Name: Canales, Daniella Ruth C.

Date:

Course/Year/Sec: BSNursing 1YA1

Teacher: Doc. Bernard S. Balatbat

EXERCISE NO. 13

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

GIO: Study the organs involved in the excretory system.

SIO.

1. Identify the parts and functions of the nephron.

- The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Each kidney consists of millions of nephron which
plays a significant role in the filtration and purification of blood. The nephron is divided into two
portions, namely, the glomerulus and the renal tubule and helps in the removal of excess waste from
the body.

2. Explain the formation of dilute versus concentrated urine.

- When the kidney generates free water, the urine becomes dilute (hypo-osmotic). Conversely, when the
kidney removes water from an isosmotic fluid, the urine becomes concentrated (hyperosmotic).

3. Define micturition and describe the micturition reflex.

- When smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder stretches, the micturition reflex (urination) is triggered.
Urine produced in the kidneys travels down the ureters into the urinary bladder. The bladder expands
like an elastic sac to hold more urine. As it reaches capacity, the process of micturition, or urination,
begins.

4. Draw and label the following parts of the kidney

a. renal cortex
b. medullary pyramids

c. renal columns of Bertini

d. minor calyces

e. major calyces
f. renal pelvis

5. Enumerate the different anatomical constrictions of the ureter.

- The ureter has a diameter of 3 mm 1 but there are three constrictions, which are the most common
sites of renal calculus obstruction: at the pelviureteric junction (PUJ) of the renal pelvis and the ureter at
the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) as the ureter obliquely enters the bladder wall.

6. Illustrate the different parts of the urinary bladder and urethra in the male.

7. Label the parts of the nephron and with the use of colored arrows, identify the site of filtration
(black), reabsorption (blue) and secretion (red).