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Laguna (province)

Laguna (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Laguna;

Spanish: Provincia de la Laguna), is a
province in the Philippines located in the
Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is
Santa Cruz and the province is situated
southeast of Metro Manila, south of the
province of Rizal, west of Quezon, north of
Batangas and east of Cavite. Laguna hugs
the southern shores of Laguna de Bay, the
largest lake in the country. As of the 2015
census, the province's total population is
3,035,081 [4]. It is also currently the seventh
richest province in the country.[5]
 Laguna
Province

Province of Laguna

Laguna Provincial Capitol

Flag Seal

Motto(s): "Laban, Laguna!"
 Coordinates: 14°10′N 121°20′E

Country Philippines

Region Calabarzon (Region

Location in the Philippines
IV-A)

Founded July 28, 1571[1][2]

Capital Santa Cruz

Government

 • Type Sangguniang
Panlalawigan

 • Governor Ramil Hernandez

(PDP–Laban)
 • Vice Governor Katherine C. Agapay
(PDP–Laban)
Area[3]

 • Total 1,917.85 km2
(740.49 sq mi)

Area rank 63rd out of 81

Highest elevation 2,170 m (7,120 ft)

(Mount Banahaw)

Population (2015 census) [4]

 • Total 3,035,081

 • Rank 3rd out of 81

 • Density 1,600/km2
(4,100/sq mi)

 • Density rank 3rd out of 81

Divisions
 • Independent cities 0
 • Component cities 6
Biñan
Cabuyao
Calamba
San Pablo
San Pedro
Santa Rosa

 • Municipalities 24
Alaminos
Bay
Calauan
Cavinti
Famy
Kalayaan
Liliw
Los Baños
Luisiana
Lumban
Mabitac
Magdalena
Majayjay
Nagcarlan
Paete
Pagsanjan
Pakil
Pangil
Pila
Rizal
Santa Cruz
Santa Maria
Siniloan
Victoria
 • Barangays 681
 • Districts 1st to 4th districts of
Laguna
Lone district of Biñan
Lone district of
Calamba
Lone district of Santa
Rosa

Demographics

 • Ethnic groups Tagalog (99%)

Bicolano (0.5%)
Ilocano (0.5%)

Time zone UTC+8 (PHT)

ZIP Code 4000–4033

IDD : area code  +63 (0)49
ISO 3166 code PH-LAG
Spoken languages Tagalog • English

HDI 0.732 (High)

HDI rank 8th (2015)

Website www.laguna.gov.ph

Laguna is notable as the birthplace of

José Rizal, the country's national hero. It is
also famous for attractions like Pagsanjan
Falls, the University of the Philippines Los
Baños and the University of the Philippines
Open University in Los Baños, the hot
spring resorts of Calamba on the slopes of
Mount Makiling, Pila historic town plaza,
Taytay Falls in Majayjay, the wood
carvings and papier-mâché created by the
people of Paeté, the annual Sampaguita
Festival in San Pedro, the turumba of Pakil,
the tsinelas footwears from Liliw, the
Pandan Festival of Luisiana, the Seven
Lakes of San Pablo, and the Nagcarlan
Underground Cemetery in Nagcarlan.

This province is a part of Greater Manila

Area.

History

Pre-Hispanic Era …
The history of the province of Laguna, and
that of the Southern Tagalog region, dates
as far back as 900 AD. The Laguna
Copperplate Inscription is the oldest
known written document found in the
Philippines, which talks of its subject
being released from a debt to the King of
Tondo. Pre-Hispanic settlement in the area
can be dated to prehistoric times, as
evidenced in the names of towns such as
Pila, Laguna, whose name can be traced to
the straight mounds of dirt that form the
boundaries of the rice paddy, or Pilapil.

A prominent figure during the time of pre-

Hispanic contact is Gat Pangil, a chieftain
in the area. The towns of Bay, Pangil and
Pakil were reputed to have once been a
part of his domain, although accounts vary
on who exactly Gat Pangil was.

16th Century …

The Province of Laguna, which was

formerly called La Laguna and La Provincia
de la Laguna de Bay, was named after
Laguna de Bay, the body of water that
forms its northern boundary.[6] Laguna de
Bay, in turn, was named after the town of
Bay, the first provincial capital. Captain
Juan de Salcedo with a band of one
hundred Spanish-Mexican soldiers
conquered the province and its
surrounding regions for Spain in 1571. The
province of La Laguna comprised the
modern province of Laguna, as well as
parts of what is now known as Rizal and
Quezon.

In 1577, the Franciscan missionaries

arrived in Manila, and in 1578 they started
evangelizing Laguna, Morong (now Rizal),
Tayabas (now Quezon) and the Bicol
Peninsula. Juan de Plasencia and Diego
de Oropesa were the earliest Franciscans
sent to these places. From 1580, the
towns of Bay, Caliraya, Majayjay,
Nagcarlan, Liliw, Pila, Santa Cruz, Lumban,
Pangil and Siniloan were founded. During
the time of Governor-General Gomez Perez
Dasmarinas, the province of La Laguna
was divided into the following
encomiendas:[7][8][9]

Mirabago - Currently the areas

surrounding, Liliw, and Nagcarlan.
Tabuco - Currently the areas
surrounding San Pedro, Biñan, Santa
Rosa, Cabuyao, and Calamba.
Taitay - Currently Taytay, Rizal.
Bay - The area surrounding Bay, Laguna,
and Los Baños, Laguna.
Pila - The area that is now Pila, Victoria,
Pililla, Rizal, and Jala-Jala, Rizal
Mahaihai - Currently the area around
Majayjay, Magdalena, and Luisiana
Lumbang - The largest encomienda,
containing what is now known as
Lumban, Santa Cruz, Paete, Pakil,
Cavinti, and Pagsanjan.
Tayaval - Tayabas, now known as
Quezon.
Panguil - Now Pangil, Laguna.
Sinaloa - The area surrounding Siniloan,
Famy and Mabitac.
Moron - Currently the areas surrounding
Morong, including the town of Santa
 Maria, formerly known as Caboan.
Nayun - Nayum, Currently Tiaong,
Quezon.

