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Rasmi Soltani
Regional centre for Agriculture research, Sidi Bouzid
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Rasmi Soltani, Centre Régional de Recherches Agricoles de Sidi Bouzid, 9100 Sidi
Bouzid, Université de Kairouan, Tunisie
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ABSTRACT
Soltani, R. 2012. Laboratory rearing of immature stages of Oryctes agamemnon arabicus under
three constant temperatures. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 7: 35-42.
Oryctes agamemnon arabicus was a new exotic species signalled in the oasis of southwest Tunisia
since 1995 where it was specifically associated to date palm. Few bibliographies on the biology of the
species exist in the world. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the development of immature stages of
this pest under laboratory conditions at three temperatures 23, 27 and 30°C. Results concerning the
development of immature stages showed that means duration of the incubation period, the total larval
development and pupa were 14.16 ± 1.69, 227.62 ± 15.79, and 24.29 ± 2.75 days at 23°C, 11.84 ± 1.3,
199.2 ± 12.32, and 22.27 ± 1.92 days at 27°C, and 9.49 ± 1.17, 222.39 ± 10.43, and 21.16 ± 1.85 days
at 30°C, respectively. These facts indicated that O. agamemnon arabicus accomplished its total
immature stage development in 266.18 ± 15.96 days at 23°C, 229.93 ± 10.35 days at 27°C, and 253.03
± 10.94 days at 30°C.
Keywords: Date palm, life cycle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus, rearing, temperature.
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The infertile eggs are recognizable The larval period relative to each
four days after oviposition by their color temperature varied between minimum
turning on brownish and their aspect and maximum of 193-274, 173-228 and
becoming dry and shriveled. However, 201-245 days at 23, 27 and 30°C,
alive eggs changed their volume respectively, with respective means of
progressively and their color initially 227.62 ± 15.79, 199.2 ± 12.32 and 222.39
white tends to transparence when ± 10.43 days (Figure 1). Statistical
hatching approached. The registered analysis revealed the existence of a
hatching rates were 87.14% at 23°C, 87% significant difference between these
at 27°C and 88.33% at 30°C. These periods of development under the
results showed a high rate of fertility different temperatures; means were
under these different temperatures. separated into two subsets i.e. 23°C/30°C
and 27°C.
Larval development. The mean Advanced interpretation of these
duration of the first and the second larval results revealed that the third larval stage
stages were illustrated in Table 1. dominates both the larval development
Statistical analysis using the one-way and the total development of immature
ANOVA reveal the presence of a stages. In fact, it represented 61.88%,
significant differences for the second 59.35% and 63.78% of larval
larval stage only; the relative means were development and 52.92%, 51.42% and
classified in three distinct subsets based 56.06% of immature stages duration at
on the LSD-test (Table 1). 23°C, 27°C and 30°C, respectively.
The third larval stage completed Before achieving the pre-pupae
its development in 140.85 ± 15.23, 199.2 stage, larvae migrate deeply inside the
± 12.32 and 141.84 ± 11.78 days at 23°C, substrate and reduce progressively their
27°C and 30°C, respectively. Analysis of feeding activity. Their migration was
variance showed significant differences stopped by the basal and lateral inner
between these periods (Table 1). The use sides of the box, which is hard and
of LSD-test permitted the classification of difficult to perforate, stimulating, thus,
temperature means into two subsets as the entry to pre-pupal stage. In fact, each
follows: 23°C/30°C and 27°C. larva kept its position inside the room
Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 38 Vol. 7, No. 1, 2012
situated at the extremity of its feeding ± 2.86 days at 27°C and 15.84 ± 2.72
tunnel, repels the substrate using its legs days at 30°C.
and compresses it using its abdominal
extremity; by this way, walls of the room Pupa. Pupa took minimum and
became more cemented and compact. The maximum period of 19-29, 18-27 and 17-
volume of the room was estimated to four 25 days at 23°C, 27°C and 30°C,
times the volume of the larva. At the end, respectively. The use of ANOVA-test
larva gains a dorsal position; the legs reveals a significant difference between
suspended in the air and initiate the pre- the registered periods which were divided
pupal period. into three subsets based on the LSD test
(Table 1).
