MANTHAN

REPORT 2020
Development sector

National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030

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INDEX

S.No Topic Pg. No

1 Introduction 3

2 Global organizations in Development sectors 4

3 Role of the world bank in India 5

4 International Finance Corporation 6

5 Indian Organizations in Developmental Sector 7

6 NABARD 8

7 Sustainable development goals 10

8 Corporate Social Responsibility 15

9 Trends in industry 16

10 Role of development sector during COVID 19 crises 16

11 Corporate support during COVID 19 in India 18

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 Introduction

The development industry involves international organizations, government

departments, big international charities and social movements, who are all
working to fight against the causes of poverty and inequality. The development
sector has evolved as a vibrant, exhilarating place to work in, full of opportunities
and the flexibility to shape ones career. Working in the development sector
requires a combination of the Head (the ability to think), the Heart (the ability to
empathize) and the Hand (the ability to do).

India’s social sector space is likely to witness newer forms of corporate

philanthropy, and a governance template for institutional philanthropy would be
urgently required in order to enable structural and process-related outcomes
grounded in legal determinants with the new CSR regime. The recent passage of
the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility) Rules, 2014 (“CSR Rules”) has
brought a sharp focus on the social participation and accountability of corporate
. The CSR Rules articulate the policy and regulations to provide legal and
organizational governance to the CSR regime. With this, there is a need to
develop a mechanism to measure philanthropic impact, and improve the
transparency and governance of non-government organizations (“NGOs”)
receiving contributions and CSR funds.

Ministry of corporate affairs, Government of India, has spend a total of 13,623.62

Cr in financial year 2017-18 , with highest amount of 33,486.76 for education ,
differently abled and their livelihood and nearly 1,006 Cr on Environment,
Animal welfare and conservation of resources.

Percentage of amount spend CSR spent

Education Govt
companies
Hunger, povery (4214Cr)
healthare
Environmental other(10302
suatainability Cr)
rural
development

Source: https://www.csr.gov.in/index16.php

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Global organizations in Development sectors:

UNDP (United Nations Development

Programme)

WHO (World Health Organization)

UNICEF (United Nations International

Children’s Education Fund)

WFP (World Food Programme)

World Bank

CARE (Co-operative for Assistance & Relief

Everywhere)

Open Society Institute

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Department for International Development

Oxfam international

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Role of the world bank in India:
Financing, analytical work, and advisory services by the world bank group have
contributed to the country’s development. International Development
Association has supported activities that have had a considerable impact on
universalizing primary education; empowering rural communities through a
series of rural livelihoods projects; revolutionizing agriculture through the
support of the Green and White (milk) Revolutions; and helping to combat polio,
tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. In FY18, the relationship reached a major
milestone when India became a low middle-income country and graduated from
International Development Association financing.

World bank group program in India:

The World Bank’s lending portfolio consists of 105 operations with $27.1
billion in commitments, of which $18.5 billion is IBRD, $8.5 billion is IDA,
and $0.1 billion is from other sources, primarily grant funding from the Global
Environment Fund.
The three largest portfolios are

Transport and ICT 15 projects $6.7 billion

Water 14 projects $5.3 billion

Energy 12 operations $3.7 billion

● In FY19 the Bank approved 10 operations totaling $1.49 billion in

IBRD
● India has been the largest country in International Finance corporation’s
investment portfolio
● The World Bank and IFC work together in several areas, most notably in
energy, transport, water, and health
● IFC-Bank synergies have been particularly strong in raising financing for
renewable energy, highlighted by the Government of Madhya Pradesh’s

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 decision to set up the largest single-site solar power project at record low
cost in 2017
● Clean Ganges program for sewage treatment plants using hybrid annuity-
based PPP projects was taken by a collaboration of IFC and world bank
group

Some important projects that are undertaken by IBRD and IDA:

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lends to
governments of middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries. The
International Development Association (IDA) provides interest-free loans –
called credits – and grants to governments of the poorest countries.
● Micro, small and medium enterprises emergency response
● Second national Ganga and river basin project
● Tamil Nadu Housing and Habitat Development Project
● Accelerating India's COVID-19 Social Protection Response Program
(PMGKY)
● India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness
Project
● Enhancing coastal resource and ocean efficiency
● Green National Highways Corridor Project
● National Program for Improving the Quality of Statistics in India
● Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-fed
Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh
● State of Maharashtra's Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project

International Finance Corporation:

● Since 1956, IFC has invested in nearly 400 companies in India, providing
almost $15 billion in financing from its own account and mobilization from
external resources. As of June 2018, IFC’s committed portfolio in India is
over 6 million

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● IFC is one of the largest institutional shareholders in Bandhan – which
serves over 6.5 million borrowers in the most underbanked parts of the
country
● The IFC green Masala bond is issued under IFC’s $3 billion offshore rupee
Masala bond program. The proceeds of the bond will be invested in
renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, mainly in the solar and
wind
● IFC, as a member of the 2030 Water Resources Group, has been working
to mobilize private and public sector come up with much-needed solutions
to address the challenge of severe water scarcity in India

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Indian Organizations in Developmental Sector:

Jeevika Development Society

Goonj

Dilasa Janvikas Pratishthan

ASA (Action For Social Development)

Digital green

PRADAN (Professional Assistance for

Development Action)

SRIJAN (Self-Reliant Initiative through Joint

Action)

ISAP (India Society of Agri-Business

Professionals)

CARD (Centre for Advanced Research and

Development)

IFFCO Foundation

GVT (Gramin Vikas Trust)

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NABARD:
NABARD came into existence on 12 July 1982 by transferring the agricultural
credit functions of RBI and refinance functions of the then Agricultural Refinance
and Development Corporation (ARDC).NABARD was set up with an initial
capital of Rs.100 crore, its’ paid-up capital stood at Rs.14,080 crore as on 31
March 2020. Consequent to the revision in the composition of share capital
between the Government of India and RBI, NABARD today is fully owned by
the Government of India.
Financial
● Loans for food parks and food processing units in designated food parks
● Loans to warehouses, cold storage and Cold chain infrastructure
● Credit facilities to marketing federations
● rural infrastructure Development Fund
● Direct refinance to Co-operative Banks
● Supporting Producer Organisations
● Long term irrigation Fund
● Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojana- Grameen (PMAY-G)
● Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin (SBM-G)
● Micro IrrigationFund

Refinance
● Short term refinance
● Long term refinance
● Refinance for Off-farm sector

NABARD Sponsored scheme

Farm Sector
● Producers Organisation Development Fund (PODF)
● Watershed Development Programme
● Tribal Development Programmme

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Off-farm Sector
● Exhibition/Melas
● Rural Haats/Rural Marts
● RUDSETI / RUDSETI Type of Institutions / RSETIs
● Rural Innovation Fund (RIF)
● Support to Rural Housing and Rural Sanitation

Government-Sponsored schemes
Farm Sector
● Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme
● Capital Investment Subsidy Scheme for Commercial Production Units for
organic/ Biological inputs
● Agri clinic and Agribusiness Centres Scheme
● National Livestock Mission
● Interest Subvention Scheme
● New Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure

Off-Farm Sector
● Credit linked Capital Subsidy Scheme
● NRLM/NULM

Sustainable development goals

The SDGs are a bold universal set of 17 Goals and 169 targets to help organize
and streamline development actions for greater achievement of human wellbeing,
while leaving no one behind – by 2030. This suggests an approach to sustainable
development that brings together economic, social and environmental pillars,
with a focus on their inter linkages.
Economic

Environmental Social

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Sustainable development goals in India
NITI Aayog is mandated with the task of coordinating work on SDGs by adopting
a synergistic approach, involving organizations, academia and business sector to
achieve India’s SDG targets. A comprehensive mapping of SDG targets with
schemes and programmes has been developed to achieve these 17 goals.
1. No Poverty
2. Zero hunger
3. Good health and Well- being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10.Reduced inequality
11.Sustainable Cities and Communities
12.Sustainable Consumption and production
13.Climate Action
14.Life below Water
15.Life on Land
16.Peace , Justice and Strong Institutions
17.Partnerships for the Goals

Government Schemes for attaining SDG by 2030:

● Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA)
● Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY) -National Rural Livelihood
Mission (NRLM)
● Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana - Gramin
● National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
● Market Intervention Scheme and Price Support Scheme (MIS-PSS)
● National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM)