By 1591, there were approximately 48,400

people living in the province.

17th and 18th Century …

Laguna was the site of multiple

engagements during the Sangley
Rebellion.[6] In 1603, Antonio de Morga
relates how the Chinese rebels scattered
to three divisions, one of which went to the
mountains of San Pablo.[10] Captain Don
Luys de Velasco, aided by Spanish and
Filipino forces, was successful in pursuing
the rebels. Eventually the Chinese were
able to kill Luys de Velasco and ten of his
men, before securing themselves in San
Pablo while waiting for reinforcement from
the mainland. On the 20th of October,
1603, Governor-General Pedro Bravo de
Acuña then sent Captain Cristoval de
Axqueta Menchaca to pursue and crush
the rebellion and was successful after
twenty days of fighting.

Around this time the hot springs of Los

Baños and San Pablo were known to the
Spanish, and a hospital was built in the
area. By 1622 the hospital was notable
enough to be mentioned by the
Archbishop of Manila at the time, Miguel
García Serrano in his letter to King Philip
IV.[11]

In 1639, a second rebellion involving the

Chinese occurred, and the rebels fortified
themselves in the highlands of Cavinti and
Lumban before surrendering in Pagsanjan
a year later.

Facade of the Cathedral Parish of Saint Paul the

Hermit, San Pablo, Laguna
In 1670, a delimitation of borders were
made between Lucban, Majayjay and
Cavite. The most populous town at that
time, Bay, was capital of the province until
1688, when the seat of the provincial
government was moved to Pagsanján.
Pagsanján would be the provincial seat
until 1858 when it was moved once again
to Santa Cruz. In 1754, the Province of
Laguna and Tayabas were divided, with the
Malinao River separating the towns of
Majayjay and Lucban.[12]

In 1678, Fray Hernando Cabrera founded

San Pablo de los Montes (now San Pablo
City) and built a wooden church and
convent considered as the best and finest
in the province.[12]

Fighting extended to Laguna during the

British occupation of Manila between the
years of 1762–64. A detachment of British
troops under Captain Thomas Backhouse
entered the province in search of the silver
cargo of the galleon Filipina while
Francisco de San Juan led a band of
volunteers that fought them in several
engagements in and around the then
provincial capital of Pagsanjan.
Backhouse plundered the town and burned
its newly reconstructed church but San
Juan succeeded in escaping with the
precious hoard to Pampanga where the
treasure greatly bolstered the defense
effort of Governor-General Simón de Anda
y Salazar. For his actions, San Juan was
made a brigade commander and alcalde
mayor of Tayabas (now Quezon)
province.[12]

19th Century …

A major event in Laguna occurred in 1840,

when religious intolerance led the people
of Majayjay, Nagcarlan, Bay, and Biñan to
join the revolt of Hermano Pule (Apolinario
de la Cruz) of Lucban, Tayabas.[12] This
revolt was eventually crushed by Governor-
General Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri.

As part of political restructuring during the

19th century, the municipalities of Morong,
Pililla, Tanay, Baras, Binangonan, Jalajala,
Angono and Cardona were separated from
Laguna and re-organized to the province
Politico-Militar Distrito de Morong. In 1858,
the provincial capital was once again
moved from Pagsanjan to Santa Cruz,
where it stands until today.

In 1861, José Rizal was born in Calamba

to Francisco Mercado and Teodora
Alonso. Rizal would become one of the
leading members of the Propaganda
Movement, who advocated political
reforms for the colony. Rizal would go on
to write two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, which in part fueled
additional anti-colonial sentiment,
contributing to the eventual Philippine
Revolution. In 1896, thousands of
inhabitants, especially of Bay, Los Baños,
Nagcarlan, Magdalena, Santa Cruz, and
Pagsanjan had joined the revolutionary
Katipunan.[12] Rizal was executed on
December 30, 1896, on charges of
rebellion. Today Rizal is recognized as one
of the national heroes of the Philippines.
Historical marker of the Battle of Sambat, Pagsanjan,
Laguna

Laguna was one of the eight provinces to

rise in revolt against the Spanish misrule
led by Generals Paciano Rizal in Calamba,
Severino Taiño in Pagsanjan, Agueda
Kahabagan in Calauan, and Miguel Malvar
in Batangas.[6] One of the early
engagements of the revolution was the
Battle of Sambat, in Pagsanjan.
Katipuneros from Laguna, led by Severino
Taiño, took the city of Pagsanjan and
attempted to use it as a starting point
towards the liberation of the province, but
was quelled by forces led by Basilio
Augustin.[13]

The defeat in Sambat meant the end of

large-scale organized revolt in Laguna, the
Malungingnging chapter of the Katipunan
failing to replicate the relative success of
the revolution in Cavite. The
revolutionaries resorted to hit-and-run and
guerrilla tactics against the Spanish,
lasting until the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on
December 14 to 15, 1897.[12] It was only
after the execution of Jose Rizal that the
revolution flared up again, culminating in
the Battle of Calamba in May 1898, and
the surrender of the last Spanish garrison
in Laguna in Santa Cruz, on August 31 of
the same year.

