August 28, 2020

THE
GAS
LAWS

We describe the behavior of gases with four variables:

Pressure is defined as force applied per unit area.

Volume of a sample of gas is accepted as the volume of
the container it fills up.
Temperature of the gas can simply be measured with a
thermometer. However most of the thermometers measure
in oC or oF, unit conversion to Kelvin is necessary.

Mole: Note that the amount of gas is specified in moles

NOT in mass.

AVOGADRO'S LAW
(Mole-Volume Relationship)

Volume of gases changes with temperature and pressure. The volume of

a gas under constant T and P, is directly proportional to the number of
moles of gases.
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P0
P0

2n mol gas
n mol gas

V, T 2V, T

n/V = 2n/2V= constant

V1/V2 = n1/n2 T, P = constant

Question: A container has 3.00 g of H2 gas. If 42.0 g of X2 gas

is added into this container at constant temperature and
pressure, the volume is doubled. What is the atomic mass of
X atom? (H=1.00)

BOYLE'S LAW
(Pressure-Volume Relationship)
The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to the pressure.
P
2P
2P.V = P.2V= constant

n mol gas
n mol gas P1V1=P2V2
V, T 2V, T

P1h1=P2h2 for manometers

A plot of V versus P will be a curve A plot of V versus 1/P will be a

straight line.

A plot of PV versus V will be a straight line.

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Question: The tube shown in the figure below is turned upside down at constant
temperature and outer pressure. What can be the height of the gas in the tube in the
second position?

P atm =75 cmHg

GAS ?cm

Hg
5 cm
Hg 5 cm

GAS 7cm

P atm =75 cmHg

CHARLES'S LAW
(Temperature-Volume Relationship)
The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature.

P
P

n mol gas n mol gas

V, T 2V, 2T

V1/T1=V2/T2 n, P= constant
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-273 200 0
T(0C)

The volume of any gas increases by 1/273 of its initial volume when its
temperature increases by 1 0C. In other words, the expansion coefficient of
all gases is 1/273.

Question: A CO2 gas sample has a volume of 120 mL at

273 0C. What is the volume of this sample at standard
temperature?

GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW
(Temperature-Pressure Relationship)

When a container with a constant volume filled with n mole of

gas is heated, pressure in the container increases proportional to
absolute temperature.

P heated 2P
n mol n mol
gas gas

V, T V, 2T

P/T=2P/2T= constant

=
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PRESSURE-MOLE RELATION 
The pressure of a gas under constant T and V, is directly proportional with
the number of moles of gases present.

P "n mol gas is added" 2P

n mol 2n mol
gas gas
V, T V, T

P/n =2P/2n= constant

P 1/P 2 = n1/n2

IDEAL GAS LAW

P.V = R= Gas constant P.V=n.R.T

n.T
atm
Kelvin
liter mol

At STP;
P= 1 atm
V= 22.4 L
n= 1 mol
T= 0 0C = 273 K R= 1x22.4 = 22.4 = 0.0820 atm L/ mol K
1x273 273

We can derive another equation from the ideal gas

equation:
Note that; PM=dRT

molar mass density

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The constant of proportionality is known as R, the gas constant.

Question: What is the density of an O2 gas sample at 0 oC and 1.12

atm in g/L?

Question: Ca3N2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + NH3

14.8 g Ca3N2 which is 80.0 % pure reacts with sufficient

amount of water to produce ammonia gas.
o
What is the volume of ammonia gas obtained in mL at 27 C
and 4.10 atm?
 August 28, 2020

COMBINED GAS LAW

P1 V1= n1 R T1 P1 V1 P2 V2
=
P2 V2= n2 R T2 n1 T1 n2 T2
Question:
In a closed system with a movable piston there is 1 mol of X
gas. If n mol of X gas is added and if the absolute
temperature is doubled, the piston moves to point 3 and
stops. What is the mol number of the gas added?

0 1 2 3 4

1 mol
X gas