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1
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huviv weÁvb PP©v I mvwnZ¨ PP©v Ki‡Zb, Zuviv GKB
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aviYv weÁvbPP©v‡K, we‡klK‡i wbe©vwPZ welq K‡i
Zz‡jv| Ebwesk kZvãxi †klv‡a© weÁvb I cÖhyw³i `ª“Z

2
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m¤úK© Zz‡j aiv cÖ‡qvRb|
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3
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Avgv‡`i wk¶v e¨e¯’v Ggb nIqv evÃbxq hv mgv‡Ri
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cÖvwZôvwbK n‡jI, wk¶v_x©i gy³ wPš—v I
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Av`vb cÖ`vb P‡j fvlvq, †m †¶‡Î e¨eüZ kã A_©c~Y© n‡Z

4
n‡e| k‡ãi A_©ms‡hvwRZ nq mgv‡R evmKiv gvbyl‡`i
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bq| G‡Z A_©ms‡hvRb NUv‡Z n‡e|
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`ye©a¨ g‡b n‡Z cv‡i, KviY weÁv‡bi fvlv cvnvo †K‡U
bZzb c_ wbg©v‡Yi gZb| Ab¨w`‡K mvwn‡Z¨i fvlv, e¨eüZ
cvKv c‡_i gZb| mvwn‡Z¨i fvlv KL‡bv KL‡bv bZzb n‡Z
cv‡i KvíwbK bZzb NUbv eY©bvq, wKš‘ Zv cvV‡Ki
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cÖ‡qvRbxq bZzb I `y‡eva¨ fvlv e¨env‡ii c‡¶, Zv n‡jv
mZ¨vby mÜv‡bi Avb›` I †cÖiYv|
ms¯‹…wZi D`vniY wnmv‡e fvlv wPwýZ Ki‡jI cÖZxKx
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†Kv‡bv wkí Kg© hLb Dcnvi wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq, Zv Gi
e¯‘MZ g~‡j¨ bq, fvjevmv ev eÜz‡Z¡i cÖZxK wnmv‡e

5
ms¯‹…wZi evnK| fvlv iƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ ms¯‹…wZ ïay
ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨B †hvMv‡hvM m„wó K‡ibv| fvlv Ges Ab¨
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ms‡hvM NUv‡bv m¤¢e nq| wPš—v Avvgv‡`i gy³ K‡i
ms¯‹…wZi bvbv eÜb †_‡K| fvlv Avgv‡`i m„Rbkxj wPš
—vi wbqš¿K bq, wKš‘ m„RbkxjZvi mnvqK| wbqš¿K n‡j
wPš—vi ¯^vaxbZv _vK‡Zv bv| wk¶vi g~j j¶¨ wnmv‡e
Avgiv fve‡Z cvwi ms¯‹…wZi cÖfveejq wk¶v_x©‡K Zvi
e¨w³Z¡ MV‡Y I Zv‡K m„Rbkxj Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
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†h fvlv Zv GKB m‡½ mgv‡jvPbvi I g~j¨vq‡bi `¶Zv †`q|
weÁvb wk¶vi †¶‡Î D™¢vweZ I Avwe¯‹…Z Ávb mwÂZ
I mgwš^Z e‡j Áv‡bi Ab¨me kvLvi Zzjbvq Ae‡Rw±f ev
welqMZ Ávb A‡bK `ª“Z e„w× cv‡”Q| GKRb weÁvbxi
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GKwU AMÖmigvb weÁv‡bi kvLvi †hŠ_
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AmsL¨ g‡bi mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póv †_‡K| Ab¨w`‡K gvbweK
kvLvq Áv‡bi AMÖMwZ N‡U axi MwZ‡Z, †hLv‡b