Laguna actively supported the First

Philippine Republic proclaimed at Malolos
on January 23, 1899. Its two delegates to
the Malolos Congress were Don Higino
Benítez and Don Graciano Cordero, both
natives of Pagsanján.[12]

20th Century …
Upon the outbreak of the Philippine–
American War, Generals Juan Cailles and
Paciano Rizal led the defense of Laguna
during the war's early stages. The Battle of
Mabitac was fought in defense of the town
of Mabitac and was won by Filipino forces.
However, forces led by Henry W. Lawton
fought and won in Santa Cruz, Pagsanjan,
and Paete, effectively securing the
province for American forces. Resistance
still occurred during this time. One of the
province's folk hero during the continuing
engagements was Teodoro Asedillo, who
was considered a bandit by American
forces.
By the end of the war, the entire country
was occupied by American forces and was
taken as a colony. The Taft Commission
was established to govern the Philippines
during the interim period, which appointed
Juan Cailles as the provincial governor of
Laguna. Act No. 83, or the Provincial
Government Act, established a civilian
government under American occupation.
During this time, roads were built, schools
were established, and in 1917, the Manila
Railroad Company extended its line to
Laguna as far as Pagsanjan.

During the Japanese occupation of the

Philippines (1942–1945), Laguna was a
center of Filipino resistance despite the
presence of Makapili collaborators.[12]

Marking's Guerrillas raided the Cine

Lumban in Laguna in June 1942 in an
attempt to free the 115 American POWs.
Only one American was rescued, Corporal
George Lightman of the 3rd Pursuit
Squadron, because the ranking American
captain ordered his men to stay where
they were. The Japanese executed 10
American prisoners in retribution.[14][15]

The establishment of the military general

headquarters and military camp bases of
the Philippine Commonwealth Army and
the Philippine Constabulary is a military
unit organization was founded on January
3, 1942 to June 30, 1946 in the province of
Laguna, and aided of the local military
regular units of the Philippine
Commonwealth Army 4th and 42nd
Infantry Division and the Philippine
Constabulary 4th Constabulary Regiment.
Started the engagements of the Anti-
Japanese Military Operations in Southern
Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan from 1942 to
1945 against the Japanese Imperial
forces.

Beginning in 1945, attacks by the Filipino

soldiers of the 4th, 42nd, 43rd, 45th, 46th
and 47th Infantry Division of the Philippine
Commonwealth Army, 4th Constabulary
Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary
and the recognized guerrillas against
Japanese forces in Laguna increased in
anticipation of the Liberation of the
Philippines by joint Filipino & American
forces.

Geography
Laguna covers a total area of
1,917.85 km2 (740.49 sq mi)[16] occupying
the north‑central section of the Calabarzon
region in Luzon. The province is situated
southeast of Metro Manila, south of Rizal,
west of Quezon, north of Batangas and
east of Cavite. Laguna is the third largest
province in the Calabarzon region and the
63rd largest in the entire country. The
municipalities of Cavinti and the city of
San Pablo have the largest land areas with
203.58 km2 (78.60 sq mi) and 197.56 km2
(76.28 sq mi), respectively. The
municipality of Victoria has the smallest
land area with 57.46 km2 (22.19 sq mi).

Laguna lies on the southern shores of

Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the
country. The land near Laguna de Bay can
be considered to be narrow and flat, while
become more rugged going further inland
towards the mountainous areas of Sierra
Madre, Mount Makiling, and Mount
Banahaw.[17]

Aerial view of Mount Banahaw

Laguna is home to 24 mountains, most of

which are inactive volcanoes. The highest
peak in Laguna is Mt. Banahaw, with an
elevation of 2,170 m (7,120 ft). Banahaw,
unlike most other volcanoes in Laguna, is
an active complex stratovolcano, which
last erupted in 1843. Banahaw is located
in the boundary of Laguna and Quezon
and is home to multiple hot springs.[18]
Laguna is also home to the Laguna
Volcanic Field, which can be found near
San Pablo. The Laguna Volcanic Field is
composed of over 200 dormant and
monogenetic maars, crater lakes, scoria
cones and stratovolcanoes, the tallest of
which is Mount Makiling at 1,090 m
(3,580 ft) in elevation.

San Pablo itself is known for its seven

crater lakes, the largest of which is Lake
Sampaloc. Apart from the Laguna de Bay
and the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, there
are also two reservoir lakes that can be
found in Laguna, the Lake Caliraya and
Lumot Lake. These two man-made lakes
were formed by the creation of the
Caliraya Dam and the Lumot Dam.

View of Pagsanjan Falls from inside the Devil's Cave

Due to its proximity to Laguna de Bay,

Laguna is home to a large number of its
tributaries. One of the most famous rivers
in Laguna is the Bumbungan River, also
known as the Pagsanjan River, named
after the town of Pagsanjan and its falls.
The Pagsanjan Falls lie at the end of the
river. The Pagsanjan Falls are a three-drop
waterfall with a longest drop of 120 m
(390 ft).

Laguna has 60,624 ha (606.24 km2) of

alienable and disposable agricultural land,
mostly found near the low-lying areas.
Around 41,253 ha (412.53 km2), or 23.44%
of Laguna's total land area is forest land,
situated near Mount Makiling and further
south towards Quezon.[19] Laguna has an
estimated 16,205 ha (162.05 km2) of
forest cover, ranking it third in the
region.[20]

Climate …

The province is relatively dry from

November to April and wet during the rest
of the year for a small portion near the
southern boundary. The other parts, west
of Santa Cruz municipality, experience a
dry season from November to April and
rainy season during the rest of the year.
The eastern and southernmost portions do
not have distinct season, with rainfall more
evenly distributed throughout the year.[21]
Laguna is classified under the Köppen
climate classification as predominantly
having a Tropical monsoon climate, mostly
centered around the areas of Calamba to
Calauan. The area stretching from Biñan to
Cabuyao is classified as having a Tropical
savanna climate, while the area from
Luisiana to Pangil has a Tropical rainforest
climate.[22]

Administrative divisions …
Laguna comprises 24 municipalities and 6
cities. The provincial capital of Laguna is
Santa Cruz. As of the 2015 census, there
are 3,035,081 people in the province. [4]