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 ● Development of Skills (Umbrella Scheme)
● Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana
● Employment Promotion Scheme
● Umbrella Programme for Development of Minorities
● Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
● Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
● Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
● Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
● Labour Welfare Scheme
● Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY)
● Nation Rural Drinking Water Programme
● Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural)
● Relief and Rehabilitation for Migrants and Repatriates
● Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
● National Programme of Mid Day Meal in Schools (MDM)
● Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
● Strengthening of Teacher Training Institutions
● Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and
Teaching (PMMMNMTT)
● National Scheme for Incentive to Girl Child for Secondary Education
(NSIGSE)
● Interest subsidy and contribution for Guarantee Funds
● National Health Mission Health & FW
● National AYUSH Mission
● Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
● Gram Sadak Yojana
● Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
● National Health Mission
● Environment Protection, Management and Sustainable Development
In India, among the States, Kerala and Himachal Pradesh are the front runners
with an SDG India Index score of 69 and among the Union Territories,
Chandigarh is a front runner with a score of 68.
Source: niti.gov.in

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Government intervention in the Developmental Sector:
Major flagship Schemes
Flagship programs are symbolic of the main thrust of the nation’s developmental
policy. Flagship schemes of the government of India are those schemes which are
declared so by the union cabinet or the Development Evaluation Advisory
Committee (DEAC) of Planning Commission. The list of flagship programs can
be modified by the DEAC or the Government from time to time.
● Bharat Nirman
● MGNREGA
● Sarva Siksha Abhigyan (SSA)
● Mid-day Meal Scheme (MDMS)
● Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
● Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
● Water and Sanitation Mission [NRDWP & TSC]
● Prime Minister's Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
● National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
● Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
● Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY)
● Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)
● JNNURM
● Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
● Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY)

Health
● NRHM/NHM (National Rural Health Mission)
● JSY (Janani Suraksha Yojana)
● National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme
● PMSSY (Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana)
● AYUSH (Aayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddhi,
Homoeopathy)

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Education
● RTE (Right to Education)
● SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan)
● MDMS (Mid-Day Meal Scheme)
● Sakshar Bharat (National Mission on Female Literacy – an adult education
programme)
● RMSY (Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan)
● Model School Scheme
● RUSA (Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan)

Urban Development
● JNNURM
● Integrated Low-Cost Sanitation Scheme

Women and Child Development

● ICDS - - implemented by MoWCD
● Sabala/RGSEAG (Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent
Girls)
● IGMSY (Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana)
● NMEW (National Mission for Empowerment of Women)
● RMK (Rashtriya Mahila Kosha)
● Policies to address violence against women, e,g (PWDVA)

Skill Development
● National Skill Development Mission

Social Security
● AABY (Aam Aadmi Beema Yojana)
● RSBY (Rashtriya Swasthya Beema Yojana)
● SSAs (Social Security Agreements)
● The Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008
NSAP (National Social Assistance Programme)

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Examples of CSR in India:
ITC Group
● ITC Group, a conglomerate with business interests across hotels, FMCG,
agriculture, IT, and packaging sectors has been focusing on creating
sustainable livelihood and environment protection programs. The
company has been able to generate sustainable livelihood opportunities
for six million people through its CSR activities.
● Their e-Choupal program, which aims to connect rural farmers through the
internet for procuring agriculture products, covers 40,000 villages and over
four million farmers. It’s social and farm forestry program assists farmers in
converting wasteland to pulpwood plantations. Social empowerment
programs through micro-enterprises or loans have created sustainable
livelihoods for over 40,000 rural women.

Mahindra & Mahindra

Indian automobile manufacturer Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) established the

K. C. Mahindra Education Trust in 1954, followed by Mahindra Foundation in
1969 with the purpose of promoting education. The company primarily focuses
on education programs to assist economically and socially disadvantaged
communities.

● Its CSR programs invest in scholarships and grants, livelihood training,

healthcare for remote areas, water conservation, and disaster relief
programs. M&M runs programs such as Nanhi Kali focusing on
education for girls, Mahindra Pride Schools for industrial training, and
Lifeline Express for healthcare services in remote areas

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Trends in the industry:
● India moved up one spot to 129 among 189 countries in Human
Development Index (HDI)1 released in December 2019. With a mix of
rapid economic growth combined with social policies, the country’s gross
national income per capita has more than doubled since 2005 and the
number of multi-dimensionally poor people has fallen more than 271
million as per 2018 global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) released
by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford
Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI)
● The total amount allocated for the social services sector, which includes
nutrition and social security and welfare increased from Rs 2551 crore in
2018-19 to Rs 4178 crore in fiscal 2019-20.
● Amid the COVID-19 (coronavirus) outbreak, the Ministry of Corporate
Affairs has notified that companies’ expenditure to fight the pandemic will
be considered valid under CSR activities. Funds may be spent on various
activities related to COVID-19 such as promotion of healthcare including
preventive healthcare and sanitation, and disaster management
● In 2018, companies spent 47 percent higher as compared to the amount in
2014-15, contributing US$1 billion to CSR initiatives
● Institutional linkages between NGOs, private sector and/or PPP models set
to increase

Role of development sector during COVID 19 crises:

The world is currently facing two global crises – health crises and economic crises
these crises engulf the world. Non -profit organizations play important roles in
“flattening the curve” with rapid response by strengthening the health systems,
while simultaneously responding to the looming economic downturn.

