PAF – Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology

Course: History of Aviation & Intro to Aviation Business

Faculty: Capt. Tanzim Khan
Class ID: 103435 Total Marks: 30
Examination: Report - 1 Date: 25 Mar 20

Project # 1

A team effort:

SAAD NADEEM (HISTORY)

FATIMA JAMEEL(TYPES&SAFTEY)

ASADULLAH(FLYING COUNRTY)

MUZDA SEHZAD(INDSTRY)

MUHAMMAD TEHAMEE(OPERTATING COST)

JAWERIA JAMEEL(EFFECTIVE PLACES)

 HISTORY
The history of hot air balloon, both with hot air and gas , spans many centuries. It includes
many firsts, including the first human flight, first flight across the English Channel, first flight in
North America, and first aircraft related distance.

Hot air balloons were first flown by the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier as early as the
spring of 1783. While the materials and technology are very different, the principles used by the
earliest eighteenth-century experimenters continue to carry modern sport and weather
balloons aloft.

Montgolfier Balloon:
Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier, paper mill owners, were trying to float bags made of paper
and fabric. When the brothers held a flame near the opening at the bottom, the bag (called a
balloon) expanded with hot air and floated upward. The Montgolfier brothers built a larger
paper-lined silk balloon and demonstrated it on June 4, 1783, in the marketplace at Annonay.
Their balloon (called a Montgolfier) lifted 6,562 feet into the air.

FOLLOWING ARE THE AIR BALLOON AFTER MONOTOGOFILER:

. Hydrogen Balloons and Jacques Charles

. Hydrogen Balloon with Flapping Devices

. Henri Giffard and the Dirigible

. The Baldwin Dirigible

 Types of Hot Air Balloons
Montgolfier Hot Air Balloon (November 21, 1783)
The Montgolfier Balloon was the first Air Balloon ever invented and it was made out of silk and
lined with paper that was 33 feet. It is the type of air balloon which uses fire to heat the air
inside the balloon to gain lift. The first flight was lasted for 15 min and it went for 2 miles,
whose first passengers were duck, sheep and cock. Nowadays, Montgolfier balloons have
stopped being made and they can now only be found in museums.

Hybrid Hot Air Balloon (June 15, 1785)

A Rozière balloon is a type of hybrid balloon that has separate chambers for a non-heated lifting
gas (such as hydrogen or helium) as well as for a heated lifting gas (as used in a hot air
balloon or Montgolfière). A Rozière-type balloon has the advantage of partial control of
buoyancy with much less use of fuel than a typical hot air balloon. This reduction of fuel
consumption has allowed Rozière balloons and their crew to achieve very long flight times,
as much as several days or even weeks.
 Safety measures

Accordingly we tell you about safety and dangerous things of hot air balloons. Sometimes Low
wind speeds make hot air balloons much safer, and the flights are more enjoyable. The weather
is the most important concern in hot air balloon safety. High winds and extreme weather such
as sleet and snow are potentially very dangerous.

Equipment:
Good pilots also always check their equipment before beginning a flight, and they often carry
backup tanks of fuel and other redundant equipment for safety. 

Important things that we need must:

 Pilots who want to fly hot air balloons must get a pilot's license. 
 The average commercial hot air balloon carries eight passengers including the pilot.
Smaller balloons will carry one or two passengers, while larger balloons can carry
upwards of thirty passengers. The world’s largest passenger hot air balloon, the
Cameron Z-750, can carry thirty-two passengers.
 For safety reasons, the maximum weight limit per person is 300 lbs.
  If a hot air balloon gets a hole so we must have a parachutes to save ourselves.
 The pilot should wear flame resistant gloves made of leather. These will
enable the pilot to shut off a gas valve in the case of a leak even if there is a
flame present.
It’s flying in countries
Hot-air balloons are commonly used for recreational purposes. In addition to quiet morning or
afternoon flights drifting cross-country to enjoy the view, many balloonists enjoy competitive
sporting events and attempting to set new records some of the famous countries for hot air
balloon are mention under:

1. CAPPADOCIA (Turkey)
The Cappadocia region of Turkey is the most popular location in the world for hot air
ballooning. Last year, over half of the world’s balloon trips took place in the region, with almost
half a million people taking to the skies. Cappadocia is consistently voted one of the best
destinations in the world for hot air ballooning. Enjoying a hot air balloon ride over one of the
most magical places on earth is an experience not to be missed. Even the most stunning
Instagram fail to capture the true beauty of Cappadocia. It is a landscape like no other in the
world. Because of its surreal, otherworldly features, it is one of the most popular destinations in
the world for hot air ballooning