 †  Capital municipality

 ∗  Component city
  Municipality
 City or
District[16] Popu
municipality

(2015) [4] (20

Alaminos 3rd 1.6% 47,859 4

Bay 2nd 2.0% 62,143 5

Biñan ∗ Lone[1] 11.0% 333,028 28

Cabuyao ∗ 2nd 10.2% 308,745 24

Calamba ∗ Lone[2] 15.0% 454,486 38

Calauan 3rd 2.7% 80,453 7

Cavinti 4th 0.7% 21,702 2

Famy 4th 0.5% 16,587 1

Kalayaan 4th 0.8% 23,269 2

Liliw 3rd 1.2% 36,582 3

Los Baños[3] 2nd 3.7% 112,008 10

Luisiana 4th 0.6% 19,720 2

Lumban 4th 1.0% 30,652 2

Mabitac 4th 0.7% 20,530 1

Magdalena 4th 0.8% 25,266 2

Majayjay 4th 0.9% 27,792 2

Nagcarlan 3rd 2.1% 63,057 5

Paete 4th 0.8% 25,096 2

Pagsanjan 4th 1.4% 42,164 3

Pakil 4th 0.7% 20,659 2

Pangil 4th 0.8% 24,274 2

Pila 4th 1.7% 50,289 4

Rizal 3rd 0.6% 17,253 1

San Pablo ∗ 3rd 8.8% 266,068 24

San
∗ 1st 10.7% 325,809 29
Pedro

Santa
† 4th 3.9% 117,605 11
Cruz

Santa Maria 4th 1.0% 30,830 2

Santa
∗ 1st 11.7% 353,767 28
Rosa

Siniloan 4th 1.3% 38,067 3

Victoria 3rd 1.3% 39,321 3

Total 3,035,081 2,66

A.
1 Biñan was constituted into its own con

However, for the purposes of electi

2 Calamba was constituted into it

However, for the purposes of electi

3 Los Baños was declared as the Special S

The proclamation, however, does not conv

Demographics
Population census of Laguna

Year Pop. ±% p.a. Year Pop. ±%

1903148,606 —     1980 973,104+3.
1918195,546+1.85% 19901,370,232+3.
1939279,505+1.72% 19951,631,082+3.
1948321,247+1.56% 20001,965,872+4.
1960472,064+3.26% 20072,473,530+3.
1970699,736+4.01% 20102,669,847+2.
1975803,750+2.82% 20153,035,081+2.

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority [4] [23] [29]

The population of Laguna in the 2015

census was 3,035,081 people, [4] with a
density of 1,600 inhabitants per square
kilometre or 4,100 inhabitants per square
mile. Calamba is the most populous city in
Laguna, accounting for 15% of the
provincial population with 454,486
inhabitants, while Famy is the smallest
municipality in Laguna with a total
population of 16,587. In terms of
population density, San Pedro has the
largest with a density of 14,000/km2
(36,000/sq mi), while Cavinti is the
smallest with a density of 110/km2
(280/sq mi). Most of the people in Laguna
live in the cities of San Pedro, Biñan, Santa
Rosa, Cabuyao, and Calamba, accounting
to 58.51% of the population of the
province. Laguna is the 3rd most populous
province in the Philippines and also the 3rd
densest. Laguna has a median age of 24.9
years.[30]

Being in the middle of the Southern

Tagalog Region, almost all people in
Laguna speak Tagalog, with 99.2% of the
population being fluent in it. There is a
minority of people fluent in Ilocano,
Bicolano and Waray. A significant portion
of the workforce in Laguna can read and
speak English and Filipino.[31] In 2000,
literacy in Laguna was at 96.22%.[30]

Religion …
Laguna was historically one of the first
provinces in the Philippines to have been
visited by Christian missionaries. Today,
the province, like the rest of the country, is
predominantly Christian, with most being a
part of the Roman Catholic Church. The
Diocese of San Pablo is the only Roman
Catholic diocese in Laguna. Other
Christian denominations present in
Laguna are the Philippine Independent
Church, the Iglesia ni Cristo, Baptists, Ang
Dating Daan and other Mainline
Protestants. Most non-Christians in
Laguna practice Islam, Anitism, animism,
or atheism.
Economy

Poverty Incidence of Laguna

Source: Philippine Statistics

Authority[32][33][34][35][36][37][38]

Present-day Laguna shows a thriving

economy. With a population of 3,035,081
(2015 census), [4] and a total area of
1,760 km2 (680 sq mi) of land, Laguna
produces millions of pesos worth of
coconuts, rice, sugar, citrus fruits,
lanzones and other products. Tourists
flock to its beauty spots, especially
Pagsanjan Falls, Calamba and Los Baños
hot springs, Mount Makiling, Caliraya Lake
and many others. Levels of development
vary. The towns near Metro Manila have
become industrialized whereas the inner
towns continue to engage in agricultural
production or pursue agri-based industries
and cottage and small-scale industries.[12]
In 2015, Laguna was reported to have an
equity of PHP 4.474 billion, the second
highest in the region behind Cavite.[39]
Laguna is labeled as the Detroit of the
Philippines because of the presence of
major vehicle manufacturers in the city of
Santa Rosa. It is also considered as the
Silicon Valley of the Philippines because of
the vast number of electronic and semi-
conductor companies operating in the
province. Laguna is also the Resort Capital
of the Philippines for it houses more than
700 hot spring resorts in the areas of
Calamba and Los Baños.[40][19]

Natural resources …

The main natural resources of Laguna are

in its agriculture and fisheries, owing to its
position near the Laguna de Bay and the
surrounding lowlands.