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The World Bank
The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors on April 2, 2020 approved a
fast-track $1 billion India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems
Preparedness Project to help India prevent, detect, and respond to the COVID-19
pandemic and strengthen its public health preparedness. This is the largest ever
health sector support from the Bank to India.

NITI Aayog
India’s apex planning body- The NITI Aayog, solicited the cooperation of non-
profits to help the country deal with the pandemic. COVID-19 response cells have
been established in some states and non-profits have been requested to work in
coordination with the district administration, particularly to focus on the needs of
the millions of migrant laborers who have been left stranded in their host states
due to the lockdown. The focus areas are food, shelter, spreading awareness
aboutCovid-19 and its precautions, protective provisions (soaps, sanitizers,
gloves etc) and mapping and tracking of migrants.
UNDP is leveraging its integrator role, global networks, flexibility, and rapid
mobilization capacity to support developing countries. These organizations were
very active in (i) allocating funds to strengthen public health and provision of free
or affordable COVID-19 testing and treatment; (ii) shoring up business viability
and confidence through tax relief, credit, and corporate support; and (iii) boosting
income support to citizens.

Universal Basic Income (UBI)

It is a program providing a universal unconditional cash grant to all citizens. UBI
can reduce the incidence of social problems caused by poverty, such as crime and
child malnutrition. UBI-like interventions are being considered as part of a one-
off stimulus package to help ameliorate adverse economic effects in countries like
India, China, Hong-Kong.

UNDP and WHO

In India, UNDP and WHO is developing a biomedical waste management and
infection control checklist for government-designated COVID-19 areas and an

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estimated US$500 million is being offered for initial preparedness, rapid response
and socio-economic impact support to 100 countries
Developing countries like India have also taken steps to minimize job losses and
to support the unemployed. The main instruments include: (1) expansion of
unemployment benefits, including compensation for crisis-induced reductions in
working hours; (2) wage subsidies; (3) offering companies incentives such as tax
breaks to retain their workforce during the crisis; and (4) employment services to
complement income support to unemployed workers.

Corporate support during COVID 19 in India

In India, the biggest corporations are supporting the response to COVID-19.
● ITC Ltd sets up a COVID-19 Contingency fund of Rs 150 crore to provide
financial assistance to the district and rural health cares for the poor Indian
citizens.
● HUL, along with providing Rs 100 crore, reduces the prices of Lifebuoy
sanitizers. It also donates Lifebuoy sanitizers, Domex bathroom and floor
cleaners, soaps, hand washes, health kits to the hospitals and
underprivileged persons
● SBI employees provide Rs 100 crore to PM CARES Fund. SBI also
announced to provide 0.25% of its net profit of the financial year 2019-20
to combat against COVID-19.
● TCS prioritizes itself in providing COVID-19 patient trackers, health kits,
ventilators for the poor persons. TCS iON Digital Classroom software
empowers students for online learning facilities
● RIL provides the first 100-bed COVID-19 hospital, 50 lakh free meals, one
lakh masks, free fuel for emergency vehicles, daily wise 1000 PPE for
health care workers. It also provides Rs 500 crores to PM CARES fund
● Infosys Foundation is partnering with Narayana Health City in Bengaluru
has launched a 100-room quarantine facility for COVID-19 patients. It is
also working to ensure better access to food and nutrition for those who
are hardest hit. Infosys Foundation provides Rs 50 crore to PM CARES
Fund. It also contributes an additional Rs 500 crore to be utilised for

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● providing testing kits, masks, ventilators, food, and nutrition to the poor
persons. It also joined hands with Narayana Hospitals to provide 100 beds
quarantine facility.
● 47 Wipro Ltd. and Azim Premji Foundation have together committed
almost US$150 million towards immediate COVID-19–related
humanitarian aid and augmenting health care capacity and treatment.
● The Tata Group pledged US$200 million for affected communities, free
educational software, and a patient tracker to fight the virus.

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 Academic Committee
2019-2021
National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
(MANAGE)
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad: 500030

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