6
GKK cÖ‡Póvq I GKK †cÖiYvq wew”Qbœfv‡e Ae`vb
iv‡Lb M‡elK| ms¯‹…wZi wefvRb Ges gvbweK I
ˆeÁvwbK ms¯‹…wZi weZK© GLb cÖvq me©Rbxb|
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ms¯‹…wZi wei“‡× Zv‡`i Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Ab¨ GK`j
weÁvb ms¯‹…wZi c‡¶ Ges Zuv‡`i Awf‡hvM gvbweK
ms¯‹…wZi cÖe³v hviv Zviv weÁvb I cÖhyw³i wecyj
AMÖMwZ‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Qb bv| GgbwK ˆeÁvwbK
ms¯‹…wZi cÖe³viv gvbe cÖK…wZ‡K AeÁv Ki‡Qb| GB
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KvVv‡gvMZ iƒc †c‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv wm.wc.†¯œv I
Gd.Avi wjwf‡Ri g‡a¨ weZK©| wm.wc.†¯œv weÁvb
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Gg.Avi‡bvì Gi g‡a¨, hviv h_vµ‡g ˆeÁvwbK I gvbweK
ms¯‹…wZi cÖe³v| Z…Zxq †h hyM‡ji K_v D‡jL¨ h_vµ‡g
ˆeÁvwbK I gvbweK ïay ms¯‹…wZi cÖe³v bb, Harvard
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cvV¨µg‡K Zuviv mvwR‡q‡Qb wbR wbR
`k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K| Giv n‡jb wm.D.BwjqU Ges e¨weU
(Babbitt)|
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wb‡q‡Qb, GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ n‡jv ˆeÁvwbK ms¯‹…
wZi mg_©Kiv me‡¶‡Î †ckvMZfv‡e weÁvbx bb| d‡j,

7
†ckv bq, `„wófw½ wba©viY K‡i †Kvb c¶ GKRb mg_©b
Ki‡eb|
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G‡m †V‡K‡Q Zuvi we‡klY wm.wc.†¯œvi e³…Zvi
cÖfve me‡P‡q †ewk| e¯‘Z `yB ms¯‹…wZi weZK©
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†Kgweª‡R cÖ`Ë wiW (Reed) e³…Zvi wfZi w`‡q| GB
e³…Zvi wk‡ivbvg wQj “The two Cultures and the
scientific revolution”. wm.wc.†¯œv e¨³ K‡ib †h, mgvR
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weÁvbxiv AMfxifv‡e Avkvev`x, gvby‡li fwel¨r Ae¯’v
m¤ú‡K©| Ab¨w`‡K weÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib †h, mvwnwZ¨K
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Ki“b| mvwn‡Z¨i eyw×Rxexiv e¨wZ‡i‡K cÖvq me

8
weÁvbx g‡b K‡ib †h e¨w³ Rxe‡bi cwibwZ Ki“b n‡jI,
gvb RvwZi fwel¨Z Ki“b n‡e †Kb ?
wm.wc.†¯œv j¶ K‡i‡Qb †h mvwn‡Z¨i eyw×Rxexiv
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we‡ivwaZv K‡i e‡jb, weÁvb I weÁv‡bi c×wZ D˜NvU‡b
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wj‡L‡Qb|

9
wZwb Ges Av‡b©vì Df‡qB g~jZ: G e¨vcv‡i GKgZ
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cÖ‡qv‡Mi wfZi w`‡q| nv·wj g‡b Ki‡Zb Rxe‡bi
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w`‡q †m Zvi †`n‡K Zvi g‡bi A_©vr wPš—vi AaxY
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e³…Zvq Ges ciewZ©‡Z †`wL‡q‡Qb †h cÖPwjZ
HwZn¨evnx wk¶v e¨e¯’v bZzb weÁvb I cÖhy³i Lei cvk
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wk¶v cÖK…wZi wbqg Rvbvi †P‡q gvbweK wk¶vq
wkw¶Z nIqv †ewk cÖ‡qvRb, we‡kl K‡i weÁvb I
cÖhyw³i GB AMÖMwZi hy‡M| KviY, gvbweK wk¶v
g‡bi Dc‡i †ewk cÖfve ivL‡e|
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Zvi †XD eo n‡q †cŠQvj Av‡gwiKvq Ebwesk kZvwãi †kl

