentences only.

1. How important are modals in your every day living?

_____________________________________________________________
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2. How do modals help you express yourself better to become a mindful and
self-directed learner?
_____________________________________________________________
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3. Make your own quotation using modals. Your quotation should contain
motivational content.
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__________________________________________________________
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Gonzales, C. T., Sim, A. T., Bigornia, A. M., Valencia, A. C., & De Vera, E. C. (2015). Essential
English. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

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CARITAS
CRISTI Approved by:

SISTER NELA A. RAMIREZ, SPC

URGET
School Directress

NOS
Prepared by: Checked by:

MISS CHERRY MAE J. GAPATAN MRS. MA. TERESA G. PASION

Subject teacher ATL - English