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Trigonella Foenum Graecum
Trigonella Foenum Graecum
ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ
ﺘﺴﻛﻴﻦ ﺪﻟﻴﻝ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺘﻐﺬﻴﺔ ﺇﺪﺍﺮﺓ ﺃﻛﺒﺎﺪﻨﺎ ﻨﻔﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺒﺔ ﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺤﻮﺍﺮ ﺃﺬﻛﺎﺮ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ
ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜﻬﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ
ﺁﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ ٬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺇﺿﻔﺎء ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻡ ٬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺣﺴﻴﺔ
ﺃﺧﺮﻯ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺑﻞ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔTrigonella )
( foenumgraecum ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ٬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ
ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ 2500 ﻋﺎﻡ٬
ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ .ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻢ
ﻟﻠﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ٬ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﺎً .ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ٬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻤﺎء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺎً ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺎﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ.
ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ٬ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺒﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺣﻜﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ٬
ﺇﺫ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ" ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ" ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺪ
ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ٬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎء٬
ﻭﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻏﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺁﻻﻑ
ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ ٬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺍﻣﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ":ﻟﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻻﺷﺘﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻮ
ﺑﻮﺯﻧﻬﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺎً" .ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺻﻠﻰ
ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ( ٬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ
ﻳﺼﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ – ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ) ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻳﺐ٬
ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ(. ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ ٬ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺁﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ
ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﻡ ٬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ٬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﻴﺔ ٬ﻛﻤﻌﺎﺟﻠﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ
ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻳﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎﺕ
ﻭﻧﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﻼﺕ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ٬ﺑﺨﻼﻑ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ٬ﺇﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ
ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻭﺭ ﻛﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﻬﺔ ٬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ٬ﺑﻄﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺏ .ﻭﺗﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﻄﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻞ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻼﻭﺓ ٬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ٬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻐﺬﻭﻳﺔ
ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ) ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺬﻭﺭ(
ﺗﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪﺓ ٬ﺇﺫ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍً ﺟﻴﺪﺍً ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ٬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍً ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺍً ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻱ .ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ) ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ .( 1
ﻭﺗﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺐ ﺑﻄﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺮ ٬ﻭﺭﺍﺋﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﺓ ٬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰﺓ
ﻹﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻟﻸﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء .ﻭﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮ
ﻟﺒﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻳﺘﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻟﻘﺎﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳﺔ .ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ
ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ % 50 ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻀﻢ ٬ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ
ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء (% 30 ) ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺋﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء
٬(% 20 ) ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻴﺎﻑ٬
ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﻯﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ
ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻭﺩﺍء ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺑﻲ ٬ﻭﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ٬ﻭﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ
ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ.
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ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻀﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﻣﺎﻧﺎﻥ Galactomannan ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ
٬ Probiotic bacteria ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻱPrebiotic
effect ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎﺕ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺩﻫﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ.
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ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﻥ (% 7.5 ) ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺤﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ٬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ
ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﻳﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ٬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ
ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺯﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ( ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ % 10 ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻭﻳﺘﻦ.
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ
ﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎً ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮ ٬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻴﻌﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍً ٬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ
ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ) ﺷﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ :( 1
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ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺳﺠﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺿﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻳﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ :ﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ٬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﻫﻮﻥ
ﻭﻛﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ٬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﻋﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻢ .ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ
ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ٬ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ
ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺳﺠﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺎً ٬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ
ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺞ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ
ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻗﻤﻬﺎ ٬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﻟﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ٬ﻭﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
ﻭﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺰﻣﻲ .ﻭﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍً ٬ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ
ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺳﺠﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ
ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ ٬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﻂ
ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ ٬ﺳﻌﻴﺎً ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﻼﺟﺎﺕ ﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ
ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﻂ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ
ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ ٬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ.
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﺔ :ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ
ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﺔ ٬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ٬ﻭﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ
ﻭﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺮﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ
ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻳﻴﻦ.
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ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ٬ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ
ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ٬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﺍء ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ
ﺩﻫﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺨﺎﺽ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ
ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍ ٬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ٬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ
ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺮﻭﻫﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﺎً ﻟﺪﻯ ﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮﻳﻦ
ﻟﻼﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﺓ ٬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻬﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ٬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻭﺣﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ ٬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﻟﺪﻯ
ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ٬ﻭﻣﻔﺎﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺳﻮءﺍً ﻟﺪﻯ ﻣﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ
ﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ.
ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً ٬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱء ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔﻭﺑﺬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ٬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮﺓ ٬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺄﻧﻔﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺒﺆ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍً ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﺒﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ
ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ٬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺘﺔ
ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ ٬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺅﻭﺏ ﻟﺘﻈﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ.
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ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ:
Srinivasan, K. (2006). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum): A
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ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮﻧﻴﺠﻴﻦ ()ﺃ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺐ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ :( 1 ) ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ()ﺝ ﻭ ٬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﻣﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ (ﻭ)ﺏ ٬()ﺩﻳﻮﺳﺠﻴﻨﻴﻦ
.ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻳﺠﻮﻧﻴﻠﻠﻴﻦ
ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﺔ ﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ:( ) ﺟﺪﻭﻝ
.(ﻏﻢ 100 )ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ
86.0 ()ﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ
2 ()ﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮﺟﻴﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ
380 ()ﻣﻠﻐﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﺠﺎﻧﻮﻟﻠﻴﻦ
1500 ﻣﻨﻐﻨﻴﺰ) ﻣﻠﻐﻢ(
7.0 ﺯﻧﻚ) ﻣﻠﻐﻢ(
0.1 ﻛﺮﻭﻡ) ﻣﻠﻐﻢ(
84 ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻟﻴﻚ) ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻏﻢ(
. Srinivasan (2006)
ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻄﺶ ﺤﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻛﻼﺖ ﻮﺍﺘﺨﺎﺬ ﺘﻮﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻄﻔﺎﻝ ﻨﺤﻮ ) ﺍﻀﻄﺮﺍﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻮﻄ
ﺮﻤﻀﺎﻦ )( 6890 ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺮﺍﺖ )(8005 ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ )(7252 (8051) ( ENCOPRESIS
ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺪﻮﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺼﺎﺌﺢ ﻟﺠﻠﺴﺎﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻒ ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺐ ﺍﻷﻄﻔﺎﻝ ﻮﻋﻮﺍﻤﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺮﺪﺸﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺘﺮﻮﻨﻴﺔ
ﺮﻤﻀﺎﻦ )( 6890 ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻨﻲ) ( MIND STORM ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻦ )(7255 )(8051ﻮﺤﻮﺍﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻖ
)(8007
)(8007
ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔُ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻝ
ﻫﻝ ﺃﻨﺖ ﺼﺎﺌﻢ ؟! ﻫﻝ )( 7256 ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﺎﺌﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻝ
ﺴﻤﻴﻦ )(6891 ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻝ ﻴﻌﺰﺰ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺠﺮﺒﺔ ﻤﺸﻛﻼﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ
»ﺇﻴﻛﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻴﺪﻴﺔ« ﺘﺘﺤﺪﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻖ ﻤﺜﻼً )(8053
ﻛﻮﻨﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺠﻴﺪﺓ ﻤﻊ
) 6892 ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻴﻒُ ﺒﺎﻷﻏﺬﻴﺔ )(8008
ﻄﻔﻠﻚ )(7256
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