Activity 1

Underline the main idea in the following texts and restate them in your
own words in one to two sentences. Use appropriate reporting verbs. Cite
your source properly. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The world of 2030 will be radically transformed from our world today . By 2030,
no country-whether the US, China, or any other large country-will be a hegemonic
power. The empowerment of individuals and diffusion of power among states and
from states to informal networks will have a dramatic impact, largely reversing the
historic rise of the West since 1750, restoring Asia's weight in the global economy,
and ushering in a new era of "democratization" at the international and domestic
level. In addition to individual empowerment and the diffusion of state power, we
believe that two other megatrends will shape our world out to 2030: demographic
patterns, especially rapid aging; and growing resource demands which, in the
cases of food and water, might lead to scarcities. These trends, which are virtually
certain, exist today, but during the next 15-20 years they will gain much greater
momentum. Underpinning the megatrends are tectonic shifts-critical changes to
key features of our global environment that will affect how the world "works".
Extrapolations of the megatrends would alone point to a changed world by 2030~
but the world could be transformed in radically different ways. We believe that six
key game-changers-questions regarding the global economy, governance, conflict,
regional instability, technology, and the role of the United States-will largely
determine what kind of transformed world we will inhabit in 2030. Several potential
Black Swans -discrete events- would cause large-scale disruption. All but two of
these-the possibility of a democratic China or a reformed Iran-would have negative
repercussions.
Based upon what we know about the megatrends and the possible interactions
between the megatrends and the game-changers, we have delineated four
archetypal futures that represent distinct pathways for the world out to 2030. None
of these alternative worlds is inevitable. In reality, the future probably will consist of
elements from all the scenarios（National Intelligence Council, 2012, p. iii).
Reference
National Intelligence Council (2012). Global trends 2030: Alternative worlds. USA.

Summary:
The National Intelligence Council (2012) informed that certain megatrends will
change the world’s development and strategies by 2030. These megatrends could
alter and modify economic, political, and technological facets of countries around
the world.
FERNANDEZ, Clven Joszette F.
STEM - Euler
2. Why does gender equality matter for development?

The story of ijuhanyondo village in Tanzania mirrors the evolution of gender

equality across the world over the past quarter century. Although many women
continue to struggle with gender-based disadvantages in their daily lives, things
have changed for the better- and at a pace that would have been unthinkable even
two decades ago. Women have made unprecedented gains in rights, in education
and health, and in access to jobs and livelihoods. More countries than ever
guarantee women and men equal rights under the law in such areas as property
ownership, inheritance, and marriage. In all,136 countries now hove explicit
guarantees for the equality of all citizens and nondiscrimination between men and
women in their constitutions.
Progress has not come easlly. And it has not come evenly to all countries or to all
women-or across all dimensions of gender equality. The likelihood of women dying
during childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia is still comparable
to that in Northern Europe in the 19th century. A wealthy urban child in Nigeria-boy
or girl-averages around 10 years of schooling, while poor rural Hausa girls average
fewer than six months. The rate at which women die relative to men is higher in
low- and middle-income countries compared with their high-income counterparts,
especially in the critical years of infancy and early childhood and in the
reproductive period. Divorce or widowhood causes many women to become
landless and lose their assets. Women continue to cluster in sectors and
occupations characterized as "female"-many of them lower paying. Women are
also more likely to be the victims of violence at home and suffer more severe
injuries.And almost everywhere women's representation in politics and in senior
managerial positions in business remains far lower than men's.

Do these patterns of gender Inequality- in human and physical capital

endowments, in economic opportunities, and in the ability to make choices to
achieve desired outcomes（agency)-matter, particularly those that persist even as
the development process unfolds?

This World Development Report (WDR) argues that they do for two reasons. First,
gender equality matters intrinsically, because the ability to live the life of one's own
choosing and be spared from absolute deprivation is a basic human right and
should be equal for everyone, independent of whether one is male or female.
Second, gender equality matters instrumentally, because greater gender equality
contributes to economic efficiency and the achievement of other key development
outcomes (World Bank,2012,p 2-3).
Reference
World Bank (2012). Gender equality and development: World development report. Washington,DC:International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
Summary:
The World Bank (2012) had emphasized in their statement that there is
boundless improvement around the world for gender equality, but each country
possesses different levels of equality. Their statement also included that gender
equality is significant because it is a basic human right and beneficial for other
factors contributing to global enhancement.

