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Constructor Chaining In Java with Examples
Difficulty Level : Easy
Last Updated : 23 Aug, 2019
Prerequisite – Constructors in Java
Constructor chaining is the process of calling one constructor from another
constructor with respect to current object.
Constructor chaining can be done in two ways:

Within same class: It can be done using this() keyword for constructors in same
class
From base class: by using super() keyword to call constructor from the base class.
Constructor chaining occurs through inheritance. A sub class constructor’s task is
to call super class’s constructor first. This ensures that creation of sub class’s
object starts with the initialization of the data members of the super class. There
could be any numbers of classes in inheritance chain. Every constructor calls up
the chain till class at the top is reached.

Why do we need constructor chaining ?

This process is used when we want to perform multiple tasks in a single constructor
rather than creating a code for each task in a single constructor we create a
separate constructor for each task and make their chain which makes the program
more readable.

Constructor Chaining within same class using this() keyword :

Constructor Chaining In Java

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edit
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brightness_4
// Java program to illustrate Constructor Chaining
// within same class Using this() keyword
class Temp
{
// default constructor 1
// default constructor will call another constructor
// using this keyword from same class
Temp()
{
// calls constructor 2
this(5);
System.out.println("The Default constructor");
}

// parameterized constructor 2
Temp(int x)
{
// calls constructor 3
this(5, 15);
System.out.println(x);
}

// parameterized constructor 3
Temp(int x, int y)
{
System.out.println(x * y);
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
// invokes default constructor first
new Temp();
}
}
Output:

75
5
The Default constructor
Rules of constructor chaining :

The this() expression should always be the first line of the constructor.
There should be at-least be one constructor without the this() keyword (constructor
3 in above example).
Constructor chaining can be achieved in any order.
What happens if we change the order of constructors?

Nothing, Constructor chaining can be achieved in any order

filter_none
edit
play_arrow

brightness_4
// Java program to illustrate Constructor Chaining
// within same class Using this() keyword
// and changing order of constructors
class Temp
{
// default constructor 1
Temp()
{
System.out.println("default");
}

// parameterized constructor 2
Temp(int x)
{
// invokes default constructor
this();
System.out.println(x);
}

// parameterized constructor 3
Temp(int x, int y)
{
// invokes parameterized constructor 2
this(5);
System.out.println(x * y);
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
// invokes parameterized constructor 3
new Temp(8, 10);
}
}
Output:

default
5
80
NOTE: In example 1, default constructor is invoked at the end, but in example 2
default constructor is invoked at first. Hence, order in constructor chaining is
not important.

Constructor Chaining to other class using super() keyword :

filter_none
edit
play_arrow

brightness_4
// Java program to illustrate Constructor Chaining to
// other class using super() keyword
class Base
{
String name;

// constructor 1
Base()
{
this("");
System.out.println("No-argument constructor of" +
" base class");
}
 // constructor 2
Base(String name)
{
this.name = name;
System.out.println("Calling parameterized constructor"
+ " of base");
}
}

class Derived extends Base

{
// constructor 3
Derived()
{
System.out.println("No-argument constructor " +
"of derived");
}

// parameterized constructor 4
Derived(String name)
{
// invokes base class constructor 2
super(name);
System.out.println("Calling parameterized " +
"constructor of derived");
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
// calls parameterized constructor 4
Derived obj = new Derived("test");

// Calls No-argument constructor

// Derived obj = new Derived();
}
}
Output:

Calling parameterized constructor of base

Calling parameterized constructor of derived
Note : Similar to constructor chaining in same class, super() should be the first
line of the constructor as super class’s constructor are invoked before the sub
class’s constructor.

Alternative method : using Init block :

When we want certain common resources to be executed with every constructor we can
put the code in the init block. Init block is always executed before any
constructor, whenever a constructor is used for creating a new object.

Example 1:

filter_none
edit
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brightness_4
class Temp
{
// block to be executed before any constructor.
{
System.out.println("init block");
}

// no-arg constructor
Temp()
{
System.out.println("default");
}

// constructor with one arguemnt.

Temp(int x)
{
System.out.println(x);
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
// Object creation by calling no-argument
// constructor.
new Temp();

// Object creation by calling parameterized

// constructor with one parameter.
new Temp(10);
}
}
Output:

init block
default
init block
10
NOTE: If there are more than one blocks, they are executed in the order in which
they are defined within the same class. See the ex.
Example :

filter_none
edit
play_arrow

brightness_4
class Temp
{
// block to be excuted first
{
System.out.println("init");
}
Temp()
{
System.out.println("default");
}
Temp(int x)
{
System.out.println(x);
 }

// block to be executed after the first block

// which has been defined above.
{
System.out.println("second");
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new Temp();
new Temp(10);
}
}
Output :

init
second
default
init
second
10
This article is contributed by Apoorva singh. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would
like to contribute, you can also write an article using
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