2. LETCHWORTH STATE PARK (New York, US)

Few hot air balloon ride locations rival “The Grand Canyon of the East.” The Letchworth Park
gorge is magnificent, and provides an incredible backdrop for memorable hot air balloon rides.
The view is spectacular, and the experience breathtaking. The launch site is located adjacent to
the Middle Falls, one of the most picturesque locations within the park. The beautiful western
New York countryside surrounding Letchworth is an incredible flying area. It provides a fantastic
setting for your hot air balloon ride experience.

3. SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK (Tanzania)

Hot air balloon safaris in Serengeti are one of the unforgettable magical experience one can
have in the large open plains of Serengeti National Park. Floating on air early in the morning at
dawn makes you feel chilly. The African sunrise experience and above all you will have an eagle
eye at the open plain of Serengeti national park. You will be able to see animals from the top
like hunting big cats, wild beast migration, elephants, zebras, topis and others

4. BAGAN (Myanmar)
It’s nearly impossible to picture Bagan without hot air balloons beautifully clouding the historic
horizon. Bagan’s balloons have become an iconic symbol of the region, and have carried many
travelers on soaring adventures of a lifetime. Here’s how to experience an unforgettable birds-
eye view of Bagan, Myanmar. Ballooning season in Bagan runs from the beginning of October to
the middle of April. Sunrise is when most rides are offered, as the cooler morning temperatures
allow balloons to float closer to the ancient stupas for a more detailed glimpse. Daybreak also
tends to bring with it more dramatic layers of haze, dreamily blanketing the landscape for a
perfect photo opp.

5. LOIRE VALLEY (France)

The Loire valley is one of the best spot in France for hot air ballooning. Discover patrimonial
treasures, enjoy French gastronomy and contemplate beautiful Loire Valley landscapes and
castles from the sky. Balloon rides in Loire Valley are scheduled every day from April to October
either in the morning or the evening when the weather conditions are optimal. The balloon
flights include a weather cancelation insurance ensuring a full ticket refund in case of
cancellation because of unsuitable flying or safety conditions. No bank handling charge will be
retained on tickets

6. CHATEAU-D’OEX (Switzerland)
Chateau D’oex (pronounced day) has become the world’s alpine capital of ballooning. The first
International Balloon Festival in Chateau D’Oex was held in 1979; with the skies filled with
brightly colored bags of hot air drifting over the snowy peaks every year from this beautiful
protected valley in the Swiss Vaud region (see Chateau D’Oex Balloon Festival). If you can’t
make it for the balloon festival, the rest of the year you can explore the wonder and history of
hot air ballooning at the Escape Balloon – Hot Air Balloon Museum in the center of town.
7. SEDONA (Arizona, US
Imagine floating over Sedona as the sun peeks out over the crimson towers that line the
eastern horizon. As the sun breaks from behind the rocks, your morning hot air balloon ride
gives a bright perspective on what the day might bring. End your ride with a gourmet
champagne brunch amidst the famous Sedona red rocks. Afraid of heights? Not to worry.
People who normally fear heights tend to feel very comfortable in a hot air balloon because
there is no sensation of motion. Balloon flight is smooth; in fact, if you close your eyes, you
can’t sense the balloon's motion at all.

8. ALBUGUERQUE (New Mexico, US)

Albuquerque’s fantastic weather offers the perfect opportunity to take to the skies.
Take a romantic balloon flight, ride the aerial tramway, or admire the views from a glider or
airplane.

9. MELBOURNE AND YARRA VALLEY (Australia)

One of Victoria's most spectacular winery regions, with outstanding vineyards and mountains,
the Yarra Valley, a leisurely one-hour drive from Melbourne’s CBD. It is a natural amphitheatre,
which makes it the perfect location for a ballooning tour: great views, native fauna and flora,
excellent food and wine and stable weather. Let the breeze usher you along the corridors of
grape vines and over the Yarra River as you lose yourself in the breathtaking views of
mountains that surround the valley. This region has excellent locally grown food/wine and
makes for a brilliant full day in the countryside!