3. Poverty and inequality have been recurrent challenges in the Philippines and
have again come to the fore in the wake of the current global financial crisis and
rising food, fuel, and commodity prices experienced in 2008. The proportion of
households living below the official poverty line has declined very slowly and
unevenly in the past four decades., and poverty reduction has been much slower
than in neighboring countries such as Republic of China(PRC), Indonesia,
Thailand, and Vietnam. The growth of the economy has been characterized by
boom and bust cycles, and current episodes of moderate economic expansion
have had limited impact on poverty reduction. Other reasons for the relatively
moderate poverty decline include the high rate of inequality across income
brackets, regions, and sectors; high population growth rates; and perennial
occurrences of disasters and longstanding conflicts in various regions, especially
in Mindanao.
After years of recognizing poverty as a key development problem and devising
various strategies and programs for its reduction, the government is still
confronting high levels of poverty and hunger among its citizens. Long and
persistent periods of high poverty may harm a country's development path as
poverty itself becomes a drag to economic growth.
In addition to the slow decrease in poverty incidence, there has been mixed
progress in addressing human development concerns, particularly outcomes in
education and health. The government has committed to achieving the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) through pro-poor sustained economic growth as
reflected in the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) 2004-2010.
However, efforts to meet the MDGs and reduce poverty and inequality ore
constrained by weak implementation of reforms, financing gaps and leakages,
coordination failure, and governance concerns.
The current global financial crisis has started to affect the domestic economy as
growth slowed to 4.6% in 2008 from a high of 7.2% in 2007. Exports have
continued to decline while the growth rate of remittances, the economy's lifeline, will
likely slow down in 2009. Escorts to protect the poor from the crisis and further
reduce poverty must remain on important priority, os the number of vulnerable
sectors of the economy will increase if the crisis deepens. The government has laid
out the Philippine Economy Resiliency Plan, a P330 billion stimulus package
consisting of increased allocations for national agencies and government,
corporate, and financial institutions for infrastructure spending, corporate and
individual tax breaks, and social protection and safety nets intended to protect the
poor from the impact of the crisis (Asian Development Bank,2009,p 7).
Reference
Asian Development Bank (2012).Poverty in the Philippines: Causes, constraints and opportunities.Philippines.

Summary:
The Asian Development Bank (2012) released statistics showing the slow
poverty reduction and slow economic growth that discusses poverty and inequality
as the ongoing and increasing problem of the Philippines. Thus, it continues to
harm the country’s economic path to achieve growth. To overcome this, the
government has currently laid out plans to reduce poverty in the middle of a global
financial crisis.

Activity 2

1. Using a pen, highlight the key words or phrases in the original texts and write
your paraphrases. Follow the specific instructions stated above the box. Use
appropriate reporting verbs. Cite your source properly.
A. “To help practitioners integrate skills into the teaching of core academic
subjects, the Partnership has developed a unified, collective vision for learning
known as the Framework for 21st Century Learning. This framework describes
the skills, knowledge and expertise students must master to succeed in work
and life; it is a blend of content knowledge, specific skills, expertise and
literacies” (Partnership for for 21st Century Skills, 2009, p.1).
Reference:
Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2009). P21 framework definitions. Retrieved from http://www.p21.org/
storage/documents/P21_framework_definitions.pdf

Your paraphrase (Specific instruction: Use an idea heading format)

The Partnership known as the Framework for 21 st Century Learning

continues to contribute to practitioners and their skills in teaching core
academic subjects. The framework composes of combinations of content
knowledge, specific skills, expertise and literacies. Furthermore, it defines the
skills, knowledge and expertise the students must master to achieve success in
their careers and in life. (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2009, p.1).
B. “Academic writing is best thought of as a circular process. When you begin your
writing, you first need to plan what you are going to write. Your planning will involve
reading sources such as journal articles, books as well as attending lectures and
conferences. While reading and attending lectures, you may want to take notes,
begin to organize all your information and to write a first draft.” (Institute of
Education, 2008, p.10).
Reference:
Institute of Education (2008). Student writing guide: Academic writing in educational settings.University of
London.

