The process of aging

Muscle System
Calcium leak in muscle
cells (ryanodine) Morphological changes in muscles
Calcium is reduced
Functional changes in muscles
Decreased contraction of
muscle fibers
The ability to maintain postural
is decreased
Decreased muscle
strength
A. Kerangka Teori

Balance disorders

penurunan
Quadriceps Muscle
Training
Increase balance and increase
muscle strenght
 F. Kerangka Konseptual

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

An increase in afferent
Quadriceps stimulation occurs in
Muscle Training cutaneous fibers

The stimulator receptors will then

Muscle Strenght
correct the propioseptic

Muscle repair occurs through

stimulation of the central nervous
system modulation.

Propositional and
neuromuscular reduction
Confounding Variable
1. Phisycal
activity Stimulates proprioceptive action to
2. Nutritional increase contraction
status
Balance

Contractions will provide

stability and increase the speed
of arthocinematic reactions

Peripheral reactions give

feedback to the central nervous
system in the balance.