10
w`‡K| eyw×PP©vi †K›`ª nvievW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
†cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ n‡jb Pvj©m WweD BwjqU,
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GB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cvV¨µg‡K m¤ú~Y© bZzbfv‡e
mvRv‡jb, †hLv‡b Humanities n‡”Q e¨w³gvby‡li Rb¨
mnvbyf~wZ, Avi Humanitarianism n‡”Q gvbeRvwZi Rb¨
mnvbyf‚wZ|
BwjqU wQ‡jb, Humanitarianism G wek¦vmx| gvbeRvwZi
fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© wZwb wQ‡jb Avkvev`x| wZwb g‡b
Ki‡Zb, wk¶vi wfZi w`‡q mgvR‡K e`‡j †`qv m¤¢e
†hLv‡b wk¶v_x© Zv gy³ wPš—v, m„RbkxjZv, ˆeÁvwbK
DÏxcbv wb‡q cÖK…wZi wbqg¸‡jv Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡e|
Bwjq‡Ui m‡½ nv·wji A‡bK wgj †`Lv hvq| Zuv‡`i wk¶v
`k©b I mvs¯‹…wZK fvebvq hw`I Zuviv c„_Kfv‡e wPš—
v K‡i‡Qb wk¶v m¤ú‡K©| BwjqU ¯œvZ‡KvËi wk¶vµg
Ggbfv‡e wba©viY Ki‡jb hv‡Z wk¶v_x© Avcb
wbe©vwPZ †ckvq m„RbkxjZv I `¶Zv †`Lv‡Z cv‡i, †mB
m‡½ mgv‡Ri mgm¨v mgvav‡biI Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i|
ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½ I DÏxcbv Zv‡K gvbe RvwZi fwel¨r
m¤ú‡K© Avkvev`x Ki‡e| ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z
mZ¨vbymÜvb Ki‡Z wk¶v_x©‡K gy³ eyw× I
m„RbkxjZvi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e| D`vi wk¶vq
cvV¨m~Px‡Z wZwb weÁvb hy³ K‡ib| wZwb wek¦vm

11
Ki‡Zb †h h_v_© weÁvb wk¶v gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb‡eva,
cÖZ¨vkv Ges cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ my¯^bZv ev nvigwY
Avb‡e| GB mgš^q ïay we‡kl mg‡qi Rb¨ bq eZ©gvb I
fwel¨‡Zi g‡a¨ †h KvwjK e¨eavb, Zv AwZµg K‡i †h wgj
ev Q›` Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j Humanism h‡_ó bq,
cÖ‡qvRb Humanitarianism | m„RbkxjZv, gy³eyw×,
mZ¨vbymÜv‡bi †cÖiYv, ˆeÁvwbK DÏxcbv, ˆeÁvwbK
c×wZi cÖ‡qvM Humanitarianism †K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i|
gvbweK ms¯‹…wZi cÖe³v e¨weU (Babbitt)
†cÖwm‡W›U Bwjq‡Ui mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb, GKRb
c~Y©v½ gvbyl wnmv‡e weÁvb Rvbv e¨w³‡K msÁvwqZ
Kiv mwVK bq, KviY weÁvb I cÖhyw³i AMÖMwZ I
cÖfve weÁv‡bi cÖe³v mg_©K‡`i Nygcvwi‡q w`‡q‡Q
†PZbvi w`K †_‡K| gvbweK mgm¨v Avm‡j A‡bK Mfxi
†hLv‡b e¯‘RM‡Zi wbqg †R‡b †m mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e
bq| gvby‡li Av‡eMxq fvimvg¨ bó n‡”Q weÁv‡bi cÖfv‡e|
i“‡kvi †h cÖ¯—ve wk¶v_x©‡K mxgvnxb ¯^vaxbZv
†`evi Ges †eK‡bi †h `k©b cÖ‡qvM I cÖMwZi, Zvi m‡½
Bwjq‡Ui wk¶v `k©‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q| gvbeRvZxi Dbœq‡bi
†h Avkvev` weÁv‡bi AMÖMwZi wfZi w`‡q, Zv åvš—
c_ GB R‡b¨ †h, gvbe ˆewkó¨ D˜NvU‡bi Rb¨ gvbweK
wbqg D˜NvUb Ki‡Z n‡e, †h c_ m„Rbkxj mvwn‡Z¨i|
mvwnZ¨ I wk‡íi †¶‡Î mZ¨ D˜NvU‡bi †h c×wZ Zv
ˆeÁvwbK Avwe¯‹v‡ii c_ bq| cÖK…wZ weÁv‡b