10. QUEENSTOWN (Newzealand)

Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand Sunrise Balloons is based in Queenstown, New Zealand,
flights are scheduled daily, weather permitting. Queenstown is quite possibly the best
landscape in the world to view, and it's even better during a hot air balloon ride

FAMOUS HOT AIR BALLOON FESTIVALS

Hot air balloon festivals are held annually in many places throughout the year, allowing hot air
balloons operators to gather- as well as for the general public- to participate in various
activities. They can include races; evening "night glows", in which balloons are fired while
remaining tethered to the ground and rides some of the famous hot air balloon festivals are
mention under:

1. Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta (Albuquerque, N.M.)

The Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta is a yearly hot air balloon festival that takes place
in Albuquerque, New Mexico, during early October. The Balloon Fiesta is a nine-day event
occurring in the first full week of October, and has over 500 hot air balloons each year. The
event is the largest balloon festival in the world, The Balloon Fiesta began in 1972 as the
highlight of a 50th birthday celebration for 770 KOB Radio. Radio station manager Dick McKee
asked Sid Cutter, owner of Cutter Flying Service and the first person to own a hot air balloon in
New Mexico

2. Colorado Springs Labor Day Lift Off (Colorado Springs, Colo)

Every year, the arrival of fall is marked at Colorado Springs with a massive hot air balloon
ascension. You can go up in one of over 70 balloons accompanied by breakfast and drinks from
local vendors that rise in the sky to greet the sun. Other activities during the Colorado Springs
Balloon Festival include skydiving demonstrations, wake-boarding, paddle boarding, chainsaw
carving, and donut eating competitions. In addition, there will be plenty of music and other live
entertainment. The day of festival fun ends with an amazing hot air balloon glow at dusk.

3. The Great Reno Balloon Race (Reno, Nev)

The Great Reno Balloon Race is the world’s largest free hot-air ballooning event. During four
days in early September, you can look up into the Reno skies and see a rainbow of hot air
balloons soaring about. From its humble beginnings in 1982 with just 20 balloons, The Great
Reno Balloon Race has taken flight with up to 100 balloons each year. The idea was to create an
event that would keep visitors in town the weekend between the State Fair and the Reno Air
Races and 38 years later, it is known as a world-renowned, and locally, a beloved community
tradition. Taking place just a few miles north of downtown Reno, the event enchants both
young and old with its vibrant colors and inspiring music. The Great Reno Balloon Race has won
many awards over the years, including ‘Best Special Event in Reno’ and ‘Best Special Event in
Northern Nevada.’ With an average of 120,000 spectators attending the event each year, the
number of lives touched by the beautiful spectacle continues to rise just like the balloons
themselves.

4. QuickChek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning ( Readington, N.J)

The Quick Chek New Jersey Festival of Ballooning has been held annually at the Solberg
Airport in Readington Township, New Jersey since 1983. Its lead sponsor is QuickChek, a New
Jersey-based chain of convenience stores. In 2012, the festival hosted around 125 special shape
and sport hot air balloons. It also had music concerts, crafters and vendors, food, carnival rides
and fireworks, which attracted more than 175,000 people. It had more than fifty corporate
partners.
5. International Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu  (Saint-Jean-sur-
Richelieu, Quebec, Canada)
Every year, for nine days of magic and color, the Haut-Richelieu sky is taken over by close to
100 hot air balloons during the International Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. The
Festival was recognized as a gold prize winner during the Quebec Tourism Awards Gala (Grand’s
Prix du tourisme québécois) in 2010. This Montérégie event is a reference in the air balloon
industry, with more than 1,000,000 square feet of activities, perfect for the whole family. It is
also a must-see summer event for fans of large music concerts. Don’t miss the International
Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, just 20 minutes from Montréal.

6. Bristol International Balloon Fiesta (Bristol, England)

The Bristol International Balloon Fiesta is held annually in England. Teams from the UK and
other parts of the world bring their hot air balloons to the site and participate in mass ascents
where as many as 100 balloons may launch at a time. The event was first held in 1979 and is
now one of the largest in Europe. It is common to have crowds of over 100,000 on each of the
four days of the festival. It takes place in a large country estate, Ashton Court. Mass launches
are made twice a day, at 6am and 6pm, subject to weather conditions. One popular attraction is
the night glow, when balloons are inflated and glow to music after dark. These are held on the
opening Thursday night at approx 9:30pm, followed by a spectacular fireworks display. There is
another night glow at the same time followed by the fireworks on the Saturday night. Some
people see these as the highlight of the fiesta. The balloon makers Cameron Balloons are near
to the fiesta site, in Bedminster, and make many of the special shaped balloons, which have
included Rupert the Bear, The Scottish Piper, Bertie Bassett, the Tesco Trolley, Stuart the
Minion, and the BBC One Balloon. Many shapes have also attended the fiesta from abroad, over
the years a UFO and a beaver have travelled from the US, a kiwi bird from New Zealand, and an
upside down balloon from the Netherlands.