Your paraphrase (Specific instruction: Use an author heading format)

Institute of Education (2008) highlights academic writing as a rounded

process that involves planning as the first step. Your planning will consist of
reading journal articles and books as well as attending lectures and
conferences. While doing this step, taking notes and organizing collected
information is a great assistance in writing your first draft.

C. “It is widely recognized that there is a global biodiversity crisis, and

environmental degradation is expected to accelerate with profoundly changing
socioeconomic (e.g. human population growth, economic development and
urbanization) and climatic conditions” (Gurney, et.al., 2014, p.98)
Reference:
Gurney, G., et.al. (2014). Poverty and protected areas: An evaluation of marine integrated conservation and
development project in Indonesia. In Global Environment Change, 26, 98-107.

Your paraphrase (Specific instruction: Use an author heading format)

The study of Gurney et. al. (2014) asserts that global biodiversity crisis
is extensively known and causing environmental degradation to increase
greatly. This hastened transformation would profoundly change socioeconomic
and climatic conditions.

D. “Corruption occurs in both public and private organizations. It can be

understood as a decision “sold” to benefit the briber, while the bribe payment
compensates for the decision maker’s risks and moral cost of betraying the
institution” (Soreide, 2014, p.1).
Reference:
Soreide, T. (2014). Drivers of corruption: A brief overview. Washington, DC: International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.

Your paraphrase: (Specific instruction: Use a date heading format)

 In the 2014 study of drivers of corruption, Soreide underscored that
corruption happens in both public and private sectors. The bribe payment
compensates for the decision maker’s risks and moral cost of betraying the
institution in creating and “selling” the decision to benefit the briber.

E. “Microfinance is the provision of financial intermediation through the

distribution of small loans, acceptance of small savings and provision of other
financial products and services to the poor. Central to the concept of
microfinance is the idea that poverty can be effectively and permanently
reduced or eliminated within a reasonable period of time by providing the poor
with access to such financial services” (Getubig, Gibbons, and Remenyi,
2007, p.7)

Reference:

Getubig, M. David G., & Remenyi, J (2007). Financing a revolution: An overview of the microfinance

challenges in Asia-Pacific. In J. Remenyi and B. Quinones, Microfinance and poverty alleviation: Case

studies from Asia and the Pacific. NY: Taylor & Francis Group. 3-24

Your paraphrase: (Specific instruction: Use an author heading format)

Getubig, Gibbons, and Remenyi (2007) stated that microfinance is the

provision of financial intermediation which can be an effective way to reduce
poverty. It could be done by the allocation of trivial mortgage, the acceptance of
small hoards and the provision of other monetary goods and services to the
poor.

II. Write direct quotations using the texts in the first task (Let’s Practice).

Use appropriate reporting verbs, Cite your sources properly.

Quotation A

Partnership for 21st Century Skills (2009) devised an integrated,

collective vision for learning acknowledged as the Framework for 21 st Century
Learning that “describes the skills, knowledge and expertise students must
master to succeed in work and life; it is a blend of content knowledge, specific
skills, expertise and literacies” (p.1).

Quotation B

Academic writing is best defined as a rounded process and should

always start with a plan. The Institute of Education (2008) asserts:
Your planning will involve reading sources such as journal articles, books
as well as attending lectures and conferences. While reading and
attending lectures, you may want to take notes, begin to organize all your
information and to write a first draft. (p.10)

Quotation C

Gurney et. al. (2014) claims that there is a vast and known presence of
global biodiversity crisis “and environmental degradation is expected to
accelerate with profoundly changing socioeconomic (e.g., human population
growth, economic development and urbanization) and climatic conditions”
(p.98).

Both public and private organization can involve corruption which “can
be understood as a decision “sold” to benefit the briber, while the bribe
payment compensates for the decision maker’s risks and moral cost of
betraying the institution” (Soreide, 2014, p.1).

Quotation D
Quotation E