There are about forty rivers in Laguna with

a total area of almost 0.5 km2
(0.19 sq mi). The Laguna de Bay has an
approximate area of 3,800 square
kilometres (1,500 sq mi) broken down into
2,900 square kilometres (1,100 sq mi) of
land and 900 km2 (350 sq mi) of lake
proper with 220 kilometres (140 mi)
shoreline. The shores of Laguna de Bay
provide fishing grounds capable of
producing 41,000 metric tons
(41,000,000 kg) of fish, or roughly two-
thirds of the fresh water fish requirements
of Metro Manila.[19]

Laguna has an estimated 300 million US

gallons (1,100,000 m3) of underground
water. At least seven principal water
basins in the province with a total of 5,773
square kilometres (2,229 sq mi) drainage
area and 1,316 square kilometres
(508 sq mi) level area provide an
estimated 9.238 square kilometres
(3.567 sq mi) total run-off annually.[19]
There are two major watershed reserves in
Laguna, the Malabanban Cabunsod
Watershed Forest Reserve in San Pablo,
and the Caliraya-Lumot River Watershed
Forest Reserve, which spans the
municipalities of Paete, Cavinti, Kalayaan,
and Lumban. Overall, these two
watersheds span an area of 11,164.71 ha
(27,588.6 acres).[41]

Laguna has a relatively small mining

industry compared to the other provinces
in the region, with only 11 non-metallic
mines registered in the region, and only 8
of which are operating. These mines are
found in Santa Cruz, Magdalena, Siniloan,
Lumban, and San Pablo. A total of
39.7823 ha (0.397823 km2) are used for
mining purposes.[42] Aggregates make up
the largest amount in Laguna's mineral
industry, with a value of PHP 16,995,923.
Overall, Laguna's mining economy
contributes 8.87% to the region's total
mining economy.[43]

Agricultural activities …

Laguna has 60,624 hectares (149,810

acres) of alienable and disposable
agricultural land. About 41,253 hectares
(101,940 acres) or 23.44% of Laguna's
total land area is forest land.[19] In 2002,
there were 38,445 farms in Laguna. The
top five crops produced in Laguna are rice,
maize, coconuts, mangoes, and
bananas.[30] Other crops grown in the
province include Robusta coffee,[44]
pineapple, lanzones, rambutan,[45] and
sugarcane.[46] Calamba was once the site
of a sugar cane mill, although the decline
of the sugar industry during the 1970s and
1980s resulted in its eventual shutdown.

Rice farming is an important part of

Laguna's agriculture, with approximately
30,619 ha (306.19 km2) of land used for
cultivating 130,904 metric tons
(130,904,000 kg) of rice.[30] Los Baños is
also the site of multiple research
institutions specializing in rice, such as the
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),
the ASEAN Center for Biodiversity (ACB)
and the Southeast Asian Regional center
for Graduate Study and Research in
Agriculture (SEARCA), among others.[19]

Laguna de Bay, with a surface area of 900

kilometres (560 mi), is the province's main
fishing ground producing 410,000 metric
tons (410,000,000 kg) of fish. Carp and
tilapia fingerlings are also being grown in
inland ponds and freshwater fish pens.
There are a total of 457 operators utilizing
an area of 1,839 ha (18.39 km2) for fish
pens and fish cages. Aside from the
Laguna de Bay, approximately 12% of the
area in the Seven Lakes of San Pablo is
being used for aquaculture.
Industry and commerce …

Muntinlupa-San Pedro Arch-Bridge, the

boundary between Metro Manila and
Laguna Province/Calabarzon.

Southwoods Mall in Biñan City, Laguna

The view of the city proper of Santa Rosa
in Laguna

The St. Polycarp Parish in Cabuyao beside

the city plaza
 An aerial view of Calamba City

Jose Rizal Avenue in San Pablo City,

Laguna
 Robinsons Galleria South in San Pedro
City, Laguna

Laguna is home to twenty-one economic

zones as registered under the Philippine
Economic Zone Authority.[47] Most of
these economic zones are located in
Santa Rosa, Biñan, and Calamba. The
largest economic zone in Laguna is the
Laguna Technopark, located in Santa Rosa
and Biñan, with an area of 337.215
hectares (3.37215 km2). Laguna is home
to a large automotive industry, with Toyota
Motor Philippines, Nissan Motor
Philippines, Honda Philippines
Incorporated, and Mitsubishi Motors
Philippines all having plants in Santa Rosa.

Laguna has a growing business process

outsourcing industry, with companies such
as IBM and Convergys establishing offices
in Santa Rosa. PEZA lists 4 IT parks and 1
IT Center in Laguna. [47] Business districts
and shopping malls continues to arise
bringing opportunities and attractive
places to dine and relax.

Infrastructure
Road network …

The South Luzon Expressway connects Laguna to

Metro Manila

Laguna has a total of 348 kilometres

(216 mi) of national roads, all paved.[48]
Daang Maharlika (Route 1, AH26),
Calamba - Santa Cruz - Pagsanjan
Road(Route 66) and Manila East Road
(Route 601, Route 602, Route 603), and
San Pablo - Calauan Road (Route 67), form
the highway network backbone, and
secondary and tertiary national roads
interconnect most municipalities, with
Magdalena only connected by provincial
road. Provincial roads serves as a
supplement to the national roads, and
connects barangays and municipalities
not connected to the main network. The
highway network is interconnected with
nearby provinces and Metro Manila.

The South Luzon Expressway (SLEx)

passes through Laguna. A public-private
partnership initiative of the national
government include plans to build a
circumferential road along Laguna de Bay
shoreline, the Laguna de Bay Flood Control
Dike Expressway (or C-6 Extension),[49]
from San Pedro to Siniloan. Some of the
proposed road networks is the Calamba-
Los Baños Expressway[19][50] and the
Cavite–Laguna Expressway that will
connect the provinces of Cavite and
Laguna.