7. European Balloon Festival (Igualada, Spain)

 European Balloon Festival is the largest hot air balloon festival in Spain, and one of the largest
in Europe. It takes place every year during the first fortnight of July in Igualada, Catalonia, Spain,
a city located within 60 km from Barcelona. The festival lasts four days (Thursday to Sunday)
and attracts thousands of spectators. It includes a hot air balloon competition and recreational
exhibitions such as a night glow and fireworks. The flights take place early in the morning and
late in the afternoon, when weather conditions are the optimal ones. It also offers visitors the
opportunity to fly on a balloon, by booking a flight in advance. The festival is organized by the
Igualada City Council, with technical support from the company Ultra magic, the world's second
largest manufacturer of hot air balloons, and Kon-Tiki Balloon Flights, a company specialized in
balloon flights. The company merged with Royal Flight Tours in 2010 and operates flights from
the south eastern peninsula.

8. Mondial Air Balloons ( Lorraine, France)

The most international hot-air balloon gathering in the world is held, in Lorraine, in the heart of
Lorraine's Nature Park since 1989 (and on this aerodrome since 1993), every other year, for ten
days. An original concept, proven for over twenty years, which has become the greatest event
in France, Europe and worldwide.

9. International Hot Air Balloon Festival (Chateau-d'Oex, Switzerland)

The Swiss hot air balloon capital, Château-d’Oex in the Vaudois Alps plays host to hundreds of
hot air balloons in January of each year. This colorful 9-day festival includes a night-time show,
hot air balloon rides and kids’ day. The Château-d’Oex International Hot Air Balloon Festival
brings together pilots from some twenty different countries, with nearly a hundred hot air
balloons taking advantage of the exceptional climate of the Alps in winter. Created in 1979, the
festival attracts crowds of people over two weekends, with hot air balloons in special shapes,
air displays and model hot air balloons. Wednesday afternoon is as always dedicated to
children; captive balloon flights, a big snack and animations will surely light up the joy on some
younger faces !

10. Taiwan International Balloon Festival (Taitung City, Taiwan).

Luye is a gorgeous, rural town in Taitung county, in the southeast corner of Taiwan. It is famous
for the International Taitung Hot Air Balloon Festival, which takes place there every summer,
but I think it’s a fabulously scenic and laid-back place to stay any time of year, especially if you
are looking to get a taste of rural Taiwan. The Taiwan International Balloon Festival includes
flying shows, mooring activities, balloon rides, a night glow music concert, balloon wedding
celebrations, and a summer camp all providing visitors with something to take home as well as
great memories.
 How it could be successful industry in Pakistan?
It would successful a Industry in Pakistan if we can it in tourism as it creates excitement that
attracts and holds attention. More than six million spectators annually attend hundreds of
balloon events nationwide, more than any other outdoor summer activity, including baseball
games and car races. In addition to the spectators attending balloon events, the balloon carries
your message over the surrounding populace, increasing the exposure to millions more - a
gigantic, colorful, living, moving billboard.

The advantage to the advertiser is that these events become their private marketing audience.
If wanted, the balloon can also make impact appearances at other sporting events as well,
taking advantage of these assemblies when they consist of the advertiser's target market.

And it can also be se as an sport industry as we have seen above it is a good sorce of income
because it will also attract venturesome peoples .

Hot air balloons are also very cost effective. Even more important, hot air balloons have real
impact that conventional advertising methods often lack. It is not surprising that advertising
balloons are being used by Disney, Pepsi, Rayovac, CPI photofinish, Ball Park Franks, Jack in the
Box and Pontiac in corporate marketing programs. Hundreds of local businesses also use hot air
balloons to achieve a wide variety of marketing goals.

The uses for a corporate balloon are nearly unlimited. A corporate balloon can be an excellent
addition to existing marketing efforts, and will set the company apart as a leader. Some ideas
for using a corporate balloon follow:

Special Events:
The balloon can appear at major events such as auto races, airshows, sporting events, etc. By
choosing an event who's demographics match that of your target audience, you can achieve
major exposure since the balloon will stand out from the activities the spectators are expecting
to see.