12
M‡elYvq mvdj¨ cÖK…wZi dj¸‡jv wbqš¿‡bi kw³ w`‡Z
cv‡i, wKš‘ †Kv_vq KLb ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e †mB
cÖÁv weÁvb †`q bv| G Rb¨ gvbe PwiÎ Rvb‡Z n‡e|
weÁv‡bi mvdj¨ weÁvbx‡`i AvµgbvZ¡K, `vw¤¢K I
cwiZ…ß K‡i‡Q Zv AMfxi| gvbyl Avm‡j A‡bK †ewk
RwUjZvi gvbweK ˆewkó¨| weÁvbx‡`i †h cÖkvwš—
mvd‡j¨i, †h Avkvev` gvbe RvwZi fwelr m¤ú‡K© Zv
gvby‡li e¯‘MZ cÖZ¨vkv wgUvevi w`K †_‡K wVK g‡b
n‡jI, hvwš¿K gvÎ| gb¯—vwZ¡K gvbyl A‡bK †ewk RwUj,
d‡j gvbe RvwZi fwelr m¤ú‡K© mvd‡j¨I Avkvev`
mvwn‡Z¨i cÖe³v‡`i g‡a¨ †bB|
Ujm&U‡qi war and peace G †hgb Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, †h
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e¨w³ gvby‡li wKQz Kivi †bB, †mLv‡b
wei“×Zv I mvnwmKZv wbi_©K| e¨w³ gvby‡li mgm¨v
eyS‡Z I mgvavb Ki‡Z e¨w³gvbyl Dc‡i wµqvkvjx wbqg
Rvb‡Z I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e, mvwnZ¨ PP©v ïay gvbyl‡K
†mB †eva w`‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB e¨w³ gvbyl wb‡q
fvebv I mZ¨vbymÜvb mvwn‡Z¨i wbe©vwPZ welq|
†mLv‡b e¨w³gvbyl RwUj gb¯—vwËK cÖvq
Awbe©Pbxq welq hv mvwnwZ¨Kiv Zuv‡`i GjvKv g‡b
K‡ib| weÁv‡bi Ávb I c×wZ Zv‡`i †¶Î cÖ‡qvM bq, d‡j G
e¨vcv‡i Zuv‡`i AÁZv wb‡q D”P KÚ nevi my‡hvM †bB|

13
weÁvb I mvwn‡Z¨i weZK© ev welv` m„wó n‡q‡Q KviY
weÁvb we‡k¦i me e¯‘ I NUbv‡K bq M‡elYvi Aš—M©Z
Ki‡Z Pvq| GKxf‚Z Z‡Ë¡i w`‡K weÁv‡bi `„wó, we‡kl
K‡i c`v_© weÁv‡bi| GB ¯’vbwU wQj cÖ_‡g ag© I c‡i
`k©‡bi| weÁvbx‡`i wei“‡× †h AvµgvbvZ¡K, `ywe©bxZ,
AvZ¡Z…ß, Avkvev`x i“‡c Awfhy³ Kiv nq Zvi GKwU
KviY, GKxf‚Z Z‡Z¡i w`‡K Zv‡`i `„wó| weÁv‡bi
BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zvi `xN©
ZvwjKv cvIqv hvq| hv we‡klfv‡e j¶bxq Zv n‡jv, GKxf‚Z
Z‡Ë¡i Rb¨ Av`k© mvabv I Acwimxg ˆah©| GKwU
D`vniY n‡jv AvBb÷vBb gnvKl© ej I Zvwor †PŠ¤^K
ej‡K GKxf‚Z Kivi M‡elYvq Rxe‡bi †kl Pwjk eQi e¨vq
K‡i‡Qb mvdj¨ bv †c‡qI|
`yB ms¯‹…wZi weZK©‡K we‡kl‡Yi `„wó‡Z †`‡L †h
cÖkœ¸‡jv Avgvi g‡b †R‡M‡Q Zv ms‡¶‡c D‡jL Ki‡ev|
Reve †`qvi mgq bv n‡jI Gme cÖkœ AvjP¨ welqwU‡K
mRxe ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e e‡j Avgvi avibv|
ms¯‹…wZ Avm‡j Kx ?
we‡kl‡Ái GB hy‡M Áv‡bi †¶‡Î wefvRb KvwU‡q DVvi
c_ Kx ?
ms¯‹…wZi wefvRb m¤ú‡K© I‡cb nvBgv‡ii Dcgv †g‡b
wb‡q ms¯‹…wZ wK wefvwRZB _vK‡e ?