Power …

Three power generating plants are

operating in the province.[19]

Botocan Hydro-electric Plant (25MW) —

Majayjay
 Caliraya Hydro-electric Plant (23.5 MW)
— Kalayaan
Mak-Ban Geothermal Plant (20MW) —
Bay

Meralco, the main electricity distributor of

Metro Manila, has also the franchise for
most of Laguna.[19] Most of the
municipalities on the 4th District, however,
are franchise areas of First Laguna Electric
Cooperative (FLECO).
Government

Municipal Hall of Santa Cruz

The seat of the provincial government of

Laguna is Santa Cruz, and has been the
capital since 1858. Historically, the
provincial government was seated in Bay
(1581-1688) and Pagsanjan (1688-1858)
before setting in Santa Cruz.
The provincial government is organized
under a governor and vice governor, as
well as the Laguna Provincial Board.
Laguna is divided to four districts for the
purposes of electing members of the
provincial board. On a municipal level, the
province is governed by mayors and their
own legislatures, the Sangguniang
Panlungsod and Sangguniang Bayan for
cities and municipalities, respectively.
Each municipality is further composed for
barangays, which are headed by a Punong
Barangay and legislated by a Sangguniang
Barangay.
Provincial Government …

The governor of Laguna is Ramil

Hernandez, who is a member of the
Nacionalista Party.
 Governor

  Ramil Hernandez

Vice Governor

  Katherine Agapay

Provincial Board

Ma. Rene Anne Jose Abigael

1st Lourdes G. Magtanggol D.
District Matibag C. Carait III Alonte
(PDPLBN) (NP) (NP)

Neptali
Peewee P.
2nd Christian Niño P.
Perez
District S. Lajara (NP) Bagnes
(PDPLBN)
(PFP)

3rd Angelica B. Alejandro Y.

District Alarva(PFP) Yu (NP)
 4th Ma. Jamina Rai-ann
District Katherine B. Agustine
Agarao San Luis
(PDPLBN) (NP)

House of Representatives …

On the legislative level, the province is

divided into six legislative districts, each of
which elect their own representative to the
House of Representatives. Of the five
available seats for Laguna, 4 of them were
won by members of the Liberal Party. The
3rd District was won by Sol Aragones, who
is a member of the United Nationalist
Alliance. The newest district, the Lone
District of the City of Calamba, will have its
first election in 2019.[51]

District Representative

  Danilo
1st District
Fernandez

  Ruth
2nd District
Hernandez

3rd District   Sol Aragones

  Benjamin
4th District
Agarao

  Marlyn Alonte-
Lone District of Biñan
Naguiat

Lone District of the City of   Joaquin

Calamba Chipeco
Legend:

  Nacionalista Party

  Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan

Arts and culture

Mural at the Santiago Apostol Parish Church

Laguna is a major contributor to the

development of arts in the Philippines.
Paete is known as the Woodcarving Capital
of the Philippines[52] for the murals found
in the Saint James the Apostle Parish
Church. The church houses three murals
created by Luciano Dans depicting images
of Heaven, Earth, and Hell, as well as other
murals of Saint Christopher. Some of
these murals, however, need restoration as
they have been infested by termites.
Manuel Baldemor is an internationally
acclaimed woodcarver born in Paete.
Another famous icon in Laguna is the Our
Lady of Turumba, found in Pakil.

Much like the rest of the country, Laguna

celebrates multiple feasts and festivals
throughout the year. Each barangay has
their own fiesta in homage to a patron
saint. Some of Laguna's famous festivals
include the Turumba Festival in Pakil, the
Pinya Festival in Calauan, and the Tsinelas
Festival in Liliw.

Tourism
Laguna has a large tourist industry, owing
to its historical and natural resources. The
Department of Tourism currently accredits
two hotels, one inn, six resorts, one
establishment, one restaurant, four tour
operations, four tour guides, and two
museums in the province.[53] Laguna also
has a total of 239 accredited tourist
attractions, the second largest in the
region behind Batangas. Tourism in
Laguna is large, although most of the
visitors to tourist spots are foreigners, as
opposed to other provinces in
Calabarzon.[54]

Rizal Shrine

Owing to its long history, Laguna has a

host of sites that showcase the different
periods of history in Laguna. The Rizal
Shrine in Calamba is the ancestral home
of the Philippines' national hero, Jose
Rizal. Other historical sites include the
Alberto House in Biñan, the Cuartel de
Santo Domingo in Santa Rosa, the
Pagsanjan Municipal Hall, the Pagsanjan
Arch, the Nagcarlan Underground
Cemetery, the ancestral homes and
Pinagbayanan crematorium in Pila, Emilio
Jacinto Shrine in Santa Cruz, the Baker
Memorial Hall in UP Los Baños, and the
Tipakan in Luisiana.

Other historical markers include the

Japanese Garden in Cavinti and the
Homma-Yamashita Shrine in Los Baños,
both of which commemorate the
Japanese occupation of the Philippines
during the Second World War, the
memorial sites of the Battle of Sambat in
Pagsanjan and the Battle of Mabitac in
Mabitac, and the Bantayog ng Kagitingan,
Bantayog ng mga Bayani, Trece Martires
Monument, and the Bonifacio Monument
in San Pablo.[55]

Saint Gregory the Great Parish Church in Majayjay

There are multiple historical and
educational museums in Laguna in
addition to its historical sites, such as the
Pila Memorial Museum in Pila, the
Salvador Laurel Museum and Library in
San Pedro,[56] the Museo de Santa Rosa in
Santa Rosa, the Danilo Daleňa House of
Paintings in Pakil, the Bahay Laguna in
Magdalena, and the Monterola Museum in
Nagcarlan.[57] Los Baños is home to
multiple museums, such as the IRRI
Riceworld Museum, the Museum of
Natural History, the Museum of the Wildlife
Collections of Dr. Dioscoro Rabor, and the
Entomology Museum.[58]
Laguna is home to some of the oldest
churches in the Philippines, dating back to
the end of the 16th century. The St. James
the Apostle Parish Church in Paete, and
the Saint Gregory the Great Parish Church
in Majayjay are considered to be some of
the oldest in the province, dating as far
back as 1578 and 1571, respectively.

