Name: Nakamura Aina Nicole C.

Course/Year/Sec:ANPH111 BSN 1 YA 15

EXERCISE NO. 13

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

GIO: Study the organs involved in the excretory system.

SIO

1. Identify the parts and functions of the nephron.

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Each kidney consists of millions of nephron
which plays a significant role in the filtration and purification of blood. The nephron is divided
into two portions, namely, the glomerulus and the renal tubule and helps in the removal of
excess waste from the body.

2. Explain the formation of dilute versus concentrated urine.

When water intake is large enough to dilute blood plasma, a urine more dilute than blood
plasma is produced; when water intake is so small that blood plasma is concentrated, a urine
more concentrated than blood plasma is produced.

3. Define micturition and describe the micturation reflex

The micturition reflex is a bladder-to-bladder contraction reflex for which the reflex center is
located in the rostral pontine tegmentum (pontine micturition center: PMC). There are two
afferent pathways from the bladder to the brain. One is the dorsal system and the other is the
spinothalamic tract.

4. Draw and label the following parts of the kidney

a. Renal cortex, b.Medullary pyramids, c.Renal columns of Bertini, d.Minor calyce, e. major
calyces, f. renal pelvis
5. Enumerate the different anatomical constrictions of the ureter
Three constrictions are usually found in a normal ureter. The most proximal is at the ure-
teropelvic junction, a second is at the crossing over of the iliac vessels, and the distal constric-
tion is in the intramural portion.

6. Illustrate the different parts of the urinary bladder and urethra in the male.
7. Label the parts of the nephron and with the use of colored arrows, identify the site of filtration
(black), reabsorption (blue) and secretion (red).