The author has flown and tethered corporate balloons at scores of events including Super Bowl,
Orange Bowl, Fiesta Bowl, Daytona 500, Indy 500, Kentucky Derby, The Preakness, L.A.
Marathon, etc.

Community Involvement:
Most special events benefit charities, and by participating with the balloon, the sponsor
company can position itself as a supporter of each community where the balloon appears.
While in a local community, the balloon team can provide demonstrations at children's
hospitals or schools - which are prime media bait!

Media Coverage:
A truly professional management company understands that the coverage the balloon receives
is of primary importance to the sponsor. The management company and balloon team should
work closely with the media by providing press kits, rides and interviews whenever possible.

Industry Events:
By flying or tethering the balloon at trade shows, conventions, and other industry events, the
sponsor can receive unsurpassed attention.
Very few people can ignore the sight of a ten-story tall balloon!

OPERATING COST
Owning a hot air balloon can be very expensive! One of the main costs associated with owning
a hot air balloon is fuel. Of course, the more you fly, the more fuel you need! So how much fuel
does a hot air balloon use?

Fuel:
An average-sized hot air balloon (77,000 cubic square feet) will use about 30 gallons of liquid
propane gas in a one hour flight. The bigger the hot air balloon and the more weight it carries,
the more fuel that will be expended during a flight. Going to higher elevations also increases
the amount of fuel used.

Knowing how much fuel a hot air balloon needs per flight is incredibly important! Being
unprepared in this arena could definitely lead to some very embarrassing situations!

In this average balloon with an average number of passengers, a one hour ride pretty
consistently uses about 30 gallons of liquid propane gas, give or take 3 gallons.

For example, the LPG place right around the corner from our institue charges Rs 129.68 a kilo
right now. Over 30 gallons, that would be 113.7kg that’s Rs 14745/= a flight. It’s that simple or
it will be $89 (as per dollar rates)

Pilot:
The pilot is an aeronaut, or just a balloon pilot The average Balloon Pilot salary in Canada
is $52,000 per year monthly around $4333 if you want to know per hour they earn  $26.67 per
hour.

Balloon itself:
The biggest expense in most cases will be the balloon itself. a used balloon can cost between
$7,000 and $15,000. A new balloon can cost around $40,000, or more if it is custom made or a
special shape.

Chase crew: 
Every flight needs to have a chase crew on the ground to follow the balloon and be there to
pick up the balloon, pilot and any passengers once it lands. If you have a truck or SUV, that can
work as a chase vehicle. A flatbed trailer to carry the basket and envelope can set you back
about $1,500. Some might choose a chase van customized for the balloon and basket. This can
set you back $10,000 for lift gates and special add-ons.

Annual inspections:
Annual inspections and repairs cost a balloonist an average of $1,000 a year.

 Balloon insurance: 
Balloon insurance is a must for any pilot. Sports pilots pay about $1,500 a year, while
commercial pilots who fly riders for a living will pay anywhere between $10,000 and $30,000.

TOTAL: That comes to a total of $45,500 in the first year if you buy a new balloon and a trailer
and fly roughly 30 flights.

Places in Pakistan where hot air balloon could be

effectively operated
Hot air balloons are commonly used for recreational purposes .we can use it somewhere else
but it can be used for mostly tourism In Pakistan we can also used hot air balloons to give
tourism .

In Pakistan mountain climbing, rock climbing, trekking /hiking, and skiing. Hot air ballooning,
paragliding, rafting and mountain biking etc a small circle of entertainment and adventure

For the very first time in Pakistan, travel and tours offers series Hot air balloon from multiple
locations across Pakistan the first event of this series will be held at khanpur dam.

In aviation hot air ballooning is one of the enjoyable forms of flight and this is one of the
reasons a Pakistan aviation industry also consider Hot air balloon as a business.

Hot air balloons need stable and consistent winds to operate effectively and the hours just
following sunrise are the best for finding these winds. Since hot air balloons move with the
prevailing air currents, the weather is very important in deciding whether fly or not to fly. Pilots
choose a launch site and use the winds to fly towards a suitable landing site.

HERE ARE THE TOP PLACES FOR HOT AIR BALLOON TOUR:

 Karachi sea view

 Kalash valley
 Skardu
 K2 base camp
 Karakorum and himalayan giants
 Khanpur dam
 Azad kashmir
 Islamabad
 Fairy meadows