Other historical churches in the provinces

include the Saint Paul the First Hermit
Cathedral in San Pablo, the Transfiguration
of our Lord Parish Church in Cavinti, the
Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Parish
Church in Mabitac, the Immaculate
Conception Parish Church in Los Baños,
the Saint John the Baptist Church in Liliw,
the St. John the Baptist Church in
Calamba, where Rizal was baptized, the
Saint Peter of Alcantara Parish Church in
Pakil, which houses the Our Lady of
Turumba painting, the Immaculate
Conception Parish Church in Santa Cruz,
St. Polycarp Church and the Diocesan
Shrine of San Vicente Ferrer in Cabuyao,
Santa Rose de Lima Parish Church in
Santa Rosa, and the Diocesan Shrine of
Jesus in the holy Sepulchre (Lolo Uweng)
and the San Pedro Apostol Parish Church
in San Pedro. Lolo Uweng Church was
known as the Quiapo Church of the
South.[59]
Nuvali Wakepark

Laguna contains many natural tourist

spots, owing to its geography and climate.
Laguna is home to the Laguna Volcanic
Field, a group of 200 volcanoes and
maars. The highest feature of these fields
is Mount Makiling, which is also
considered to be a holy mountain. The
Seven Lakes of San Pablo are also part of
this field. The highest peak in Laguna is
Mount Banahaw, which it shares with the
province of Quezon. Laguna also features
multiple waterfalls, such as the Pagsanjan
Falls, the Buruwisan Falls in Siniloan, the
Botocan and Taytay Falls in Majayjay, the
Talon ng Aliw and the Hulugan Falls, both
in Luisiana. Other attractions in the
province include the Cavinti Underground
River and Caves Complex, the Simbahang
Bato in Luisiana, the Dalitiwan River in
Majayjay, and the Crocodile Park in Los
Baños.[60]

There are also multiple man-made tourist

attractions and parks located in Laguna.
The Enchanted Kingdom theme park is
found in Santa Rosa and is accredited by
the Department of Tourism. Other parks in
Laguna include the Valesol Haven, the Boy
Scouts of the Philippines Camp, the Maria
Makiling Park, and the Makiling Botanical
Garden, all found in Los Baños; the Wawa
Park in Paete, and the Public Plaza of San
Pablo.

Calamba and Los Baños are famous for its

resorts and hot springs, lending to it the
title of Resort Capital of the Philippines.
Other sites include the Turumba
Swimming Pool in Pakil, the Caliraya Lake,
Dagatan Boulevard in San Pablo, and the
Sampaloc Lake Staircase.[61]
Education

Highest Educational Attainment (2010, Non-

Overseas Residents)
No grade completed 54,496
Pre-school 72,616
Elementary   658,927
High school   926,456
Post-secondary 108,166
College undergraduate   263,068
Academic degree holder   287,904
Post baccalaureate 5,153
Not stated 2,419
 Highest Educational Attainment (2010,
Overseas Workers)
No grade completed 28
Pre-school 6
Elementary 3,298
High school   17,773
Post-secondary   7,333
College undergraduate   10,041
Academic degree holder   21,557
Post baccalaureate 214
Not stated 44

Education rates in Laguna are high. In

2010 there were approximately 2,382,512
out of 2,669,847 people having attained
some form of education. The literacy rate
of Laguna in 2000 was 96.22%.[30] Most
people in Laguna are high school
graduates, while most overseas workers
from Laguna have a college degree.

There are 586 public schools in Laguna,

composed of 458 public schools and 128
secondary schools. The city of San Pablo
has the greatest number of public schools
with 79, while the municipality of Rizal has
the least with four.[62]

MCL Rizal Hall at Malayan Colleges Laguna

Laguna is home to multiple schools and
universities. There are an estimated 18
universities and 37 colleges in the
province. There are 3 state universities in
Laguna with a total of 11 campuses:
Laguna State Polytechnic University,
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, Polytechnic
University of the Philippines, and the
University of the Philippines Los Baños.
UPLB is also one of the oldest universities
in the Philippines, having been established
in 1909. The International Rice Research
Institute can be found within the UPLB
campus and is known internationally for
its work in developing rice technologies.
There are also multiple private colleges in
Laguna. Some colleges and universities
with main campuses in Metro Manila have
also established satellite campuses in
Laguna, such as Lyceum of the Philippines
University-Laguna, De La Salle Canlubang,
San Sebastian College – Recoletos,
Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and
Malayan Colleges Laguna. Most recently
the University of Santo Tomas has
announced that it will establish a campus
in Santa Rosa.

Notable alumni from colleges in Laguna

include Teodoro Casiño, a former member
of the House of Representatives; Eduardo
Cojuangco Jr., the chairman of San Miguel
Corporation; and Jerrold Tarog, film
director.

