THEME :

MAINTENANCE AND
CONTINUITY OF LIFE.
TOPICS : COLON CANCER.
Group member:
AMMAR darwis bin khairuddin.
Muhammad azfar bin m0hd
fauzi.
CONTENT Page
• What is cancer? 3
• What is colon cancer? 4
• Symptoms and causes 5
• Stages of colon cancer 6
• Factors that increase 9
the risk of colon cancer
• Lifestyle to reduce risk 10
• Name of treatment 11
• Quiz 12
• Reference 13
 WHAT IS CANCER?
• Cancer is a group diseases involving abnormal
cell growth with the potential to invade or
spread to other parts of the body.
 WHAT IS COLON CANCER?
• A type of cancer that begin in the large
intestine (colon).
• It can happen any age.Usually it will affect
older adults.
• Begin as small noncancerous clumps of cell
called polyps that form inside the colon.
• Over time,the polyps can become colon
cancers.
 SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES.
• A persistent change in your bowel habits,
including diarrhea or constipation or a change in
the consistency of your stool
• Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps,
gas or pain
• A feeling that your bowel doesn't empty
completely
• Weakness or fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
STAGES OF COLON CANCERS
STAGE 1
• Cancer has spread into the intestinal wall,through
the mucosa and into the submucosa.
STAGE 2
• Cancer has spread into the outmost layers of the
colon or rectum,but has not spread out of it.
• Cancer has spread past the wall out of the colon
or rectum,but has not spread into the surrouding
tissue,organs or lymph nodes.
• Cancer has spread past the wall out of the colon
or rectum,and has spread into the surrouding
tissues or organs,but has not spread to nearby
lymph nodes ot distant organs.
STAGE 3
• Cancer has spread past the wall of the colon or rectum,and
may have grown into the muscle.Cancer has spread to up
three lymph nodes near the site of the primary tumour.
• Cancer has spread past the outmost layer of the colon or
rectum,and may have spread into nearby organs or
tissues.Cancer has spread to up to three lymph nodes near
the original site,but has not spread to distant organs.
• Cancer has spread past the outermost layer of the colon or
rectum,and may have spread to four or more lymph nodes
near the original site.Cancer has also spread to nearby
organs.
STAGE 4
• Cancer may or may not have spread past the outermost
layer of the colon or rectum,or even nearby lymph nodes,but
it has spread to one different organ.
• Cancer may or may not have spread past the outermost layer
of the colon or rectum,or even nearby lymph nodes,but it
has spread to more than one different organ.
FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF
COLON CANCER.
• Obesity
• Lifestyle
• Older age
• A personal history of colorectal cancer or
polyps
• Family history of colon cancer
• Inflammatory intestinal conditions
 LIFESTYLE TO REDUCE RISK
• Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole
grains
• Exercise most days of the week
• Stop smoking
• Maintain a healthy weight
 NAME OF TREATMENT
• Colon surgery
• Radiotherapy
• Cheomotherapy
• Halcyon Radiotherapy System
 QUIZ
What is colon cancer?

How many stages are there in

colon cancer ?

What should be done

And not to prevent
Colon cancer?
 REFERENCE
• https://www.cancer.gov/about-
cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer

• https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/colorectal-
cancer/stages

• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/colon-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-
20353669#:~:text=Colon%20cancer%20is%20a%20type
,can%20happen%20at%20any%20age