Pre-pupa. Pre-pupa constitute an The total mean durations of
intermediate pseudo-stage between the immature stages relative to each
larval life and pupa. In fact, larvae which temperature were illustrated in Figure 1
gain a dorsal position become sluggish with larval development. It shows a total
wrinkled with suspended feeding and domination of larval development as
movement (legs in air). The duration of compared to the other stages (Table 1);
this pseudo-stage was not noticed in the relative percentage of this duration
Table 1; it was merged with the duration ranged between 85.51% and 87.89%
of third stage. However, it lasted on under these temperatures. Analysis of
average 17.91 ± 2.45 days at 23°C, 15.86 variance showed a significant difference
between these periods (Figure 1).
300
a
c
a
250 a b
b
Duration (days)
200
23°C
150
27°C
100 30°C
50
0
Larval Development Complete Cycle
Fig. 1. Duration of the larval development and the complete cycle of immature stages of Oryctes agamemnon
arabicus recorded under three constant temperatures (Means of the same group followed by the same letter (a, b
or c) are not significantly different according to the LSD test (at P ≤ 0.05)).
Oryctes agamemnon arabicus est une espèce exotique qui a été signalée pour la première fois dans les
oasis du sud ouest de la Tunisie en 1995 et où elle se trouve inféodée au palmier dattier. Peu de
bibliographies sur la biologie de l’espèce existent à travers le monde. D’où, l’objectif de ce travail est
d’étudier le développement des stades immatures de l’espèce sous les conditions du laboratoire et à
trois températures constantes 23, 27 et 30°C. Les résultats concernant le développement des stades
immatures montrent que les durées moyennes obtenues pour la période d’incubation, le développement
larvaire complet et la nymphose sont de 14.16 ± 1.69, 227.62 ± 15.79 et 24.29 ± 2.75 jours à 23°C, de
11.84 ± 1.3, 199.2 ± 12.32 et 22.27 ± 1.92 jours à 27°C et de 9.49 ± 1.17, 222.39 ± 10.43 et 21.16 ±
1.85 jours à 30°C. Ces résultats indiquent qu’O. agamemnon arabicus accomplit son cycle de
développement jusqu’à l’émergence du stade imago en une durée moyenne de 266.18 ± 15.96 jours à
23°C, 229.93 ± 10.35 jours à 27°C et 253.03 ± 10.94 jours à 30°C.
Mots clés: Cycle de vie, élevage, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus, palmier dattier, température
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ﻣﻠﺨﺺ
ﺗﺤﺖ ﺛﻼث،Oryctes agamemnon arabicus اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎء وﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﻘﺮن.2012 . رﺳﻤﻲ،ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻲ
Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 7: 35-42. .درﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ
ﻼ أﺷﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ وﺟﻮدﻩ ﻓﻲ واﺣﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻮب ً ﻧﻮﻋًﺎ دﺧﻴOryctes agamemnon arabicus آﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻨﻔﺴﺎء وﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﻘﺮن
وﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﺄن. ﺣﻴﺚ ارﺗﺒﻂ وﺟﻮدهﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻨﺨﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ1995 اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻨﺔ
ﻓﺈن اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ هﻮ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻵﻓﺔ، ﻟﺬا.ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻧﺎدرة اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ
ﺑﻴﻨﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن ﻣﻌﺪل ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﻀﺎﻧﺔ.س°30 و27 و23 :ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﻼث درﺟﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮارة
ﻳﻮﻣﺎ2.75 ± 24.29 و15.79 ± 227.62 و1.69 ± 14.16 واﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻴﺮﻗﺎت واﻟﻌﺬارى آﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ
± 222.39 و1.17 ± 9.49 س و°27 ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ1.92 ± 22.27 و12.32 ± 199.2 و3.1 ± 11.84 س و°23 ﻓﻲ
وﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أﻳﻀﺎ إﻟﻰ أن ﻓﺘﺮة ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻃﻮار ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻨﻔﺴﺎء ﺗﺪوم.س°30 ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ1.85 ± 21.16 و10.43
ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ10.94 ± 253.03 س و°27 ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ10.35 ± 229.93 س و°23 ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ15.96 ± 266.18 ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل
.س°30
Oryctes agamemnon arabicus ، ﻧﺨﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺮ، دورة ﺣﻴﺎة، درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ، ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ:آﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ
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