Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Arts and Sciences

Natural Science Department
GENERAL ZOOLOGY 1 LABORATORY

NAME: __________________________________ DATE: ____________________

COURSE YEAR & SECTION: ___________________ PROFESSOR: _______________

EXERCISE NO. 15
THE URINARY STRUCTURES
The urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and associated
structures. The functions of the urinary system include maintaining extracellular fluid balance, excreting
wastes, and maintaining blood pH

I. Objective:
 Identify the major organs of the urinary system and find them in model or charts
 Describe the gross anatomical features of the kidney and identify them in figures,
models and specimens.
 Describe the features of the nephron and locate them in figures and models

II. Materials:
 Atlas of human anatomy
 Anatomy and physiology book
 Dissectible models of kidney
 Fresh mammalian kidney
 Dissection tools and tray

III. Procedure:

A. The Kidney model

 Locate these features of the human kidney on a model or chart of a frontal section

1. Locate the hilum and renal capsule from this perspective

2. Identify these structures located just within the hilum:

 Renal sinus – a fat filled cavity
 Renal pelvis – a wide section of the urinary channel, distal to the ureters
 Calyces – branches of the pelvis, they extend from the kidney tissue proper

3. The kidney tissue proper is divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla, as is the tissue
of many organs. Renal pyramids are cone shaped sections of tissue lying mostly within the
medulla. Each appears as a triangle in a frontal section. Each is composed of collecting ducts
that conduct urine toward the papilla, which is surrounded by the end of calyx.

B. The Nephron model

1. Locate the main features of the nephron and associated structures in a model or chart.
 Renal corpuscle
 Proximal convulated tubule
 Loop of Henle
 Distal convulated tubule

URINARY SYSTEM
A. Label all the organs of the urinary system 20pts
B. label all the parts of the Kidney 20pts

C. Label all the parts of a nephron: 20pts

IV. A. Questions: 20pts
(Use another sheet of paper for your answer)

1. Name the structures that make up the urinary system. List the functions of the urinary system

2. What structures that surround the kidney?

3. What is the functional unit of the kidney? Name its parts

4. What are the functions of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra? Describe their structure.

5. Name and describe the three general processes that are involved in the production of urine.

B. Put in order: 20pts

 Arrange the following structures in the order in which substances flow through urinary
system, beginning with the site of filtration:
a. ascending limb of the loop of henle g. proximal convoluted tubule
b. bowmans capsule h. renal pelvis
c. calyces i. ureters
d. collecting duct j. urethra
e. descending limb of the loop of henle k. urinary bladder
f. distal convoluted tubule

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