14
ˆeÁvwbK I gvbweK ms¯‹…wZ iƒ‡c ms¯‹…wZi wefvRb
I we‡iva †Kb n‡jv ?
Kviv GB `yB `‡j †hvM w`j ?
`yB †¶‡Î gvbweKZvi I e¨w³ gvby‡li fwel¨r Kx ?
Ávb PP©v Ges eyw×MZ I m„Rbkxj Kv‡Ri c×wZ
`yB‡¶‡Î †Kv_vq Awfbœ, †Kv_vq wfbœ ?
`yB ms¯‹…wZi we‡iva wK `~i Kiv m¤¢e, bvwK GB
we‡iva Aek¨¤¢vex Ges Zv wK `yB †¶‡Î Áv‡bi cÖK…
wZi g‡a¨B wbwnZ ?
e¯‘MZ mg„w× wK ms¯‹…wZi evB‡i ?
ms¯‹…wZ wK Awbevh©fv‡eB wbe©¯‘K n‡Z n‡e ?
m„RbkxjZv wK weÁv‡bi Avwe¯‹vi I cÖhyw³i D™¢ve‡b
Kg g~‡j¨i, mvwnZ¨i m„RbkxjZvi Zzjbvq ?
ms¯‹…wZi wefvRb I we‡iva wK KvwU‡q IVv m¤¢e ?
AvaywbK weÁv‡bi AMÖMwZ I ˆeÁvwbK `k©b wK
wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K e`‡j w`‡Z cv‡i ?
gvby‡li e¨w³Rxe‡bi cwibwZ Ki“b n‡jI gvbe RvwZi
cwieZ©bI wK Ki“b ?

15
ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYvq c×wZ wK gvbweK wk¶vi †¶‡Î
cÖ‡hvR¨ ms¯‹…wZi wefvRb ?

ms¯‹…wZ Avm‡j Kx ?
ms¯‹…wZ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ bq| GwU GKwU cÖfve ejq|
c`v_© weÁvb †_‡K `„óvš— wb‡q ej‡Z cvwi ms¯‹…wZ
n‡”Q field ev †¶Î| fiwewkó cÖwZwU fi Pvicv‡k GKwU
cÖfve ejq m„wó K‡i †hLv‡b Ab¨ GKwU fi Avm‡j
AvKl©b Abyfe K‡i| A_©vr e¯‘i Pvi cv‡ki ¯’v‡b e`‡j hvq
hv Avgiv †`L‡Z cvBbv wKš‘ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ †mLv‡b Avb‡j
Zv gnvKl© ej Abyfe K‡i|
GKBfv‡e ˆe`y¨wZKPvR©‡K wN‡i GKwU cÖfve ejq
Av‡Q †hLv‡b Ab¨ GKwU PvR© Avm‡j we`y¨rwU ej
Abyfe Ki‡e| ˆe`y¨wZKPv‡h©i Pvicv‡k ˆe`y¨wZK cÖfve
ejq ev ˆe`y¨wZK †¶Î Av‡Q| c`v_© weÁvbxiv Gi †h wPÎ
Kíbv K‡ib Zv n‡jv ˆe`y¨wZK `yB Pv‡R©i g‡a¨ †dvUb
Av`vb cÖ`vb P‡j| Avgiv ewj Pv‡R©i Pvi cv‡k ˆe`y¨wZK
†¶Î m„wó nq, hv Ab¨ Pv‡R©i Dc‡i ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i|
Pv‡h©i ˆewkó¨ †¶Î m„wó Kiv Ges ˆe`y¨wZK †¶ÎØviv
cÖfvweZ nIqv| hZ iKg PvR© Av‡Q ZZ iKg †¶Î Av‡Q|
bvbv iKg PvR© _vK‡j Zv‡`i Pvi cv‡k bvbv iKg †¶Î
_vK‡e GKB m‡½| ms¯‹…wZI †Zgwb wgkÖ n‡Z cv‡i|

16
GB Dcgv‡K Avwg eû`~i wb‡q †h‡Z cvwi| I‡cb nvBgvi
nv‡Zi Av½ywji †h `„óvš— w`‡q‡Qb ms¯‹…wZi
wefvRb‡K eySvq| †mB PgrKvi Dcgv‡K Av‡iv GKwU
GwM‡q †bevi †jvK mvgvj w`‡Z cviwQ bv| nv‡Zi
eY©bv w`‡Z Gi Av½yj ¸wji ci¯úi †_‡K c„_K iƒc
†`Lv‡bv myweavRbK| wKš‘ RwUj KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z
Av½yj¸‡jv‡K GKÎ Ki‡Z nq KL‡bv KL‡bv| Av½yj¸‡jvi
c„_K nIqv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwÎZKi‡Z cvivi d‡j nvZ GZ
`¶fv‡e Avgiv e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi| wel‡qi †¶‡Î
ev‡qvK¨vwgw÷, ev‡qvwdwR· †Zgwb bZzb mvdj¨
mgvav‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

17