Notable people
José Rizal, writer, propagandist, national
hero of the Philippines
Paciano Rizal, military general and
revolutionary; older brother of José Rizal
Pedro Pelaez, educator, priest, known as
the Father of Filipinization of the Church
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, lawyer
and author of the Declaration of
Philippine Independence
Marcelo Adonay, Filipino church
composer, musician, organist, musical
director, and music teacher
Agueda Kahabagan, Filipina general of
the Philippine Revolutionary Army
Saturnina Rizal Hidalgo, José Rizal's
eldest sister
Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, one of the
three women, together with Marcela
Agoncillo and her daughter Lorenza,
who seamed together the Flag of the
Philippines. Niece of José Rizal.
Vicente Lim, World War II general
José Maceda, National Artist of the
Philippines for Music
Encarnacion Alzona - National Scientist
of the Philippines for Philippine History
Dioscoro L. Umali - National Scientist of
the Philippines for Agriculture and Rural
Development
Eduardo Quisumbing - National Scientist
of the Philippines for Plant Taxonomy,
Systematics, and Morphology
Dolores Ramirez – National Scientist of
the Philippines for Biochemical Genetics
& Cytogenetics
Bienvenido O. Juliano – National
Scientist of the Philippines for
Biochemistry
Gelia Tagumpay Castillo – National
Scientist of the Philippines for Rural
Sociology
Emil Q. Javier, National Scientist of the
Philippines for Agriculture, and 17th
President of the University of the
Philippines
Gregorio F. Zaide, historian, author,
known as the Dean of Filipino
Historiographers
Leandro H. Fernandez - educator, author
and historian
Cielito Habito, economist, professor,
former NEDA Director-General
Alfredo E. Evangelista, archaeologist
Francisco E. Baisas, entomologist
regarded as the "Dean of Philippine
Culicidologists"
José Fabella - Filipino physician and a
public health advocate, Father of Public
Health and Social Welfare in the
Philippines.
Pedro Guevara, soldier, lawyer, and
legislator
Crispin Oben, lawyer, member of the
First Philippine Assembly
Estanislao Fernandez, lawyer, former
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
of the Philippines
Conrado Benitez - First Dean of College
of Liberal Arts at the University of the
Philippines, educator and author, one of
the drafters of the Philippines' 1935
constitution.
Ernesto Maceda, former councilor of
Manila, Senate President, columnist, and
lawyer
Joey Lina, former governor, senator and
DILG secretary, current DZMM radio
program anchor and Manila Bulletin
columnist
ER Ejercito, Multi-Awarded Actor, Former
Mayor of Pagsanjan and Former
Governor of Laguna
Leo M. Drona, Catholic Priest. Second
Bishop of the Diocese of San Jose,
Nueva Ecija and Third Bishop of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo,
Laguna.
Celso Ad. Castillo, film director and
screenwriter.
Sol Aragones, former news reporter and
host of ABS-CBN News and Current
Affairs, incumbent legislator
Ariella Arida, fashion model, television
personality, Miss Universe-Philippines
2013, Miss Universe 2013 3rd Runner-up
Charice Pempengco, singer
Angeli Gonzales, actress
Bayani Casimiro, tap dancer
Alfie Anido, actor, matinee idol
Flor Contemplacion, domestic worker
Jema Galanza, volleyball player
Ronato Alcano, professional pool player
Rico Blanco, singer, songwriter
Julia Clarete, host, singer, actress
Mario Montenegro, actor
Paw Diaz, actress, model, TV host
Dion Ignacio, actor
Louie Ignacio, TV director
C. J. Muere, actor
Ronnie Alonte, actor, singer, dancer, It's
Showtime, Hashtags member
Jane De Leon, It's Showtime GirlTrend
member, Actress.
Didith Reyes, actress, singer
Sabrina Man, child actress
Alden Richards, model and actor
Sabrina, singer
Princess Snell, actress
Halina Perez, model, actress
Carmina Villaroel, actress
Charo Ronquillo, fashion model
Led Sobrepeña III, singer of The Singing
Bee, actor, and comedian
Charlene Almarvez, fashion model
Jedah Hernandez, beauty pageant
titleholder
Barbie Forteza, actress, model
Joan Da, Finalist of the X Factor
Philippines
Thea Tolentino, female winner of GMA
Network's Protégé Season 2
Jeric Gonzales, male winner of GMA
Network's Protégé Season 2
Jak Roberto, actor, model
Sanya Lopez, actress, model
Stephanie Retuya, contestant and
runner-up in Asia's Next Top Model
(cycle 1)
HaveYouSeenThisGirl, author of the
books Diary ng Panget, Voiceless and
She Died
Karylle, It's Showtime host, actress,
daughter of Zsa Zsa Padilla
Ariel Magcalas, Former Mayor of Santa
Cruz, Laguna
Ramil Hernandez, businessman person,
incumbent governor
Vic Sotto, comedian
Jessie Lasaten, film composer, musical
scorer
Pat Lasaten, film composer, musical
scorer and arranger, keyboardist of
Ben&Ben
See also
Campaigns of the Philippine–American
War
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo
Legislative districts of Laguna

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Agrarian Reform. Retrieved 30 April
2017.
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Retrieved 28 April 2017.
4 . Kilometer count tabulated from data
for the e district engineering offices in
Laguna in the 2015 Road Data by the
Department of Public Works and
Highways
49. dpwh.gov.ph "Private-Public
Partnership - Laguna de Bay Flood
Control Dike Expressway (C-6
Extension)" Archived 27 July 2012 at
the Wayback Machine
50. dpwh.gov.ph "Private-Public
Partnership - Calamba-Los Baños
Expressway" Archived 11 July 2012
at the Wayback Machine
51. Placido, Darel (25 September 2018).
"Aklan split into two legislative
districts, Calamba City becomes
lone" . ABS-CBN News. Retrieved
25 September 2018.
52. "Paete, the Wood Carving Capital of
the Philippines" . UP Open University.
Retrieved 6 May 2017.
53. "Laguna" . Department of Tourism.
Retrieved 29 April 2017.
54. Tamayo, Ma. Rosario; Celis, Mark Irvin.
"Tourism Development in Region IV:
Employment Prospects and
Opportunities of Tourism Graduates of
Lyceum of the Philippines University"
(PDF). Retrieved 29 April 2017.

55. "Laguna: Historical" . Department of

Tourism. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
5 . "Salvador H Laurel museum and
library" . Salvador H. Laurel.
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Retrieved 29 April 2017.
5 . "Laguna: Museums" . Department of
Tourism. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
59. "Lolo Uweng:Quiapo Church of the
South" . Opinyon. Retrieved 13 April
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0. "Laguna: Natural" . Department of
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1. "Laguna: Man-Made" . Department of
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2. "DepEd: Datasets" . Department of
Education. Archived from the original
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External links
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap  
Download coordinates as: KML  · GPX
 Media related to Laguna (province) at
Wikimedia Commons
Geographic data related to Laguna
(province) at OpenStreetMap
Official Website of the Province of
Laguna

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title=Laguna_(province)&oldid=1001083761"

Last edited 3 days ago by MartinMichlmayr

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