Social Condition

 “The Ancient House was made of

wood, bamboo, and nipa palm”.-
Antonio De Morga
 These are universally set upon
stakes arigues (columns) high
above the ground.
 Above the house is the open
batalanes (galleries) used for
household duties.
 There is little adornment and
finery in the house which is called
bahandin
Ifugao
Kalingas
Ilongots
Bagobos
Bajaos
The Ifugao House or Isket
 The male attire was composed of the upper,
called kanggan, was a black or blue
collarless jacket with short sleeves.
 The chief wore a reed jacket, while those
below rank wore either blue or black.
 The lower part, called bahag, consisted of a
strip of cloth wrapped about the waist,
passing between the thighs.
 Is composed of the upper called baro or
camisa, was a jacket with sleeves.
 The lower called saya by the tagalogs and
patadyong by the visayans, was loose skirt.
 A piece of red or white cloth called tapis,
was usually wrapped about the waist.
 The male had a
head gear consisting
of a piece of cloth
called putong.
 A red putong
signified that the
wearer had killed a
man in a war.
 The color of the putong shows the
“manliness” of a man.
 He who had killed at least seven was
privileged to wear an embroidered putong.
 The woman had no putong but wore her
hair gracefully knotted at the back of her
hair.
 The women as well as the men burdened
themselves with such trappings as armlets
called kalumbiga, pendants, bracelets, gold
rings, armlets and bracelets, but also in the
fillings between their teeth.
 Tattooing the body with various designs are
indications of a bravery- a war medals.
 The pintados from Visayas are the most
tattoed people.
 Philippine Society was divided into three
classes: the nobles, the freemen, and the
dependents.
 The nobles consisting of the chiefs and their
families, wielded tremendous influence in
the barangay. In the tagalog region, they
usually carried the title of Gat or Lakan, as
in Lakan Dula or Gat Maitan.
 The mahadlika by the tagalogs. They
were composed of freemen and
likewise of dependents who had earned
their freedom.
 The alipin or the dependents acquired
low status in society by inheritance, by
captivity, by failing to pay his debts, by
purchase or by committing crime.
 The dependents were either aliping
namamahay or aliping sagigilid.
 The namamahay had his own family and
house and served his master during planting
and harvest season.
 The sagigilid had no property on his own,
lived with the master.
 Among the Visayans, dependents were of
three kinds: the tumataban, the
tumarampuk, and the ayuey.
 A man’s wife was his legitimate wife was called
asawa while the other women were
euphemistically called “friends”.
 The man before should render services to the girl’s
parent for their marriage approval.
 The man should give dowry, called bigay kaya,
consisting of land, gold, or dependents.
 A poor man should give the bride-to-be’s parent a
certain amount of money known as panghimuyat.
 Another form of bribe called bigay-suso, was
to be given to the girl’s wet-nurse who fed
the bride during her infancy.
 This state of courtship is called
pamumulungan or pamamalae.

 The dowry was of seven kinds: the

kawasateg, siwaka, enduatuan, pangatulian,
tatas, langakad, and lekat.
The end…..
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